Multiple Choice Quiz d) Diabetes

1. Which of the following structures forms a 7. Which protein is an acute-phase reactant

three-dimensional structure through and a protease inhibitor?
interactions of R groups of amino acids? a) Transferrin
a) Primary structure b) Albumin
b) Secondary structure c) a1-Antitrypsin
c) Tertiary structure d) Hemoglobin
d) Quaternary structure
8. Decreased levels of ceruloplasmin can
2. What type of protein structure involves indicate which disease?
two or more folded polypeptide chains a) Rheumatoid arthritis
binding to each other? b) Wilson disease
a) Primary structure c) Hepatocellular carcinoma
b) Secondary structure d) Hemochromatosis
c) Tertiary structure
d) Quaternary structure 9. Which method is considered the
reference method for protein quantification?
3. Which type of protein is composed solely a) Serum protein electrophoresis
of amino acids? b) Capillary electrophoresis
a) Conjugated proteins c) Kjeldahl method
b) Simple proteins d) Isoelectric focusing
c) Glycoproteins
d) Lipoproteins 10. At what pH do serum proteins migrate
towards the anode in serum protein
4. Albumin is synthesized in which organ? electrophoresis (SPE)?
a) Kidney a) pH 4.6
b) Liver b) pH 6.6
c) Pancreas c) pH 7.6
d) Spleen d) pH 8.6

5. Which protein is responsible for the 11. Which technique is used for the
transport of iron in the body? qualitative evaluation of immunoglobulins?
a) Transferrin a) Immunonephelometry
b) Albumin b) Radial immunodiffusion (RID)
c) Hemoglobin c) Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)
d) Ceruloplasmin d) Isoelectric focusing

6. What is the clinical significance of 12. What does increased protein in urine
increased levels of a1-Fetoprotein (AFP) in (proteinuria) indicate?
adults? a) Hyperthyroidism
a) Down syndrome b) Tubular or glomerular dysfunction
b) Hepatocellular carcinoma c) Dehydration
c) Renal failure d) Hyperglycemia
 a) 0.6-1.1
13. What is the major nitrogen-containing b) 2.6-6.0
compound in the blood? c) 3.5-7.2
a) Creatinine d) 4.5-9.2
b) Urea
c) Ammonia 20. Which anticoagulant is preferred for
d) Uric acid ammonia measurement in blood samples?
a) EDTA
14. Urea is synthesized in which organ? b) Heparin
a) Kidney c) Citrate
b) Liver d) Oxalate
c) Pancreas
d) Spleen 21. Ammonia is primarily converted to urea
in which organ?
15. Elevated serum creatinine levels a) Kidney
indicate dysfunction of which organ? b) Liver
a) Liver c) Pancreas
b) Pancreas d) Spleen
c) Kidney
d) Spleen 22. Which condition is associated with
increased plasma ammonia levels?
16. Which nitrogen compound is a waste a) Renal failure
product of muscle contraction? b) Hepatic failure
a) Urea c) Diabetes
b) Creatinine d) Hypothyroidism
c) Ammonia
d) Uric acid 23. What is the reference range for serum
creatinine in males (mg/dL)?
17. What is the reference range of serum a) 0.6-1.1
urea in mg/dL? b) 0.9-1.3
a) 1-5 c) 1.2-1.6
b) 6-20 d) 1.5-2.0
c) 21-35
d) 36-50 24. Increased C-reactive protein (CRP)
levels indicate which condition?
18. Uric acid is a waste product of which a) Liver disease
compound's catabolism? b) Tissue necrosis
a) Purine c) Diabetes
b) Pyrimidine d) Renal failure
c) Protein
d) Carbohydrate 25. Which protein is responsible for the
transport of thyroid hormones?
19. What is the reference range for serum a) Albumin
uric acid in males (mg/dL)? b) Prealbumin
 c) Transferrin d) Polysaccharides
d) Ceruloplasmin
32. What is the main function of insulin in
26. What is a characteristic of fibrous glucose metabolism?
proteins? a) Increase blood glucose levels
a) Globe-like and symmetrical b) Decrease blood glucose levels
b) Soluble in water c) Maintain blood glucose levels
c) Long protein filaments d) Convert glucose to glycogen
d) Contains metal prosthetic groups
33. Which hormone increases blood
27. A decrease in a1-Antitrypsin can lead to glucose levels by promoting
which condition? gluconeogenesis?
a) Hemochromatosis a) Insulin
b) Wilson disease b) Glucagon
c) Emphysema-associated pulmonary c) Somatostatin
disease d) Epinephrine
d) Hepatocellular carcinoma
34. What is the diagnostic fasting plasma
28. Which protein is an acute-phase glucose level for diabetes mellitus (mg/dL)?
reactant that binds free hemoglobin? a) 70-99
a) Albumin b) 100-125
b) Haptoglobin c) 126 or above
c) Transferrin d) 140 or above
d) Ceruloplasmin
35. Which test is used for long-term
29. Which method uses small-bore, fused monitoring of blood glucose levels in
silica capillary tubes? diabetes?
a) Serum protein electrophoresis a) Fasting plasma glucose
b) Capillary electrophoresis b) Oral glucose tolerance test
c) High-resolution protein electrophoresis c) Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
d) Isoelectric focusing d) Random plasma glucose

30. Increased levels of which protein can 36. Which enzyme deficiency is associated
indicate multiple myeloma? with glycogen storage diseases?
a) Albumin a) Hexokinase
b) Prealbumin b) Glucose-6-phosphatase
c) Transferrin c) Phosphofructokinase
d) Bence Jones proteins d) Glucokinase

31. Which carbohydrate classification 37. Which type of lipid is a major component
involves a single sugar molecule? of cell membranes?
a) Monosaccharides a) Triglycerides
b) Disaccharides b) Phospholipids
c) Oligosaccharides c) Cholesterol
 d) Fatty acids
44. What is the primary method for
38. High levels of which lipoprotein are diagnosing
considered protective against
cardiovascular disease? dyslipidemias?
a) Chylomicrons a) Serum protein electrophoresis
b) Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) b) Lipoprotein electrophoresis
c) Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) c) Ultracentrifugation
d) High-density lipoproteins (HDL) d) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA)
39. What is the primary function of
chylomicrons? 45. Which enzyme converts cholesterol into
a) Transport cholesterol bile acids?
b) Transport triglycerides a) Lipoprotein lipase
c) Transport phospholipids b) HMG-CoA reductase
d) Transport fatty acids c) 7a-Hydroxylase
d) Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
40. Which enzyme is responsible for the
breakdown of triglycerides in lipoproteins? 46. Increased levels of which protein can
a) Lipoprotein lipase indicate an acute phase reaction?
b) Hormone-sensitive lipase a) Albumin
c) Pancreatic lipase b) Transferrin
d) Phospholipase c) C-reactive protein (CRP)
d) Prealbumin
41. What is the main storage form of lipids
in the body? 47. What is the reference range for total
a) Cholesterol serum cholesterol in adults (mg/dL)?
b) Triglycerides a) 100-150
c) Phospholipids b) 150-200
d) Fatty acids c) 200-240
d) Above 240
42. What is the clinical significance of
increased LDL cholesterol? 48. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels
a) Decreased risk of heart disease are associated with which condition?
b) Increased risk of heart disease a) Hyperthyroidism
c) No risk of heart disease b) Atherosclerosis
d) Protective against heart disease c) Diabetes
d) Hyperglycemia
43. Which hormone is known to increase
the mobilization of stored triglycerides? 49. Which method is considered the gold
a) Insulin standard for measuring high-density
b) Glucagon lipoprotein (HDL)?
c) Epinephrine a) Precipitation methods
d) Cortisol b) Ultracentrifugation
 c) Enzymatic assays
d) Nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy

50. What is the primary clinical use of

measuring apolipoprotein A-I levels?
a) Assessing liver function
b) Diagnosing diabetes
c) Evaluating coronary artery disease risk
d) Monitoring renal function
Answers 42. b) Increased risk of heart disease
43. c) Epinephrine
1. c) Tertiary structure 44. b) Lipoprotein electrophoresis
2. d) Quaternary structure 45. c) 7a-Hydroxylase
3. b) Simple proteins 46. c) C-reactive protein (CRP)
4. b) Liver 47. b) 150-200
5. a) Transferrin 48. b) Atherosclerosis
6. b) Hepatocellular carcinoma 49. b) Ultracentrifugation
7. c) a1-Antitrypsin 50. c) Evaluating coronary artery disease
8. b) Wilson disease risk
9. c) Kjeldahl method
10. d) pH 8.6
11. c) Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)
12. b) Tubular or glomerular dysfunction
13. b) Urea
14. b) Liver
15. c) Kidney
16. b) Creatinine
17. b) 6-20
18. a) Purine
19. c) 3.5-7.2
20. b) Heparin
21. b) Liver
22. b) Hepatic failure
23. b) 0.9-1.3
24. b) Tissue necrosis
25. b) Prealbumin
26. c) Long protein filaments
27. c) Emphysema-associated pulmonary
disease
28. b) Haptoglobin
29. b) Capillary electrophoresis
30. d) Bence Jones proteins
31. a) Monosaccharides
32. b) Decrease blood glucose levels
33. b) Glucagon
34. c) 126 or above
35. c) Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
36. b) Glucose-6-phosphatase
37. b) Phospholipids
38. d) High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
39. b) Transport triglycerides
40. a) Lipoprotein lipase
41. b) Triglycerides