QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR MIDTERM EXAM - ME315A.

1
(REPEATERS)

MEMBERS:
ABALDE, SHINNY LIZA
ANDRADA, JOHN LLOYD
AROGANCIA, CORRAINE HEART
EDULAN, SORAYAH MAE
LABITAD, RODEL
LAYAGON, AZELIA
LOBIDO, RHEA MARIE
MARMITO, BRIAN
PITOGO, JILLEAR JHON
RAMOS, REY STEPHEN
VARGAS, JOHN DERICK

A. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION - DETERMINE THE DEGREE AND ORDER

OF THE FOLLOWING:
�²� ��
1. + ( )² + 4� = 0
��² ��

Answer: Order: 2, Degree: 1

�³y ��
2. ��³
− 3 ( �� ) + 2� = �²

Answer: Order: 2, Degree: 1

�³� ��
3. ��³
− (
��
) 1/2 = 0

Answer: Order: 3, Degree: 2

B. TAYLOR AND MACLAURIN SERIES
1. Find the Maclaurin Series for tan-1 (x)
Answer
Let f(x) = tan-1(x)
1
f’(x) = 1 + �²
2�
f’’(x) = − (1 + �²)²
2� 8�²
f’’’(x) = − (1 + �²)² + (1 + �²)³
8� 16� 48�³
f’’’’(x) = + − (1 + �²)4
(1 + �²)³ (1 + �²)³
Therefore
f(0) = tan-1(0) = 0
f’(0) = 1
f’’(0) = 0
f’’’(0) = -2
f’’’’(0) = 0

2. Find the Taylor Series for e-x2 centered at 0 and its interval of
convergence
Answer
�2 �3 ∞ � �
1 + x + 2!
+ 3!
+ ..... = � = 0 �!

∞ (−�2)� ∞ �2�
�=0
= �=0
( − 1 )�
�! �!
�2� + 2
(−1 )� + 1 �2 1
(�+1)! 2
lim �2�
= lim = � lim = 0
�→∞ (−1)� �→∞�+1 �→∞�+1
�!

Interval: (-∞, ∞)

3. Write 3 − � in polar form

Answer

3 − � = 32 + ( − 1)2

= 3+1 = 2
−1 5�
Θ = tan-1 ( 3
) =
6
5�
Therefore 3 − � = 2�� 6
C. BRACKETING METHOD
1. Determine the real roots of f(x) = −0.6x2 + 2.4x + 5.5
(a) Graphically
Answer

(b) Using the quadratic formula

Answer
−� ± �2 − 4��
x = 2�

−2.4 ± 2.42 − (4�(−0.6)(5.5)

x = 2(−0.6)

x = -1.625, 5.625

(c) Using three iterations of the bisection method to determine

the highest root. Employ initial guesses of xl = 5 and xu = 10.
Compute the estimated error εa and the true error εt after each
Iteration
Answer
1st Iteration
�� + �1 5 + 10
xnew = 2
= 2
= 7.5

xold = x1 = 5
xnew − xold xr − xnew
εa = (100) εt = (100)
xnew xr
7.5 − 5 5.625 − 7.5
= 7.5
(100) = 33.33 = 5.625
(100) = 33.33
 2nd Iteration
�� + �1 7.5 + 5
xnew = 2
= 2
= 6.25
�� − ����
εt = (100)
��
5.625 − 6.25
= 5.625
(100) = 11.11

3rd Iteration
�� + �1 6.25 + 5
xnew = 2
= 2
= 5.625

xold = 6.25
xnew − xold xr − xnew
εa = (100) εt = (100)
xnew xr
5.625 − 6.25 5.625 − 5.625
= 5.625
(100) = 11.11 = 5.625
(100) = 0

Final Root = 5.625

2. Determine the real root of f(x) = 4x3 − 6x2 + 7x − 2.3

(a) Graphically
Answer
 (b) Using bisection to locate the root. Employ initial guesses of
xl = 0 and xu = 1 and iterate until the estimated error εa falls
below a level of εs = 10%
Answer
f(n) = 4n3 − 6n2 + 7n − 2.3
nl = 0, nu = 1, ε = 10%
f(0) = -2.3
1+0 �� + ��
f(1) = 2.7 f(0) f(1) < 0 → n1 = 2
= 2

�1 = 0.5
��+�1 0+0.25
f(0.5) = 0.2 f(0.5) f(0) < 0 → n2 = =
2 2

�2 = 0.25
�1+�2 0.5+0.25
f(0.25)= -0.8625 f(0.5) f(0.2) < 0 → n3 = =
2 2

�3 = 0.375
�1+�3 0.5+0.375
f(0.375)= -0.30781 f(0.375)f(0.5)<0→n4 2
= 2

�4 = 0.4375
�1+�4 0.5+0.4375
f(0.4375)= -0.0509 f(n4)f(n1) < 0 → n5 2
= 2

�5 = 0.46875
�4+�5 0.4375+0.46875
f(0.46875)= 0.0748 f(n5)f(n4) <0→n6 =
2 2

�6 = 0.453125
�5−�6
Error = �5
= 3.33%

Therefore the root is n = 0.435125

3. Determine the real root of x3.5 = 80

(a) with the false-position method to within εs = 2.5%. Use initial
guesses of 2.0 and 5.0.
Answer
1st Iteration
�(�� ) (��−�� )
xr = xu − �(�� ) − �(�� )
�(5) (2−5) (199.5085) (−3)
�� = 5 − �(2) − �(5)
= 5 − −68.6862 − 199.5085
= 2.7683
2nd Iteration
�(�� ) (��−�� )
xr = xu − �(�� ) − �(�� )
�(5) (2.7683−5) (7) (−2.23168)
�� = 5 − �(2.7683) − �(5)
= 5 − −44.70153 − 7
= 3.1768
���� − ����
�� = ����
x 100
3.17682 − 2.7638
�� = 3.17682
x 100 = 12.859%

3rd Iteration
�(�� ) (��−�� )
xr = xu − �(�� ) − �(�� )
�(5) (3.17682−5) (7) (−1.82318)
�� = 5 − �(3.17682) − �(5)
= 5 −
−22.85572 − 7
= 3.36421
���� − ����
�� = ����
x 100
3.36421 − 3.17682
�� = 3.36421
x 100 = 5.57%

4th Iteration
�(�� ) (��−�� )
xr = xu − �(�� ) − �(�� )
�(5) (3.3641−5) (7) (−1.6359)
�� = 5 − �(3.3641) − �(5)
= 5 −
−10.16193 − 7
= 3.44349
���� − ����
�� = ����
x 100
3.44349 − 3.36421
�� = 3.44349
x 100 = 2.302%

Final Root = 3.44349