CHAPTER 10-Foundation of the Mughal Empire

A.
1. that the Mughal army was more disciplined and loyal than the army of the sultanate
2. Rana Sanga of Mewar and Babur
3. Battle of Chausa and Battle of Kanauj
4. the title deed issued by the empire to a peasant after the assessment of the land
5. Afghan rule in India

B.
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True

C.
1. Farghana
2. Medini Rai
3. sarkars
4. muqaddam
5. Sasaram

D.

1. The First Battle of Panipat, the Battle of Khanwa, the Battle of Chanderi, and the Battle of
Ghaghara are the four battles that Babur had to fight in order to lay the foundations of the
Mughal Empire in India.

2. Babur’s victory in the Battle of Khanwa in 1527 against Rana Sanga of Mewar and the other
Rajput chieftains gave Babur a stronghold over the Delhi-Agra region. With the defeat of the
Rajputs, one of the most potent challenges to the consolidation of the Mughal rule was eliminated,
and Babur continued to capture a number of forts such as Gwalior, Dholpur, and Alwar.

3. Humayun perceived the Afghans under Sher Khan as the most difficult challenge. Therefore, he
laid siege on the fort of Chunar as it was a stronghold of Sher Shah Suri.

4. The Battle of Kanauj marked the ultimate defeat of Humanyun to the Afghans under Sher Shah
Suri.

5. Qila Rohtas and Purana Qila are two monuments that were constructed during the reign of Sher
Shah Suri.

E.
1. Tuzuk-i-Baburi, the autobiographical work of Babur, is considered one of the most valuable sources
of the Mughal history. Written in the Turkish language, it not only recounts the adventures and
achievements of its author but presents a unique insight into his interests, tastes, and sensibilities.
Through his prose memoirs,

2. Humayun had to face many challenges from the very beginning of his reign, with the growing
power of the Afghans in eastern India being the gravest of them. Despite being defeated by Babur
in the Battle of Ghaghara, the Afghans reorganized themselves in Bihar and Bengal. Their leader
Sher Khan posed a major threat to the supremacy of the Mughal Empire. Bahadur Shah, the ruler
of Gujarat and Malwa, also emerged as a formidable power.

3.
Humayun was neither a great conquerer nor a great ruler. He faced many challenges in his brief
rule as a Mughal Emperor. While Humayun inherited a vast kingdom from his father, he lacked
foresight and the military acumen to consolidate it. During Humayun's reign, Bahadur Shah, the
ruler of Gujarat, became very powerful. Even though he shared territory with his half brothers
Kamran, Hindal, and Aksari, they were not happy with their own territories and wanted to capture
Delhi. Most importantly, he faced a major threat from Afghan general Sher Khan. His faulty
strategies eased the victory of Sher Shah Suri.

4.
Sher Shah Suri brought about many changes in the revenue system by introducing a number of
reforms in tax determination and collection. A system of land assessment was set up by him,
according to which all cultivable lands were measured and categorized into good, average, and
bad on the basis of fertility. The revenue rate was fixed at one-third of the produce. The peasants
could pay the taxes either in cash or in kind.

5.
Sher Shah Suri’s military system was indebted to the military measures taken by Alauddin
Khalji. Many systems that were originally introduced by Khalji were adopted by Sher Shah. Like
Khalji, Sher Shah carefully selected all his soldiers and had them undergo rigorous training.
Fixed salary was paid to soldiers in the form of cash. Dagh (the system of branding horses) and
chehra (descriptive roll of the soldiers) were also employed by Sher Shah Suri for better military
organization.
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