established to ascertain the fracture characteristics What type of impact testing is it when the type of

of materials at high loading rates notch is U-Notch?

It was realized that the result of this at low loading What type of impact testing is it when the type of
rate could not be extrapolated to predict fracture hammer is a ball pin hammer?
behavior.

TYPES OF IMPACT TESTING What type of impact testing is it if the striking

point is at the center of the specimen?

The test apparatus consists of a weighted What type of impact testing is it if the material
pendulum, which is dropped from a specified tested is only metals?
height to make contact with the specimen.

The test apparatus and specimen design are very What type of impact testing is it when the
similar to Charpy impact, with some notable specimen is positioned vertically?
differences, including the orientation of the
specimen, which is clamped into the apparatus
vertically with the notch facing toward the
pendulum.

What type of impact testing is it when the What type of impact testing is it when the
specimen is positioned horizontally? direction of notch face is in front of striker?

What type of impact testing is it when the What type of impact testing is it when the type of
direction of notch face is opposite side of striker? notch is V-Notch?
Charpy Test IMPACT TESTING

Charpy Test Laboratory tensile tests

Charpy Test Charpy and Izod Test

Charpy Test Charpy Test

Izod Test Izod Test

Izod Test Charpy Test

Izod Test Charpy Test

What type of impact testing is it when the type of It is a method used to evaluate the quality of
hammer is a farming hammer? materials by their ability to resist cracking or other
surface irregularities during one continuous bend.

What type of impact testing is it if the striking These are common in springs and brittle materials
point is at the upper tip of the specimen? with linear failure behaviors

What type of impact testing is it if the material Bend test are performed in these materials
tested are plastic and metals?

What type of impact testing is it if the size of the It is a method used to find out how much a
specimen is 55x10x10 mm? material can be stretched before it breaks.

What type of impact testing is it if the size of the Compression, Torsion, and Tensile testing can be
specimen is 75x10x10 mm? performed on

It is a type of assessment that aims to destroy or Applies pulling force to a material and measures
deform a material in order to understand a its response to the stress.
material’s behavior or performance under different
loads .

Types of Destructive Testing Method The most common properties of interest in tensile
testing are
Bend Test Izod Test

Bend tests Izod Test

Concrete/Stone Izod Test

Wood/Plastic
Glass/Ceramics
Powder Metallurgy (processed metals)

Tensile Test Charpy Test

Universal testing machine Izod Test

Dynamic Fatigue Testing System

Tensile test Destructive testing

Breaking force Bend Test

Modulus of elasticity Tensile Test
Elongation or strain Compression Test
Tensile strength Impact Test
Torsion Test
used in the construction of concrete structures due
to its superior tensile strength.
Other commonly-tested materials in tensile tests
include
A method used to determine a material’s behavior
under applied crushing loads and are typically
conducted by applying compressive pressure.
a fundamental type of mechanical testing
used to determine a material’s behavior under
crushing loads.
Compression testing is used to determine
properties such as
A method used to determine the impact resistance
or toughness of materials by calculating the
amount of energy absorbed during fracture.
A method used to determine a material’s behavior
when twisted or under torsional forces.
Given a constant twisting moment, the torsion
angle of a shaft is constant along its axis.
The process of inspecting, testing, or evaluating
materials, components or assemblies for
discontinuities, or differences in characteristics
without destroying the serviceability of the part or
system.
Types of Non-Destructive Testing
ADVANTAGES OF DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Disadvantage of destructive testing
the weakening of a material caused by cyclic
loading that results in progressive and localized
structural damage and the growth of cracks.
It is due to the repeated loading and unloading.
Torsion test Rebar

Non-destructive testing Plastics

Thin films
Composites
Textiles
Biomaterials (medical tubing and sutures)

Visual NDT Compression Test

Ultrasonic NDT
Radiography NDT

Verifies properties of a material. Compression testing

Determines quality of welds.
Helps you to reduce failures, accidents and costs.
Determines impact resistance.
Analyses ductility.
Can produce knowledge about yield and ultimate tensile
strength, fracture toughness and fatigue strength.

The biggest disadvantage of using a destructive Elastic limit

method is that it will destroy at least a part of the Proportional limit
item you want to check. Yield point
Yield strength
Compressive strength

Fatigue Impact Test

Fatigue Torsion test

When a material is subjected to a force acting in Defined as the difference between the maximum
different directions at different times it can cause and minimum stresses
cracking.

helps determine a material’s ability to withstand Defined as half of the stress range
cyclic fatigue loading conditions.

performed by repeated tension–tension, Average of the minimum and maximum stresses

compression– compression, tension-compression
or other combinations of cyclic loading.

. It describes the relation between cyclic stress If the waveform is fully reversed, what is the mean
amplitude and number of cycles to failure. stress?

S-N diagram plots Having a tensile mean stress will normally cause
what in the fatigue life of the component?

This will occur when we apply a cyclic load to a Types of fatigue testing
component after a given number of time or cycles.

Fully reversed stress waveform being applied. This is a type of fatigue testing that tends to be
Same stress is being applied in tension and associated with loads in the elastic regime.
compression.
Stress range Fatigue

Stress amplitude Fatigue test

Mean stress Fatigue test

zero S-N diagram

decrease Nominal stress amplitude and cycles to failure.

Or
Cyclic stress
Number of cycles

High cycle fatigue Component fracture

Low cycle fatigue

High cycle fatigue Constant amplitude

This is a type of fatigue testing that generally If the deformation is reversible or recoverable, it is
involve plastic deformations called

For automated durability testing of electronics, It is irreversible or non-recoverable, then

buttons, touch screens, pcb, etc. it is called

Fully integrated into dynamic fatigue software is used to measure the toughness of a material.

Allows for precise and repeatable testing 5 types of impact testing

coordinates

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES THAT is often used in the polymer industry to determine

UNDERGO IMPACT TESTING the toughness of plastics but can be used on any
material.

Material’s capacity to absorb energy up to fracture. is a standard method used to measure the impact
toughness of materials, particularly metals.

When stress is applied on a material, it undergoes Is often referred to as 'Pellini' test

strain and that results in
elastic deformation. Low-cycle fatigue

plastic deformation XY stage

Impact Test Stage position control

Izod High-resolution stage position control

Charpy
Drop weight
Instrumented impact
Ball impact

IZOD TEST Toughness

Strength
Brittleness
Ductility
Hardness

CHARPY TEST Toughness

DROP WEIGHT TEST deformation

A type of test that is frequently used to test for a It is a testing method that aims to deform or
material’s ductile to brittle transition temperature. destroy a material to analyze its point of failure.

a spherical or hemispherical projectile is propelled It is performed to find various mechanical

at a material or structure at a specified velocity. properties like strength, toughness, hardness,
ductility, brittleness, etc.

Is a type of impact test where the load on the TYPES OF DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
specimen is continuously recorded as a function of METHOD
time and specimen deflection prior to fracture.

Machine for impact testing used to test the mechanical properties of a given
test specimen by exerting tensile, compressive or
transverse stresses.

The Instron 9400 Series is capable of performing Universal Testing Machine (UTM) is designed to
various impact tests meet a wide range of tests including

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES THAT COMPONENTS OF A UNIVERSAL TESTING

UNDERGO IMPACT TESTING MACHINE (UTM)

Examples of engineering materials that undergo Allows operators to set test parameters and comes
impact testing with user friendly software for data acquisition
and analysis.
DESTRUCTIVE TESTING DROP WEIGHT TEST

DESTRUCTIVE TESTING BALL IMPACT TEST

Bend Test INSTRUMENTED IMPACT TEST

Tensile Test
Compression Test
Torsion Test
Impact Test
Fatigue Test

universal Testing Machine (UTM) Pendulum Machine

Bend Test puncture impact,

Tensile Test compression after impact,
Compression Test tensile,
Shear Test 3-point bending,
wedge peel,
cushioning and component tests.

Control Panel Toughness

Grips/Fixtures Strength
Crosshead Brittleness
Load Frame Ductility
Load Cell Hardness
Actuator

Control Panel Metals

Polymers
Ceramics
Composites
Advanced engineering materials
When a sample is stretched apart from two ends, Types of bending test
these are used to hold still the specimens while the
test is running.

Comprising both the upper and lower components, in this test setup there are two supports and a
it is the moving component of the testing centrally loaded test punch.
apparatus, serves as the mechanism for moving the
grips or fixtures relative to each other during
testing.

The testing machine's main structural component, Instead of the single punch applying force in the
provides support for the entire system. center, a double punch is used.

A tool used to measure the force applied to the test THE PROPERTIES OBTAINED IN
subject BEND TESTING

It is responsible for applying controlled forces to THE MATERIALS THAT CAN BE SUBJECTED
the specimen under test.
TO BEND TESTING

It is a method used to evaluate the quality of It is a method used to find out how strong a
materials by their ability to resist cracking or other material is and also how much it can be stretched
surface irregularities during one continuous bend. before it breaks.

the load is applied slowly and steadily over a long CLASSIFICATION OF TENSILE TEST
period of time.
3 point bending test Tensile grips
4 point bending test

3 point bending test Crosshead

4 point bending test Load frame

Flexural modulus (Modulus of Elasticity), Load cell

Yield Strength,
Ductility, and
Flexural Strength of the material.

Metals Actuator
Polymers
Composites
Biomaterials

BEND TEST
TENSILE TEST

Static Tensile Test Static Tensile Test

Dynamic Tensile Test
the load is applied rapidly. Focuses on evaluating the compression behavior
of helical springs or other types of mechanical
springs.

THE PROPERTIES OBTAINED IN Its purpose is to measure spring’s compressive

TENSILE TESTING characteristics, such as its load-deflection
relationship and spring rate.

THE MATERIALS THAT CAN
SUBJECTED TO TENSILE TESTING
BE This type of testing is commonly used for
assessing the compressive strength and stability of
materials like packaging containers, bottles, or
other products subjected to vertical loads during
storage or transportation.

It is a method used to determine a material’s THE MATERIALS THAT CAN BE

behaviour under applied crushing loads and is SUBJECTED TO COMPRESSION TESTING
typically conducted by applying compressive
pressure.

THE PROPERTIES OBTAINED IN It is a method used to determine a material’s

COMPRESSION TESTING behavior when subjected to
a twisting or torsional force.

Types of Compression Testing THE PROPERTIES OBTAINED IN

TORSION TESTING

This type of testing is commonly used to evaluate

the strength and stiffness of materials in bending Types of Torsion Testing
applications, such as beams or structural
components.
Spring test Dynamic Tensile Test

Spring test Elastic Modulus (Young’s Modulus),

Yield Strength,
Ductility, and
Ultimate Tensile Strength

Top-load/Crush Testing Metals

Polymers
Composites
Biomaterials

Metals COMPRESSION TEST

Ceramics
Polymers
Composites
Biomaterials

TORSION TEST compressive strength,

yield strength,
modulus of elasticity, and
ductility

torsional strength Flexure/Bend Testing

shear modulus Spring Testing
torsional stiffness Top-load/Crush Testing
ductility
fatigue

Failure Testing Flexure/Bend Testing

Proof Testing
Functional Testing
Twisting the product, component, or specimen Types of torsion testing
until failure

can be classified as either a physical break or a When a product, component, or specimen is

kink/defect in the specimen. twisted under failure.

Applying a torsional load and holding this torque Types of failure testing
load for a fixed amount of time.

Testing complete assemblies or products such as Type of failure test that determine the ultimate
bottle caps, switches, dial pens, or steering shear strength
columns to verify that the product performs as
expected under torsion loads.

Torsion testing can be performed both on Type of failure test that determine product
longevity before failure under various loading
conditions

Done to confirm that manufacturers are using Failure can be classified as

materials that meet the performance specifications
for intended application

Ensures that finished products perform as expected type of torsion test when a torsional mode is
applied and held for a fixed amount of time. This
proves that the product can withstand torsional
forces for a set duration.
Failure testing Failure Testing
Proof testing
Functional testing

Failure testing Failure

Static test or cyclic test Proof Testing

Static test Functional Testing

Cyclic test Raw materials

Finished products

Physical break Raw material testing

Yield or defect

Proof testing Finished product testing

Type of torsion test that is performed on finished Types of fatigue testing machine
products to make sure that the product performs
well under torsional loads it will encounter in use.

THE MATERIALS THAT CAN BE Generally involve plastic deformations.

SUBJECTED TO TORSION TESTING

weakening of a material caused by cyclic loading Tend to be associated with loads in the elastic
that results in progressive and localized structural regime.
damage and the growth of cracks.

Latin of “to tire” THE PROPERTIES OBTAINED IN

FATIGUE TESTING

It is due to the repeated loading and unloading. THE MATERIALS THAT CAN BE
SUBJECTED TO FATIGUE TESTING

PROCESS OF FATIGUE

It is a method used to evaluate how a material

behaves under repeated stress and cyclic loading.
 Low cycle fatigue Functional testing
High cycle fatigue

Low cycle fatigue Metals

Ceramics
Polymers
Composites
Biomaterials

High cycle fatigue fatigue

endurance limit, fatigare

fatigue life,
stress vs strain relationship,
crack initiation and propagation

Metals fatigue
Ceramics
Polymers
Composites

Initial fatigue damage

Crack propagation
Sudden fracture

FATIGUE TEST

Position of Specimen Horizontally Vertically

Direction of Notch Face Opposite side of Striker In front of Striker

Type of Notch U-Notch V-Notch

Size of Specimen 55 X 10 X 10 mm 75 X 10 X 10 mm

Type of Hammer Ball Pin Hammer Farming Hammer

Striking Point Centre of Specimen Upper Tip of Specimen

Material Tested Metals Plastic & Metals