Embedded system

Sheet no.3

1- what is sensor? explain its role in embedded system design?

illustrate with an example?
A sensor converts the physical action to be measured into an electrical
equivalent and processes it so that the electrical signals can be easily sent and
further processed. The sensor can output whether an object is present or not
present (binary) or what measurement value has been reached (analog or digital)

Embedded sensor systems include cameras, radars, light-based radar (LiDAR)

systems, ultrasonic sensors, wheel-speed sensors and global positioning
systems (GPS)

2- what is actuators? explain its role in embedded system design?

illustrate with an example?

Actuators form a link with the output ports of a given system. These components
are used to facilitate efficient output in many real-life applications such as
process control systems in nuclear reactors, home automation and security
systems, and aircraft flight control systems

The control system can be a human, a fixed mechanical or electronic system, or

even software-based, say a printer driver, or a robot control system. Examples of
actuators include electric motors, stepper motors, electroactive polymers, screw
jacks, servomechanism, solenoids and hydraulic cylinders

3- explain the operation of (SRAM) cell?

Basically, SRAM performs three operations which are Hold, Read and Write
operations. Whenever the two access pass transistors of the word line (WL) are
in OFF state, then the bit line and bit line bar (BL & BLB) are also in OFF
condition, hence the memory cell is in hold state
4- explain the different factors that needs to be considered in the
selection of memory in the embedded system?
Memory performance and capacity requirement for low cost systems are small,
whereas memory throughput can be the most critical requirement in a complex,
high performance system. Following are the factors that are to be considered
while selecting the memory devices, Speed. Data storage size and capacity

5- explain the importance of stepper motor in embedded systems?

One major advantage of stepper motor is that it has excellent position control and
hence can be used for precise control application. Also it has very good holding
torque which makes it an ideal choice for robotic applications. Stepper motors
are also considered to have high life time than normal DC or servo motor

6- explain the different on-board communication interfaces in

brief?
Some of the popular interfaces are Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
(UART), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C). Think
of these interfaces as different ways of communication between faculty and
students, like classroom teaching, seminars, field trips and other fun ways

7- explain the different external communication interfaces in brief?

External interfaces are typically a product's lifeline to the outside world. Such
interfaces may be used for a number of purposes, including connecting to
peripherals, field programming, or testing during product manufacturing. Typical
interfaces include USB, RS232, Ethernet.
8- compare the operation of zigbee and wi-fi network?