Boost your comprehension Cambridge IELTS 16 – A&M IELTS Dinh Thang

PART 04 - SENTENCE ANALYSIS | PHẦN 04 -

TẬP TRUNG PHÂN TÍCH & ĐỌC HIỂU CÁC CÂU
KHÓ

TEST 1 | READING PASSAGE 1

P olar bears are being increasingly

threatened by the effects of climate
change, but their disappearance could
have
far-reaching consequences. They are
uniquely adapted to the extreme
conditions of the Arctic Circle, where
temperatures can reach —40°C. One
reason for this is that they have up to 11
centimetres of fat underneath their skin.
Humans with comparative levels of
adipose tissue would be considered
obese and would be likely to suffer from
diabetes and heart disease. Yet the
polar bear experiences no such
consequences.

A 2014 study by Sin Ping Liu and

colleagues sheds light on this
mystery. They compared the genetic
structure of polar bears with that of
their closest relatives from a warmer
Boost your comprehension Cambridge IELTS 16 – A&M IELTS Dinh Thang

climate, the brown bears. (1) This that

(1) This [S] allowed [V] them to determine the genes
allowed them to determine the have allowed polar bears to survive in one of the toughest environments
genes that have allowed polar on Earth.
bears to survive in one of the
toughest environments on Earth.
Liu and his colleagues found the polar = This helped them find out which genes help polar
bears had a gene known as APoB, bears live in one of the hardest places on Earth.
which reduces levels of low-density
lipoproteins (LDLs) — a form of 'bad' = Điều này giúp họ tìm ra những gen nào giúp cho gấu
cholesterol. In humans, mutations of this
gene are associated with increased risk
Bắc cực sống ở một trong những nơi khắc nghiệt nhất
of heart disease. Polar bears may trên Trái Đất
therefore be an important study model
to understand heart disease in humans.

The genome of the polar bear may also

where bones show reduced
(2) This [S] is [V] a disease
provide the solution for another density
, (which is) usually caused by insufficient exercise, reduced
calcium intake or food starvation.
condition, one that particularly affects

= This is a condition where bones become less strong,

our older generation: osteoporosis. (2)
often because of not getting enough exercise, not having
enough calcium, or not having enough to eat.
This is a disease where bones
= Đây là căn bệnh mà xương giảm mật độ, thường là bởi
thiếu vận động, thiếu canxi, hoặc cơ thể thiếu thức ăn.
show reduced density, usually

caused by insufficient exercise,

(3) Bone tissue [S1] is constantly being remodelled [V1],
reduced calcium intake or food (which) [S2] means [V2]

starvation. (3) Bone tissue is that bone [S3] is added [V3]

or removed [V4],
constantly being remodelled,
(which) [S4] depends [V5] on nutrient availability

meaning that bone is added or

and the stress that the bone is

removed, depending on nutrient

under
.
= Bone tissue is always changing. It can get bigger or
availability and the stress that the smaller based on the food and how much pressure it feels.

= Mô xương liên tục thay đổi, nghĩa là xương được thêm

bone is under. Female polar bears, vào hoặc mất đi, phụ thuộc vào lượng dinh dưỡng hoặc áp
lực mà xương phải chịu.
however, undergo extreme

conditions during every pregnancy.

Once autumn comes around, these

females will dig maternity dens in

Boost your comprehension Cambridge IELTS 16 – A&M IELTS Dinh Thang

the snow and will remain there (4) This process [S1] results [V1] in about six months of
fasting, where the female bears have to keep themselves and their cubs
throughout the winter, both before alive,

(which) [S2] depletes [V2] their own calcium

and after the birth of their cubs. (4)
This process results in about six
months of fasting, where the
female bears have to keep
themselves and their cubs alive,
and calorie reserves.
= During this time, the female bears don't eat for about six
months, during which they have to keep themselves and
their cubs alive. This uses up their stored calcium and
calories.
= Quá trình này dẫn đến trong khoảng thời gian sáu tháng
nhịn ăn, gấu mẹ phải giữ cho bản thân chúng và gấu con
sống sót, điều này làm cạn kiệt nguồn canxi và calo dự trữ.

depleting their own calcium and

calorie reserves. Despite this, their

bones remain strong and dense. (5) We [S] tend [V] to want to protect animals (which) we
think are intelligent
Physiologists Alanda Lennox and Allen
Goodship found an explanation for this and possess emotions, such as elephants and primates.
paradox in 2008. They discovered that
pregnant bears were able to increase
the density of their bones before they = We usually want to protect animals which we believe are
started to build their dens. In addition, smart and have feelings, like elephants and monkeys.
six months later, when they finally
emerged from the den with their cubs, = Chúng ta thường muốn bảo vệ những loài động vật mà
there was no evidence of significant loss chúng ta tin rằng chúng thông minh và có cảm xúc, như voi
of bone density. Hibernating brown và khỉ.
bears do not have this capacity and
must therefore resort to major bone
reformation in the following spring. If the
mechanism of bone remodelling in polar
bears can be understood, many
bedridden humans, and even
astronauts, could potentially benefit.

The medical benefits of the polar

bear for humanity certainly have
their importance in our conservation
efforts, but these should not be the (6) A male bear (which is) called GoGo in Tennoji Zoo, Osaka, [S] has
only factors taken into consideration. even been observed [V] making use of a tool to manipulate
(5) We tend to want to protect his environment.
animals we think are intelligent
and possess emotions, such as = In the Tennoji Zoo in Osaka, there is a male bear named
elephants and primates. Bears, on GoGo who has been seen using a tool to change things
the other hand, seem to be perceived as around him.
stupid and in many cases violent. And
yet anecdotal evidence from the field
= Ở vườn bách thú Tennoji ở Osaka, có một con gấu đực
challenges those assumptions,
suggesting for example that polar bears
tên là Gogo, nó đã được trông thấy sử dụng dụng cụ để
have good problem-solving abilities. (6) điều khiển môi trường xung quanh.
A male bear called GoGo in
Tennoji Zoo, Osaka, has even
been observed making use of a
tool to manipulate his
Boost your comprehension Cambridge IELTS 16 – A&M IELTS Dinh Thang

environment. (7) The bear used a (7) The bear [S] used [V] a tree branch on multiple
tree branch on multiple occasions occasions to dislodge a piece of meat which was) hung out of his reach.
(

to dislodge a piece of meat hung

out of his reach. Problem-solving = The bear used a tree branch several times to get a piece
ability has also been witnessed in of meat that he couldn't reach.
wild polar bears, although not as
obviously as with GoGo. (8) A = Con gấu đã sử dụng một cành cây một vài lần để lấy
calculated move by a male bear miếng thịt ngoài tầm với của nó.
involved running and jumping
onto barrels in an attempt to get
to a photographer standing on a
platform four metres high. (8) A calculated move by a male bear [S] involved
[V] running and jumping onto barrels in an attempt to get to
In other studies, such as one by a photographer (who was) standing on a platform four metres high.
Alison Ames in 2008, polar bears
showed deliberate and focussed
manipulation. For example, Ames = A smart decision made by a male bear was to run and
observed bears putting objects in jump on top of some barrels to reach a photographer who
piles and then knocking them over in was standing on a platform four meters high.
what appeared to be a game. The
study demonstrates that bears are = Một con gấu đực có quyết định thông minh là chạy và
capable of agile and thought-out nhảy lên những chiếc thùng để đạt đến một nhiếp ảnh gia
behaviours. (9) These examples đang đứng trên một nền cao bốn mét.
suggest bears have greater
creativity and problem-solving (9) These examples [S1] suggest [V1]
bears [S2] have [V2] greater creativity
abilities than previously thought.
and problem-solving abilities
than
As for emotions, while the evidence (we) [S3] previously thought [V3].
is once again anecdotal, many bears
have been seen to hit out at ice and = These examples show that bears might be more clever
snow — seemingly out of frustration and better at solving problems than we used to think.
— when they have just missed out
= Những ví dụ này cho thấy rằng gấu có lẽ thông minh và
on a kill. (10) Moreover, polar có kỹ năng xử lý vấn đề tốt hơn những gì chúng ta từng
bears can form unusual nghĩ.
relationships with other species,
including playing with the dogs (10) MOREOVER,
used to pull sleds in the Arctic.
polar bears [S] can form [V] unusual relationships with
Remarkably, one hand-raised polar bear (which) includes playing with the dogs used to pull sleds in the Arctic.
called Agee has formed a close other species,
relationship with her owner Mark Dumas
= Also, polar bears can have unique friendships with other
to the point where they even swim
types of animals, like playing with the dogs that help pull
together. This is even more astonishing
sleds in the Arctic.
since polar bears are known to actively
hunt humans in the wild. = Hơn nữa, gấu Bắc cực còn có thể kết bạn với những loài
khác, như là chơi với chó kéo xe ở Bắc cực.
If climate change were to lead to their
extinction, this would mean not only the
loss of potential breakthroughs in
human medicine, but more importantly,
the disappearance of an intelligent,
majestic animal.