Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Фінальна Версія Слів з Апстріму
Фінальна Версія Слів з Апстріму
o have the foresight: She'd had the foresight to sell her apartment just before the housing
market collapsed.
power of persuasion – сила переконання - the action of persuading someone or of being persuaded:
o It took a lot of persuasion to convince the committee of the advantages of the new plan.
Executive – виконавчий керівник - someone in a high position, especially in business, who makes
decisions and puts them into action:
o senior executive: She is now a senior executive, having worked her way up through the
company.
To block out negative thoughts/ (filter out negative thoughts ) - не звертати уваги
Channel your efforts in the right direction - Спрямовуйте свої зусилля в правильному
напрямку
o channel something into something : If she could only channel all that energy into something
useful.
Sidetrack - to direct a person's attention away from an activity or subject towards another one that is
less important: - відволікти
o Ruth was looking for an envelope in a drawer when she was sidetracked by some old letters.
(distracted - nervous or confused because you are worried about something: - розсіяна через
хвилювання . Tania seems very distracted at the moment - I think she's worried about her brother. )
Target - a level or situation that you intend to achieve: - мета
o The government's target of 3.5 percent annual growth seems easily attainable.
*Goals and aims are abstract ideas. Aim: what you hope to get or what you want to do, but may take
a long period of time.
Target and objectives: the exact result of what you want to get. They are more tangible and concrete
(A goal or an aim may be to lose 5KG by the end of the year. It is not something you can see clearly yet.
An target or objective would be the steps to take to reach the goal or aim. For example, to lose 5KG by
the end of the year, I will exercise for an hour everyday, drink 2L of water everyday, etc..)*
Second nature (until it become the second nature) - доки це не стане вторинним
інстинктом/доки це не стане природною звичкою
Obstacles - something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or
made more difficult: - перекшкоди
o The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the road.
P. 8-9
Attempt - to try to do something, especially something difficult: - спробувати
[ + to infinitive ] He attempted to escape through a window.
good fortune – 1) a real luck – велике везіння, удача 2) big sum of money – статок, багатсво
underachievement – провал/невдача/неуспішність/ безрезультатність/ безплідність/ відставання
glory – ( great admiration, honour, and praise that you earn by doing something successfully:) –
o the author glories in sudden good fortune…
perseverance – наполегливість
From rags to riches – від бідності до багатства/ з Івана в пана (из грязи в князи)
admittedly – загальновизнаний/щоправда
Incident in his admittedly bleak childhood is detailed for purpose of giving the reader a life lesson
-Інцидент у його, за загальним визнанням, похмурому дитинстві детально описаний з метою
дати читачеві життєвий урок
To become a little wearing - If you say that a situation or activity is wearing, you mean that it
requires a lot of energy and makes you feel mentally or physically tired. She finds the continual
confrontation very wearing. Being in demand can be rather wearing. Synonyms: tiresome, trying,
taxing, tiring More Synonyms of wearing. - стати трохи втомлюючим/банальним
o (The Institute is intended to promote an understanding of the politics and culture of the Arab
world.
"To open the secret expecting an autobiography is to close it frustrated with the relentlessly positive
tone and black and white conclusions of a self-help book - which is when you come down to it” -
Відкрити таємницю, очікуючи на автобіографію, означає закрити її, розчарувавшись у
невпинно позитивному тоні та чорно-білих висновках книжки про самодопомогу - а саме до
цього все і зводиться.
o [ + -ing verb ] People were shocked by the advertisement which depicted a woman beating
her husband.
Turn sb life around = turn around in English - to move so that you face in the opposite direction: -
змінити на краще
Acclaim - public approval and praise:/ to give public approval and praise: - визнати
o widely acclaimed : She was widely acclaimed for her contribution to the discovery(Широко
визнаний)
o critical acclaim: Despite the critical acclaim, the novel did not sell well.(критичне
визнання)
o to great acclaim: Her first novel was published to great acclaim in 2018.
Granted – used to admit that something is true, before saying something else about it:- віддавати
належне
o granted that Granted that the story's true, there's not a lot you can do about it.
Using elbow grease - a lot of effort that you put into doing something/ hard work - фізичні
зусилля або напружену працю
Putting your back into it - to use a lot of physical effort to try to do something:
You could dig this plot in an afternoon if you really put your back into it.
Doing the legwork - work that involves physical activity such as interviewing people or gathering
information, especially when this work forms the basis of other, more intellectual work. He assisted
in unofficial ways with the routine legwork in various investigations
As long as they prepared to really stretch themselves – допоки вони готові піднімати
планку/напрягтись )
To stretch [ T usually + adv/prep ] - to cause something to reach, often as far as possible, in a particular
direction: - спричинити щось, щоб досягти, часто, наскільки це можливо, в певному напрямку:
No short cuts or cheap psychological tricks in this struggle - Ніяких скорочень або дешевих
психологічних трюків у цій боротьбі
the journey was long uphill and the going was rough - Шлях був довгим, важким і
перешкоди виявилися непростими/ і тернистим
Hold up – витримує (the narrative parts of the book hold up very well as a literary text)
You find yourself rooting for the young Eric Thomas - Ви виявляєте, що вболіваєте за молодого
Еріка Томаса
The lack of cohesion between the reality and message - нестача згуртованості між реальністю та
повідомленням
Pull himself or herself up by the bootstraps - ідіома- to improve your situation without any help
from other people: - витягти себе за волосся /шлейки
o He left school at 15 and pulled himself up by his bootstraps to ultimately head up a company.
Steer sb back into something - скеровувати до чогось ( Steer back into education повернутись назад
до навчання)
Steer - to take someone or something or make someone or something go in the direction in which you
want him, her, or it: - направляти когось в якомусь напрямку.
o She steered her guests into the dining room.
Take that opportunity and run with it – використати можливість та скористатись нею
run with it - to accept something, start to use it, and develop it further: - використати /
скористатись
o The Japanese took that technology and ran with it.
Need a helping hand - рука помочі / sb needs/give a helping hand – хтось потребує руку допомоги
Encouragement - заохочення
To guide the underprivileged onto correct path - скеровувати знедолених на правильний шлях
underprivileged – бідний/знедолений
Flourish – розквітнути
Passionate - пристрасний
Convincing – переколивий
Through blood, sweat and tears - extremely hard work, or the greatest effort possible, in order
to achieve something: - Крізь кров, піт і сльози
From rags to riches - to start your life very poor and then later in life become very rich
And this becomes a little wearing - If you say that a situation or activity is wearing, you mean
that it requires a lot of energy and makes you feel mentally or physically tired. - стати трохи
втомлюючим(заїжджена тема)
Use elbow grease - Strenuous physical effort, as in You'll have to use some elbow grease to get
the house painted in time. – використовувати важку фізичну працю
Put one’s back into it - to use a lot of physical effort to try to do something:
o You could dig this plot in an afternoon if you really put your back into it. – гнути
спину/працювати з великим ентузіазмом
Doing the legwork - work that involves physical activity such as interviewing people or
gathering information, especially when this work forms the basis of other, more intellectual
work. – виконувати роботу на «побігеньках»/брудну роботу
They are prepared to really stretch themselves - to cause something to reach, often as far as
possible, in a particular direction: - напрягти
The lack of cohesion between the reality and message = (cohesion - the situation when the
members of a group or society are united: - єдність) - Відсутність згуртованості між
реальністю і меседжем
o social/national cohesion
o lack of cohesion: The lack of cohesion within the party lost them votes in the election.
Pull himself or herself up by the bootstraps- to improve your situation without any help from
other people: - досягнути успіху своїми силами/прокладати собі шлях
o He left school at 15 and pulled himself up by his bootstraps to ultimately head up a
company.
Need a helping hand - help or assistance
P. 10-11
housewarming - a party that you give when you move into a new house: have a housewarming -
новосілля
o We're having a housewarming on Friday if you'd like to come. - новосілля
o engagement party: They held a big engagement party for their daughter.
• Promotion - підвищення
• Retirement - the act of leaving your job and stopping working, usually because you are old: - вихід на
пенсію;
o Many teachers over the age of 50 are taking early retirement.
• Anniversary - the day on which an important event happened in a previous year: - річниця;
o We always celebrate our wedding anniversary with dinner in an expensive restaurant.
o [ + to infinitive ] The United Nations passed (= voted to support) a resolution to increase aid
to developing nations. =
= 2.a promise to yourself to do or to not do something:[ + to infinitive ] I made a resolution
to give up chocolate.
• Objective - something that you plan to do or achieve: - мета/прагненя
o Her main/prime objective now is simply to stay in power.
Resolution:
• A resolution typically refers to a firm decision(тверді рішення) to do or not to do
something. It often involves determination, commitment, or a course of action.
• Resolutions are often associated with making changes, breaking habits, or achieving
specific outcomes.
• Resolutions can be personal, organizational, or even legislative.
• For example, a New Year's resolution might involve a commitment to exercise regularly or
quit smoking.
Objective:
• An objective, on the other hand, is a specific and measurable goal that you aim to achieve
within a certain timeframe.( це конкретна і вимірювана мета, яку ви прагнете досягти
протягом певного періоду часу.)
• Objectives are more concrete and tangible than resolutions, as they provide clear targets
or milestones.
• Objectives are often part of a broader plan or strategy, helping to guide actions and measure
progress.
• In business, objectives are commonly set for projects, departments, or individuals to ensure
alignment with organizational goals.
• For instance, a company might set an objective to increase sales by 10% within the next
quarter.
I
n essence, while resolutions focus on decisions and commitments, objectives are about setting
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound targets to work towards. Resolutions can
inspire objectives, but objectives provide the actionable steps to fulfill resolutions.
• Achievement - something very good and difficult that you have succeeded in doing:
Hold a huge reception in someone’s honour – влаштувати великий прийом в чиюсь честь
• Dedicated - believing that something is very important and giving a lot of time and energy to it: -
відданий
o a dedicated father/teacher
• Strive - to try very hard to do something or to make something happen, especially for a long time or
against difficulties: - прагнути
o [ + to infinitive ] Mr Roe has kindled expectations that he must now strive to live up
to.
o In her writing she strove for a balance between innovation and familiar prose forms.
Values (moral values) - the beliefs people have, especially about what is right and wrong and what
is most important in life, that control their behaviour: - цінності
o family/moral/traditional values
achieve/fulfil/realize your ambition: He has already achieved his main ambition in life -
to become rich.
o She doubts whether she'll ever be able to fulfil her ambition.
o After his heart attack, he abandoned his ambition to become prime minister.
Inspiration(from) - someone or something that gives you ideas for doing something:
o inspiration for: The golden autumn light provided the inspiration for the painting.
Obsession (with)- something or someone that you think about all the time:
o an unhealthy obsession with death
o He's always wanted to find his birth mother but recently it's become an obsession.
the control of one’s thoughts by a continuous, powerful idea or feeling, or the idea or feeling
itself:
o [ U ] His interest in detective stories has turned to obsession.
Reign - the period of time when a king or queen rules a country: - період (правління)
o the reign of Henry VIII
Вираз "one of peace" використовується для підкреслення того факту, що є багато різних
аспектів, характеристик або підходів до чого-небудь, а "мир" - один з таких аспектів або
характеристик.
Vehicle - a machine, usually with wheels and an engine, used for transporting people or goods,
especially on land: автомобіль/ транспортний засіб
Prosperity - a situation in which people are successful and have a lot of money: -
процвітання/успіх/добробут
We need to drive growth and create jobs and prosperity.
Luxury - something expensive that is pleasant to have but is not necessary: - розкіш
o luxuries, such as champagne and chocolate
Acquaintance - a person that you have met but do not know well: знайомий
gripping - захоплюючий
social background - one's social demographics such as one's color, creed, race, language,
education, life style, religion (sometimes included as social background), and nationality. –
соціальне походження (культура)
a supportive family
qualifications – 1.an official record showing that you have finished a training course or have the
necessary skills, etc.: / 2. an ability, characteristic, or experience that makes you suitable for a
particular job or activity: /3. success in getting into a competition: - має декілька значень:1.
Офіційна писулька про закінчення якихомь курсів /2. здатність, характеристика або досвід,
який робить вас придатним для конкретної роботи або діяльності/3. Успіх в змаганні
o The win earned them qualification for the World Cup finals.
having contact with superiors – контактувати з (вищестоящими працівниками, які над вами )
начальством
Subordinates – підлеглі
determination - цілеспрямованість
resilience – стійкість
Courage – мужність/відвага
charisma – харизма
persistence – наполегливість
self-motivation - самомотивація
ruthlessness – (the quality of not thinking or worrying about any pain caused to others when
deciding what you need to do: ) - безжалісність
foresight – далекоглядність
to build sth into sth (usually sth better) – зробити з чогось щось (краще)
intention – намір
regardless of - незважаючи на
Behind - is just that. Behind. “Careful of that dog behind you” or “It’s all in
the past. Put it behind you”
Beyond - is in front or into the future. “The shop is just down the road,
beyond the butcher’s” Or “She’s way beyond that amateur stuff; she’s
performing on tv now”.
Aim
Meaning:
General thing we want to achieve./ a result that your plans or actions are intended to achieve:
Examples:
1. She is aiming to finish the assignment by the end of the week.
2. His long-term aim is to become a successful entrepreneur.
3. The rifle was aimed at the target and fired.
Goal
Meaning:
A a personal or organizational desired end-point in some sort of assumed development./ a purpose, or
something that you want to achieve:
Examples:
1. Setting a goal to save $1,000 by the end of the year will help me reach my financial goals.
2. Her goal was to run a 5k in under 30 minutes.
3. She has achieved all her goals for the year.
Objective
Meaning:
Objective is a more detailed and tangible end-point./ something that you plan to do or achieve:
Examples:
1. The objective of the experiment was to measure the effects of the new medicine.
2. He was able to reach his objective by working hard and remaining focused.
3. I'm not sure the team will be able to achieve its objective of winning the tournament.
Purpose: Purpose refers to the reason for which something exists or is done. It often implies
a broader and more overarching reason or goal. For example, the purpose of a business may
be to provide innovative solutions to customer problems.
Object: An object typically refers to the thing or entity towards which an action is directed or
around which an action revolves. It can also refer to the goal or aim of an action. For
instance, in a game of soccer, the object is to score goals and win the match.
Aim: Aim refers to the specific goal or target that someone intends to achieve through their
actions. It is often more focused and specific than purpose. For example, an individual may
aim to lose weight by exercising regularly and eating healthily.
Intention: Intention refers to the planned or intended course of action. It represents what
someone wants to achieve or accomplish through their actions. Intention is closely related to
purpose but tends to emphasize the conscious decision-making aspect. For instance, someone
might have the intention of starting a new business to provide employment opportunities in
their community.
In summary, while these terms all relate to the reasons or goals behind actions, purpose tends
to be broader and more overarching, object refers to the thing or goal of an action, aim is a
specific target, and intention emphasizes the conscious decision-making aspect behind an
action.
Precise: "Precise" refers to something that is accurate, exact, or specific in its details or
measurements. It suggests a high level of accuracy or attention to detail. For instance, a
precise measurement would be one that is very close to the actual value or target.
Right: "Right" can have multiple meanings depending on the context. In terms of direction or
correctness, it often indicates alignment with a standard, principle, or expectation. For
example, the right answer to a question is the correct one according to the context or criteria
provided.
P12-13
to get/gain/win control of a situation - брати ситуацію під контроль
carry sth off = manage (a victory) - to succeed in doing or achieving something difficult: - справитись
carry on = continue
carry sth out = to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you
have been told to do: - виконувати
carry over = continue to exist - to use or do something at a later time than planned: - переносити
carry sth through = manage to accomplish - to complete something successfully: - впоратись з чимось
/ виконувати, втілювати
wear down = weaken/reduce - to make someone feel tired and less able to deal successfully with a
situation: - втомити/виснажити
o All the stress and extra travel is beginning to wear him down.
wear on = pass (of a day) - If a period of time wears on, it seems to pass very slowly:
wear sth out = damage through use - використовувати щось настільки, що воно пошкоджено і не
може більше використовуватися/зношувати
wore down (= reduced) – послабити ( scheme worn down her resistance - схема послабила її опір)
wear away (= dissolve)( also wear out/wear through) - послаблювати, псувати, поступово
зменшувати, руйнувати
to work one’s fingers to the bone - наполегливо працювати, працювати день і ніч
to work one’s way up to the top крокувати угору, прокладати собі шлях
to one’s disbelief - the inability or refusal to believe or to accept something as true - на чиєсь велике
здивування
to tie the knot - одружитися, переступати рушник / зв'язати себе узами шлюбу
to split up - розійтися
disastrous – катастрофічний\тяжки\згубний
to owe заборгувати
it is conceivable - вирогідно
to devise - розробити
dog days - the hottest days of the summer - спекотні літні дні
google around - шукати щось без конкретної цілі (wander around) idle бездіяльний, який не
працює
corruption - спотворення
P. 16-17
inferred – припустити
commodities – товар
minority – меншість
to perk sb up підбадьорювати
rage (road/ office/ phone) - агресія (на дорозі, на роботі, у телефонній розмові)
stark - суворий
wretched – жалюгідний
likewise - також
shrink - зменшуватися
prosaic – звичайний
wake up to the fact – to start to understand that a situation or problem exists: - зіштовхнутись з
фактом
our health is better on almost every count – наше здоров’я покращилося майже за всіма показниками
unavoidable – неминуче
households – домогосподарство
glum похмурий
encircling – оточення
leave the lawn – покинути свою комфортну зону, почати щось робити
infer - to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have: -
робити висновок
beaming-smiling happily - used to describe a smile that is very wide and happy, or someone
who is smiling in this way:
incivility - rudeness
affluent - wealthy
elimination - eradication
massively - greatly
prosaic-ordinary
Use of English (pp. 18-21)
dread + Ving
count on - rely
youngster юнак
prosperous relation of mine мій багатий/успішний родич distant relation далекий родич
timid боязкий
to have enough money to spare мати достатньо грошей в запасі to subsidise - надавати субсидію,
дотацію
well-spoken прекрасно висловлений, красномовний well-thought of той, про якого мають гарну
думку well-travelled досвідчений в подорожах
alarmist панікер
alarming тривожний
To be alarmed занепокоєний
prospective потенційний