AI

Artificial intelligence is a technology using which

we can create intelligent systems that can
simulate human intelligence.
 Machine Learning
●
Arthur Samuel, an early American leader in the field of computer
gaming and artificial intelligence, coined the term “Machine Learning
” in 1959 while at IBM. He defined machine learning as “the field of
study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly
programmed “. However, there is no universally accepted definition
for machine learning
●
Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence focused
on training machine learning algorithms with data sets to produce
machine learning models capable of performing complex tasks, such
as sorting images, forecasting sales, or analyzing big data.
 AI vs. ML
Artificial Intelligence
➢
The goal of AI is to make a smart computer system
like humans to solve complex problems.
➢
In AI, we make intelligent systems to perform any
task like a human.
➢
ML and deep learning are the main subsets of AI.
➢
AI has a very wide range of scope.
➢
AI is working to create an intelligent system which
can perform various complex tasks.
➢
AI system is concerned about maximizing the
chances of success.
➢
The main applications of AI are Siri, customer
support using catboats, Expert System, Online
game playing, intelligent humanoid robot, etc.
➢
On the basis of capabilities, AI can be divided into
three types, which are, Weak AI, General AI, and
Strong AI.
➢
It includes learning, reasoning, and self-correction.
➢
AI completely deals with Structured, semi-
structured, and unstructured data.
Machine learning
➢
The goal of ML is to allow machines to learn from
data so that they can give accurate output.
➢
In ML, we teach machines with data to perform a
particular task and give an accurate result.
➢
Deep learning is a main subset of machine learning.
➢
ML has a limited scope.
➢
ML is working to create machines that can perform
only those specific tasks for which they are trained.
➢
ML is mainly concerned about accuracy and
patterns.
➢
The main applications of ML are Online
recommender system, Google search algorithms,
Facebook auto friend tagging suggestions, etc.
➢
Machine learning can also be divided into mainly
three types that are Supervised learning,
Unsupervised learning, and Reinforcement learning.
➢
It includes learning and self-correction when
introduced with new data.
➢
Machine learning deals with Structured and semi-
structured data.
Workflow of ML
 Classification of Machine Learning
●
Machine learning implementations are classified into
three major categories, depending on the nature of
the learning “signal” or “response” available to a
learning system which are as follows:
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Supervised learning:
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Unsupervised learning:
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Reinforcement learning
 Supervised learning
●
Supervised learning is the machine learning task of learning
a function that maps an input to an output based on
example input-output pairs. The given data is labeled . Both
classification and regression problems are supervised
learning problems .
●
Example — Consider the following data regarding patients
entering a clinic . The data consists of the gender and age of
the patients and each patient is labeled as “healthy” or “sick”
 Supervised learning

Initially taken some data and marked them as ‘Spam’ or ‘Not Spam’. This labeled
data is used by the training supervised model, this data is used to train the model.
 Unsupervised learning
●
Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning
algorithm used to draw inferences from datasets
consisting of input data without labeled responses. In
unsupervised learning algorithms, classification or
categorization is not included in the observations.
Example: Consider the following data regarding
patients entering a clinic. The data consists of the
gender and age of the patients.
 Unsupervised learning

Given some characters to our model which are ‘Ducks’ and ‘Not Ducks’. In our
training data, we don’t provide any label to the corresponding data. The
unsupervised model is able to separate both the characters by looking at the type
of data and models the underlying structure or distribution in the data in order to
learn more about it.
 Reinforcement learning
●
Reinforcement learning is a feedback-based learning method,
in which a learning agent gets a reward for each right action
and gets a penalty for each wrong action. The agent learns
automatically with these feedbacks and improves its
performance. In reinforcement learning, the agent interacts with
the environment and explores it. The goal of an agent is to get
the most reward points, and hence, it improves its performance.
●
The robotic dog, which automatically learns the movement of
his arms, is an example of Reinforcement learning.
 Reinforcement learning
The agent is given 2 options i.e. a
path with water or a path with fire. A
reinforcement algorithm works on
reward a system i.e. if the agent
uses the fire path then the rewards
are subtracted and agent tries to
learn that it should avoid the fire
path. If it had chosen the water path
or the safe path then some points
would have been added to the
reward points, the agent then would
try to learn what path is safe and
what path isn’t.
It is basically leveraging the
rewards obtained, the agent
improves its environment
knowledge to select the next action.