Ques 1. Explain OOPs Concepts.

Answer 1.

There are four major OOPs Concepts:

Encapsulation

• It hides the irrelevant details from the outside world.

• It helps to bind the data and function together to manipulate the data.

Also Read: Encapsulation in Python

Also Read: Encapsulation in C++

Abstraction

• It is an extension of encapsulation.

• Similar to encapsulation, it also hides complexity by hiding irrelevant details.

Polymorphism

• It helps programmers to build logical codes.

• It allows access to different types of objects through the same interface.

Inheritance

• It helps to derive a class from another class.

• Allows re-using the previously written codes.

Also Read: Inheritance in Python

Also Read: Inheritance in Java

Ques 2. What is SDLC?

Answer 2.

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle. It refers to the phase of work involved in producing
software applications. It enables the production of high-quality but cost-effective software.

The phase of SDLC are:

• Requirement Gathering

• Planning

• Development/Implementation

• Testing

• Deployment

• Maintenance

Also Read: Software Development Life Cycle

Ques 3. What is the Agile Model?

Answer 3.

• It is a type of Rapid Application Development.

• Testing is frequently done in conjunction with the development phase.

• It follows the concept of consistent growth during the project itself.

• Sprints are used to break down the projects.

Also Read: Agile Model in Software Engineering

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Ques 4. What is the use of a constructor?

Answer 4.
A constructor is a special member function of a class with the same name as the class name.

• The constructor name has the same name as the class name

• Automatically calls when an object is created for the class.

• It can be defined inside or outside the class definition.

• More than one constructor can be declared inside a class with different parameters.

Also Read: Constructor in Java

Also Read: Constructor in C++

Ques 5. What is the difference between Abstract Class and Interface?

Answer 5.

Abstract Class Interface

It is a blueprint of the class consisting of abstract

Designed to be a parent class.
methods.

Declared using “Abstract.” Declared using “Interface.”

Does not support multiple inheritances. Support multiple inheritances.

Supports final, non-final, static, and non-static

Supports only final and static variables.
variables.

Difference between Abstract class and Interface in Java

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differ from each other when it comes to their usage. Let’s see what...read more

Abstract Class in Java

The tutorial article below covers data abstraction using abstract class in Java with examples and
explanations.
Interface in Java Explained

The below Java Tutorial Article explains the interface in Java with examples. Moreover it covers
multiple inheritance through interfaces using examples.

Ques 6. What is the difference between DELETE, DROP, and TRUNCATE in SQL.

Answer 6.

DELETE TRUNCATE DROP

It is a DML command It is a DDL command. It is a DDL command

DELETE FROM tble_nameWHERE

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name; DROP TABLE table_name;
conditions;

It removes one or more records from It removes all the rows from the It completely removes the table
the table existing table from the database

It completely removes the

It doesn’t free the allocated space of It doesn’t free the allocated space
allocated space for the table from
the table. of the table.
memory.

It is slower than the DROP and It is faster than both the DELETE It is faster than DELETE but slower
TRUNCATE commands as it deletes one and TRUNCATE commands as it than TRUNCATE as it firstly deletes
row at a time base on the specified deletes all the records at a time the rows and then the table from
conditions. without any condition. the database.

Also Read: SQL tutorial

How to Use TRUNCATE Command in SQL?

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Delete statement is very important statement in SQL.This article covers delete statement with
condition and without condition( with proper syntax and examples)

Ques 7: What is the difference between C and C++ programming language?

Answer 7.

C C++

Developed in 1972 Developed in the early 1980s.

It is a function-driven language. It is an object-driven language.

C is a subset of C++. C++ is a superset of C.

C has 32 keywords. C++ has 63 keywords.

Supports built-in data types. Supports built-in and user-defined data types.

Doesn’t have access modifiers. Has access modifiers.

Must Check: Difference Between C and C++

Ques 8. What is the difference between list and tuple in python?

Answer 8.

List Tuple
 The list is mutable. Tuples are immutable.

Enclosed in square brackets []. Enclosed in simple brackets().

Prone to errors. Not prone to errors.

Consumes more memory. Consumes less memory.

Creating a list is a slower process as it needs two memory blocks to be Creating a tuple is faster than the
accessed. list.

Difference Between List and Tuple in Python

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and Tuple in Python are the data structures that store and manipulate...read more

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In this guide, you will learn all about Tuples in Python: creating tuples, accessing tuple items, looping
through a tuple, and other tuple operations with the help of examples.

All About Python Lists Methods

In this guide, you will learn all about lists in Python: accessing lists, changing list elements, looping
through a list, and other list operations with examples.
Ques 9. What is Pass and Break statement in Python?

Answer 9.

Pass:

• Similar to its name, it does nothing.

• It is used to fill in code initially that can be used in the future.

• It is similar to the null operator.

• Used for empty control statements, functions, and classes.

Break:

• It is used to terminate the loop in which it is present.

• It terminates only those loops which contain a break loop.

Also Read: How to use Pass statement in Python

Also Read: How to use Break statement in C++

Ques 10. What is Cloud Computing?

Answer 10.

Cloud computing is a virtual space that delivers hosted services over the Internet, including servers,
databases, networking, analytics, and intelligence, ensuring innovation, flexibility, and cost-
effectiveness. It uses capabilities like data analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and
others according to the industry requirements.

Also Read: Introduction to Cloud Computing?

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In the latest years, the development of cloud computing has resulted in numerous new technologies.
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Different Characteristics of Cloud Computing

On-demand self-service, broad network access, and being highly elastic and scalable are some of the
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Ques 11. What are the different types of sorting?

Answer 11.

The sorting algorithm arranges the elements of a list or array in a specific order. There are different
sorting algorithms that can be used to perform the sorting operation.

• Selection Sort Algorithm

• Bubble Sort Algorithm

• Heap Sort

• Merge Sort Algorithm

• Quicksort Algorithm

• Insertion Sort Algorithm

• In the insertion sort algorithm, the 1st element is taken and is considered to be sorted. Then,
the second element is considered and is compared with the key elements taken and is
integrated until the array is not sorted.

Question 12. Define the terms Class and Objects.

Answer 12.

Classes Objects

Template for creating and declaring variables. It is an instance of a class.

It is a logical entity. It is a physical entity.

It can be created many times. It is declared once.

 It doesn’t allocate memory when it is created. It allocates memory when it is created.

It can’t be manipulated. It can be manipulated.

Also Read: Classes and Objects in C++

Also Read: Classes and Objects in Python

Ques 13. What is the difference between Structure and Arrays.

Answer 13.

Structure Array

Collection of variables of different data type. Collection of variables of same data type.

Elements may not be stored in contiguous memory Elments are stored in contiguous memory
locations. locations.

Elements are accessed by name. Elements are accessed by indexes.

‘Struct’ is used to declare the structure. There is no keyword to declare the arrays.

Searching an element takes more time than arrays. Searching an element takes less time.

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Arrays in Java help to maintain elements of same datatype under a single variable name. The below
article explains the implementation of array in java with examples.

Ques 14. What is the difference between UNION and JOIN in SQL?

Answer 14.

JOIN UNION

Combines multiple tables based on the matching fields Combines the result of multiple SELECT
(columns) statements

Number of the selected field may or may not be the same number of the selected field must be the same

Data type of column may or may not be the same Data type of column must be same

Combine the data in column and may or may not return Combine the data in row and must return
distinct columns distinct rows

Also Read: How to use UNION in SQL

Also Read: Difference between UNION and UNION ALL

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Ques 15. What is the difference between Primary and Unique key?

Answer 15.

Primary Key Unique Key

Used as a unique identifier for each record in It is also used as a unique identifier when the primary key is
the table. not present.

A table can have only one primary key. A table can have multiple unique keys.

It can’t have NULL values. It can have multiple NULL values.

Values can’t be changed. Values can be modified.

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Ques 16. Write a program to reverse a string in JAVA.

Answer 16.

class Create_New_String_Reverse_String

public static void main(String args[]) {

String str1 = "Shiksha Online";

System.out.println("Original string: "+str1);

int n = str1.length(); // caclulates length of String

String Reverse_String ="";

char ch;

for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {

//fetch each character

ch = str1.charAt(i);

// concatenates each character in front of the new string

Reverse_String = ch + Reverse_String;

System.out.printIn("Reversed string: "+ Reverse_String); // Display the reversed string

Copy code

Output
There are different methods to reverse the string. In the above example, we have shown how to
reverse a string in Java. Check out the below articles to know different methods:

Also Read: Reverse a string in Java

Also Read: Reverse a string in Python

Ques 17: How to check if a string is a palindrome or not in Pyhon?

Answer 17.

#Define a function

def isPalindrome(string):

if (string == string[::-1]) :

return "The string is a palindrome."

else:

return "The string is not a palindrome."

#Enter input string

string = input ("Enter string: ")

print(isPalindrome(string))

Copy code

Output

Must Check: Palindrome in Python

Ques 18. How to print Fibonacci Series in Python?

Answer 18.
#Generate the Fibonacci Number using Loop

num = int(input("Enter the number")) #enter the number of terms needed

#set first two fibonacci numbers

F_0 = 0

F_1 = 1

for n in range(0, num): #Febonacci number is defined only for positive integer

if(n<=1):

F_n = n # this will only return the first two fibonacci numbers

else:

F_n = F_0 + F_1 #every fibonacci number is sum of previous two

F_0 = F_1

F_1 = F_n

print(F_n)

Copy code

Also Read: Fibonacci Numbers

Ques 19. How to print the prime number in a given interval in Python?

Answer 19.

# Python program to display all the prime numbers within an interval

lower = 9

upper = 100

print("Prime numbers between", lower, "and", upper, "are:")

for num in range(lower, upper + 1):

 # all prime numbers are greater than 1

if num > 1:

for i in range(2, num):

if (num % i) == 0:

break

else:

print(num)

Copy code

Also Read: Prime Number

Also Read: Different methods to check for prime number in Python

TCS HR Interview Questions

Here is the list of that are mostly asked in TCS HR Rounds:

1. Tell me something about yourself.

2. What have you done in Graduation and Post Graduation?

3. What are your skills? Do you have any certificates or not?

4. What are your weakness and strength?

5. Why do you want to join?