1. What is the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs)?

a) Immune defense
b) Oxygen transport
c) Blood clotting
d) Hormone secretion
2. Which protein in red blood cells is responsible for binding and transporting
oxygen?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Albumin
c) Immunoglobulin
d) Fibrinogen
3. Where are red blood cells produced in the human body?
a) Bone marrow
b) Liver
c) Spleen
d) Kidneys
4. What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell in circulation?
a) 120 days
b) 30 days
c) 365 days
d) 7 days
5. Which organ is primarily responsible for the removal and degradation of old or
damaged red blood cells?
a) Liver
b) Spleen
c) Kidneys
d) Lungs
6. Which type of white blood cell is involved in engulfing and digesting old or
damaged red blood cells?
a) Neutrophils
b) Eosinophils
c) Monocytes
d) Macrophages
7. The breakdown of hemoglobin into heme and globin occurs primarily in which
organ?
a) Liver
b) Spleen
c) Kidneys
d) Bone marrow
8. What pigment is derived from the breakdown of heme during the degradation of
red blood cells?
a) Bilirubin
b) Urobilinogen
c) Urea
d) Creatinine
9. Which of the following is NOT a fate of the components of heme after the
breakdown of red blood cells?
a) Bilirubin is excreted in bile
b) Iron is recycled and reused for new red blood cell production
c) Biliverdin is excreted in urine
d) Heme is converted to bilirubin
10. What happens to the globin portion of hemoglobin during the degradation of red
blood cells?
a) It is broken down into amino acids and recycled
b) It is excreted in bile
c) It is converted into biliverdin
d) It is stored in the liver for future use
11. What is the term for the process by which macrophages break down hemoglobin
into its constituent parts?
a) Hemolysis
b) Hemostasis
c) Hematopoiesis
d) Hemolysis
12. Which of the following is a condition characterized by an excessive breakdown of
red blood cells?
a) Hemophilia
b) Hemochromatosis
c) Hemolysis
d) Hematuria
13. What is the name of the pigment responsible for the yellow color of bruises and
urine?
a) Biliverdin
b) Bilirubin
c) Urobilinogen
d) Hemoglobin
14. In which organ is bilirubin conjugated and excreted into bile?
a) Liver
b) Kidneys
c) Spleen
d) Pancreas
15. What happens to bilirubin after it is excreted into bile?
a) It is reabsorbed into the bloodstream
b) It is converted to urobilinogen in the intestines
c) It is stored in the gallbladder
d) It is converted to biliverdin in the liver
16. What is the term for the process by which bilirubin is converted to urobilinogen in
the intestines?
a) Conjugation
b) Secretion
c) Enterohepatic circulation
d) Oxidation
17. Which of the following is a pigment responsible for the brown color of feces?
a) Bilirubin
b) Urobilinogen
c) Biliverdin
d) Hemoglobin
18. What happens to urobilinogen after it is produced in the intestines?
a) It is reabsorbed into the bloodstream
b) It is excreted in bile
c) It is converted to bilirubin in the liver
d) It is excreted in urine and feces
19. What is the term for the destruction of red blood cells due to the presence of
antibodies directed against them?
a) Hemolysis
b) Hemophilia
c) Hemochromatosis
d) Hematuria
20. Which of the following conditions results from the insufficient production of red
blood cells?
a) Anemia
b) Polycythemia
c) Leukemia
d) Thrombocytopenia