1.a) Distinguish between hygroscopy and efflorescence and precipitation.

(3mrks)

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

b.) Using Lead (II) nitrate and Magnesium sulphate, demonstrate how you can produce Lead (II)
sulphate . ( Use balanced equations and indicate the states of the products and reactants)
(4mrks)

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

c. From the above reaction in (b) write the ionic equation stating the spectator ions. (3 marks)

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

b.) write the word equations for the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and the
following.

(i) magnesium oxide

(ii) calcium hydrogen carbonate

(ii) zinc metal

(iv) potassium hydroxide

(4mrks)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

11. The diagram on the next page shows a set up which was used by a student to investigate the
effect of electricity on molten Lead (II) Bromide.

a.) Explain the observation at the cathode

(2mrks)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________
b.) Why does solid lead (II) Bromide not allow the passage of electricity
(2mrks)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

c.)Write equations to show the reactions taking place

 i. At the cathode (1mrk)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

ii. At the anode (1mrk)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

15. Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of the following solids
(3mrks)

a. PbCO3(s) HEAT
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

b. Na2CO3. 10H2O(s)HEAT
________________________________________________________________________
___
 c. KNO3(s) HEAT

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

17.(a) List any three uses of salts`

(3mrks)

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. Given lead (II) oxide, nitric acid, sodium carbonate and water. Explain briefly how you can
prepare lead (II) carbonate. Use chemical balanced equations. (4 marks)

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________