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Bamv 301
Bamv 301
BAMV-301
laxhr foKku
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laxhr foHkkx
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BAMV-301
laxhr foKku
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laxhr foHkkx
foHkk & ekufodh fo|k'k
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fo”ks’kK lfefr
izks0 xksfoUn flag izks0 lR;Hkku 'kekZ Jh lrh'k JhokLro
funs'kd&ekufodh fo|k'kk[kk] iwoZ foHkkxk/;{k] laxhr foHkkx] iwoZ foHkkxk/;{k] laxhr foHkkx]
mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo”ofo|ky;] n;kyckx fo'ofo|ky;] Mh0th0 dkyst] dkuiqj
gY}kuh] uSuhrky n;kyckx
bdkbZ ys[ku
1- MkWa0 egs”k ik.Ms izFke [k.M+ & bdkbZ 1] 2] 3 o 4
2- MkW0 fueZyk tks”kh f}rh; [k.M+ & bdkbZ 1 o 2
r`rh; [k.M+ & bdkbZ 1 o 2
3- MkWa0 js[kk “kkg f}rh; [k.M+ & bdkbZ 3
4- MkWa0 fot; d`’.k r`rh; [k.M+ & bdkbZ 3
1-1 izLrkouk
1-2 mn~ns”;
1-3 e/;dky esa laxhr
1-3-1 eqfLye izos”k ;qx
1-3-2 laxhr xzaFk
1-4 vk/kqfud dky
1-4-1 laxhr fodkl ds dk;Z
1-4-2 orZeku f”k{kk dk Lo:i
1-5 lkjka”k
1-6 “kCnkoyh
1-7 vH;kl iz”uksa ds mRrj
1-8 lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph
1-9 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh
1-10 fucU/kkRed iz”u
1-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0oh0&301½ ds izFke [k.M dh igyh bdkbZ
gSA blls iwoZ dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds Ik'pkr vki crk ldrs gSa fd izkphu dky esa laxhr
fdruk egRoiw.kZ ,oa le`) fo’k; ds :Ik esa izpyu esa FkkA ml le; ds v/;;u ls laxhr lEcU/kh
vusd lw=ksa dk irk pyrk gS ftuds }kjk ml ;qx esa laxhr dh fofHkUu fo/kkvksa] iz;ksxksa ,oa
tuekul esa laxhr ds izfr vuqjkx ij izdk”k iM+rk gSA
bl bdkbZ esa e/;dky ds mijkUr ls vk/kqfud dky rd ds Hkkjrh; laxhr ds bfrgkl ij
izdk”k Mkyk x;k gSA bl bdkbZ esa ml dky esa laxhr dh fLFkfr] xk;u] oknu dh fofHkUu “kSfy;ksa
,oa mudk iz;ksx ds fo’k; esa crk;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds Ik”pkr vki e/;dkyhu ,oa vk/kqfud dkyhu le; esa miyC/k
lkaxhfrd lkexzh dks le> ldsaxs rFkk izkphu laxhr ls bu dkyksa dk lEcU/k LFkkfir dj
rqyukRed v/;;u Hkh dj ldsaxsA vki bu dkyksa esa miyC/k laxhr f”k{kk ds Lo:Ik] fofHkUu “kkL=ksa
,oa izfl) laxhrKksa dh le`) ijEijk dks Hkh le> ldasxsA
1-2 mn~ns”;
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki %&
Û crk ldasxs fd e/;dky ,oa vk/kqfud dky esa izpfyr xk;u] oknu dh fofHkUu “kSfy;ksa ,oa
mudk iz;ksx fdl :Ik esa fd;k tkrk FkkA
Û le>k ldsaxs fd orZeku le; esa laxhr dh tks fLFkfr ,oa Lo:Ik gS og e/;dky ds Ik”pkr
fdl izdkj ls ifjofrZr gksrk vk;k gSA
Û crk ldsaxs fd e/;dky ds le; esa eq[; :Ik ls Hkkjrh; laxhr dh ikjEifjd “kSyh esa fons”kh
“kkldksa }kjk vusd iz;ksx fd, x, ftlls laxhr ds {ks= esa ,d uohu Lo:Ik dk vkfoHkkZo gqvkA
Û crk ldsaxs fd vk/kqfud dky rd izos”k djrs&djrs Hkkjrh; laxhr us lkaLd`frd] lS)kfUrd ,oa
iz;ksxkRed n`f’V ls fdl Lo:Ik dks xzg.k fd;kA
1-3 e/;dky
Hkkjr ,d izQqfYyr vkSj le`+)”kkyh ns”k gksus ds dkj.k fonsf”k;kas us bl ij geys “kq: dj
fn,A bu geyksa dk eq[; mn~ns”; Hkkjr dks ywVuk FkkA bu geykojksa esa xt+uoh us pkj ckj geys
fd,A bu dkj.kksa ls Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] /kkfeZd vkSj lkaLd`frd vFkZO;oLFkk u’V gqbZA
Hkkjrh; tu&lk/kkj.k dk thou vR;f/kd nq[knk;h gks x;kA bruk gh ugha] Hkkjrh; laLd`fr vkSj
lH;rk dh ekSfyd ijEijk dks u’V djds viuh laLd`fr vkSj lH;rk dk izeq[k vax] laxhr Hkh
mldh pisV esa vk x;kA lkfgR; vkSj laxhr dk vk/;kfRed okrkoj.k J`axkfjr izo`fÙk esa cny x;kA
11oha “krkCnh ls ysdj 18oha “krkCnh rd pkgs fonsf”k;ksa dk jkT; jgk gks ;k fQj fdlh vkSj dk]
ijUrq fQj Hkh bl dky esa cgqr lkjs lkaxhfrd xzUFkksa dh jpuk dh xbZA tSls&laxhr jRukdj] xhr
xksfoUn] jkx rjafx.kh¼ykspu½] Lojesydykfuf/k¼jkekekR;½] jkxekyk] jkx eatjh] jkx focks/k¼iq.Mjhd
foB~By½] laxhr ikfjtkr¼vgkscy½] laxhr niZ.k¼ia- nkeksnj½] ân; dkSrqd¼ân; ukjk;.k½] vuwi laxhr
jRukdj¼vuwi½] laxhr foykl] vuqizdk”k¼Hkko HkV~V½ bR;kfnA
1-3-1 eqfLye izos”k ;qx & e/;dky ds vUrxZr eq[;r% f[kyth] rqxyd] yks/kh vkSj eqxy “kkldksa
dk jkT; jgkA laxhr dks ,sfrgkfld fodkl dh n`f’V ls eq[; :Ik ls rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k
tk ldrk gSA
1- laxhr dykdkj
2- lkaxhfrd xzUFk
3- laxhr ds fy, izksRlkgu
• f[kyth dky esa laxhr dykdkj & f[kyth dky esa vehj [kqljks vkSj xksiky uk;d tSls
mPpdksfV ds laxhr dykdkj FksA
• vehj [kqljks & ;g vykmn~nhu ds njckj ds izeq[k jRu esa ls FksA [kqljks Qkjlh ds izfl) dfo
vkSj egku laxhrdkj FksA [kqljks us Hkkjrh; laxhr ij bZjkuh laxhr dk lqesy fd;kA “Hazrat
Amir Khusro introduce a number of Ragas by combining the Persian Muqqams in Indian
Ragas.” blesa ls lktfxjh ljijnk] ;eu dY;k.k] jkr dh iwfj;k] iwohZ vkfn dk uke fo”ks’k rkSj
ij o.kZu ;ksX; gSA
fo”ks’k lkaxhfrd “kSfy;ka % vehj [kqljks dks dkSy] dyokuk] dOokyh] xt+y vkSj rjkuk vkfn dk
vkfo’dkjd ekuk tkrk gSA
fo”ks’k rkysa % QjksnLr] i”rks] lokjh] lwyQkDrk] vkM+kpkSrky] >wejk vkfn rkyksa dk vkfo’dkjd Hkh
vehj [kqljks dks ekuk tkrk gSA
ok| % flrkj vkSj rcys ds vkfo’dkj dk Js; Hkh vehj [kqljks dks gh fn;k tkrk gSA blds ckjs esa
fo}kuksa ds fofHkUu er gSaA ;fn budks vkfo’dkjd u Hkh ekuk tk, rks Hkh ;g t:j dgk tk ldrk
gS fd vehj [kqljks us bu ok|ksa ds izpkj ds fy, fo”ks’k ;Ru fd,A vehj [kqljks us viuk lkjk
thou gh laxhr ds fy, lefiZr dj fn;kA
• xksiky uk;d & f[kyth dky ds nwljs laxhrdkj xksiky uk;d FksA xksiky uk;d nsofxfj
jkT; ds izfl) xk;d FksA 1294 bZ- esa vykmn~nhu us nsofxfj ij geyk fd;k vkSj fot; izkIr dhA
fot; izkIr djus ds ckn og] ogka ds cgqr lkjs xk;dksa dks cUnh cukdj fnYyh ys x;k D;ksafd og
laxhr&izseh FkkA xksiky uk;d laxhr ds fØ;kRed i{k esa gh mRre ugha Fks cfYd laxhr ds
lS)kfUrd i{kksa dk Hkh HkyhHkkafr Kku j[krs FksA bUgkasus [;ky “kSyh ds fodkl ds fy, cgqr ;Ru
fd,A cMgal] ihyw vkfn jkxksa dk vkfo’dkjd budks ekuk tkrk FkkA xksiky uk;d NUn izcU/k
xk;u ds mRre xk;d FksA muds laxhr dh izflf) vke turk esa cgqr izpfyr FkhA vykmn~nhu
• f[kyth dky esa lkaxhfrd xzUFk & vykmn~nhu f[kyth ds le; esa ia- “kkjaxnso us laxhr
jRukdj] t;nso us xhr xksfoUn uked xzUFk dh jpuk dhA
laxhr jRukdj % ia- “kkjaxnso dk le; 1210 bZ- ls ysdj 1247 bZ- ds e/; esa ekuk tkrk gSA ;g
nsofxfj¼nkSyrckn½ ;kno oa”kh jktk ds njckjh laxhrdkj FksA bUgksaus laxhr jRukdj uked xzUFk dh
jpuk dh] ftldks dsoy mRrjh Hkkjrh; laxhr esa gh ugha cfYd nf{k.kh laxhr esa Hkh cgqr egRoiw.kZ
xzUFk ekuk tkrk gSA ;g xzUFk eq[; :Ik ls lkr v/;k;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA
1- Lojk/;k;
2- Rkkyk/;k;
3- Okk|k/;k;
4- u`R;k/;k;
5- jkxk/;k;
6- izcU/kk/;k;
7- izdh.kZdk/;k;
bl xzUFk esa rhuksa dykvksa xk;u] oknu o Uk`R; dk iw.kZ fooj.k feyrk gSA ;g “kq) vkSj
fod`r Lojksa dh la[;k 12 ekurs gSaA bUgksaus Hkjr dh rjg 18 tkfr;ka ekuh ijUrq tkfr;ksa ds y{k.k
crkrs le; rhu vkSj y{k.k tksM+ fn,] ftlls bu tkfr;ksa ds dqy 13 y{k.k crk, x,A bUgksaus
dqy 22 Jqfr;ka ekuh vkSj mu ij Lojksa dh LFkkiuk 4&3&2&4&4&3&2 ds vuqlkj djrs gq, ‘kM~Tk
dks pkSFkh Jqfr ij dk;e fd;kA mUgksaus nlfof/k jkx oxhZdj.k ds vUrxZr xzke] jkx] mijkx] jkx
Hkk’kk] foHkk’kk] vUrj Hkk’kk] jkxkax] fØ;kax] Hkk’kkax] mikax vkfn dk o.kZu fd;k gSA ok| v/;k; esa
bUgkasus pkjksa izdkj ds ok|ksa ds ckjs esa o.kZu fd;k gSA tcfd jkx v/;k; esa 200 ls Åij jkxksa dk
o.kZu fd;k gSA
xhr xksfoUn % xhr xksfoUn dh jpuk 12oha “krkCnh esa t;nso us dhA vki mPpdksfV ds dfo gksus
ds lkFk&lkFk mRre laxhrdkj Hkh Fks] blfy, budks okXxs;dkj Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSA xhr
xksfoUn t;nso dh vej dykd`fr gSA ;g xzUFk laLd`r esa fy[kk x;k gSA bldk vuqokn nwljh
Hkk’kkvksa esa Hkh gks pqdk gSA bl xzUFk esa jk/kk&d`’.k dh izse&yhykvksa dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA ;g
laxhre;h xzUFk ekuk tkrk gS D;ksafd blds inksa ds Åij jkx vkSj rkyksa ds uke vafdr fd, x,
gSaA bl xzUFk dk LFkkbZ Hkko izse gS ijUrq ;g izse nqfu;koh u gksdj vkRek&ijekRek ds feyu dk
izse gSA ;g xzUFk laxhr ds {ks= esa fo”ks’k LFkku j[krk gSA
• ckcj dky esa laxhr & eqxyksa ds lcls igys ckn”kkg ckcj FksA ckcj [kqn ,d vPNk laxhrdkj
FkkA bl dky esa dkyhukFk us Þlaxhr jRukdjß dh Vhdk fy[khA bl dky esa HkfDr vkUnksyu us
tksj idM+kA Hkkjrh;] fonsf”k;ksa ds geys ls ihfM+r gksdj ijekRek dh HkfDr esa yhu gks x,A
HkfDr&vkUnksyu ds izpkjd dchj] jkekUkUn] pSRkU;] ukenso vkSj oS’.ko er ds vuq;k;h vkfn us
laxhrdkj % vdcj us vius njckj esa xk;dksa rFkk okndksa dks fo”ks’k :Ik ls Js; fn;kA vdcj
laxhrdkjksa dk cgqr vknj djrk Fkk vkSj le;≤ ij og mUgsa buke nsdj izksRlkfgr Hkh djrk
jgrk FkkA buds njckj esa nwljh fj;klrksa ds dkykdkj Hkh viuh dyk&izn”kZu ds fy, vkrs FksA
buds njckj esa 36 laxhrdkj FksA buesa ls izeq[k laxhrdkjksa tSls & cStw] rkujax [kka] xksiky [kka]
rkulsu] ckck jkenkl] lwjnkl] cgknqj] Lokeh gfjnkl vkfn ds ckjs esa foLrkj lfgr o.kZu fd;k tk
jgk gSA
rkulsu % Hkkjrh; laxhr ds {ks= esa rkulsu dks laxhr lezkV dgk tkrk gSA rkulsu }kjk laxhr ds
{ks= esa fn;k x;k ;ksxnku csfelky gSA rkulsu cpiu ls gh cgqr uV[kV FkkA i<+kbZ dh txg
izkd`frd okrkoj.k esa cgqr eu yxkrk Fkk vkSj tkuojksa dh vkokt dh udy djus esa fuiq.k FkkA
,d ckj Lokeh gfjnkl th viuh f”k’;&e.Myh ds lkFk taxy ls tk jgs Fks] rks rkulsu us mudks
“ksj dh vkokt+ fudkydj Mjk;kA tc Lokeh th dks ;g irk pyk fd ;g vkokt fdlh “ksj dh
ugha fdlh cPps dh gS] rks og mldh ;ksX;rk ls cgqr izHkkfor gq, vkSj mldks viuk f”k’; cukus
dk fu.kZ; fd;kA rkulsu us Lokeh th ls laxhr dh f”k{kk gkfly djus ds ckn laxhr ds {ks= esa
cStq % cStq Hkh vdcj ds njckj ds izfl) xk;d FksA og Hkh Lokeh gfjnkl ds f”k’; FksA rkulsu
vkSj cStq dh laxhr&izfr;ksfxrk Hkh vDlj gqvk djrh FkhA ftlds ckjs esa dqN fo}kuksa dk er gS fd
vdcj us cStq dk xk;u vf/kd ilUn fd;k Fkk] tcfd vU; fo}ku bl er ls lger ugha gSaA
jkenkl % jkenkl Hkh vdcj ds njckj ds izfl) xk;d FksA bUgksua s jkenklh eYgkj dh jpuk dhA
HkfDr vkUnksyu ds izpkjd % Hkkjr esa HkfDr dh ijEijk cgqr izkphu gSA HkfDr euq’; dks nq%[k] lq[k]
dke] Øks/k] yksHk] eksg] vgadkj vkfn dh Hkkoukvksa ls eqDr djrh gSA HkfDr dk izkphu Lo:Ik osnksa
ds }kjk izkIr gksrk gS] ijUrq e/;dky esa LkEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa HkfDr dh ygj pyh ftldks HkfDr
vkUnksyu dk uke fn;k x;kA HkfDr vkUnksyu ds izpkjdksa us vke turk dks HkfDr ds cqfu;knh
rRoksa dk Kku laxhr ds ek/;e ls fn;kA D;ksafd bu ihjksa&Qdhjksa vkSj larksa us laxhr dks gh viuk
izeq[k lk/ku ekukA e/;dky esa gekjs HkfDr laxhr dh izeq[k foHkwfr;ka ehjkckbZ] lwjnkl] rqylhnkl
vkfn gSaA
Lokeh gfjnkl % Lokeh gfjnkl th rkulsu ds xq: Fks rFkk vk/;kfRed laxhr ds egku laxhrK FksA
Lokeh gfjnkl th us czt Hkk’kk esa vusd /kzqinksa dh jpuk dh vkSj mUgsa xs; :Ik fn;kA ;g dgk tk,
fd Lokeh gfjnkl mRrj Hkkjr ds egku okXxs;dkj Fks rks dksbZ vfr”k;ksfDr ugha gksxhA Lokeh th
xk;u rFkk oknu nksuksa dykvksa esa izoh.k FksA bUgksaus vusd f”k’; rS;kj fd, ftuesa ls rkulsu] cStq
ckojk] xksiky uk;d] enuyky] jkenkl] ia- lkseukFk vkfn dk uke fo”ks’k mYys[kuh; gSA
ehjkckbZ % ehjkckbZ Jh d`’.k dh lPph mikfldk FkhA ehjk us vk/;kfRed inksa vkSj xhrksa dks laxhr
ds :Ik esa <kykA bUgksaus laxhr dh Loj&ygfj;ksa dk xk;u djrs le; djrky] >ka>] eathjk]
,drkjk vkfn ok|ksa dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k vkSj u`R; ds }kjk vius eu ds Hkkoksa dks izdV fd;kA bUgksaus
xk;u] oknu] u`R; rhuksa dykvksa dk lfEefyr :Ik turk ds lkeus izLrqr fd;kA ehjkckbZ ,d Js’B
d`’.k HkDr FkhA mudh HkfDr dk ek/;e ladhrZu FkkA muds }kjk dh XkbZ Hktu&jpuk,a vkt Hkh
vke turk esa izpfyr gSaA muds }kjk jfpr jkx ÞehjkckbZ dh eYgkjß vkt Hkh vke turk esa
izpfyr gSA
rqylhnkl % rqylhnkl ftrus cM+s dfo ,oa HkDr Fks] mrus gh cM+s laxhrK Hkh FksA vdcj ds dky
esa rqylhnkl th us laxhr dks ,d u;k :Ik fn;k] ftlesa u, Hkko] ubZ dYiuk,a eq[; :Ik ls FkhA
muds }kjk jfpr jkepfjr ekul lEiw.kZ :Ik ls laxhr ij vk/kkfjr gS] ftlesa fofHkUu pkSikb;ksa dks
fofHkUu jkxksa dh Loj&ygfj;ksa }kjk ltkdj izLrqr fd;k gSA bUgksaus vius dkO;ksa esa jkxksa dk iw.kZ
:Ik ls iz;ksx fd;k gS tSls d`’.kxhrkoyh esa 10 jkxksa vkSj xhrkoyh esa 21 jkxksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k
gSA mUgksaus HkfDr jl dks fo”ks’k egRo fn;kA rqylhnkl th }kjk jfpr jkek;.k vusd Hkk’kkvksa esa
vuqokfnr gks pqdk gSA
lwjnkl % ckck jkenkl ds iq= lwjnkl th dks mPp dksfV ds vk/;kfRed laxhrdkjksa dh Js.kh esa
j[kk tk ldrk gSA lwjnkl th ,d mPp dksfV ds HkDr dfo vkSj xk;d FksA budks Hkh vk/;kfRed
Js.kh ds mRRke okXxs;dkj dgk tk ldrk gSA bUgksaus lwjeYgkj jkx dh jpuk dh vkSj rhu xzUFk
jpsA ftu xzUFkksa esa lkfgR; vkSj laxhr dk tks o.kZu feyrk gS] og gaS lwjlkxj] lwjlwjkoyh]
lkfgR;ygjhA lwjlkxj esa rks laxhr dk Hkjiwj [kt+kuk gSA blesa laxhr ds ifjHkkf’kd rRo] fofHkUu
“kSfy;ksa] jkxksa vkfn dk o.kZu feyrk gSA
1-3-2 laxhr xzUFk & vdcj ds le; esa iq.Mjhd foV~By us lnzkxpUnzksn;] jkxekyk] jkxeatjh]
jkekekR; us Lojesy dykfuf/k] lwjnkl us lwjlkxj] lwjjpukoyh vkfn izeq[k xzUFkksa dh jpuk dhA
bl dky esa xq: vtqZu nso th us vkfn xzUFk xq: xzUFk dk Hkh ladyu fd;kA xq: vtqZu nso th us
viuh vkSj ikap xq:vksa dh ok.kh ds vfrfjDr nwljs HkDrksa ihj] Qdhjksa dh okf.k;ksa dks bdV~Bk djds
vkfn xq: xzUFk lkfgc dh jpuk dhA blds ckjs esa th-,l- NkcM+k fy[krs gSa & “The hymns of
several other bhaktas were also available. The Guru decided to bring all of them together in
the shape of Granth.”
xq: xzUFk lkfgc esa xq:vksa dh ok.kh ds vfrfjDr nwljs larksa] ihjksa] Qdhjksa dh ok.kh bl
ckr dk izek.k nsrh gS fd xq: xzUFk lkfgc /kEkZ&fujis{k xzUFk gSA I;kjk flag ine viuh iqLrd xzUFk
n”kZu esa fy[krs gSa fd vkfn xzUFk esa lEiznk; rkyhe ds fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA ;gka rks vYykg]
jke] jghe] osn] iqjk.k dk feyktqyk lekl feyrk gSA bldk egRo blfy, ugha gS fd ;g fl[kksa
dk /kEkZ xzUFk gS cfYd blfy, gS fd ;g lcds Hkys dk iSxke gSA
blesa ,d fo”ks’k lEikndh; <ax ekStwn gSA MkW- rkj.k flag fy[krs gSa fd xq: xzUFk lkfgc esa
tks lEikndh; <ax ;k izcU/k ekStwn gS] ;g fo”ks’k :Ik ls xq: vtqZu nso lkfgc dh nsu gSA xzUFk esa
lfEefyr ok.kh dks dhrZu }kjk xk;u dh ijEijk xq: ukud nso th us pykbZA bldk vuqdj.k
ckdh xq:vksa us Hkh fd;kA dhrZu dk “kCndks’kh; vFkZ gS ÞHktu&ijes”oj ds xq.k xkuÞ] jkx lfgr
djrkj ds xq.k xkukA lEiw.kZ ok.kh dks jkxksa ds vUrxZr ckaVk x;kA laxhr dk lgkjk ysdj xq:
ok.kh ds jpukdkjksa us lEiw.kZ euq’;rk dks HkkbZpkjk] /keZ&fujis{krk vkSj ekufld “kkfUr dk lUns”k
fn;kA
xq:vksa us /keZ vkSj laxhr dk esy fd;kA blds ckjs esa lqjthr flag xka/kh viuh iqLrd
ÞfgLVjh vkWQ fl[k xq: xzUFkß esa fy[krs gSa fd & “The gurus considered devine worship
through music.” mudk eq[; mn~ns”; vk/;kfRed i{k dks mHkkjuk Fkk u fd lkaxhfrd i{k dksA
laxhr dk rks mUgksaus ek= lgkjk gh fy;kA
Lojesy dykfuf/k % nf{k.kh laxhr fo}ku~ jkekekR; us bl xzUFk dh jpuk dhA blesa ikap izdj.k gSaA
tSls Loj izdj.k] miksn~/kkr izdj.k] oh.kk izdj.k] esy izdj.k vkSj jkx izdj.kA Loj izdj.k esa lkr
“kq) vkSj lkr fod`r Loj ekus x, gSaA oh.kk izdj.k esa oh.kk dh MkaM ij vkius 14 Loj LFkkfir
laxhr niZ.k % tgkaxhj dky esa laxhr dk Lrj cgqr Åapk FkkA buds “kkludky esa foykl [kka]
ijost [kka] Nrj [kka vkfn izfl) laxhrdkj FksA buds dky esa iafMr nkeksnj us Þlaxhr niZ.kß
xzUFkksa dh jpuk dhA 1625 bZ- esa iafMr nkeksnj }kjk laxhr niZ.k dh jpuk gqbZA bl xzUFk ds nks
v/;k; gSa] igyk Loj v/;k; vkSj nwljk jkx v/;k;A ;g xzUFk fgUnh] Qkjlh] xqtjkrh vkfn
Hkk’kkvksa esa fy[kk x;k gSA bl xzUFk esa jkxksa dk fo”ks’k o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
jkx rRo focks/k % lkseukFk ds }kjk fyf[kr jkx rRo focks/k Hkh blh dky dh jpuk gSA bUgksaus dqy
22 Jqfr;ka ekuhA bUgksaus lkr “kq) vkSj 15 v”kq) Lojksa dk o.kZu 23 esyksa ds vUrxZr fd;kA
Lakxhr ikfjtkr % vkSjaxtsc ds dky esa laxhr dks bruk izksRlkgu ugha feyk D;ksafd og laxhr dk
izseh ugha Fkk ijUrq fQj Hkh laxhr ds lk/kd ,dkUr esa cSBdj laxhr dh lk/kuk djrs jgsA buds
“kkludky esa ân;ukjk;.k us ân;dkSrqd] ân; izdk”k] HkkoHkV~V us vuwi laxhr foykl] vgkscy us
laxhr ikfjtkr] O;aadVeq[kh us prqnZf.M izdkf”kdk vkfn izfl) xzUFkksa dh jpuk dhA
Lkaxhr ikfjtkr xzUFk dk le; 17oha “krkCnh ds e/; dk ekuk tkrk gSA mUgksaus bl xzUFk
dks lkr v/;k;ksa esa ckaVk] tks bl izdkj gSa&1- eaxykpj.k] 2- Loj izdj.k 3- jkx izdj.k 4- ewPNZuk
izdj.k] 5- o.kZ] vyadkj izdj.k 6- tkfr izdj.k 7- jkx izdj.kA ;g xzUFk nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa fo”ks’k
LFkku j[krk gSA
vuwi laxhr jRukdj] vuwi foykl] vuwi izdk”k % HkkoHkV~V us vuwi laxhr jRukdj] vuwi foykl]
vuwi izdk”k vkfn rhu xzUFk fy[ksA bu xzzUFkksa esa laxhr ds ikfjHkkf’kd rRo tSls Loj] xzke] ewPNZuk]
vyadkj vkfn dk o.kZu fd;kA blds vfrfjDr /kzqin xk;u “kSyh vkSj jkxksa ds Hksnksa ds ckjs esa
crk;kA
ân; dkSrqd vkSj ân; izdk”k % ân; ukjk;.k ds ân; dkSrqd vkSj ân; izdk”k uked xzUFkksa dh
jpuk vkSjaxtsc ds le; esa gh ekuh tkrh gSA blesa mUgksaus oh.kk dh rkj dh yEckbZ ds vk/kkj ij
Lojksa dh LFkkiuk dhA blesa laxhr ds ikfjHkkf’kd rRoksa tSls oknh] laoknh] fooknh] rku vkfn dk
o.kZu fd;k gSA bUgksaus ,d jkx] ftldk uke ân; jkx j[kk] dh jpuk Hkh dhA
1-4-1 laxhr fodkl ds dk;Z & t;iqj ujs”k egkjktk izrki flag¼1779 bZ- ls 1804 bZ-½ dh iszj.kk
ds lkFk laxhr fo}kuksa dk ,d lEesyu gqvkA blds QyLo:Ik laxhr lkj xzaFk dk fuekZ.k gqvkA
blesa fcykoy FkkV ds Lojksa dks “kq) ekuk x;kA 19oha “krkCnh esa Hkkjrh; laxhr ds fodkl ds fy,
dke gq,A mLrknh xk;dh dh Lojfyfi rS;kj dh xbZA v”yhy xhrksa ds LFkku ij HkfDr Hkko ds
inksa dks LFkkfir fd;k x;kA laxhr “kkL= dh foLrkj ls ppkZ gqbZA ckdh fo’k;ksa dh rjg laxhr dks
LFkku feykA “kkL=h; laxhr ds izfr tu&lk/kkj.k dh :fp iSnk gqbZA
uxekrs vklQh % lu~ 1813 esa iVuk ds eksgEen jtk us Þuxekrs vklQhÞ dks fy[kkA bUgksaus iqjkuh
jkx&jkfxuh i)fr dks xyr crk;k vkSj viuh ,d uohu i)fr 6 jkxksa vkSj 36 jkfxfu;ksa okyh
pykbZA dbZ fo}kuksa dk fopkj gS fd bl xzaFk esa gh lcls igys fcykoy dks “kq) FkkV ekuk x;kA
laxhr dYinzqe % lu~ 1842 esa d`’.kkuUn O;kl us ;g iqLrd fy[khA ;g dydRrk ls izdkf”kr gqbZA
blesa ml le; rd izpfyr /kzqin] /kekj] [;ky dh “kCnkoyh nh xbZ gSA
dSiVu foyjM % 1834 esa bUgksaus ,d iqLrd A treatise on the music of Hindustan fy[kh vkSj
izdkf”kr dhA
,e-,l-VSxksj % caxky ds izfl) jktk ,e-,l- VSxksj us jkx&jkfxuh i)fr dks Lohdkj djds
¼1867&96½ ds le; esa dbZ iqLrdsa fy[khaA
1- English Verses to Hindu Music
2- Six Raags and Thirty Six Raginis
3- Kantha Kaumudi
4- Sangeet Sar
5- The Universal History of music
;g iqLrdsa cgqr gh mi;ksxh fl) gqbZA
d`’.kk /ku cSuthZ % budh iqLrd Þxhr lw=/kkjß esa fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr ls lEcfU/kr vusd /kzqinksa
dk ladyu gSA buesa /kzqinksa dh jpukvksa dh Lojfyfi LVkQ uksVs”ku esa dh xbZ gSA nf{k.k ds laxhr
fo}ku vkidh laxhr&jpukvksa dks cgqr vknj vkSj J)k ds lkFk xkrs gSaA
iUukyky xksLokeh % budk laxhr xzaFk Þukn fouksnÞ 1896 bZ- esa izdkf”kr gqvkA blesa jkxksa ds izkphu
Lo:Ik] 6 jkx 36 jkfxfu;ksa ds xk;u ds fofHkUu i{kksa vkSj flrkj ds inksa ads ckjs esa fo”ks’k tkudkjh
feyrh gSA
laxhr lEiznk; izn”kZuh % dukZVd laxhr dh ;g iqLrd lqHkkjko }kjk izdkf”kr gqbZA blesa “kkL=h;
jpukvksa ds vykok O;adVeq[kh] “;ke “kkL=h] jkekLokeh vkfn dukZVd ds vusd izfl) jpukdkjksa
dh jpuk,a “kkfey gSaA
jktk uokc vyh % jktk uokc vyh] tks fd ykgkSj ds jgus okys Fks] mUgksaus lu~ 1911 bZ- esa
ekfjQqUuxekr dh jpuk dhA ;g Hkkr[k.Ms th ls izHkkfor gq, vkSj muds lEidZ esa vk,A bldk
fgUnh esa Hkh vuqokn gks pqdk gSA
1-4-2 orZeku f”k{kk dk Lo:i & vk/kqfud laxhr esa fo”ks’k :Ik ls f”k{kk ds {ks= esa lq/kkj ykus dk
Js; iafMr Hkkr[kaMs th vkSj iqyLdj th dks tkrk gSA
• iafMr fo’.kq ukjk;.k Hkkr[kaMs % 10 vxLr 1860 dks egkjk’Vª esa Hkkr[kaMs th dk tUe gqvkA
mUgksaus ch-,-] ,y-,y-ch- rd dh f”k{kk izkIr dhA bUgksaus Hkkjrh; laxhr dks Åapk LFkku fnykus ds
fy, vius izkphu vkpk;ksZa ds xzUFkksa dk v/;;u fd;kA lkjs Hkkjr dh ;k=k djus ds ckn tks lkexzh
tgka feyh] mldks izkIr fd;kA izkphu ,oa uohu fopkjksa dks bdV~Bk djds ml ij “kkL=ksa dh
lgefr ds lkFk viuk n`f’Vdks.k fu/kkZfjr fd;kA
laxhr ds {ks= esa fo”ks’k dk;Z % mu fnuksa esa jkx&jkfxuh dh izFkk izpfyr FkhA laxhrdkj T;knk
f”kf{kr u gksus ds dkj.k jkx ds fu;eksa dh vksj /;ku u nsrs gq, ftl izdkj Hkh mudks fl[kyk;k
tkrk Fkk] xzg.k dj ysrs FksA Hkkr[kaMs th us dbZ LFkkuksa ij vius xzaFkksa esa bl izdkj dk o.kZu fd;k
gSA cgqr cMs+&cM+s xk;d xk;u rks cgqr vPNk djrs Fks ijUrq mudks u rks jkx dk Kku Fkk vkSj u
gh FkkV dk Kku FkkA os ;g Hkh ugha crk ldrs Fks fd o dkSu ls Loj yxk jgs gSaA ;g ns[kdj
Hkkr[kaMs th us nf{k.k esy i)fr ls izHkkfor gksdj Þtud FkkV i)frÞ dk izpkj fd;k] ftldks
yksxksa us le>k] mi;ksfxrk dk /;ku j[kk vkSj viuk fy;kA buesa lcls cM+h fo”ks’krk ;g gS fd ;s
i<+s&fy[ks FksA blh dkj.k os mPp dksfV rFkk fuEu dksfV ds laxhrdkjksa ds lkFk lEidZ LFkkfir dj
ldsA
xzaFk&ys[ku % Hkkr[kaMs th us vfHkuo jkx eatjh laLd`r esa vkSj fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed
iqLrd ekfydk&6 Hkkxksa esa vkSj ejkBh Hkk’kk esa Hkh xzaFk fy[ksA blds vykok vaxzsth rFkk vU;
Hkk’kkvksa esa Hkh iqLrdsa fy[khA
bUgksaus izkphu mLrknh cafn”kksa dks mlh :Ik esa dk;e j[kus ds fy, viuh Lojfyfi dk
fuekZ.k djds mlesa cafn”ksa fy[khA vkus okys fo|kFkhZ oxZ ds fy, y{k.k xhrksa dk izpkj fd;kA prqj]
prj vkfn miuke budh jpukvksa esa feyrs gSaA gjjax ds miuke rFkk xhr mUgksaus vius mLrkn
eksgEen vyh [kka lkgc dh Le`fr esa fy[ksA
laxhr lEesyu rFkk laxhr f”k{kk laLFkk,a % Hkkr[kaMs th us Hkkjr ds fofHkUu LFkkuksa cM+kSnk] fnYyh]
cukjl] y[kuÅ vkfn esa laxhr lEesyu fd,A blesa laxhr lEcU/kh “kkL=&ppkZ vkSj izfl)
dykdkjksa dks bdV~Bk djds lk/kkj.k turk dks laxhr dyk dk ifjp; djok;kA Xokfy;j] cM+kSnk]
y[kuÅ vkfn LFkkuksa ij laxhr f”k{kk dk izpkj djus ds fy, laxhr ds fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh
xbZ] tks vkt Hkh lQyrkiwoZd py jgs gSaA
• iafMr fo’.kq fnxEcj iqyLdj % 1872 esa egkjk’Vª esa iqyLdj th dk tUe gqvkA laxhr ds
laLdkj buds vanj FksA ckY;koLFkk esa gh vkfr”kckth ds lkFk us= pys tkus ds dkj.k ;g i<+kbZ
ugha dj lds rFkk laxhr dh vksj iwjk /;ku nsus yxsA
laxhr {ks= esa egku dk;Z % iafMr th us laxhr ds m)kj dk egku~ dk;Z fd;kA muds le; esa
Hkkjrh; laxhr vuq”khyu ds vU/kdkj esa iM+k FkkA mldh viuh ifo=rk lekIr gks xbZ FkhA fczfV”k
dky esa Hkkjrh; laxhr ls ?k`.kk dh tkrh Fkh ;g ns[kdj bl egku~ vkRek dk fny dkai mBkA
9 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1
Ckh0,0,e0oh0&301
vius mn~ns”; dh iwfrZ ds fy, mUgksaus xhrksa esa ls v”yhy rFkk Ja`xkj jl ds “kCn fudkydj HkfDr
jl ds “kCnksa dk lekos”k fd;kA QyLo:Ik budh ok.kh dk yksxksa ij cgqr izHkko iM+kA buds
O;fDrRo ls IkzHkkfor gksdj yksxksa us buds laxhr dks viuk;kA
laxhr izpkj ds fy, bUgksaus laxhr fo|ky; [kksys rFkk vusd ;ksX; f”k’; rS;kj fd,A lcls
igys 1907 esa ÞykgkSj xU/koZÞ egkfo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dhA blds ckn fnYyh] cEcbZ rFkk iwuk esa
laxhr laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk Hkh dhA muds dqN xU/koZ jRuksa ds uke bl izdkj gSa&iafMr fouk;d
jko iVo/kZu] vksadkj ukFk Bkdqj] iafMr ukjk;.k jko O;kl] Jh “kadj jko O;kl] ukjk;.k jko]
lksjs”oj [kjs vkfnA
xzaFk ys[ku % vki us cgqr lkjs xzaFkksa dh Hkh jpuk dhA laxhr cky cks/k] laxhr cky izdk”k] jkx
izos”k vkfn iafMr th dh egku d`fr;ka gSaA bUgksaus ,d ekfld if=dk Hkh pykbZ tks fd laLFkk esa gh
izdkf”kr gksrh FkhA dqN le; ckn og can gks xbZA
HkfDr Hkkouk rFkk vafre thou % iafMr th dks lekt esa cgqr Åapk LFkku izkIr gqvkA vius thou
ds vafre le; esa mUgksaus lalkj ls oSjkX; ys fy;k vkSj lc dqN NksM+dj vius }kjk cuk, Þjke
uke vk/kkjÞ vkJe esa jgus yxsA vki jkek;.k vkSj Þj?kqifr jk?ko jktk jke] ifrr ikou lhrkjkeÞ
iafDr;ksa dk xk;u djus yxsA TkStSoarh jkx ds Lojksa esa xkbZ gqbZ mudh ;g /kqu Hkkjrh;ksa ds dkuksa esa
vkt Hkh xwatrh gSA
bl izdkj bu nksuksa egku~ laxhrdkjksa¼ia- Hkkr[kaMs vkSj ia- iqyLdj½ ds egku iz;Ruksa rFkk
esgur ds dkj.k Hkkjrh; laxhr viuk LFkku IkzkIr dj ldk vkSj mUufr dh vksj py iM+kA vkt
laxhr ds fØ;kRed rFkk “kkL=h; nksuksa i{kksa dk leqfpr fodkl gks jgk gSA vkt ;gka cM+s&cM+s
laxhrdkj viuh dyk dk izn”kZu dj jgs gSaA ogka nwljh vksj laxhr “kkL= esa u, vuqla/kkuksa }kjk
laxhr dk foLrkj cgqr rhoz xfr ls gks jgk gSA vkt Hkkjrh; laxhr fnu&izfrfnu cgqr mUufr dj
jgk gS rFkk nwljs fo’k;ksa dh Hkkafr mfpr LFkku izkIr dj jgk gSA
• vksadkjukFk Bkdqj % iafMr vksadj ukFk Bkdqj dk laxhr&txr~ dks fn;k x;k ;ksxnku ges”kk
vej jgsxkA vki ,d mPpdksfV ds laxhrdkj FksA vkius laxhrkatyh] iz.ko Hkkjrh uked iqLrdsa
fy[khA 1955 esa vki dks Hkkjr ljdkj dh vksj ls i|Jh dh mikf/k ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA vki
Xokfy;j ?kjkus ls LkEcU/k j[krs FksA vki [;ky xk;u esa cgqr ekfgj Fks ijUrq /kzqin] Bqejh] Hktu Hkh
xkrs FksA
• mLrkn vykmn~nhu [kka % mLrkn vykmn~nhu [kka dk laxhr {ks= esa fo”ks’k ;ksxnku gSA vki dks
laxhr ds fy, dbZ eqf”dyksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k ijUrq blls vkidh ftKklk de ugha gqbZA
vkius xk;u vkSj oknu nksukas esa gh dq”kyrk izkIr dhA vkidks jk’Vªifr dh vksj ls in~e Hkw’k.k dh
mikf/k ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA vkius laxhr ds {ks= esa mPp dksfV ds f”k’; rS;kj fd, ftuesa ls
ia- jfo “kadj] m0 vyh vdcj [kka th dk uke mYys[kuh; gSA
vk/kqfud ;qx ds mHkjrs dykdkj & 20oha “krkCnh esa cgqr lkjs mHkjrs dykdkj laxhr ds Lrj dks
Åapk djus dh dksf”k”k dj jgs gSa] muesa iafMr foyk;r [kka] iafMr jfo “kadj] vyh vdcj [kka]
lqtkr [kka] vYyk jD[kk [kka] tkfdj gqLkSu] gfj izlkn pkSjfl;k] fclfeYyk [kka vkfn dk uke
mYys[kuh; gSA ;g laxhrdkj vius&vius {ks= esa laxhr dk izpkj ,oa izlkj dj jgs gSaA
vk/kqfud ;qx esa laxhr fodkl ds vU; lk/ku & vk/kqfud ;qx jsfM;ks rFkk Vh-oh- dk ;qx gSA jsfM;ks
rFkk Vh-oh- }kjk mPp dksfV ds laxhrdkjksa ds fopkj rFkk mudh dyk is”k dh tkrh gS] ftlls
laxhr dk dkQh izpkj gqvk gSA
laxhr iqLrdsa % laxhr ds fofHkUu i{kksa ij¼fØ;kRed ,oa lS)kfUrd½ iqLrdsa izdkf”kr gks jgh gSaA
laxhr] laxhr dyk fogkj] bafM;u E;wftd tujy] ekfld if=dk,a laxhr ds izR;sd fo’k; ij
jks”kuh Mky jgh gSaA
vH;kl iz'u
d- y?kq mRrjh; iz'u %&
1- xhr xksfoUn ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
2- ekuflag rksej dky esa laxhr dh fLFkfr dks la{ksi esa le>kb,A
3- vk/kqfud dkyhu izfl) laxhr xzaFkksa ds uke crkb,A
4- mLrkn vykmn~nhu [kka ds lkaxhfrd ;ksxnku dks crkb,A
1-5 lkjka”k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki e/;dky ds mijkUr ls vk/kqfud dky rd ds
Hkkjrh; laxhr ds bfrgkl ds fo’k; esa tku pqds gksaxsA e/;dky esa eq[; :Ik ls fons”kh vkØe.kksa ls
Hkkjr dh /kkfeZd ,oa lkaLd`frd vFkZO;oLFkk ij fo”ks’k izHkko iM+kA fo”ks’k :Ik ls mRrj Hkkjrh;
laxhr ij bldk O;kid izHkko iM+kA e/;dky esa f[kyth] rqxyd] yks/kh ,oa eqxy “kkldksa dk rFkk
vk/kqfud dky esa fczfV”k lkezkT; dk izHkko jgk] ftldk izHkko laxhr dh fofHkUu fo/kkvksa ,oa
laxhrKksa ij iM+kA bu dkyksa esa [;ky] rjkuk] xt+y] dOokyh vkfn vusd uohu fo/kkvksa dk
ewY;kadu gqvk rFkk vusd jkxksa ,oa rkyksa dk vkfo’dkj Hkh gqvkA e/;dky esa lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa HkfDr
dh ygj pyhA HkfDr ds ekxZ dks tu&tu rd igqapkus gsrq laxhr dk ek/;e gh fo”ks’k :Ik ls
jgkA HkfDr laxhr esa izeq[k :Ik ls ehjkckbZ] lwjnkl] rqylhnkl vkfn foHkwfr;ka jghaA e/;dky esa
izeq[k xzUFkksa esa Lojesy dykfu/kh] laxhr niZ.k] jkx rRo focks/k] laxhr ikfjtkr] vuwi laxhr
jRukdj] ân; dkSrqd vkfn dh jpuk gqbZA vk/kqfud dky esa vaxzstksa ds vkxeu ls Hkkjrh; laxhr
dk iru gksus yxkA 19oha “krkCnh ls Hkkjrh; laxhr ds fodkl ds fy, dk;Z “kq: gq,A vusd xzUFk
uxekrs vklQh] laxhr dYinzqe] Øfed iqLrd ekfydk] laxhrkatfy vkfn xzUFkksa dh jpuk gqbZA ia-
1-6 “kCnkoyh
1- f}Jqfrd] f=Jqfrd ,oa prqJZqfrd & Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; laxhr esa lkr Loj fofHkUu Jqfr;ksa ij
LFkkfir ekus x, gSaA izkphu le; ls 22 Jqfr;ksa dk izpyu FkkA izR;sd Loj dh Jqfr;k¡ fHkUu&fHkUu
gSaA tSls & ‘kM+t ,oa iape] prqJZqfrd gaS( xU/kkj ,oa fu’kkn] f=Jqfrd rFkk /kSor ,oa _’kHk] f}Jqfrd
gaSA
2- izcU/k & izkphudky esa fuc) xku ds vUrxZr izcU/k] :id vkfn vkrs FksA izcU/k dh pkj /kkrq,¡
mnxzkg] esykid] /kqzo vkSj vkHkksx gSaA
3- dOokyh & dOokyh xk;u “kSyh dk ,d izdkj gSA izkjEHk esa ;g eqfLye /keZ esa vf/kdrj HkfDr
Hkko ds fy, xkbZ tkrh Fkh ijUrq vkt blds dbZ :i fn[krs gSaA
4- tkfr xk;u & ftl izdkj orZeku esa jkx xk;u izpfyr gS] mlh izdkj izkphu le; esa tkfr
xk;u dk izpyu FkkA
2-1 izLrkouk
2-2 mn~ns';
2-3 Hkkjrh; laxhr esa esy vFkok FkkV
2-4 ia- O;adVeq[kh ds 72 FkkV
2-4-1 FkkV jpuk fof/k
2-5 ia fo-ukjk;.k Hkkr[kaMs ds nl FkkV
2-5-1 fgUnqLrkuh laxhr ds nl FkkV ,oa muds Loj
2-6 fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr esa xf.krkuqlkj 32 FkkVksa dh mRifRr
2-7 lkjka'k
2-8 'kCnkoyh
2-9 vH;kl iz'uksa ds mRrj
2-10 lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph
2-11 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh
2-12 fucU/kkRed iz”u
2-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0oh0&301½ ds izFke [k.M dh nwljh bdkbZ gSA
blls iwoZ dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds bfrgkl ls ifjfpr gks pqds gksaxsA
bl bdkbZ esa Hkkjrh; laxhr esa FkkV i)fr ds fo’k; esa crk;k x;k gSA jkxksa ds oxhZdj.k ds
lEcU/k esa FkkV@esy i)fr vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gSA bl bdkbZ esa esy vFkok FkkV ds jpuk fu;eksa dks Hkh
crk;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds Ik”pkr vki esy vFkok FkkV ds vUrxZr vkus okys fofHkUu jkxksa ds
oxhZdj.k dh i)fr dks le> ldsaxsA orZeku esa jkx oxhZdj.k dh i)fr;ksa esa mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr esa
FkkV ,oa nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr esa esy oxhZdj.k dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ls vki esy
vFkok FkkV ds jpuk fu;eksa ds vk/kkj ij jkxksa dks mlesa iz;qDr dj ldsaxsA
2-2 mn~ns”;
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds Ik”pkr vki %&
Û crk ldsaxs dh orZeku esa jkx oxhZdj.k dh i)fr ÞFkkV vFkok esy oxhZdj.kß oSKkfud ,oa ljy gSA
Û le>k ldsaxs fd FkkV ,oa esy oxhZdj.k i)fr ds vUrxZr jkxksa dks fdu vko”;d fu;eksa ds vk/kkj
ij oxhZd`r fd;k tkrk gSA
Û crk ldsaxs fd FkkV vFkok esy oxhZdj.k ds vUrXkZr mRrjh ,oa nf{k.kh i)fr esa dkSu ls izeq[k jkxksa
dks j[kk x;k gSA
Û crk ldasxs fd mRrjh FkkV i)fr ,oa nf{k.kh esy i)fr ds vUrxZr nksuksa dh oxhZdj.k i)fr ds
vk/kkj ij ,d uohu i)fr dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ftlesa dqN ,sls jkxksa dks Hkh LFkku izkIr
gks tks bu i)fr;ksa esa iz;qDr ugha gks ldrs gksaA
Lojksa dh fo”ks’krk,a & Lojksa dh fo”ks’krk,a ns[kus ds fy, ia- O;adVeq[kh dh Loj rkfydk dks le>uk
vko”;d gSA
fgUnqLrkuh Loj ia- O;adVeq[kh ds Loj
l l
js dksey js “kq)
js “kq) iapJqfr js ;k “kq) x
x dksey ‘kV~Jqfr js ;k lk/kkj.k x
x “kq) varj x
e “kq) e “kq)
e rhoz izfr e
Ik Ik
/k dksey /k “kq)
/k “kq) iapJqfr /k ;k “kq) fu
fu dksey ‘kVJqfr /k ;k dSf”kd fu
fu “kq) dkdyh uh
mi;qZDr Loj rkfydk ns[kus ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd O;adVeq[kh us Hkh fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr
dh rjg dqy 12 Loj gh ekus gSa] vUrj dsoy ;g gS fd iafMr O;adVeq[kh th us ,d Loj ds nks uke
j[ksA
1- tSls vxj fdlh FkkV esa nksuksa js vFkkZr “kq) js vkSj iapJqfr js bdV~Bs iz;qDr gksrs gSa rks igyk
_’kHk gh jgsxk vkSj nwljk js “kq) xa/kkj dgyk,xkA
2- tgka iapJqfr _’kHk gksxk ogka ‘kV~Jqfr _’kHk ugha gksxkA
3- tgka ‘kV~Jqfr _’kHk gksxk ogka lk/kkj.k x ugha gksxkA
4- tgka lk/kkj.k x gksxk ogka vUrj x ugha gksxkA
5- tgka “kq) /k gksxk ogka iapJqfr fu ugha gksxkA
6- tgka “kq) fu gksxk ogka ‘kV~Jqfr /k ;k dSf”kd fu ugha gksxkA
15 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 2
Ckh0,0,e0oh0&301
7- tgka dSf”kd fu gksxk ogkaa dkdyh fu ugha gksxkA
2-4-1 esy ;k FkkV jpuk&fof/k & O;adVeq[kh us ,d lIrd ds 12 Lojksa lk js js x x e i /k /k fu
fu lka esa ls rhoz e dks FkksM+s le; ds fy, fudky fn;k vkSj 12 dh la[;k iwjh djus ds fy, rkj lk
tksM+ fn;kA bl rjg 12 Lojksa dks nks cjkcj Hkkxksa eas ckaV fy;kA igys Hkkx dks iwokZax vkSj nwljs Hkkx
dks mRrjkax dgk x;kA
iwokaZx mRrjkax
lk js js x x e Ik /k /k fu fu lka
lIrd esa rkj lk tksM+us ls Lojksa dh fxurh vkB gks xbZA FkkV jpuk esa lIrd ds nksuksa Hkkxksa
esa pkj&pkj Loj gksus vko”;d gSa vkSj mu Pkkj&pkj Lojksa esa l vkSj e nksuksa Loj iwokZax esa vkSj Ik vkSj
rkj l mRrjkax esa gksuk t:jh gSA
iwokZax mRrjkax
1- lk js js e 1- Ik /k /k lka
2- lk js x e 2- Ik /k fu lka
3- lk js x e 3- Ik /k fu lka
4- lk js x e 4- Ik /k fu lka
5- lk js x e 5- Ik /k fu lka
6- lk x x e 6- Ik fu fu lka
bl rjg lIrd ds izR;sd Hkkx esa N%&N% u, Loj Lo:Ik izkIr gq,A iwokZax ds izR;sd Loj
lewg dks ckjh&ckjh mRrjkax ds Loj lewgks ls feyk;k tk,xk vFkkZr~ dsoy ,d Loj lewg ysuk gS vkSj
mldks mRrjkax ds IkzR;sd Loj lewg ls feykuk gSA tSls&
iwokZax mRrjkax
1- lk js js e Ik /k /k lka
2- lk js js e Ik /k fu lka
3- lk js js e Ik /k fu lka
4- lk js js e Ik /k fu lka
5- lk js js e Ik /k fu lka
6- lk js js e Ik fu fu lka
bl rjg iwokZax dk rks igyk Loj lewg fy;k x;k vkSj mldks mRrjkax ds izR;sd Loj lewg
ds lkFk tksM+k x;kA mlds Ik”pkr~ blh rjg iwokZax ds nwljs Loj lewg dks fy;k tk,xk vkSj mRrjkax
ds IkzR;sd Loj lewg ls lkFk tksM+k tk,xkA bl rjg N% Loj lewgksa dks ckj&ckj tksM+dj 6 x 6 = 36
FkkV feysaxsA ;g fof/k rhoz e Loj yxkdj gh djuh gS vFkkZr “kq) e dh txg rhoz e jgsxk D;ksafd
mldks igys Loj&lewg ls fudky fn;k x;k FkkA tSls &
iwokZax mRrjkax
1- lk js js eÞ Ik /k /k lka
2- lk js js eÞ Ik /k fu lka
3- lk js js eÞ Ik /k fu lka
4- lk js js eÞ Ik /k fu lka
5- lk js js eÞ Ik /k fu lka
6- lk js js eÞ Ik fu fu lka
FkkV ifjHkk’kk & FkkV ;k esy ,d&nwljs ds Ik;kZ;okph “kCn gSaA lkr Lojksa dk og Øfed lewg] tks
jkx mRiUu djus dh “kfDr j[krk gks] FkkV dgykrk gSA fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr esa FkkV dks
tud¼tUe nsus okyk½ vkSj jkxksa dks tU;¼tUe ysus okyk½ dgk x;k gSA jkxksa ds fo”ks’k Loj lewgksa dks
ns[kdj fo”ks’k FkkV ds varxZr j[kk tkrk gSA mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr esa FkkVksa dh la[;k nl ekuh xbZ gS
vkSj og gSa&dY;k.k] fcykoy] [kekt] HkSjo] HkSjoh] iwohZ] ekjok] dkQh] vklkojh] rksM+hA D;ksafd FkkV ml
Loj&lewg jpuk dks dgk tkrk gS tks jkx mRiUu djus dh “kfDr j[krk gks blfy, FkkV ds fo”ks’k
fu;e cuk, x, gSaA
nl FkkVksa dh oSKkfudrk & Hkkr[k.Ms th us rks dsoy bruk gh dgk fd O;adVeq[kh ds 72 esydrkZvksa
esa ls fgUnqLrkuh&i)fr ds fy, ;gh nl FkkV mi;qDr gSaA vkxs pydj izks0 yfyr fd”kksj flag tks
Lo;a HkkSfrd&”kkL= ds Kkrk Fks] us bu nl FkkVksa ij /ofu&foKku ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj
budh oSKkfudrk ij fo”kn~ fopkj fd;k vkSj ;g fl) fd;k fd dsoy ;gh nl FkkV 72 esyksa esa ls
oSKkfud fu;eksa ij [kjs mrjrs gSaA ;gk¡ blh fcUnq ij dqN fopkj fd;k tk,xkA
1- lkr “kq) vkSj ik¡p fod`r Lojksa esa ls FkkV ds fy, lkr Loj Øekuqlkj gksus pkfg,A
2- izR;sd FkkV esa ‘kM~t] iape ds vfrfjDr nksuksa e/;eksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk gksuk vko”;d gSA
3- js js x x /k /k fu fu esa ls nks iwokZax vkSj nks mRrjkax esa gksus pkfg,A
4- “kq) vkSj fod`r :iksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk gksuk vko”;d gSA
5- ml FkkV esa izR;sd Loj dk ^’kM~t&e/;e* ;k ^’kM~t&iape* laokn gksuk vko”;d gSA
6- rhoz e/;e ds lkFk “kq) fu’kkn rFkk lkFk gh dksey js ;k “kq) xa/kkj dk gksuk vfr vko”;d gSA
iwokZ) mRrjk)Z
¼lk js js x x e½ ¼Ik /k /k fu fu lka½
¼1½ lk js x e ¼1½ Ik /k fu lka
¼2½ lk js x e ¼2½ Ik /k fu lka
¼3½ lk js x e ¼3½ Ik /k fu lka
¼4½ lk js x e ¼4½ Ik /k fu lka
iwokZ) rFkk mRrjk)Z ds Loj & lewgksa dks feykus ls gedks dqy 4X4=16 FkkV izkIr gksaxsA ;s 16 FkkV
“kq) e/;e ds vkSj blh izdkj 16 FkkV rhoz e/;e ds gksaxsA vc dqy feykdj 16+16=32 FkkV
fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr ds Lojksa ds vuqlkj cu ldrs gSaA
mij fy[ks FkkV xf.kr }kjk fudkys x, gSa] ij budks fgUnqLrkuh laxhr&i)fr esa ekU;rk izkIr
ugha gSA dsoy buesa ls 10 FkkVksa dks fgUnqLrkuh laxhr us xzg.k fd;k gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd
fgUnqLrkuh laxhr&i)fr esa dsoy 10 FkkV ekus tkrs gSa vkSj mUgha 10 FkkVksa ds vUrxZr lc jkx xk, o
ctk, tkrs gSaA ;s nl FkkV gSa&dY;k.k] fcykoy] [kekt] dkQh] iwohZ] ekjok] HkSjo] vklkojh] HkSjoh RkFkk
rksM+hA vk/kqfud le; esa bu 10 FkkVksa ij [kwc okn&fookn py jgk gSA dqN yksxksa dk fopkj gS fd
cgqr ls jkx bu FkkVksa ds vUrxZr ugha vk ldrs] blfy, bu FkkVksa dh la[;k c<+kuh pkfg,A ijUrq
vHkh rd dksbZ ,slk lq>ko ugha fey ldk gS tks loZekU; gksA
2-7 lkjka'k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds ckn vki Hkkjrh; laxhr esa FkkV i)fr ds fo’k; esa tku pqds gksaxsA
jkxksa dk ikfjokfjd oxhZdj.k e/;;qx dh mit gSA jkxksa ds oxhZdj.k ds esy jkx oxhZdj.k dh i)fr
nf{k.kh laxhr dh egRoiw.kZ nsu gSA jkekekR;] ykspu] foV~By] lkseukFk] O;adVeq[kh bR;kfn if.Mr blh
i)fr ds leFkZd jgsA vkjEHk esa 15 esy ekus x, rFkk ckn esa ia- O;adVeq[kh us lIrd ds vUrxZr 12
Loj LFkkuksa ds vk/kkj ij 72 esyksa dh jpuk dhA mRrjh laxhr esa esy jkx oxhZdj.k ekU; ugha jgkA
orZeku “krkCnh esa ia- Hkkr[kaMs th us 72 esyksa ls orZeku vko”;drkuqlkj dsoy 10 esyksa ;k FkkVksa dks
Ik;kZIr ekukA vk/kqfud dky esa izpfyr jkx oxhZdj.k i)fr;ksa esa FkkV i)fr gh O;kid rFkk
lqfo/kktud gksus ds dkj.k mi;qDr ekuh tkrh gSA ia- fo-ukjk;.k Hkkr[kaMs th us laxhr ds fl)karksa o
fØ;kRed jkxksa ds Loj :iksa dks le>krs gq, dgk fd vko”;drkuqlkj xqf.k tuksa dh jk; ls vf/kd
FkkVksa dh la[;k fuf”pr dh tk ldrh gSA vr% bUgksaus mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr dks O;ofLFkr :Ik ls
izLrqr djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dk fuokZg fd;kA vki FkkV i)fr ds fu;eksa ls Hkh ifjfpr gks pqds
gksaxsA
2-8 'kCnkoyh
1- f}Jqfrd] f=Jqfrd ,oa prqJZqfrd & Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; laxhr esa lkr Loj fofHkUu Jqfr;ksa ij
LFkkfir ekus x, gSaA izkphu le; ls 22 Jqfr;ksa dk izpyu FkkA izR;sd Loj dh Jqfr;k¡ fHkUu&fHkUu gSaA
tSls&‘kM+t ,oa iape] prqJZqfrd gaS( xU/kkj ,oa fu’kkn] f=Jqfrd rFkk /kSor ,oa _’kHk] f}Jqfrd gSaA
bdkà 3 & Jqfr ,oa Loj dh O;k[;k¼izkphu] e/;dkyhu ,oa orZeku fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj ½( nf{k.k
Hkkjrh; laxhr dk laf{kIr ifjp;
3-1 izLrkouk
3-2 mn~ns”;
3-3 Jqfr vkSj Loj foHkktu
3-4 izkphu dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj
3-5 e/;dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj
3-6 vk/kqfud dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj
3-7 nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dk laf{kIr ifjp;
3-8 lkjka”k
3-9 “kCnkoyh
3-10 vH;kl iz”uksa ds mRrj
3-11 lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph
3-12 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh
3-13 fucU/kkRed iz”u
3-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0oh0&301½ ds izFke [k.M dh rhljh bdkbZ
gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds i”pkr vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds bfrgkl ls ifjfpr gks
pqds gksaxsA vki FkkV i)fr dks Hkh tku pqds gksaxsA
izLrqr bdkbZ esa Hkkjrh; laxhr ds Jqfr ,oa Loj ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls crk;k x;k gSA blesa
izkphu] e/;dkyhu ,oa orZeku fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj Loj ,oa Jqfr dh fLFkfr- ,oa Lo:Ik dk
fo”ys’k.kkRed v/;;u izLrqr gSA blesa fo}kuksa ds erksa dks Hkh crk;k x;k gSA blesa crk;k x;k gS
fd laxhr esa Jqfr ,oa Loj dk D;k vfLrRo gS rFkk Jqfr ,oa Lojksa dh la[;k ,oa Lo:Ik D;k gSA
laxhr esa Loj dh ijEijk izkphu le; ls fdlh u fdlh :Ik esa fo|eku jgh gSA bl bdkbZ esa
vkidks nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds fo’k; esa Hkh crk;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds Ik”pkr vki Jqfr;ksa ij Loj LFkkiuk¼izkphu ls orZeku rd½ dks
le> ldsaxsA lkFk gh Loj dh “kq) ,oa fod`r fLFkfr ,oa mRifRr ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu igyqvksa dks
Hkh vki bl bdkbZ ds ek/;e ls le> ldsaxsA vki nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dks Hkh le> ldsaxsA
3-2 mn~ns”;
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki %&
• crk ldsaxs fd Hkkjrh; laxhr ds ewy vk/kkj Loj dks izkphu ls vk/kqfud dky rd LFkkfir
djus gsrq D;k iz.kkyh jgh gSA
• le> ldsaxs fd “kq) ,oa fod`r Lojksa esa ijLij D;k lEcU/k jgk gS rFkk lIrd dh 22 Jqfr;ksa
esa bldh LFkkiuk dk eq[; vk/kkj D;k jgk gSA
• le>k ldsaxs fd izkphu dky ls vk/kqfud dky rd ds izfl) fo)kuksa ds lkFk&lkFk ledkyhu
fo)kuksa ds Loj ,oa Jqfr ds lEcU/k esa D;k er gSaA
• crk ldsaxs fd fofHkUu fo}kuksa }kjk Loj ,oa Jqfr dk lEcU/k fdl izdkj vU; ls LFkkfir fd;k
x;k gSA
• vki nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dks Hkh tku ldsaxsA
vFkkZr~ og laxhrksi;ksxh /ofu tks ,d&nwljs ls vyx rFkk Li’V igpkuh tk lds mls Jqfr
dgrs gSaA ^vyx* rFkk ^Li’V* “kCn ;gk¡ ij cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSa] D;ksafd Jqfr dk ;g xq.k gS fd mls
dkuksa dks Li’V lqukbZ iM+uk pkfg, rFkk ikl dh nks Jqfr;ksa eas bruk vUrj gksuk pkfg, fd os
,d&nwljs ls vyx igpkuh tk ldsaA blfy, laxhr ds fo}kuksa dk fopkj gS fd ,slh /ofu;k¡ tks
,d nwljs ls vyx rFkk dkuksa dks Li’V lqukbZ iMas] Jqfr dgyk,axhA ,d lIrd esa dqy 22 Jqfr;ka
gks ldrh gSaA dgus dk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd e/; lk ls rkj lk¼,d lIrd½ ds chp esa dsoy 22
Jqfr;k¡ gks ldrh gSaA
Loj & ,d lIrd dh 22 Jqfr;ksa esa ls pquh x;h 7 Jqfr;k¡ tks ,d nwljs ls dkQh vUrj ij
LFkkfir gSa rFkk tks lquus esa e/kqj gSa] Loj dgykrh gSaA bl izdkj ;g Li’V gS fd Jqfr vkSj Loj eas
vUrj ugha gSA dsoy vUrj ;g gS fd 22 Jqfr;ksa esa ls nwj&nwj dh 7 Jqfr;k¡ Nk¡V yh xbZ vkSj mUgha
Nk¡Vh xbZ 7 Jqfr;ksa dks “kq) Lojksa ds uke ls iqdkjk tkrk gSA lkr Lojksa dks ‘kM~t] _’kHk] xkU/kkj]
e/;e] iape] /kSor vkSj fu’kkn ds ukeksa ls iqdkjk tkrk gSA Þlaxhr jRukdjß uked xzUFk esa Loj dh
ifjHkk’kk bl izdkj dh xbZ gS%&
JqR;UrjHkkoh ;% fLuX/kks·uqj.kukRed%A
Lorks jUt;frJksr`fpra l Loj mP;rsAA
vFkkZr~ os e/kqj /ofu;k¡] tks cjkcj fLFkj jgsa rFkk ftudh >udkj eu dks yqHkkus okyh gksa]
Loj dgykrh gSaA
Lojksa dh mRifRr & oSfnd dky esa rhu Lojksa dk izpkj Fkk vkSj os Loj&mnkRr] vuqnkRr rFkk
Lofjr dgykrs FksA mnkRr Å¡ps Loj dks dgrs Fks rFkk vuqnkRr uhps Loj dksA Lofjr Loj ds fy,
dksbZ fuf”pr er ugha FkkA dqN yksx bl Loj dks mnkRr rFkk vuqnkRr Lojksa ds chp dk Loj
ekurs Fks] dqN yksx bls mnkRr ls Å¡pk Loj ekurs Fks rFkk dqN yksx bls vuqnkRr ls uhpk dk
Loj ekurs FksA bl izdkj mnkRr] vuqnkRr vkSj Lofjr] ;s rhuksa Loj Fks tks Øe”k% xka/kkj] _’kHk
rFkk ‘kM~t Lojksa ds leku ekus tk ldrs gSaA oSfnd dky esa bu rhuksa Lojksa dks izFkek] f}rh;k vkSj
r`rh;k ds ukeksa ls iqdkjk tkrk FkkA ,slk Hkkl gksrk gS fd xka/kkj Loj izFke gksus ds dkj.k ml
le; xka/kkj xzke dk izpkj FkkA dqN le; ds ckn oSfnd dky esa gh bu rhu Lojksa ds vykok
xka/kkj ls ,d Å¡pk Loj ^prqFkZ* uke ls izpkj esa vk;kA bl pkSFks Loj dks dqN yksx ^dq’Bk* ds uke
ls iqdkjrs Fks rFkk bls e/;e Loj ds vuq:Ik ekurs FksA bl izdkj vc dqy feykdj ^lk js x e* ;s
pkj Loj izpkj esa vk x, FksA e/;e Loj ds vkus ls e/;e xzke izpkj esa vk;kA ;g ckr gedks
/;ku esa j[kuh pkfg, fd oSfnd Lojksa esa ‘kM~t&iape Hkko dh iz/kkurk Fkh vkSj bl dkj.k iape]
/kSor rFkk fu’kkn ;s rhu vU; Loj izpkj esa vk,A Loj&laokfnRo ds vuqlkj izFkek vFkok mnkRr ds
f”k{kkdkj us ukjnh; f”k{kk esa] ;|fi Jqfr dh ifjHkk’kk vFkok O;k[;k ugha nh gS rFkkfi
mUgksaus Hkh Jqfr dks egRo fn;k gSA blh izdkj ;|fi f”k{kkdkj us Jqfr&la[;k dk Hkh mYys[k ugha
fd;k rFkkfi xzkeksYys[k] lk/kkj.k LojksYys[k rFkk iape o /kSor dh g~kl ,oa o`f) fo’k;d mYys[kksa
ls vkHkkl gksrk gS fd f”k{kkdkj dks ckÃl Jqfr;ksa dk Kku FkkA
f”k{kkdkj us ikap Jqfr tkfr;ksa dk Hkh ukeksYys[k fd;k gS] ijarq os Jqfr&tkfr;k¡ vf/kd Li’V
ugha gSaA f”k{kkdkj us Jqfr tkfr;ksa ij ppkZ djrs gq, dgk gS fd vk;rk tkfr dk iz;ksx uhps ds
Lojksa esa] e`nq tkfr dk mlds foifjr vFkkZr~ mPp Lojksa esa rFkk e/;k tkfr dk iz;ksx vius Loj esa
vFkkZr~ leku Lojksa esa gksrk gSA bl dFku ls rkRi;Z ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd vuqnkRr Lojksa esa
vk;rk] mnkRr esa e`nq rFkk Lofjr Lojksa esa e/;k Jqfr&tkfr dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ijarq Jqfr tkfr;ksa
dk iz;kstu ,oa muds okLrfod y{k.k vFkok Lo#i ds o.kZu izkIr u gksus ds dkj.k f”k{kkdkjksDr
Jqfr&tkfr;k¡ Li’V ugha gks ikrhA f”k{kkdkj us oSfnd Lojksa ds vUrxZr Hkh Jqfr&tkfr;ksa dk mYys[k
fd;k gSA blds varxZr f”k{kkdkj us f}rh; Loj¼os.kq dk xkU/kkj½ dh Jqfr tkfr;k¡&e`nq] e/;k rFkk
vk;rk crkà gSaA ;fn oSfnd laxhr dk f}rh; Loj] ykSfdd laxhr dk xkU/kkj gS] tSlk lkekU;r;k
ekuk tkrk gS] rc ;g rF; /;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd xkU/kkj Loj f}Jqfrd Loj gSA bl izdkj mijksDr
dFku esa ;g Hkh Li’V ugha gksrk fd f}rh; Loj xkU/kkj gS vFkok ykSfdd laxhr dk f}rh;
Loj&_’kHkA
ukjnh; f”k{kk esa of.kZr LojksYys[kksa ds bl v/;;u ls Kkr gksrk gS fd rRdkyhu laxhr nks
fHkUu&fHkUu /kkjkvksa esa izpfyr Fkk&oSfnd laxhr rFkk ykSfdd laxhrA rRdkyhu lekt esa bu nksuksa
izdkj dh laxhr “kSfy;ksa dk izpkj Fkk rFkk ykSfdd laxhr dks izkphu xkSjoe; oSfnd ijEijk ls
lEc) djus dh izFkk dk pyu FkkA blh Øe esa oSfnd laxhr ds Lojksa rFkk ykSfdd laxhr ds Lojksa
dh ukjnh; f”k{kk essa] rqyuk dh xÃA blh izdkj ykSfdd Lojksa dh tkfr;ksa] muds o.kZ] xk;d]
“kjhjxr mRifRr LFkku] nsork vkfn mYys[kksa ls Hkh ;gh ladsr izkIr gksrs gSaA
ikf.kfu ds le; rd laxhr ds lkrksa Loj izpkj esa vk pqds FksA ;gh lkr Loj rFkk muds
ik¡p fod`r :Ik feykdj 12 Loj vktdy izpfyr gSaA izkphu le; esa dqN yksxksa dk fopkj Fkk fd
7 Lojksa dh mRifRr vusd Ik”kq&if{k;ksa }kjk gqbZA xzUFkksa esa Hkh bl ckr dk mYys[k bl izdkj feyrk
gS%&
e;wj pkrdPNkx ØkSap dksfdy nqnqZjkA
xt”p lIr ‘kM~tknksUØek nqPpkj;UR;ehAA
vFkkZr~ e;wj ls ^lk*] pkrd ls ^js*] Nkx ls ^x*] dkSaPk ls ^e*] dksfdy ls ^i*] nknqj ls ^/k*
rFkk gfLr ls ^fu* Loj mRiUu gqvkA dqN yksxksa us 7 Lojksa dks vyx tkfr;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;kA
muds erkuqlkj lk] e rFkk Ik Loj czkºe.k tkfr ds] js rFkk /k Loj {kf=; tkfr ds vkSj x rFkk fu
Loj oS”; tkfr ds gSaA blh izdkj dqN yksxksa us lkr Lojksa dh mRifRr fofHkUu nsorkvksa ls Hkh ekuh]
ijUrq ;s lc er fujk/kkj gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, Ik”kq&if{k;ksa ls Lojksa dh mRifRr okyk er yhft,A
izkjfEHkd voLFkk esa tc yksxksa dks Lojksa dk fcYdqy Kku ugha Fkk ml le; ;g irk yxkuk ,d
vlEHko ckr Fkh fd e;wj ls pkrd dh /ofu Å¡ph gS vFkok ØkaSp ls dksfdy dh /ofu Å¡ph gS
bR;kfnA ;fn dksfdy dh /ofu ØkSap i{kh ls Å¡ph Hkh gS rks og fdl Loj esa cksyrh gS] bldk dksbZ
ekin.M rks ekywe ugha FkkA blhfy, ;g dguk fd Åij fy[ks i”kq&if{k;ksa }kjk lkr Loj fudys]
Jqfr&Loj foHkktu & lIrd dh ckbZl Jqfr;ksa dks lkr Lojksa esa ck¡V fn;k x;k gSA izkphu dky ls
vk/kqfud dky rd ;fn ge Jqfr&Loj foHkktu dk v/;;u djsa rks ;g Li’V gksrk gS fd rhuksa
dkyksa¼izkphu] e/; o vk/kqfud½ ds xzUFkdkjksa us ;g foHkktu uhps fy[ks fl)kUr ds vk/kkj ij
fd;k%&
Pkrq”prq”prq”pSo ‘kM~te/;eiapek%A
}s }s fu’kknxka/kkjkS f=L=h_’kHk/kSorkSAA
vFkkZr ‘kM~t] e/;e rFkk iape Lojksa eas pkj&pkj Jqfr;k¡] fu’kkn rFkk xka/kkj esa nks&nks
Jqfr;k¡] _’kHk rFkk /kSor Lojksa esa rhu&rhu Jqfr;k¡ gSaA bl fl)kUr dks rhuksa dkyksa ds xzUFkdkj
vius “kq) rFkk fod`r Lojksa dh LFkkiuk ckbZl Jqfr;ksa ij vyx&vyx <ax ls djrs gSaA vr,o vc
ge rhuksa dkyksa ds xzUFkdkjksa dk Jqfr&Loj foHkktu vyx&vyx le>saxsA
Loj* gh rks laxhr dk Ik;kZ; gSA blfy, ^Loj* ds lkFk ftu Ik”kq&if{k;ksa ds lEcU/kksa dh
ppkZ izkphu vkSj vokZphu fo}kuksa us dh gS og Hkh ,d izdkj ls mi;qZDr dkj.kksa ls tqM+h gqà gSA
‘kMtkfn ^Lojksa* ls ftu if{k;ksa vkSj Ik”kqvksa dh /ofu;ksa dk lEcU/k tksM+k x;k gS mls blh dkj.k u
rks dksjh dYiuk dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj u gh bu fopkjksa dks fdlh vU; n`f’V ls fujk/kkj dgk tk
ldrk gSA
laxhr edjan esa Ukkjn us ‘kMtkfn Lojksa ds lkFk if{k;ksa ;k Ik”kqvksa dh /ofu dk lEcU/k crk;k
gS] mu lc esa lekurk vf/kd gS vkSj fHkUurk deA ‘kMt] iape vkSj fu’kkn&bu rhu Lojksa ds lkFk
eksj] dks;y vkSj gkFkh dh /ofu;ksa ds lEcU/k esa rks bl oxZ ds lHkh fo}ku ,der gSa “ks’k Lojksa esa
Hkh dksà cgqr cM+k erHksn ugha gSA
izkphu dky ds xzUFkdkjksa esa ,d vU; fo”ks’krk ;g Hkh Fkh fd os lIrd dh 22 Jqfr;ksa dks
leku ekurs FksA muds izR;sd ikl&ikl dh nks Jqfr;ksa dk vUrj leku gksrk Fkk vFkkZr ftruk
vUrj igyh Jqfr vkSj nwljh Jqfr esa Fkk mruk gh vUrj nwljh o rhljh Jqfr esa FkkA bl izdkj
lkjh Jqfr;k¡ lekukUrj ij FkhA lekukUrj ij gksus ls mudh vkil dh nks Jqfr;ksa dk vUrj ,d
^izek.k* cu x;k Fkk vkSj os bl vUrj dks ^izek.k Jqfr* dgdj iqdkjrs FksA izkphu dky esa os yksx
Lojksa dks Jqfr;ksa ds uke ls iqdkjrs Fks] D;ksafd os ,d lIrd ds 22 cjkcj&cjkcj Hkkx djrs FksA
bl izdkj og fdlh Hkh Loj dks Jqfr ls uki ldrs FksA
¼2½ izkphu xzUFkdkj viuh ckbZl Jqfr;ksa dks leku ekurs FksA mudh vkil dh nks Jqfr;ksa dk vUrj
,d izek.k cu x;k Fkk vkSj bl izdkj og fdlh Hkh Loj dks Jqfr }kjk uki fy;k djrs FksA ijUrq
e/;dkyhu rFkk vk/kqfud xzUFkdkj viuh ckbZl Jqfr;ksa dks leku ugha ekursA mUgksaus Lojksa dh
LFkkiuk Jqfr;ksa ds uki ls u djds oh.kk ds rkj dh yEckbZ ij fofHkUu ukiksa ls dh gSA
¼3½ izkphu rFkk e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkj vius “kq) Loj lIrd dks vk/kqfud dkQh FkkV ds leku ekurs
Fks vFkkZr~ muds “kq) Loj esa xka/kkj rFkk fu’kkn Loj dksey yxrs FksA ijUrq vk/kqfud xzUFkdkj
fcykoy FkkV dks viuk “kq) Loj lIrd ekurs gSaA muds lkr “kq) Lojksa esa xka/kkj rFkk fu’kkn Loj
izkphu rFkk e/;dkyhu Lojksa dh rjg dksey ugha gSA
¼4½ izkphu rFkk e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa dks Lojksa dh vkUnksyu la[;k fudkyus dk Kku ugha FkkA
ijUrq vk/kqfud dky ds xzUFkdkjksa dks ik”pkR; laxhrKksa dh rjg Lojksa dh vkUnksyu la[;k
fudkyus dk Kku FkkA
izkphu xzUFkdkjksa dh leku Jqfr;k¡ ¼lkj.kk prq’V;h½ & tSlk fd igys cryk;k tk pqdk gS fd
izkphu xzUFkdkj viuh ckbZl Jqfr;ksa dks leku ekurs FksA mudh ikl&ikl dh nks Jqfr;ksa dk vUrj
,d izek.k vFkok fuf”pr uki Fkk tks lIrd dh izR;sd ikl dh nks Jqfr;ksa ds chp esa gksrk FkkA
vFkkZr~ mudh igyh vkSj nwljh Jqfr esa tks vUrj Fkk] ogh rhljh] pkSFkh vkSj ikapoha vkfn Jqfr;ksa esa
FkkA izkphu dky ds nks xzUFk izeq[k gSa&,d Hkjr eqfu dk ^ukV~;”kkL=* rFkk nwljk “kkjaxnso d`r
^laxhr jRukdj*A Hkjr eqfu us vius xzUFk ^ukV~;“kkL=* esa Jqfr ppkZ djrs gq, ^lkj.kk prq’V;h* esa
,d iz;ksx fy[kk gS] ftlls Li’V gksrk gS fd izkphu xzUFkdkj viuh Jqfr;k¡ leku ekurs FksA bl
iz;ksx esa ^izek.k Jqfr* dk cgqr egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl & ukV~;”kkL= ls ysdj laxhrjkt xzUFkksa ds v/;;u ls
;gh irk pyrk gS fd lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa ,d gh laxhr i)fr izpfyr FkhA ukV~;”kkL= esa fdlh Hkh
fo”ks’k LFkku ls lEcfU/kr lkaxhfrd laLd`fr dk o.kZu ugha gS] ftls nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ;k
dukZVd laxhr ekuk tk,A dqN fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj laxhrjRukdj ds Vhdkdkj dfYyukFk ds dFku
ls ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd muds le; rd nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds i`Fkd :Ik dk izkjEHk gks x;k
FkkA dfYyukFk }kjk fofHkUu laKkvksa tSls iapJqfrd] ‘kMJqfrd] tU;&tud esy vkfn dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkuk ml le; esa nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds vfLrRo dks n”kkZrk gSA laxhrjRukdj ds dky esa
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds FkkV & mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr esa ftls ^FkkV^ dgrs gSa] nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr
esa mls ^esy^ dgk tkrk gSA esy ds vk/kkj ij jkx oxhZdj.k dk Js; ia0 O;adVeq[kh dks tkrk gSA
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr esa dqy 72 esy ekus x, gSaA nf{k.k Hkkjrh; i)fr esa ,d gh esy¼FkkV½
esa ,d Loj ds nks :iksa dk iz;ksx ,d lkFk fd;k tk ldrk gS] ijUrq mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr esa ;g
iz;ksx ekU; ugha gSA mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr ds nl FkkVksa ds led{k nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds esy
fuEu rkfydk esa of.kZr gSa %&
fgUnqLrkuh FkkV esydrkZ
1- HkSjoh & guqer rksM+h
2- HkSjo & ek;kekyoxkSM
3- vklkojh & uVHkSjoh
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr ds izeq[k ok| & izkphudky esa mRrj o nf{k.k laxhr i)fr;ksa esa ok|
leku gh Fks fdUrq ckn esa vyx okrkoj.k] fofHkUu xk;u “kSfy;ksa o ok|ksa ds fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk
buesa Hkh ifjorZu gksus yxs] bl dkj.k dqN u, ok| Hkh vfLrRo esa vk,A vkt nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa
ok|ksa] mudh cukoV o mudh oknu “kSfy;ksa esa dkQh vUrj vk x;k gSA
1- csyk ok| & nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr esa csyk LorU= o laxr ok| nksuksa ds :Ik esa izeq[k
LFkku j[krk gSA xk;u esa bldk fo”ks’k iz;ksx vkyki djrs le; o rku vkfn fdz;kvksa dk vuqdj.k
djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
2- nf{k.kkR; oh.kk & oh.kk dk Hkh nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr esa egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA bldk iz;ksx LorU=
oknu o laxr ok| nksuksa :Ik esa fd;k tkrk gSA izkphu dky ls gh oh.kk dk laxhr esa egRoiw.kZ
LFkku gSA nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr esa vHkh Hkh oh.kk vR;Ur yksdfiz; o fodflr :Ik esa izpfyr gSA
dukZVd i)fr esa blds yksdfiz; gksus ds dkj.k bldks le; ds vuqlkj yxkrkj fodflr fd;k
tkrk gSA
3- ukxLoje~ ;k rw;Z & dukZVd laxhr ds ok| esa ukxLoje ;k rw;Z dk viuk LFkku gSA nsoky;ksa
esa] ekaxfyd dk;Zdzeksa esa] mRlo vkfn voljksa esa bldk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g vkPpk ydM+h dk
cuk gksrk gS ftldh yEckbZ yxHkx Ms<+ gkFk gksrh gSA blesa lkr Lojksa ds jU/kz gksrs gSa tks pkSFkkbZ
vaxqy O;kl ds curs gSaA eq[; ukxLoje~ ds vykok ,d vU; ukxLoje~ dk iz;ksx Loj nsus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA
4- e`naxe~ & ;g dukZVdh laxhr dk izeq[k rky ok| gSA e`naxe~ esa iwM+h dk peM+k mRrj Hkkjrh;
i[kkot dh vis{kk eksVk gksrk gSA mRrj Hkkjr e`nax dh fdukj dk peM+k ,d bap O;kl dk j[kk
tkrk gS] tcfd nf{k.k Hkkjrh; e`naxe~ esa fdukjs dk ;g peM+k L;kgh ds LFkku dks NksM+dj iwM+h dk
leLr LFkku ?ksjrk gSA bl rjg e`naxe~ esa pk¡V vkSj L;kgh ds Hkkx fn[kkbZ nsrs gaS tcfd i[kkot esa
iwM+h] pk¡V] yo rFkk L;kgh bu rhuksa Hkkxksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; rky i)fr & dukZVd ;k nf{k.k rky i)fr esa 35 rkyksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
dukZVd rky i)fr esa lkr eq[; rky gSaA laxhr ds fdz;kRed i{k esa rkyksa dh vi;kZI;rk dks
ns[krs gq, bu rkyksa esa O;ogkfjr vaxksa dks nqxquk] pkSxquk] iapxquk] N%xquk vkSj ukSxquk djds bu
lkr rkyksa ls gh iSarhl rkyksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA nf{k.k rky i)fr esa vax dk cgqr egRo
gSA vax 6 izdkj ds gksrs gaSA rkyksa ds Lo:Ik dks izdV djus o rky fy[kus ;k iznf”kZr djus ds
fy, budk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tks dke mRRkj Hkkjrh; rky i)fr esa foHkkxksa dk gS ogh nf{k.k esa
vaxksa dk gSA fuEu rkfydk ls vki vaxksa dks le> ldsaxs%&
dze vax Ukke Ekk=k fpUg
1 v.kqnzqr 1 W
2 nqzr 2 0
3 Yk?kq 4 A
4 xq: 8 · ;k 8
5 Iyqr 12 3 ;k 8
6 dkdin 16 $
35 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 3
Ckh0,0,e0oh0&301
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; o mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr;ksa dh lekurk,a %&
1- nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa ,d lIrd ds vUrxZr 22 Jqfr;ka vkSj 12 “kq} vkSj fod`r Loj gksrs gaSA Loj
LFkkuksa esa Hkh yxHkx lekurk gSA
2- nf{k.k laxhr i)fr esa esyjkx oxhZdj.k izpfyr gS rFkk mRrj Hkkjr esa FkkV&jkx oxhZdj.kA
esy o FkkV nksuksa “kCnksa dk eryc ,d gh gSA nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa FkkV@esy dks tud rFkk jkx dks
tU; ekuk x;k gSA FkkV jkx oxhZdj.k dk Js; ia0 Hkkr[kaMs th dks rFkk esy jkx oxhZdj.k dk Js;
ia0 O;adVeq[kh dks tkrk gSA
3- nksuksa i)fr;ksa dh dqN rkysa Hkh leku gSaA tSls mRrj Hkkjr dh pkjrky o ,drky] nf{k.k dh
prL= tkfr dh vB rky ds led{k gSA
4- nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa foHkkx dh izFke ek=k ij rkyh nsus dk izko/kku gSA
5- nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa dqN jkx Hkh leku gaSA tSls gal/ofu] pk:ds”kh] ukjk;.kh] vkHkksxh] fdjok.kh]
dykorh vkfnA [kekt o fogkx nf{k.k esa mRrj Hkkjr ds leku gh xk, tkrs gSaA fgaMkSy jkx mRrj
ds ekydkSal ds led{k gSA
6- nksuksa i)fr;ksa dh dqN xk;u “kSfy;ksa esa Hkh lekurk ikbZ tkrh gSA tSls rjkuk&frYykuk]
Bqejh&tkofy] [;ky&o.kZe~ vkfnA
vH;kl iz'u
d- y?kq mRrjh; iz'u %&
1- Jqfr dh ifjHkk’kk nsrs gq, la{ksi esa O;k[;k dhft,A
2- Loj ,oa Jqfr esa D;k vUrj gS\ la{ksi esa crkb,A
3- Hkjr d`r ukV~;”kkL= esa miyC/k Lojksa dks crkb,A
4- izek.k Jqfr ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ la{ksi esa O;k[;k dhft,A
[k- lR;@vlR; crkb, %&
1- oSfnd dky esa rhu Lojksa dk izpyu FkkA
2- dfo ykspu us jkx rjafxuh esa 20 Lojksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA
3- vk/kqfud xzUFkdkj vius “kq) Lojksa dks fcykoy FkkV leku ekurs gSaA
4- ikf.kuh ds le; rd lkr Lojksa dk izpkj ugha gqvk FkkA
x- fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ %&
1- izkphu le; esa lk Loj dh mRifRr i{kh ls ekuh xbZ gSA
2- ia- “kkjaxnso us ckjgoha Jqfr ij Loj LFkkfir fd;k gSA
3-8 Lkkjka”k
izLrqr bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds Jqfr ,oa Loj ds ckjs esa tku
pqds gksaxsA izkphu dky ls Lojksa dk vfLrRo lkeus vkrk gSA Lojksa dk lEcU/k vusd Ik”kq&if{k;ksa ,oa
nsoh&nsorkvksa ls Hkh tksM+k x;k gSA lHkh us Jqfr;ksa dh la[;k 22 ekuh gS ijUrq muesa Lojksa dh
LFkkiuk esa fHkUurk gSA fod`r Lojksa dh la[;k esa Hkh fo}kuksa ds er leku ugha gSaA izkphu fo}kuksa us
lIrd ds cjkcj 22 Hkkx dj 22 Jqfr;ksa esa foHkktu djds Lojksa dh LFkkiuk dh gS ijUrq e/;dkyhu
xzUFkdkjksa us 22 Jqfr;ksa dks leku u ekurs gq, oh.kk ds rkj ij fofHkUu yEckbZ;ksa esa Lojksa dh
LFkkiuk dh gSA izkphu ,oa e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa us “kq) Lojksa dks viuh vafre Jqfr esa LFkku fn;k
gS ijUrq vk/kqfud xzUFkdkjksa us “kq) Lojksa dks viuh igyh Jqfr ij LFkkfir fd;k gSA fofHkUu dkyksa
ds xzUFkdkjksa ds ek/;e ls Loj ,oa Jqfr ds lEcU/k esa ml dky dh fLFkfr ,oa laxhr esa iz;qDr Lojksa
dk fo’kn Kku izkIr gks tkrk gSA vki Jqfr ,oa Loj ls lacaf/kr fofHkUu igyqvksa ls ifjfpr gks pqds
gksaxsA vki nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds Loj] FkkV] jpukvksa] ok|ksa ,oa rky i)fr ls Hkh ifjfpr gks pqds
gksaxsA
3-9 “kCnkoyh
1- f}Jqfrd] f=Jqfrd ,oa prqJZqfrd & Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; laxhr esa lkr Loj fofHkUu Jqfr;ksa ij
LFkkfir ekus x, gSaA izkphu le; ls 22 Jqfr;ksa dk izpyu FkkA izR;sd Loj dh Jqfr;k¡ fHkUu&fHkUu
gSaA tSls&‘kM+t ,oa iape] prqJZqfrd gaS( xU/kkj ,oa fu’kkn] f=Jqfrd rFkk /kSor ,oa _’kHk] f}Jqfrd
gSaA
2- izcU/k & izkphudky esa fuc) xku ds vUrxZr izcU/k] :id vkfn vkrs FksA izcU/k dh pkj /kkrq,¡
mnxzkg] esykid] /kqzo vkSj vkHkksx gSaA
bdkbZ 4 & ekxZ laxhr] ns”kh laxhr] uk;d] xk;d] okXxs;dkj] iafMr] dykoUr] xhr] xU/koZ]
xku] vfojHkko] frjksHkko] dkdq o rku
4-1 izLrkouk
4-2 mn~ns”;
4-3 ekxhZ vkSj ns”kh laxhr
4-4 uk;d o xk;d
4-5 okXxs;dkj
4-6 if.Mr
4-7 dykoUr
4-8 xhr
4-9 xU/koZ vkSj xku
4-10 frjksHkko&vfoHkkZo
4-11 dkdq
4-12 Rkku
4-13 lkjka”k
4-14 “kCnkoyh
4-15 vH;kl iz”uksa ds mRrj
4-16 lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph
4-17 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh
4-18 fucU/kkRed iz”u
4-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0oh0&301½ ds izFke [k.M dh pkSFkh
bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds bfrgkl] FkkV
i)fr] Jqfr ,oa Loj ds ckjs esa tku pqds gksaxsA
bl bdkbZ esa ijEijkxr Hkkjrh; laxhr ds lS)kfUrd i{k dks ysrs gq, ;g fofHkUu
laxhrK oxZ ,oa “kSfy;ksa tSls ekxhZ laxhr] ns”kh laxhr] uk;d] xk;d] okXxs;dkj] if.Mr]
dykoUr] xhr] xU/koZ] xku] vfoHkkZo] frjksHkko] dkdq vkSj Rkku ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds Ik”pkr vki ekxhZ laxhr] ns”kh laxhr] xU/koZ] xku ds
lkFk&lkFk laxhrK oxZ okXxs;dkj] iafMr] dykoUr] xk;d vkfn ds fo’k; esa Hkyh Hkkafr tku
ldsaxsA ekXkhZ laxhr ,oa ns”kh laxhr dk izpyu fdl le; Fkk rFkk budk orZeku Lo:Ik dSlk
gS] vki crk ldsaxsA bl bdkbZ esa jkxksa ds xk;u&oknu esa O;kIr vkfoHkkZo&frjksHkko] dkdq ,oa
rku tSls lkSUn;kZRed rRoksa ds Lo:Ik ,oa iz;ksx dks Hkh tku ldsaxsA izkphu le; esa eks{k izkfIr
gsrq ekxhZ laxhr dk izpyu cgqr vf/kd Fkk ijUrq /khjs&/khjs ns”kh laxhr us tks euksjatu dk
lk/ku ek= gS] txg ys yh gSA
4-2 mn~ns”;
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki %&
Û crk ldsaxs fd izkphu dky ls vHkh rd xhr fo/kkvksa dk Lo:Ik D;k jgk gSA
Û le>k ldsaxs fd ekxhZ vFkok xU/koZ rFkk ns”kh vFkok xku vkfn laxhr dh nksuksa /kkjkvksa dk
lekUrj izpyu dSls vkil esa ,d nwljs ls izHkkfor jgk gSA
Û le>k ldsaxs fd jkx ds lkSUn;kZRed rRoksa vkfoHkkZo] frjksHkko] rku vkfn dh fo”ks’krkvksa ,oa
jpuk fof/k ds D;k fu;e ,oa ekU;rk,a gSaA
Û crk ldsaxs fd uk;d] xk;d] okXxs;dkj] iafMr] dykoUr vkfn dks lekt esa fdl Js.kh esa
j[kk tkrk gS rFkk budh fo”ks’krkvksa ,oa xq.kksa dk oxhZdj.k fdl izdkj fd;k x;k gSA
39 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 4
Ckh0,0,e0oh0&301
Û crk ldsaxs fd vk/;kfRed ,oa ykSfdd laxhr fo/kkvksa dk izpyu le;kuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrk
vk;k gSA
ekxhZ laxhr ds fu;e cgqr dBksj Fks vkSj muesa viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj dksbZ ifjorZu
ugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA tcfd ns”kh laxhr le; ds ifjorZu ds lkFk gh lkFk yksd:fp ds
vuqlkj Hkh cnyrk jgrk FkkA laxhr dh ;s nksuksa /kkjk,a lekukUrj :Ik ls izkphudky ls gh
izpfyr jgh vkSj ,d&nwljs dks izHkkfor djrh jghA bl izdkj ekxhZ ,oa ns”kh laxhr dk vkil
esa vknku&iznku vkjaHk ls pyrk jgkA MkW- ijkaTkis fy[krs gSa&ÞekxhZ laxhr dh rqyuk ;fn xaxk
unh ds /khj] xaHkhj ,oa izokg ls dh tk, rks ns”kh laxhr dh rqyuk igkM+h ns”kksa esa mUeqDr :Ik
ls cgrs gq, >juksa ls dh tk ldrh gSAß
ftl laxhr dk iz;ksx xU/koZ yksx djrs Fks] mldks xU/koZ laxhr dgk tkrk FkkA blds
xk;u ds lkFk ok|ksa dh laxfr dh tkrh FkhA blfy, bl dky esa xk;u rFkk oknu bu nksuksa
dk lekos”k gksrk FkkA Hkjr dky esa xU/koZ ,d “kkL= dk :Ik ys pqdk Fkk vkSj blesa Loj] rky
vkSj in] bu rhuksa vaxksa dk gksuk t:jh FkkA xU/koZ laxhr “kCn iz/kku Fkk] ekxhZ laxhr xU/koZ dk
ghs :Ik FkkA
vk/kqfud dky esa laxhr dh fdlh Hkh /kkjk ds fy, ekxhZ vkSj ns”kh “kCn dk iz;ksx ugha
fd;k tkrkA ekxhZ ds LFkku ij “kkL=h; laxhr “kCn rFkk ns”kh ds LFkku ij yksd “kn dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA laxhr dks rc gh mRre le>k tkrk gS] tc mlesa fUkEu izdkj ds i{k ekStwn
gksa&
1- Hkko i{k 2- dyk i{k
ekxhZ laxhr & ekxhZ laxhr og laxhr Fkk ftldk lEcU/k eks{k&izkfIr ds fy, gh fd;k tkrk
FkkA ekxhZ dk “kkfCnd vFkZ gS&ekxZ vFkkZr~ jkLrk vkSj jkLrs ls Hkko gS ijekRek rd igqapus dk
jkLrkA _f’k;ksa&eqfu;ksa] ihj&iSxEcjksa vkSj xq:vksa us ;g vuqHko fd;k fd laxhr esa ,dkxz djus
dh {kerk gSA lRro xq.kh laxhr euq’; ds eu dks vius esa yhu djds ijekRek dh HkfDr esa
yhu dj ldrk gSA rc mUgksaus bl laxhr dk lgkjk fy;k] ftldks ekxhZ laxhr dk uke fn;k
x;kA ekxhZ laxhr dk eq[; mn~ns”; v/;kReokn gh FkkA mn~ns”;&iwfrZ ds ckn mUgksaus bl laxhr
dks dBksj fu;eksa esa tdM+ fn;kA bl laxhr esa yksxksa dh :fp ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh ifjorZu ugha
fd;k tk ldrk FkkA izkphu dky ls laxhr Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ,oa tuthou dk vfHkUu vax jgk
gSA
ekxhZ laxhr dk okLrford :Ik D;k Fkk] blds ckjs esa Li’Vhdj.k nsuk dfBu gSA
vk/kqfud ;qx esa ;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd ekxhZ laxhr dk lEcU/k lkeosn dh _pkvksa ls ekuk
tkrk Fkk vFkok ml laxhr dks ekxhZ laxhr dgk tkrk gS ftldk lEcU/k v/;kReokn ds lkFk
FkkA bZ”oj laca/kh fpUru ds fy,] eks{k izkfIr ds ekxZ ij vxzlj gksus ds fy,] uSfrd mRFkku ds
fy, vFkok ^jlks oS l%* dgdj jl ds pjeksrd`’V Lo:Ik dk vkLoknu djus ds fy,
vk/;kReokfn;ksa }kjk tgk¡ lk/kuk ;k ;ksxlk/kuk dks egRo fn;k x;k vkSj thou dh HkkSfrd
oSfnd dky esa ekxhZ laxhr dk :Ik & oSfnd dky esa lke xku “kkL=h; laxhr ds mn~xe lzkrs
dh n`f’V ls vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd vikS:’ks;] Js;l~ dh izkfIr djkus okyk] HkkSfrdrk ls ijs
ys tkus esa l{ke] lk/kuk ds leLr vaxksa dks Lohdkj djus okyk] fof”k’V mn~ns”; ls ifjiw.kZ ,oa
fof”k’V fu;eksa ls vuq”kkflr gksus ds dkj.k tks laxhr e;kZnkc) gS ogh “kkL=h;] ekxZ ;k f”k’V
laxhr gS] ;fn ,slk dgk tk, rks lEHkor% vuqfpr u gksxkA lkeosn dks laxhr dk ewy dgk
tkrk gSA lke dk xku _xosn dh _pkvksa ds vkJ; ls fd;k tkrk jgk gSA ;fn _d~ dks
ok.kh ekuk tk, rks lke mldk izk.kHkwr gSA lkelafgrk esa _dlafgrk ds lHkh eU= ugha gSaA
blesa _d~ ds pqus gq, eU=ksa dk laxzg gSA NkUnksX;ksifu’kn ds vuqlkj lke ;kfu lk + ve ds
laokn ls fo”o dk laxhr py jgk gSA ;fn ^lk* _d gS rks ^ve* vkyki ;kfu lke gSA ;fn
^lk* “kCn gS rks ^ve* Nan gSA bl izdkj _Xosn dh _pk,a lkeosn dk vk/kkj dgykrh gSaA
vfHkizk; ;g gS fd lkeosn us “kCn _xosn ls fy;k gS vkSj Loj mldk Lo;a dk gSA vr% lke
dk vFkZ gS _pkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k xku ftlesa ekrq ;k cksy _xosn ds gSa vkSj /kkrq ;k
Loj lke dk gSA lke dk tks futh gS] Lo;a dk gS og Loj gSA bl izdkj lkeosn vius xku ds
inksa dks _xosn ls ysrk gSA fof”k’V fu;eksa ls vuq”kkflr lke dk xku ekxhZ laxhr dk gh :Ik
jgk gksxkA
lkexku esa rhu xk;d gksrs Fks tks izLrksrk] mn~xkrk vkSj izfrgrkZ ds uke ls tkus tkrs
FksA eq[; xk;d mn~xkrk gksrk Fkk] izLrksrk vkSj izfrgrkZ mlds lgk;d gksrs FksA
1- izLrko & izLrksrk] mn~xkrk vkSj izfrgrkZ] ;s rhuksa xk;d feydj lcls igys ^gqa* dk Loj esa
mPpkj.k djrs FksA ftl izdkj vktdy xk;d vkjEHk esa vkdkj dk mPpkj.k djrs gSa] mlh
izdkj ml le; rhuksa xk;d feydj ^fgadkj* dk mPpkj.k djrs FksA mlds lkFk gh izLrksrk
lkexhr ds izLrko Hkkx dks vksadkj lfgr xkrk FkkA eU= ;k xhr ds vkjEHk dks ^izLrko* dgrs
FksA ;g xhr dk eq[kM+k gksrk FkkA ^izLrko* ,d fo”ks’k izdkj dk Lrks= Fkk tks czkã.k ;k izLrksrk
}kjk lkexku ds vkjEHk esa xk;k tkrk FkkA
2- mn~xhr & bl foHkkx dks xkus okyk _fRot ^mn~xkrk* dgykrk FkkA ;s Hkkx lkexku esa
lcls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ FkkA ^mn~xhr* foHkkx ds LkHkh Lrks=ksa dk xku ^vksadkj* ls izkjEHk fd;k
tkuk vko”;d FkkA mnxhr~] xhr dk eq[; vkSj vf/kdka”k Hkkx gksrk FkkA ^mn~xkrk* dk vFkZ gS
Å¡pk xkus okykA izk;% ^mn~xhr* Hkkx mPp Lojksa esa gksrk FkkA
3- izfrgkj & ^izfrgkj* Hkkx ds xkus okys dks izfrgrkZ dgrs FksA izfrgrkZ mn~xhr ds vfUre in
ls xkus dks idM+ dj ^izfrgkj* Hkkx xkrk FkkA ^izfrgkj* dk vFkZ gS nks foHkkxksa dks tksM+us okykA
4- minzo & minzo dk xku mn~xkrk ;kfu izeq[k lkexk;d djrk FkkA ;s izfrgkj ds vUr ds
Hkkx dk xku djrk FkkA
5- fu/ku & lkexku ds vfUre Hkkx dks ^fu/ku* dgrs FksA ^vkse~* dk mPpkj.k dj tc rhuksa
_fRot ;kfu izLrksrk] mn~xkrk vkSj izfrgkj ,d lkFk feydj lkexku djrs Fks rc ogh Hkkx
fu/ku dgykrk FkkA
ns”kh laxhr & ns”kh xku ls Hkko ml laxhr ls gS ftldk iz;ksx lk/kkj.k yksxksa us vius
euksjatu ds fy, fd;kA vFkkZr~ ns”kh laxhr yksxksa dk laxhr Fkk mldk eq[; mn~ns”; yksxksa dk
euksjatu djuk FkkA tks laxhr] laxhrkpk;Z vkSj laxhrdkjksa us viuh cqf) ls vkSj fo”ks’k
dykRedrk ls yksd&:fp vuqlkj is”k fd;k] mldks xku dgk x;kA “kkjaxnso us ,sls laxhr dks
ns”kh laxhr dgkA ns”kh laxhr dh ifjHkk’kk nsrs gq, ia0 “kkjaxnso us dgk gS fd fHkUu&fHkUu ns”kksa
esa tu:fp ds vuqlkj euq’; bldks xk&ctkdj ;k u`R; djds vius ân; dk euksjatu djrk
gS] mldks ns”kh laxhr dgk tkrk gSA blh izdkj ia0 nkeksnj us Hkh dgk gS fd og laxhr] tks
ns”k ds fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkxksa esa] ogka ds jhrh&fjoktksa ds vuqlkj turk dk euksjatu djs] mldks
ns”kh laxhr dgk tkrk gSA mi;ZqDr dFku ls ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd laxhr dh ftl /kkjk
dks laxhrdkjksa vkSj laxhrpk;ksZa us tu:fp ds vuqlkj le;≤ ij blesa ifjorZu djds is”k
fd;k] mls xku laxhr dgk x;kA vly esa xku dks gh ns”kh laxhr dgk x;kA
oSfnd dkyhu thou esa ns”kh laxhr dk i;kZIr izpyu FkkA /kkfeZd ,oa ykSfdd lekjksgksa
ij xhr] ok| rFkk u`R; ds }kjk yksxksa dk euksjatu fd;k tkrk FkkA xhr rFkk ok|ksa ds lkFk
<ksy] nqUnqfHk tSls ok|ksa dh laxfr dh tkrh FkhA phuh feV~Vh dh ,d eqnzk esa ,d iq:’k dks
O;k/kz ds le{k <ksy ctkrs gq, vafdr fd;k x;k gSA vkt Hkh vkfnoklh tkfr;ksa esa O;k?kzkfn fgLkz
Ik”kqvksa ds izos”k }kj ij xzke ds pkjksa vksj <ksyd ds }kjk Hk;adj xtZuk djus dh iz.kkyh
fo|eku gSA gM+Iik ls izkIr ,d nwljs eqnzk esa ok| ds lEeq[k <ksy ctk, tkus dk n`”; gS ,slk
izrhr gksrk gS fd flU/kq izns”k esa <ksy ds lkFk&lkFk rkj ds ok| Hkh izpfyr FksA nks eqnzkvksa esa
e`nax tSlh oLrq,a vafdr gSaA <ksy dk fp=.k Hkh ,d nwljh eqnzk ij gSA buesa ,d L=h <ksy dks
cxy esa nck;, gq, gSA RkRdkyhu lekt esa vuq”kkflr lkexku :ih ekxhZ laxhr ds lkFk&lkFk
ns”kh laxhr izpqj ek=k esa iz;kstuh; FkkA [kqys izkax.k esa u`R; dyk ds dk;ZØe esa uj&ukjh nksuksa
dk Hkkx ysuk] oh.kk vkSj rq.ko dh /ofu ds lkFk xku djrs tulewg dk jkf= tkxj.k djuk]
lkse;kx ds fo”ks’k volj ij flj ij dy”k j[k ektZyh; ifjØek djrh gqbZ nkldqekfj;kas ds
2- vfuc) xk;u & tks lkaxhfrd lkexzh rky esa u ca/kh gks] mls vfuc) xk;u dh Js.kh esa
j[kk tkrk gSA bl Js.kh ds vUrxZr vkyki dks ekuk tkrk gSA fuc) xk;u ds vUrxZr vkus
okyh jpuk,a] “kSfy;ka] dykRedrk vkSj Hkkoqdrk izdV djrh gSaA tcfd vfuc) xk;u ds
vUrxZr vkyki xk;u esa¼fo”ks’k lkaxhfrd “kSfy;ka] jpuk,a vkfn dks ftl jkx esa is”k djuk gks]
mlds fo”ks’k Lojksa dh c<+r djrs gq, viuh Hkkouk vuqdwy½ jkx Li’Vhdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA
“kkjaxnso us bldks vkfyIr xku dgk gSA vkfYkIr dk vFkZ gS foLrkj djukA
xk;d & fdlh Hkh fof”k’V laxhr fo/kk dh xk;dh dks tkuus okys O;fDr dks xk;d dgk tkrk
gSaA xk;d viuh laxhr fo/kk esa fuiq.k gksrk gS rFkk mls xk;dh ds fofHkUu i{kksa dh tkudkjh
gksrh gSaA izkphu ls ns”kh laxhr ds vUrxZr vusd ifjorZu gq,] vr% bl izdkj tu:ph ds
dkj.k ifjorZu”khy fofHkUu fo/kkvksa dh xk;dh dks tkuus okyk xk;d gh gSA izkphu dky esa
tc laxhr] xka/koZ ls vyx gqvk vkSj tks ^xku* dgyk;k mldk mn~ns”; gh tu&eu&jatu
djuk FkkA ogh xku vkxs py dj ns”kh&laxhr dgyk;k vkSj xka/koZ ekXkZ&laxhr ds uke ls
tkuk x;kA :fp;k¡ lnk ls ifjofrZr gksrh jgrh gSaA vr% xk;dksa dks Hkh vius laxhr esa
tu&:fp ds vuqlkj dqN ifjorZu djuk vko”;d gks x;k Fkk] vr% laxhr Hkh ifjoZru”khy
gqvkA
Hkjr ds le; esa tks laxhr Fkk] “kkjaxnso ds le; og dsoy y{k.k cu x;k] ;kuh
laxhr eas ifjorZu gks x;kA nwljs “kCnksa esa dg ldrs gSa fd tu&:fp ifjofrZr gks xbZA le;
ds lkFk laxhr cnyrk x;k vkSj xk;dh esa Hkh ifjorZu gqvkA tkfr&xku ds LFkku ij xzke&jkx
vkSj ns”kh&jkx vk, vkSj /kzqok ds LFkku ij izcU/k vk;kA mlds Ik”pkr /kzqin&”kSyh vkSj vkxs
pydj [;ky&”kSyh dk izpkj gqvkA [;ky&”kSyh esa Hkh vkyki esa deh vkbZ vkSj rku dks vf/kd
egRo fn;k tkus yxkA dgus dk Hkko ;g gS fd xk;dh tu&:fp ij vk/kkfjr gS rFkk tks
viuh {kerk vkSj Jksrkvksa dh :fp ds vuqlkj viuh xk;dh dks izLrqr djrk gS] ogh xk;d
dgykrk gSA
4-5 okXxs;dkj
Þ”kCnkuq”kkluefHk/kku izoh.krkNun% izHksnosfnR;eyadjs’kq dkS”kye~
jl Hkko ifjKku ns”k fLFkfr’kq pkrqjhÞ
vFkkZr ok.kh dh jpuk djds mldks xs; :i nsus okyk O;fDr] ftldks O;kdj.k] NUn]
dks’k] vyadkj] jl] Hkko vkfn dh iwjh tkudkjh gks] mls okXxs;dkj dgk tkrk gSA ia- Hkkr[kaMs
th ds vuqlkj Þizkphu le; esa ftu laxhr fo}kuksa dks in&jpuk] Loj&jpuk nksuksa dk Kku
gksrk Fkk] mudks okXxs;dkj dh laKk nh tkrh FkhAÞ
;g “kCn rhu “kCnksa ds esy ls cuk gSA okd~ dk vFkZ gS in&jpuk] xs; dk vFkZ gS xk;k
tkus okyk vkSj dkj dk vFkZ gS djus okyk] vFkkZr~ ok.kh dh jpuk djds mldks xk;u :i nsus
okys O;fDr dks okXxs;dkj dgk tkrk gSA ia- “kkjaxnso] ia- nkeksnj us bldh fo”ks’krkvksa dk o.kZu
djrs le; ekrq vkSj /kkrq “kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA nwljs “kCnksa esa ^okd~* vFkkZr in&jpuk dks
ekrq vkSj xhr i{k dks /kkrq dgrs gSaA pSrU; nso ^,u baVªksMD”ku Vw bf.M;u E;qft+d* esa blds
ckjs eas fy[krs gSa& ÞA Composer is known as Vaggeyakar. This word is derived from
three others Vak (word), Geya (song), Kara (One who makes). As the term shows, a
Composer must be a master of word and music. If on the other hand, a person who
writes only the Literature of a song he is Matukara (matu word of speech) ; If he
provides the music to the given poem he is Dhatukara (Dhatu score musical part of
song). But a Vaggeyakara Composes both the poem and music, that is he creates a
complete song.ß
Lkaxhr edjan esa pkSFks v/;k; ds 21osa “yksd ls ysdj 47osa “yksd rd okXxs;dkj ds
xq.kksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
1- Tkks laxhr esa fuiq.k gksA
2- ftldks laxhr ds fofHkUu i{kksa dh iwjh tkudkjh gksA
3- ftldks ns”k dh fofHkUu Hkk’kkvksa dh tkudkjh gksA
4- ftldks O;kdj.k dh iwjh tkudkjh gksA
5- NUn ds Hksnksa dks tkuus okyk gksA
6- lkfgR; esa of.kZr fofHkUu vyadkjksa] miekvksa dk Kku gksA
7- fofHkUu jlksa ds fy, mfpr “kCnkoyh dk Kku gksA
8- mfpr y; vkSj rky ds iz;ksx djus dh iwjh tkudkjh gksA
9- laxhr ds fofHkUu dkdw Hksnksa dk Kku gksA
10- tks cqf)eku vkSj viuh dyk ds }kjk Jksrkvksa dks vkdf’kZr dj ldsA
11- ftldks laxhr ds ifjHkkf’kd rRoksa¼lS)kafrd vkSj fØ;kRed½ dh iw.kZ tkudkjh gksA
12- ftldh Lej.k “kfDr rst+ gksA
13- ftldh laxhr ds ijEijkxr i{k dh iw.kZ tkudkjh gksA
14- tks i<+k&fy[kk gksA
izkphu “kkL=ksa esa rhu izdkj ds okXxs;dkj dk o.kZu feyrk gS&mRre] e/;e]
fuEu¼?kfV;k½A ftl O;fDr esa mi;qZDr of.kZr lkjs xq.k gksa] mls mRre okXxs;dkj dgk tkrk gSA
tks Loj&jpuk esa rks fuiq.k gks ijUrq in&jpuk esa iw.kZ tkudkjh u j[krk gks] mls e/;e
okXxs;dkj dgk tkrk gSA ftldh ekrq¼in&jpuk½] xhr&jpuk ds mfpr i{k dh iw.kZ tkudkjh
u gks] mls fuEu okXxs;dkj dgk tkrk gSA laxhr esa fuEu okXxs;dkj dk dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA
laxhr ds “kkL= esa budks uk;d Hkh dgk tkrk gSA izkphu dky vkSj e/;dky esa
okXxs;dkjksa ds cgqr uke fey tkrs gSa] tSls&gjhnkl] rkulsu] uk;d cD”k] dkSM+h jax] jax cjl]
rkulsu] v[rj fi;k] yyu fi;k] dnj fi;k vkfnA
e/;dkyhu “kkL=h; laxhr ds okXxs;dkj ds vykok HkfDr ygj ds ihjksa&Qdhjksa] xq:vksa
dks okXxs;dkj dgk tk ldrk gSA MkW- Mh-,l-u:yk us xq: ukud nso th dks mRre okXxs;dkj
dh mikf/k nh gSA ijUrq bu okXxs;dkj dks “kkL=h; laxhr dh Js.kh esa j[kuk mfpr ugha gS
D;ksafd bUgksaus viuh okf.k;ksa ds izpkj ds fy, laxhr dk dsoy lgkjk gh fy;k gSA e/;dky ds
46 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 4
Ckh0,0,e0oh0&301
bl Js.kh ds okXxs;dkjksa ds uke bl rjg gSa&xq: ukud nso th] dchj th] lwjnkl] ehjk ckbZ]
tklks ckbZ] lfgtks ckbZ] eywd nkl] ijekuan vkfnA ftl rjg HkfDr dky dk dfo [kqn
laxhrdkj Hkh Fkk] ml rjg vkt dk dfo ugha gSA vkt dk dfo viuh jpuk esa lkaxhfrd i{k
dk /;ku rks Tk:j j[krk gS ijUrq ;g t:jh ugha fd og mldh /kqu dks Hkkouk ds vuqdwy cuk
ldsA laxhr dks Loj nsus okyksa ds {ks= fHkUu cu x, gSaA ftldks Lojdkj] laxhr funsZ”kd]
laxhrdkj vkfn dgk tkrk gSA bu dkj.kksa ls gh orZeku dky esa “kkL=h; okXxs;dkjksa dh cgqr
deh gSA
4-6 Ikf.Mr
izkphu le; esa tks fo}ku~ laxhr&”kkL= dk iw.kZ Kku j[krk Fkk rFkk xk;u&dyk dk
lk/kkj.k Kku j[krk Fkk] mls if.Mr dgrs FksA if.Mr laxhr “kkL=ksa dk fujUrj v/;;u djrs
gq, uohu vuqla/kkuksa dk laca/k mlls tksM+rk gSaA if.Mr jkxksa ,oa rkyksa dh iw.kZ “kkL=kRed
vfHkO;fDr dks “kkL=ksa esa LFkku nsus esa l{ke gSA if.Mr laxhr ds fdz;kRed i{k dh vfHkO;fDr
dks Hkh “kkL=ksa esa LFkku ns ldrk gSA ijUrq mls iznf”kZr djus esa e/;e Js.kh esa vkrk gSaA if.Mrksa
dk laxhr dks “kkL=kRed :i esa laj{k.k djus gsrq fo”ks’k ;ksxnku gSA D;ksafd e/;dky ls gh
fdz;kRed :i esa tks laxhr fo}ku laxhrKksa ds ikl lqjf{kr Fkk og “kkL=ksa esa LFkku feyus ls gh
lajf{kr jg ik;k gSA if.Mrksa ds laxhr “kkL=ksa ls gesa e/;dky ls orZeku rd lEiw.kZ lkaxhfrd
rRoksa] cafn”kksa] jpukvksa ds Lo:i ,oa iz;ksxksa dks fyf[kr :i esa tku ik, gSaA bl izdkj dgk tk
ldrk gS fd if.Mrksa }kjk gh laxhr “kkL=ksa dk vkfoZHkko ,oa laxhr ds fofHkUu i{kksa dk laj{k.k
lEHko gks ik;k gSA if.Mr ,oa okXxs;dkj esa ;g fo”ks’k vUrj gSa fd okXxs;dkj “kkL= ds
lkFk&lkFk fdz;kRed i{k dk Hkh iw.kZ Kku j[krk gS rFkk og lkfgR; ,oa vusd Hkk’kkvksa dks Hkh
tkurk gSa A
4-7 dykoUr
fdlh Hkh fof”k’V dyk fo/kk ds fuekZrk ,oa izlkjd dks dykoUr dgk tkrk gSA ml
fof”k’V dyk ds leLr i{kksa dks ih<+h nj ih<+h le`)”kkyh ,oa yksdjatu gsrw mlesa e;kZfnr
ifjorZu djuk Hkh dykoUr dk fof”k’V dk;Z gSA fujUrj viuh dyk fo/kk ds fofHkUu i{kksa dh
leh{kk djuk ,oa mls lekt esa mfpr LFkku fnykus esa dykoUr dh fo”ks’k Hkwfedk gSA dykoUr
viuh dyk dks ijEijk ,oa lkaLd`frd n`f’V ls fujUrj cpk, gq, gSA bUgha dykoUrksa ds iz;klksa
ls ijEijkxr dykvksa dks cpk;k tk ldk gSA bl izdkj dgk tk ldrk gS fd dykoUr viuh
fo”ks’k dyk dks le`)”kkyh cuk jgsa gSa] ewy :i esa lgsts gq, gaS rFkk ih<+h nj ih<+h bldk izlkj
djrs jgs gSaA
4-8 xhr
tks lkaxhfrd jpuk rkyc) vkSj Nanc) vkfn gks mldks xhr ds vUrxZr ekuk tkrk
gSA izkphu dky esa izca/k oLrq:id vkfn jpuk,a vkSj vk/kqfud ;qx esa /kzqin] /kekj] [;ky] VIik]
Bqejh] rjkuk vkfn blh Js.kh ds vUrxZr vkrs gSaA xhr ds vUrxZr vkus okyh jpuk,a ,oa
“kSfy;ka] dykRedrk vkSj Hkkoqdrk izdV djrh gSaA
vk/kqfud laxhr esa xhr jpuk ds eq[; fu;e&¼Laws of Musical Composition½&
“kkL=h; laxhr esa xhr jpuk¼Musical Composition½ dk fo’k; ,d egRoiw.kZ fo’k; gSA izpfyr
“kkL=h; laxhr ds vUrxZr lk/kkj.kr% /kzqin] /kekj] [;ky¼foyfEcr vkSj nqrz ½] VIik] Bqejh] rjkuk
vkfn xhrksa ds Hksn ik, tkrs gSaA bl {ks= esa rkulsu] lnkjax] vnkjax] eujax] gjjax] “kksjhfe;k¡]
jaxhys bR;kfn xhrdkjksa dk fo”ks’k LFkku gSA vk/kqfud dky Hkh ubZ&ubZ jpukvksa dk le; gS
ftlessa vusd ubZ rFkk lqUnj jpuk,a lquus dks feyrh gSaA
xhr jpuk ds fy, fuEufyf[kr ckrksa ij /;ku j[kuk vfr vko”;d gS%&
¼1½ dkO; & loZizFke xhrdkj dks ;g ns[kuk gS fd dkO; xs;] Li’V] ljy gS ;k ughaA dkO;
ljy lk/kkj.k Jksrkvksa ds le> esa vkus okyk] g`n;xzkgh rFkk HkkoukRed gksuk pkfg,A
47 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 4
Ckh0,0,e0oh0&301
¼2½ jl & dfork ds jl dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mlds vuqdwy gh jkx dk p;u djuk pkfg,A
avf/kdrj Ja`xkj] d:.k] ohj] “kkUr & ;s pkj jl gh laxhr esa iz/kkurk j[krs gSaA bu pkjksa esa Hkh
J`axkj jl vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA ftl jl dk dkO; gS mlh jl dk jkx pquuk vko”;d gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZ J`axkj jl ds jkx dkQh] fogkx] flUnwjk] [kekt] ihyw] ckxsJh bR;kfn gaS] ohj jl ds
ekydkSa”k] “kadjk vkfn gaS] “kkUr jl ds jkx dsnkj] Jh] Hkwikyh vkfn gSa RkFkk d:.k jl ds rksM+h]
HkSjoh] ;eu] dkfyaxM+k vkfn gSaA
¼3½ jkx fuokZpu ds ckn ml dk eq[; Lo:Ik /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,A
¼4½ jkx esa dqN fo”ks’k Loj gksrs gSa ftlls jkx izkjEHk rFkk lekIr fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls Lojksa dks
xzg vkSj U;kl Loj dgrs gSaA vktdy bu Lojksa ij /;ku ugha fn;k tkrk] ijUrq dqN jkx ,sls
gSa ftuesa dqN [kkl Lojksa ij gh vf/kdrj U;kl fd;k tkrk gSA
¼5½ LFkkbZ RkFkk vUrjk jkx ds vyx&vyx mBko vkSj pyu gksrs gSa ftldk /;ku j[kuk
vko”;d gSA
¼6½ xhr jpuk esa jkx ds ,sls Lojksa dk pquko gksuk pkfg, ftlls dkO; dk Hkko Li’V gks ldsA
¼7½ rky & xhr jpuk ,slh rky esa djuh pkfg, ftlls jkx vkSj dkO; dk jl Li’V gks tk,A
¼8½ rky ds vk?kkrksa¼foHkkxksa½ dk xhr ds “kCnksa esa ?kfu’B lEcU/k gSA ;fn xhr ds mfpr LFkkuksa
ij rky ds vk?kkr¼rkyh vkSj [kkyh½ ugha iM+rh rks mlesa jlkuqHkwfr ugha gks ldrhA
¼9½ vUr esa dkO; rFkk jkx esa foJkfUr LFkkuksa dk /;ku j[kuk vko”;d gS D;ksafd jkx esa
foJkfUr LFkkuksa ls vFkZ rFkk Hkko Li’V gksrs gSaA
4-10 frjksHkko&vfoHkkZo
Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr esa jkx vewY; nsu gSA jkx dk ewy mn~ns; jatdrk mRiUu djuk
gSA laxhr esa jatdrk mldks dgk tkrk gS tks vkfRed vkuan nsA jkx dks izLrqr djrs le;
jkx esa Lojksa dk mfpr yxko] jkx dk mfpr Lo:Ik oknh] laoknh vkSj fo”ks’k fu;eksa dk iz;ksx
djrs le; fofHkUu lkaxhfrd fØ;kvksa ls jkx dh lqUnjrk dk RkRo mHkkjk tkrk gSA jkx esa
vfoHkkZo vkSj frjksHkko dh fØ;kvksa ls jkx dh lqUnjrk vkSj jatdrk dk lapkj fd;k tkrk gSA
dykdkj jkx dk foLrkj djrs le; dqN nsj esa ewy jkx ds Lo:i dks Nqik nsrk gSA ftlls
Jksrkvksa dks nwljs jkx dh >yd yxus yxrh gS] ,slh fØ;k dks jkx dk frjksHkko dgk tkrk gSA
ijUrq tc fQj okfil ewy jkx ds Lo:Ik dks Li’V fd;k tkrk gS rc mldks vfoHkkZo dgk
tkrk gSA jkx esa frjksHkko&vkfoHkkZo dh fØ;k dq”ky laxhrdkj gh dj ldrs gSaA blh fØ;k dks
;fn mfpr <ax ls u fd;k tk, rc jkx dh gkfu gks ldrh gSA blfy, bl fØ;k dks djus ls
igys fo”ks’k rRoksa dh rjQ /;ku nsuk t:jh gSA
1- ;g fØ;k dsoy ml le; gh djuh pkfg, tc jkx dk Lo:Ik iwjh rjg dk;e gks x;k gks
vFkkZr~ tc Jksrkvksa dks iw.kZ :Ik ls jkx dh igpku gks tk,A
2- ;g fØ;k vf/kdrj leizd`frd jkx }kjk gh Iks”k djuh pkfg,A
3- ;g fØ;k cgqr FkksM+s le; ds fy, gksuh pkfg, ugha rks ewy jkx dh gkfu gks ldrh gSA
4- ;g fØ;k djus ls jkx dks dksbZ uqdlku ugha gksxk ijUrq vuqfpr <ax ls djus ls jkx dks
gkfu gks ldrh gSA
vkfoHkkZo dk vFkZ gS jkx esa ewy Lo:Ik dks izdV :Ik esa fn[kykuk vkSj frjksHkko dk vFkZ
gS fd fdlh vU; jkx dh Nk;k fn[kyk dj jkx ds Lo:Ik dks dqN le; ds fy, vkPNkfnr
dj nsukA ;g izfØ;k oSfPk«; mRiUu djus ds fy, dh tkrh gS] vr% lhfer le; ds fy, gh
izfØ;k dks fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vf/kd nsj rd frjksHkko djus ls ewy jkx viuk izHkko [kks
ldrk gSA frjksHkko ds ckn iqu% tc ewy jkx esa vk;k tkrk gS] mls vkfoHkkZo dgrs gSaA frjksHkko
nks izdkj ls fd;k tkrk gS%& ¼1½ le&izd`fr jkx dh Nk;k fn[kyk dj ¼2½ ewPNZuk&Hksn ls
vk/kkj Loj dks ifjofrZr djdsA
1- le&izd`fr jkx dh Nk;k fn[kykdj & fdlh jkx dks xkrs&ctkrs le; tc jkx dk izHkko
iwjh rjg ls Nk tkrk gS rc ml jkx ls feyrs&tqyrs fdlh vU; jkx ds leku Loj&lewg tks
jkxksa esa leku :Ik ls vkrs gksa ,sls Loj lewgksa dks xk;d ;k oknd oSfPk«k mRiUu djus ds fy,
iz;ksx djrk gS] blls ewy jkx dqN le; ds fy, fNi tkrk gS] bl fNiu dh fØ;k dks
frjksHkko dgrs gSaA tSls ewy jkx ;fn HkSjoh xk;k ;k ctk;k tk jgk gks rks fUkEu izdkj ls gksxk
& lk js lk] x · lk js lk] /k+fu+ lk js lk] lk jsx e] x e xeie x e js lkA
mRrjkax esa HkSjoh esa gh ekydkSal dk frjksHkko & x e /kfu lka] /k fu/k lka] lk /k e /kfu
lka] fu lk x e /k fu lka] x e /k e fu lka · xa] ;gk¡ rd ekydkSal ds Loj&lewg gq, vkSj
lkFk gh HkSjoh ds Hkh gSa] vr% dqN le; ds fy, HkSjoh fNi x;k gS vkSj ekydkSal mHkj jgk gSA
;gk¡ Hkh Loj&lewg ugha yxk, tk ldrs gSa tks dsoy ekydkSal ds gksaA tSls%& ^eaxalka* ;k ^lka
/kfu/k e* ;s Loj&lewg HkSjoh ds ugha gSa vr% frjksHkko djrs le; bu Lojkofy;ksa dk iz;ksx ugha
dj ldrsA vkfoZHkko & lka jsa lka] lka fu/k i /k i e] i e x] lkjsx e i] x e js lkA
;g frjksHkko leku Lojksa okys ;kuh fdlh ,d FkkV ds jkxksa esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS
tSls dY;k.k FkkV ds nksuksa e/;e okys vf/kdka”k jkxksa ds iwokZax esa rks fHkUurk gS ij mRrjkax esa
leku Loj&lewgksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA tSls&dkeksn] Nk;kuV] xkSM+&lkjax] gehjA buesa ^i /k ea
2- ewPNZuk&Hksn ls vk/kkj&Loj ifjofrZr djds & ewy :Ik ls vk/kkj Loj ‘kM~t gksrk gS] ij
tc ‘kM~t ds vfrfjDr dqN le; ds fy, fdlh vU; Loj dks vk/kkj Loj ;kuh ‘kM~t eku
fy;k tk, rks ewy jkx fNi tk,xk vkSj mlds LFkku ij nwljk jkx fn[kykbZ nsus yxsxkA tSls
dksey&/kSor okys yfyr jkx dks xkrs&ctkrs le; ;fn e/;e dks dqN le; ds fy, ‘kM~t
eku ysa rks yfyr ds Lojksa esa rksM+h jkx fn[kus yxsxkA tSls%&
yfyr & e ea e] /k · ea e] fu /k fu ea /k ea ea
rksM+h & lkjs lk] x · js x js lk] ea x] ea jsxjs lk
;fn fLFkfr pUnzdkSal xkrs&ctkrs le; gksrh gS vkSj ;fn e/;e dks ‘kM~t eku ysa rks
e/kqdkSal gks tk,xkA tSls%&
pUnzdkSal & e x e /k e] x e /k fu lka] lka fu lka /k fu lka] lka xa lka
e/kqdkSal & lkfu lk x lk] fu lk x ea i] i ea i x ea i] i fu i
pUnzdkSal & fu /k e x e] /k fu lka fu lka
e/kqdkSal & ea x lk] fu lk x ea i ea i
ik¡p Lojksa okys vkSMqo&tkfr ds jkxksa esa ;g fØ;k vkSj Hkh vklku gSA ekydkSal ds ‘kM~t
dks vk/kkj&Loj ekuus ls ekydkSal] dksey&xka/kkj dks ‘kM~t ekuus ls fcykoy&FkkV dk nqxkZ]
e/;e dks vk/kkj ekuus ls /kkuh] dksey /kSor dks ‘kM~t ekuus ls Hkwikyh vkSj dksey&fu’kkn dks
vk/kkj&Loj ekuus ls e/kqekn&lkjax ds LojkUrj izkIr gksaxsA vr% ekydkSal esa bu pkjksa jkxksa dk
frjksHkko fd;k tk ldrk gS ;k mijksDr ik¡pksa jkxksa esa ,d&nwljs dk frjksHkko fd;k tk ldrk
gSA
ewPNZuk&Hksn ls frjksHkko djus ls jkxksa ds foLrkj dh Ik;kZIr tkudkjh gks tkrh gS D;ksafd
lHkh jkxksa dh rkusa ,d&nwljs jkx esa iz;ksx djus dh ubZ n`f’V vk tkrh gSA leFkZ dykdkj bl
fjfr ls vk/kkj&Loj cny&cny dj dksbZ Hkh jkx vf/kd le; xkrs ctkrs ns[ks tkrs gSaA cM+s
xqyke vyh [kk¡ lkgc rks ewPNZuk&Hksn ls vk/kkj&Loj ifjofrZr djds vfoHkkZo&frjksHkko dh jhfr
dk gh vf/kd iz;ksx djrs FksA
4-11 dkdq
dkdq dk vFkZ gS /ofu ds mrkj&p<+ko ls Hkko O;Dr djukA laxhr esa LkHkh Loj vk/kkj
Loj ls Å¡ps ;k uhps gksus ij curs gSa ftuls laxhr fufeZr gksrk gSA dkdq ls Lojksa dk
mrkj&p<+ko ;k Lojksa dk Å¡pk uhpkiu iznf”kZr gksrk gS blfy, dkdq dks laxhr dh tuuh dgk
tkrk gSA leku “kCn gksus ij Hkh ;fn /ofu dks Hkko ds vuqlkj Å¡ph ;k uhph dj nh tk, rks
Hkko esa vUrj vk tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr ;fn “kCnksa ds Bgjko esa vUrj dj fn;k tk, rks Hkh
vFkZ ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA v/kZ&fojke ls fuEufyf[kr okD; dk vFkZ gh foifjr gks x;k gS ^mls
jksdks* er vkus nks*] vc ;gk¡ jksdks ds ckn dk vFkZ fojke ^er* ds Ik”pkr yxkus ls vFkZ ,dne
foifjr gks tkrk gS&^mls jksdks er] vkus nks*A bu nksuksa okD;ksa esa leku “kCn gSa dsoy v/kZfojke
ds LFkku Hksn ls vFkZ ifjofrZr gks x;kA vc dkdq ij fopkj djsaA iz”uokpd okD; esa Loj uhps
ls Åij gksrk gS tSls ;fn ;g iwNuk gks fd ^og D;k gS\* rks /ofu e/;&’kM~t ls iape rd
mBrh gS blds foifjr tc mRrj nsuk gks /ofu e/;&’kM~t ls uhps iape rd tkrh gSA dgus
4-12 Rkku
Rkku “kCn dk vFkZ gS c<+kuk ;k QSykukA nwljs vFkksZa esa bldks foLrkj Hkh dgk tk ldrk
gS D;ksafd blds }kjk jkx okpd Loj lewgksa dk nzqr y; esa v[kafMr #i esa mPpkj.k fd;k tkrk
gSA fdlh Hkh jkx esa rku mPpkj.k djus ds fy, ml jkx ds oknh&laoknh] vkjksg&vojksg vkSj
oftZr Loj] jkx dk fo”ks’k pyu vkfn dh rjQ fo”ks’k /;ku j[kuk iM+rk gSA bu rRoksa dk /;ku
rks vkyki cafn”k esa Hkh j[kuk iM+rk gS ijUrq rkuksa esa fo”ks’k fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gq, fofHkUu
y;dkfj;ka] ftlls lqUnjrk] fofp=rk vkfn iSnk gksrh gS] dk fo”ks’k egRo fn[kyk;k tkrk gSA
Rkkuksa dk iz;ksx [;ky] VIik] Bqejh vkfn xk;u&”kSfy;ksa esa gh fd;k tkrk gSA /kzqin esa
rkuksa dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrkA /kzqin ds rhljs vkSj pkSFks pj.k esa ukse&rkse ds vkyki esa
dsoy xed rku dk gh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj rkuksa dk iz;ksx /kzqin esa ugha gksrkA
Rkkuksa ds izdkj & Rkkuksa ds vusd izdkj gSa tSls&vyadkfjd rku] xed rku] dwV rku] feJ rku]
NwV rku] tcM+s dh rku] fQjr rku] nkusnkj rku] gyd rku] >Vds dh rku] [kVds dh rku]
cksy rku] likV rku] VIis vax dh rku] ewNZuk dh rku] pDdh rku] ryokj dh rku]
m[kkM+&iNkM+ dh rku] yM+r rku] iyV rku] ljxe rku] vpjd rku] oØ rku] ljksd rku
vkfnA
rku jpuk fof/k & vkjafHkd fo|kFkhZ dks igys xq# ds }kjk fl[kkà lk/kkj.k rkuksa dk gh iz;ksx
djuk pkfg,A ijUrq /khjs&/khjs fo|kFkhZ dks jkx ds fo”ks’k pyu] rkuksa ds mfpr fu;eksa ds iz;ksx
ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gks tkrh gS rks og rkuksa dh jpuk Lo;a Hkh dj ldrk gSA rkuksa esa y;dkjh
dk fo”ks’k egRo gSA
mRre rkuksa ds fl)kar & vkjafHkd fo|kFkhZ dks igys pkj o.kksZ¼LFkkà o.kZ] vkjksgh o.kZ] vojksgh
o.kZ] lapkjh o.kZ½ ds vyadkjksa dk vH;kl gksuk pkfg, rkfd fo|kFkhZ dk xyk Lojksa ds mfpr
LFkku ds mPpkj.k esa iDdk gks ldsA bu vyadkjksa dks igys Bkg y; esa] fQj nqxqu vkSj pkSxqu]
vBxqu y; esa djok;k tk,A
vkjaHk esa dsoy NksVh&NksVh rkuksa dk gh vH;kl djk;k tk,A ckn esa cM+h rkusa fo|kFkhZ
vius vki xkus esa leFkZ gks tkrk gSA rku dk vH;kl igys de y; esa fd;k tk, rkfd Lojksa
vkSj fØ;kvksa dk mfpr iz;ksx gks ldsA rkuksa dh la[;k rc gh c<+kà tk, tc igyh rkuksa ij
iwjk vH;kl gks tk,A vH;kl ds fy, vFkkZr~ xys dh fo”ks’k gjdr ds fy, likV rku dk
viuk vyx gh ;ksxnku gksrk gSA vojksgkRed Øe esa likV Lojksa dk mPpkj.k eqf”dy yxrk gS
D;ksafd bl Øe esa daB ij dkcw rc gh gks ldrk gS tc Lojksa dk iw.kZ Kku gksA ,slh rkuksa esa
y;dkjh /khjs&/khjs c<+kuh pkfg, vkSj lkFk gh lkFk likV Lojksa dk vH;kl e/; ‘kM~t ls ysdj
rkj lka rd u fd;k tk, cfYd igys lk ls ysdj e rd ,d iM+ko nsdj vH;kl djus ds
ckn rkj ‘kM~t rd igqapk tk,A
rku dk vH;kl djrs le; ‘kM~t ;k jkx esa yxus okys fo”ks’k vkjafHkd Loj tSls
dY;k.k esa fu vkfn ls u fd;k tk, cfYd _’kHk ls ysdj rkj lIrd ds _’kHk rd] xa/kkj ls
ysdj rkj lIrd ds xa/kkj rd bR;kfn rkuksa dk vH;kl fd;k tk,] ftlls fo|kFkhZ dks Lojksa
4-13 lkjka”k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds lS)kfUrd i{kksa tSls ekxhZ
laxhr] ns”kh laxhr] xU/koZ] xku] okXxs;dkj] if.Mr] dykoUr] uk;d] xk;d] xhr] frjksHkko]
vfoHkkZo] dkdq vkSj Rkku ds ckjs esa tku pqds gksaxsA laxhr ,oa /kEkZ dk vkjEHk ls gh vVwV lEcU/k
jgk gSA laxhr dh nks /kkjkvksa eks{k izkfIr ,oa yksd euksjatudkjh Øe”k% ekxhZ ,oa ns”kh laxhr ds
:Ik esa dkykUrj ls Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds vfHkUu vax ds :Ik esa izpyu esa jgh gSA ekxhZ laxhr dh
rqyuk igkM+h ns”kksa esa mUeqDr :Ik ls cgrs gq, >juksa ls dh tk ldrh gSA Hkkjrh; “kkL=h;
laxhr dh ijEijk dk fuokZg djrs gq, xk;d] uk;d] okXxs;dkj] iafMr] dykoUr vkfn us
4-14 “kCnkoyh
1- Jqfr & dkuksa ls lquh tk ldus okyh lw{e /ofuA
2- ewPNZuk & lIrd esa Øekuqlkj ikWp] N% ;k lkr Lojksa dk fo'ks’k Øe;qDr iz;ksx ewPNZuk
dgykrk gSA
3- xed & vkUnksfyr cy;qDr Loj dk iz;ksxA
4- tkfr xku & /kqzin o izcU/k xk;u ds iwoZ ,d izkphu xku izdkjA
5- xzg ,oa va'k Loj & laxhr jpuk dk lcls izkjfEHkd Loj xzg Loj gS rFkk blds i'pkr
egRoiw.kZ Loj va'k Loj gSA
6- [kVdk & fdlh Loj dks ikl okys nwljs Loj ls vYi Li'kZ ;fn tksjnkj fof/k ls gks rks og
[kVdk dgykrk gSA
7- eqdhZ & Lojksa dk NksVk lk lewg ftlls rst xfr ls fy;k tkrk gS mls eqdhZ dgrs gSaA
8- vyadkj & Lojksa dk ,slk lewg tks xhr dks jatdrk iznku djrk gSA
9- vkyki & Lojksa }kjk vkdkj esa foLrkj djuk ftlls jkx dk foLrkj gksrk gSA
bdkbZ 1 & ikB~;dze ds jkxksa dk ifjp;] Loj foLrkj ,oa Loj lewg ds ek/;e ls jkx
igpkuukA
1-1 izLrkouk
1-2 mn~ns”;
1-3 jkx fe;k¡ eYgkj
1-3-1 ifjp;
1-3-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k¡
1-3-3 Loj lewg }kjk jkx igpkuuk
1-4 jkx ekydkSal
1-4-1 ifjp;
1-4-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k¡
1-4-3 Loj lewg }kjk jkx igpkuuk
1-5 jkx eqYrkuh
1-5-1 ifjp;
1-5-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k¡
1-5-3 Loj lewg }kjk jkx igpkuuk
1-6 jkx rksM+h
1-6-1 ifjp;
1-6-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k¡
1-6-3 Loj lewg }kjk jkx igpkuuk
1-7 jkx njckjh
1-7-1 ifjp;
1-7-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k¡
1-7-3 Loj lewg }kjk jkx igpkuuk
1-8 jkx clUr
1-8-1 ifjp;
1-8-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k¡
1-8-3 Loj lewg }kjk jkx igpkuuk
1-9 jkx ijt
1-9-1 ifjp;
1-9-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k¡
1-9-3 Loj lewg }kjk jkx igpkuuk
1-10 jkx “kadjk
1-10-1 ifjp;
1-10-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k¡
1-10-3 Loj lewg }kjk jkx igpkuuk
1-11 lkjka”k
1-12 vH;kl iz”uksa ds mŸkj
1-13 lanHkZ xzUFk lwph
1-14 fucU/kkRed iz”u
1-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0oh0&301½ ds f}rh; [k.M dh igyh
bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds ckn vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds bfrgkl¼e/;dky
ds mijkUr ls vk/kqfud dky rd½ rFkk FkkV i)fr ds ckjs esa tku pqds gksaxsA vki Jqfr ,oa
lkaxhfrd “kCnksa ls Hkh ifjfpr gks pqds gksaxsA
izLrqr bdkbZ esa vkidks ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa dk iw.kZ o.kZu fn;k tk,xk ftlls vki jkxksa
dk iw.kZ ifjp; izkIr djsaxsA jkx esa iz;ksx gksus okyh eq[; Loj laxfr;k¡ ftuls jkx dh
LFkkiuk dh tkrh gS] bl bdkbZ ds ek/;e ls vki mudks Hkh tkusaxsA pyu ,oa vax ds vk/kkj
ij jkx ,d nwljs ls feyrs gSaA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr~ vki vius ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa dks iw.kZr;k le>saxs vkSj
feyrs&tqyrs jkxksa dk v/;;u dj ,d nwljs ls vyx dj le>saxs] tks vkidks jkxksa dk
lS)kfUrd i{k izLrqr djus esa lgk;d gksxkA bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr~ vki jkxksa dk
fØ;kRed Lo:i esa izLrqrhdj.k lQyrk iwoZd dj ldsaxsA
1-2 mn~ns”;
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr vki %&
1- ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa dk iw.kZ ifjp; izkIr dj ldsaxsA
2- Loj lewg }kjk jkxksa dks igpku ldsaxsA
3- jkxksa dks ,d nwljs ls i`Fkd dj ik,axsA
4- jkxksa dh lS)kfUrd O;k[;k ,oa fØ;kRed Lo:i dk lqUnj rFkk lQy izLrqrhdj.k dj
ldsaxsA
fe;k¡ eYgkj jkx dkQh FkkV tU; jkx gSA dqN fo}ku bldk oknh lk rFkk lEoknh ^i*
ekurs gSa rks dksbZ bldk oknh ^e* rFkk lEoknh lk ekurs gSaA ijUrq “kkL=ksDrkuqlkj nwljk er
vf/kd izpfyr gSA blds vkjksg esa lkr RkFkk vojksg esa /kSor oftZr gksus ds dkj.k bldh tkfr
lEiw.kZ&‘kkM+o ekuh tkrh gSA bl jkx dks o’kkZ _`rq esa vf/kd xk;k&ctkk;k tkrk gS blfy,
bl jkx dks ekSleh jkx dh laKk nh tkrh gSA “kkL= fu;ekuqlkj bl jkx dk xk;u le;
e/;jkf= ekuk tkrk gSA dkuMk+ ,oa eYgkj bu nks jkxksa dk blesa lqUnj lkeatL; gSA bl jkx
esa & js e js lk] fu+ i+] e+ i+] fu+ /k+] fu+ lk] e js i] fu /k] fu lka] i x e js lk & ;g Hkkx
ckj&ckj iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bUgha Loj leqnk;ksa }kjk bl jkx dh igpku gksrh gSA bl
jkx esa dksey xa/kkj rFkk nksuksa fu’kknksa¼dksey ,oa “kq)½ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh
nksuksa fu’kknksa dk iz;ksx Hkh xk;d&oknd ,d ds ckn ,d djds Hkh jkx gk¡fu ugha gksus nsrs gSa
vkSj tks lquus esa Hkh lqUnj izrhr gksrk gSA bldk vkyki tc foyfEcr y; esa djds mldk
foLrkj eUnz LFkku ij gksrk gS rc ;g lqUnj ,oa d.kZfiz; yxrk gSA
mijksDr fy[ks nksgs esa iape _[kc dks oftZr ,oa l&e ds lEokn }kjk ekydkSal jkx
dk Lo:i fn;k x;k gSA ekydkSal jkx HkSjoh FkkV dk jkx gS] blds vkjksg rFkk vojksg esa
_’kHk rFkk iape Loj oftZr gS blfy, bldh tkfr vkSMo+ &vkSMo+ gSA bl jkx dk oknh Loj
e/;e rFkk lEoknh ‘kM+t gSA bl jkx dk xk;u le; jkf= dk rhljk izgj gSA bl jkx esa x]
/k] fu Loj dksey rFkk “ks’k Loj “kq) yxrs gSaA ;g xEHkhj izÑfr dk vR;Ur yksdfiz; ,oa e/kqj
jkx gSA cgqr ls xk;d&oknd dykdkjksa dk dguk gS fd ;g vklkojh FkkV dk jkx gS ijUrq
izpkj esa HkSjoh FkkV gh loZekU; gSA dHkh&dHkh _’kHk dk iz;ksx fooknh Loj ds ukrs vuqfpr
ugha gksxkA bl jkx esa foyfEcr [;ky] /kzqin] /kekj] rjkuk lHkh xk, tkrs gSaA fu’kkn ds
vfrfjDr blds lHkh Lojksa ij U;kl lEHko gSA
vkjksg & fu+ lk x e] /k fu lkaA
vojksg & lka fu /k e] x e x lkAA
idM+ & e x] e /k fu /k] e] x lk A
eqYrkuh jkx dh mRifŸk rksMh+ FkkV ls ekuh xbZ gSA bl jkx esa js] x] /k Loj dksey
rFkk e Loj rhoz iz;qDr gksrk gSA blesa oknh iape rFkk lEoknh ‘kMt gSA vkjksg esa js&/k Loj
oftZr rFkk vojksg esa lkrksa Loj iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSa blfy, bl jkx dh tkfr vkSM+o&lEiw.kZ
gSA bldk xk;u le; fnu dk pkSFkk izgj ekU; gSA bl jkx esa _`’kHk] xa/kkj ,oa /kSor Lojksa
dk iz;ksx cMh+ dq”kyrk ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd bu Lojksa ds iz;ksx esa vlko/kkuh gksus
ds dkj.k bl jkx esa Jksrkvksa dks dHkh&dHkh rksMh+ jkx dk vkHkkl gksuk lEHko gSA eqYrkuh esa
e/;e rFkk xa/kkj Lojksa dh laxfr o iqujko`fŸk gksrh gSA bl jkx dks ^ijesy izos”kd* jkx ekurs
gSa D;ksafd ;g rksMh+ FkkV ls iwohZ FkkV ds jkxksa esa izos”k djkrk gSA rksMh+ ds xa/kkj dks dksey ds
LFkku ij “kq) djsa rks iwohZ FkkV gks tk,xkA eqYrkuh xkus esa lk] i] fu ;g U;kl ds LFkku ekus
tkrs gSa rFkk fHkUUk&fHkUu izdkj dh rkusa bu Lojksa ij lEkkIr dh tkrh gSaA dqN laLd`r xzUFkksa esa
eqYrkuh jkx esa xa/kkj rhoz crk;k x;k gS fdUrq izpfyr fgUnqLrkuh laxhr&i)fr esa dksey
xa/kkj gh ekuk tkrk gSA jkx eqYrkuh ,oa rksMh+ lehi ds jkx gSaA eqYrkuh ds vojksg esa
_`’kHk&/kSor dh ek=k vf/kd gksus ls rksMh+ dh Nk;k vkus yxrh gS] blfy, dqN fo}ku tSls
fcgkx ds vojksg esa _`’kHk vkSj /kSor de j[krs gSa] mlh izdkj eqYrkuh ds vojksg esa Hkh j[krs
gSaA tgk¡ rksMh+ esa lk js x] iz;ksx djrs gSa rks eqYrkuh esa fu+ lk x vFkok fu+ lk×Þ x Loj dk
iz;ksx djrs gSaA blls jkx dk Lo:i Li’V gks tkrk gSA
vkjksg & fu+ lk] x ×Þ i] fu lkaA
vojksg & lka fu /k i] ×Þ x] js lkA
idM+ & fu+ lk] ×Þ x] i x] js lkA
57 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; f}rh; [k.M+] bdkbZ 1
ch0,0,e0oh0&301
U;kl ds Loj & lk] i] fuA
leizd`fr jkx & rksMh+
;g jkx rksM+h FkkV ls mRiUu ekuk tkrk gSA vr% ;g rksM+h FkkV dk vkJ; jkx gSA
rFkk blds FkkV dk ukedj.k blh jkx ds vk/kkj ij gqvkA bl jkx dk oknh Loj /kSor rFkk
lEoknh Loj xU/kkj gSA bl jkx esa _’kHk ¼js½] xU/kkj ¼x½ rFkk /kSor ¼/k½ Loj dksey yxrs gSa]
e/;e rhoz iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA vkjksg&vojksg esa lkrksa Loj iz;qDr gksrs gSa] vr% bl jkx dh
tkfr lEiw.kZ&lEiw.kZ gSA iape dk iz;ksx vYi djrs gSaA vkjksg esa vf/kdrj iape dks ya?ku ;k
oftZr dj nsrs gSa rFkk vojksg esa Hkh iape vYi iz;ksx gksrk gSA vkjksg&vojksg nksuksa esa iape
oftZr djus ls xqtjh rksM+h jkx gks tkrk gSA iwokZax esa xU/kkj vkSj mRrjkax esa /kSor ij U;kl
djrs gSaA bl jkx dks xkus dk le; fnu dk nwljk izgj gSA rksM+h mRrjkax oknh gS rFkk fnu
ds mRrj vax esa vFkkZr 12 cts ds iwoZ xk, tkus ij Hkh blesa eUnz lIrd mruk gh izeq[k gS
ftruk fd rkj rFkk e/; lIrdA bl jkx dks fe;ka rkulsu }kjk cuk;k x;k ,slk ekuk tkrk
gS] blfy, bls fe;ka dh rksM+h Hkh dgrs gSaA ;g xEHkhj izd`fr dk jkx gS] blesa foyfEcr o nzrq
[;ky nksuksa “kksHkk nsrs gSaA ehaM] xed vkSj d.k rhuksa bl jkx esa mi;qDr cSBrs gSaA
vkjksg & lk js x] ×Þ Ik] /k] fu lka
vojksg & lka fu /k] Ik] ×Þ x] js lk
idM+ & /k+ fu+ lk js x] js x ×Þ x js x js lk
U;kl ds Loj & x] /k
lEizd`fr jkx & xqtjh rksM+h
bl jkx dh mRifŸk vklkojh FkkV ls ekuh xbZ gSA bl jkx dk oknh Loj _`’kHk rFkk
lEoknh iape gSA bl jkx ds vkjksg esa lkrksa Loj ,oa vojksg esa N^ Lojksa dk iz;ksx gksus ds
dkj.k bldh tkfr lEiw.kZ&’kkM+o gSA ;g xEHkhj izd`fr dk jkx gSA bldk xk;u le; e/;
jkf= gSA bl jkx dk eq[; pyu eUnz lIrd rFkk e/; lIrd esa fd;k tkrk gSA bl jkx ds
vkjksg esa xa/kkj Loj nqcZy gSA rkuksa ds tYn o ljy :i esa rks dHkh&dHkh bldks fcYdqy NksM+
nsrs gSaA xa/kkj Loj esa vkUnksyu bl jkx esa vR;f/kd fofp=rk iSnk djrk gSA vojksg esa /kSor
dks oT;Z djrs gSaA bl jkx dks fe;k¡ rkulsu us izpfyr djds vdcj ckn”kkg dks izLkUu fd;k
Fkk ,slk dgk tkrk gSA blesa fu’kkn vkSj iape dh laxfr cgqr lqUnj yxrh gSA ;g vR;f/kd
e/kqj jkx gSA bl jkx esa x] /k] fu Loj dksey rFkk “ks’k Loj “kq) yxrs gSaA bl jkx ds leku
;g iwohZ FkkV ls mRiUu jkx ekuk tkrk gSA blesa nksuksa e/;e] _’kHk o /kSor dksey
rFkk vU; Loj “kq) iz;qDr gksrs gSaA vkjksg esa js o Ik Loj oftZr rFkk vojksg dks lEiw.kZ j[kus
ls ;g jkx f[ky tkrk gSA vr% bl jkx dh tkfr vkSMo+ &lEiw.kZ gSA oknh Loj rkj lka rFkk
lEoknh e/;e gSA blesa e/;e dks yfyr vax ls vFkkZr nksuksa e/;eksa dks lkFk&lkFk ysrs gSa&
lk e & ×Þ e x ×Þ /k lkaA ;g mRrjkax iz/kku jkx gS] vr% bldh c<+r e/; lIrd ds
mRrjkax rFkk rkj lIrd esa gksrh gSA e/; lIrd ls rkj lIrd dks tkrs le; dksey _’kHk
iz;ksx djrs gSa& ×Þ /k jsa lka] fdUrq e/; lIrd ds vkjksg esa _’kHk dk iz;ksx dHkh ugha gksrkA
bl jkx dh mRifRr iwohZ FkkB ls ekuh tkrh gSA blesa js] /k dksey rFkk nksuksa e/;e
iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSaA vf/kdrj rhoz e/;e dk iz;ksx vkjksg esa rFkk “kq) e/;e dk vojksg esa
gksrk gSA tSls & ×Þ /k lka fu /k Ik ×Þ x e x ×Þ x js lkA bldk oknh Loj ‘kMt rFkk iape
laoknh gSA bl jkx ds vkjksg esa fj’kHk Loj oftZr gksrk gS rFkk vojksg esa lkrksa Loj iz;qDr gksrs
gSaA vr% bldh tkfr ‘kkM+o&lEiw.kZ gSA bldh tkfr ‘kkM+o&lEiw.kZ ekuh xbZ gS ysfdu fQj Hkh
dHkh&dHkh lIrd ds vkjksgkRed Lojksa esa _’kHk iz;qDr gksrk gSA fu jsa xa jsa lka fu /k fuA ;g
mRrjkax iz/kku jkx gSA bldk pyu e/; lIrd ds mRrjkax rFkk rkj lIrd esa gksrk gSA
bldh pky piy gS] blfy, yksx blesa foyfEcr [;ky cgqr de xkrs gSaA jkx ijt dks
;g fcykoy FkkV dk jkx ekuk tkrk gSA blesa vkjksg esa e/;e vkSj vojksg esa e/;e o
_’kHk oftZr gSA ;g vkSM+o&‘kkM+o tkfr dk jkx gSA “kadjk ds vkjksg dks ns[kus ls ;g irk
yxk ldrs gSa fd /kSor dk iz;ksx lh/kk u gksdj oØ gksrk gSA bl n`f’V ls vkjksg dh tkfr esa
/kSor dks ugha ekuk tkuk pkfg,A nwljh vksj vxj ge vkjksg esa /kSor dks ugha ekurs gSa rks
dsoy pkj gh Loj cprs gSaA fu;ekuqlkj jkx ds vkjksg ;k vojksg esa de ls de 5 Loj vo”;
gksus pkfg,A blfy, vkjksg esa /kSor dks ikap dh la[;k iwjh djus ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA
vojksg esa xU/kkj ls lk rd vkus esa ehaM dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fj’kHk dks vYi j[kk
tkrk gSA bldk oknh Loj xU/kkj rFkk lEoknh fu’kkn gSA ;g mRrjkax iz/kku jkx gSA vr%
bldk pyu lIrd ds mRrj vax rFkk rkj lIrd esa vf/kd gksrk gSA Ik ls xa/kkj dks vkrs
62 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; f}rh; [k.M+] bdkbZ 1
ch0,0,e0oh0&301
le; loZizFke js dk d.k ysrs gSA tSls & x Ik jsx jslk x lk bl jkx dk xk;u le; jkf=
dk nwljk izgj gSA
vkjksg & lk x Ik fu /k lka
vojksg & lka fu i] fu /k lka] fu Ik x Ik x lk
idM+ & lka fu i] fu /k lka] fu i] x Ik x lk
3- Ik Ik lka & & lka jsa lka] lk xa lka xa ia xa lka ¼lka½ fu & & i] fu /k
¼lka½ fu & & Ik x Ik x lk
vH;kl iz”u
d- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, %&
1- fe;ka eYgkj dh tkfr------------------------------ gSA
2- ekydkSal jkx dk xk;u le; --------------------------------------- gSA
3- eqYrkuh jkx --------------- FkkV ls mRiUu gSA
4- rksMh+ dk oknh Loj ----------------rFkk laoknh Loj -------------- gSA
5- njckjh jkx ----------------------- FkkV ls mRiUu ekuk x;k gSA
6- clUr jkx ------------------------------- tkfr dk jkx gSA
7- jkx ijt dk oknh Loj ------------- rFkk laoknh Loj -------------- gSA
8- jkx “kadjk dk xk;u le; jkf= dk --------------- izgj gSA
d- y?kq mRrjh; iz”u %&
1- eqYrkuh jkx dk iw.kZ ifjp; nhft,A
2- jkx fe;k¡ eYgkj dk iw.kZ ifjp; nhft,A
1-11 lkjka”k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds ckn vki ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa dk iw.kZ ifjp; izkIr dj pqds gSaA
jkx esa iz;qDr gksus okys Loj] jkx dk oknh] lEoknh] jkx ds idM+ Loj ,oa jkx ds eq[; Loj
leqnk; ftuds }kjk jkx dks ,d nwljs ls vyx djds igpkuk tk ldrk gS bu lcdk Kku
Hkh vki izkIr dj pqds gSaA bl bdkbZ esa vkius vaxksa ds vk/kkj ij rFkk jkx ds pyu ds vk/kkj
ij leku izdkj ds jkxksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u Hkh fd;k] ftlls vki ,d jkx ls nwljs jkx
bdkbZ 2 & laxhrKksa¼m0 vCnqy djhe [kk¡] m0 vehj [kk¡] ia0 Mh0 oh0 iyqLdj] m0 vYykfn;k
[kk¡] ia0 fouk;d jko iVo/kZu] ia0 d`".kjko 'kadj iafMr o ia0 ukjk;.k jko O;kl½ dk thou
ifjp;A
2-1 izLrkouk
2-2 mn~ns”;
2-3 laxhrKksa dk thou ifjp;
2-3-1 m0 vCnqy djhe [kk¡
2-3-2 m0 vehj [kk¡
2-3-3 ia0 Mh0 oh0 iyqLdj
2-3-4 m0 vYykfn;k [kk¡
2-3-5 ia0 fouk;d jko iVo/kZu
2-3-6 ia0 d`".kjko 'kadj iafMr
2-3-7 ia0 ukjk;.k jko O;kl
2-4 lkjka”k
2-5 “kCnkoyh
2-6 vH;kl iz”uksa ds mRrj
2-7 lanHkZ xzUFk lwph
2-8 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh
2-9 fucU/kkRed iz”u
2-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0oh0&301½ ds f}rh; [k.M dh nwljh
bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa esa vki ikB~;dze ds jkxksa ls ifjfpr gks pqds gSaA
izLrqr bdkbZ esa vkidks m0 vCnqy djhe [kk¡] m0 vehj [kk¡] ia0 Mh0oh0 iyqLdj] m0
vYykfn;k [kk¡] ia0 fouk;d jko iVo/kZu] ia0 d`’.kjko “kadj iafMr o ia0 ukjk;.k jko O;kl th
dk thou ifjp; rFkk lkaxhfrd ;ksxnku ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr vki bu izfrf’Br laxhrKksa ds O;fDrRo rFkk laxhr ds
izpkj&izlkj esa buds ;ksxnku ds ckjs esa tku ldsaxsA
2-2 mn~ns”;
izLrqr bdkbZ ds v/;;u ls vki tku ldsaxs fd %&
• mDr laxhrKksa us fdUk&fdu xq:tuksa ls f”k{kk xzg.k dhA
• bu laxhrKksa us fdu ?kjkuksa dk izfrfuf/kRo fd;kA
• bu laxhrKksa dks dkSu&dkSu ls lEeku o iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
• bu laxhrKksa us dkSu&dkSu ls laxhr laLFkkuksa rFkk laxhr fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dhA
• bUgksaus dkSu lh ubZ jpuk] xzUFk bR;kfn fy[kk gSA
vH;kl iz”u
d- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ %&
1- mLrkn vehj [kk¡ ---------------------- ?kjkus ls laEcfU/kr FksA
2- vehj [kk¡ ds firk------------------------- ,d vPNs --------------------oknd FksA
3- lu~ ------------------- esa Hkkjr ljdkj us mLrkn vehj [kk¡ dks in~eHkw’k.k ls vyad`r fd;kA
2-4 lkjka”k
izLrqr bdkbZ esa vkius m0 vCnqy djhe [kk¡] m0 vehj [kk¡] ia0 Mh0oh0 iyqLdj] m0
vYykfn;k¡ [kk¡] ia0 fouk;d jko iVo/kZu] ia0 d`’.k jko “kadj iafMr o ia0 ukjk;.k jko O;kl th
ds thou ls tqMs+ egRowi.kZ igyqvksa dks tku pqds gksaxsA lkaxhfrd txr esa mijksDr laxhrdkjksa ds
;ksxnku ds fo’k; esa Hkh vkius tkukA vki tku pqds gksaxs fd fdruh foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh
bUgksaus laxhr ds {ks= esa fuR; ifjJe ds cy ij miyfC/k gkfly dh rFkk laxhr dh lsok dhA
2-5 “kCnkoyh
1- xnxn & vR;Ur izlUu
2- Le`fr fnol & ;kn esa euk;k tkus okyk fnu
3- vf}rh; & ftlds tSlk dksbZ nwljk dksbZ ugha gks
4- vuojr & yxkrkj
3-1 izLrkouk
3-2 mn~ns”;
3-3 fucU/k dh O;k[;k
3-4 fucU/k ds vo;o
3-4-1 Hkwfedk
3-4-1-1 laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; dh Hkwfedk
3-4-2 fo’k; oLrq
3-4-2-1 xq:eq[k }kjk laxhr f”k{kk
3-4-2-2 laxhr laLFkkvksa }kjk laxhr f”k{kk
3-4-2-3 fo|ky; ,oa fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa laxhr f”k{kk
3-4-3 milagkj & laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij
3-5 lkjka”k
3-6 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh
3-7 fucU/kkRed iz'u
3-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0oh0&301½ ds f}rh; [k.M dh rhljh
bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa esa vki ikB~;dze ds jkxksa ls ifjfpr gks pqds gSaA vki laxhrKksa
ds thou rFkk laxhr esa muds ;ksxnku ls Hkh ifjfpr gks pqds gksaxsA
bl bdkbZ esa fucU/k ys[ku ds fo’k; esa vkidks dqN egRoiw.kZ rF;ksa ls voxr djk;k
tk,xkA fucU/k fy[krs le; fdu&fdu ckrksa ij fo'ks"k /;ku nsus dh vko';drk gksrh gS ;g Hkh
bl bdkbZ esa of.kZr gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki fucU/k ys[ku dh fof/k rFkk fucU/k ys[ku ds
vo;oksa ls ifjfpr gksaxsA vki fdlh Hkh fo’k; ij fucU/k fy[kus esa l{ke gks ldsaxsA
3-2 mn~ns';
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki %&
• fucU/k ys[ku ds vo;oksa dk lgh iz;ksx dj ldsaxsA
• viuh ys[ku “kSyh dk fodkl dj ldsaxsA
• fdlh Hkh fo’k; esa vki O;ofLFkr :i ls fucU/k izLrqr dj ldsaxsA
3-4-1 Hkwfedk & blds vUrxZr fo’k; ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsrs gq, O;k[;k ds vUrxZr vkus okys
lUnHkksZa ds ckjs esa crkrs gSaA Hkwfedk ds ek/;e ls fucU/k dk Lo:i irk py tkrk gSA O;k[;k
fdu&fdu fcUnqvksa ij dsfUnzr gksuh gS bldk laf{kIr ifjp; Hkh Hkwfedk ds ek/;e ls fn;k tkrk
gSA Hkwfedk esa fo’k; izos”k izLrqr fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr fo’k; D;k gS ,oa fo’k; ij fucU/k ds ek/;e
ls ge fo’k; ds lUnHkZ esa D;k&D;k ppkZ djsaxsA
mnkgj.k ds :i esa laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ds ek/;e ls vkidks fucU/k dh ys[ku “kSyh ls
ifjfpr djk,axsA
3-4-1-1 Lakxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij Hkwfedk & izkphu dky ls gh laxhr dk lUnHkZ gesa lkeosn ls izkIr
gksrk gS rFkk oSfnd le; esa _pkvksa ds xku dh f”k{kk xq:eq[k ls nsus dh ijEijk Fkh vkSj bl
ijEijk dk fuokZg dkQh le; rd jgkA laxhr dk okLrfod Lo:i fØ;kRed gSA vr% bldh
f”k{kk Hkh fØ;kRed :i esa nsus ls gh laxhr dk Lo:i Li’V gks ikrk gSA ;|fi laxhr ls lEcfU/kr
vo;oksa dh O;k[;k le;≤ ij fofHkUu laxhr euhf"k;ksa ds }kjk nh tkrh jgh gS ijUrq laxhr
dks fØ;kRed Lo:i esa izLrqr djus ds fy, f”k’; dks xq:eq[k ls gh f”k{kk xzg.k djuk gksrh Fkh
ftlds fy, xq:dqy dh O;oLFkk jgrh FkhA orZeku esa laxhr f”k{kk dk Lo:i cny pqdk gS
ftldh ppkZ vkxs dh tk,xhA laxhr dks fo’k; ds :i esa le>k tkus yxk gS ftlls mldh f”k{kk
Hkh mlh ds vuq:i gksus yxh gSA tcfd laxhr dks dyk ds :i esa gh le>us dh vko”;drk gSA
orZeku esa laxhr gsrq f”k{kk ds fofHkUu ek/;eksa dk v/;;u dj muds xq.k nks’k ij bl fucU/k ds
ek/;e ls fopkj fd;k tk,xkA
3-4-2 fo’k;oLrq & Hkwfedk ds i”pkr fucU/k ds fo’k; dh fo’k; oLrq izLrqr dh tkrh gS ftlesa
fo’k; ls lEcfU/kr lHkh lUnHkksZa dks izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA fdlh fo’k; ij fo’k;oLrq fdl izdkj
fy[kh tkrh gS bldk Kku laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij mnkgj.k Lo:i izLrqr fo’k;oLrq ls tku ldsaxsA
laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; dh fo’k;oLrq & igys laxhr dh f”k{kk xq:eq[k ls gh izkIr dh tkrh FkhA ijUrq
ckn esa laxhr f”k{kk ds u, Lo:i Hkh LFkkfir gq,A laxhr f”k{kk Lo:i fuEu izdkj gS%&
1- xq:eq[k }kjk laxhr f”k{kkA
2- laxhr laLFkkvksa }kjk laxhr f”k{kkA
3- fo|ky;ksa ,o fo”ofo|ky;ksa }kjk laxhr f”k{kkA
3-4-2-1 xq:eq[k }kjk laxhr f”k{kk & laxhr dh f”k{kk f”k’; }kjk xq: ds ikl jgdj gh izkIr dh
tkrh FkhA bl f”k{kk i)fr esa f”k’; dks vuq”kkflr gksdj f”k{kk izkIr djuh gksrh FkhA xq: }kjk
f”k’; dh yxu] /kS;Z vkfn dks ij[kdj f”k’; dks Lohdkj fd;k tkrk FkkA xq: }kjk f”k’; dks
Lohdkj djus ds i”pkr f”k’;Ro dh vkSipkfjd ?kks’k.kk ^xaMk jLe* vnk;xh ds lkFk gksrh FkhA
blesa xq: vkSj f”k’; ,d nwljs dks */kkxk^ ck¡/kdj izfrc)rk dk ladYi ysrs FksA bl izdkj dh
f”k{kk esa dksbZ fuf”pr ikB~;Øe ugha gksrk Fkk vkSj u gh laxhr f”k{kk dh le;kof/k fuf”pr gksrh
FkhA xq: }kjk f”k’; dh {kerk ds vk/kkj ij gh f”k{kk nh tkrh FkhA ,d gh xq: ds dbZ f”k’; gksrs
FksA ijUrq ;g vko”;d ugha Fkk fd lcdks ,d gh f”k{kk nh tk,A nh gqbZ laxhr f”k{kk dk vH;kl
Hkh xq: ds funsZ”ku esa gh gksrk FkkA laxhr f”k{kk ds vfrfjDr laxhr lquus dk ekxZ funsZ”ku dk
mn~ns”; ;g Fkk fd f”k’; viuk foosd ,oa /kS;Z u [kks cSBsA bl izdkj dh f”k{kk esa /kS;Z dk cgqr
egRo Fkk vkSj yxu ls xq: }kjk fn, x, vH;kl ds fu;eksa ls dfBu vH;kl djus dh
vko”;drk gksrh FkhA xq: tc rd f”k’; dks dk;ZØe izLrqr djus ds vuqdwy ugha le>rk Fkk rc
rd f”k’;ksa dks dk;ZØe izLrqr djus dh vuqefr ugha gksrh FkhA cfYd f”k’; dks dk;ZØe ds ;ksX;
le>us ds i”pkr f”k’; dks laxhrdkjksa ds e/; izLrqr fd;k tkrk Fkk ftlls og lHkh laxhrKksa
dk vk”khokZn izkIr djsaA bl izdkj dh laxhr f”k{kk esa f”k’;] xq: ds lkfu/; esa laxhr ds xw<+
jgL;ksa dks tkurk FkkA laxhr esa ?kjkus LFkkfir gq, ,oa ?kjkuksa dh f”k{kk bl laxhr f”k{kk i)fr esa
gh lEHko FkhA f”k’; vius xq: ds ?kjkus ls lEcfU/kr gks tkrk Fkk vkSj ml ?kjkus dk izfrfuf/kRo
izkIr djus esa viuk xkSjo le>rk FkkA
3-4-2-2 laxhr laLFkkuksa }kjk laxhr f”k{kk & vk/kqfud le; esa laxhr laLFkkuksa dk egRo c<+ x;k
gSA iafMr fo’.kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms ,oa fo’.kqfnXcj iyqLdj us laxhr f”k{kk dk izpkj bl izdkj fd;k
ftlls laxhr fØ;kRed :i esa fodflr gksus yxkA xq:eq[k f”k{kk i)fr esa cgqr de yksx gh
f”k{kk izkIr dj ikrs FksA vr% nks laxhr euhf’k;ksa us laxhr ds vf/kd izpkj ,oa izlkj gsrq laxhr
laLFkkuksa dh dYiuk dj iafMr fo’.kq ukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms }kjk y[kuÅ esa *eSfjl dkyst vkQ
E;wftd^ ,oa fo’.kqfnxEcj iyqLdj }kjk iwuk esa *xU/koZ eaMy^ dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ ftlds vUrxZr
ns”k ds dbZ “kgjksa esa *xU/koZ laxhr egkfo|ky;^ ds uke ls laxhr f”k{k.k laLFkku [kksys x,A ;g
laxhr f”k{k.k dh vkSipkfjd O;oLFkk dk vkjEHk FkkA bu laLFkkuksa esa izR;sd o’kZ ds fy, ikB~;Øe
fuf”pr fd, x, rFkk o’kZ ds vUr esa ijh{kk dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh xbZA bu laLFkkuksa esa laxhr ds
xq.khtu] xq: vFkok mLrknksa dks laxhr f”k{kk gsrq vkeaf=r fd;k x;k vkSj buds fy, fdlh izdkj
ds vkSipkfjd izek.k&i=ksa dh ck/;rk ugha j[kh xbZ A
3-4-2-3 fo|ky;ksa ,oa fo”ofo|ky;ksa }kjk laxhr f”k{kk & Lora=rk izkfIr ds i”pkr fo|ky;ksa ,oa
fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa laxhr fo’k; vU; fo’k;ksa dh Hkk¡fr laxhr fo’k; ikB~;Øe esa “kkfey fd;k x;kA
fo|ky; ,oa fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa laxhr fo’k; dk ikB~;Øe rS;kj dj le;&lkfj.kh esa oknu
¼ihfj;M½ f”k{k.k ds fy, fuf”pr fd;k x;kA buesa f”k{k.k ikB~;Øe ds vuqlkj gh fn;k tkrk gS
vkSj v/;kid }kjk lc fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks leku :i ls gh v/;kiu djk;k tkrk gSA Lukrd Lrj rd
,d oknu izk;% 45 feuV dk gksrk gS tks fd laxhr dh O;ogkfjdrk ds vuqdwy ugha gS D;ksafd 45
feuV ds vUnj gh ok|ksa dks Loj esa djuk lEHko ugha gks ikrk gSA vr% ns[kk tk jgk gS fd
tSlk fd vkidks crk;k tk pqdk gS fd izR;sd fo’k; ds fucU/k dk vkjEHk Hkwfedk ls fd;k
tkrk gS vkSj fucU/k dk lekiu milagkj ls fd;k tkrk gSA mijksDr fo’k;ksa dh fo’k;oLrq uhps nh
tk jgh gS ftlds vk/kkj ij vki bu fo’k;ksa ij fucU/k fy[k ldsaxsA
1- fQYeksa esa laxhr
fo’k;oLrq
fQYe esa laxhr dk iz;ksx
ik”oZ xk;u
fQYe esa ok|ksa dk iz;ksx
xk;u ds lkFk ok|ksa dk iz;ksx
ik”oZ laxhr esa ok|ksa dk iz;ksx
fQYeksa esa laxhr dk LFkku ,oa mi;ksfxrk
8- laxhr xks’Bh
fo’k;oLrq
laxhr xks’Bh dk ifjp;
laxhr xks’Bh esa dykdkj dh Hkwfedk
fofHkUu izdkj dh laxhr xks’Bh
laxhr xks’Bh ds Jksrk
mijksDr dqN fo’k; vkids fucU/k ys[ku ds vH;kl ds fy, fn, x, gSaA bu lHkh fo’k;ksa
ij vki fucU/k fy[kus dk vH;kl Åij v/;;u djkbZ fof/k ds vuqlkj djsaxsA lHkh fo’k;ksa ij
fucU/k ds vo;o dk Øe Hkwfedk] fo’k;oLrq ,oa milagkj jgsxkA milagkj ,oa Hkwfedk ds izHkko”kkyh
gksus ls vkidk fucU/k mPpLrj dk gksrk gS ;|fi fo’k; oLrq Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA milagkj esa fo’k;
79 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; f}rh; [k.M+] bdkbZ 3
ch0,0,e0oh0&301
oLrq esa dh xbZ ppkZvksa vFkok fooj.kksa ls izdV rF;ksa dks ifj.kke Lo:i esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
vki dks bu lcdk Kku laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij mnkgj.k Lo:i fucU/k ds ek/;e ls fn;k x;k gSA
vr% mlh vk/kkj ij vki mijksDr fo’k;ksa ij fucU/k ys[ku dk vH;kl djsaA
3-5 lkjka”k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki fucU/k ys[ku dh 'kSyh ls ifjfpr gks pqds gksaxsA
laxhr fo’k;ksa ij fucU/k ys[ku dh “kSyh ,oa fo|k ls vkidks bl bdkbZ ds ek/;e ls ifjfpr
djk;k x;kA fucU/k ys[ku ls vki vius fopkjksa dks ys[ku ds ek/;e ls izdV djus dh rduhd
fodflr djrs gSa tks ckn esa vkidks “kks/ki=] ys[k ,oa “kks/k dk;Z esa lgk;d fl) gksxhA mnkgj.k
Lo:i fn, x, laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij fucU/k ls vki laxhr fo’k;ksa ij fucU/k ys[ku ds fo’k; tku
x, gaS ,oa laxhr fo’k; ij fy[kus esa l{ke gksaxsA laxhr ds xgu v/;;u ,oa laxhr ds lUnHkksZa ds
v/;;u ls vki laxhr fo’k;ksa ij fucU/k fy[kus esa l{ke gks x, gksaxsA
bdkbZ 1 & ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa esa [;ky¼foyfEcr o e/;y;] rkuksa lfgr½ cfUn”kksa dks fyfic) djuk
1-1 izLrkouk
1-2 mn~ns”;
1-3 ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa esa [;ky
1-3-1 jkx fe;ka eYgkj
1-3-2 jkx ekydkSal
1-3-3 jkx eqYrkuh
1-3-4 jkx rksMh
1-3-5 jkx njckjh
1-3-6 jkx clUr
1-3-7 jkx ijt
1-3-8 jkx “akdjk
1-4 lkjka”k
1-5 lanHkZ xzUFk lwph
1-6 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh
1-7 fucU/kkRed iz”u
1-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0oh0&301½ ds r`rh; [k.M dh izFke bdkbZ
gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa esa vki ikB~;dze ds jkxksa ls ifjfpr gks pqds gSaA vki laxhrKksa ds
thou rFkk laxhr esa muds ;ksxnku ls Hkh ifjfpr gks pqds gksaxsA
bl bdkbZ esas ikB~;Øe ds jkxks esa [;ky dh jpukvksa ¼foyfEcr o e/;y;½ dks fyfic) dj
crk;k x;k gSA blesa jkxksa esa fofHkUu rkuksa dks Hkh fyfic) fd;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ls vki ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa esa jpukvksa dks Hkyh&Hkk¡fr le> ldsaxs
rFkk mUgsa izLrqr dj ldsaxsA vki Lo;a rku cuk Hkh ldsaxs o fyfic) Hkh dj ldsaxsA
1-2 mn~ns”;
izLrqr bdkbZ ds v/;;u ls vki %&
• tku ldsaxs fd jkxksa dh [;ky jpukvksa dks dSls fyfic) fd;k tkrk gSA
• tku ldsaxs fd fdlh jkx esa rkuksa dks fdl izdkj fyfic) fd;k tkrk gSA
• Lo;a jkx esa rkuksa dks cuk ldsaxs o fyfic) Hkh dj ldsaxsA
vUrjk
js
ejs ii fu+ /k fu+ /k fu Lkka fu lka fu i e i i i e fu
,d ?ku x·j· ts nw ·· ts · i o Uk p··
3 4 × 0 2 0
x e js lk fu+ /k+ fu+ lk js js lk fu+ lk
Yk r gS · rh · ts · u u nh ··
3 4 × 0 2 0
lk i e lk
lka & fu i e & i e i fu x e js lk] fu lk js
eks · gs · ns · · r·· xk · · jh] · · ·
3 4 × 0 2 0
js e e
ii x e js lk js &
cWaw · n · u· Hkh
3 4 ×
Rkkusa
1- fulkeejslkfulk jsixejslkfulk jsiefueixe jslkfulkjiei fu/kfuieixe jslkfulkjsiei
fu/kfulkajslkafulka fuieixejslk
2- eejseejsee jslkfulkfufuifu fufuifufuiei xejslkjsajsalkajsa jsalkafulkafuiei xejslkfulkejs
i&eifu/kfelka fuieixejslk
3- jsjslkjsjslkfulk jsieixejslk fufuifufuiei fuieiejsi& jsajsalkajsajaslkfulka fuieifu/kfulka
xaeajsalkfulkjsalk fuieixejslk
LFkkbZ
fu+ i i+
lk lk js & lk lk fu+ i+ e+ i+ fu+/k+ fu+/k+ fu+ lk & lk
fc tq jh · Pk e ds · Ck j ls· ·· · · · es
0 3 × 2
Ek ee
js ixx Ek ¼e½ e js Lkk lk fu+ fu+ fu+ lk lk &
g j ok · · · · · vk bZ · c n fj ;k ·
0 3 × 2
83 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; r`rh; [k.M+] bdkbZ 1
ch0,0,e0oh0&301
Lkk e js i Ik i fue i x xe js lk js & lk &
x jtx j t eksM gs v fr· fg M jk · os ·
0 3 × 2
vUrjk
js
e js i ei fu/k fu/k fu fu Lkka lka lka & fu lka lka &
/k u x j· ts· ·· ?k u fc tq jh · Pk e ds ·
0 3 × 2
fu
fu/k fu/k fu /k fu lka lka & lka js lka lka Lkka /k fu i
i· ih· gk · fi ;q dh · Vs · j lq Ukk · · os
0 3 × 2
Ek e js i i & fu/k fu/k fu lka lka & Lkka jsa lka &
d gk · d : · fd· r· Tkk · ÅWa · Ekks · jk ·
× 2 0 3
Xk x x e js js lk &
ft ; jk · Rk j ls ·
× 2
vkyki & LFkkbZ
1- fc tq jh · Pk e ds · Lkk & & & fu+ /k+ fu lk
2- fc tq jh · Pk e ds · js & & i Xk e js lk
3- fu & lk & js & i & Ek i x e js js lk &
4- Ek i fu /k fu & i & Ek i x e js & lk &
5- fu /k fu i Ek i x e fu i e i fu /k fu lka
0 3 × 2
vkyki & vUrjk
1- /k u x j· ts· ·· ?k u fu i e i fu /k fu lka
2- Lkka & & & fu & i & Ek i fu /k fu fu lka &
3- jsa ea jsa lka fu lka jsa lka fu i e i Eki fu/k fufu lka&
16 ek=k dh rku
js js Lkk js js lk fu lk fu fu i fu fu i ei js js lka js js lka
fu lka fu i ei xe js lk
LFkkbZ
Lkka /k Ek x lk Ek xx Ek /k fu lka Lkka fu /ki x lk
Lk [kh jh vt gWaw ugha vk ;sa Ekks js LkS ··· ;k·
3 4 × 0 2 0
vUrjk
Xk e /k fu Lkka lka /k fu Lkka & fu fu Lkka xa Lkka fu /k fu /k
ck· Vr dr eks · jh · Fk d Xk bZ v · f[k · ;ka
3 4 × 0 2 0
/k fu lkaea xa lka lka /k fu /k e Xk e Xk lk
fxu fxu Rkk js fo Rkk ÅWa Lkk jh j fr ;kWa ·
3 4 × 0 2 0
vkyki & LFkkbZ
1- l [kh jh vt gWaw lk fu+ /k fu lk fu+ x+ lk
2- Lk [kh jh vt Xk e Xk lk fu /k+ fu+ lk
3- Lk [kh jh vt Xk e /k e Xk e Xk lk
4- Lk [kh jh vt Ek /k fu /k Ek xe/k Xke xlk
5- Lk [kh jh vt e/k fu/k Ek x Xke /kfu Lkka &
3 4 × 0 2 0
vkyki & vUrjk
1- ck· VRk dr eks· jh ¼lka½ /k fu /k e Xke/kfu lka
2- ck· VRk dr eks· Lkka fu Xka lka fu/k e/k fu lka
3- ck· VRk dr eks· fu xa Lkka & xa ea xa lk
3 4 × 0 2 0
Rkkusa
1- fulkxlkfulkxe xlkfulkxe/ke xexlkfelkxe /kfe/kexexlk fulkxe/kfelkafe
/kuh/kexexik fulkxe/kfulkaxa lkafu/kexexik
2- euxexlkfulk /k/ke/kexxe xlkfufu/kuh/ke euxlklkafe/kfu /kexexlkxaxa
lkaxalkafulkafu/kfj /kelkalkalkafufufu /kfu/kexexlk
LFkkbZ
×Þ ×Þ ×Þ lk i
i i x i x js lk lk fu+ lk ×Þ x ×Þ i ×Þ x
: .k d >q .k d eks fj ik · ; y ck · ts ·
0 3 × 2
×Þ i x
x ×Þ i fu lka fu /k i ×Þ ×Þ i /k ¼i½ & ×Þ x
fc Nq ok · Nq e Nq e N u u u lk · ts ·
0 3 × 2
vUrjk
i ×Þ i lka
×Þ & i /k i x ×Þ i fu & lka fu lka & lka &
ls · t p <+ r eks fj >k¡ · > u gk · ys ·
0 3 × 2
lka lka i x
fu & lka xa jsa jsa lka & ×Þ i lka fu ¼i½ & ×Þ x
lk · l u u n dh · yk · · · ts · · ·
0 3 × 2
Øfed iqLrd ekfydk & Hkkx&4] ist u0&752&753] ys[kd& fo’.kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms
vUrjk
/k
×Þ /k fu lka Lkka & fu lka lka jsa & Lkka fu lka jsa xa
Ek gq Ek n “kk · ·· lq Tkk · Uk v ···
jsa lka fu lka jsa lk fu /k ×Þ i ×Þi/kfu /k & ×Þi/k ×Þ x
Ck· d··· gha · Hkk · ···· x · g·· Ekk ·
js js & lk fu+ lk js x ×Þ /k fu lka
js tk · xs ys · · gksa · c Yk ·
jsa fu & /k /k fu Lkka jsa jsa & lka fu fu
· ;k · · lq j Tk u lSa · ;ka fdj
3 4 × 0 2 0
vkyki & LFkkbZ
1- Ikk · · ·d Lkk js Xk js x js lk fdj
2- Ikk · · ·d Lkkjs x×Þ js x jsx×Þx jsx jslk fdj
3- Ikk · · ·d x js Lkk /kfu lk jsx jslk fdj
4- Ikk · · ·d ×Þ i /k i i×Þxjs x jslk fdj
5- Ikk · · ·d i×Þ /ki fu/k i ×Þ/k fu& Lkka& fdj
3 4 × 0 2 0
vkyki & vUrjk
1- e gq e n Lkka jsa xa jsa xa jsa jsa lk
2- e gq e n Lkka js xa ×Þ xa jsa xa jsalk
3- e gq e n ×Þ /k i ×Þ/k fu fu Lkka &
3 4 × 0 2 0
LFkkbZ
& js lk lk Ik & i i ×Þ & i /k ×Þ x & js
· ya x j dka · d fj ;k · ft u ek · · jks
3 × 2 0
Xk js lk lk /k & i i ×Þi /k /k fu ×Þ x & js
· ya x j dka · d fj ;k · · ft u Ekk · · jks
3 × 2 0
Xk js & lk fu js x & ×Þ & i /k ×Þ & x js
· eks · js va x ok · · · yx Tkk · · ·
3 × 2 0
x js lk lk
;s ya x j
3
varjk
Ik i x & ×Þ & /k /k fu & lka fu Lkka lka lka &
lq u ik · os · eks fj Lkk · l u u fj ;k ·
js
Lka jsa xa jsa fu & fu lka jsa fu /k fu /k & i x ×Þ
nkS · · fj nkS · fj /k j vk · · os · ya x j
× 2 0 3
/k & /k fu ×Þ & i /k ×Þ x & js Xk js lk lk
dka · d fj ;k · ft u Ekk · · jks · ya x j
× 2 0 3
vkyki & LFkkbZ
1- Lkk & & & js & x & js & x & js & lk &
2- Lkk js x ×Þ js & x & js x ×Þ x js x js lk
3- ×Þ & /k i ×Þ & x & /k i ×Þ x js x js lk
4- ×Þ /k fu & /k /k i & fu fu /k i ×Þx jsx jsjs lk&
5- Lkkjs xjs x ×Þ Ik & /k i & fu fu /k i fu fu lka &
3 × 2 0
vkyki & vUrjk
1- lka & & jsa xa & & & jsa & xa & jsa & lka &
2- Ik ×Þ /k i fu fu /k i ×Þ /k fu lka jsa xa jsa lk
3- lka fu /k i ×Þ /k i & ×Þ /k fu /k fu fu lka &
3 × 2 0
92 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; r`rh; [k.M+] bdkbZ 1
ch0,0,e0oh0&301
rkusa & LFkkbZ
1- Lkkjs Xkjs Lkk& Lkkjs x×Þ Xkjs xjs Lkk&
2- Lkk js Xk ×Þ Ik /k Ik & ×Þ i ×Þ x js x js lk
3- ×Þ /k Ik & ×Þ /k fu /k Ik & ×Þ x js x js lk
4- Ik /k Ik /k ×Þ i ×Þ i ×Þ x js x js js Lkk &
5- ×Þ /k Ukh lka jsa x jsa lka fu /k Ik ×Þ Xk js Lkk &
6- Lkka fu /k i ×Þ i ×Þ x js x ×Þ x js x js lk
rku 16 ek=k dh
Lkk js Xk js x ×Þ x ×Þ i ×Þ x ×Þ i /k fu /k Ik ×Þ x ×Þ
i /k fu lka fu /k i ×Þ x js lk &
LFkkbZ
&js
·eq
fu fu
Lkk js js lk fu+ Lkk js js Xk x Ek js e i] e Ik & /k /k
Ckk ···· · jd Ckk · · ···] fn ;k¡ · · ·
3 4 × 0 2 0
i fu
fu i Ek i fu x x & js lk js & Xk lk
· · · ·· “kk · · · fn · ;k¡ · · ·
3 4 × 0 2 0
js js lk fu+ lk & /ka fu Lkk fu lk Lkk ]lk jslkfu+lk jsjs · ·
···· · · rks gs nh ·· uh ·v Ykk ··· fgj
3 4 × 0 2 0
Xk x fufuiei js lk jsjslkfu+ Lkkjsjs
l· y·Hkq·· Ckk · ···· ·]jd
0 3 4
rkusa
1- ck ···· A · jsjslkfulkjsx& eifufui&ei /kfulka&jsajsalkajsa fulka/k/kfuiei /kfulka&xaeajal
s k
jsajsalkafulkalka/k/k fufuiieixe jslk/kfujsjsalk&
2- lkjsxejslkfulk fulk/kfujsjslk& eu;eeiei ei/k/kfuiei /kfulka/kfulka/kfu
lkajsafulk/kfujslka lkajsxaejsalkfulka fuieixejslk
LFkkbZ
e e
lk lk ?k j
js js lk fu+ & lk js js i i x & & & & &
tk us ns Nk¡ · M+ eks fj cS · ;k¡ · · · · ·
2 0 3 ×
lk fu
js js & lk lk lk lk lk fu+ lk js & /k+ fu++ i &
gk¡ gk¡ · d j r rks js iS ;k¡ · i j r gS ·
2 0 3 ×
94 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; r`rh; [k.M+] bdkbZ 1
ch0,0,e0oh0&301
e & e e i & i i e & i fu x & e e
eks · g u ls · > x jS · · · ;k · ?k j
2 0 3 ×
vUrjk
e e i i fu i fu & lka lka lka lka fu lka lka &
u x j c x j ds · yks x ok lq u r gSa ·
2 0 3 ×
fu lka & lkafu jsa jsa lka lka fu & lka jsa /k & fu i
p pkZ · d· j r cz t uk · · fj ;k¡ · · ·
2 0 3 ×
e e e i i i fu i e i lka /k & fu i &
tk vks ft tk vks ft rq e [kk vks xs xk · fy ;k¡ ·
2 0 3 ×
lka & lka lka fu & i i e & i fu x & e x
eks · g u ls · > x jS · · · ;k¡ · ?k j
2 0 3 ×
LFkkbZ
eÞ/k
v·
/k eÞ x
jsa Lkafu Lka fu]/ki ¼i½ & & i eÞx eÞ x x
js ·· · eu]u· xks · · foa n· dks · Hk
3 4 × 0 2 0
/k fu+
eÞ eÞfu eÞ x eÞ x & js lk lk js lk
t u· d j l nk · · · nw tks uk
3 4 × 0 2 0
lka /k
x e fu & /k fu jsa xa fu jsa lka eÞ/k
dks bZ uk · · · · · · · Fk v·
3 4 × 0 2 0
vUrjk
/k
eÞ /k lka & lka & lka lka lka jsa lka lka
l c la · lk · j v fu r fN u
3 4 × 0 2 0
fu
lka fu jsa lka lka fu/k fu fu/k /k fu jsa eaÞ
Hka · xq j g j· ja x· xks · foa n
3 4 × 0 2 0
x /k
xa jsa lka lka lka & fu /k i ¼i½ eÞx &eÞ/k
ds · fc u nw · tks u rk · r· ·]v·
3 4 × 0 2 0
Rkkusa
1 lxeÞxjslklkx eÞ/keÞxeÞxjslk lkxeÞ/kfu/keÞx eÞxjslklkxeÞi
0 2
jslkfu/ki&ei eÞxjslklklkxx eÞeÞ/k/kjsajsalkalka fu/keÞxeÞxjslk
0 3
LFkkbZ
/k
eÞ /k
eÞ x Q x
lka fu /k i i & eÞ x eÞ /k lka lka jsa lka & eÞ/k
ok · cz t ns · [k u dks · p yks jh · · Qx
0 3 × 2
/k eÞ x eÞ x
lka fu /k i i & eÞ x x eÞ /k eÞ & x js lk
os · esa fe ysa · xs · dq¡ o j dk · Ug t gk¡
0 3 × 2
/k
fu+ lk x x eÞ /k lka & ¼lka½ & fu /k fu /k eÞ /k
ok · V p y r cks · ys · d x ok · Q x
0 3 × 2
LFkkbZ
eÞ/k uhlkauh/k eÞ/k eÞi /ki eÞi xex
i xe x jslk Uk+h lk x i Lkk
js
Hk· l··· e j· ek ;s· fr y d ·· · y· xk· ·· ···· ;s
3 x 2 0
eÞ/k eÞ/k lka uhl eÞi eÞi xex
lk x uh uh uh/k uh /k i Lkk
jsa ka js
tks
fQ j r· · fx ;k· ·· Hks· · l /k· jk ·· ···· ;s
·
3 x 2 0
varjk
/keÞ eÞ/keÞ/k jsal
uh uhjsa lka lkauh uhjsa lka uhuh jsaxa xa jsalka uhjsa xa uhlka
ka
lka
···· p Hk· Xk fr· fc· u lc gh· t ·· ·· · r· u·
·
0 3 x 2
lka lkau uh/ eÞi eÞ/k eÞ/k xei
lkajsa uhjsa uh /ki uh /ki xe x jslk
jsa h k i
lq· ·· Hk· ja· ·· · x· ·· fcj Fkk· tk ·· ···· ·· · ;s·
0 3 x 2
LFkkbZ
i
lka ¼lka½ fu]/ki fulka fu & i ix i xi x lk
dh uks js]· · dj rk · · j· e gk· c fy
3 4 × 0 2 0
fu+ i
lka i+i+ lk xx i xi x lk lk x i &
vks jax ts ·c Hk ·· ;ks · rks · is ·
3 4 × 0 2 0
vUrjk
i & lka lka lka & lka lka lka lka fu i & i lka &
lks · g fu lw · j r ja x Hk fj ew ·· j r
0 3 × 2
lka lka
lk lk x & i & fu fu jsa jsa lka fu i & lka &
eq [k lwa · ch · u c tk · · · ;ks ·] lka ·
0 3 × 2
vH;kl iz”u
d- y?kq mRrjh; iz”u%&
1- jkx njckjh esa ,d foyfEcr [;ky dks rkuksa lfgr fyfic) dhft,A
2- jkx “kadjk esa ,d e/;y; [;ky] rkuksa lfgr fyfic) dhft,A
3- jkx fe;ka eYgkj esa ,d foyfEcr [;ky fyfic) dhft,A
1-4 lkjka”k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds ckn vki [;ky cafn”kksa dh Lojfyfi dks i<+asxs ,oa mudk
fØ;kRed :i ls xk;u djus esa l{ke gksaxsA [;ky xk;u ds vUrxZr vkus okys cM+s [;ky o NksVs
[;ky dh jpuk,¡ vkids ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa esa nh xbZ gSaA bu jkxksa dk rkuksa ds }kjk foLrkj Hkh
fd;k x;k gS ftlls vki jkx esa vU; rkuksa dks Lo;a cukus esa Hkh l{ke gksaxs ,oa vki vius
ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa dk [;ky xk;u “kSyh esa xk;u izLrqr djus esa l{ke cusaxsA bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u
ds i”pkr~ vki jkx dh vU; jpukvksa dh Lojfyfi dks Hkh le> dj xk ldus esa l{ke gksaxsA
bdkbZ 2 & ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa /kzqin ,oa /kekj¼nqxqu] frxqu o pkSxqu y;dkjh lfgr½ fyfic)
djuk
2-1 izLrkouk
2-2 mn~ns“;
2-3 ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa /kzqin ,oa /kekj
2-3-1 jkx rksMh
2-3-2 jkx fe;ka eYgkj
2-3-3 jkx njckjh dkUgMk
2-3-4 jkx eqYrkuh
2-3-5 jkx clUr
2-3-6 jkx ijt
2-3-7 “kadjk
2-3-8 jkx ekydkSal
2-4 lkjka'k
2-5 lanHkZ xzaFk lwph
2-6 fucU/kkRed iz'u
2-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0oh0&301½ ds r`rh; [k.M dh nwljh bdkbZ
gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds ckn vki fo}ku laxhrKksa ds egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku rFkk
mudh laxhr lk/kuk ds izfr yxu ,oa ifjJe ds fo’k; esa tku pqds gksaxsA vki ikB~;dze ds jkxksa
esa [;ky dh cfUn'ksa o mudks fyfic) djuk Hkh lh[k x, gksaxsA
izLrqr bdkbZ esa fofHkUUk jkxksa esa /kzqin ,oa /kekj fyfic) fd, x, gaSA ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa
/kzqin ,oa /kekj dh nqxqu] frxqu o pkSxqu Hkh fyfic) dj crkbZ xbZ gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki jkxksa esa /kqzin o /kekj dh jpukvksa dks tku ldsaxsA
vki jkxksa dh jpukvksa dks fofHkUu y;dkjh;ksa tSls nqxqu] frxqu o pkSxqu esa fyfic) djuk Hkh tku
ldsaxsA
2-2 mn~ns';
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr~ vki %&
• jkxksa esa /kqzin o /kekj dh jpukvksa dks tku ldsaxsA
• /kqzin o /kekj dh jpukvksa dks fofHkUu y;dkjh;ksa esa fyfic) djuk tku ldsaxsA
• jkxc) jpukvksa dks lqudj vki Lo;a mUgsa fyfic) dj ldsaxs rFkk y;dkfj;ksa dks izLrqr dj
ldsaxsA
vUrjk
i x & e' & /k fu lka fu lka & lka
u j · : · M ek · y da · B
× 0 2 0 3 4
lka /k & fu lka jsa xa jsa lka fu Lk& fu/k
vkS j · os · ‘k fo jk · t ·· r·
× 0 2 0 3 4
e' /k fulka& fu/k fu /k i & e'/k fu& /k i
Hk · Le· va· · x ls · r· o· l u
× 0 2 0 3 4
e'& e'x js x js lk /k& e'x js x js lk
ls· ·· r lks · gs g· j· g j f”k o
× 0 2 0 3 4
/kekj &LFkkbZ
lk
yk
/k /k fu /k /k i i eÞ & & i & /k &
· y · e · /k · ek · · · · · ·
0 3 × 2
eÞ & & x & & & js x & js & lk &
rs · · · · · · c u · c · u ·
0 3 × 2
fu lk js fu & /k & js & & lk & lk lk
[ks · · ys · · · Qk · · x · ·] yk
0 3 × 2
vUrjk
eÞ /k & fu & lka & & & & fu lka & &
l c · l · [kh · ; u · eh · ys ·
× 2 0 3
108 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; r`rh; [k.M+] bdkbZ 2
ch0,0,e0oh0&301
/k fu lka jsa xa jsa lka fu lka jsa fu & /k &
e · · · · x yk xk · · oks · · ·
× 2 0 3
/k & fu /k & & i & x & eÞ & /k &
v i · uh · · v i uh · [ks · ys ·
× 2 0 3
eÞ x & js & lk lk /k /k fu /k & i &
Qk · · · · x ]yk · y · e · /k ·
× 2 0 3
vUrjk
e
i & i fu/k fu/k fu lka lka lka lka & lka
bZ · nz x· j· t x x u Nk · ;ks
× 0 2 0 3 4
/k /k
fu/k fu/k fu/k fu lka lka jsa fu lka fu fu i
g· jh· ·· Hkq o u fc gk u vk · ;ks
× 0 2 0 3 4
e e e e e
i x x e fu i i x e js & lk
i lw · ia · fN lq [k · ik · ;ks
× 0 2 0 3 4
LFkkbZ
lk lk e e
lk lk lk js js js x x & x & x
[k j t fj [k c xa · · /kk · j
× 0 2 0 3 4
fu fu fu fu
e & e e i & i i /k /k /k /k
e · /; e ia · p e /kS · o r
× 0 2 0 3 4
/k fu fu fu fu /k /k
fu fu & fu lka /k /k /k fu fu i &
fu [kk · n ; g · l Ir lq j ·
× 0 2 0 3 4
/kekj
LFkkbZ & clar _`rq [ksyas /kekj] Mkjks vchj lc fey ds ukjhA
vUrjk & fenZax >k¡> MQ fdUujh ctkorA iju ijr gS ,d rky]
LFkkbZ
lka
fu lka
xk ·
jsa & lka fu lka & lka lka & fu jsa fu /k i
oks · · · · · c la · · · r _`` rq
× 2 0 3
/k
eÞ /k fu eÞ x & eÞ x & js lk & lk lk
[ks · · ys · · /k ek · · j · Mk jks
× 2 0 3
lka
x x & eÞ & /k & fu lka & jsa jsa lka &
v cg · j · · · l c · fe y ds ·
× 2 0 3
LFkkbZ
i
lka & fu fu i i x i lka fu & i
vk · fn uk · n cz · ge uk · n
× 0 2 0 3 4
i x & x & i i x i x & lka
lq j · dks · fg m n ; gks · r
× 0 2 0 3 4
fu /k lka
lka & & x & x x i i fu lka lka
os · · gh · fo Lrk · j tk · us
× 0 2 0 3 4
137 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; r`rh; [k.M+] bdkbZ 2
ch0,0,e0oh0&301
lka fu i i x x i x i x lk &
l c xq fu ; u tk · · · us ·
× 0 2 0 3 4
vUrjk
eÞ
i & & lka & lka lka & jsa lka & lka
fo · · |k · gS cz · á ch · t
× 0 2 0 3 4
lak & xa xa xa ia ia xa ia xa lka lka
vkS · j l c · gh · v fo · |k
× 0 2 0 3 4
fu
lka xa lka & fu i x i lka fu i i
m l dk · j u cz · á ja · /kz
× 0 2 0 3 4
fu
lka fu i i x & i x i x lk &
lq j · fe uk · · · · · os ·
× 0 2 0 3 4
vUrjk
x x e fu /k /k fu lka lka lka lka &
o` [k · os · fy >w · fe j gs ·
x 0 2 0 3 4
lka fu
fu & lka xa lka & lka /k fu /k e x
eks · n Hk js · eq l · dk · r
x 0 2 0 3 4
xa lka /k fu /k e x x e x lk lk
e n Hkk · rks · Hk o j xqa t r
x 0 2 0 3 4
2-4 lkjka'k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki ikB~;dze ds fofHkUUk jkxksa esa /kzqin ,oa /kekj dh
jpukvksa dks tku pqds gksaxsA vki fofHkUUk jkxksa esa /kzqin ,oa /kekj dks fyfic) djuk Hkh lh[k pqds
gksaxsA ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa /kzqin ,oa /kekj dh nqxqu] frxqu o pkSxqu Hkh fyfic) dj crk;h xbZ gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki ;g Hkh tku pqds gksaxs fd bu jkxksa esa /kzqin ,oa /kekj dh
fofHkUu y;dkjh;ksa tSls nqxqu] frxqu o pkSxqu dks dSls fyfic) fd;k tkrk gSA vki jkxc)
jpukvksa dks lqudj Lo;a mUgsa fyfic) dj ldsaxs rFkk y;dkfj;ksa dks izLrqr dj ldsaxsA
bdkbZ 3 & ikB~;dze dh rkyksa dk ifjp; ,oa mudks y;dkjh¼nqxqu] frxqu o pkSxqu½ lfgr
fyfic) djukA
3-1 izLrkouk
3-2 mn~ns';
3-3 rkyksa dk ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-3-1 vkMkpkjrky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-3-2 nhipanh rky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-3-3 >wejk rky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-3-4 lwyrky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-3-5 rhojk rky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-4 lkjka'k
3-5 vH;kl iz'uksa ds mRrj
3-6 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh
3-7 fucU/kkRed iz'u
3-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0oh0&301½ ds r`rh; [k.M dh rhljh
bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds ckn vki ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa [;ky] /kzqin o
/kekj dh jpukvksa dks tku pqds gksaxs rFkk mudks fyfic) djuk Hkh lh[k x, gksaxsA
bl bdkbZ esa ikB~;dze dh rkyksa ds Bsdksa ,oa mudks fofHkUUk y;dkjh¼nqxu] frxqu o pkSxqu½
esa fyfic) djus ds fo’k; esa crk;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki ikB~;dze dh rkyksa ds Bsdksa ,oa mudks fofHkUUk
y;dkjh esa fyfic) djus ds fo’k; esa tku ldsaxsA blls vki y;dkjh dks cksyus ,oa ctkus esa Hkh
l{ke gksaxsA
3-2 mn~ns”;
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki %&
• fofHkUu y;dkjh;ksa dks tku ldsaxsA
• rcys dh rky ds Bsdksa dks fofHkUu y;dkjh esa fyfic) dj ik,axsA
• rky o mudh y;dkjh;ksa dks le> dj vki vius xk;u@oknu dks vf/kd izHkko”kkyh
cukus esa l{ke gksaxsA
Lo:i & ek=k & 14] foHkkx & 7] rkyh & 1] 3] 7 o 11 ij] [kkyh & 5] 9 o 13 ij
Bsdk
f/ka frjfdV f/ka uk rw uk d rk frjfdV f/k uk f/k f/k uk f/ka
& 2 0 3 0 4 0 &
y;dkfj;k¡ & le; dh leku xfr dks y; dgrs gSaA nks ek=kvksa dh fdz;k ds e/; gksus okyk
foJkafr dky gh y; gS vkSj tc ;g dky iz;ksx gksus okyh ek=kvksa ds chp leku jgrk gS rks og
fuf”pr y; dk Lo:i ys ysrk gSA vr% y; dk lEcU/k ek=k ,o ek=kvksa ds chp ds le; ls gSA
y; lkekU; :i ls rhu izdkj dh ekuh xbZ gSa& foyfEcr] e/; ,oa nzqr y;A dky ds
yEck gksus ij foyfEcr y; LFkkfir gksrh gSA bl dky ds de gksus ij e/; y; ,oa mlls vf/kd
de gksus ij nzqr y; gks tkrh gSA lkekU; :i ls e/; y; dk foJkafr le; foyfEcr y; ds
foJkafr le; dk vk/kk gkssrk gS ,oa nzqr y; dk foJkafr le; e/; y; ds foJkafr le; dk vk/kk
gksrk gSA laxhr esa ;g ekU;rk LFkkfir gks pqdh gS ,oa izpyu esa gSA foyfEcr y; dks vk/kkj y;
ekuus ls e/; y; dk iz;ksx foyfEcr y; esa nks ckj ,oa nzqr y; dk iz;ksx pkj ckj djus dh
vko”;drk gksxhA vr% e/; y; foyfEcr y; dh nqxquh] nzqr y; e/; y; dh nqxqu gksrh gSA
y; dk ;gh iz;ksx y;dkjh dgykrk gSA ,d ek=k esa ,d ls vf/kd ek=kvksa dk vk/kkj y; ds
lkFk iz;ksx y;dkjh dgykrk gSA
laxhr esa fofHkUu y;dkjh;ka tSls nqxqu] frxqu] pkSxqu] vkM+] dqvkM+] ,oa fcvkM+ iz;ksx dh
tkrh gaSA
nqxqu & ,d ek=k esa nks ek=k 12 12
frxqu & ,d ek=k eas rhu ek=k 123 123
pkSxqu & ,d ek=k esa pkj ek=k 1234 1234
nqxqu] frxqu ,oa pkSxqu dh y;dkjh dks dze”k% nks ckj] rhu ckj ,oa pkj ckj iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
vkMkpkjrky dh nqxqu ,d vkorZu esa & 7 ek=k dh gksxh ,oa vkBoha ek=k ls vkjEHk dj le ij
vk,xhA
vkMkpkjrky dh frxqu ,d vkorZu esa & = ek=k dh gksxh ,oa 9 ek=k ds ckn vkjEHk
gksdj le ij vk,xhA
·f/kafrjfdV f/kukrw ukdrk frjfdVf/kauk f/kaf/kauk f/ka
4 0 &
vkMkpkjrky dh pkSxqu ,d vkorZu esa & = ek=k dh gksxh ,oa 11 ek=k ds ckn vkjEHk
dj le ij vk,xhA
11 12 13 14
··f/kafrjfdV f/kukrwuk drkfrjfdVf/ka ukf/kaf/kauk f/ka
4 0 &
Lo:i & ek=k & 14] foHkkx & 4] rkyh & 1] 4 o 11 ij] [kkyh & 8 ij
Bsdk
/kk f/ka · /kk /kk fra · rk fra · /kk /kk f/ka · /kk
× 2 0 3 ×
y;dkfj;ka %&
/kkf/ka ·/kk /kkfra ·rk fra· /kk/kk f/ka· /kkf/ka ·/kk /kkfra ·rk fra· /kk/kk f/ka· /kk
× 2 0 3 ×
nhipUnh rky dh nqxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
Lo:i & ek=k & 14] foHkkx & 4] rkyh & 1] 4 o 11 ij] [kkyh & 8 ij
Bsdk
f/ka ·/kk frjfdV f/ka f/ka /kkxs frjfdV fra ·rk frjfdV f/ka f/ka /kkxs frjfdV f/ka
× 2 0 3 ×
y;dkfj;ka %&
>wejk rky dh nqxqu %&
Lo:i & ek=k & 10] foHkkx & 5] rkyh & 1] 5 o 7 ij] [kkyh & 3 o 9 ij
Bsdk
/kk /kk fna rk fdV /kk frV drk xnh fxu /kk
× 0 2 3 0 ×
y;dkfj;ka %&
lwyrky dh nqxqu %&
/kk/kk fnark fdV/kk frVdrk xfnxu /kk/kk fnark fdV/kk frVdrk xfnxu /kk
× 0 2 3 0 ×
lwyrky dh nqxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
y;dkfj;ka %&
rhojk rky dh nqxqu %&
vH;kl iz'u
d½ y?kq mRrjh; iz'u %&
1- vkMkpkjrky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp; nhft,A
2- >wejk rky dh nqxqu] frxqu o pkSxqu y;dkjh fyfic) dhft,A
3- nhipanh rky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp; nhft,A
[k½ fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, %&
1- vkMkpkjrky dh -----] ------- o ------ ek=k ij [kkyh gSA
2- pkapj dks ------------------------ rky ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
3- ------------------- rky dk iz;ksx izk;% foyfEcr y; esa gh fd;k tkrk gSA
4- Lkwyrky ------------------ vou) ok| ij ctkbZ tkus okyh rky gSA
5- Rkhojk rky nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dh feJ tkfr ds -------------------- rky ds leku gSA
3-4 lkjka'k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki ikB~;dze dh rkyksa dks Bsdksa ,oa mudks fofHkUUk
y;dkjh¼nqxu] frxqu o pkSxqu½ esa fyfic) djus ds fo’k; esa tku pqds gksaxsA bl bdkbZ ds
v/;;u ls vki y;dkjh dks Hkyh&Hkkafr le> pqds gksaxsA bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr~ vki
rcys dh rky ds Bsdksa dks fofHkUu y;dkjh esa fyfic) dj ldsaxsA rky o mudh y;dkjh;ksa dks
le> dj vki vius xk;u@oknu dks vf/kd izHkko”kkyh cukus esa l{ke gks ldsaxsA