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Current Procedural Terminology (CPT
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT
copyright 1966, 1970, 1973, 1977, 1981, 1983-2023 by the American Medical
Association. All rights reserved.
U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS. CPT® codes are commercial technical data and/or
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Evaluation and Management (E/M)
Services Guidelines
Evaluation / Management 99202-99499
In addition to the information presented in the For example, there are two subcategories of office visits
Introduction, several other items unique to this section (new patient and established patient) and there are two
are defined or identified here. subcategories of hospital inpatient and observation care
visits (initial and subsequent). The subcategories of E/M
services are further classified into levels of E/M services
E/M Guidelines Overview that are identified by specific codes.
The basic format of codes with levels of E/M services
The E/M guidelines have sections that are common to all
based on medical decision making (MDM) or time is the
E/M categories and sections that are category specific.
same. First, a unique code number is listed. Second, the
Most of the categories and many of the subcategories of
place and/or type of service is specified (eg, office or other
service have special guidelines or instructions unique to
outpatient visit). Third, the content of the service is
that category or subcategory. Where these are indicated,
defined. Fourth, time is specified. (A detailed discussion
eg, “Hospital Inpatient and Observation Care,” special
of time is provided in the Guidelines for Selecting Level
instructions are presented before the listing of the specific
of Service Based on Time.)
E/M services codes. It is important to review the
instructions for each category or subcategory. These The place of service and service type are defined by the
guidelines are to be used by the reporting physician or location where the face-to-face encounter with the patient
other qualified health care professional to select the and/or family/caregiver occurs. For example, service
appropriate level of service. These guidelines do not provided to a nursing facility resident brought to the
establish documentation requirements or standards of office is reported with an office or other outpatient code.
care. The main purpose of documentation is to support
care of the patient by current and future health care New and Established Patients
team(s). These guidelines are for services that require a
Solely for the purposes of distinguishing between new
face-to-face encounter with the patient and/or family/
and established patients, professional services are those
caregiver. (For 99211 and 99281, the face-to-face services
face-to-face services rendered by physicians and other
may be performed by clinical staff.)
qualified health care professionals who may report
In the Evaluation and Management section (99202- evaluation and management services. A new patient is
99499), there are many code categories. Each category one who has not received any professional services from
may have specific guidelines, or the codes may include the physician or other qualified health care professional
specific details. These E/M guidelines are written for the or another physician or other qualified health care
following categories: professional of the exact same specialty and subspecialty
Office or Other Outpatient Services who belongs to the same group practice, within the past
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J
three years.
J Hospital Inpatient and Observation Care Services
An established patient is one who has received
J Consultations professional services from the physician or other qualified
J Emergency Department Services health care professional or another physician or other
qualified health care professional of the exact same
J Nursing Facility Services
specialty and subspecialty who belongs to the same
J Home or Residence Services group practice, within the past three years. See Decision
J Prolonged Service With or Without Direct Patient Tree for New vs Established Patients.
Contact on the Date of an Evaluation and In the instance where a physician or other qualified
Management Service health care professional is on call for or covering for
another physician or other qualified health care
professional, the patient’s encounter will be classified as it
Classification of Evaluation and would have been by the physician or other qualified
Management (E/M) Services health care professional who is not available. When
advanced practice nurses and physician assistants are
The E/M section is divided into broad categories, such as working with physicians, they are considered as working
office visits, hospital inpatient or observation care visits, in the exact same specialty and subspecialty as the
and consultations. Most of the categories are further physician.
divided into two or more subcategories of E/M services.
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CPT 2024 Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services Guidelines
No distinction is made between new and established Initial and Subsequent Services
patients in the emergency department. E/M services in
the emergency department category may be reported for Some categories apply to both new and established
any new or established patient who presents for treatment patients (eg, hospital inpatient or observation care). These
in the emergency department. categories differentiate services by whether the service is
Received any professional service from the physician or other qualified health
care professional or another physician or other qualified health care professional
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
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Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services Guidelines CPT 2024
professional who is not available. When advanced practice A patient may receive E/M services in more than one
nurses and physician assistants are working with setting on a calendar date. A patient may also have more
physicians, they are considered as working in the exact than one visit in the same setting on a calendar date. The
same specialty and subspecialty as the physician. guidelines for multiple E/M services on the same date
For reporting hospital inpatient or observation care address circumstances in which the patient has received
Evaluation / Management 99202-99499
services, a stay that includes a transition from observation multiple visits or services from the same physician or
to inpatient is a single stay. For reporting nursing facility other QHP or another physician or other QHP of the
services, a stay that includes transition(s) between skilled exact same specialty and subspecialty who belongs to the
nursing facility and nursing facility level of care is the same group practice.
same stay. Per day: The hospital inpatient and observation care
services and the nursing facility services are “per day”
cSplit or Shared Visitsb services. When multiple visits occur over the course of a
single calendar date in the same setting, a single service is
cPhysician(s) and other qualified health care
reported. When using MDM for code level selection, use
professional(s) (QHP[s]) may act as a team in providing the aggregated MDM over the course of the calendar
care for the patient, working together during a single date. When using time for code level selection, sum the
E/M service. The split or shared visits guidelines are time over the course of the day using the guidelines for
applied to determine which professional may report the reporting time.
service. If the physician or other QHP performs a
substantive portion of the encounter, the physician or Multiple encounters in different settings or facilities: A
other QHP may report the service. If code selection is patient may be seen and treated in different facilities (eg,
based on total time on the date of the encounter, the a hospital-to-hospital transfer). When more than one
service is reported by the professional who spent the primary E/M service is reported and time is used to select
majority of the face-to-face or non-face-to-face time the code level for either service, only the time spent
performing the service. For the purpose of reporting E/M providing that individual service may be allocated to the
services within the context of team-based care, code level selected for reporting that service. No time
performance of a substantive part of the MDM requires may be counted twice when reporting more than one
that the physician(s) or other QHP(s) made or approved E/M service. Prolonged services are also based on the
the management plan for the number and complexity of same allocation and their relationship to the primary
problems addressed at the encounter and takes service. The designation of the facility may be defined by
responsibility for that plan with its inherent risk of licensure or regulation. Transfer from a hospital bed to a
complications and/or morbidity or mortality of patient nursing facility bed in a hospital with nursing facility
management. By doing so, a physician or other QHP has beds is considered as two services in two facilities because
performed two of the three elements used in the selection there is a discharge from one type of designation to
of the code level based on MDM. If the amount and/or another. An intra-facility transfer for a different level of
complexity of data to be reviewed and analyzed is used care (eg, from a routine unit to a critical care unit) does
by the physician or other QHP to determine the reported not constitute a new stay, nor does it constitute a transfer
code level, assessing an independent historian’s narrative to a different facility.
and the ordering or review of tests or documents do not Emergency department (ED) and services in other
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have to be personally performed by the physician or other settings (same or different facilities): Time spent in an
QHP, because the relevant items would be considered in ED by a physician or other QHP who provides
formulating the management plan. Independent subsequent E/M services may be included in calculating
interpretation of tests and discussion of management plan total time on the date of the encounter when ED services
or test interpretation must be personally performed by are not reported and another E/M service is reported (eg,
the physician or other QHP if these are used to hospital inpatient and observation care services).
determine the reported code level by the physician or
other QHP.b Discharge services and services in other facilities: Each
service may be reported separately as long as any time
spent on the discharge service is not counted towards the
cMultiple Evaluation and total time of a subsequent service in which code level
Management Services on the Same selection for the subsequent service is based on time. This
Dateb includes any hospital inpatient or observation care
services (including admission and discharge services) time
cThe following guidelines apply to services that a patient (99234, 99235, 99236) because these services may be
may receive for hospital inpatient care, observation care, selected based on MDM or time. When these services are
or nursing facility care. For instructions regarding reported with another E/M service on the same calendar
transitions to these settings from the office or outpatient, date, time related to the hospital inpatient or observation
home or residence, or emergency department setting, see care service (including admission and discharge services)
guidelines for Hospital Inpatient and Observation Care
Services or Nursing Facility Services.
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CPT 2024 Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services Guidelines
may not be used for code selection of the subsequent component) with preparation of a separate distinctly
service. identifiable signed written report may also be reported
Discharge services and services in the same facility: If separately, using the appropriate CPT code and, if
the patient is discharged and readmitted to the same required, with modifier 26 appended.
facility on the same calendar date, report a subsequent The physician or other qualified health care professional
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Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services Guidelines CPT 2024
Guidelines for Selecting Level of Shared decision making involves eliciting patient and/or
family preferences, patient and/or family education, and
Service Based on Medical Decision explaining risks and benefits of management options.
Making MDM may be impacted by role and management
responsibility.
Evaluation / Management 99202-99499
reported).
reviewed and analyzed, and risk of complications and/or
• Discussion of management or test interpretation morbidity or mortality of patient management.b
with external physician or other qualified health care
professional or appropriate source (not separately Number and Complexity of Problems
reported).
Addressed at the Encounter
J The risk of complications and/or morbidity or
mortality of patient management. This includes One element used in selecting the level of service is the
decisions made at the encounter associated with number and complexity of the problems that are
diagnostic procedure(s) and treatment(s). This includes addressed at the encounter. Multiple new or established
the possible management options selected and those conditions may be addressed at the same time and may
considered but not selected after shared decision affect MDM. Symptoms may cluster around a specific
making with the patient and/or family. For example, a diagnosis and each symptom is not necessarily a unique
decision about hospitalization includes consideration of condition. Comorbidities and underlying diseases, in and
alternative levels of care. Examples may include a of themselves, are not considered in selecting a level of
psychiatric patient with a sufficient degree of support E/M services unless they are addressed, and their
in the outpatient setting or the decision to not presence increases the amount and/or complexity of data
hospitalize a patient with advanced dementia with an to be reviewed and analyzed or the risk of complications
acute condition that would generally warrant inpatient and/or morbidity or mortality of patient management.
care, but for whom the goal is palliative treatment. The final diagnosis for a condition does not, in and of
(continued on page 10)
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CPT 2024 Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services Guidelines
effects of treatment; J Any combination of 3 from the following: J Decision regarding minor surgery with
or • Review of prior external note(s) from each unique identified patient or procedure risk
J 2 or more stable, source*; factors
chronic illnesses; • Review of the result(s) of each unique test*; J Decision regarding elective major
(continued)
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Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services Guidelines CPT 2024
or • Review of prior external note(s) from each unique surgery with identified patient or
J 1 acute or chronic source*; procedure risk factors
illness or injury that • Review of the result(s) of each unique test*; J Decision regarding emergency major
or substancesb
Category 3: Discussion of management or test
interpretation
J Discussion of management or test interpretation
Multiple problems of a lower severity may, in the qualified health care professional reporting the service.
aggregate, create higher risk due to interaction. For hospital inpatient and observation care services, the
cThe term “risk” as used in the definition of this element
problem addressed is the problem status on the date of
relates to risk from the condition. While condition risk the encounter, which may be significantly different than
and management risk may often correlate, the risk from on admission. It is the problem being managed or
the condition is distinct from the risk of the co-managed by the reporting physician or other qualified
management.b health care professional and may not be the cause of
admission or continued stay.
Problem: A problem is a disease, condition, illness,
injury, symptom, sign, finding, complaint, or other Minimal problem: A problem that may not require the
matter addressed at the encounter, with or without a presence of the physician or other qualified health care
diagnosis being established at the time of the encounter. professional, but the service is provided under the
physician’s or other qualified health care professional’s
Problem addressed: A problem is addressed or managed supervision (see 99211, 99281).
when it is evaluated or treated at the encounter by the
physician or other qualified health care professional Self-limited or minor problem: A problem that runs a
reporting the service. This includes consideration of definite and prescribed course, is transient in nature, and
further testing or treatment that may not be elected by is not likely to permanently alter health status.
virtue of risk/benefit analysis or patient/parent/guardian/
surrogate choice. Notation in the patient’s medical record
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CPT 2024 Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services Guidelines
Stable, chronic illness: A problem with an expected Acute, complicated injury: An injury which requires
duration of at least one year or until the death of the treatment that includes evaluation of body systems that
patient. For the purpose of defining chronicity, are not directly part of the injured organ, the injury is
conditions are treated as chronic whether or not stage or extensive, or the treatment options are multiple and/or
severity changes (eg, uncontrolled diabetes and controlled associated with risk of morbidity.
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Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services Guidelines CPT 2024
Unique: A unique test is defined by the CPT code set. services. The independent history does not need to be
When multiple results of the same unique test (eg, serial obtained in person but does need to be obtained directly
blood glucose values) are compared during an E/M from the historian providing the independent
service, count it as one unique test. Tests that have information.
overlapping elements are not unique, even if they are Independent interpretation: The interpretation of a test
Evaluation / Management 99202-99499
identified with distinct CPT codes. For example, a CBC for which there is a CPT code, and an interpretation or
with differential would incorporate the set of report is customary. This does not apply when the
hemoglobin, CBC without differential, and platelet physician or other qualified health care professional who
count. A unique source is defined as a physician or other reports the E/M service is reporting or has previously
qualified health care professional in a distinct group or reported the test. A form of interpretation should be
different specialty or subspecialty, or a unique entity. documented but need not conform to the usual standards
Review of all materials from any unique source counts as of a complete report for the test. A test that is ordered
one element toward MDM. and independently interpreted may count both as a test
Combination of data elements: A combination of ordered and interpreted.
different data elements, for example, a combination of Appropriate source: For the purpose of the discussion of
notes reviewed, tests ordered, tests reviewed, or management data element (see Table 1, Levels of Medical
independent historian, allows these elements to be Decision Making), an appropriate source includes
summed. It does not require each item type or category professionals who are not health care professionals but
to be represented. A unique test ordered, plus a note may be involved in the management of the patient (eg,
reviewed and an independent historian would be a lawyer, parole officer, case manager, teacher). It does not
combination of three elements. include discussion with family or informal caregivers. For
External: External records, communications and/or test the purpose of documents reviewed, documents from an
results are from an external physician, other qualified appropriate source may be counted.
health care professional, facility, or health care
organization. Risk of Complications and/or
External physician or other qualified health care Morbidity or Mortality of Patient
professional: An external physician or other qualified
health care professional who is not in the same group Management
practice or is of a different specialty or subspecialty. This One element used in selecting the level of service is the
includes licensed professionals who are practicing risk of complications and/or morbidity or mortality of
independently. The individual may also be a facility or patient management at an encounter. This is distinct
organizational provider such as from a hospital, nursing from the risk of the condition itself.
facility, or home health care agency. Risk: The probability and/or consequences of an event.
Discussion: Discussion requires an interactive exchange. The assessment of the level of risk is affected by the
The exchange must be direct and not through nature of the event under consideration. For example, a
intermediaries (eg, clinical staff or trainees). Sending low probability of death may be high risk, whereas a high
chart notes or written exchanges that are within progress chance of a minor, self-limited adverse effect of treatment
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notes does not qualify as an interactive exchange. The may be low risk. Definitions of risk are based upon the
discussion does not need to be on the date of the usual behavior and thought processes of a physician or
encounter, but it is counted only once and only when it is other qualified health care professional in the same
used in the decision making of the encounter. It may be specialty. Trained clinicians apply common language
asynchronous (ie, does not need to be in person), but it usage meanings to terms such as high, medium, low, or
must be initiated and completed within a short time minimal risk and do not require quantification for these
period (eg, within a day or two). definitions (though quantification may be provided when
evidence-based medicine has established probabilities).
Independent historian(s): An individual (eg, parent,
For the purpose of MDM, level of risk is based upon
guardian, surrogate, spouse, witness) who provides a
consequences of the problem(s) addressed at the
history in addition to a history provided by the patient
encounter when appropriately treated. Risk also includes
who is unable to provide a complete or reliable history
MDM related to the need to initiate or forego further
(eg, due to developmental stage, dementia, or psychosis)
testing, treatment, and/or hospitalization. The risk of
or because a confirmatory history is judged to be
patient management criteria applies to the patient
necessary. In the case where there may be conflict or poor
management decisions made by the reporting physician
communication between multiple historians and more
or other qualified health care professional as part of the
than one historian is needed, the independent historian
reported encounter.
requirement is met. It does not include translation
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CPT 2024 Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services Guidelines
Morbidity: A state of illness or functional impairment same specialty and subspecialty and not simply based on
that is expected to be of substantial duration during the presence of an order for parenteral controlled
which function is limited, quality of life is impaired, or substances.b
there is organ damage that may not be transient despite
treatment. Guidelines for Selecting Level of
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Evaluation and Management (E/M) Services Guidelines CPT 2024
documented in the medical record when it is used as the information should include an adequate definition or
basis for code selection. description of the nature, extent, and need for the
procedure and the time, effort, and equipment necessary
Physician or other qualified health care professional time
to provide the service. Additional items that may be
includes the following activities, when performed:
included are complexity of symptoms, final diagnosis,
J preparing to see the patient (eg, review of tests) pertinent physical findings, diagnostic and therapeutic
J obtaining and/or reviewing separately obtained history procedures, concurrent problems, and follow-up care.
J performing a medically appropriate examination and/
or evaluation
J counseling and educating the patient/family/caregiver
J ordering medications, tests, or procedures
J referring and communicating with other health care
professionals (when not separately reported)
J documenting clinical information in the electronic or
other health record
J independently interpreting results (not separately
reported) and communicating results to the patient/
family/caregiver
J care coordination (not separately reported)
Do not count time spent on the following:
J the performance of other services that are reported
separately
J travel
J teaching that is general and not limited to discussion
that is required for the management of a specific
patient
cFor split or shared visits, see the split or shared visits
guidelines.b
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Unlisted Service
An E/M service may be provided that is not listed in this
section of the CPT codebook. When reporting such a
service, the appropriate unlisted code may be used to
indicate the service, identifying it by “Special Report,” as
discussed in the following paragraph. The “Unlisted
Services” and accompanying codes for the E/M section
are as follows:
99429
Unlisted preventive medicine service
99499
Unlisted evaluation and management service
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