EklavyaSnatak1

Telegram
UNIT- I The Constitution of India - An Introduction (5 Weeks)
• Federal Republic, Rule of Law, Separation of Powers
• Sovereignty, Socialism, Democracy
• Secularism and Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava

UNIT- II Constitutional Values {5 Weeks)

• Justice: Social, Political, Economic
• Liberty: Thought, Expression, Belief, Faith, Worship
• Equality: Equality before law & equal application of laws
• Fraternity: Dignity, Unity and Integrity

UNIT- Ill Fundamental Duties

• Reflecting on the ancient Indian notions of righteousness and duty consciousness
• Fundamental Duties- Article 51A [(a)- (k)]
• Legal status of Fundamental Duties - Judicial approach
Reflecting On The
Ancient Indian Notions
Of Righteousness And
Duty Consciousness
Dharma or the principle of righteousness is the supreme of the
▪ purusārthas. Dharma in Indian tradition is different from the Western concept of religion.

▪ The word religion has been derived from the latin root religar which means “to connect”.

▪ In this sense religion is a set of principles which connects human beings with God or which
connects the this worldly and the that worldly.

▪ Therefore, religion essentially has some notion of God or some other supernatural entity.
It is a particular way of worshipping
On the other hand derived from the Sanskrit root dhr , which connotes to
sustain, support or uphold, dharma has a wide range of meaning: it is the
essential foundation of something or of things in general, and thus signifies
‘truth’; it is that which is established, customary, proper and therefore, means
‘traditional’ or ceremonial; it is one’s duty, responsibility, imperative and
thereby ‘moral obligation’; it is that which is right, virtuous, meritorious, and
accordingly ‘ethical; and it is that which is required, precepted, or permitted
through religious authority, and thus legal
the word dharma passed through several transitions of meaning and ultimately its most prominent significance came to be
the privileges, duties and obligations of man of the castes, as a person in a particular stage of life”. We find various forms of
Dharm in the sense of duty in ancient India like-

➢ Sāmānya Dharma Some general rules which are universal in nature like truth, non-violence and non-stealing.

➢ Rāj Dharma Duties of the king.

➢ Stree Dharma Duties of woman.

➢ Dāmpatya Dharma Duties of husband and wife.

➢ Varna Dharma Duties of varnas.

➢ Āshrama Dharma Duties in the different stages of life

➢ Āpad Dharma Duties during the crisis period.

Fundamental Duties
Article 51A [(a)- (k)]
There Are 11 Fundamental Duties Of The Citizens Of India. These Are As Follows:

1) To abide by the constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the
National Flag and the National Anthem.

2) To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle
for freedom.

3) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.

4) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.

5) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the
people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional
diversities to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
6) To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.

7) To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes,

rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.

8) To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and
reform.

9) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.

10) To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective

activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and
achievement.
11) Who is a parent or guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his
child or as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years
Legal Status Of
Fundamental Duties -
Judicial Approach
• The Fundamental Duties are non-enforceable and non-justiciable.

• There is no provision in the constitution for direct enforcement of these duties.

• It means that no citizen can be punished by a court for violation of a Fundamental Duty.
In this regards, Fundamental Duties are like Directive Principles of State Policy of PartIV
• On the need to obey Fundamental Duties, the Supreme Court of India issued a notice in
1998 to the Government of India enquiring about its plan to teach Fundamental Duties to
the citizens of the country.

• In response to this notice, Government of India established a committee under

the chairmanship of Justice J S Verma Committee, known as Verma Committee on
Fundamental Duties of the Citizens (1999) to examine operational aspects of Fundamental
Duties and recommend steps which can teach and educate people
about the need to obey Fundamental Duties.
• Fundamental Duties can strengthen the foundation of society and nation. But mere legislation is not
enough to fulfill them.

• An effective implementation of the rules is essential for an effective fulfillment of duties.

• That is possible if favourable attitudes and commitment to obey duties are created among the citizens
of India.

• To increase the awareness among the people of India concerning Fundamental Duties, Verma
Committee had identified few existing acts by which a proper implementation of such duties can be
accomplished. These are discussed below: