M4 ; 1

^iurdh Sdhnf Snfdt?

f< ; >

Snrtdhyddh
Rnhtu
nhtuid
idhh in
intn
tnld
ldfd
fdh
h pfdt
pfdt kmh
kmhmk
mkuk
uk str
strui
uitu
turr pnfd
pnfdtt bd
bdtd
tdrr yd
ydhe
he bmp
bmpnr
nrfm
fm`d
`dti
tidh
dh p
pdb
dbd de
gfn`
gfn` igfgk
igfgk uiurdh
uiurdh 133
133 x 133 kk bnhed
bnhedhh pdhod
pdhodhehe :.1
:.1 k.
k. smstn
smstnk
k pnfdt
pnfdt bdtdr
bdtdr mmhm
hm tmtm
Hgkgr 4<.4
kdtm knrdtd ydhe bmpmiuf snlnsdr <.> iH/k< bdh lnldhlnldh `mbup
`mbup knrdtd snlnsdr >
ay ; 233 Kpd
Hgkgr 4<.< Bnsdmhfd` pnhufdhedh struitur pnfdt bdtdr

Bmintd`um ?
? M4 ; 1333
^iurdh pdhnf pnfdt
? 4< ; >333
? l ; 133
Snfdt igfgk
? ` ; 133
Rnedhedh fnfn` ? ay ; 233
Kutu lntgh ? ajc ; <>
Lnldh `mbup knrdtd ? FF ; >.>

Lnldh
Lnrdt Okdtm kdrdtd
nhms L ntgh ?? κ LnB
tgFh ;
; <<.2>
B41 ? bl ; 41

Odwdldh

Hgkgr 4<.4
^HR^I SNFDR Z^B^R (4)
Rnldf kmhmkuk dbdfd` mh/:3, kdid?
Mh ; >233 kk
` ; 403 kk
^HR^I SNFDR BDFDK (<)
Rnldf kmhmkuk dbdfd` Mh/::, sn`mheed
`kmh ; 41:.1:12 kk

; <33 kk
Kdid bdpdt bmdklmf tdlnf pnfdt snlnsdr
; 3.< k

LNZD\ LNLDH RN\ADIR

RN\ADIRG\
G\
qBF ; 5.: iH/k¼
q^ ; 45.>1 iH/k¼
SN\MIZD RN\@DBDS ENZN\ ZDR^ D\D@ BDH B^D D\D@
d. Snrmisd ensnr < drd` (pghs) pdbd odrdi b/< bdrm kuid igfgk
Dsuksm? Znfmkut lntgh ; <3 kk
B41 ; 41 kk
т ; 3.5>
ι ; 4
Kdid?
; 412 kk
brdtd
; 3.412 k
lg ; :3>1 kk
Qu ; >41.>2> iH

т Qj ; 1<3<4>.< H
; 1<3.<4>< iH
Zn`mheed?
т Qj 8 Q
1<3.<4>< iH 8 >41.>22=1

l. Snrmids tnr`dbdp ensnr sdtu drd` pdbd odrdi b bdrm kuid igfgk
Ztrmp ; 4 k
Ztrmp ; 4333 kk
x ; <>:1 kk
Qu ; 22>:<.41 H
Qu ; 22.>:<41 iH
; 432>>3 H
т Qj
; 432.>> iH
 Zn`mheed?
т Qj 8 Q
432.>> iH 8 22.>:<41

KGKNH ZRDRMI RGRDF RN\ADIRG\ BDFDK D\D@ SDHODHE BDH D\D@

d. Bdfdk drd` pdhodhe
Kgf ; ::4.==:0 iH.k

l. Bdfdk drd` pnhbni

Kgs ; <11.1=<> iH.k
Idrnhd, M< 6 M4 kdid?
d. Bdfdk drd` pdhodhe
Fnldr bdrm
Fnldr bdrm sntn
sntnhe
hed`
d` ffdo
dour
ur igf
igfgk
gk pdb
pdbd
d drd
drd`
` pdho
pdhod
d
Fnldr bdrm fdour tnhed` dbdfd`
l. Bdfdk drd` pnhbni
Zntnhed` fnldr fdour igfgk drd` pnhbni dbdfd`
Fnldr bdrm fdour tnhed` dbdfd`

KNHE@MR^HE RMHEEM NANIRMA

Rmheem nanitma drd` pdhodhe ? b pdhodhe ; 45<
Rmheem nanitma drd` pnhbni ? b pnhbni ; 4>1
\dtd-rdtd tmheem nanitma ? b rdtd-rdtd ; 412

Rdlnf 4. Snhufdhedh Snfdt Drd` Sdhodhe

Kg ; ::4.==:0 iH
Kh ; <4>.5=>= iH
Drd` Sdhodhe Kp ; 441.4=50 iH
Fdour Igfgk Fdour
Zdtudh
Hnedtma Sgsmtma Hnedtma
Bmtrmlusm Kgknh % 5> 13 <>
Ku iH.k 414.021=> 1=.5401= >:.=20=02
Fnldr strmp (l) kk <333 <333 <333
Rmheem nanitma (b) kk 45< 45< 45<
\u KSd <.5:>:5=0 4.450:45 3.=445=::
\dsmg tufdhedh () % 3.<1=>><> 3.451=4> 3.
3 .4>>1<1<
Ds kk¼ =<5.<132> 130.>0= >:>.:>235
Ds kmh kk¼ 5<3 5<3 5<3
Rufdhedh tnrpdsdhe (B41) > 2 :
Odrdi dhtdr tufdhedh kk 430.2130< 4:<.<3<0 44<.54>5=
Odrdi kdismkuk (<h) kk 233 233 233
Odrdi tnrpdsdhe kk 4>3 <33 :33

Rdlnf <. Snhufdhedh Snfdt Drd` Snhbni

Kg ; <11.1=<> iH
Kh ; 45:.:>34 iH
 Drd` Snhbni Kp ; =:.:2<:0 iH
Fdour Igfgk Fdour
Zdtudh
Hnedtma Sgsmtma Hnedtma
Bmtrmlusm Kgknh % 5> 13 <>
Ku iH.k 4:3.34<>= >1.33>2: 2:.::5>:4
Fnldr strmp (l) kk <333 <333 :333
Rmheem nanitma (b) kk 4>1 4>1 4>1

\u KSd <.1544=0= 4.4>315 3.

3.>=:>==0
\dsmg tufdhedh () % 3.<11:542 3.4520<0 3.
3 .4<>>105
Ds kk¼ 0:4.35051 >2>.21< >05.1142:
Ds kmh kk¼ 5<3 5<3 4303
Rufdhedh tnrpdsdhe (B41) > : :
Odrdi dhtdr tufdhedh kk 4<4.34:44 443.1<54 43<.10:3:
Odrdi kdismkuk (<h) kk 233 233 233
Odrdi tnrpdsdhe kk 4>3 :33 :33
 k
k

kldr bmdtds. Snfdt bdtdr bmtgpdhe

bdi knheeuhdidh ldfgi tnpm. Lnldh
.> iH/k<. Euhdidh ajc; <> Kpd bdh

kk ; 1 k
kk ; > k
kk ; 3.1 k
kk ; 3.1 k
Kpd
Kpd
iH/k¼

iH/k¼
iH/kº
 kk

u
iH ....gi
u
iH ....gi

NHBNI

e dbdfd` 3.:(>) ; 4.> k

>-<(4.>) ; < k

4.> k
1-<(4.>) ; : k

kk
kk Hgkgr 4<.<
kk

Rdlnf
dlnf 4. Snhu
Snhufd
fdhe
hedh
dh Snf
Snf
.k
Drd` Sdhodhe
.k
.k Ku
nhed` Fnldr strmp (l)
Sgsmtma Rmheem nanitma (b)
23 \u
21.25=4: \dsmg tufdhedh ()
<333 Ds
45< Ds k m h
3.50>>2> Rufdhedh tnrpdsdhe (B41)
3.4222>4 Odrdi dhtdr tufdhedh
2=1.=430 Odrdi kdismkuk (<h)
5<3 Odrdi tnrpdsdhe
:
4<4.2:1
233 @dsmf tufdhedh B41
:33 23<.<01 433>.54 032.>54 13:.2<= 23<.<01 13:.2<=

Rdlnf
dlnf <. Snhu
Snhufd
fdhe
hedh
dh Snf
Snf
.k
Drd` Sdhodhe
.k
.k Ku
nhed` Fnldr strmp (l)
Sgsmtma Rmheem nanitma (b)
23 \u
:5.::1=> \dsmg tufdhedh ()
:333 Ds
4>1 Ds k m h

3.>4423= Rufdhedh tnrpdsdhe (B41)

3.441>>< Odrdi dhtdr tufdhedh
>2>.21< Odrdi kdismkuk (<h)
4303 Odrdi tnrpdsdhe
:
443.1<54
233
:33
t Drd` Sdhodhe
Fdour Igfgk Fdour Rnhed`
Zdtudh
Hnedtma Fudr Sgsmtma Hnedtma bdfdk Hnedtma Fudr Sgsmtma Hnedtma bdfdk
iH.k 452.<= 43:.>0< 01,:40 3 1=,3>> >0,3==
kk <333 <333 <333 <333 <333 <333
kk 45< 45< 45< 45< 45< 45<
K Sd <.=2>1033=5: 4.5>312 4.2>001<0=0= 3 4.41543321 3.=04=:<03<
% 3.<5=5<<2445 3.<4>12 3.4=10><0>: 3 3.451354:4 3.414>343>:
kk¼ =1<.<2>3=14< 524.030 155.45:042215 3 13>.10>:32 >>>.>1:1<4>
kk¼ 5<3 5<3 5<3 5<3 5<3 5<3
> 2 2 < 2 :
kk 432.
432.>4
>452
525>
5>0:
0: 4:>.
4:>.>5
>51
1 420.
420.>4
>412
1241
41=2
=2<
< 433>
433>.5
.542
42<0
<01
1 411.
411.32
32>1
>104
04 40
404.
4.3<
3<>=
>=2:
2:<
<
kk 233 233 233 233 233 233
kk 4>3 4>3 <33 :33 :33 :33

t Drd` Snhbni
Fdour Igfgk Fdour Rnhed`
Zdtudh
Hnedtma Sgsmtma Hnedtma Sgsmtma
iH.k 4:3,15= >1,3>> 2<,154 :5,::5
kk <333 <333 <333 <333
kk 45< 45< 45< 45<
KSd
KS d <<30
<<30.1
.13=
3=:0
:0:>
:> =25.
=25.:0
:05
5 5<4.
5<4.40
40:5
:525
25=5
=5<
< 1:4.
1:4.3:
3::1
:111
110
0
% 5.1>=:0>>::: >.34125 2.:510352:: 2.3=24<414<
kk¼¼
kk <1:.
<1:.20
20<0
<01<
1<:>
:> 45<.
45<.>1
>15
5 4>3.
4>3.>1
>1<4
<45>
5>1=
1=>
> 423.
423.0:
0:55
550:
0:>
>
kk¼ 5<3 5<3 5<3 5<3

< 4 4 4
kk :04.
:04.53
5333
335>
5>=1
=1 >0<.
>0<.5=
5=0
0 433>
433>..542<
542<0>
0>54
54 5423
5423.=
.=23
2300
00:
:
kk 233 233 233 233
kk 4>3 4>3 :33 :33