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12th STD Bio-Botany EM Practical Notes
12th STD Bio-Botany EM Practical Notes
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Name:_______________
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Reg.No:______________
Subject:______________
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Class:_____Section_____
Date:______Batch______
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Session:______Time_____
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No
I. A - Fresh or Preserved Specimens and Models/Photographs/Pictures
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 1
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I. Identify the given specimen / model / photograph/ chart ‘A’ and give any two reasons
(Identification – ½, Any two reasons – 1) 1½mark
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II. Analyse the given ecological / genetic problem ‘B’. Solve/Construct it by giving appropriate reasons.
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(Identification – 1, Solve/ Construct– 1, Result-1) 3 mark
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III. Write the aim, procedure, observation and inference of the given experiment ‘C’.
(Aim – 1, Procedure – 1, Observation – ½, Inference – ½) 3 mark
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Total: 7½ mark
Record: 1½ mark
vi Skil: 1 mark
Maximum marks: 10
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 2
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
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Identification: The given picture is identified as numbers pyramid.
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Diagnostic Features:
1.Grassland ecosystem is a good example of number pyramid.
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2.In this pyramid, the number of organisms are gradually decreasing.
3.Hence, grassland ecosystem number pyramid is always upright.
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Experiment No. A3 Biomass Pyramid:
Identification: The given picture is identified as biomass pyramid.
Diagnostic Features:
1.Aquatic ecosystem is a good example of biomass pyramid.
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2.In this pyramid, the number of organisms are gradually increasing.
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3.Hence, aquatic ecosystem biomass pyramid is always inverted.
Experiment No. A4 Energy Pyramid:
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1.It shows the number of joules transfer from one trophic level to next trophic level.
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2.In this pyramid, the number of energy (joules) are gradually decreasing.
3.Hence, this energy pyramid is always upright.
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Construction:
C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 3
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Result:
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Yellow Yellow Green Green
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Total 16 32 16 64
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Phenotypic Ration: 3:1 (F1 is Yellow (64)
F2 is Yellow (48) and Green (16) so, 3:1 or 75% : 25%)
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Genotypic Ration: 1:2:1 (F1 is Heterozygous Yellow (Yy-64)
F2 is Homozygous Yellow (YY-16),
Heterozygous Yellow (Yy-32),
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Homozygous Green (yy-16) so, 1:2:1 or 25% : 50% : 25%)
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Experiment No. B2 Analysis of seed sample to study Mendelian Dihybrid Cross
Identification: The given Genetical problems is identified as Mendel’s Dihybrid cross
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Construction:
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Result:
Total Number of No.of yellow No.of yellow No.of green No.of green
seeds observed round seeds wrinkled seeds round seeds wrinkled seeds
160 90 30 30 10
Phenotypic Ration: 9:3:3:1
Yellow round Yellow wrinkled Green round Green wrinkled
9 3 3 1
C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 4
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Which is exactly the same as obtained by Mendel for a dihybrid cross. This indicates that the contrasting genes
for seed colour and seed shape show an independent assortment in the population of pea seeds.
Construction:
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i) T1 – Grass (Producer) = 30,000 J of Energy
ii) T2 – Rabbit (Primary Consumer) = 3000 J of Energy
iii) T3 – Snake ( Secondary Consumer) = 300 J of Energy
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Result:
The third tropical level T3 – Snake (Secondary Consumer) receives 300 J of Energy.
Experiment No. B4 vi
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Determination of Population density and Percentage frequency by Quadrat method.
Identification: The given Ecological problems is identified as Determination of Population density and
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Population Density =
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No.of individuals per Total number Total number of Total Populati Frequency
S quadrat of individuals quadrats in number of on Percentage
. Plant in all the which each quadrats Density (A/B) X
N species I II III IV quadrats species studied (B) (N/B) 100
o studied (N) occurred (A)
1 I 4 6 3 5 18 4 4 4.5 100%
2 II 2 3 1 0 06 3 4 1.5 75%
3 III 6 4 2 1 13 4 4 3.25 100%
4 IV 0 4 3 0 07 2 4 1.75 50%
5 V 0 0 4 0 04 1 4 1 25%
C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 5
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Construction:
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Result:
1. The frequency of crossing over is directly proportional to the relative distance of the genes on the
chromosomes.
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2. More crossing over = More distance between two genes and
Less crossing over = Less distance between the two genes.
3. In the above problem, the sequence of the genes on the linkage map is B, A, C.
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III.C – Experiments No: C1 Study of Pollen germination on a slide
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Aim Procedure Observation Inference
To study the pollen i) 1gm Sucrose + 100 ml Different stages of Pollen tube containing
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germination. distilled water. germination pollens are tube nucleus and two male
ii) add few pollen grains. observed. gametes.
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 6
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
https://www.kalvikadal.in https://material.kalvikadal.in
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 7
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
https://www.kalvikadal.in https://material.kalvikadal.in
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 8
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
https://www.kalvikadal.in https://material.kalvikadal.in
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 9
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
https://www.kalvikadal.in https://material.kalvikadal.in
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 10
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
https://www.kalvikadal.in https://material.kalvikadal.in
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 11
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
https://www.kalvikadal.in https://material.kalvikadal.in
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 12
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
https://www.kalvikadal.in https://material.kalvikadal.in
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 13
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
https://www.kalvikadal.in https://material.kalvikadal.in
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 14
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
https://www.kalvikadal.in https://material.kalvikadal.in
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 15
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
https://www.kalvikadal.in https://material.kalvikadal.in
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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 16
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929