PRACTICE TEST 14-8

I. LISTENING
Part 1. You will hear part of an interview with a music journalist called Pip Rogers and a musician
called Heath Francis about the renewed popularity of vinyl records. For questions 1- 6, choose the
best answer (A, B, C or D).
1. What surprised Pip about the comeback of vinyl records?
A It has not created as much income as expected.
B It is happening only now rather than in the 1990s.
C. Some of the old record factories haven’t closed down.
D Vinyl manufacturers are struggling to meet demand.
2. In Heath's opinion, what is the main attraction of records?
A. They are an object you can possess.
B. They can become a serious hobby.
C. They are often cheaper than CDs.
D. They are durable and long lasting.
3. What does Pip say about young people and records?
A. They prefer listening to current music on records
B. Vinyl records offer them a novel experience.
C. They are frustrated by vinyl because of its limitations.
D They have alternative ways of expressing their musical tastes.
4. When asked about the future of records, Pip reveals she is
A. confident that people will want to invest in the industry
B. unsure whether the requirements for growth will be met.
C. concerned people will lose interest in vinyl eventually.
D. surprised that vinyl is perceived as a passing trend.
5. What both Pip and Health appreciate about digital music is
A. not having to pay for every song you hear.
B. being able to listen to music anywhere.
C. having access to a wide variety of music.
D. being able to share music instantaneously.

Part 2. Listen to a podcast on climate change and decide whether the following statements are True (T),
False (F), or Not Given (NG) according to what you hear.
1.___F______ A 1.5 degree rise in temperature makes virtually no difference to the world we are living in.
2.____t_____ There is little likelihood of the aviation undergoing carbon neutral due to some governments’
objections.
3.___ng______ Every year, the number of people suffering from diseases related to exceptional heatwaves
increases by 65 million.
4.___t______ Notwithstanding the melted ice rivers, the number of people lacking water for daily lives will
increase twofold.
5.___t______ Continually rising carbon emission is synonymous with a world ridden with disasters.

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Part 3. Listen to a talk about the unique characteristics of glass and fill each blanks with NO MORE
THAN FOUR WORDS.
Glass is technically known as any (1)__rigid amorphous solid___, whose structures of atoms and molecules
are in disorder.
In ice, the water molecules (2)___tuck on____ each other and lock themselves into a repeating crystal pattern.
As glass cools, its molecules (3)___contract_ until they stop moving altogether.
One study from 2017 estimated that if a cathedral were to stand at room temperature for a billion years, it’s
glass would flow (4)_____just a single nanometer___.
Another research team from Spain examined samples of 110 million-year-old amber, a naturally occurring
variety of glass (5)___derive from tree sap____, and found that over its long existence it had become about
(6)____2% denser__________.
Glass, if cooled slowly and infinitely until it hardens, would have (7)___intrepid as low as____ like a
crystal’s.
Non-ideal glass is thought to be riddled with two-level systems, which, when going near absolute zero, can
(8)__ quantum tunnel between configuration_____, absorbing heat in the process.
In a very different glassmaking technique that makes use of (9)____ vapor deposition__, glass is built one
molecule at a time.
Old cathedral glass is believed to be thicker at the bottom because it’s (10)__sagged over time____. However,
that’s just due to the technique used to make the glass.

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentences. (20 points)
1. Walking down the street, I noticed that_________ had a beautiful garden.
A. entire houses B. either of the houses
C. each and every house D. enough houses
2. The fire spread quickly, leaving devastation in its _________.
A. zone B. blaze C. wake D. line
3. The dog’s owner has no idea what may have _________ the attack.
A. spelled B. provoked C. embodied D. heralded
4. I’m not sure I believe Jason’s story- it is a bit_________.
A. plausible B. inhospitable C. far-fetched D. endless
5. His health was gradually ________ by drink and drugs.
A. ravaged B. injured C. destroyed D. rectified
6. ________, I had to buy a new one.
A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary had been lost
C. My dictionary having been lost D. Because my dictionary lost
7. The sheep were huddled into a ____________ to protect them from overnight frosts.
A. cage B. kennel C. pen D. hutch
8. We stand on the ____________ of a new era in space exploration.
A. threshold B. basis C. brink D. surface
9. Three lives were lost in an accident at the____________ of a driver who had been drinking.

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 A. mercy B. expense C. high D. hands
10. The _______ of chickens in cages is cruel, so many farmers allow them to wander freely.
A. constraint B. confinement C. distress D. slaughter
11. We can’t always rely on ________ on time.
A. the buses that arriving B. the arriving of buses
C. the buses to arrive D. the buses’ arriving
12. The ________ of marriage in Viet Nam remains popular in spite of the high divorce rate recently.
A. state B. habit C. practice D. institution
13. At the ________ of organizing committee, personnel must wear their identity badges at all time.
A. request B. assistance C. demands D. interests
14. IU is known for being a ________ girl who can take the roles of a singer, a song writer and an actress as well.
A. versatile B. changeable C. variable D. diverse
15. This isn’t a family any longer, no one seems to care about solving ________ problem.
A. anyone’s else B. anyone else’s C. any other D. any other’s
16. Since the torture scandal several months ago, there have been ill ________ between area residents and police.
A. emotions B. feelings C. affections D. sensation
17. The new development project of Phu Ly city has begun to ________ on the surrounding green belt.
A. enter B. intrude C. encroach D. reach
18. Ha Nam has been attracting foreign investment due to the present favorable political ________ of the province.
A. temperature B. climate C. state D. weather
19. Don’t worry, Will’s been going through a rebellious phase as any other teenager. He’ll gradually ________ it.
A. grow into B. get through to
C. grow out of D. get on with it
20. I’ve ________ as inconsiderate a person as Chander.
A. ever to have met B. been met
C. yet to meet D. never been meeting
Part 2. Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the
corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes.
LINE
1 Large animals inhabit the desert have evolved adaptations for reducing
2 the effects of extreme hot. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect
3 the Sun's rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian
4 practice of maintaining a constantly body temperature. Instead of try to keep
5 down the body temperature inside the body, what would involve the expenditure
6 of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures rise to what
7 would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degree Celsius
8 have been measured in Grant's gazelles. The overheated body cools down during
9 the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusual low by dawn,
10 as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is a advantage since the heat of
11 the first few hours of daylight absorb in warming up the body.
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SECTION C: READING
Part 1. Read the following article and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. (15 points)
HE EARLY RAILWAY IN BRITAN
In 1830, there were under 100 miles of public railway in Britain. Yet within 20 years, this
(0)____________ had grown to more than 5,000 miles. By the end of the century, almost enough rail track
to (51) _________ the world covered this small island, (52)_________ the nature of travel for ever and
contributing to the industrial revolution that changed the (53) __________of history in many parts of the
world.
Wherever railways were introduced, economic and social progress quickly (54)_________ . In a single
day, rail passengers could travel hundreds of miles, (55) __________ previous journey times by huge
margins and bringing rapid travel within the (56) __________ of ordinary people. Previously, many people
had never ventured (57)__________ the outskirts of their towns and villages. The railway brought them
(58) ____________ freedom and enlightenment.

In the 19th century, the railway in Britain (59)___________ something more than just the business of
carrying goods and passengers. Trains were associated with romance, adventure and, frequently, (60)
___________luxury. The great steam locomotives that thundered across the land were the jet airliners of
their day, carrying passengers in comfort over vast distances in unimaginably short times. But the railways
did more than revolutionise travel; they also left a distinctive and permanent mark on the British
landscape.Whole towns and industrial centres sprang up around major rail junctions, monumental bridges
and viaducts crossed rivers and valleys and the railway stations themselves became desirable places spend
lime between journeys.
0. A. amount B. figure C. sum D. quantity
51A. revolve B. enclose C. encircle D. orbit
52..A. altering B. amending C. adapting D. adjusting
53.A. route B. way C. line D. course
54.A. pursued B. followed C. succeeded D. chased
55.A. cancelling B. subtracting C. cutting D. abolishing
56.A. reach B. capacity C. facility D. hold
57.A. further B. over C. beyond D. above
58.A. larger B. higher C. bigger D. greater
59.A. served B. functioned C. represented D. performed
60.A. considerable B. generous C. plentiful D. sizeable

Part 2. Read the following text and fill in one word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each
gap.
In the age before the motor car, what was travelling in London like? Photographs taken 100 years ago
showing packed streets indicate that it was much the same as it is now. Commuters who choose the car
to get to work probably travel at an average speed of 17 kph from their homes in the suburbs to offices in
the centre. It is virtually the same (66)_speed_ that they would have travelled at in a horse and carriage a

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century ago.
As towns and cities grow, (67)__so_ does traffic, whether in the form of the horse and carriage (68)
_____or______ the modern motor car. It would seem that, wherever (69)_____there______ are people
who need to go somewhere, they would (70)____rather_______ be carried than walk or pedal. The
photographs show that, in (71)__terms__ of congestion and speed, traffic in London hasn’t changed over
the past 100 years. London has had traffic jams ever (72)_since__ it became a huge city. It is only the
vehicles that have changed.
However, although London had traffic congestion long (73)____before_______ the car came along,
the age of the horse produced little unpleasantness apart (74)____from_______ the congestion. Today,
exhaust fumes create dangerous smogs that cause (75)____respiratory_______ problems for a great many
people. Such problems could be reduced if many of us avoided jams by using bicycles or taking a brisk walk
to school or work.

Part 3. Read the passage and choose the best option (A, B, C, or D) to answer the questions. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
HISTORY OF THE CHICKENPOX VACCINE
Chickenpox is a highly contagious infectious disease (1) caused by the Varicella zoster virus; sufferers
develop a fleeting itchy rash that can spread throughout the body. The disease can last for up to 14 days and
can occur in both children and adults, though the young are particularly vulnerable. Individuals infected with
chickenpox can expect to experience a high but tolerable level of discomfort and a fever as the disease works
its way through the system. The ailment was once considered to be a “rite of passage” by parents in the
U.S. and thought to provide children with greater and improved immunity to other forms of sickness
later in life. This view, however, was altered after additional research by scientists demonstrated unexpected
dangers associated with the virus. Over time, the fruits of this research have transformed attitudes toward the
disease and the utility of seeking preemptive measures against it.
A vaccine against chickenpox was originally invented by Michiaki Takahashi, a Japanese doctor and research
scientist, in the mid-1960s. Dr. Takahashi began his work to isolate and grow the virus in 1965 and in 1972
began clinical trials with a live but weakened form of the virus that caused the human body to create
antibodies. Japan and several other countries began widespread chickenpox vaccination programs in 1974.
However, it took over 20 years for the chickenpox vaccine to be approved by the U.S. Food & Drug
Administration (FDA), finally earning the U.S. government’s seal of approval for widespread use in 1995. Yet
even though the chickenpox vaccine was available and recommended by the FDA, parents did not
immediately choose to vaccinate their children against this disease. Mothers and fathers typically cited the
notion that chickenpox did not constitute a serious enough disease against which a person needed to be
vaccinated.
Strong belief in that view eroded when scientists discovered the link between Varicella zoster, the virus that
causes chickenpox, and shingles, a far more serious, harmful, and longer-lasting disease in older adults that
impacts the nervous system. They reached the conclusion that Varicella zoster remains dormant inside the
body, making it significantly more likely for someone to develop shingles. As a result, the medical community
in the U.S. encouraged the development, adoption, and use of a vaccine against chickenpox to the public.

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Although the appearance of chickenpox and shingles within one person can be many years apart - generally
many decades - the increased risk in developing shingles as a younger adult (30-40 years old rather than 60-70
years old) proved to be enough to convince the medical community that immunization should be preferred to
the traditional alternative.
Another reason that the chickenpox vaccine was not immediately accepted and used by parents in the U.S.
centered on observations made by scientists that the vaccine simply did not last long enough and did not
confer a lifetime of immunity. In other words, scientists considered the benefits of the vaccine to be temporary
when given to young children. They also feared that it increased the odds that a person could become infected
with chickenpox later as a young adult, when the rash is more painful and prevalent and can last up to three or
four weeks. Hence, allowing young children to develop chickenpox rather than take a vaccine against it was
believed to be the “lesser of two evils.” This idea changed over time as booster shots of the vaccine elongated
immunity and countered the perceived limits on the strength of the vaccine itself.
Today, use of the chickenpox vaccine is common throughout the world. Pediatricians suggest an initial
vaccination shot after a child turns one year old, with booster shots recommended after the child turns eight.
The vaccine is estimated to be up to 90% effective and has reduced worldwide cases of chickenpox infection
to 400,000 cases per year from over 4,000,000 cases before vaccination became widespread. ■ (A) In light of
such statistics, most doctors insist that the potential risks of developing shingles outweigh the benefits of
avoiding rare complications associated with inoculations. ■ (B) Of course, many parents continue to think of
the disease as an innocuous ailment, refusing to take preemptive steps against it. ■ (C) As increasing numbers
of students are vaccinated and the virus becomes increasingly rarer, however, even this trend among parents
has failed to halt the decline of chickenpox among the most vulnerable populations. ■ (D)
1. The word “tolerable” in the 1st passage is closest in meaning to
(A) sudden. (B) bearable. (C) infrequent. (D) unexpected.
2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the chickenpox virus?
(A) It leads to a potentially deadly disease in adults.
(B) It is associated with a possibly permanent rash.
(C) It is easily transmittable by an infected individual.
(D) It has been virtually eradicated in the modern world.
3. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?
(A) U.S. parents believed that having chickenpox benefited their children.
(B) U.S. parents believed that chickenpox led to immunity against most sickness.
(C) U.S. parents wanted to make sure that their children developed chickenpox.
(D) U.S. parents did not think that other vaccinations were needed after chickenpox.
4. what can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the clinical trials for the chickenpox vaccine?
(A) They took longer than expected. (B) They cost a lot of money to complete.
(C) They took a long time to finish. (D) They were ultimately successful.
nd
5. The word “notion” in the 2 passage is closest in meaning to
(A) history. (B) findings. (C) fact. (D) belief.
6. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true of Varicella Zoster?
(A) It typically attacks adults who are over 60 years old.
(B) It is linked to a serious disease that occurs more commonly in adults.
(C) It likely is not a serious enough threat to human health to require a vaccine.

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 (D) It is completely eradicated from the body after chickenpox occurs.
7. According to paragraph 3, all of the following is true about the chickenpox virus EXCEPT:
(A) It causes two distinct yet related ailments.
(B) People did not view it as a serious public health threat.
(C) It tended to quickly become dormant and remain inoperative over time.
(D) Vaccination against it would help prevent the onset of shingles.
8. The author uses “booster shots” as an example of
(A) a way to increase the effectiveness of the chickenpox vaccine.
(B) a preferred method of chickenpox rash and fever treatment.
(C) a scientifically approved medicine to eliminate chickenpox.
(D) a strategy for parents to avoid vaccinating their child altogether.
9. According to paragraph 4, many parents did not choose the chickenpox vaccine because
(A) they believed that the virus was weak and not especially harmful.
(B) they thought that scientists did not have enough data to reach a conclusion.
(C) they were unsure about the utility of the vaccine given its expected duration.
(D) they were convinced it was potentially very toxic, particularly for older children.
10. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Meanwhile, some continue to remain unconvinced, citing a supposed potential of the
vaccine to do harm.
Where would the sentence fit best?
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D
Part 4. Read the text and do the following tasks.
A
Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding
achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace. The foundations for the prize
were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of
the Nobel Prize.
B
Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833. His father Immanuel Nobel was an engineer and
inventor who built bridges and buildings in Stockholm. In connection with his construction work, Immanuel
Nobel also experimented with different techniques for blasting rocks. Successful in his industrial and business
ventures, Immanuel Nobel was able, in 1842, to bring his family to St. Petersburg. There, his sons were given
a first-class education by private teachers. The training included natural sciences, languages and literature. By
the age of 17, Alfred Nobel was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German. His primary
interests were in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics. Alfred’s father, who wanted
his sons to join his enterprise as engineers, disliked Alfred’s interest in poetry and found his son rather
introverted.
C
In order to widen Alfred’s horizons, his father sent him abroad for further training in chemical engineering.
During a two year period, Alfred Nobel visited Sweden, Germany, France and the United States. In Paris, the
city he came to like best, he worked in the private laboratory of Professor T. J. Pclouze, a famous chemist.
There he met the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero who, three years earlier, had invented nitroglycerine,
a highly explosive liquid. But it was considered too dangerous to be of any practical use. Although its
explosive power greatly exceeded that of gunpowder, the liquid would explode in a very unpredictable
manner if subjected to heat and pressure. Alfred Nobel became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it
could be put to practical use in construction work. He also realized that the safety problems had to be solved
and a method had to be developed for the controlled detonation of nitroglycerine.
D
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After his return to Sweden in 1863, Alfred Nobel concentrated on developing nitroglycerine as an explosive.
Several explosions, including one (1864) in which his brother Emil and several other persons were killed,
convinced the authorities that nitroglycerine production was exceedingly dangerous. They forbade further
experimentation with nitroglycerine within the Stockholm city limits and Alfred Nobel had to move his
experimentation to a barge anchored on Lake Malaren. Alfred was not discouraged and in 1864 he was able to
start mass production of nitroglycerine. To make the handling of nitroglycerine safer Alfred Nobel
experimented with different additives. He soon found that mixing nitroglycerine with kieselguhr would turn
the liquid into a paste which could be shaped into rods of a size and form suitable for insertion into drilling
holes. In 1867 he patented this material under the name of dynamite. To be able to detonate the dynamite rods
he also invented a detonator (blasting cap) which could be ignited by lighting a fuse. These inventions were
made at the same time as the pneumatic drill came into general use. Together these inventions drastically
reduced the cost of blasting rock, drilling tunnels, building canals and many other forms of construction work.
E
The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a
very skillful entrepreneur and businessman. Over the years he founded factories and laboratories in some 90
different places in more than 20 countries. Although he lived in Paris much of his life he was constantly
traveling. When he was not traveling or engaging in business activities Nobel himself worked intensively in
his various laboratories, first in Stockholm and later in other places. He focused on the development of
explosives technology as well as other chemical inventions including such materials as synthetic rubber and
leather, artificial silk, etc. By the time of his death in 18%, he had 355 patents.
F
Intensive work and travel did not leave much time for private life. At the age of 43, he was feeling like an old
man. At this time he advertised in a newspaper “Wealthy, highly-educated elderly gentleman seeks the lady of
mature age, versed in languages, as secretary and supervisor of household.” The most qualified applicant
turned out to be an Austrian woman, Countess Bertha Kinsky. After working a very short time for Nobel she
decided to return to Austria to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. In spite of this Alfred Nobel and Bertha von
Suttner remained friends and kept writing letters to each other for decades. Over the years Bertha von Suttner
became increasingly critical of the arms race. She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a
prominent figure in the peace movement. No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will
which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promoted peace. Several years after the death
of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Storting (Parliament) decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha
von Suttner.
G
Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896. When his will was opened it came as a surprise
that his fortune was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and
Peace. The executors of his will were two young engineers, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist. They set
about forming the Nobel Foundation as an organization to take care of the financial assets left by Nobel for
this purpose and to coordinate the work of the Prize-Awarding Institutions. This was not without its
difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries.
H
Alfred Nobel’s greatness lay in his ability to combine the penetrating mind of the scientist and inventor with
the forward-looking dynamism of the industrialist. Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related
issues and held what were considered radical views in his era. He had a great interest in literature and wrote
his own poetry and dramatic works. The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime
interests.
For questions 76-82, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG).
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?
In boxes 76-81 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
76. The first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1895. F
77. Nobel’s father wanted his son to have a better education than what he had had. NG
78. Nobel was an unsuccessful businessman. F
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79. Bertha von Suttner was selected by Nobel himself for the first peace prize. F
80. The Nobel Foundation was established after the death of Nobel T
81. Nobel’s social involvement was uncommon in the 1800s. T
For questions 82-88, complete the notes below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided
Education:
Having accumulated a great fortune in his business, Nobel’s father determined to give his son the best
education and sent him abroad to be trained in 82_CHEMICAL ENGINEERING during Nobel’s study in
Paris, he worked in a private laboratory, where he came in contact with a young engineer 83_ASCANIO
SOBRERO_ and his invention nitroglycerine, a more powerful explosiven than 84_GUNPOWER_
Benefits in construction works:
Nobel became really interested in this new explosive and experimented on it. But nitroglycerine was too
dangerous and was banned for experiments within the city of 85_STOCKHOLM_. So Nobel had to move his
experiments to a lake. To make nitroglycerine easily usable, Nobel invented dynamite along
with 86_DETONATOR while in the meantime 87_PNEUMATIC DRILL_ became popular, all of which
dramatically lowered the 88 COST of construction works.

by choosing from the sections of the extract (A - D). The sections may be chosen more than once. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (15 points)
A. Monosodium Gluctamate
Good food is one of the life’s pleasures and even 1,200 years ago, oriental cooks knew that food tasted
better when prepared with a soup stock made from a type of seaweed. But it was only in 1908 that Japanese
scientists identified the ingredient responsible for enhancing flavour.
That ingredient is known today by its scientific name, monosodium glutamate. It is often reffered to as
MSG and it is an amino acid found in virtually all foods. The bound form is linked to other amino acids in
proteins and is manufactured in the human body. The free form of glutamate in foods enhances food flavours.
Tomaoes, cheese and mushrooms are just some free glutamate rich foods. Free glutamate content increases
during ripening, bringing out a fuller taste in many foods and is made as a flavour enhancer by a fermentation
process similar to that used for making soy and vinegar.
People have long known about the four basic tastes-sweet, sour, salty and bitter. But now a fifth basic
taste called umani has been recognised. This is imparted to foods by glutamate and is responsible for the
savoury taste of many foods, such as tomatoes and cheese.
B. Organic Food & Bunisess!
Organic farmers pride themselves on fostering sustainable agriculture, but it remains to be seen if the
industry’s rapid growth is in fact sustainable.
One challenge facing the industry is to bring the price of organic products more in line with those of
conventional products. The price of organic ingredients is improving but demand still outpaces suppply.
However, supply issues are overshadowed by the fact that the organic foods sector continues to grow faster
than the food industry as a whole, fundamentally due to the natural alliance between organic foods and
processed foods. Firstly, organic foods earmarked for processing do not have to be as comestically perfect as
their fresh counterparts. In addition, freezing or tinning reduces many of the shelf-life problems associated
with fresh produce. It was only a question of time before mainstream food companies woke up to these
synergies.
The pioneers of the organic food industry view the growing presence of major food companies in their
markets as a mixed blessing. Many smaller companies fear that the ideals of organic agrilculture will be
compromised. Other think major food companies will help persuade consumers to buy organic products
through the power of their branding.
C. Chilli
Capsicums, commonly known as chillis, come in all dimensions and colours from the tiny, pointed,
extremely hot, bird’s eye chilli, to the large, mild, fleshy peppers like the Anaheim. Indigenous to Central and
South America and the West Indies, they were cultivated long before the Spanish conquest, which was the
eventual cause of their introduction to Europe. Chillis along with tomatoes, avocados, vanilla and chocolate
changed the flavours of the known world. Today, there are around 400 different varieties of chillis grown.

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They are easy to cultivate and are one of the world’s most widely distributed crops, available for sale at most
food outlets.
In 1902, a method was developed for measuring the strength of a given variety of capsicum, ranking it
on predetermined scale. This originally meant tasting the peppers, but nowadays it can be done more
accurately with the help of computers to rate the peppers in units to indicate parts per million of capsaicin.
This potent chemical not only causes the fiery sensation, but also triggers the brain to produce endorphins,
natural painkillers that promote a sense of well-being.
D. Writing about cooking
Two cookery writers are often credited with the present revival of interest in food and cooking.
Elizabeth David discovered her taste for good food when she lived with a French family for two years. After
returning to England she learnt to cook so that she could reproduce some of the food that she had come to
appreciate in France. Her first book appeared when rationing was still in force after the war and most of the
ingredients she had so lovingly described were not available. At the time her books was read rather than used,
and it created a yearning for good ingredients and for a way of life that saw more in food than mere
sustenance. Her late books confirmed her position as the most inspirational and influential cookery writer in
the English language. She shared with Jane Grigson an absorbing interest in the literature of cookery.
Jane Grigson was brought up in the north-east of England, where there is a strong tradition of good
eating, but it was not until she began to spend time in France that she became really interested in food. She
was renowned for her fine writing on food and cookery, often catching the imagination with a deftly chosen
fragment of history or poetry, but never failing to explain the “why” as well as the “how” of cookery.
In which section are the following mentioned?
96. a group of foods that changed the way an area of the world cooked C
97. a period of time access to food was restricted D
98. a comparison of the process of producing a substance with that used for some other foods, too A
99. the global popularity of a particular food C
100. an interest in discovering more about unfamiliar types of food D
101. the discrepancy between the amount of a type of food produced and the demand for it B
102. a substance that reinforces the savoury aspect of food A
103. a way of determining the strength of a foodstuff C
104. using literay forms to talk about food dishes D
105. worries about the ethical future of a food industry B

PART IV: WRITING

Part 1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence printed before it.
1. He worked very hard, but he was unable to earn enough for his living.
Hard-working __THOUGH HE WORKED, HE WAS UNABLE TO EARN ENOUGH FOR HIS___
2. “Nothing will persuade me to sleep in that haunted house,” she said.
She flatly___REFUSED TO SLEEP IN THAT HAUNTED HOUSE__________
3. I was too scared to tell him what I really thought.
I lacked__THE COURAGE TO TELL HIM__________
4. The house shouldn’t be left unlocked for any reason.
On no _ACCOUNT SHOULD THE HOUSE BE LEFT UNLOCKED________
5. Paul hates waiting for the bus.
Paul can't ___CANT STAND WAITING FOR THE BUS______

Rewrite the following sentences with the given word. The given words can’t be changed.
6. The students in his class come from many different places, which makes the place very special. WIDE
____________COME FROM FAR AND WIDE_______
7. When I make my complaint, I hope that you will say you agree with me. BACK
__________________BACK ME UP____
8. I forgot his birthday last week and do not know how to make it up to him. AMENDS
I DON’T KNOW HOW TO MAKE AMENDS FOR FORGETTING ___

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9. She is likely to be shortlisted for the position. STANDS
___STANDS A GOOD CHANCE OF BEING _______
10. Don’t hesitate to make use of the library’s resources. AVAIL
__YOU ARE AT LIBERTY TO AVAIL YOURSELF OF THE LIBRARY’S RESOURCES__

Part 2: Write a letter to the department of education to provide financial assistance for a short training
course that you want to do in some foreign country.

In your letter, you should tell:

what course you want to take
why you want to take the course
how financial assistance can help you.

Part 3: Write an essay on the following topic:

We are becoming increasingly dependent on computers. They are used in business, hospitals, crime detection,
and even to fly planes. What things will they be used in the future? Is this dependence on computers a good
thing, or should we be more suspicious of their benefits?

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