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 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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 Contents

Preface xix

UNIT 1 The Legal System and Basic Principles of Law

Chapter 1 Introduction to Law 1
The American Legal System in the Twenty-First
Century 4
The English Source of U.S. Law 6
Modern Common Law and Stare Decisis 8
Modern Sources of U.S. Law 11
Lawmaking by Legislators 12
Lawmaking by the Executive Branch 13
Lawmaking by Courts 14
Lawmaking by the People 15
Types and Classifications of Law 15
Federal and State Law 16
Civil and Criminal Law 16
Private and Public Law 17
International and Domestic Law 18
Procedural and Substantive Law 19
Subject Matter Classification 20
The Relationship between Law and Ethics 21
What Are Ethics? 22
Why Study Ethics? 22
The Nature of Ethical Inquiry 23
The Object of Ethics 23
Ethical Standards 23
Duty-Based Ethics 24
Utilitarianism 26
Moral Reasoning 28
Morals and Ethics: Distinguishing between Laws
and Moral Ethics 31
Using Court Cases 32
Federal Court Decisions 32
State Court Decisions 32
Reading Court Cases 34
Case: Eric J. v. Betty M. The Court of Appeals Dist. 4 36
Chapter Questions and Problems 38

vii

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 viii Contents

Chapter 2 The Constitution 41

What Is Constitutionalism? 42
What Is Constitutional Law? 44
What Is Judicial Review? 46
What Is Separation of Powers? 47
How Is the National Government Organized? 49
Legislative Branch (Congress) 49
Executive Branch (Presidency) 50
Judicial Branch (Courts) 51
What Is Federalism? 54
What Constitutional Powers Belong to Citizens? 55
The Police Power 56
What Is the Supremacy Clause? 57
What about Taxes? 58
What Is the Commerce Clause? 60
What Is the Bill of Rights? 62
Incorporation Doctrine 63
The First Amendment and Free Speech 64
Is Commercial Speech Protected? 65
Is Symbolic Speech Protected? Even “Hate Speech”? 66
Public Employees and Free Speech 68
Free Speech and the Internet 69
The First Amendment and Freedom of Religion 70
Establishment Clause 71
Free Exercise Clause 71
Can Guns Be Banned? 72
Freedom from Unreasonable Searches 73
Rights of an Accused to Due Process of Law 73
Equal Protection of the Law in Education 75
Affirmative Action in Education 77
Right to Privacy 79
Due Process and Equal Protection and Medical Testing 80
Case: Thomas et al. v. Chicago Park District 82
Case: McDonald v. Chicago 83
Chapter Questions and Problems 87

Chapter 3 The Court System 89

What Is a Court? 90
What Is a Trial Court? 91
What Is an Appellate Court? 93
What Is Jurisdiction? 95
Political Boundaries of State and Federal Courts 95
Jurisdiction over Subject Matter 96
Jurisdiction over Persons and Property 97

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 Contents ix

Jurisdiction and the Internet 98

How Are State Court Systems Organized? 99
What Are Small Claims Courts? 100
What Is the Federal Court System? 102
Federal Trial Courts 102
Federal Appellate Courts 103
Trial Proceedings 104
How Is a Civil Case Started? 104
How Is a Criminal Case Started? 107
What Are Pretrial Procedures? 107
What Is a Jury? 110
What Is an Action or Cause in Equity? 118
How Is a Trial Conducted? 121
How Is a Case Ended? 126
What Happens if Either Party Appeals? 128
A Sample Almost-Unedited State Appellate Court Decision 129
Case: Trustees of Columbia University v. Jacobsen 131
Chapter Questions and Problems 134

Chapter 4 Attorney–Client Relationship and Dispute Resolution 137

What Is the Adversarial System? 138
Attorneys-at-Law 140
Who May Practice Law? 140
Specialization 142
Associations of Lawyers 143
What Are Professional Ethics? 146
Confidentiality and the Attorney–Client Privilege 149
Conflicts of Interest 151
Frivolous Lawsuits 152
Dealing with an Attorney 153
Is an Attorney Necessary? 153
How Do You Find a “Good” Attorney? 154
How Do You Hire and Fire an Attorney? 158
Attorney Fee Arrangements 159
Financing Attorney Fees 163
Financing the Client’s Case 163
What Is Legal Malpractice? 164
Unauthorized Practice of Law 166
Alternative Dispute Resolution 168
Negotiation 170
Mediation 171
Arbitration 172
Private Judging 177
Ombudsperson 177
Expert Fact Finding 178
Early Neutral Evaluation 178
Mini-Trial 178

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 x Contents

Summary Jury Trial 178

Collaborative Law Practice 179
Partnering 179
Conclusions Regarding ADR 179
Case: New Hampshire v. Gordon 181
Case: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Waffle
House, Inc. 182
Chapter Questions and Problems 185

Chapter 5 Administrative Law 189

What Is Administrative Law? 190
Agency Process 191
Substantive Law of Agencies 191
Focus on Agency Process 192
What Is an Administrative Agency? 193
Executive Departments 194
Independent Administrative Agencies 194
State Agencies 196
A Brief History of U.S. Administrative Law 196
Creation of Administrative Agencies 197
Administrative Procedure Act (APA) 197
Delegation of Power 198
State Administrative Agencies 198
Leading Areas of Administrative Law 199
Business Finance 199
Communications 200
Employment Practices 200
Environment 201
Energy 202
Free Enterprise and Healthy Competition 202
Other Areas of Administrative Law 203
Agency Power, Process, and Action 203
The Independence of Agencies 203
Regulations and Rulemaking 204
Investigation 207
Enforcement 209
Alternative Dispute Resolution 209
Adjudication 209
Limits on Agency Power 213
Political Control 213
Constitutional Guarantees 213
Public Accountability 213
Judicial Review of Agency Action 214
Case: Nash v. Auburn University 217
Chapter Questions and Problems 221

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 Contents xi

Chapter 6 Crimes: Public Wrongs 223

What Is a Crime? 225
Federal Crimes 230
Who Are Parties to a Crime? 230
What Is the Corpus Delicti? 231
Felony, Misdemeanor, or Infraction? 233
What Are Crimes against the Person? 234
Murder 234
Manslaughter 237
Rape 238
Extortion 239
Kidnapping 240
Robbery 241
Mayhem 241
Assault and Battery 242
Hate Crimes 242
Terrorism 243
Stalking 244
What Are Crimes against Property? 244
Arson 244
Burglary 245
Theft 245
Receiving Stolen Property 245
Identity Theft 246
What Are Crimes against Public Health, Safety, and Welfare? 246
What Are Crimes against Public Decency and Morals? 248
What Are Some Examples of Other Crimes? 250
White-Collar Crimes 250
Miscellaneous Crimes 252
What Are Some Defenses to Crimes? 253
Self-Defense 253
Duress 254
Is Lack of Mental Capacity a Defense? 254
What Is Entrapment? 257
What Is the Statute of Limitations for Crime? 258
Victims’ Rights 258
When Are Police Permitted to Search and Seize? 260
Exclusionary Rule 261
Search Warrants and Warrantless Searches 261
What Procedures Lead to a Criminal Trial? 264
Accusatory Pleading 265
Arrest 267
Booking 268
Bail 269
Arraignment 269
Plea Bargain 270
Preliminary Hearing 270

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 xii Contents

What Are the Constitutional Rights of an Accused? 270

Can Innocent Persons Be Convicted? 272
Terrorism Issues 273
What Is the Punishment of Convicted Persons? 273
Punishment for Misdemeanors 274
Punishment for Felonies 275
What Are Parole, Probation, and Clemency? 278
When Is Punishment Cruel and Unusual? 280
Can a Defendant’s Record Be Cleared? 284
What Should You Do if Arrested? 284
Case: Herring v. United States 285
Case: People v. Lara 287
Chapter Questions and Problems 288

Chapter 7 Torts: Private Wrongs 291

What Are Torts and How Are They Classified? 294
Torts by Intentional Conduct 296
Assault 296
Battery 296
False Imprisonment and False Arrest 298
Intentional Infliction of Mental Distress 299
Defamation 301
Invasion of Privacy 305
Conversion (Civil Theft) 306
Fraud 307
Bad Faith 310
Torts by Negligent Behavior 311
The Elements of Negligence 311
Duty and Breach of Duty 311
Causation: Actual and Proximate 313
Intervening Causes and Shared Responsibility 318
Violation of a Statute as Proof of Negligence 319
Professional Malpractice 320
Premises Liability 321
The Injury Requirement and Damages 323
What Is a Res Ipsa Loquitur Case? 324
What Are Defenses to Negligence? 325
Strict Liability Torts 327
Workers’ Compensation 328
Defective Products that Cause Injury 329
What Are Damages? 334
Compensatory Damages 335
Punitive Damages 336
Nominal Damages 338
What Barriers Can Prevent Collection of Damages? 339
Statutes of Limitation 339
Judgment-Proof Defendants 340

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 Contents xiii

Case: Randi W. v. Muroc Joint Unified School District 340

Case: Reider v. Louisiana 342
Chapter Questions and Problems 344

Chapter 8 Contracts: Enforceable Agreements 347

An Overview of the Promises by Which We Live 349
The Ever-Present Contract 350
What Is the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)? 350
How Are Contracts Classified? 351
Method of Expression 352
Parties Bound 352
Legal Effect 353
Extent of Performance 353
What Are the Requisites of a Valid Contract? 354
Competent Parties 354
Mutual Agreement 355
Genuine Assent 359
Reciprocal Consideration 363
Legality in Formation and Execution 364
Form Prescribed by Law 369
Direct Involvement of Third Parties in Contracts 373
Third-Party Donee and Creditor Beneficiaries 373
Assignment of Contract Rights and Delegation of Duties 374
How Are Contracts Discharged? 376
What Remedies Are Available for Breach of Contract? 377
What Special Protection Is Provided for Individual Consumer
Contracts? 379
Before-Sale Laws 380
During-Sale Laws 381
After-Sale Laws 383
What Warranty Protection Do You Have as a Consumer? 384
May a Seller Disclaim All Warranties that Otherwise Protect the
Consumer? 386
Case: Hamer v. Sidway 388
Case: Lucy v. Zehmer 390
Chapter Questions and Problems 393

UNIT 2 Application of Law to the Individual

Chapter 9 Family Law 395
Is the Federal Government Involved in Family Law? 397
What Is Marriage? 398
Common Law Marriage 400
The “Marvin Marriage” 401
Domestic Partnerships and Civil Unions 402

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 xiv Contents

Is Marriage Limited to Heterosexual Couples? 402

What Are the Legal Consequences of Marriage? 404
Obligation of Support 404
Property Rights 405
Civil Lawsuits between Family Members 408
What Laws Govern Parenthood? 410
Prenatal Laws 410
Paternity 412
Surrogate-Mother Contracts 413
Parental Rights and Liabilities 417
Genetic Engineering and Family Planning: Legal Issues 417
“Designer Babies” in the Future? 418
Cloning Babies 419
State Protection of Minors 420
Emancipated Minors 422
Juvenile Court Protection 422
Sexual Abuse of Children 423
Maternal Abuse during Pregnancy 425
How May Marriage Be Terminated? 426
Dissolution (Divorce) 426
Annulment 429
“Bed and Board” Separation, Separate Maintenance, or Legal
Separation 430
What Are a Spouse’s Rights and Duties upon Termination
of Marriage? 430
Maintenance (Alimony) 430
Property Division in Equitable Distribution States 432
Property Division in Community Property States 436
Child Custody 436
Child Support 438
How May Family Law Be Modified by Contract? 440
Premarital Agreements 440
Separation Agreements 442
Cohabitation Agreements 443
Case: Johnson v. State of Florida 444
Case: Perry et al. v. Schwarzenegger 445
Chapter Questions and Problems 448

Chapter 10 Motor Vehicles and Personal Property 451

Owning a Motor Vehicle 453
Is a Special Contract Required to Purchase a Motor Vehicle? 453
Warranties for Motor Vehicles 454
What Are Lemon Laws? 457
What Are Automobile Leases? 458
What Are Automobile Recalls? 460
Product Liability 460
Registration of Motor Vehicles 463
When and How May an Automobile Be Repossessed? 465

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 Contents xv

Driving a Motor Vehicle 466

Why Must Drivers Be Licensed? 466
What Standard of Care Does the Law Prescribe for Drivers? 468
Must Drivers Stop at Accident Scenes? 468
Does a Traffic Citation Prove Civil Liability for an Accident? 469
Are Owners Liable for Negligence of Other Drivers? 470
Are Drivers Liable for Injuries to Guests in Their Cars? 472
Driving Under the Influence (DUI) 472
Must Owners Maintain Their Vehicles in Good Repair? 474
Are There Special Laws for Rented Vehicles? 476
Are There Special Laws for Common Carriers? 478
What Is the Financial Responsibility Law? 479
Purchasing Automobile Insurance 480
What Types of Automobile Insurance Are Available? 480
Who Is Protected by Automobile Insurance? 482
What Is the Insurance Company’s Duty to the Insured? 484
What Is No-Fault Insurance? 484
What Should You Do if Involved in an Accident? 485
Other Methods of Acquiring Ownership of Personal Property 486
Possession 486
Production 486
Gifts 487
Will or Inheritance 488
Accession 488
Confusion 488
Mislaid, Lost, and Abandoned Property 489
Mislaid Property 489
Case: Jamison v. The Pantry, Inc. 490
Chapter Questions and Problems 492

Chapter 11 Renters and Landlords 495

The Conflicting Perspectives of Renters and Landlords 501
What Kinds of Leases Are Available? 503
Legal Requirements of a Lease 504
Tenancy for Years 504
Periodic Tenancy 505
Tenancy at Will 505
Tenancy at Sufferance 506
Law and Public Policy in the Landlord–Tenant Relationship 506
Legal Remedies for Landlords 508
Damages and Eviction 508
Security Deposits 511
Legal Remedies for Tenants 513
Implied Warranty of Habitability 513
Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment 515
Landlord Negligence Causing Bodily Injury 518
Assigning and Subletting 523
How Can a Renter’s Problems Be Minimized? 524

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 xvi Contents

Case: Marina Point, Ltd. v. Wolfson 529

Case: New Haverford Partnership v. Stroot 529
Chapter Questions and Problems 532

Chapter 12 Home Ownership 535

Characteristics of Home Ownership 536
Amenities 537
Economics 538
How Do Real Estate Agents Serve Buyers and Sellers? 540
Service to Sellers 540
Service to Buyers 545
How Is an Offer to Purchase a Home Made? 546
What Is the Effect of an Accepted Offer? 546
What Are Disclosure Laws? 548
How Can a Buyer Finance the Purchase of a Home? 551
The Promissory Note 552
The Mortgage 553
What If a Homeowner Defaults on Monthly Loan Payments? 553
Types of Financing 556
What Is Escrow? 566
Closing Costs 568
The Legal Significance of Close of Escrow 568
What Is a Deed? 569
What Is Title Insurance? 570
Role of Attorney in Home Transactions 573
How May Title to Your Home Be Held? 574
How Is a Home Taxed? 575
What Is Fire Insurance? 577
Standard Fire Insurance Policies 577
Homeowners Policy 577
Coinsurance Clauses 578
What Is Neighbor Law? 578
Help from Local Officials 578
Help from CC&Rs 579
Help from Court 580
Case: Antrim, Piper, Wenger v. Lowe 583
Case: Van Camp v. Bradford 584
Chapter Questions and Problems 587

Chapter 13 Employee and Employer Rights and Duties 589

The Changing Work Environment 590
How Does the Law Affect Workers and the Workplace? 590
Legal Classification of Employees 592
Principal–Agent Relationship 592
Employer–Ordinary Employee 594

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 Contents xvii

Contracting Employer–Independent Contractor 596

Is There a Constitutional Right to Work? 598
Laws against Discrimination 599
Types of Discrimination 599
The Role of the EEOC 600
Race and Color Discrimination 601
National-Origin Discrimination 602
Religious Discrimination 603
Gender Discrimination 604
Equal Pay for Equal Work 608
Age Discrimination 609
What Is Meant by “Affirmative Action” in Employment Practices? 611
Americans with Disabilities Act 613
What Are the Basic Duties of Employees? 617
Duty to Follow Lawful Instructions 617
Duty of Care 617
Duty of Loyalty 618
What Are the Basic Rights and Common Benefits of Employees? 619
Employment at Will and Limiting Exceptions 619
What Is the Minimum Wage? 622
Working Conditions 623
Fringe Benefits 623
Retirement Benefits 624
Family and Medical Leave 626
Privacy Rights 627
Rights Regarding Unions 630
Statutes Governing Labor–Management Relations 631
What Kinds of Strikes Are There? 635
Arbitration of Employment Disputes 635
Case: Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins 638
Case: Ricci v. DeStefano 640
Chapter Questions and Problems 643

Chapter 14 Wills, Trusts, and Probate 645

What Is Estate Planning? 647
What Tax Burdens Can the Estate Planner Reduce or Avoid? 648
Taxes on Lifetime Gifts 649
Matters Concerning Wills 649
What Is a Will? 649
How Does One Create a Valid Will? 652
How Does One Revoke a Will? 657
Can a Probate Court Distribute Property Contrary to
the Terms of a Will? 657
What if the Testator Is the Victim of Undue Influence? 658
What Happens to the Estate of a Person Who Dies
Without Leaving a Will? 659
Matters Concerning Probate 660

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 xviii Contents

What Is Probate? 660

Can Probate Be Avoided? 661
What Are the Duties of an Executor? 663
What Is the Uniform Probate Code? 665
What Are Living Wills and Other Advance Directives? 665
Does a Terminally Ill Person Have the Legal Right
to Commit Suicide? 668
Matters Concerning Trusts 669
What Are Trusts? 669
Who May Be a Trustee, and What Does a Trust Cost? 670
What Are the Duties of a Trustee? 671
Are There Different Types of Trusts? 671
Irrevocable Inter Vivos Trusts 671
Revocable Inter Vivos Trusts 672
What Is a Living Trust? 672
Testamentary Trusts 675
Marital Life Estate Trusts 675
The Rule against Perpetuities 676
Taxation of Generation-Skipping Trusts 676
Are There Other Uses of Trusts? 677
Is Joint Tenancy an Effective Way to Avoid Probate? 678
What Are Conservatorships and Guardianships? 679
Principal Elements of Estate Planning 679
Case: Estate of Dorothy Southworth v. North Shore Animal League 682
Case: McConnell v. Beverly Enterprises–Connecticut, Inc. 684
Chapter Questions and Problems 687

Appendix A Case Brief 689

Appendix B Declaration of Independence 693
Appendix C Constitution of the United States of America 697
Appendix D Legal Research 713

Endnotes 725
Glossary 741
Index 777

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 Preface

In the sixth edition of Understanding the Law, we continue to provide a text that can be
used in many different law courses. We still presume that the student lacks a prior law
course and that this text is their first instruction specifically related to law. Our focus has
been to make the text timely and current. Our goal has always been to provide a text-
book that is interesting, and even fun, as well as scholarly. Most drama is about conflict,
and nothing is more dramatic than law, the rationale and rules devised to address
conflict.
We have kept the feature we added in the fifth edition, Law around the World,
though we have reduced this to one feature per chapter. In this edition, we have added
another new feature, Morals and Ethics. In each chapter, we provide one or more exam-
ples of applications of moral and ethical principles to the issues and law raised in that
chapter. Connected with the primer on ethical perspectives contained in Chapter 1, these
features allow students using this book to maintain a connection to the moral views on
issues that are inherent in law.
We continue to use the Legal Focus feature, which provides background, examples,
cases, and problems to break up long textbook discussion of topics that become dry if
not considered with the human condition. Each Legal Focus is clearly identified in the
textbook. Some problems are also actually cases, and the case classification is used
when there is an available appellate court citation. Many Legal Focuses present issues
that are unresolved, hopefully prompting reasoned class discussion and continued atten-
tion to the resolution of important legal issues. The use of Chapter Objectives at the be-
ginning of each chapter in the fourth edition was well received and is continued. A
detailed glossary has been a feature of this text, and terms are also provided in the text
margin when first introduced. The appendix on how to brief a case has been retained to
assist those using case summaries as a critical thinking writing exercise.

SUPPLEMENTS
Instructor’s Resource CD-ROM
This CD-ROM includes the Word files for the Instructor’s Manual and the Test Bank. It
also includes selected exhibits from the text.

Electronic Instructor’s Manual/Test Bank

The Instructor’s Manual/Test Bank continues to be written by author John McKinsey.
Each chapter of the manual provides a chapter overview, along with teaching sugges-
tions. The test bank has a minimum of 20 multiple-choice, 15 true/false, 10 fill-in, and
three essay questions. It is available on both the Instructor’s Resource CD-ROM and the
text companion website, http://www.cengage.com/blaw/carper.

xix

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 xx Preface

Text Web Site

Visit the Carper, Understanding the Law, website at http://www.cengage.com/blaw/
carper. There you will find teaching resources for your course.

CengageBrain
Save your students time and money. Tell them about CengageBrain.com to access Cen-
gage Learning content and empower them to choose the format and savings that suits
them best … and a better chance to succeed in your class.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
John McKinsey
This is the first edition of this textbook that did not involve any direct work from the
original authors. Donald Carper has continued to advise me and provide insights and
comments and, for me, the continuation of this text is a tribute to his energy, enthusiasm
and dedication to the teaching of students. I was one of those students.
Our reviewers for this edition are again an eclectic group, providing helpful com-
ments and suggestions. They are:
Ilene Goldberg, Rider University
Janet W. Hagen, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh
Jennifer Hammack, Georgia College and State University
Jacqueline Irwin, Georgia Southern University
Nance Kriscenski, J.D., Manchester Community College
James Morgan, California State University, Chico
Barbara A. Nagle, J.D., Montclair State University
Bryan Sanders, J.D., Evangel University
Wendy Vonnegut, Esq., Methodist University
Jason Wolins, Humphreys College
Amy Oakes Wren, J.D., Louisiana State University, Shreveport
We wholeheartedly accept the appropriateness of their occasional plaudits, and just as
completely reject each and all of their thoughtless criticisms. In truth, we truly appreciate
the hard work of the reviewers who give us helpful feedback on our scholarship and ap-
proach. We responded to the many helpful suggestions except when they were at odds
with each other.
Previous reviews for West editions of the text have been:

Fifth Edition
Martha Broderick, University of Maine
Howard Cohen, University of Buffalo
Julie Walters, Oakland University

Fourth Edition
Judith Anshin, Sacramento City College
Scott A. Comparato, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

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 Preface xxi

Robert J. Gonzalez, American River College

James R. Ravelle, Moravian College
Marilyn R. Tayler, Montclair State University
Gay A. Young, Johnson County Community College

Third Edition
Norma C. Connolly, Montclair State University
John L. Frank, Chippewa Valley Technical College
Terry L. Hull, Southwest Texas State University
Linda M. Moran, Santa Rosa Junior College
Gene C. Wunder, Washburn University

Second Edition
Ralph Baker, Ball State University
Thomas H. S. Brucker, University of Washington
Jack DeSario, Mount Union College
Samuel L. Jackson, American River College
Theodore S. Olin, Utica College
James C. Ray, Meredith College
Sandra W. Thompson, Georgia Institute of Technology
Perry Zirkel, Lehigh University

First Edition
Thomas M. Apke, California State University, Fullerton
Jane Bennett, Orange Coast College
Joyce Birdoff, Nassau Community College
Thomas Brucker, University of Washington
James Ford, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
John Guarino, North Essex Community College
Susan Helf, Seattle Central Community College
Deborah Howard, University of Evansville
Mike LaFrance, Kirkwood Community College
Donald Mayer, Oakland University
Richard Mills, Cypress College
H. Randall, Kent State University
Thomas Van Devort, Middle Tennessee State University
Don Wirries, Moorhead State University

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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1st Pass Pages

 C H A P T E R
1
Introduction to Law
“Let reverence for the laws be breathed by every American mother to the lisping babe that
prattles on her lap; let it be taught in schools, in seminaries, and in colleges; let it be written in
primers, spelling-books, and in almanacs; let it be preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in
legislative halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short, let it become the political
religion of the nation; and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor, the grave and the
gay of all sexes and tongues and colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its altars.”
Abraham Lincoln, Address before the Young Men’s Lyceum of Springfield,
Illinois, January 1837.

L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S
After reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to:
w Define law while understanding the varied w Classify the law in a variety of ways including
meanings that legal concepts have across federal and state law, criminal and civil law,
society. private and public law, and procedural and
w Understand the origins of the English common substantive law.
law system and its connection to the U.S. legal w Be able to define ethics and distinguish ethics
system. from law.
w Describe the important sources of U.S. law and w Demonstrate familiarity with two forms of
explain how they are interrelated. ethical reasoning and the ability to use them to
w Explain the doctrine of stare decisis and consider an ethical problem.
understand how case law is related to other
sources of law.

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Another random document with
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 Book XI. Op. 27. Brilliant. All positions. (5599 l).
Book XII. Op. 27. Brilliant. All positions. (5599 m).
This excellent work should form every student’s companion
from the first beginning until a degree of considerable
technical skill has been reached. It gains much by E.
Heim’s careful revision as to the fingering, bowing and
all marks of expression.

Arena. A collection of Duets for two violins, arranged in

progressive order, carefully marked and annotated by E.
Heim:—
Book VI. Duets up to the sixth and seventh positions, by H.
Ries, Haydn, and Alard. (11806 s).
Book VIa. Duets up to the sixth position, by Hauptmann
and Blumenthal. (11806 a).
An excellent collection of graduated Duets revised by Ernst
Heim; each book corresponds in difficulty with the same
book of his Violin Studies “Gradus ad Parnassum”, see
page 115, and his Violin and Piano pieces, “Palaestra”,
see page 151.

Hauptmann, M. Op. 2. 2 Duets. (1082).

— Op. 16. 3 Duos. (5611).

Hermann. Op. 26. Morceaux mélodiques. Bks. 4, 5. (5328 d,

e).
Kayser, H. E. Violin Studies, carefully revised, fingered, and
with instructive annotations by Ernst Heim:—
16 Studies (comprising studies in the half, 1st, 2nd, 3rd,
4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th Positions). Op. 28. (5619).
Nos. 1-9 belong to II; 10 and 11 to III.
16 Studies (to follow the 36 Studies, Op. 20). Op. 30.
(5620).
Nos. 1-3, 7, 10, 14, 15 belong to II; Nos. 6 and 8 to III.
Mayseder. 3 celebrated Duets. Op. 30, 31, and 32. (10007 a-
c).
Ries, H. Progressive Duets. (Ernst Heim).
 Book IV. Up to sixth position. (5629 d). Book V. Up to
seventh position. (5629 e). Book VI—IX. In all positions.
4 Books. (5629 f-i).
These melodious and graceful compositions are rendered
more valuable by the careful revision of fingering,
bowing and marks of expression. They contain a wealth
of technical devices.

Step V. Difficult.

Arena. A Collection of Duets for Two Violins, arranged in

progressive order, carefully marked and annotated:—
Book VII. 2 Duets in all positions (difficult), by Hauptmann
and De Bériot. (11807 s).
Book VIIa. 3 Duets in all positions (difficult), by Haydn, J. B.
Viotti, and Campagnoli. (11807 a).
Book VIII. 2 Duets in all positions (very difficult), by F. Ries,
and Hauptmann. (11808 s).
Book VIIIa. Duets in all positions. (Very difficult), by C. de
Bériot, and M. Hauptmann. (11808 a).
Graduated Duets revised by Ernst Heim; each book
corresponds in difficulty with the same book of his Violin
Studies, “Gradus ad Parnassum”, see page 117, and his
Violin and piano pieces, “Palaestra”, see page 156.

Hermann. Op. 24. Études spéciales. On double stops,

shifting &c. (5615 a).
— Op. 26. Morceaux mélodiques. Bk. 6. (5328 f).

Kalliwoda. Op. 234. Grand Duo brillant. (5607).

Rode. 24 Caprices in the form of Studies, with 2nd Violin by
Ludwig Abel; revised by E. Heim. (5632).
The addition of an excellent second violin part by Ludwig
Abel combined with the careful revision which
characterises Heim’s work, and the numbering of every
fifth bar, will make this edition welcome to all students.
 Step VI. Concert Duets.

Heim, Ernst. Arena. A Collection of Duets for 2 Violins,

arranged in progressive order, carefully marked and
annotated:—
Book IX. 2 Concert Duets, by Spohr and H. Ries. (11809 s).
Book IXa. Concert Duets. Nos. 33 and 34 by Spohr, No. 35
by Mazas. (11809 a).
Book X. 3 Concert Duets by Spohr. (11810 s).
Book Xa. Concert Duets, by M. Hauptmann & L. Spohr.
(11810 a).
Spohr, L. Op. 3, 39, 67, 148, 150 and 153. 14 Grand Duets.
(7 Bks.).
These are the finest and most difficult duets for two violins.

Duets for Violin and Violoncello.

Kreutzer. Sonatas. Op. 16 and 17. 2 Bks. II.
Beethoven. 3 Duets. III.
Haydn, J. Duet in D. III.
Hoffmann, H. A. 6 Duos. Op. 5. III.
Leonard & Servais. Grand Duo de Concert (Airs Anglais). VI.

Duets for Violin and Organ.

Album. 10 Pieces. (2450).
Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 6. II. Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8. III. Nos. 4, 9 and 10.
IV.
Becker, A. Op. 20. Adagio. (2078). IV.
Henkel, H. 3 Tonsätze von J. S. Bach, arr. No. 1, Berceuse;
2, Sarabande; 3, Toccata. (7326). II.
Jensen, Gustav. Arioso e Rondo patetico. Op. 40. (5380). IV.
Lachner, I. 2 Pieces. Op. 66. No. 1, Andantino; 2, Nocturno.
IV.
Mozart. Andante Cantabile from Violin Concerto. Op. 121.
Arr. by I. Lachner. IV.
Rheinberger, J. Op. 150. 6 Pieces. No. 1, Theme with
variations; 2, Abendlied; 3, Gigue; 4, Pastorale; 5, Elegie;
6, Overture.
Spohr. Adagio from 9th Violin Concerto, arr. by I. Lachner. IV.

Pieces for Violin with

piano accompaniment.

Step I A. First Position, Elementary.

The simplest pieces only (rhythmically, as well as

technically) are included under this head, the melodies
being almost entirely either in minims and crotchets, or
in crotchets and quavers.

Palaestra. A Collection of Pieces, Sonatas, Suites, and

Concert Pieces for Violin Solo with Pianoforte
Accompaniment: arranged in progressive order, carefully
marked and annotated by Ernst Heim:—
An excellent collection of graduated pieces revised by
Ernst Heim, each book corresponds in difficulty with the
same book of his Violin Studies, “Gradus ad
Parnassum”, see page 111, and his Violin Duets,
“Arena”, see page 120.
Book Ia. Contents.—4 Pieces on the open strings by Ritter,
Reinecke, etc., and 7 easy Pieces in the easiest keys,
first position, by Ritter, Moffat, Aprile, Saint-George, etc.
(11471 a).
 Book Ib. 9 easy Pieces in the easiest keys, first position by
Moffat, Heim, Reinecke, and Gurlitt. (11471 b).
Book Ic. Supplement to Books a and b. Piece on the open
strings by Bordogni, and 9 easy Pieces in the easiest
keys by Moffat, Ritter, Concone, Stephen Heller,
Volkmann, Laubach, etc. (11471 c).

Fitzenhagen, W. Petits Morceaux. (Violin part within the

compass of a Fourth):—
Op. 38. No. 1. Ave Maria.

Heim, Ernst. Abecedarian in Violin Playing. Elementary

Pieces in progressive order. Nos. 1-25. Bk. 1. (11461 a).
Most useful and attractive collection for young beginners.

Hering, Carl. 16 Pieces in progressive order. Op. 14. Revised

and marked for teaching purposes by Ernst Heim. (11493).
Nos. 1-10. Nos. 11-16 belong to the following grade.
—Short Drawing Room Pieces.
A very attractive set beginning with a little prelude for the
open strings only. Book 1 contains 7 melodious little
pieces, books 2 and 3 belong to the next division.

Kreuz, E. Op. 25. 30 Melodies. 3 Bks. (7515 a-c).

Laubach, A. 3 Pieces (Menuetto, Nocturne [Ib], Marche
militaire).
Moffat, A. 6 Easy Pieces for young Violinists. (7525).
Rieding, O. 6 Easy Pieces.
Nocturne, Impromptu, Romance, Nos. 4, 5 and 6 belong to
Ib.
Ritter, E. W. 12 Short Pieces.
Book 1 contains three little pieces for the open strings only.
Book 2 utilizes only the 1st and 2nd fingers.
Book 3 introduces the 3rd, and Book 4 the 4th finger.
Wurm, Marie. Lullaby.
 Step Ib. First Position,
Easy and progressive.

In the easiest keys only, but containing a little more

movement and rhythmic variety.
Palaestra. A Collection of Pieces, Sonatas, Suites, and
Concert Pieces for Violin Solo with Pianoforte
Accompaniment; arranged in progressive order, carefully
marked and annotated by Ernst Heim:—
Book IIa. Easy Pieces in major and minor keys, and in the
first position, by Mendelssohn, Ritter, Laubach, and R.
Hofmann. (11472 a).
Book IIb. Easy Pieces in major and minor keys, and in the
first position, by R. Hofmann, Handel, and L. Nicole.
Occurrence of easy double-stopping, chords, and easy
ornaments, by Laubach, Meo, and Haydn. (11472 b).
Book IIc. Supplement to Books a and b. Pieces by
Wolfermann, Stephen Heller, Tschaïkowsky, Kreuz, and
Kullak. (11472 c).
An excellent Collection of Graduated Violin and Piano
pieces revised by Ernst Heim; each book corresponds
in difficulty with the same book of his Violin Duets,
“Arena”, see page 120, and his Violin Studies, “Gradus
ad Parnassum”, see page 111.
Beazley, J. C. 6 Little Pieces. Book 1, “A stray thought,” “On
the lake”, and “A happy moment”; Book 2, “Eventide”.
“Meditation” and “March”.
Clark, Scotson. Melody in A.
Danbé, J. 6 Petits Morceaux. Cantabile & Allegro, Petite
Valse, Caprice, Adagio and Rondo, Minuet, Petite
Barcarolle.
Melodious and attractive to young pupils.

Fitzenhagen, W. Petits Morceaux. (Violin part within the

compass of a fourth):—
3 Morceaux. Op. 38. No. 2, Barcarolle; No. 3. Mazurka.
 Morceaux. Op. 39. No. 1, Cavatine; No. 2, Ländler; No. 3,
Tarantelle.
Very effective little pieces within the compass of a fourth;
with very attractive piano accompaniments.

Gurlitt, C. Our Favorite Tunes. Melodies, Ancient and

Modern. (7375).
—Morceaux de Salon (faciles). Op. 146:—
Ländler, Neues Leben, Nocturno, Impromptu. (8677 a).
—Two miniature Sonatas (in first position). Op. 180 in F
and D. (7500).
An excellent introduction to concerted playing for musically
intelligent young beginners.
—The Chase. (Die Jagd.) Op. 190, No. 6.

Hauptmann, M. 3 Sonatinas. (7384).

The rudimentary features of the sonata form are here
packed into a very small compass indeed; all three
movements of No. 1 occupying only one page in the
violin part.

Heim, E. Abecedarian in Violin Playing. Elementary Pieces,

transcribed and arranged in progressive order.
Book II. Nos. 26-45. (11461 b).
Hering, Carl. 16 Pieces in progressive order. Nos. 11-16.
Op. 14. Revised and marked for teaching purposes by
Ernst Heim. (11493).
— 8 pieces. Op. 21. (Ernst Heim.) (11494).
— 10 Petits Morceaux. Op. 66. (7392).
— Short Drawing Room Pieces. Bks. 2 and 3.

Hermann, F. 50 favourite Melodies; the Violin Part in the first

position. (5465 c).
The same are also arranged for violin solo, (5465 a); 2
violins and piano, (5465 d); Violin, violoncello and piano.
(5465 f).
Hill, Claud H. Three Pieces. No. 1, Prelude; No. 2, Allegretto;
No. 3, Gavotte.
Hoby, C. Album of Duets. Romance, Bourrée, Fairy Tale, Alla
Mazurka.
Especially pleasing is No. 3. No. 1 contains a few bars only
playable to those prepared to enter on II.
Hofmann, Richard. Op. 101. No. 1, Animation.
—Potpourris on popular Melodies from classical and
modern operas and oratorios.
Adam. Der Postilion. (5401 c).
Bellini. Nachtwandlerin. (Sonnambula). (5402 c).
Bellini. Norma. (5403 c).
Boieldieu. Le Calife de Bagdad. (5404 c).
Boieldieu. La Dame Blanche. (5405 c).
Donizetti. La Fille du Régiment. (5406 c).
Donizetti. Lucia di Lammermoor. (5407 c).
Gluck. Orpheus. (5408 c).
Handel. The Messiah. (5409 c).
Haydn. The Creation. (5410 c).
Hérold. Zampa. (5411 c).
Lortzing. Wildschütz. (5412 c).
Lortzing. Czar und Zimmermann. (5413 c).
Méhul. Joseph. (5414 c).
Mendelssohn. St. Paul. (5415 c).
Mozart. Il Seraglio. (5416 c).
Mozart. Il Flauto Magico. (5417 c).
Mozart. Don Giovanni. (5418 c).
Weber. Der Freischütz. (5419 c).

Horrocks, A. E. Rigaudon.
Kayser. Op. 65. Exercises and Popular Melodies. (7398).
Kirchner, Th. 4 Albumblätter. (F. Hermann.) (7400).
Koch, F. Petite Suite. (Allegretto, Arietta, Scherzo,
Romanzetta, Alla Marcia.) Op. 12. (7508).
Kreuz, E. Op. 30. 6 easy Pieces. (7518).
— Op. 36. 6 easy Pieces. 2 Bks. (7519 a, b).
March Album, Book 1. Edited by Hermann. (8686 a).
Contains 14 Marches by Lully, Couperin, Rameau, Handel,
Haydn, &c.
Meo, Alfonso. The Dolly’s Dance.
Moffat, A. Album. 12 pieces (in the easier positions). (7524).
—English Classical Album. 12 Pieces for Violin, with
figured Bass, by English Masters of the 17th and 18th
centuries. (7523).
— 12 Classical Pieces (in the first position). 2 Books. (7526
a, b).
— 12 Pieces by English Masters of the 17th and 18th
Centuries. (7537).
These pieces are well written for the violin. They are,
moreover, melodious and have interesting
accompaniments.

Nicole, L. Minuet and Gavotte.

Our Favourite Tunes. From a collection of ancient and
modern Melodies by C. Gurlitt. Arranged by Fr. Hermann.
(7388).
Pleyel. Op. 8. 6 Duos. (Hermann). (7545).
Reinecke. Op. 122 a. 10 Petits Morceaux. (7541).
No. 9 belongs to II.
— Op. 213. 10 Petits Morceaux. (7542).
Characteristic little pieces with interesting piano part.
Rieding, Oskar. 6 Easy Pieces. Nos. 4, 5 and 6, “Tempo di
Valse”, “Polonaise” and “Air varié”.
Ritter, E. W. Brilliant Duets. (The Violin part in the first
position):—
No. 1. Variations on “The Carnival of Venice”. (7550 a).
 No. 2. Stradella, by Flotow. (7550 b).
No. 3. Variations. “Rule, Britannia”. (7550 c).
No. 4. Rondo, “The Bay of Biscay”
and “Hearts of Oak”. (7550 d).
No. 5. “Logie O’Buchan”. Fantasia. (7550 e).

— 12 Short Pieces:—Book IV. (For all four fingers.)

No. 8. March; No. 9, Gavotte; No. 10. Intermezzo; No. 11.
Romance; No. 12, Tarantella.
Schmitt, J. 2 Sonatinas. Edited and fingered by Emile
Thomas. (7572).
Taubert, W. Serenade. (M.F. 17)
Terschak, A. Popular Melodies:—
Vol. I. England. 18 Popular Melodies. (8698 a).
Vol. II. Scotland. 20 Popular Melodies. (8698 b).
Vol. III. Ireland. 18 Popular Melodies. (8698 c).
Tschaïkowsky. Favourite airs from the opera “Eugène
Onégin”. Arranged by V. Sorreno. (5469 a).
Volkmann. “In the Mill”. (No. 1 of “Musical Picture Book”).
(M.F. 59).
Wurm, Marie. March in D.

Step II. First four Positions.

Palaestra. A Collection of Pieces, Sonatas, Suites, and

Concert Pieces for Violin Solo with Pianoforte
Accompaniment; arranged in progressive order, carefully
marked and annotated by Ernst Heim:—
Book IIIa. Rather more difficult pieces in the first position;
Occurrence of chords, double-stopping, and ornaments:
3 Pieces by Saint-George and J. S. Bach. Employment
of the half position: 3 Pieces by Gurlitt, Reinecke, and
Scotson Clark. (11473 a).
 Book IIIb. Employment of the half position: 2 Pieces by
Dolmetsch and Schubert. Second position; changing
from first to second position: 4 Pieces by Crescentini,
Boccherini, Scotson Clark, and Senaillé. (11473 b).
Book IIIc. Supplement to Books A and B. Pieces by
Wolfermann, Scotson Clark, Nicole, Kullak, Loeschhorn,
and A. Krug. (11473 c).
Book IVa. Pieces up to the third position; change between
the first and third position without Portamento: Pieces
by J. S. Bach and Veracini. Change between first and
third positions with Portamento: Pieces by Mathilde
Heim-Brem, Strelezki, and Ignaz Lachner. (11474 a).
Book IVb. Pieces up to the third position: change between
the first, second, and third positions: Pieces by Gurlitt,
Haydn, and Ignaz Lachner. Change between the half,
first, second, and third positions: Pieces by Handel and
Mendelssohn. (11474 b).
Book IVc. Supplement to Books A and B. Pieces by F.
David, A. Jensen, De Bériot, H. Ries, and N. W. Gade.
(11474 c).
An excellent Collection of Graduated Violin and piano
pieces revised by Ernst Heim; each book corresponds
in difficulty with the same book of his Violin Duets,
“Arena”, see page 121 and his Violin Studies, “Gradus
ad Parnassum”, see page 112.

Adam, A. Christmas. (M.F. 108).

Agrell, J. Sonata, edited by W. Abert. (11305).
Albums. Arranged by F. Hermann, containing pieces by
modern composers:—
Vol. XV. Strelezki, Minuet à l’Antique; Arensky, Serenade;
Dobrzynsky, Les Larmes; Gautier, Le Secret; Raff,
Chanson Suisse, Rubinstein, Barcarole; Squire,
Gavotte Humoristique; Field, Notturno; Weber,
Maienblümchen Walzer. 7322 p).
Album Opératique. Vol. 1. 12 Melodies; Vol. 2. 15 Melodies.
(8689 a, b).
Ariosti, Attilio. 6 Sonatas Lezioni for Viola d’amore,
transcribed by G. Saint-George. (11311 a-f).
Atkinson, J. A. Petite Valse. Op. 1.
Bach, Emanuel. Solfegietto. Arr. by Oscar Wagner.
Bach, J. S. Gavotte in D. (Hermann, C. V. M. 9).
— Gavotte from 6th Sonata. (9401 c).
— Fifth Prelude from “Das Wohltemperirte Klavier”. F.
Hermann. (M.F. 95).
— My heart ever faithful. F. Hermann. (M.F. 115)

Beazley, J. C. Sonatina in F.
— Sonatina in D minor. (7327).

Beethoven. Andante Cantabile from Trio. Op. 97. (M. F. 98).

Bennett, W. Sterndale. The Lake. (M.F. 78).
Boccherini, L. Minuet in A.
Brooks, W. Op. 48. Album Lyrique. 4 Pieces. (7333).
Burgmüller. 3 Nocturnes. (8673).
Busoni. Op. 28. Bagatellen. No. 3. (2449).
Christmas-Album. 10 Pieces suitable for Christmastide,
arranged by F. Hermann. Albums, Vol. XIV. (7322 o).
Adam, Christmas; Gruber, Tyrolese Christmas Hymn; Bach, Aria
from the Christmas Oratorio; Gurlitt, Andante religioso; Reinecke,
Chorus of Angels; Goltermann, Berceuse; Grieg, Christmas Song;
Bortnianski, Adoration; Mendelssohn, Christmas Piece; Gounod,
L’Angelus.

Clark, S. Marche aux Flambeaux. (9403 a).

— Marche indienne. (9403 b).
— Marche militaire. (9403 c).
— Procession March. (9403 d).
— Pilgrims’ March. (9403 e).
— Meditation.
 — Melody in D.
— 12 Morceaux (Original pieces). (7350).
One or two are for those entering Step III, but all are easy.
Clementi, C. 6 Sonatinas. Op. 36. Violin part by M. Reger.
(7351).
Courvoisier, C. Bagatelles. 6 petites Pièces. Op. 35. (9404).
— Recreations. Easy Pieces. Op. 48. (Pastorale, Gavotte
and Musette, Romance, Scherzo, Barcarolle, Waltz.)
(7355).
Czibulka. Gavotte de la Princesse. Arr. par Fr. Hermann,
(9406 g).
D’Alquen, F. Nocturne in G.
Dancla, J. C. 12 Mélodies. Arr. by C. Gurlitt. (7361).
David, Ferd. Gondellied. (Hermann.) (M.F. 69). Kinderlied.
(Hermann). (M.F. 12). Remembrance (Souvenir.)
De-Angelis, G. Due Pezzi facili. Op.9. (Berceuse, Gavotta.)
(7325).
Diabelli. Sonata in F. (W. Abert.) (11373).
— Sonata in G. (E. Thomas.) (7347).
Dolmetsch, A. Romance.
Dorn, Ed. Grande Marche impériale. (9406 a).
D’Ourville, Leon. Gondolina. Arranged by E. Thomas.
— Soirées Musicales. Arranged by R. Hofmann:—The Mill.
The Smithy. Spinning Song. Swing Song.

Dussek. Op. 20. 6 Sonatinas. (2507).

Gade, N. W. Elegie. (M.F. 13). Spring-flower. (M.F. 32)
Gautier, L. Le Secret. (M.F. 114).
Gavotte Album. 14 of the most celebrated Italian, French,
and German Gavottes by Corelli, Couperin, Rameau,
Bach, Handel, Martini, Gluck, &c. F. Hermann). (8687).
Gluck, C. W. Andantino affettuoso (Jensen, V. 22).
Gounod, C. L’Angelus, arranged by F. Hermann. (M.F. 113).
— Minuet, arranged by Cornelius Gurlitt.
Goltermann, G. Op. 114. Sonatine in F. (7381).
Gungl, J. Oberländler. (M.F. 19).
Gurlitt, C. Morceaux de Salon (faciles). Op. 146:—
Bk. II. Ländlicher Tanz, Elegie, Aufschwung, Romanze.
(8677 b).
Bk. III. Barcarolle, Andante religioso, Fantasie, Capriccio.
(8677 c).
Pleasing and useful teaching pieces, Book III containing
the most difficult of the set, leading into next Step. Also
published folio size in separate Nos. — Snow-flakes
(Schneeflocken). Short Pieces. Op. 164:—
Book I. Humoreske, Notturno, Ständchen, Bauerntanz.
(7382 a).
Book II. Elegie, Canzonetta, Impromptu, Ländler. (7382 b).
Book III. Rêverie, Intermezzo, Adagio. Valse noble. (7382
c).
Twelve pleasing and graceful teaching pieces, also in
separate Nos.
— Idylle in D.
— Op. 190, No. 7. “Under the Village Lime-Tree”.
— Andantino in B flat, from the Sonatina, Op. 134, No. 2.
Handel, G. F. 2 Suites, arranged by G. Jensen:—
No. 1 in D. (7378 a) No. 2 in E minor. (7378 b).
Jensen has been particularly happy in the selection of the
pieces which form these Suites and his thorough
knowledge of the great master’s style has enabled him
to provide accompaniments which breathe Handelian
spirit, and are in themselves full of interest.
— Adagio religioso ed Allegro (Jensen, V. 19).
— Sonata III. (A maj.). Arr. by F. Hermann. (7376).
 — Sonata XII. (F. maj.). (Dr. Riemann.) (7502).
— Sonatas for Flute with Basso continuo, arranged; with
marks of expression by Gustav Jensen. (7385).
— Sarabande. (M.F. 96).
Hartog, Henri. Les Cloches. 5me Morceau de Salon.
Haydn, J. Serenade. (Jensen. V. 2).
— Adagio recitativo. (Jensen. V. 3).
— Ox Minuet. (M.F. 43).
Hauptmann. Sonata. Op. 6. (F. Hermann.) (7383).
Hauser. Die Plume (Preghiera). (M.F. 55).
— Dorflied. (M.F. 56).
Heim, Ernst. Abendlied (Evening Song).
Hennessy, Swan. Op. 7. “In the Mountains”.
Two poetical little pieces entitled “Mittagsstille” (Noon), and
“Zwiegespräch” (Duet in Canon).
Henkel, H. Sicilienne.
Henselt, A. La Fontaine. (M.F. 35).
Hermann, F. Sonatina in G. (7389 a).
— Op. 28, No. 2. Sonatina in D. (7390 a).
— Dance Movements from the works of Great Masters.
The following are suitable for this Step:—
Bach, Sarabande. (7387 a).
Cherubini. Ballet music. (7387 h).
Handel, Scherzo. (7387 b).
Gluck, Musette. (7387 l).
Hoffmann, J. Cantilena in A.
Hofmann, Richard. Op. 78. 4 Pieces:—Scherzino, Romance,
Gavotte. Minuet.
 — 8 Vortragsstücke. Op. 103:—No. 1. Intermezzo. 5.
Berceuse.
— Three Short Pieces, Op. 110; No. 3. Scherzo.
— Wiegenlied (E. Heim).
Hofmann. Potpourris on popular Melodies from classical and
modern operas and oratorios.
Balfe. The Bohemian Girl. (5420 c).
Beethoven. Egmont. (5421 c).
Beethoven. Fidelio. (5422 c).
Donizetti. L’Elisire d’amore. (5423 c).
Donizetti. Lucrezia Borgia. (5424 c).
Gluck. Iphigénie en Aulide. (5425 c).
Handel. Judas Maccabaeus. (5426 c).
Kreutzer. Das Nachtlager in Granada. (5427 c).
Marschner. Hans Heiling. (5428 c).
Mendelssohn. A Midsummer Night’s Dream. (5429 c).
Mendelssohn. Elijah. (5430 c).
Meyerbeer. Les Huguenots. (5431 c).
Meyerbeer. Le Prophète. (5432 c).
Mozart. Le Nozze di Figaro. (5433 c).
Nicolai. Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor. (5434 c).
Wallace. Maritana. (5435 c).
Weber. Oberon. (5436 c).
Weber. Preciosa. (5437 c).

Holländer, G. Op. 3. Spinnerlied.

Jansa, L. Op. 54. Concertino. (7391).
— “Les Fleurs des Opéras”, edited and fingered by
Courvoisier. 20 Bks. (7441-7460).
— Second Series. 7 Books. (7463-7469).

Jensen, A. Ländler. (M.F. 8).

Jensen. Wanderbilder. 2 Bks. (2129 a, b).
Nos. 7, 10, 11 of these charming pieces belong to III.
Kayser. 36 Elementary and Progressive Studies, Op. 20
(introductory to those of Kreutzer), revised by E. Heim.
Books I and II. (7397 a, b).
Book III belongs to the following step.
Kearne, L. Canzonetta.
Kirchner, F. Op. 184 a. Slumber Song.
— Hunting Sketch, No. 3. Op. 608.

Kirchner, Th. Feuillet d’Album. (M.F. 15).

Kreuz, Emil. Chant d’amour. Op. 44, No. 2.
Kuhlau, F. Sonatines. Op. 88. (Emile Thomas):—No. 1, en Ut
(in C). 3. en La bémol (in A minor).
Lachner, I. Op. 93. 3 Morceaux de Salon: No. 2. Tarantelle; 3.
Danse des Matelots. (7511 b, c).
No. 1, Nocturne belongs to III.
— Op. 108. 4 Duos. Nocturne, Grande Polonaise,
Ländliche Idylle (Country Idyll), Böhmischer Original-
Bauerntanz (Bohemian Peasants’ Dance).
— Op. 94. No. 1, Siesta; No. 2, Grande Polonaise.
— Op. 99. Sonatina in A. (7503).
— Op. 100. Sonatina in B♭. (7504).
— Op. 101. Sonatina in G. (7505).
Three excellent sonatinas for young pupils.
Lachner’s music recalls much of the spirit of Haydn,—it is
straightforward, healthy and genial in character. The
influence of Schumann and the somewhat complicated
rhythmical feeling introduced by many modern German
composers into their otherwise technically easy pieces
(rendering them difficult to be understood by young
beginners who are not specially gifted) are here
conspicuous by their absence.

Langer. G. Op. 20. “Grossmütterchen.” Ländler.

Laubach, F. 24 Scottish Songs, arranged. (7513).
Lee, Maurice. Cantilena.—Gavotte de Louis XV.—Rêve
céleste, Morceau de Salon.
— Gavotte du Duc de Richelieu. (9406 f).
— Sylvana. Menuet. (9406 c).
Liszt. F. Consolation. (M.F. 16).
Lully. J. B. Entrée de l’Opéra, “Les Songes funestes d’Atys”.
(Hermann, C.V.M. 5).
— Gavotte et Rondeau d’Alceste. (A minor). (Hermann,
C.V.M. 6).

March Album. Bk. 2. Edited by Hermann. (8686 b). Contains

5 Marches by Beethoven, 3 by Cherubini, and 1 by
Lesueur.
Martini, G. B. Gavotta. (Jensen, V. 16).
Mendelssohn. 4 Marches (Wedding March, War March,
March from Italian Symphony, Lied ohne Worte in E
minor). Bk. 5 of March Albums. (8686 e).
— Christmas Piece. Op. 72. No. 2. (M.F. 112).
Meo, Alfonzo. The Cubanese Dance.
Moffat, A. Bourrée et Musette. Gigue anglaise. Hebridean
Jorram (Hebriden Schifferlied). Mélodie élégiaque.
Pierrette. Danse Gracieuse. Fantasia on English Airs.
Fantasia on Irish Melodies.
Mozart, W. A. Allegretto (Sonata in G). (7324 c).
— Rondo (Sonata in F). (7324 c).
— Sonata in D arranged from the Pianoforte Duet Sonata,
Op. 3, No. 1, by W. Abert. (11566).
— Romanze aus der “Nacht-Musik” (Jensen, V. 17).
Nölck, A. Berceuse. Op. 92.
Our Favorite Tunes. (Hermann.) (7388).
Nos. 1, 2, 5 and 14 belong to I b).
Papini, G. Deux Airs Napolitains. No. 1 in D; No. 2 in D.
Pergolese, G. B. Air. (M.F. 116).
Pleyel. Op. 48. Six Sonatinas. (F. Hermann.) (7546).
Porpora, Niccolo. La Chasse. Pianoforte Accompaniment,
arranged from the original figured Bass by A. Moffat.
Poznanski, J. B. La Paresse.
Rameau, J. P. Menuet et Passepieds de “Castor et Pollux”.
(Hermann, C.V.M. No. 7).
— Rigodon (Dardanus). (M.F. 99).
— Rigodon en Rondeau (Dardanus). (M.F. 100).
Reber, H. Berceuse in G.
Reinecke, C. Miniature Sonatina in C. Op. 122, No. 9.
— Sonate miniature, in B minor.
— 2 Miniature Sonatas (in first position). Op. 213. Nos. 11
& 12. (7543).
These four sonatinas would suitably follow those of Gurlitt under I.
— Abendgebet. (M.F. 18).
— Tears (Thränen). (M.F. 40).
— Chant d’amour. (M.F. 51).
— Farandole. (M.F. 86).
Rheinberger, J. Masurek. (M.F. 20).
Ries, F. Sonatinas in F, in A minor, and in C. (Thomas).
(7547).
Roeckel, J. L. Croquis musicaux. 6 Morceaux. 2 Books.
(7563 a, b).
No. 1. À l’antique. No. 2. Mazourka-Caprice. No. 3. Simple
Mélodie. No. 6. Sous la lune.
Nos. 4 and 5 belong to III.
— Air du Dauphin. (9406 d).
— La Kermesse de St. Cloud. (9406 e).
Rubinstein, A. Romance (F). (M.F. 24).
Saint-George. L’ancien régime. Petite Suite. (7570a).
— Entre nous. Morceau de Salon.—Tristesse.—Vieille
Histoire.
Schmitt, J. Sonatina in C. (E. Thomas).
Schubert. Three Sonatinas. (E. Thomas). (7571).
No. 1 in D, No. 3 in G; No. 2 belongs to III.
— Moment musical. (M.F. 5).
— Ballet de Rosamonde. (M.F. 28).
— Menuet favori. (M.F. 52).
— Divertissement à la hongroise. (M.F. 93).
— Am Meer. Arr. by Emile Thomas.
— Romance from “Rosamonde.” Arr. by Emile Thomas.
— Serenade. Arr. by Emile Thomas.
Schubert, F. (Dresden). Cantabile. (M.F. 84).
— Romanza espressiva. (M.F. 101).
Schumann, R. Schlummerlied. (M.F. 26).
— “Revery” and “At the Fireside” (Hermann).
— Album. 56 Pieces arr. by F. Hermann. (7574).
— Scenes of Childhood (Kinderscenen). Easy Pieces. Op.
15. Arranged by F. Hermann. (7575).
Nos. 12 and 13 belong to IV.
— Album for the Young (Jugend-Album). Op. 68. Arranged
by F. Hermann. (7576).
No. 4 belongs to Ia. Nos. 2, 23 and 42 to Ib. No. 22 to III,
and 33 to IV.
Schytte, L. Berceuse. (M.F. 82).
Senaillé, J. B. Aria in G minor. (Jensen, V. 7).
— Sonate. (Jensen). (7405).
Simon, A. Berceuse. Edited and fingered by Ernst Heim.