Proceedings Art & Culture Thailand

International Conference on Arts and Cultures in Creative Economy 2018
“Thailand University Art and Culture Network”
First Edition February 15th – 17th, 2018

500 copies
Consultants
Asst.Prof.Thapanat Prom-in Sukhothai Thamathirat Open University
Assist.Prof.Dr.Prachak Mai-Chareon Phra Nokhon Rajabhat University
Asst.Prof.Pramote Suwann Ramphaiphanni Rajabhat University
Asst. Prof. Forn Premphund Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University
Asst. Prof.Dr.Pornpawee Pumkerd Prince of Songkla University
Accoc.Prof.Wuttichai Prapakittirat Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University
Mr.Yanapat Yodkaew Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University
Asst.Prof. Dr.Pathurumphai Prapatsorn Khamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University
Asst. Prof. Acting Capt. Dr.Thanu Thodthankhun Rajamangala University of Technology
Suvarnabhumi (RUS)
Miss.Pornpatra Chumroen Udon Thani Rajabhat University
Mr.Rachroat Punyaboon Phuket Rajabhat University
Mr.Anurat Pansakoon Suratthani Rajabhat University
Dr.Chongkol Hengsuwan Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University
Mr.Yuttana Nuntiwatwip Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
Editorial
Professor Dr.Aung Myint Oo University of Yangon , Myanmar
Assoc.Dr.Shivani Sharma Panjab University Chandigarh, India
Dr.Vi, Van An The Vietnam Museum of Ethnology
Dr.Gantsetseg Sanjmyatav Mandakh Burtgel University of Mongolia
Prof.Dr.Artha Nantachakra Khon kaen University
Asst.Prof.Dr.Suphawan Vongkamjan Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University
Mrs.Suksri Chanthep Silver Fern International School
Dr.Sippanan Nuanla-ong Silpakorn University
Dr.Sakesit Paksee Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University
Editorial Board
Miss Boonthip Chuyratkaew Sukhothai Thamathirat Open University
Miss Warunyupa Srirak Phra Nokhon Rajabhat University
Miss Sirinut Kruttaka Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University
Mr.Ekkachai Naktanom Rajamangala University of Technology
Suvarnabhumi (RUS)
Cover and Book Desing

Mr.Thitipong Chinprahat Rajamangala University of Technology
Suvarnabhumi (RUS)
Takkasila Printing
205/4 Srisawat Damnoen Rd, Talad Sub-district
Muang District Maha Sarakham, 44000
Phone : (+6681)5465776
(+6689)6177357
Contents
Title Page
Presidents’ Messages ............................................................................................ 1

Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University ............................................... 3
Phranakhon Rajabhat University ............................................................. 4
Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University ........................................................ 5
Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University ......................................................... 6
Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University ........................................................ 7
Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University ....................................................... 8
Prince of Songkla University ................................................................... 9
Khamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University ................................................... 10
Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi (RUS) ............... 11
Suratthani Rajabhat University ................................................................ 12
Phuket Rajabhat University ..................................................................... 13
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University ....................................... 14
Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep ................................. 15
University Backgrounds ........................................................................................ 17

Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University .............................................. 19
Pranakhon Rajabhat University ............................................................... 25
Udon Thani Rajabhat University ............................................................. 71
Articles ................................................................................................................... 97
A Challenge for intangible heritages at Angkor site/
Vutthy Siv, Assoc.Prof ........................................................................ 99
Language, Culture, and History in Cambodia/
Vong Meng ......................................................................................... 103
English Borrowing in Mongolian Language/
Sumiya Tuvdennyam ........................................................................... 110
Community Participation towards KharKhorin Regional Tourism
Development/Gantsetseg Sanjmyatav ................................................ 117
The Study of World Heritage Sites Potential for Tourism :A case study
Of PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya World Heritage Site, Thailand/
Thanarat Ratanapongtra, Sukhum Kongdit, Wanwisa Punkhoom, 125
Phimporn Phimsuwan .........................................................................
Miang Kham–A Traditional Food Culture and Further
Development/Imerb Punsod ............................................................... 135
Contents
Title Page
Title Page
Opportunity and Obstacle of
Sukhothai Thammathirat OpenAdministration
University in...............................................
the Area Surrounding 3
the World Heritage Sites : A Comparative Study of the Cases
of Ayutthaya, Thailand and Angkor, Cambodia/
Chanikan Polcharoen ......................................................................... 140
Thai Song Dam: Cultural Diversity Leads to Creative Economy of
Nakhon Sawan
Suratthani Rajabhat University
Province/Jirawan Promthong ........................................................
........................................... 147 7
Integrative treatment of postmenopausal.......................................................
Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University women between Traditional 8
Prince
Thai of Songklaand
medicine University ...................................................................
modern medicinePrapokklao Hospital, 9
Khamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University
Chantaburi/Suratsawadee Sinwat, ATTM. ...................................................
........................................ 151 10
Rajamangala
The Guideline University
to Enhanceofthe Technology
EfficiencySuvarnabhumi
of English Communication (RUS) ............... 11
Suratthani Rajabhat University ................................................................
(Listening and Speaking Skills) of Guest House Officers in 12
Phuket
Muang Rajabhat University
Phranakorn .....................................................................
Sri Ayutthaya Province/Wunwisa Punkhoom, 13
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat
Nattee Phechburi, Phimporn Phimsuwan, University Thanarat .......................................
Ratanapongtra .. 159 14
Rajamangala
The University
Study of the Leadership of Technology
of King Taksin Krungthep
the great in .................................
the 15
Chanthaburi Local Histories/Natthakit Chai-ariyamatee ................. 167
University Backgrounds
Local ........................................................................................
Wisdom in Chanthaboon Wowen Mats for Sustainable Economy 17
Sukhothai Thammathirat
Community Open University
Development Chanthaburi Province/ .............................................. 19
Pranakhon Rajabhat University ...............................................................173
Thanakorn Pibanrak .......................................................................... 25
Community
Rambhai BarniHistory of Pattani
Rajabhat riverside ........................................................
University people/ 29
Rahanee Daoh
Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University .........................................................181
.................................................................................... 37
History
NakhonofSawan
Chinese shrinesUniversity
Rajabhat in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s
........................................................ 41
downtown/Komluck
Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat Chaiya, University Wiwatchot .......................... 188
Kitthanate....................................................... 45
Folk
PrinceWisdom of Woven
of Songkla Fabrics :...................................................................
University Creation of Dress–Shoe/ 53
,
Yudee Thong-on Rungruttikarn
Khamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University Moungmai ....................................... 197
................................................... 57
Traditional food in relation to the way
Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi of life and culture(RUS) in Prajan ............... 63
community/Nipatimah Hajihama, Prasit Rattanamanee,
Booncharoen Bamrungchoo, Narawadee Lohajinda,
Kwanruan Boonkobkaew, Jidaporn Sangnil ..................................... 202
Cultural Folk Plays in Narathiwat/Prasit Rattanamanee,
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University .......................................
Nipatimah Hajihama, Booncharoen Bamrungchoo,
87
Rajamangala
Narawadee University
Lohajinda,of Technology
Kwanruan Krungthep .................................
Boonkobkaew, 93
Articles Jidaporn Sangnil ................................................................................ 207 97
...................................................................................................................
Culture
A Challengeof Traditional Medication
for intangible heritagesin Tambon
at Angkor Tabing,site/Sai Buri,
Patta/Kwanruan Boonkobkaew, Nipatimah Hajihama,
Prasit Rattanamanee, Booncharoen Bamrungchoo,
Narawadee Lohajinda, Jidaporn Sangnil ......................................... 212
Vong Meng ......................................................................................... 103
The Study of Identity to Add Value for Homestays in PhraNakhon
Si Ayutthaya Province/Tharida Sakulrat,
ThapakornTuvdennyam
Sumiya Thongkamnush ................................................................. 216110
...........................................................................
Community Participation
The Guideline to Enhance the Service towards KharKhorin
Quality of the Regional
Guesthouse Tourism in
Development/Gantsetseg Sanjmyatav
PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province/Phimphorn Phimsuwan, ................................................ 117
The Study of Chuapung,
Benjaporn World Heritage Thanarat SitesRatanapongtra,
Potential for Tourism :A case study
Of PhraNakhonSi
Wanwisa Punkhoom Ayutthaya World Heritage Site, Thailand/
........................................................................... 223
Thanarat Ratanapongtra, Sukhum
Tri Lingual Shadow Puppets:Teaching Innovations to Educational Kongdit, Wanwisa Punkhoom, 125
Institutions in Suratthani Province/Suwimon Vatviroj .................... 231
Miang
The Model Kham–A Traditional
of Awareness of Anti Food Culture and
Corruptions of the Further
Local government
Development/Imerb
in Thailand/Jidapa Rangmeesrisuk, Apisada Srikhruedong ............ 235135
Punsod ...............................................................
Contents
Title Page
Title Page
Indigenous Knowledge of Herbalists Concerning the Production of
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University ............................................... 3
Herbal Medicine with Properties of Menopause Treatment/
Nongluck Srikhachonkiat, Thitisak Vejekama ................................... 244
The guidelines for practicing contemporary performances of Children
Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University
and Youth Group in Kamphaeng Phet Province/Suphachockchai ......................................................... 6
Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University
Nanthasri, Phathooramphai Praphatsorn, Pimnara Bunjong, ........................................................ 7
Wanasanan Nuchanart ....................................................................... 251 8
Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University .......................................................
Prince of Songkla
The management of University
cultural capital ...................................................................
with people’s participation :A case 9
Khamphaeng
of Rice Porridge PhetTradition/Chayanan
Rajabhat UniversitySirikitsathien, ...................................................
Weerawan 10
Rajamangala
Jangmo, Wissanudeth University of Technology
Nanchaikaew, Suvarnabhumi
Vutthiwat (RUS) ...............
Ananphutthimet, 11
Nongluk Chanpichai ............................................................................ 258 12
Suratthani Rajabhat University ................................................................
The studyRajabhat
Phuket of Structure University
of the Social .....................................................................
Relationship System in The Pagoda 13
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University
Worship Ceremony of Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw), Hermit of ....................................... 14
Rajamangala
Talaku Sect Through Universitythe of“Legend”
Technology Krungthep .................................
of Ban-Mongkua, Umphang 15
District, Tak Province/Sukkasem Khunthong,
UniversityThirawit
Backgrounds Praimahaniyom ................................................................... 264 17
........................................................................................
Conservation and Restoration
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open of University
Thai Herbs Used for Treatment of
.............................................. 19
Male Sexual Dysfunction/Sumpan Klamkomal,
Songkoon
Rambhai Chantachon
Barni .......................................................................
Rajabhat University 274 29
........................................................
The DevelopmentRajabhat
Kanchanaburi Model ofUniversity
Community.........................................................
Waste Products Management 37
by Participation of People at Sub-District Administrative
Organization
Nakhon PathomTumbol Rajabhat Pangpouy
University Damnoensaduak Ratchaburi,
....................................................... 45
Province/Naputr Graenake, Jidapa Ranameesrisuk ........................
Prince of Songkla University ................................................................... 280 53
The Practical Policy
Khamphaeng for Conserving
Phet Rajabhat Universityan Environment
................................................... 57
Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University/Phongphat
Chittanura, Prasit Phutthasatsattha, Phramahaprasert Thavaro
(Buppasuk), Peravat Chaisuk ............................................................ 284
Relations between Human and Environment
Phuket Rajabhat University .....................................................................
Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University/Suwatsan Ragkhanto, 81
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University
Phramaha Suchat Analayo (Maion), Phramaha Prakasit Sirimedho ....................................... 87
(Thitipasitthikron), Komsan Jalearnwong (titamataso) ..................... 289 93
Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep .................................
ArticlesWoven Fabric: Cultural Heritage Reflecting the Role of
................................................................................................................... 97
Women/Sirinut Krutaka .................................................................... 294
Listening and Speaking Activities in ESL classrooms/
Darren M Wright ................................................................................ 297
The Selection of Information Resources for Temple Tour Guiding of
Vong Meng ......................................................................................... 103
Tourism Students of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of
English
Technology Borrowing in Mongolian Sakdachakul,
Krungthep/Potjanee Language/ Thammarat
Sanyawuth .......................................................................................... 300 110
Sumiya Tuvdennyam ...........................................................................
Community
Developing Manual Participation towards KharKhorin
for Cross-cultural Experiential/ Regional Tourism
Kittiwan Sinthunava, Sathaporn Pokpong ....................................... 304 117
Development/Gantsetseg Sanjmyatav ................................................
AThe
Study Study
on theof World
Synthesis Heritage Sites Potential
of Contextual Data of for Tourism
Samruen :A case study
Sub-district
OfEffective
for PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya World Chaiphithak
Spatial Research/Jurarat Heritage Site, , Thailand/
Vassa Promsil,
ThanaratNawatnathee,
Tharanee Ratanapongtra, Sukhum Sukhum Kongdit,
Kongdit, Wanwisa
Benjaporn Punkhoom,
Chuaphueng, 125
Phimporn
Tharida Phimsuwan
Sakulrat, Boonsomying .........................................................................
Polamuangdee .............................. 315
Contents
Title Page
Title Page
The Study Thammathirat
Sukhothai of the Archeological Open Site Along The
University March of King Taksin,
............................................... 3
the Great. Rajabhat
Phranakhon To Develop the Historical
University Tourism Route in
............................................................. 4
PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya/Jongkon Hengsuwan, Patt Taengpun,
Pathapong Chuenboon
Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University .........................................................320 6
......................................................................
LearningSawan
Nakhon English Conversation
Rajabhat Universitythrough WebQuest Activity for Under
........................................................ 7
Graduated Student at Rajmangala University of Technology
Suvarnabhumi Suphanburi Campus/Ruangsin Pluempan, Wandee
Phet Rajabhat University ...................................................328 10
Srisawat ..............................................................................................
Khamphaeng
Cultural Heritage
Rajamangala of ThaiofFolk
University SongSinging
Technology Contest in (RUS)
Suvarnabhumi Digital TV/ ............... 11
Aripon Jarrunakorn ........................................................................... 334
Innovation Creativity of the censorship film to film industry
development in Thailand 4.0/Naisara Kullavanijaya ...................... 340
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University .......................................
Weaving Cultural heritage is a treasure of Thai wisdom/
14
Thanasin Janthadech ........................................................................ 345 15
Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep .................................
Creation Network of Mo Lam Mo Khaen for Promoting and
University Backgrounds
Development Career Permanently/Somkhit Suk-erb ........................ 349 17
........................................................................................
Sukhothai Thammathirat
Folk Toys Thailand Open University
: Invention ..............................................
and design appropriately development 19
Pranakhon
of Different Rajabhat
ages for University
the Creative Economy/Sastra Laoakka .......... 356 25
...............................................................
Rambhai
The Guideline BarnitoRajabhat
PreserveUniversity
and Inherit MoLum ........................................................
Plearn classical 29
Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University .........................................................
Performance of Yasothorn Province in the Northeastern Part of 37
Thailand/Sitthisak Champadaeng ..................................................... 361 41
Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University ........................................................
Nakhon
SatisfactionPathom Rajabhat
of student University
for Chinese .......................................................
communication 1 and development 45
Guidelines/Patipan
Prince of Songkla University Kittinantawat, Benjamat Yodsongkam,
................................................................... 53
Tipwawan Phet
Khamphaeng Singda, Zhanglong
Rajabhat ...................................................368 57
Liao .................................................
University
The Honey and
Rajamangala MumfordofLearning
University Technology Styles/Suvarnabhumi (RUS) ............... 63
Daren
Udon Thani M Wright University .............................................................372 71
Rajabhat.................................................................................
THE HUNGER
Suratthani RajabhatGAMES Translation
University Strategies of Incomplete
................................................................ 75
Sentences from English to Thai in THE HUNGER
,
GAMES/Naowarat
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya RajabhatArkom
Intaraprasit University Srabua, ....................................... 87
Saiyud Uraisakul
Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep .................................376 93
...............................................................................
The Rice in Khmer and Thai: Language and Cultural Context/
Chom Sonnang .................................................................................. 387 97
Articles ...................................................................................................................
Buddhist
A Challenge integration for Organizational
for intangible heritages atManagementAngkor site/ to
strengtheninghealth
Vutthy Siv, Assoc.Prof and learning for Thai society/
........................................................................ 99
BusakornCulture,
Language, Watthanabut and History.......................................................................
in Cambodia/ 398
TheVong
Development of Intangible Cultural Resources of Bronze Drum in
Meng ......................................................................................... 103
Guangxi/Liang
English BorrowingYanli, Qin Xiuhong
in Mongolian Language/................................................. 406
Development
Sumiya Tuvdennyamof knowledge ...........................................................................
in the production of mud silage in 110
communities in northeastern Thailand/Songkoon Chantachon ...... 411
The Conservation, Restoration and Inheritance of Full Moon
Bathing: A Case Study of Culture and Tradition at
Samreun Community, Bang Pa In District,
Of PhraNakhonSi
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya AyutthayaProvince. World Heritage /Supachat Site,Satientanasan
Thailand/ 420
Thanarat Ratanapongtra, Sukhum
and Boonsomying Polamuangdee 1 ………………………………........ Kongdit, Wanwisa Punkhoom, 125
Contents
Title Page
Title Page
The FactorsThammathirat
Sukhothai Affected to Customers’
Open UniversitySatisfaction with Staying in 4-5
............................................... 3
Star Hotels in the Chao Phraya Riverside/ Supaphorn Akkapin,
Rochana Srisangvorn, Kittiphum Nilchan,
Waratchaya Wilaiprajuabseang ............................................................ 427
The satisfaction of the students on the curriculum of
Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University ........................................................
Maejo University -Chumphon /Phatthanakan Tiapibool,
7
Boonsin Jitaprapan ................................................................................
Prince of Songkla University ................................................................... 440 9
Schedule Khamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University ...................................................
………………………………………………………………………….. 451 10
University Backgrounds ........................................................................................ 17

Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University .............................................. 19
Articles ................................................................................................................... 97
Vong Meng ......................................................................................... 103
Sumiya Tuvdennyam ........................................................................... 110
Of PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya World Heritage Site, Thailand/
Thanarat Ratanapongtra, Sukhum Kongdit, Wanwisa Punkhoom, 125
International Conference on Arts & Cultures in Creative Economy
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand1




February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University
International of Technology
Conference Suvarnabhumi,
on Arts & Thailand
Cultures in Creative
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand 15 3
Economy
RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

SUKHOTHAI THAMMATHIRAT OPEN UNIVERSITY
Message from the President of
MessageRajamangala
from the President of SukhothaiThammathirat
University Open University
of Technology Krungthep
 RMUTKIt aimsis mytogreat

be apleasure
creativethat Sukhothai
technology
Thammathirat
university in Asia. The Open University
university has (STOU).
(STOU)
accordinglyWill
focusedco-host
on the the 8thInternational
development Conference
of our personnel and on
“World
academicWorldcurriculums
Heritage: that align Culture
Intangible to international
to Creative
standards. We with
Economy”with have the
alsoArts and Cultural
promoted Network
the research
University
development, the ofacademic
Thailand during with
ic services 15 creative
15-17 February
2018
concepts, andatthe
Rajamangala
preservationUniversity
of arts andofculture.
Technology
Suvarnabhumi.
Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
As the
4.0 that emphasizes a use
lifelong learning creativity,
of technology, university,
STOUis dedicated
and innovation to fosterto national
develop development,
the educational
qualityand
prosperity and sustainability,
extended the educational opportunity
we are currently
for to
prepared everyone
developinthe response
creativetoeducational
the personal andand
society
learning systemsrequirements.
and to equipSTOUstudents haswith
employed
the usethe
distance technologies
of innovative learning system and provided
of knowledge. We havethe
placedlearning
importancemedia, radio and accomplished
oncultivating television programs,
and
online media, and other supplementary
proficientmedia to the students,
graduatesfor so they
the national thdevelopment.
ey can study on their
devel
own at their own pace at home.
The university is located in Pakkret, Nonthaburi Province, one of the most
important pottery production area since Ayutthaya period. Pottery, which is considered
to be a local wisdom of Nonthaburi, is Dr.SukitNitinai
widely recognized at both national and
widely
international level forPresident
its uniqueof shape and artistic
Rajamangala style of
Universityofin Technology
the exquisiteKrungthep
and amazing
carving skill. In particular, the “Ban Din Mon” pottery still maintains and inherits the
local specific characteristics of ancestral pottery production.
KohKret pottery is part of the intangible culture toward creative economy
which STOU is aware of its importance as a cultural wisdom. The university has
promoted and supported it in various activities, such as establishing an exhibition exhibiti at the
university on “Nonthaburi Pottery”. STOU also collected the important information to
publish as a book and publicize in “Nonthaburi digital information bank” online media.
I would like to convey my gratefulness and appreciation, on behalf of
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, to our good friend, the Arts and Cultural
Network University of Thailand, for hosting this valuable event with best intention, and
wish the conference a great success.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. PanumasKudngaongarm

Acting President
dent of SukhothaiThammathirat
Open University

ymonocE evitaerC ni serutluC & strA no ecnerefnoC lanoitanretnI
4 1dnalFebruary
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnInternational
amajaR 8102Conference
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology ,71-51 yrauon
Suvarnabhumi, rbeArts
F & Cultures in Creative Economy
Thailand
PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

PHRANAKHON RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
fo tnediserP eht morf egasseM
Message p
from
ehtgthe
nurK ygolonhPhranakhon
President ceT fo ytisrevRajabhat
inU alagnUniversity
amajaR
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 

ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytiPhranakhonsrevinu Rajabhat University, is
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempoleved registeredeht no desas ucofa member of The Thailand
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smulucUniversity
irruc cimeArt dacaand Culture Network since we
hcraeser eht detomorp osla evah believe eW .sthat
dradArt
natsand Culture is a basic aspect in
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedaca eheducationThe
t ,tnempoThe levedpower of arts and culture can
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserp etransform
ht dna ,stpepeace
cnoc to our nationTherefore,
nation we
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogehtaim redto
nUmake a valuable uable contribution to regions
region
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sezrichisahpcultural
me taht 0offerAs
.4 As well as on behalf of
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot Phranakhonnoitavonni dRajabhat
na University, I feel most
yltnerruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus honored dna ytithat
repsowe rp are playing a part in building
dna lanoitacude evitaerc eht polevthe ed art
ot and
derculture
aperp network
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys gFirstly, ninraelfor example, we have a historic
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhceducation et evitavonmuseumThis
ni fo This museum was the first
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecaffiliated
natropmi museum
decalp at PNRU and is based on the
.tnempoleved lanoitan eht rofslongetaudatradition
rg tneiciforof p Thai teacher training in
educational cultureSecondly,
Secondly, our reputation on
art, such as the Thai cultural performing arts, music, and ceramic product design
hasenhancedd our reputationThese
reputation These examples of art and culture are a heritage of PNRU PNRU
Thus we realize how importantart
ianitiNand
tikuculture
S.rD network is is
pehtAs
gnuwerK yare
golonow
nhceentering vinU alagn40,
T foytisreThailand ama, jaI Ramfo looking
tnediserPforward to a modern
dynamic society to pursue a high diversity of art and culture at the university, we will
develop students with artistic sensitivity in the 21st centuryWhere
century Where there is a will, there
are a variety of ways to reach the goal
goal
Lastly, I would like to extend my gratitude and appreciation to all members of
Thailand
iland University Art and Culture Network for their contribution to the achievement
of The 8th International Conference of Thailand University Art and Culture Network
World Heritage Intangible
Intangible Culture to Creative Economyin
Economy in 2018I2018 wish you all
happiness and success in future art and culture education aspects and life life
Associate Professor Preang Kitratporn, PhD

Ph
President, Phranakhon Rajabhat University
Bangkok, Thailand
International Conference on Arts &Suvarnabhumi,
of Technology Thailand
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand 155
Economy

RAMBHAI BARNI RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Massage from the President
Rajamangala of of
University RambhaiBarniRajabhat
Technology KrungthepUniversity
 RMUTK aims to be a creative technology

RambhaiBarni
university in Asia. Rajabhat
The university has University
accordingly is
focusedanonhonorable and precious
the development institute
of our as the and
personnel main
academiccampus was thethatprivate
curriculums align residence of Her
to international
Majesty
standards. We Queen RambhaiBarni
RambhaiBarni,
have also promoted the the research
Queen of
King Prajadhipok
development, the academic icor services
King Rama VII. The
with creative
Queen
concepts, generously
and the donated
preservation her
of arts andown residence
culture.
toUnder
Thailand’s Ministry of Education
thegovernment’s in 1972 to
vision of Thailand
4.0 thatestablish
emphasizesan the
institution of higher education
use of technology, creativity,in
the easterntoThailand
and innovation which is development,
foster national RambhaiBarni
Rajabhat
prosperity and University nowadays.
sustainability,wadays.
we are currently
prepared to developRambhaiBarni
the creativeRajabhat University’s
educational and
learningVision
systems “Wisdom
and to equipofstudentsEast withLeads
the useto
Internationalization”
of innovative technologies of Forknowledge.
many yearsWe untilhave
now,
placed the University
importance has producedaccomplished
oncultivating efficient graduates
and
proficientand provides the
graduatesfor courses
nationalfordevelopment.
Bachelor’s degree,
devel
Master’s degree and Doctor of Philosophy. Also,
we highly focus on making efficient graduates under development for demands of the
local community and national. Developing the local community is our first priority that
focus on the University provides encouragement and motivation to teachers,
Dr.SukitNitinai
researchers,
earchers, students and university’s
President staffs to Universityof
of Rajamangala show the ofpotential of knowledge
Technology Krungthepand
abilities in academic, technology and Innovation including, international and national
research .Also, Creating network of International academicwith Arts ,Cultures and
Locall wisdom concurrently for developing to Internationalization under the
collaboration with organizations that will bring the University to Standard of Education
Managementin many parts for acceptation and create reliability in academic with local
for sustainability.
I believe “The 8th International Conference of Thailand University Arts and
Culture Network World Heritage: Intangible Culture to Creative Economy “in this time
will bring benefits to us indeedly.
(Assistant Professor WaigoonThongaram)

Acting President RambhaiBarniRajabhat University
6 1dnalFebruary
F & Cultures in Creative Economy
Thailand

KANCHANABURI RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Message from
pehthe
tgnuPresident
rK ygolonofhcKanchanaburi
eT fo ytisrevinRajabhat
U alagnamUniversity
ajaR
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUM First

R of  all, on behalf of
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aKanchanaburi
isA ni ytisrevinuRajabhat University, we are
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof
privileged to be a part of this important
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smulucirruc cimedaca
hcraeser eht detomorp osla evahconference eW .sdradnats“The 8th International
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedaca Conference
eht ,tnempoleon vedArts and Cultures in World
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserpHeritage:
eht dna ,stpeIntangible
cnoc Culture to Creative
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogehEconomy”on
t rednU 15-17
17 February 2018, held
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sein
zisaone
hpme of
taht the
0.4 most beautiful cities of
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna
Thailand. Tremendous remendous contributions
yltnerruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
resulting
dna lanoitacude evitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp in several sectors of society have
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dnapinpointed
smetsys gnintherael importance and success of
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhthis cet evvery
itavonspecial
ni fo event. The conference
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno etheme cnatropm‘Intangible
i Intangible
decalp Culture has been
Culture’
proudly.tselected
nempolevtoed create
lanoitaneven
eht rogreater
fsetaudarvalue
g tneicand
iforppride on cultural
cu identity,
preservation, and inheritance among people in every corner of the globe.
Especially, the present era of multiculturalism in which we are living today.
Accordingly, ourianpast
itiNtikaccomplishments
uS.rD allow us to extend our
networks for future resea
research
rch directions and collaborations.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnediserP This academic
venue has provided opportunities to establish a professional community for
sharing thoughts, understanding each other, and exchanging ideas on how
we can surge ahead forward to reach new discoveries beneficial benefici for our
society.
Please allow me to close this conference message by delivering our
deep gratitude to Thailand University Art and Culture Network for their
tireless efforts to organize all conference tacks and sessions. And last but
not least, speciall thanks are extended to Rajamangala University of
Technology Suvarnabhumi, the host of this conference, for soliciting,
supporting, and making the 8th International Conference on Arts and
Cultures a successful event. I am confident that this memorable conference
con
would provide a productive and fun-filled
fun filled time of great contributions which
are the major foundation of this event.
Collegially Yours,
Dr. Narongdech Rattananonsathien

President of Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University
International Conference on Arts &Suvarnabhumi,
of Technology Thailand
Economy

NAKHONSAWAN RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Message from the President
Rajamangala University NakhonSawan
of of Rajabhat University
Technology Krungthep
 RMUTKNakhonSawan
aims to be aRajabhatcreative University,
technologyas
a tertiary
university institute,
in Asia. provides academic
The university services
has accordingly
focusedforonlocal developmentOne
the development One
of our ofpersonnel
its important
and
missions
academic is
curriculums responsible
that for
align to internationalcultural
preservation
standards. We have andalso
knowledge
promotedin the arearesearch
base the
Chao Phraya
development, River icwater
the academic servicessource
withcommunity
community
creative
Research
concepts, and theprocess promote
preservation collective
of arts and culture.learning
andUnderselfthegovernment’s
–empowerment
empowerment among
vision multi
multi-
of Thailand
4.0 thatstakeholders
emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
and innovationThis conference
to foster nationalprovides a good
development,
opportunity
prosperity to demonstratewe
and sustainability, the potentials
are currentlyin the
coordination
prepared to develop of the University Arts and Culture
creative educational and
Network
learning systemsofand
ThailandThis
to equipThis will lead
students withtothe
research
use
development,
of innovative which ofwill
technologies induce We
knowledge. innovative
have
placedinventions,
importanceacademic services
oncultivating for community,
accomplished and
cultural
proficient innovation
graduatesfor and learning
the national devel centers 
development.
NakhonSawan Rajabhat University is
grateful to the administratorsrators and all personnel
of Thailand University Art and Culture Network, the lecturers, academics, researchers,
and scholars for their cooperation in Arts Dr.SukitNitinai
and Cultures on Creative EconomyThe
Economy
dissemination of research results
President has playedUniversityof
of Rajamangala creative of roles and enabled
Technology cultural
Krungthep
resources to be administered practically for the sake of strengthening quality of life and
my university attends this year's event that is encouraged and supported to build a
network of cooperation with teachers, academics who are interested
interested to bring knowledge
and experience to work together. There is also the development of cultural and artistic
cooperation between the school and the community.
(Assistant Professor Dr.Banyat Chumnankit)

President of NakhonSawan Rajabhat University
8 1dnalFebruary
ThailandF & Cultures in Creative Economy

NAKHON PATHOM RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Message from
pehtthe
gnuPresident
rK ygolonNakhonPathom Rajabhat
hceT fo ytisrevinU alagnaUniversity
majaR
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR On behalf of NakhonPathom

ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA nRajabhat i ytisrevinUniversity,
u I am truly honored
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempoleved ehtand no very
desucpleased
of that we are involved with
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smulucirruthe c ci8mthedaInternational
ca Conference World
hcraeser eht detomorp osla evah eWHeritage .sdradn:atsIntangible Culture to Creative
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedaca eht ,tEconomy. nempolevedThe conference is one of the
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserp eht ddriving
na ,stpecforces
noc in creating of knowledge
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht redfrom nU research, which in turn addresses the
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sezisahexisting
pme tahtproblems
0.4 and meanwhile develop
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot noitthe avocommunity
nni dna and country as a whole. It
yltnerruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dnaalsoyticonforms repsorp s to NakhonPathom Rajabhat
dna lanoitacude evitaerc eht poleved University’s
ot deraperp Strategic Plan of the years
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna sme2014-2018
tsys g2018
ninrael emphasizing research and
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet eacademic vitavonni services
fo as the focal mission.
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi deIn calthis
p regard, I am very pleased to
.tnempoleved lanoitan eht rofsetaucollaborate
darg tneiciforpas network to mobilize
personnel and resources in order to drive
the formation of knowledge from research
to generate economic development and
ianitiNtikuS.rD social
 prosperity.
pehtOn
gnuthis
rK yoccasion,
golonhceTI fwould
oytisrevlike
inUtoalaexpress
gnamajamyR foheartfelt
tnediserappreciation
P to all the
universities in the network, participants and particularly all the organizing staff who
devote their efforts to making this conference a success. I wish the conference a great
success as intended in all aspects.
(Assistant Professor Somdej Ninlapan)

President of NakhonPathom Rajabhat University
Conference on Arts Suvarnabhumi, 15 9
ThailandEconomy
& Cultures in Creative
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand

PRINCE OF SONGKLA UNIVERSITY
Rajamangala
Message University
from the ofof
President Technology Krungthep
Prince of Songkla University
 RMUTK aims toI be am averycreative

honoredtechnology
that Prince
university in Asia. The university has accordingly
of Songkhla University is a co-host co
focused on the development of our personnel
of The th International and of
Conference
academic curriculums
Thailand thatUniversity
align to Artinternational
and Culture
standards. We haveNetwork also promoted
with the thetitleresearch
“World
development, theHeritage
academic ic : services with creative
Intangible Culture to
concepts, and the Creative
preservation of arts and culture.
Economy”.
Under thegovernment’s
Prince ofvision of Thailand
Songkla University
4.0 that emphasizes
is athe use ofThai
public technology,
universitycreativity,
established
and innovation in to 1967
foster asnational
the firstdevelopment,
university in
thern Thailand, with currently
southern we are the guiding
prepared to develop the creative
principle “Our Soul educational and
is for the Benefit
learning systems and to equip students with the use
of Mankind”
of innovative technologiesToday, of knowledge.
PSU is We one have
of the
placed importancenineoncultivating accomplished
national research universities.and
proficient graduatesfor
Thetheuniversity
national development.
devel
aims to establish
excellence in research and teaching,
to provide academic services to
communities, ties, and to take an active
role in the preservation of national
President of Rajamangala heritage
Universityof of and
arts Technology
culture. Krungthep
At PSU, we really emphasize on the arts and culture as an important factor for
development and for bringing our university towards international excellence. PSU
promotes
omotes cultural researches, creations and activities, as well as the dissemination of
knowledge, creates a source of cultural learning and a database of cultural information
systems, and promotes the strength of the community based on cultural knowledge. This T
has also included promoting researches related cultural wisdom towards creative
economics in which one of the main purposes of AEC.
On behalf of Prince of Songkla University, we would like to thank to Thailand
University Arts and Culture Network for being a great success with the good
cooperation. I wish this work accomplished in all respects.
Assoc. Prof. Dr.ChusakLimsaku

ChusakLimsakul)
President of Prince of Songkla University






10 1dnalFebruary
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagInternational
namajaR 810Conference
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology 2 ,71-51 yraon
Suvarnabhumi, urArts
beF & Cultures in Creative Economy
Thailand

KAMPHAENGPHET RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Message from pthe
ehtPresident
gnurK ygoofloKhamphaengPhet
Khamphaeng Rajabhat
nhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamUniversity
ajaR
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KKamphaengPhet

TUMR  has a long history of more
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehthan T .ais660years.
A ni ytisThe revinprosperity
u of this great city can
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempobe levedated
d eht back
no detosucDvaravati
of Kingdom. Within the
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht svicinity
mulucirrof ucthecimold
edatown
ca of KPP, it was evident that
hcraeser eht detomorp osla ancient evah eW cities
.sdrincluding
adnats Chakangrao, Nakonchum,
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedaTritrueng,
ca eht ,tneKhontee,
mpoleved and Tepnakorn had thrived
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavrealong
serp ehwith
t dna ,the
stpecmain
noc city. The significance of
ogeht rednU was so obvious to the rulers of the
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevKamphaengPhet
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eSiamht sezisKingdom
ahpme tahthat t 0.4 in 1916KamphengPhet was
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsofgiven ot the
noitstatus
avonnof i province.
dna
yltnerruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dnThe a ytirsolid
epsorp proof of how prosperous
dna lanoitacude evitaerc eht Kamphaengphet
poleved ot derawas perpin the past is KamphaengPhet
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe othistorical
dna smetparksys gwhich
ninraelstands right in the heart of the
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigmodern olonhcetcity.
evitaThe
vonnpark
i fo sits on the east bank
b of the
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitriver lucnoPing,
ecnaantropideal
mi dlocation
ecalp for both economic and self- self
defence aspects.
.tnempoItleviseddivided
lanoitaninto
eht rtwo
ofsetseparate
audarg tnsites.The
eiciforp palace site is believed to
include the palace and temples where royal family and high rank officers performed
their activities. Therefore,
herefore, within the area of 503 Rais, we can see ruins of important
temples and the spot believed to be the place where palace was built. The Aranyiksite
covering the area of 1611 Raishousestemples
Raishouse
ianitiNtstemples
ikuS.rD and places of worship for town people to
performpehtheir
tgnureligious
rKligious
ygolonactivities.
hceT foytConsidered
isrevinU alaas gnone
amajofaRthefo most
tnedisimportant
erP historical and
archaeological sites, Kampheangphet historical park was registered a world heritage site
by UNESCO as on 12th December 1995 along with its neighboring ancient cities of
Sukhothai andd Srisatchanalai.
KamphaengPhet, KamphaengPhet Rajabhat University, as the leading higher
educational institute has set, as one of the core missions,its commitment on conserving
and maintaining the greatness of this world heritage as well as the art works, works cultures,
and wisdoms that are unique to the people of Kamphaengphet. To run the mission, the
department of Art and Culturewas founded. A number of projects which aim at
conserving, publicizing,, and art works, cultural heritages, and local wisdomshave been be
launched so far. One of the most successful projects is the creation of a performing art
called ‘Chakangrao Dance’. The moves are the representations of the different buddha
image postures displayed in the National museum of KamphaengPhet. Costumes that
the Chakangrao dance artists wear is also based on the dressing style of god and
goddess statues found in KamphaengPhet. The music the performers dance to also has
its own unique. After a long period of creating and developing with helps from experts,
the dance finally gains popularity and acceptance nationally and internationally.
Assistant Professor Suwit Wongboonmak)

President, KamphaengPhet Rajabhat University
RAJAMANGALA
Message UNIVERSITY
from the President of
OF TECHNOLOGY SUVARNABHUMI (RUS)
Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
Message
 from
RMUTK the President
aims to be a creative technology
Rajamangala University of Technology
university in Asia. TheSuvarnabhumi
university has (RUS)accordingly
focused on the development of our personnel and
Rajamangala
academic curriculums that University of Technology
align to international
Suvarnabhumi upholds its
standards. We have also promoted the research vision to be a
leading university
development, the academic ic services with creativeand
in professionalism
concepts,technology for the community,
and the preservation of arts andsociety,
culture. nation
Under thegovernment’s vision of preservation
and the world. It advocates on the Thailand
of arts and the
4.0 that emphasizes culture
use ofas technology,
well as sustainability
creativity, of
the environment
and innovation to foster which is the university’s
national development,firm
th
prosperitymission
and stated in the 4 we
sustainability, strategic issue of its
are currently
preparedstrategic plan.theThe
to develop resource
creative center forandarts,
educational
learning culture
systemsand
and toenvironment,
equip students the with
RUSthecultural
use
exhibition
ition venue, and the
of innovative technologies of knowledge. We learning center
haveare
established oncultivating
placed importance to educate and raise cultural
accomplished andand
proficient environmental
graduatesfor the awareness of the students,
devel
faculty and staff. Moreover, the integration of
arts and culture in the classroom is also
emphasized.
This international conference
Dr.SukitNitinai confe is a great
opportunity to presentPresident
the potential of Thailand University
of Rajamangala Universityof Arts and Cultural
of Technology Krungthep Network.
This network also leads to promote, support and provide the academic and research
exchange to contribute to new knowledge and innovations including providing prov
academic services for the societies and communities. In addition, this can lead to further
development of the center for organizing activities as well as exchanging knowledge
and culture both nationally and internationally.
On behalf of Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, I am very
honored and pleased to be the host of the 8th International Conference on Arts and
Cultures (2018): World Heritage-Intangible
Heritage Intangible Culture to Creative Economy. I would like
to take this opportunity to thank the executives and staff of Thailand University of Arts
and Culture Network, luminaries, academics as well as researchers for your
cooperation. I wish this conference will lead us to further manage cultural capital and
ultimately lead to enhance the quality of life and economy substantially.
 


(Asst.Prof.PaisalBurinwatthana)
President Rajamangala University
niversity of Technology
Suvarnabhumi
12 1dnalFebruary
Suvarnabhumi, urbArts
eF & Cultures in Creative Economy
Thailand

SURATTHANI RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
pehtgthe
Message Form nurPresident
K ygolonhofceT fo ytisrevRajabhat
Suratthani inU alagnaUniversity
majaR
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMRSuratthani Rajabhat University as a

ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisAhigher ni ytisreducational
evinu institution for local
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempoleved edevelopmentht no desucofplays a significant role to
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smulucistrengthen
rruc cimedthe acaPower of the Land in order to
hcraeser eht detomorp osla evah provide eW .sdrstability
adnats and sustainability in creating
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedaca ehtcommunity ,tnempolevand ed society prosperity. Because of
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserp ehrapid
t dna ,schanges
tpecnoc in economics, society and
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht technology,
rednU communities have had to t face
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sezispressures
ahpme taand ht 0.4risks. As a result, the university as
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot naoicommunity tavonni dnleader
a must realize and collaborate
yltnerruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dwith na the
ytircommunities
epsorp in order to drive them to a
dna lanoitacude evitaerc eht polevehappy d ot deself-adjustment.
raperp Surathani Rajabhat
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna sm etsys gninsignificantly
University rael pursues policies and
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcecommitmentst evitavonni fto o establish partnerships with the
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnacommunities.
tropmi decalpIn addition, we in tegrate
.tnempoleved lanoitan eht rofsetresearch,
audarg tnearts
iciforand
p cultural preservation, and
academic services into all aspects of the
development in the context of the local community. Under the integration of the above -
mentioned
oned three missions, it can lead to creative changes both at present and in the future as
well as to build capacity underithe
anitconcept
iNtikuSof
.rDthe
 University as the true Power of the Land.
pehtHaving
gnurK yparticipated
golonhceT in foythe
tisrThailand
evinU alaUniversity
gnamajaRArt fo tand
nediCulture
serP Network over the
past two years, Suratthani Rajabhat University has gained an opportunity to exchange
knowledge, ideas and open a platform for cultural researchers to contribute towards the local
development. Suratthani Rajabhat University is more than ready to share share the ideas and work
with the network to continuously promote efficiency and quality.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. ChusakEkpetch

Acting President, SuratthaniRajabhat University
February International
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala Conference
University
University on Arts &
ofofTechnology
Technology Cultures in Creative
Suvarnabhumi,
Suvarnabhumi, Thailand
Thailand 13
15
Economy

PHUKET RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Message
Rajamangalathe
from President
University ofof Phuket Rajabhat
Technology University
Krungthep

 RMUTK
On thisaims to beit is
occasion, a my
creative technology
pleasure to express
a heartfelt message to give an overview of Phuket
focused on the
Rajabhat development
University’s of ourof personnel
vision and
our university
responsive to the needsthat ofalign to international
the community and to
standards. We have also promoted
raise the university’s quality and awareness the research
awarene to a
development, the academic
level of excellence inic preserving
services with the creative
Arts and
concepts, and the preservation
Culture in Creative Economy. of arts and culture.
Under
We thegovernment’s
create, develop and visiondistribute
of Thailandvaried
4.0bodies
that emphasizes the use of technology,
of knowledge and sustain local wisdom andcreativity,
andThai
innovation to foster
arts and culture national
as well as thedevelopment,
Thai traditions
integrated in our every day’s life are currently
wein Phuket.
prepared toHitherto
develop Phuket
the creative
Rajabhateducational
Universityandhas
learning
carriedsystems
out many andactivities
to equipes tostudents with the
build cultural use
networks
of with
innovative technologies of knowledge. We
other universities and organizations in the areas have
placed importance
of languages oncultivating
and tourism accomplished
attributes. We encourage andour
proficient graduatesfor the national devel
development.
students to participate in various language and cultural activities in order to broaden
cultura best practice.
their views for their cultural
Furthermore, undeniably, culture and creativity have been the cement that
binds together not only hearts and souls, but entire societies and nations. Phuket
Rajabhat University has always been very fond Dr.SukitNitinai
of Arts and Culture by preserving and a
President
promoting our Thai culture as aofwhole
Rajamangala Universityof
and the various of Technology
manifestations Krungthep
minority cultures
in southern Thailand.
In so doing, on behalf of Phuket Rajabhat University, I would also like to have
my say to reflect on our Arts and Culture in Creative Economy regarding how to
preserve our arts, culture and traditions as follows:
Firstly, we are to learn more about religious traditions.
Secondly, we should learn to speak our ancestral language.
Thirdly let us share our arts and culture through new technology by publishing
on the social media.And finally we need to spend more time with other members of the
community as well in order to get more integrated and well trusted and learned for
mutual benefits of promoting our well preserved arts and culture to the eyes ey of the
global community.
In closing, I hope that this message ultimately inspires those who give an air of
importance on Arts and Culture in Creative Economy to help promote and preserve such
matter with sustainability.
(Asst. Prof. Dr. OrataiKrutuuaysho)

Krutuuaysho)
Acting President of Phuket Rajabhat University
14 1dnalFebruary
Suvarnabhumi, urbArts
eF & Cultures in Creative Economy
Thailand

PHRANAKHON SI AYUTTHAYA RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Message from the pPresident
ehtgnurKofygPhranakhon
olonhceT fo Si
ytiAyutthaya
srevinU alaRajabhat
gnamajaRUniversity
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR Phranakhon  Si Ayutthaya was the

ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT ancient .aisA ncapital
i ytisrevcityinu which historically continuous
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempolefor ved eaht long
no destime.
ucof Since KingRamathibodi I
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smestablished
ulucirruc cithe medkingdom
aca in 1350 until 2018, 668
hcraeser eht detomorp osla eyears vah ehave
W .spassed.
dradnatsPhranakhon Si Ayutthaya area
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedacis a eprosperous
ht ,tnempoof levnatural
ed resource called “the food
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreselander
rp eht dofnathe
,stpcountry”.
ecnoc The wealth of arts, cultures
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevoand gehtlocal
rednU wisdom have been perpetuated since the
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu ehtancient
sezisahptimes.
me tahApparent
t 0.4 and admirable from the
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof global ot noitsight,
avonni the dnaUnited Nations Educational,
yltnerruc era ew ,ytilibaniaScientific
tsus dna and ytirCultural
epsorp Organization or UNESCO
dna laPhranakhon
concluded noitacude evSiitaeAyutthaya
rc eht polto evebe
d oat historical
deraperp site as the UNESCO World
Heritage
esu eSite
ht hin
tiwDecember
stneduts p13,1991.
iuqe ot dna smetsys gninrael
evahPhranakhon
eW .egdelwSionAyutthaya
k fo seigois lonone
hcetofevthe
itavworld’s historicalcityand become high
onni fo historicalcity
valuable
dna memorandumheritage
dehsilpmoccaheritage
gnitavitlfor
ucnmankind.
o ecnatropAs mithe dechistorical,
alp art and cultural studies
site accepted.tnein
mpacademic.
oleved lanoThe
itanrich
eht rof
ofsarchaeological
etaudarg tneiciplacesforp attract tourists around the
world, travel to see beautiful historical dwellings, to see local people way of life which
progress from multicultural society derive from the past. The various vario ethnic groups
settling down within their community, eventually building houses and conducting
trading around the Phranakhon ianitiSi
NtikAyutthaya
uS.rD city island and this is the important
mechanics
pehtgto
nurinherit
K ygolboth
onhcofeThistorical
foytisreviand
nU acultural
lagnamwisdom
ajaR fo ttrough
nedisertoday.
P
Phranakhon
anakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University realize the important of
traditional and cultural sustainable in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya World Heritage Site.
Assignment to Ayutthaya Studies Institute, the main sector to study, research, conserve
and support art andd cultural. Consist of support the study of local wisdom and cultural
tourism. The aim is to develop the institute as a learning center for cultural tourism
under the context of the World Heritage Site, and support the production of graduates
that possess knowledge and morality, and the appreciation of all that is Thai. Also, it
promotes Thai arts and culture in order to increase awareness and have pride of Thai
cultural values for sustainable develop community tracing from The King’s Philosophy.
Congratulationss to Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumias the
host on the 8th International Conference of Thailand University Art and Cultural
Network in 2018. I extremely hope that the collaboration of Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya
Rajabhat University can stimulate
stimulate lecturer, researcher, academician, students and people
appreciate in art and cultural. Comprise of the progressive of academic project from
local wisdom, art and cultural knowledgecreativity
knowledge in the future.
Mr. KasemeBumrungveth (Ph.D.)

President of Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University
Conference on Arts Suvarnabhumi, 15
ThailandEconomy
& Cultures in Creative

RajamangalaMessage from
University the PresidentKrungthep
of Technology of
university
 RMUTK
in Asia. aims to be a creative
The university technology
has accordingly
university
focused on thein development
Asia. The university has accordingly
of our personnel and
focused curriculums
academic on the development
that alignof to ourinternational
personnel and
academicWecurriculums
standards. have also that align to
promoted the international
research
standards. We
development, have also
the academic promoted
ic services withthecreative
research
development,
concepts, the academic
and the preservation icof services with creative
arts and culture.
concepts,
Under andthegovernment’s
the preservation vision
of arts and culture.
of Thailand
4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology,visioncreativity,
of Thailand
and4.0innovation
that emphasizes the usenational
to foster of technology, creativity,
development,
and innovation
prosperity to foster national
and sustainability, we are development,
currently
prosperity
prepared and sustainability,
to develop we are currently
the creative educational and
prepared
learning to develop
systems the creative
and to equip studentseducational
with the useand
of learning
innovative systems and to equip
technologies students with
of knowledge. the use
We have
of innovative
placed importancetechnologies
oncultivating of knowledge.
accomplished Weandhave
placedgraduatesfor
proficient importancethe oncultivating
develaccomplished and
proficient graduatesfor the national development.
devel
President of Rajamangala Dr.SukitNitinai
Universityof
President of Rajamangala Universityof
UNIVERSITY
BACKGROUNDS
International Conference ononArts
Arts&&Cultures
Cultures in
in Creative Economy
International Conference Creative Economy


academic curriculums that align to international
standards. We have also promoted the research
development, the academic ic services with creative
concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
and innovation to foster national development,
prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
prepared to develop the creative educational and
of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
placed importance oncultivating accomplished and
devel
President THAMMATHIRAT
SUKHOTHAI of Rajamangala Universityof
OPEN UNIVERSITY
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University
Chaengwattana Rd. Bangpood, Pakkret Nonthaburi 11120 Thailand
Tel: (66) 2 504 7777; 2 504 7171-6 (International Affairs)
Fax: (66) 2 503 3607; 2 503 3556 (International Affairs)
InternationalUniversity
Conferenceof
onTechnology Suvarnabhumi,
Arts & Cultures Thailand 21
in Creative Economy

SUKHOTHAI THAMMATHIRAT OPEN UNIVERSITY
Message
Sukhothai Thammathirat Openfrom the President of
University
Vision

Sukhothai Thammathirat RMUTK
Open aims (STOU)
University to be aaims
creative
at beingtechnology
a leading
university
world-class open university that in Asia.
employs distance The university
education has accordingly
to make lifelong education
available to all. focused on the development of our personnel and
devel
Mission
STOU, as an open university that adheres to the principle of lifelong
education, aims to develop the quality of life of the general public, enhance the
academic standing of professionals and expand opportunities for further education for
Presidentsecondary
those who have completed of Rajamangala Universityof
school, in of Technology
accordance with the needsKrungthep
of people
and society. Through a distance learning system, which uses printed materials, radio,
television and other media, STOU students are able to study by themselves, without
having to enter conventional classrooms.
Background
STOU is an institution of higher education that was stared with as outlook
to expand and make opportunities in higher education widely available to the people of
Thailand so they might use limited resources for the greatest possible benefit. In
keeping with these principles, the Thai government established STOU to be a different
kind of university-one with an open system of learning in which teaching is carried out
using a distance education method. On 5 September 1981, His Majesty King Bhumibol
Adulyadej (Kin Rama IX) graciously bestowed the name “Sukhothai Tammathirat
Open University” in honor of a title once held by King Prajadhipok (King Rama VII),
and officially established STOU by royal charter.
International Conference on Arts & Cultures International
in Creative Economy
22 1dnalFebruary
Conference on Arts & Cultures in Creative Economy
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygoFebruary
lonhceT15-17,
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala fo ytis2018
revinRajamangala
University jaR 8102 ,of
ofU Technology
alagnamaUniversity 71Technology
-51 yraurbeSuvarnabhumi,
Suvarnabhumi, F
Thailand Thailand 22

pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR

ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
hcraeser eht detomorp osla evah eW .sdradnats
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserp eht dna ,stpecnoc
dnaalstate
As iahTuniversity,
fo noisivSTOU
s’tnem
hasnrthe
evoauthority
geht redto nUaward degrees and certificates with the
,ytivrights
same itaercand
,ygoprivileges
lonhcet fas
o ethose
su ehoft sother
ezisastate
hpmuniversities.
e taht 0.4
,tnempoleSymbols
University ved lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna
dna lanoitacude evitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys gninrael
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
.tnempoleved lanoitan eht rofsetaudarg tneiciforp
ianitiNtikuS.rD
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnediserP
Crest :
The university crest features three arrows placed horizontally beneath a
crown framed by the pinnacle of a cone-shaped stupa. The three arrows are taken from
the official seal of king Rama VII, while the stupa is the symbol of the ancient kingdom
of Sukhothai. His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, granted permission for the
symbol to be used as the university’s official crest.
Colors :
Green and gold. Green is the traditional color for Wednesday, the day of
King Rama VII’s birth ; gold is the color of good fortune.
Arts&&Cultures
Cultures in
in Creative Economy


Tree : development, the academic ic services with creative
“Parichat” (Erythrina variegate). The leaves are green of arts
andand culture.
gold, like the
official university colors. Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
Teaching and Learning 4.0 System
that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
STOU has developed and ainnovation to foster media
range of educational national development,
that supports self-
directed study so that studentsprosperity and on
are able to study sustainability, we having
their own without are currently
to enter
conventional classrooms. The prepared to develop
main media the creative
are educational educational
documents, books andand
workbooks mailed to the students Supplementary media include CDs, tapes,
learning systems and to equip students with the usetelevision
and radio programs, Internet-based tools and other audiovisual aids. Students are able
to attend tutorial sessions at educational service centers and study independently at
different libraries as well as STOU Corners of public libraries in every province. Also,
proficient
some courses may require students to gain graduatesfor
practical the national
laboratory or development.
devel
work experience in
places assigned by STOU
Study Programs
STOU offers seven different program types :
1. Doctoral degree Dr.SukitNitinai
2. Master’s Degree of Technology Krungthep
3. Graduate Diploma
4. Bachelor’s degree (4 years)
5. Bachelor’s degree (2- or 3- year continuing programs)
6. Certificate
6.1 Certificate of Achievement
6.2 Graduate Certificate of Achievement
International Projects and Cooperation
STOU was the first open university in Thailand to use a system of distance
learning, and was recognized by UNESCO as a leading institution for distance
education in Asia and the Pacific at the Consortium on Innovation in Higher Education
in 1982.
STOU has pursued international cooperation with the following institutions
and organizations in order to exchange experiences and knowledge pertaining to
distance education : Stuttgart Media University, Deutsche Welle, Group T-International
University College Leuven, University of Akron, University of Minnesota, Yunnan
Radio and TV University, UNESCO, SEAMEO and many others.
24 1dnalFebruary
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygolonhceT fo ytisrevInternational ajaR 8102on,7Arts
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala UniversityinofU Technology
alagnam
Conference 1-51&yCultures
Suvarnabhumi, raurbeF in Creative Economy
Thailand
PAwards
EHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
STOU was awarded the Asian Management Award by the Asian Institute of
Management in the category of fdevelopment
o tnediserPmanagement.
eht morf egaThis
sseMaward is presented to
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnam(Hong
non-profit organizations or companies from six different countries ajaR Kong,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) that have demonstrated
effective management principles.
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht rednU
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
STOU was presented the Award of Excellence by the International Council
for Distance Education and the Commonwealth of Learning in the Excellence of
esu eht Education
Distance htiw stneManagement
duts piuqe ocategory.t dna smeSTOU tsys gnwas inrathe el sole recipient of the award
e va h e W .e g de lw o n k f o s e ig o l o n
among nominated institutions from 79 countries. The award hc e t e v i ta v o n n i f o expanding educational
d n a de h s i l p m oc ca g n i ta v i t l uc n o e c n
opportunities, developing instructional techniques in distancea tr o p m i d e c a l p education and developing
distance.teducation
nempolevatedregional lanoitaand n ehinternational
t rofsetaudalevels. rg tneiciforp
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala UniversityonofArts
International Conference & CulturesSuvarnabhumi,
Technology Thailand15
in Creative Economy


devel
PHRANAKHON
President RAJABHAT
of Rajamangala UNIVERSITY
Universityof
Phranakhon Rajabhat University
9 Changwattana Road, Bangkhen Bangkok,Thailand 10220
Tel : (662) 544-8000
in Creative Economy
RAJAMANGALAPHRANAKHON
UNIVERSITY RAJABHAT
OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
UNIVERSITY
Pranakhon RajabhatMessage
Universityfrom the President of

Phranakhon Rajabhat Universityprosperity and first
was Thailand’s sustainability, we school,
teachers’ training are currently
founded
by King Chulalongkorn (Kingprepared
Rama theto develop
Fifth) of the the creative
present Chakrieducational and
Dynasty. It was
officially opened on October 12, 1892, with the primary goal of producing teachers for
primary schools. Eleven years of
later, the curriculum
innovative expanded of
technologies in response to theWe
knowledge. demand
have
for secondary school teachers. As the college flourished, it spread to many locations
and underwent many name- changes. Finally, in 1956, the then Phranakhon
devel
Teachers’College was moved to the present location, on Changwattana Road, Bangkhen
District, Bangkok.
Not until 1974 was the degree program approved by the Ministry of Education,
initially only in the field of education. ADr.SukitNitinai
year later marked further major changes.
Phranakhon Teachers’President of Rajamangala Universityof
College and five other teachers’ofcolleges
Technology
in theKrungthep
Bangkok
Metropolis agreed to cooperate in educational development and policy-planning and
shared the common name of “Rattanakosin United College.” In the following year,
Phranakhon underwent further expansion and offered associate degree as well as
Bachelor’s degrees in arts and science, in addition to the existing Bachelor of Education
degrees.
The year 1992 marked the Centennial Anniversary for Phranakhon Teachers’
College. His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, the present King Rama the Tenth,
graciously bestowed the name “Rajabhat,” meaning the “man of the King, servant of
the motherland.” Therefore, from 12 October of that year on, Phranakhon was known as
“Rajabhat Institute Phranakhon.” In addition, His Majesty granted permission to use his
Royal Emblem as the symbol of the institute.
On June 15, 2004, Rajabhat Institute Phranakhon underwent another major

change. Under the Rajabhat University Act B.E. 2547(2004), the institute became
Phranakhon Rajabhat University, “A Thai university for academic freedom of the
people.”
Arts&&Cultures
Cultures in
in Creative Economy


devel
President ofBARNI
RAMBHAI Rajamangala Universityof
RAJABHAT of Technology Krungthep
UNIVERSITY
Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University (RBRU)
41 M.5 Tachang, Muang, Chanthaburi 22000
Telephone: (66) 039 471053, FAX: (66) 039 471053
E-mail: international@rbru.ac.th
Website: http://www.rbru.ac.th
Conferenceof
in Creative Economy

RAMBHAI BARNI RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Rambhai Rajamangala
Barni RajabhatUniversity
University of Technology Krungthep
The Blue represents His Majesty the King, King Bhumibhol Adulyadej or King
Rama IX, who kindly gave the prestigious name ‘Rajabhat’ to all the former state
university in Asia.
Teachers Colleges across Thailand. ‘Rajabhat’ ThemeanstheKing’sMen.
literally university has accordingly
The Green represents theacademic
locations ofcurriculums that align which
all Rajabhat Universites to international
are situated
in natural environments. standards. We have also promoted the research
The Gold represents the wisdom and success of all the Rajabhat of arts and culture.
students, staff
and lecturers. Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
andproliferation
The Orange represents the innovation to foster
of local national
art, culture, development,
and folk knowledge
at all Rajabhat Universities. prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
The White represents thelearning systems
pure thoughts andMajesty
of His to equip the students
King’s Wisewith the use
Men.
devel
University Colors : Green and Pink

Green : Growth represents the development of the mind. It is for Wednesday -
H. M. King Prajadhipok’s birthday.
Pink : Kindness and Courtesy represent the most important elements of the
teachers’ ethics. It is for Tuesday - H. M. Queen Rambhai Barni’s birthday.
32 1dnalFebruary
alagnam 1-51&yCultures
Suvarnabhumi,
Conference raurbeF in Creative Economy
Thailand


A WELCOME MESSAGE
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht seFROMzisahpme taht 0.4
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsoTHE f ot PRESIDENT
noitavonni dna
dna lanRambhai
oitacudeBarni
evitaRajabhat
erc eht University
poleved isot andehonorable
raperp and precious institute as
esumain
the eht campus
htiw stnwas
eduthe
ts pprivate
iuqe oresidence
t dna smeoftsHer
ys gMajesty
ninrael Queen Rambhai Barni, the
evah of
Queen eW .egPrajadhipok
King delwonk foorseKingigoloRama
nhcetVII.
eviThe
tavoQueen
nni fogenerously donated her own
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalto
residence to Thailand’s Ministry of Education in 1972 p establish an institution of
higher education
.tnempoleved lanoitan eht rofsetaudarg tneiciforpBarni Rajabhat University
in the eastern Thailand which is Rambhai
nowadays.
Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University’s Vision “Wisdom of East Leads to
Internationalization” For many years until now, the University has produced efficient
graduates and provides courses for Bachelor’s degree, Master’s degree and Doctor of
Philosophy. Also, we highlyifocus
anitiNontikmaking
uS.rDefficient graduates under development for
pehtgnof
demands urKtheyglocal hceT foytisand
oloncommunity revinational.
nU alagnDeveloping
amajaR fothetnelocal
disercommunity
P is our
first priority that focus on the University provides encouragement and motivation to
teachers, researchers, students and university’s staffs to show the potential of
knowledge and abilities in academic, technology and Innovation including,
international and national research .Also, Creating network of International academic
with Arts ,Cultures and Local wisdom concurrently for developing to
Internationalization under the collaboration with organizations that will bring the
University to Standard of Education Management in many parts for acceptation and
create reliability in academic with local for sustainability.
I believe “The 8th International Conference of Thailand University Arts and
Culture Network World Heritage: Intangible Culture to Creative Economy “in this time
will bring benefits to us indeedly.
(Assistant Professor Waigoon Thongaram)

Acting President Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University
in Creative Economy

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT


The main campus was formerly Suan Ban Kaew Palace, the personal residence
of Her Majesty Queen Rambhai Barni, the Queen of King Prajadhipok or King Rama
and passed
VII. After H.M. King Prajadhipok innovation to foster
away, H.M. nationalBarni
Queen Rambhai development,
lived here
prosperity and sustainability, we
from June 1950 to June 1972 with the strong desire to developing this region are currently
of the
prepared to develop the creative educational
country. With her sharp vision for the nation’s development, particularly educating the and
learning
people of the nation, the Queen systems
graciously and her
donated to equip students towith
own residence the use
Thailand’s
Ministry of Education in 1972of toinnovative technologies
establish an institution ofofhigher
knowledge. Weinhave
education the
placedthen
eastern Thailand. The aging Queen importance
took up heroncultivating accomplished
permanent residence and
at Sukhothai
proficient
Palace in Bangkok. Chantaburi Teachers graduatesfor
Collegewas the national
therefore devel at Suan Ban
development.
established
Kaew Palace in 1972. The Queen kindly permitted the college to use H.M. King
Prajadhipok’s royal insignia, ‘Sakdidej’ as the first college emblem for which all
lecturers, staff, and students are deeply grateful. Later in 1985, Rambhai Barni College,
with permission of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, replaced the former name in
commemoration of H.M. Queen Rambhai Barni. Dr.SukitNitinai
This is because Chanthaburi residents
wanted to show theirPresident
deepestofappreciation,
gratefulness, of Technology
and loyalty to theKrungthep
late Queen
who had acted for them in a myriad of benevolent ways. In 1995, H.M. King Bhumibol
Adulyadej kindly renamed all state Teachers Colleges across Thailand to ‘ Rajabhat
Institutes’ and upgraded their status and rights to those of universities. Rambhai Barni
College was then changed to Rajabhat Institute Rambhaibharni. Finally on June 15,
2004, the official name was changed to Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University. Lecturers,
staff and students are proud of our long and prestigious history as well as our tradition
of excellence in academic growth.
34 1dnalFebruary
Suvarnabhumi,
Thailand


dnaliahDuring
T fo ntheoisitime
v s’tnH.M.
emnQueen
revogeRambhai
ht rednUBarni lived in Chanthaburi, the Queen
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sezisofahpChanthaburi
worked for the benefit and well-being me taht 0.4residents. Some of Queen
Rambhai
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot noitavdemonstration
Barni’s projects included initiating onni dna plots for local orchards,
improving poultry and cattle raising, developing new technology for dyeing reed,
diversifying the weaving of reed-mats as the province’s major craft, developing a golf
dna laand
course, noitfounding
acude eva ilocal
taerc hospital.
eht polChanthaburi
eved ot dewas rapefortunate
rp to have H.M. Queen
esu eht hBarni
Rambhai tiw stwhose
nedutsmagnanimity
piuqe ot dnaand smwisdom
etsys gnupheld
inrael the quality of life of all
evah eW .residents.
Chanthaburi egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
dna dRambhai
ehsilpmoBarni
cca gRajabhat
nitavitlucUniversity
no ecnatrocontinues
pmi decto alpappreciate the late Queen’s
.tneminpodeveloping
benevolence leved lanotheitannation.
eht roWe
fsetafollow
udargintnher
eicifootsteps,
forp honor Her vision and
have made Her vision a reality. We have achieved our goal of rapid academic
development. Originally, Chanthaburi Teachers College offered certificates and basic
degrees in the various areas of Education. Even though we built our reputation with our
professionally oriented Teacher Education, Rambhai Barni College soon offered other
professional disciplines in addition to education.
pehtgNow,
nurKwith
ygolover
onhcthree ytisreviexperience,
eT fodecade nU alagnam ajaR fo tnediserP
Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University
offers programs in most disciplines at a variety of levels of education. Our original
areas of responsibility for educating and training people designated by The Ministry of
Education include Chanthaburi, Rayong, and Trat provinces which are all on the east
coast of Thailand. Later students from other regions across Thailand and overseas
students recognized our reputation together with the charms and attractions of the
region and this has resulted in an increased number of students choosing Rambhai Barni
Rajabhat University as their preferred place of study.
in Creative Economy


concepts,
In addition to our academic and the
strength, the main
preservation
campus hasof arts
also and
beenculture.
improved
to create a unique environment for learning. Beautiful scenery and landscapes enhance
the pleasant atmosphere of 4.0 the that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
campus. The Queen’s old golf course has been
developed into one of the best in the east. The golf course also adds
and innovation to foster national development, to the campus
beauty. The natural forest on campus has been conserved for wildlife and plant genetic
conservation studies so there are plenty of trees around. Moreover, orchards on campus
offer peace and tranquility forprepared to develop
the students theAtcreative
and staff. Rambhaieducational
Barni Rajabhatand
University, one can enjoy thelearning
charm of systems and to past,
a prestigious equipunspoiled
studentsbeauty,
with theanduse
a
of innovative
pollution free campus. The location is uniquetechnologies ofwith
and attractive knowledge. Wetohave
easy access the
placed
spectacular sights along the East importance
Coast: Chanthaburi,oncultivating
Rayong, Trat,accomplished
Koh Chang, Koh and
proficient
Samet, and Pattaya - the world graduatesfor
famous resort the national
city- to name a few. development.
devel
UR LOCATION
The main campus is located in Muang District, Chanthaburi on a 150-acre site,

just ten minutes’ drive from the city center. Located on the East Coast, we have easy
access to many world famous tourist attractions. In addition, the main campus at
Chanthaburi is very close to the Thai-Cambodian border, the door to Indo-China. It is
one of the most beautiful campuses in Thailand with distinctive landscapes, scenery and
buildings. It is indeed a pleasant campus with a combination of traditional and modern
culture. We are very fortunate that our university is geographically located in an area
with some of the richest natural resources of Thailand. Chanthaburi is world famous for
gemstones. Blue sapphires, yellow sapphires, star sapphires, and rubies are all found
locally in Chantaburi. The local gemstones are beautiful and they are also prized for
their strength. The gemstone market, downtown on Gem Street, is a very busy market,
36 1dnalFebruary
Suvarnabhumi,
Thailand
PEbuyers
attracting HTGNand URsellers
K YGO LON
from HCET
around theFO YTISBorai
world. REVdistrict,
INU ALinAG NAMTrat
nearby AJAR
province, is also world famous for gems, especially rubiesRayong province, another
neighbor of Chanthaburi, is known fo tnefor
diseits
rPindustrial
eht morfbase.
egassIteM
is home to much of
Thailand’s petroleumpehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alaglarge
industry. Overseas investors have opened namafactories
jaR and
other business enterprises here.
yltnerrFurthermore,
uc era ewChanthaburi, ,ytilibaniaRayong,
tsus dnand a Trat
ytireserve
psorpas ideal locations for tropical
d na la n o i tac u de e v i taerc e h t p o le v e d
studies on fruits, plants, fisheries, and so forth. Having o t de rapeclose
rp links to industry and the
esu eht htiwthestnuniversity
communities, eduts piucan qe oprovide
t dna sour metlecturers
sys gninandraelstudents with a broad range
ofevcomprehensive
ah eW .egdelwstudies onk foassewelligoloas nhcnatural
et evitlaboratories
avonni fo and other settings to do
dna dein.
research hsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
in Creative Economy


devel
Muang District, Kanchanaburi, Thailand 7100
Tel: +66 34 633227-30 Fax: +66 34 633225
Email: admin@mail.kru.ac.th
Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University

Kanchanaburi Rajabhat andUniversity,
innovationKRU,to isfoster national
a public development,
university under the
Commission on Higher Education, prosperity andof Education.
Ministry sustainability,It is we are in currently
located the city
suburb of Kanchanaburi province,prepared
which to develop
is best knownthe creative
as the educational
site of the world famousand
Bridge over the River Kwai and learning systems and to equip students with the use
the Death Railway built during the Second World War.
The province is also noted for ofits innovative
scenic splendor and outdoorofrecreational
technologies knowledge. activities
We havefor
nature-loving tourists, just 136 kilometers to the west of Bangkok.
Surrounded by a lot of impressive tourist attractions, KRU campus itself is
recognized as a perfect learning resortgraduatesfor
proficient the national
with the combination devel cultural and
development.
of natural,
historical ambience which provides valuable academic learning resources. The
University prides itself in having educated its students to become graduates in the field
of teacher education as well as other professionals who serve in many sectors in its own
locality as well as the country as a whole Dr.SukitNitinai
Since its President of Rajamangala
establishment Universityof
in 1973 as a teacher of Technology
college, Krungthep
KRU has been through
various significant stages of development as follows : 1976 started its teaching in a
teacher education program leading to a Lower Certificate of Education
1978 offered a teacher education Program leading to a Higher Certificate of
Education.
1980 began to offer a bachelor's degree in education.
1995 being upgraded to university status as "Rajabhat Institute Kanchanaburi"
by a grant of the Rajabhat Institute Act 1995
1998 began to offer a Master Program in Educational Management
2004 being legitimated by the Rajabhat University Act 2004, the Institute
became "Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University"
2007 started its international cooperation with higher education institutes in
Guangxi, People Republic of China, about 300 students attended one year-certificate
program in Thai Language for Foreigners
2010 began to offer a doctoral degree in Administration for Educational
Development
Philosophy
Higher education for local development to reinforce national wisdom
Pision
KRU envisions itself as a leading higher education institute in the western
region of the country. It aims for the excellence in local development based on the
40 1dnalFebruary
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR 8102 ,71-51 yraurbeF
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand

Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy. The University also plays an important role in
producing qualified graduates and highly capable knowledge-workers to serve the
country as well as the ASEAN Community. fo tnediserP eht morf egasseM
Mission pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
1. To generate graduates with knowledge and conscience, competence in
ygolonhskills,
practical cet evcommunication
itaerc a eb otand sminformation
ia KTUMRtechnology skills, consciousness on
ylgnnationality
Thai idrocca saand h yculture,
tisrevinlove
u ehandT .attachment
aisA ni ytwith isrevlocality,
inu
dna lenno2.sreTo p ruconduct
o fo tneresearch
mpoleveand d ehinitiate
t no deinnovations
sucof in compliance with
instructional process, academic services,
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smulucirruc cimedaca and the promotion of arts and culture,
3. To provide academic services for empowering the communities through
the practice of Sufficiency Economy Philosophy,
evitaerc h4.tiwTospreserve, imedacacreate
ecivres cmaintain, eht ,cultural
tnempocapitals
leved and promote local wisdom
leading to value-added to the living of local people. cnoc
.e r u t l uc d na s tr a f o n o i ta vre ser p e h t d na , s t pe
Conferenceof
in Creative Economy


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NAKHON SAWAN RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY

398 Sawanwithi Rd. Amphur Muang,
Nakhon Sawan Province, 60000, Thailand.
Tell. (056)-219100 -29 FAX.(056)-882523,882522
Conferenceof
in Creative Economy

NAKHON SAWAN RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Message
Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat from the President of
University
Name : Given by the King on 2004 to be called “Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University”
RMUTK
Logo/Brooch : The same design as Kingaims to be’saroyal
Bhumiboll creative technology
emblem.
Plant : “Payorm” oruniversity in Asia.G.The
Shorea roxburghii Don,university has accordingly
Dipterocarpaceae
focusedwith
Flag : Green – Yellow ongolden
the development
emblem in theof our personnel and
middle.
Provincial Motto placed importance oncultivating accomplished and
The city of four proficient graduatesfor
rivers, attractive Borapedthe national
Swamp and development.
devel
tasteful fish at ‘Pak
Nam Poh’
History of the province

Nakhon Sawan assumed that started when Sukhothai was the capital by the
name appeared on the stone inscriptions called “Muang Phra Bang” and was recognized
President
as an important fortress of Rajamangala
of Sukhothai, Universityof
Thonburi of Technology
and Rattanakosin Krungthep
periods. The old
capital area was on the Khao Khad (Khao Ru-Sri) hill’s foot laid to the provincial burg
(Wat Nakhon Sawan). We still can observe on ancient stone wall along the old capital
area. ‘Muang Phra Bang’ then renamed as ‘Chon Ta Wan’ because of the city’s location
directed against ‘Cha Phra Ya’ river where faced to the east in order to the sun rose and
lighted up on the main gate of the city at all time. ‘Chon Ta Wan’ was named as
‘Nakhon Sawan’ later for bringing good fortunes to people. Nakhon Sawan also known
as ‘Pak Nam Poh’ that was called since Ayutthaya period. As the history of ‘Phra Chao
Hong Sawadee Bureng Nong’ (a great Burmese king and worrior) who invaded
Ayutthaya kingdom during “King Maha Chakkrapat” reign. Ayutthaya’s Fleets of ship
was landed at ‘Pak nam poh’ but retreated later back to Ayutthaya capital. The origins
of name ‘Pak Nam Poh’ consist of two presumptions. The first presumption is from the
word described ‘emerging of Chao Pra Ya river’ and another is from the location of the
origin of Chao Phra Ya river where Bodhi tree was standing on the shore at the mouth
of river. That location now is Kuan Yu Shrine. In ‘King Rama I’ reign, who took an
important Buddha image and spent a night at province’s area before moving troops to
defeat the northern fortress which was trying to restore autonomy from Rattanakosin
Kingdom. The king Rama I chose Nakhon Sawan as the royal main fort and intended to
apply canals surrounded the city as floodways. When Burmese troops set on the lower
plain in dry season, they later have been vanished by floods for the coming rain season.
The route that Burmese troops escaped to their country also called as ‘Chong Khao
44 1dnalFebruary
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala UniversityInternational
of Technology Suvarnabhumi,
Conference on Arts & Thailand
Cultures in Creative Economy
PEHTroad
Khad’ (-small GNUacrossRK YaGvalley)OLONNakhon
HCETSawan FO Y T ISR
was a Ethird-level
VINU AL AGNAM
province in A JAR
the
ancient rules inscription during ‘King Akha Tossarot’ reign (Ayutthaya period)
approximately since 1557 A.D fo tnediserP eht morf egasseM
pehtgnurfounded
1922 originally K ygoloas T fo ytisAgricultural
nhacePrimary revinU alagTeacher’s
namajaRTraining
School
ygolonhce1955 t eviTeacher’s
taerc a eTraining
b ot smCollegeia KTU MR Certificate
offering  of Education.
ylgnidrocc1968 a sahoffering
ytisrev2in–year
u ehBachelor’s
T .aisA nDegree
i ytisrein
viEducation.
nu
dna lenno1978 srep offering
ruo fo the tnem inp–oservice
leved eteacher
ht no training
desucofprogram.
1981 offering 2 – year and 4 – year Bachelor Degree in Education.
1992 renamed Rajabhat Institute Nakhon Sawan and offering Bachelor
h craesin
Degree er Education,
eht detoScience
morp oand sla Arts.
evah eW .sdradnats
evitaerc h1998 tiw soffering cimedaDegree
ecivres Master ca ehtin,tEducational
nempolevedAdministration and Graduate
.er u t l uc d na s tra f o n o i ta vre
Diploma of Education in the Teaching Profession. ser p e h t d na ,stpecnoc
dnaliahT 1999 fo nooffering
isiv s’tMaster
nemnreDegree’s
vogeht rinedCurriculum
nU and Instruction.
,ytivitaerc2002 ,ygooffering
lonhcet Master
fo esu Degrees
eht sezisinahDevelopment
pme taht 0.4Strategy.
,tnempole2004 ved Nakhon
lanoitanSawan retsoRajabhat
f ot nUniversity
oitavonni dna
dna lanVision
oitacude evitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp
esu eht htAiwlocal
stneduniversity
uts piuqe which
ot dna conserves
smetsys gThai
ninraecultural
l identity and brings
knowledge to communities.
dna deMission
hsilpmostatement
cca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University are be graduate educational Institutes

for local development with the following objectives to provide academic and a high
level of vocational education; conduct research as an academic service to the general
public; improve, transfer and develop technology; preserve and promote art and culture
produce teachers and elevate the status of teachers.
Conferenceof
in Creative Economy


devel

85 Malaiman Road, Muang, Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand
Tel : (+66) 34 261 021-36, Fax : (+66) 34 261 048
E-mail : rajabhat@npru.ac.th .
Nakhon Pathom RajabhatUniversity
In 1936, “The Nakhon  Pathom

RMUTK Teacher
aimsTraining
to be aSchool for technology
creative girls” was
established at the registration chambers building of Monthon Nakhon Chaisri situated at
86 Tesa Road, Tambon Phrapathomchedi, Amphoe Muang, Nakhon Pathom Province,
The school was designated to run courses for elementary level teacher training for girls.
devel
In 1960, it became a comprehensive school and boy ware accepted namely as
joint-attendant students or co-students. The “Certificate of Education” and The Rural
Teacher Training Project also began in the same year.
1968, the school was renamed Dr.SukitNitinai
“The Nakhon Pathom Teacher Training
School”. President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
In 1969, the school moved (from the above address) to 85 Malaiman Road
(opposite Wat Mai Pinkliaw) and the course upgraded to be based on the elementary
level teacher training project.
In 1970, the school was promoted to Nakhon Pathom Teacher’ College,
promulgated on 16 January 1970. The Higher Certificate of Education commenced.
In 1975, the Teachers’ Colleges began to operate in line with the Teachers’
Colleges Act, 1975. They encountered many changes particularly in their role and
structure, which in one way or another paved their way to become more absolute
institutes of higher education. For instance, the Fifth Article of the 1975 Act specified
that Teachers’ Colleges would, “…become research institutes and legitimately center
the Bachelor’s Degree, deliberately promote the instructor / teachers and education
personnel’s academic standing, preserve and nurture the arts and cultures, and provide
the community with academic services.” Despite the new obligations having been
undertaken for merely five years after the enforcement of the Act, Nakhon Pathom
Teachers’ College managed to modify many aspects of and perform its numerous roles
proficiently.
48 1dnalFebruary

In 1978, a two-year Bachelor of Education extension program began for
students who had completed the two year diploma or certificate courses. In the second
semester of 1978, the first teacher fo ttraining
nediserand P eh t morf eteacher
in-service gasseMtraining programmes
ware also offered. pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
In 1980, the four-year Bachelor’s Degree commenced.
ygolonhInce1984,t evisome
taerc articles
a eb in ot“The
smiaTeachers’
KTUMCollegesR  1975” were revised and
Act,
ylgnidrocnot
amended, ca only
sah yfortisrthe
evinbenefit
u ehT of.aibetter
sA ni administration
ytisrevinu but also to undertake a
dna lerange
broader nnosreofp responsibilities
ruo fo tnempbased olevedonesociety’s
ht no deneeds. sucof One of the most significant
issues
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smulucirruc cimedacColleges
of the amendments to article 5 was that Teachers’ a ware now required to
offer other fields of study than just teacher education.
In 1985, Nakhon Pathom Teachers’ College offered five new major fields of
e vitaerc htiw secivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
study in two-year undergraduate programmes; two Liberal Arts programmes including
.erutluand
Journalism c dnPublic
a stra fRelations
o noitavreand serpArt ehtand
dnaDesign
,stpecnand oc three Science programmes
dnaliahTFood
including fo nScience,
oisiv s’Botany
tnemnrand evoElectronics.
geht rednU
,ytivitaeInrc1986,
,ygoloangreater
hcet fonumberesu eht of sezstudents
isahpmeintavaryinght 0.4 fields were admitted, and
,tnempolevwere
programmes ed laextended
noitan to retthe
sof Bachelor’s
ot noitaDegreevonni level dna for both full-time students
yltnthose
and errucin theera in-service
ew ,ytipersonnel
libaniatsuprogrammes.
s dna ytirA epdemonstration
sorp school (housed in
dna lanoD3”)
“Building itacuwasde efounded
vitaerc for ehsecondary-level
t poleved ot dstudents, eraperp and began with two classes
ofesMatayom
u eht htiwI (first-year
stneduts pof iuqhigh
e ot school)
dna smoffering
etsys gniEnglish
nrael – Maths. The secondary
school
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo school, which had been
was managed simultaneously with the kindergarten
providing Kindergarten One and Kindergarten Two in a temporary building since 1979.
dna deOn hsilp14th
mocFebruary
ca gnitav1992, itlucnoHisecMajesty
natropmithedeking calp royally offered the name
. t ne m p o le ve d la n o i ta n e
“Rejabhat Institute” to the Teachers’ Colleges. h t r of se ta u da rg t ne iciforp
On 25th January 1995, The Rajabhat Institutes Act was promulgated.
In 1997, “The Education for All” project (Kaw-Saw-Phaw-Paw) and a
Master’s Degree certificate in teaching commenced.
In 1998, an off-siteiainstructional
nitiNtikuS.rcentre D was established at Intertech Institute,
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnam
Amphoe Sampran, Nakhon Pathom. A Master’s ajaR fin
Degree o tEducation
nediserP Administration
was offered.
In 1999, another instructional centre was established at Om Noi Sophon
Chanupathom, Amphur Kratumbaen, Samutsakorn Province. Master’s Degree in Social
Science for Development and Thai Studies were offered to students. The Centre of
Tertiary Education Organization (Saw-Aw-Kaw-Paw) for in-service teachers also
commenced.
In 2000, the Centre of Tertiary Education Organization for Community
Leaders (Saw-Aw-Chaw) commenced.
In 2003, a joint programme was offered in cooperation with Samutsakorn
Physical Education College.
In 2004, His Majesty the King royally signed the Rajabhat University Act,
which was promulgated under royal decree on 14 June 2004 in Government Gazette
No. 121, section 23A, and enacted from 15 June 2004 onwards.
In 2005, there were curriculum revision and modification. New curricula were
also created as a preparation for the new academic year 2006, The structure of general
education was adapted at this same time to make it comply with the standard of Office
of the Higher Education Commission.
Conferenceof
in Creative Economy

In 2006, Two new degree-level programmes started : the Bachelor of
Engineering (B. En) and the Bachelor of Public Administration (B.P. A ). An admission
Message
for overseas studentsfrom China from the President
and Vietnam took placeoffor they could attend the 2 + 1
Rajamangala
course. There University
are 60 Chinese of Technology
students and 7 Vietnamese Krungthep
Students enrolled.
In 2007, NPRU offered 3 more degree-level programmes : the Bachelor of Laws
(LL.B), the Bachelor of Thai  for RMUTK aims to
Communication be a and
(B.Ed.) creative technology
the Bachelor of
university in(B.Ed).
Cooperation for Community Development Asia. More
The university has for
special courses accordingly
overseas
students were also provided forfocused
students on the development
interested. of ourand
About 179 Chinese personnel and
Vietnamese
students registered and accomplished the courses of their interests. The special
academic curriculums that align to international courses
provided are according to the following details :
the 2 + 1 teacher education course for 58 Chinese students
the 2 + 2 teacher education course for 18 Chinese students
the 2 + 2 teacher education course for 18 Chinese studentsof arts and culture.
Underforthegovernment’s
the 3 + 1 teacher education course 32 Chinese students vision of Thailand
4.0 that emphasizes
the 1 + 3 teacher education course for 23 the use of
Chinese technology, creativity,
students
and innovation
the 2 + 1 teacher education to Chinese
course for 11 foster students
national development,
prosperity
the 1 + 3 teacher education andfor sustainability,
course 1 Chinese studentswe are currently
the Thai language prepared to develop
course for 163 the creative
Chinese students educational
(a joint-attendant and
course
with Thai students) learning systems and to equip students with the use
the Thai language course for 10 Vietnamese
of innovative students
technologies of knowledge. We have
the financial management course (Finace and Banking) )for 6 Vietnamese
students
development.
In 2008, NPRU expanded its capacity of local development by offering more
degree-level education in 4 more
programmes, which were
Industrial Chemistry
Plant Science Dr.SukitNitinai
Civil Engineering of Technology Krungthep
Electronics Engineering
In 2009, NPRU added more degree-level education in 7 programmes, which
were
Computer Technology for Industry
Computer Technology
Software Development
Food Science and Technology
International Business Management
Logistics Management
Nursing Science
The symbol of Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University
The symbol of Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University is composed of the
Octagonal Throne, the Discus (Chakra), in the middle of which is the symbolic letter
“Unalome” insignia. Around the Chakra Discus, there are rays radiating all around.
Above the Chakra Discus is the Seven-Tiered Umbrella over the Octagonal Throne
meaning that His Majesty the King has sovereign power in the realm, for at the
Coronation Ceremony His Majesty sat upon the Octagonal Throne and received
consecrated water from the eight cardinal points in accordance with ancient Royal
custom which for the first time was presented by Members of Parliament instead of
Royal pundits.
50 1dnalFebruary
Suvarnabhumi,
Thailand


,ytivitaerc ,yBlue
golonhcet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
,tnempoleved represents
lanoitan the
retsoRoyal
f ot Institute
noitavonwhich
ni dnwasa the founder of Rajabhat
yltnerruc university.
era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
dna lanoitacGreen
ude evitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp
esu eht htiw strepresents
neduts piuthe
qe location
ot dna sof
me36tsyuniversities
s gninrael in the natural and greenery
evah eWenvironment.
.egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
dna dehsilpGold
mocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
.tnempolerepresents
ved lanoithe
tanintellectual
eht rofsetaprosperity.
udarg tneiciforp
Orange
represents the prosperity of local art and culture.
White ianitiNtikuS.rD
pehtgnurK ygrepresents foypure
olonhceT the tisrevthought
inU alaofgnwisdom
amajaRoffoHis
tnMajesty.
ediserP
Bougainvillea spp.
Nyctaginaceae
Bougainvillea
Peper Flower, Kertas
in Creative Economy
RAJAMANGALA
History andUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
General Information
Bougainvillea was first discovered in Brazil by the French botanist, about
AD 1766-1769, and has Message from
been used the President
to grow of of the world from Europe,
in various parts
North America and Asia. In Thailand, the bougainvillea varieties have come
from Singapore, first as MD. Reign in 2423. There are at least five varieties of
bougainvillea in a foreign country. The RMUTK aims togrows
bougainvillea be awell creative technology
in Thailand. The
mutations cause a lot of varieties.
Botanical Characteristics
Bougainvillea is a woody shrub of the semi-trailer. Size varies from small
shrubs to large shrubs. Thorny stems leaves are broken up by twigs or switches with the
same indentation. Hairy covering up a little.We
standards. have
Green also
or leaf spot.promoted
Pointed ovaltheshape,
research
3-6
cm wide, 2-3 cm long bract appearance. Each heart shaped or oval leaves are 3-5creative
ic services with colors
concepts,
such as purple, red, pink, orange, blue, and the and
yellow preservation of arts with
more. Complete and culture.
flowers as
male gender and a bouquet of flowers, Under axillarythegovernment’s vision
or terminal, with three of Thailand
branches, each
flower is 1-2 cm long tube. 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
Cultivation and innovation to foster national development,
Bougainvillea is aprosperity and that
kind of plant sustainability, we are in currently
needs strong sunlight outdoor
conditions throughout the day.prepared
If the suntois develop
not enoughthe to do it, the dark color
creative educational of the
and
flower is less. It desires medium or hot humid temperature. Although it can grow during
drought but water is suggested when the plant is still young. When grown up, it only
needs relatively moderate to little innovative
of water and tootechnologies of knowledge.
much water will We have
make less flowering.
devel
Arts&&Cultures
Cultures in
in Creative Economy


devel
Prince of Songkla University

15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110

PRINCE OF SONGKLA UNIVERSITY
Prince of Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
Songkla University

and innovation
Prince of Songkla University to foster
(PSU), established national
in 1967 development,
as the first university
in southern Thailand, consists of five campuses offering various programs of education
consistent with the needs of their communities. Moreover, PSU also comprises and
prepared to develop the creative educational 30
faculties, two hospitals, andlearning systems
more than and to equip
40 excellence and students
research with the use
centers, all
of innovative
committed to academic excellence, technologies
strong social of and
responsibility, knowledge. We have
active engagement
placed importance oncultivating accomplished
in community services. The central aims of the university are to raise and
general education
standards and support regional industry
proficient and development.
graduatesfor Moreover,
the national develthe university
development.
aims to establish excellence in research and teaching, to provide academic services to
communities, and to take an active role in the preservation of national heritage in arts
and culture, especially for those from southern Thailand. Therefore, as a leading
research university in Asia, PSU has contributed significantly to the development of the
country and consistently turned out well-qualified graduates of high professional
standing. President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
On September 22, 1967, His
Majesty the King graciously granted the
University the name “Prince of Songkla
University” in honor of his beloved father,
His Royal Highness Somdej Chao Fa
Mahidol Adulyadej Kromma Luang
Songkla Nakarin. In commemoration of
this auspicious occasion, the university has
since proclaimed September, 22 of every
year as “Songkla Nakarin Day”, one of the
important dates in the calendar of yearly events of the
university.
As an institution of higher learning, Prince of Songkla
University is committed to academic excellence, reputable
research and innovation. It has contributed significantly to the
development of the country and consistently turned out well
qualified graduates of high professional standing. The
university is proud of its distinguished record of achievements
in teaching, research, development and services to communities.
56 1dnalFebruary

PSU VISION

Prince of Songkla University is a leading research university in
ygolonhceAsia,
t evitfulfilling
aerc a ebits oinspiration
t smia KTof UMproducing
R 
internationally recognized
ylgnidroccgraduates,
a sah ytiactively
srevinu engaging
ehT .aisinA providing
ni ytisrevservices
inu to community, taking a
dna lennoleading
srep rurole
o foin tthe
nem poleved eand
preservation ht nenhancement
o desucof of national heritage in arts
and culture
evitaMISSION
PSU erc htiw secivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
.eru-tlTo
uc develop
dna strathe
fo nuniversity
oitavreseinto
rp eahtsociety
dna ,stof
pecnoc
dnaliahT
learning fo non
based oisaivmulti-cultural
s’tnemnrevobackground
geht rednUand
,ytivitaerc ,economy
sufficiency ygolonhceprinciples,
t fo esu ehtandsezisallow
ahpmethe taht 0.4
,tnemppublic
general olevedeasylaand
noitconvenient
an retsof access
ot ntooilearning
tavonni dna
yltnegain
and rruc from
era whatever
ew ,ytiliformsbaniatsand
us sources
dna ytiof repsorp
dna lanoiare
knowledge tacavailable
ude evitat aethe
rc university.
eht poleved ot deraperp
esu eht- hTotiwbuild
stneduputsexpertise
piuqe oand
t dntake
a smaetleading
sys gninrael
role in areas of study consistent with the inherent
potential of our locality and create a linkage to the
dna dnetwork.
global ehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
- To integrate and apply knowledge based on practical experiences to teaching
in order to instill intellectual wisdom, virtue, competency and international world-view
vision in our graduates.
Conferenceof
in Creative Economy


devel

069 Moo 1, Nakhon Chum, Muang District,
President of Kamphaeng
Phet 62000 of Technology Krungthep
Telephone : 66-55-706555, Fax : 66-55-706518
Kamphaengphet Rajabhat University

and University
KamphaengphetRajabhat innovation
is antoInstitute
fosterof national
the Higherdevelopment,
Education in
prosperity and sustainability, we areCommittee,
the Office of Higher Education currently
prepared to develop
Ministrythe creative educational and
of Education.
of innovative technologies In of1973knowledge.
, KPRU We have
was
designated as a “Teacher’s College”
by decree
proficient graduatesfor of the Thai
the national Government on
devel
development.
September 29, 1973 Muang,
Kamphaengphet, consisting of 421 rai
and 58 wa square.
In 1975, KPRU was
designated by the Act of Legislation of
Teacher’s of Technology
Colleges 1975, Krungthep
to become
part of the “Higher Education”
Ministry of Education.
In 1976, KPRU opened for

its first 392 students to begin studying
at the certificated level. Students were
selected from Tambol Council in
KamphaengPhet and Tak Provinces.
In 1984, KPRU used the Act
of Legislation of Teacher’s College
(No.2) 1984, that the Teacher’s
College can produce the graduates in
many career fields and professions.
In 1986, KPRU opened its
first classes for part time students,
studying on the weekends.
In 1992, H.M. King Bhumipol signed His name to officially authorize the 36
teacher’s colleges, “Rajabhat Institute” on 14 February, 1992.
60 1dnalFebruary
PInEH TGNH.M.KingBhumipol
1995, URK YGOLONHsigned
CET FHis
O Yname
TISRtoEV INU ALInstitute
Rajabhat AGNAin MA JAR
the
Government Gazette on 25 January, 1995.
In 1998, KPRU openedfofortnthe edifirst
serPMaster
eht mDegree orf egapart-time
sseM students, Master
of Education in Educational rK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
pehtgnuAdministration.
In 2000, KPRU opened for its first group of part time students at Mae Sod, Tak
ygolonh(Students
province. cet evitastudiederc a eatbSubwittayakom
ot smia KTUSchool) MR 
ylgnidrIn occ2001,a sahKPRU ytisreopened
vinu ehitsT site .aisofA Higher
ni ytisEducation,
revinu consisting of 600 rai at
dna lenMae
Tambol nosPa, rep Mae
ruo Sod,
fo tTak
nemprovince
poleved and ehthad no itsdefirst
sucofull-time
f students.
In 2002, KPRU initiated
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smulucirruc cimedaca a Master Degree Program for part time students,
Master of Art in Development Strategy and Master of Education in Curriculum and
Instruction.
evitaercIn h2003, tiw sH.M.
ecivrKing medaca esigned
es ciBhumipol ht ,tneHis mpname olevein d the Government Gazette to
authorize the legislation of Administration of Ministry cof Education 2003, that the
.er u t l uc d na s tra f o n o i ta vr e s e r p e h t d n a , s t pe c n o
dnaliahTInstitute
Rajabhat fo noishad iv sthe
’tnesame
mnrevstructure
ogeht reof dnUuniversities in the Higher Educational
Committee.
,tnempoInle2004, ved lH.M.anoitaKingn reBhumipol
tsof ot signed noitavohis nnname
i dnain the legislation of Rajahat
yltnerruc one9raJune,
University ew2004 ,ytiand
libapublished
niatsus dinnthe a yGovernment
tirepsorp Gazette on 14 June, 2004,
dna lan15
effective oitJune,
acude2004. evitaThe
erc 41ehRajabhat
t poleveInstitutes
d ot dehad rapebecome
rp “Rajabhat University”
and granted freedom and jurisprudence.
In 2005 KPRU opened for its first Master Degree for part time students,
Master of Education in Educational Administration, in Curriculum and Instruction and
dna dof
Master ehArtsilpinmoDevelopment
cca gnitavitStrategy lucno eat cnMae
atropSodmi campus.
decalp
.tIn
nem p o
2007, KPRU offered a Master Degree eProgram
le v e d la n o i ta n e h t r of se ta u da rg t n iciforp for part time students,
Master of Public Administration in Local Governance, and Master of Science in
Industrial Technology for Local Development.
In 2008, KPRU cooperated with Department of Local Administration to open
Bachelor of Public Administration ianitiNprogram tikuS.rDin Fiscal Management for the first batch of
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamTak
Local organizational personnel in KamphaengPhet, ajaRandfoSukhothai
tnediserPProvinces.
In 2009, KPRU opened Doctor of Philosophy program in Administration and
Development Strategies.
In the academic year of 2011, KamphaengPhet Rajabhat University offers the
academic project “to enhance the potential in the regular programs.” These programs
aim to serve the university policy and open the academic opportunities to the number of
local students who intend to apply to the university.
The Emblem of Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University is the Royal Seal of

H.M. King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
Conferenceof
in Creative Economy
RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
The Royal Seal of His MajestyOF TECHNOLOGY
King KRUNGTHEP
Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
The Majestic seal of H.M. King Rama IX is the image of the octagonal royal
Message
throne with Chakra. The middlefrom theChakra
of the President of the character “Au” or Thai
contains
Rajamangala
numeral “๙”, 9. University of Technology Krungthep

The Chakra’s surrounding RMUTK
corona aims
shines withtothebeseven-tiered
a creative umbrella
technology
of
kingship above the Chakra. Theuniversity in Asia.
seven-tiered Theonuniversity
umbrella has royal
the octagonal accordingly
throne
focused
represents His Majesty’s Sovereign on the
Power. development
On the royal weddingof our personnel
ceremony and
day, His
Majesty’s King Rama IX sat on academic curriculums that align to international
the octagonal royal throne and congresspersons made
standards.
offerings to His Majesty with Holy We allhave
water from eight also promoted the research
directions.
ic services with creative
University Seal
The colors of the royal seal consist of five different colors symbolizing the
following: Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
and innovation
Blue : The King’s institution to foster the
has established national
institute development,
and elegantly
offered the name “Rajabhat Institute” we are currently
Green : The location of all 41 Rajabhat Institutes in natural locations and
learning
beautiful healthy systems and to equip students with the use
environments.
Gold : Wisdomplaced importance oncultivating accomplished and
and Prosperity
devel
Orange : Flourishment of the local arts and cultures of all 41 Rajabhat
Institutes.
White : The Pure Intellect of His Majesty the King
University Colors
University Colors - Orange and White
Red-orange : Stability is represented in the red-orange bricks and

laterites.
White : Symbolizes Religion which means goodness; morality, virtue,
intellectual Dharma
Arts&&Cultures
Cultures in
in Creative Economy


devel
Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi (RUS)

60 Moo 3 Asian Highway, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000
Tel : +66(0)3570 9103, Fax : +66(0)3570 9105
OF Message from the
TECHNOLOGY President of
SUVARNABHUMI (RUS)
History of RMUTSB
Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi (RMUTSB), one of the
placed
significant centers of education importance
for science oncultivating
and technology in theaccomplished
central region and
of
development.
Thailand, was renamed as a government university on 18th January, 2005 and
supervised by Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education. The university
comprises four campuses covering three provinces. Huntra and Wasukri campuses are
situated in Ayutthaya province whereas the other two campuses are in Nonthaburi and
Suphanburi Provinces Dr.SukitNitinai
Despite its recent foundation, the university has long been developed and has
undergone several organizational changes, for its eminent achievement in professional
education for over 30 years. Three of the four campuses were originally the vocational
66 1dnalFebruary
PEcolleges
education HTGNUby RKtheYGname
OLONofHC ET FO YAgricultural
Ayutthaya TISREVINU ALAGAyutthaya
College, NAMAJAR
Commercial Colleges and Nonthaburi Technical College under the supervision of
fo tne(DVE).
Department of Vocational Education diserP eht morf egasseM

Later in 1977, according to the Education act, the DVE’s 28 colleges were
, ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
transferred to Institutes of Technology and Vocational Education (ITVE) including
,tnem
these polecolleges.
three ved lanThe oitaMinistry
n retsoof f Education
ot noitavhad onnchanged
i dna the name of its educational
y l t n er r u c er a ew , y t i l i ba
institutes and reorganized them to form 28 campuses ofn i a t s u s d na y t ir e psothe
rp ITVE which was equivalent
d n a la n o i ta c u de e v i ta e r c e h t p o l
to a department of the Educational Ministry. Ayutthaya Agriculturale ve d o t d er a perp Campus had been
esu eht htiwunder
consequently stnethe
dutITVE’s
s piuqeadministration
ot dna smetsever ys gsince.
ninrael
In 1988 the name “Rajamangala Institute of Technology” (RIT) was awarded

to the ITVE by King Bhumibol Adulyadej. In 1989 the Ministry of Education renamed
RIT’s 17 provincial campuses resulting in the new names of these 3 campuses as
“Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Huntra campus, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Wasukri campus
and Nonthaburi campus”, respectively. Later in 1995 the five new RIT’s campuses were
established as the following; Chiengrai campus in the north, Sakonnakorn campus in
the northeast, Sriwichai campus in the south, Saraya and Suphanburi campuses in the
central of Thailand. In doing so, the fourth RMUTSB’s campus thus originated in
Suphanburi province.
Conferenceof
in Creative Economy


After the promulgationdevelopment, the academic
of the first national ic Act
Education services
in 1999with creative
onwards, all
concepts, and the preservation of arts and
institutes of higher education have been under the supervision of Commission on culture.
Higher Education. Therefore, the RIT reformed the RIT Act 1975vision of Thailand
by assembling all
RIT campuses and restructuring 4.0them
thatinto
emphasizes the useproposing
9 groups before of technology,
the RMUTcreativity,
Act to
and the
establish nine universities in which innovation
RMUTSBto wasfoster
launchednational development,
by reuniting Wasukri,
prosperity
Huntra, Nonthaburi and Suphanburi and andsustainability,
campuses we ofare
housing the office currently
the President
based in the Huntra district. prepared to develop the creative educational and
The University Seal of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi invoked the presence of
the Royal Seal of His Majesty King Bhumibol the national
Adulyadej, devel
development.
the ninth monarch of the
Royal House of Chakri, for the University Official Seal. It is placed under the Great
Crown of Victory, and encircled by eight yellow lotus petals which symbolize wisdom,
generalization, and joyfulness. Below the seal, “Rajamangala University of Technology
Suvarnabhumi” is written in blue inscriptionDr.SukitNitinai
on white sash trimmed with red.
Colour pattern on white Black and white pattern on Colour pattern on

background (THAI) white background (THAI) transparent background
(THAI)
68 1dnalFebruary
Suvarnabhumi,
Thailand


hColour
craeserpattern
eht ondetwhite
omorp oBlack
sla eand
vah white
eW pattern
.sdradon
nats Colour pattern on
evibackground secivres cimwhite
taerc htiw (ENG) edacabackground
eht ,tnem(ENG)
poleved transparent background
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserp eht dna ,stpecnoc (ENG
,ytivUniversity
The itaerc ,ygoColor
lonhc&et Tree
fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
The University Colour
.tThe
nempterm
olev“Suvarnabhumi”
ed lanoitan eht ror
ofs“the
etaugolden
darg tneland”
iciformeans
p prosperous land. To
signify our earnest attempt to utilize Science and Technology competence to enhance
the people’s life especially in the community in the central part of Thailand to be an
abundant land, Gold is considered as the University colour.
The University Tree

The tree : Leelawadee Suvarnabhumi
Scientific name : Plumeria acutifoliaPoir
Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi has adopted
Leelawadee Suvarnabhumi as its symbol because of it's golden yellow colour of flowers
which is in the agreement of the University color.The tree is a long-life tree which can
easily grow up without soil limitation. The older it gets, the more valuable it becomes.
These special characteristics signify RMUTSB’s graduates with morality, intelligence
and tolerance.
Vision & Mission
in Creative Economy

Vision

RMUTSB envisions and
itselfinnovation
as a leadingto foster ofnational
university development,
science and technology
for community, society and international.
Mission learning systems and to equip students with the use
devel
1. Producing and developing professional manpower

2. Researching and conducting innovations in correspond with social needs.
3. Providing academic services of science and technology for community and
society development.
4. Preserving and maintaining Thai art and culture, and conserving the
environment.
5. Applying modern management and utilizing good governance.
RMUTSB Organization Chart

in Creative Economy
70 1dnalFebruary
Conference on Arts & Cultures in Creative Economy
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygoFebruary
lonhceT15-17,
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala fo ytis2018
revinRajamangala
University jaR 8102 ,of
ofU Technology
alagnamaUniversity 71Technology
-51 yraurbeSuvarnabhumi,
Suvarnabhumi, F
Thailand Thailand 70


Arts&&Cultures
Cultures in
in Creative Economy


devel
Udon Thani Rajabhat University

64 Thaharn Road, Muang, Udon Thani 41000,
President of Rajamangala Universityof Thailand Krungthep
of Technology
Tel: +66 42 211040-59
Fax: +66 42 241418, +66 42 243296
Email: OIA_UDRU@yahoo.com
UDON THANI RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Rajamangala
A Brief Introduction University of Technology Krungthep
of UDRU
Established on November 1, 1923, the original "Teacher Training School in

Agriculture Udon Thani" offered a two-year certificate program to people from various
university
provinces. In 1930, the name was officiallyin Asia. Thetouniversity
changed has accordingly
"Teacher Training School”
(initially for men later including women), offering a two-year certificate programand
in
academic
general subjects. In 1958, it was curriculums
renamed "Udon that align
Thani Teachers' to international
Training School" and
standards.
was up-graded in status to "Udon We have
Thani Teachers' alsoonpromoted
College" February 29,the research
1960.
devel
Based on the Teachers' College Act of 1975, Udon Thani Teachers' College
came under the authority of the Ministry of Education and was allowed to offer
bachelor degree programs in various fields. Because of the diversity of its programs of
study and to improve understanding of its various roles and functions, His Majesty King
Bhumibhol Adulyadej graciously bestowed the new, prestigious name "Rajabhat
Institute" (Rajabhat means the people of the King) upon Teachers' Colleges nationwide,
together with his personal royal seal as the university emblem on February 14, 1992.
Since then, staff representing Rajabhat Institute Udon Thani, have contributed their
collective efforts to further develop the institute to enable it to become a true higher
educational institution for community development offering Associate, Bachelor,
Master and Doctoral Degrees to the general public.
In 2003, a remarkable change occurred when the Rajabhat University Act was
passed and officially approved. Since June 15, 2004, Udon Thani Rajabhat Institute has
accordingly assumed legal university status, having adopted the new name "Udon Thani
Rajabhat University" (UDRU), under the authority of the Commission on Higher
Education.
74 1dnalFebruary


ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytiConference
International srevinuon Arts & Cultures in Creative Economy
dna lennosrep ruo fo tneFebruary
mpol15-17,
eved2018ehRajamangala
t no deUniversity
sucof of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand 74
Arts&&Cultures
Cultures in
in Creative Economy


devel
Suratthani Rajabhat University

272 Moo 9 Surat-Nasan Road, Khun Taleay, Muang Surat Thani,84100 Thailand
Telephone : +66-77-913-333 Fax of Technology Krungthep
: +66-77-355-468
Email : info@sru.ac.th
SURATTHANI RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
History Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
 RMUTK
In 1973,aimsthe to be a Collage
Teacher creativeof technology
Suratthani
advance rapidly finally becoming Suratthani
focused on Rajabhat University. of our personnel and
the development
The University is committed to work
together with its students towards expanding
standards. knowledge
We haveand also
workpromoted the research
competencies so that
development, the academic ic services with
they may serve both the local community creative
and
the nation
Pursuing the goal vision of Thailand
of becoming a
4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology,
regional prototype university forcreativity,
local
and innovation to foster
development, national
Suratthani development,
Rajabhat University
prosperity has,
andas itsustainability,
was, planted thewe flagare currently
of victory on
prepared tothe develop
field of theeducation,
creativewith emphasis and
educational on
responding to local needs, generating
knowledge and taking the lead in preserving
and developing our precious heritage of
placed importance
indigenous knowledge. accomplished and
oncultivating
proficient graduatesfor thestatus
In its national devel of the King,
development.
as “People
servant of the land”, and recalling that His
Majesty the King graciously bestowed upon
the university the name “Rajabhat” the
university works to implement his plan and
idea. President of Rajamangala Universityof
In addition, the university has cooperative agreement with leading universities
abroad, both for teachers’ development and for student exchanges.
Recognizing the importance of tourism and hotel management, the University
has established the International School of Tourism in Koh Samui, Suratthani,
partnering with first class hotels and domestic and international airlines, to provide on-
the-job training for student to serve as a knowledge-sharing center.
Suratthani Rajabhat University continue to enhance its potential with modern
educational and recreational facilities.
For four decades, Suratthani Rajabhat University has been the firm intention to
serve society through quality education, developing the people for the development of
the nation. Over time, the grove of laburnum, symbol of Suratthani Rajabhat University,
have grown mighty.
The shoot of knowledge planted deep in fertile soil, cultivated and cared for,
have now become beautiful trees cooling the land in the shade for their branches-
contributing to the community with the highest academic standards, working in tune
with local livelihoods as a regional university for the local development.
78 1dnalFebruary
Suvarnabhumi,
Conference
raurbeF in Creative Economy
Thailand


Mission Statements
.eru1.
tluTo
c dnprovide
a stra fao nlearning
oitavresenvironment
erp eht dna based
,stpecnupon
oc academic excellence, the
dnaliaof
pursuit hTknowledge
fo noisivand s’tthe
nemtruth,
nrevoandgehloyalty
t redntoU one’s community
,ytivitae2.rcTo,ygprovide
olonhcteachers
et fo esuand ehtinstructors
sezisahpm e tathe
with ht 0skills
.4 and moral values need to
,tnemboth
assist poletheir
ved students
lanoitaand
n rtheetsocommunities
f ot noitavonni dna
yltnerru3.c To eradevelop
ew ,ysustainable
tilibaniatsuands dappreciate
na ytirepstechnologies
orp that preserve and
dna lanoa itbalance
maintain acude ebetween
vitaerc ehuman
ht poleneeds
ved oandt deaspirations,
raperp traditional values and
esu eht htiwintegrity
environmental stnedutsand piusustainable.
qe ot dna smetsys gninrael
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigof
4. To provide a network oloacademic
nhcet evservices
itavonnthat
i fosupport and strengthen local
initiatives
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decawith
and organizations, and to work collaboratively lp universities and institutes
in order to assist local development
5. To instill pride through the promotion and support of the arts and related
cultural activities
6. To inculcate effective leadership qualities and administrative skills based on
high standards of morality, honesty and integrity
ianitand
7. To directly support iNtikassist
uS.rDcommunity
 development projects that are
supported by royal patronage
The emblem of Suratthani Rajabhat University is the Phraraja Lanjakorn, His

Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s personal emblem. It consists of 5 colours
represented as flowers. Blue refers to His Majesty the King, the institute’s founder.
Green refers to the location of the university, situated in a beautiful environment. Gold
RAJAMANGALA
refers to intellectualUNIVERSITY
prosperity andOF TECHNOLOGY
development, KRUNGTHEP
and orange refers to cultural
prosperity and development. White refers to the thinking of our most learned man, His
Message
Majesty the King Bhumibol from the President of
Adulyadej.
University Colours: Blue and Red
University Flower: Cassia Fistula ic services with creative
devel
Vision
"We are a regional prototype university for community development"

As an engine for promoting change and growth,
President of Rajamangala Universityof SuratthaniKrungthep
of Technology Rajabhat
University seeks to assist community development and meets local needs by providing
an effective tertiary learning environment whereby students can reach their full
potential in terms of skills and attitudes they will need as life-long learners. Realizing,
however, that equitable community growth and progress requires more than just an able
workforce, the university also strives to assist communities directly by offering
expertise, practical research and effective problem solving strategies
in Creative Economy
80 1dnalFebruary
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnam
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology ajaR 8102on,7Arts
Thailand
PEHTGNdegrees
Undergraduate URK YGare
OLoffered
ONHCEbyT F7Ofaculties:
YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
 Faculty of Education (Thai Program)
 Faculty of Humanities fand
o tneSocial
diserP eht morf egasseM
Sciences
(Thai Program)
 Faculty of science and Technology ( Thai
ygolonProgram)
hcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 
ylgnidrFaculty
occa sahofytManagement
isrevinu ehT Science
.aisA ni( yThai
tisrevinu
dna leProgram)
nnosrep ruo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof
 Faculty of Nursing (Thai Program)
 Faculty of Law (Thai Program)
.eruInternational
tluc dna stra fo nSchool
oitavreserof
p eht dTourism
na ,stpecnoc
(Thai/International Program)
yltnerrare
There uc 6 eramaster’s
ew ,ytdegree ilibaniatsprograms
us dna y(Thai tirepsorProgram)
p offered under
d na la n o i ta c u de e v i
the supervision of Graduate School:tae rc e h t p o le ve d o t d era per p
esu ehtMaster
htiw softnEducation
eduts piuq(M.Ed.)e ot dna smetsys gninrael
evah eW Master of Arts (M.A.) igolonhcet evitavonni fo
. eg d e lw o n k f o se
 Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.)
 Master of Science (M.Sc.)
 Master of Public Health (M.P.H)
 Master of Public Administration (M.P.A)
There is one doctoral degree (Thai Program) offered at Graduate
School:
 Doctor of Education (Leadership on Educational Administration)
Pursuing Wisdom and integrity, these become powerful tools to create better
things for you and your community in the future.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Prayote Kupgarnjanagool

Preasident
272 Moo 9 Surat-Nasan Road, Khun Taleay, Muang Surat Thani,84100 Thailand
Telephone : +66-77-913-333 Fax : +66-77-355-468 Email : info@sru.ac.th
Arts&&Cultures
Cultures in
in Creative Economy


devel
Phuket Rajabhat University
President of Road,
21 Moo 6 Thepkrasattri Rajamangala
Rassada,Universityof
of Technology
Muang Phuket, Krungthep
83000 Thailand
Telephone: +66-76-211-959 Fax: +66-76-211-778
PHUKET RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Philosophy of the University

4.0 that
Phuket Rajabhat University emphasizes
is the theinstitute
educational use ofwhich
technology,
operatescreativity,
with full
responsibilities for social development.
Vision of the University prepared to develop the creative educational and
Phuket Rajabhat University provides and
learning systems diversified
to equipand qualitywith
students education,
the use
performs all academic missions in response to the needs of the individual and society. It
of innovative technologies of knowledge.
also helps to develop and strengthen the community growth in a sustainable way by
We have
placed importance oncultivating
focusing on quality of life, tourism, environment, arts and culture. accomplished and
devel
Mission of the University
1. To educate and encourage academic excellence and professionalism to serve
the needs of the local community and our society.
2. To understand research, develop,Dr.SukitNitinai
and disseminate intellectual capital based
President
on local and Thai wisdom of Rajamangala
as well Universityof
as universal wisdom. of Technology Krungthep
3 . To provide and develop teachers and academic personnel to meet high
professional standards.
4. To conserve local and traditional culture and arts.
5. To develop a management system, search for resources and earn income to
facilitate the University’s development.
Identity
“Morality, Hard work, Volunteerism”
Uniqueness
Phuket Rajabhat University is the educational institute which operates with full
responsibilities for social development.
84 1dnalFebruary
PE
Strategic HTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Goals
fograduates
1. The quality of college tnediserPin ethe
ht global
morf eethics
gasseand
M philanthropists.
pehoftgproducing
2. University nurK ygoquality eT fo ytiThe
lonhcresearch. srevresults
inU alare
agnused
amatojasolve
R local
problems.
ylgnidr3. ocUniversity
ca sah ytiof
srestrengthening
vinu ehT .athe
isAlocal
ni ycommunity.
tisrevinu
dna len4. noEncourage
srep ruo flocal
o tneuniversities
mpoleved toehpromote
t no dethe
succonservation
of and development
oflaarts
noitand
anreculture.
tni ot ngila taht smulucirruc cimedaca
hcraese5. r The
eht University
detomorphasosgood
la emanagement.
vah eW .sdOn radthe
natbasis
s of good governance.
Strategic issues
1. To improve academic standards.

2. Development ofiresearch
anitiNtikquality
uS.rDcreative
 work for local development
pehtgn3.urDevelopment
K ygolonhceof foytisreviservices.
T academic nU alagnamajaR fo tnediserP
4. Conservation promoting art, culture and local knowledge of Andaman
5. Development Management System
Colors of the University
“Orange and Black”

Orange symbolizes the prosperity of all arts and sciences offered by the
University.
Black symbolizes the university students and the staff’s devotion to society.
Orange and Black symbolizes the uniqueness of the graduates who have
acquired knowledge and abilities and are truly devoted to society.
Flag of The University
The flag of Phuket Rajabhat University is a rectangle with a stripe that runs the
length of the flag and divides it into two colors: orange is above stripe and black is
below stripe. The emblem of the institution is in the middle.
Conferenceof
in Creative Economy

Motto of The University
Message or
“Sati Panya Parharati” from the President
“Consciousness is aoftool to control wisdom’’. This
wisdom under University
means thatRajamangala ofconsciousness
the control of Technology Krungthep
can lead us to our goal in life
safely and successfully, and also help us to avoid being the victim of any evil which
would destroy life.  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
devel
Arts&&Cultures
Cultures in
in Creative Economy


devel
President
Phranakhonof Rajamangala Universityof
Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat of Technology Krungthep
University
96, Pridi Banomyong Rd., Pratu Chai,
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya,
Phranakhon Sri Ayutthaya 13000 Thailand
Tel:+663532 2076 - 9
PHRANAKHON SI AYUTTHAYA RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Introduction PhranakhonUniversity
Rajamangala Si Ayutthaya
of Rajabhat University
Rayabsri Kanjanawong
RMUTK
The distance of 90 years from aims to Teacher
Muang Krungkao be a creative
Trainingtechnology
School to
university in
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat Institute Asia. The university has accordingly
In 1995, there waslearning systemsto and
a great change to equip
the teacher students
training with all
colleges theover
use
Thailand. The Teacher Training College Act was improved and changed to
of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have Rajabhat
Institute Act in 1995, and it was enacted on January 25, 1995. The names of the 36
teacher training colleges were changed to Rajabhat Institute. So Phranakhon Si
Ayutthaya Teacher Training Collegegraduatesfor
proficient was changedthetonational devel Si Ayutthaya
development.
Phranakhon
Rajabhat Institute. The 90 year anniversary of Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat
Institute and the institute signboard opening ceremony were held on July 4, 1995 and
chaired by Dr. Nichet Sunthornpitak, the Secretary General of the Rajabhat Institute
Council. Dr.SukitNitinai
His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej granted the name “Rajabhat” and
the royal emblem “Rajabhat” to all the institutes. That was the royal kindness and the
highest honor to all Rajabhat Institutes in Thailand.
90 1dnalFebruary
Suvarnabhumi,
Thailand


evitaerc hThe tiwname res cimedmeans
seciv“Rajabhat” aca ehthe
t ,king’s
tnempscholars.
oleved
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserp eht dna ,sthe
Rajabhat’s emblem: His Majesty tpecpresent
noc King granted his royal
emblem to be the symbol of Rajabhat Institutes with the following meanings:
- The symbol involves the King who founded the institute.
,ytivitaerc ,ygol-oThe nhceform t fo eofsutheehemblem
t sezisahispm e taht 0.involving
moderate, 4 the natural location
, t ne m p o le ve d la n o i ta n re t s of o t n
and is harmonized with the name Rajabhat Institute granted. o i ta v o n n i d na
yltnerruc era - eThe w meaning
,ytilibanofiathetsus5 colors
dna inytthe irepemblem:
sorp
dna lanoitacude Blue evitaermeansc eht pthe olevkings
ed ot who derafounded
perp and granted the name
esu eht hInstitute”.
“Rajabhat tiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys gninrael
evah eW .egdelwGreen onk fo means seigolonlocations
hcet evitof avothenni 40
fo Rajabhat Institutes among
beautiful nature and environment.
.tnempoleveGold d lanomeansitan ehintellectual
t rofsetaudgloryarg tneiciforp
Orange means the great art and cultural glory of the 40 Rajabhat
institutes.
White means the King’s scholars’ pure ideas.
From Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat Institute to Phranakhon Si

Ayutthaya Rajabhat University
In 2004, Rajabhat Institutes improved Rajabhat Institute Act 2005 to
Rajabhat University Act 2004, and was issued on June 15, 2004. The 41 Rajabhat
Institutes around Thailand were upgraded to
Universities and were juristic entity according to the law. Phranakhon
Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat Institute has been changed to Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat
University since then. The university’s signboard opening ceremony was held on July 1,
2004 and chaired by Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya governor, Mr. Somsak Kaewsutthi.
Philosophy
Quality and morality contributed to local development
Conferenceof
in Creative Economy
RAJAMANGALA
Vision UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
To be sources of learning
To exalt morality
To contribute toUniversity
Rajamangala locality of Technology Krungthep
To extend World Heritage of Thai Art and Culture to global
Objectives  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
1. To educate anduniversity in Asia. field
promote academic The ofuniversity
study andhas highaccordingly
vocational
education focused on the development of our personnel and
2. To conduct teaching,
academic make research, provide
curriculums academic
that align services and
to international
transfer modern technological knowledge to society
3. To maintain Thai Art and Culture
development,
4. To produce qualified teachers and theenhance
academic ic services
Teacher’s with creative
Experienced Level
concepts,
Qualification (academic standing) and the preservation of arts and culture.
Aspirations Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
Phra Nakhon Si 4.0 that emphasizes
Ayutthaya the use of technology,
Rajabhat University is a higher creativity,
education
institute for local development andcovering
innovation to foster
a contribution national development,
of intellectual and learning
prosperity
power to people, exaltation of folk wisdom andandcreation
sustainability,
of academicwe fieldare currently
of study for a
stable and sustainable growthprepared
to local. to Indevelop
addition,the
thecreative
institutioneducational
participates and
in
managing and maintaining a balanced and sustainable utilization of natural
learning systems and to equip students with the use resources as
well as environment.
Mission
placededucation
1. To conduct a higher importance oncultivating
level and accomplished
high vocational and
level focusing
proficient graduatesfor the national
on academic standard and quality in consideration of equality of educationaldevel
development.
opportunities accompanied with morality
2. To study, make research and create new Body of Knowledge. Provide
academic service for public together with an integration of research, academic services
and instructions and student improvement Dr.SukitNitinai
Presidentmaintain,
3. To continue, of Rajamangala
exchange,Universityof
learn and of Technology
publicize Krungthep
Thai tradition and
culture in various dimensions.
4. To develop potential of faculty staff and personnel. Promote happiness to
the organization
5. To manage an organization efficiently with good governance for work
excellence
6. To produce and improve instructors and educational personnel to meet
standard
7. To rush in managing an organization efficiently with good governance
for work excellence
8. To support technology to suit society. Enable the management system
and the university to become sources of knowledge base for society
9. To promote and support education. Continue the Royal Initiative and
follow the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy
10. To boost a recognition and awareness in utilizing resource effectively.
Take care and sustainable development of environment
11. To promote the university in compliance with the context “Ayutthaya-
World Heritage City”
12. To pursuit a cooperation with foreign countries for potential growth and
academic strength in order to keep up with globalization society.
in Creative Economy
92 1dnalFebruary
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnam
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology ajaR 8102on,7Arts
Thailand
PCore
EHTValues
GNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Harmony, devotion, curiosity, unique, sources of learning and wisdom for
upgrading the society to an international
fo tnedistandard
serP eht morf egasseM
Identity
Knowledge, Moral and service mind
ylgnidrUniversity
occa sah yColors
tisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
Arts&&Cultures
Cultures in
in Creative Economy


devel

2 Nanglinchee Road, Thung Mahamek,
Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand
94 1dnalFebruary
RajamangalapehUniversity
tgnurK yof onhceT fo yKrungthep
golTechnology tisrevinU was
alagn amajaR on 18
established
January 2005, as a vocational institution of higher educational level offering Bachelor’s
and
ygoMaster’s
lonhcet Degrees.
evitaercThe
a University
eb ot smwas ia Kformed
TUMRas a merger between three vocational
institutions, all with long histories and illustrious reputations, and comprised of the
following:
Rajamangala Institute of Technology South Bangkok campus or Home-making
Women’s College, renowned for its courses in crafts and flower arrangements, culinary
arts, food and processed food science, and dressmaking and fashion design, for over 80
years.
ianiof
Rajamangala Institute tiNTechnology
tikuS.rD Bangkok Technical College, has a 60
pehreputation
year tgnurK ygfor
olothe T foytisrevinofUvocational
nhcedevelopment alagnamajskills,
aR fo including
tnediserP the service and
tourism sectors, as well as careers in chemistry and chemical engineering, electrical
engineering and electronics, furniture design, hotel management, mechanical and
survey engineering, photography, textiles, and so on.
The Rajamangala Institute of Technology Bophit Phimuk Mahamek campus
has a 30 year reputation for excellence and a curriculum consisting of a diverse range of
disciplines from business administration and marketing, to a variety of foreign
languages including Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean.
Therefore, Rajamangala Institute of Technology Krungthep may be considered
a center of both vocational and theoretical knowledge with practical applications, and
offers three main subject areas:
1) Management: Marketing, Accounting, Business Administration,
Information Technology, and Property Valuation
2) Creative Economy Industry – especially designed for vocational studies
in the areas of lifestyle services and general services, including the Development of
Local Thai Products, Fashion Design, Hotel Management, Industrial Design,
Photography, Printing, Radio and Television, Textiles, Tourism and Services, and the
Thai Culinary Arts including Thai Halal Food and Food and Processed Food Sciences.
3) Engineering – which includes Aeronautics, Chemical Engineering, Civil
Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Electrical
Conferenceof
in Creative Economy

Engineering, Industrial Surveying, Industrial Technology, Machinery and Technical
Education.
At present, Message from theInstitute
the Rajamangala Presidentof of
Technology Krungthep offers
Bachelor’sRajamangala University
and Master’s Degrees of Technology
in 7 Faculties Krungthep
and 1 College, as follows:
1. International College

2. Faculty of Technical RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
Education
3. Faculty of Homeuniversity
Economicsin Asia. The university has accordingly
Technology
focused
4. Faculty of Business on the development of our personnel and
Administration
5. Faculty of Science and Technology
6. Faculty of Engineering
7. Faculty of Liberal Arts
8. Faculty of Textile Industry.
devel
The Next 10 Years for Rajamangala Institute of Technology Krungthep

Over the next 10 years, Rajamangala InstituteofofTechnology
President of Rajamangala Universityof TechnologyKrungthep
Krungthep
will keep its promise to produce graduates who are both creative and well-qualified.
The production of well-qualified graduates will be based on academic and strategic
planning as well as different facets of the objectives of value creation. These students
will be equipped with the knowledge and skills to meet the demands of the workforce
required for the new industry clusters in Thailand, as categorized by Office of the
National Economic and Social Development Board as the rising stars of Thai industry,
which are as follows:
The clean energy industry, the aeronautical industry, the creative industry,
the health and beauty products industry, and the food industry, in particular, Halal food.
Creative Technology is part of the teaching and learning style used in Rajamangala
Institute of Technology Krungthep.
In this context, Creative Technology can be defined as teaching and learning
processes that stimulate creative skills, enhancing the perceptions and thought processes
of students which may allow them to find new solutions to old problems with the aid of
a new perspective. In this way, better answers and innovative results may be obtained.
For example, electric fans have rotating blades that may injure children. So, students
must ask themselves if it is possible to design an electric fan without blades? This is one
way to generate new learning ideas.
17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand 95
February 15-17,
ARTICLE
International Conference
February University ofonTechnology
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University
Arts & Cultures
Suvarnabhumi,
of Technology Suvarnabhumi, 99
Thailand 15
in Creative Thailand
Economy
A Challenge OF TECHNOLOGY
for intangible KRUNGTHEP
heritages at Angkor site
MessageVutthySiv,
from the President
Assoc.Profof
Rajamangala University
TES Sothy, of Technology
Assistant Krungthep
Professor
1. Introduction  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology

Angkor archaeologicalfocusedsite hason the
beendevelopment of our personnel
basically considered as theand most
astounding historic achievementacademic curriculums
on earth from the glorythat periodalign to international
of Khmer empire from
standards.
9th century to 13th century. Basically, it hasWebeenhave also promoted
registered the research
as world heritage site since
development,
1992 on the territory of 401 square the which
kilometers academic ic services
consist with temples
of many creativeand
concepts,
villages in particular of continuity and thebeliefs
practicing preservation of arts and culture.
and religions.The International
Coordinating Committee for safeguarding Under thegovernment’s
of the historic site ofvision
Angkor of Thailand
(May 2010)
recognized that the broad range4.0 of that
site emphasizes
attributes expressed
the use of in technology,
Angkor: Heritage Values
creativity,
and Issues Reportand outlined the andcharacteristics
innovation of to the site as:
foster national development,
1. An Archaeological prosperity parkandfeaturing centuries-old
sustainability, we are grandiose(sic)
currently
monuments and remains of cities on toptoof develop
prepared one another. The site and
the creative the monuments
educational and
extend over landscape marked learning
by structuring
systemselements
and to of historical
equip studentsimportance(ancient
with the use
thoroughfares,Barays, moats and of canals, bridges)
innovative or more recent
technologies addition. We have
of knowledge.
2. An environment in which
placed some 100,000
importance oncultivatinginhabitants live andand
accomplished work,
comprising 112 villages and hamlets
proficient throughout the 40,000
graduatesfor hectares
the national develof the site included
development.
on the world heritage list. The key activity is agriculture, but communities are also
involved in cottage industry and small trade activities here and there. Moreover, Angkor
is a living religious space, with a great pagoda in active use.
Regarding to the statement above, Dr.SukitNitinai
Angkor sitehas been known as a ‘living site’
due to local villagers surrounding the temples still use
President of Rajamangala Universityof the traditional
of Technology way of life
Krungthep
especially practicing unique ceremonies. For instance, temples are considered as a
sacred place to be respected, and often associated with auspicious or religious powers or
essences. In this point of view, Pithi Chhlong Vaiy (passage rites) have been frequently
conducted from the birth of a childtodeath in local communities that mostly disappeared
from most parts of Cambodia. So they cannot only reinforce the bond among member of
the community but also keep their identities and value as well.
Currently, APSARA Authority is mandated to manage and protect Angkor site
since 1995, which collaborates with foreign institutions to conserve and preserve
temples including ancient capital complex and local villagers surrounding. In
particular,APSARA Authority has collaborated with New Zealand on the Living with
Heritage Project provided technical assistance on agriculture to locals in order to
alleviate poverty‘s reduction in Angkor site.
International Conference on Arts & CulturesInternational
in Creative Economy on Arts & Cultures in Creative Economy
1001dnalFebruary
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamConference
ajaR 8102 ,71-51 yraurbeF
February 15-17,


hcraeser eht detomorp osla evah eW KorChuk(The
.sdradnats cutting of the top-knot)
top
Bangkok Chhmop(Birth)
CholMlup (Entering the shade) Bous Neak (Buddhist Ordination)
Mongkull Kar (Marriage) Chamroen Ayu(Prologing of life)
PithiChhlongVaiy
(passage rites)in Angkor Park
Bochea Soap(Cremation)
Arts & Cultures
Suvarnabhumi,
Thailand 15
Economy
2.RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
The major challenges OF TECHNOLOGY
to Angkor world heritage site KRUNGTHEP
According to Message from the

the statement in President
the Angkor: of Heritage Values and Issues
has suggested University
Report(2008)Rajamangala concerning of as Technology
following: Krungthep
Contemporary management of the archaeological values of the great city of
Angkor is faced with a number  of RMUTK
challenges,aims to be the
including a creative
need to technology
conserve and
interpret archaeology while allowing the daily life of the inhabitant continue. Changing
focused
land use, arrival of new technology andonwider
the development
economic factors of our
suchpersonnel and
as demographic
change driven by urbanization allacademic curriculums
serve to threaten that align
the physical to international
archaeological evidence.
development,
3. The changing of local perceptions towards theritual
academic ic services with creative
ceremonies
The tourism development in Angkor Under parkthegovernment’s
has provided vision of Thailand to
many opportunities
4.0 that emphasizes
improve local economy and contribute to conserving the temples
use of technology,
but at the creativity,
same time it
also creates enormous negativeand innovation
impacts to foster
on intangible national
heritages. In fact,development,
for example, in
case of KorChuk (the cutting prosperity
of the top-knot and hair),
sustainability, rarelyareseencurrently
the rite is we in Prodak
village if comparing to 25 years ago.We found that most of young educational
prepared to develop the creative children don't andkeep
learning
their top-knot hair for practicingthis systems rite
traditional andanymore
to equip because
studentsofwiththeirthe use
changing
behavior as influenced by touristof innovative
environment technologies
and acceptingof knowledge.
modernismWe have In
quickly.
addition, the local perception onplaced
holding importance
those ritualoncultivating accomplished
ceremonies iscontinuing and
to decline
proficient
due to the number of people joining are graduatesfor the national
gradually decreasing, anddevelopment.
devel
some of them thought
that some celebrating rituals such as KorChuk and Bous Neak(Buddhist ordination) are
not necessary to spend much money and time too.
4. The demographic change in Angkor park Dr.SukitNitinai

President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
Some local residents are still living in their houses in Angkor Park, but some
have moved to the town to increase their family incomes. On the other hand, some
young local couples have been awarded a new land at Run Ta Ek Ecotourism
Development for building a new house because of strict prohibition of new construction
at their old land.The question is that do they continue practicing their beliefs and rites?
Moreover, we observed that newcomers from other part of Cambodia moved in to
Angkor park to look for doing businesses with tourism. In fact, they don't have
perception on the values and significance of Angkor especially specific rituals so they
are careless of joining those activities.
5. Lack of willing and implementation on intangible cultural conservation
Though the research on intangible heritage in Angkor site has been also
documented well by some scholars and team from APSARA authority,some articles
related to those have been printed. In addition, the norm of preservation and
conservation on intangible heritage specific to Angkor site has been drafted and
discussed since2012 by the participation from several stakeholders but the action on its
implementation is not yet carried out.Further more, the trends of this conservation is
neglected while mostly focused on temples’ restoration. Actually, there are lacks of
financial and human resourcesespecially intangible specialists to manage it properly.
1021dnalFebruary
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU International
alagnamajaRConference
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology 8102 ,71-51onyrArts
Suvarnabhumi, aurb&eFCultures in Creative Economy
Thailand

6. Conclusion
Angkor park is a sacred fo t n edisewith

place rP ethe
ht m orf egasof
diversity seMKhmer Empire‘s capital and
the remaining of ppeople ehtgnurbelief
K ygothat ytisrevinU
lonhciseTa fochallenge to amanage
lagnamaadequately
jaR and to
accomplish the world heritage‘s regulation. Generally, from the point of view in
ygolonhceand
conserving t evpreserving
itaerc a ebonothe t sm ia KTUMR sites and
archaeological  temples have been done well,
ylgintangible
but nidrocca sheritages
ah ytisrehave
vinu notehTmet .aiits
sA goals
ni ytyet.
isrevinu
dna lenActually,
nosrep ruwe o focould
tnemnotpoldeny
eved any eht developments
no desucof that created both negative and
lanoitanimpacts
positive retni otonngsocio-cultural
ila taht smuand lucireconomic
ruc cimedaspects.
aca Some evidences were found
hcraeshave
which er ehshown
t detothat
morpsome oslabeliefand
evah eW .sdradnatbeen
ritualshave s gradually neglected by local
evitaerinc Angkor
people htiw sesites s ci m
civrethat edabe
will ca a emajor
ht ,tnecause
mpoleofvedisappearance
d in the nearest future.
So it.eisrutalurapid
c dna schange
tra fo nofoitalocal
vreseperception
rp eht dna ,stowards
tpecnoc rituals, but those should have a
dnaliahT offoacceptable
limitation noisiv s’tnchange
emnrevthat ogehcant rebe
dnUcontrolled. Otherwise, APSARA Authority,
,ytivipublic
other taerc ,ysectors,
golonhcand et foother
esu estakeholder
ht sezisahpm e tahtot 0pay
have .4 more attention on taking action
in,tpreserving
nempoleveand d laconserving
noitan retintangible
sof ot noheritage
itavonniin dAngkor
na as strong as possible.
7.dnReferences
a lanoitacude evitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp
evah eW [1].egdAngChoulean.
elwonk fo sei(2004).
golonhcBreahet eviLing,
tavonnREIYUM
i fo publishing, Phnom Penh
dna deh[2] silpmAngChoulean,
occa gnitavitluAshleycno ecnTatrand opmBrinowich.(1997).
i decalp Angkor: Past, Present
.tnempoand leveFuture,
d lanoitAPSARA,
an eht rofsSiem
etaudaReap,
rg tneCambodia.
iciforp
[3] APSARA Authority. (2012). Angkor: World Heritage Area; Tourism
Management Plan, Siem Reap, Cambodia.
[4] Mckercher B and Cros D.H. (2002). Cultural Tourism: The Partnership
ianitiNand
between Tourism tikuCultural
S.rD Heritage Management, Haworth Press.
pehtgn[5]urK yVikery
golonhcM. foytisreHistory
eT(2002). vinU alaof gnCambodia,
amajaR fo RUFA,
tnediserPhnom
P Penh
February
International
February 15-17, 2018
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Technology Creative Economy
Suvarnabhumi,
103
Thailand15
Language, OF History
Culture, and TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
in Cambodia
Message from Vongthe MengPresident of

Deputy Director-General
National Language Institute, Royal Academy of Cambodia
Email:
mengifl@gmail.com
university
Tel: in Asia. The university has accordingly
+855-12-446-416
academic
Abstract curriculums that align to international
Language and culture aredevelopment,
interrelated with the each
other because with creative
language is a
cornerstone in culture. A study ofconcepts, and culture
a particular the preservation of arts
is required and culture.
to study vernacular
language of the culture in order to interpretUnder thegovernment’s
the concepts correctly sovision of Thailand
that Sapir-Whorf
Hypothesis plays an important role4.0 in that emphasizes
describing the use of technology,
the relationship between thecreativity,
language
and culture. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and states that different
innovation to fosterlanguages
nationalprovide different
development,
means of receiving and presentingprosperity
the world around us; therefore, speakers
and sustainability, we are receive the
currently
world with different situation. This means tothat
prepared language
develop theand cultureeducational
creative influence each
and
other. The objective of this paper is to investigate
learning systems andtheto Khmer identification
equip students anduse
with the to
promote Khmer scholars. of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
The research engages in two different
placed methodological
importance approaches.
oncultivating The issueand
accomplished of
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis will beproficient
subject tograduatesfor
a desktop ofthe language
nationaland culture analysis,
devel
development.
while comparative method will be subject to language and history to 16 semi-structured
interviews with government officials, community, and local people happened in four
location of fieldwork: Pursat province, Takeo province, Siem Reap province and the
Phnom Penh, capital city Dr.SukitNitinai
In addition, language and history are correlated ofstrongly
President of Rajamangala Universityof with Krungthep
Technology each other
because language aspect links the language with history in the study of comparative and
historical linguistics or historical linguistics. The comparative and historical linguistics
became the independent major of linguistics in the 19th century in order to reconstruct
the proto-language of the same language family and the same cognates with the
reconstruction in terms of phonemes, morphemes, lexemes, and syntax. Moreover,
language is related to the history because this subject studies the history of each
language with diachrony and showing how and why language changes over time.
This research examines three main factors. Firstly, this paper address the four
main key terms including a cult of personality, kamraten jagat ta raja (devaraja in
Sanskrit), culture of gratitude, and cultural memory in Cambodian society. The royal
government of Cambodia through the Royal Academy of Cambodia constructed the
statues of Khmer scholars and ancestors in some historical sites and in the garden. The
historical sites was established the ancestor statues while the statues of the scholars
were built inside the garden because they have been viewed from not only local but also
international tourists. Secondly, this paper explores the practice and development of
Kamraten Jagat ta raja from ancient time until the present day. Kamraten jagat ta raja
and Devaraja (God-King in Sanskrit) are challenged among scholars who are working
on Cambodia because Kamraten Jagat ta raja is an old Khmer and it has existed from
ancient time before the term of Devaraja was created in Sanskrit. Thirdly, this paper
also investigates the purification of Khmer identification before the influences of
Indianization by looking at the language, culture, and history of Cambodia.
Keywords: Language, culture, history, cult of personality, cultural memory
1041dnalFebruary
Thailand

1. Introduction
Cultural studies needfolanguagetnediseras P eahttool

moforrf ecommunication
gasseM because language
pehtgnmoreover,
is cornerstone of culture; urK ygoloLenkeit o ytisrevithat
nhceT fdescribes nU a“linguistics
lagnamajaR became a part of
anthropology for two reasons. First, language is the cornerstone of culture. Second, to
doygethnographic
olonhcet evitafieldwork,
erc a eb anthropologists
ot smia KTUMoften R had to begin by writing their own
ylgnidroccaand
dictionaries sahgrammars
ytisrevinofu aehnative
T .aislanguage”(Lenkeit,
A ni ytisrevinu 2009).
dna lenVernacular
nosrep ruo language
fo tnempcan oleveinterpret
d eht noculture
desucoclearly
f so that both language and
lanoitafill
culture nretin
ni each
ot nother;
gila tLeinkeit
aht smul(2009) ucirrucalsocimargues
edaca that “It seems clear that culture
hcraeser language,
influences eht detomcertainly
orp oslainevthe ah wayeW that
.sdrvocabulary
adnats is elaborated.” There was a
evitaerc hcontiguous
discussion tiw secivrethe medaca ofehlanguage
s ciimpacts t ,tnempoon levculture
ed or vice versa. Based on the
.erutluc dthe
investigation na sHopi’s
tra fo nlanguage
oitavreseand rp ehsome
t dna cultures,
,stpecnocBenjamin L. Whorf generated the
dnaliahthat
aspect T foa nlanguage
oisiv s’tnepushes
mnrevothe gehtorator’s
rednU mother tongue to identify the objects
,ytivitaerc(Leinkeit,
distinctly ,ygolonhc2009).
et fo esBoth
u eht sSapir
ezisahandpmeWhorf
taht 0.4worked together to examine the
relationship
,tnempolevebetween
d lanoitathe n relanguage
tsof ot nand oitavculture
onni dnby a establishing the Sapir-Whorf
hypothesis.
yltnerruc “The era eSapir-Whorf
w ,ytilibanhypothesis
iatsus dnastates ytirethat
psorlanguage
p constructs our perception
ofdnreality”
a lanoit(Leinkeit,
acude evi2009 taerc :eh79).In
t polefact,
ved oint order
derapetorp understand the Khmer language
clearly,
esu ehtthe htiwlearners
stnedushould
ts piuqeunderstand
ot dna smethe tsysKhmer
gninraeculture;
l otherwise, they are really
difficult
evah eW to catch
.egdelupwowith
nk fothesecontext.
igolonhcFor et eexample,
vitavonniiffoyou want to borrow the book from
someone
dna dehbut silpmtheocowners
ca gnitamight
vitlucsay
no e“tomorrow
cnatropmi Idwill ecalpgive you a book.” In this context,
the borrower
.tnempomight
leved think
lanoitathat
n ehhet roor
fseshe
taudwould
arg tneitake
ciforthe
p booktomorrow. In fact, this
phrase, the native speaker might understand that you will not come to take it because I
will not give you any more tomorrow. Frankly speaking, unless the listeners do not
understand the culture of the speaker, the listeners might think differently.
In the study of ilanguage
anitiNtikuand S.rDhistory,
 the language studies go beyond the
history
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnedComparative
through comparative and historical linguistics. iserP and historical
linguistics became the independent subject of linguistics in the 19th century in order to
reconstruct the proto-languages of the cognates with comparative method. Herndon
states that “investigation of similarities and differences among languages is called
comparative linguistics. As language scholars began to establish patterns of
relationships among languages, their work came to be called historical linguistics”.
(Herndon, 1998 : 412). In comparative method, this process takes the same languages
in the same language family with cognates to reconstruct the protolanguage such as
phonemes, morphemes, lexemes, and syntax. Moreover, this study examines the history
of each languages with diachronic studies and it demonstrates how and why the
languages change over time.
This paper investigates the four key terms such as cultural memory, culture of
gratitude, a cult of personality, and kamraten Jagat ta raja or Devaraja in Sanskrit.
“Cultural memory studies are a decidedly international field: Important concepts have
been generated in France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Canada, the United States, and
the Netherlands”(Erll, 2008, p. preface and Acknowledgement). The term of cultural
memory was described as the multi-disciplinary subjects because it covers many
subjects such as “history, the social and political sciences, philosophy and theology,
psychology, the neurosciences, and psychoanalysis, as well as in literary and media
studies”(Erll, 2008). The term of “culture of gratitude” was created by Sorn Samnang, a
former president of the Royal Academy of Cambodia while he taught the students for
Master’s degree program since 2008. In contrast, the term of “cult of personality” was
pioneered by the Trang Ngea, a Khmer historian. Her work was established in the
February
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RAJAMANGALA
history UNIVERSITY
of Cambodia published in 1973. InOF oldTECHNOLOGY
Khmer “kara ten jagatKRUNGTHEP
raja” refers to the
god who was the king while Devaraja refers to the worship of the king like the god
because they believed thatMessage
the king from the god
was the President of on earth and the god who
who live
Rajamangala
helped to lead the society. University of Technology Krungthep
This research was organized into three main points. Firstly, this paper
investigates the reconstruction  of four RMUTK
key termsaims to be toa promote
in order creative the
technology
Khmer
university
identity.The primary data was gathered in Asia.
from four The Pursat
locations: university has accordingly
province, Siem Reap
focusedPenh,
province, Takeo province and the Phnom on the
thedevelopment of our personnel
capital of Cambodia. Secondly, and
this
paper examines the development academic
of history ofcurriculums that align
practical beliefs from to
the international
ancient time
until present. Thirdly, this researchstandards. We have
investigates also ofpromoted
the spirit the research
identification through
language, culture, and history. development, the academic ic services with creative
2. Research Aim Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
This paper is to investigate
andtheinnovation
Khmer identity throughnational
to foster language,development,
culture, and
history in order to promote Cambodian scholars.
3. Result learning systems and to equip students with the use
Key terms to be investigated
1. A Cult of personality (Lithi bokul
proficient niyum) the national development.
graduatesfor devel
Lithi Bokul niyum (A Cult of personality) was introduced by Trang Ngea
since 1973 and it was published in her book “a History of Cambodia.” She argued
(1973)(Treng, 1973) that:
Lithi Bokul niyum refers to theDr.SukitNitinai
worship of the king’s ancestor who was
promoted to be equal toPresident
the god goddess. This
of Rajamangala was questioned
Universityof whether thisKrungthep
of Technology new belief
was a branch of Deravaja (God-King) or in contrast, the Deravaraja was an aspect of
Lithi Bokul Niyum? However, the worship of the ancestor was applied to the Khmer
society for long time ago. Recent time, Cambodian have been worshipped this belief
and this practices were found in the Phchhum Ben’s day (Spirit Festival). (p.141)
This studies described that Lithibokul niyum or a cult of personality was
appeared since 879 A.D. during the reign of Indra varaman who constructed the Preah
Ko temple in Rolous, Siem Reap province. This temples was built to worship his father,
mother, grandparents of the King Jaya varaman II and his wife (Treng, 1973, p. 140).
This cult was applied to the society from the 9th century until the 12th century and the
worship of the cult of personality was practice like the Devaraja. The cult of personality
was worshipped by the last king, Preah Chan Reja reigned from 1516 AD until 1566
A.D.
2. Kamraten Jagat ta raja
The term of Kamraten Jagat ta raja was inscribed in old Khmer
inscription. This term was derived from the “Kamraten jagat” and “ta raja”. “ Kamraten
jagat” refers to the god and we can find this word in Khmer inscription K. 682 (vrah
kamraten an Jagat ta raja), K. 216, K.34, K.963 while the term “ ta raja” means “ of the
king.” (Pou, 1992 : 88). Coe (2004) argues that “ Kamraten jagat ta raja refers to the
god who is the king (Coe, 2004 : 99).
1061dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEH3.TG NURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

Devaraja
Miheyew (1985) described that Devaraja refers to the worship of the king
like the god by creating the fideology o tnediseof rPauthority
eht morfwhich egassedenotes
M to the power of the
king. In addition, the pehpowerful
tgnurK yking golon didhcenot o ytisrevithe
T frepresent nU god,
alagnbut
amhe
ajawas
R the god who
was living on earth. He was the one who unified the elites with Brahmin of the state by
ygolonwith
dealing hcet theevitland
aerc dispute
a eb oof t sthe
miafarmers,
KTUMR feudal class,  and pagoda’s property. This
ylgnidwas
belief roccathesahcombination
ytisrevinu ebetween hT .aisA the ni yAustroasiatic
tisrevinu Mon-Khmer: the belief of
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le ve d e h t n o de s u c o
matriarchy; the ancestor was the king who worshipped Neakta and Tanra, the belieff
lanoitacombined
which nretni ot the ngilgod
a tahand t smthe ulucking
irrucwith cimeShiva.
daca Moreover, the Brahman who
hcraeser the
organized ehtcelebration
detomorp announced osla evah the eWpower .sdraofdnthe
ats god with king, Kralaphthaikrom
evitKhmer)
(old aerc htiw secivrethe
meaning imedon
s cking acaearth.
eht ,This
tnemcelebration
poleved was worshipped to the Isvara
with .eroyal
rutluc linga.
dna straThe fo noRoyalitavreslinga
erp ehtrepresents
dna ,stpecnthe oc king’s power to demonstrate
dnaliahT foand
humankind noiphysical
siv s’tnembody. nrevogInehprinciple,
t rednU the Devaraja reflects the individuals,
,ytivitaeand
society, rc ,ythe
golgods.
onhceThey t fo earesu einterrelated
ht sezisahpm e taheach
with t 0.4other because the individuals and
the
,tngods
empodemonstrate
leved lanoithe tan Buddhism
retsof otand noPrahmanism
itavonni dnain Khmer society. Miheyew called
the
yltnking
errucanderthe a egood
w ,ylikethe
tilibaniareligion
tsus dnand a ypeople
tirepsor((Miheyew,
p 1985, pp. 57-60)). In
addition,
dna lanoheitaalsocudeclaimed
evitaerthat c ehthet pking
olevehadd othet dlink
erapebetween
rp the god and the people and
inesprinciples
u eht htiwofstthe nedorganization
uts piuqe ot of dnathesmstate
etsystheygninwere
rael classified into god, religion, the
king,
evahelites,
eW .citizen,
egdelwoand nk slaves
fo seigin olosociety.
nhcet evitavonni fo
dna dehsilpmMoreover,
occa gnitavTreng itlucno Ngeaecnatralso
opmi stated
decalp that “Devaraja” refers to the
declaration
.tnemofpothelevindependence
ed lanoitan ehfrom t rofseJava
taudandarg tcalled
neicifonew rp name as “kampuja desa.” The
administration of Kampuja Desa was led by the King Jayavarman II celebrated by
Purohita “Brahmin who served the king.” First purohita’s name was Hiranayateam who
came from the countryside commemorated the rituals with Vinashikha. Next generation
of purohita was Shivakavalaya ianitiNtikuwho S.rD was the student of Hiranayaterm. The
Shivakavalaya
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alapurana—Vinashikha,
purohita studies the four gnamajaR fo tnediserPNiyotara, Samoha, and
Shircheta. This procedure demonstrated the king’s and prahmin’s role to run the society
and public policy for development.
Ros Chantraboth described that “Devaraja” meaning that declaration of
the king to be equal to the god and to be kingship. Devaraja was also the public policy
of the Khmer Empire for leadership and it was stated in Sdok Kok Thom inscription,
K.235. Furthermore, this belief was also classified into two powers: Brahmin
Shivakavalaya represented the lawmakers or assembly while the king represented the
legislative body (Chantrabot, 1998).
More importantly, Devaraja refers to the rituals which declared the king
as the Universal Monarch. Moreover, the king who represented the god on earth had
power and prestige to wage war, love, poetry-makers, wealth, and many rituals
(Chandler, 2005). In addition, Chandler (2005) added that the king’s leadership with
Brahmanism collected the rituals, temple construction, poetry-writing, marriage,
inscriptions, prestige, and god.
4. Culture of Attitudes
Cultural memory was created first by Academician Sorn Samnang, the
former president of the Royal Academy of Cambodia in 2008. He claimed that the
Khmer ancestors’ Statues like Choun Nath, Daun Penh, and Krom Ngoy. These
represented the Khmer ancestors who devoted the efforts for the nation (Samnang,
2008).
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5. Cultural Memory
Cultural memory was established and used worldwide first in Europe and
then spread in Germany, the Message
Unitedfrom theand
States, President
around the of world. Erll described that
“Cultural memory is certainly aUniversity
Rajamangala multifarious of nation,
Technology
a termKrungthep
often used in an ambiguous
and vague way. Media, practices, and structures as diverse as myth, monuments,
historiography, rituals, conversational
 RMUTK aims toconfigurations
remembering, be a creative of technology
cultural
knowledge, and neuronal networksuniversity in Asia.
are nowadays The university
subsumed under thishaswideaccordingly
umbrella
term” (Erll, 2008 : 1). The studies focused on the memory
of cultural developmenthave of our personnel
become the field and
and
Master’s degree. In a broad understanding that alignErls
of cultural memory, to suggested
internationalas
provisional definition “the interplay standards.
of presentWe haveinalso
and past promotedcontexts”
socio-cultural the research
(Erll,
2008 : 2). Specifically, Erll also development,
added that “…theandacademic
indeed,ic the
services withand
strongest creative
most
striking studies in cultural memory concepts,
are basedandontheinterdisciplinary
preservation of exchange—between
arts and culture.
media studies and cultural history (J. Assmann; Under thegovernment’s
A. Assmann), history visionand of sociology
Thailand
(Olick), neuroscience and social 4.0 psychology
that emphasizes the use Markowitsch),
(Welzer; of technology, creativity,
cognitive
psychology and history (Manierand and innovation
Hirst) or social
to foster psychology
national and linguistics
development,
(Echterhoff).” prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
To sum up, cultural memory
preparedis tothedevelop
field of thestudycreative
which iseducational
relevant to andthe
society, media, and cognitive process,learning and theirand
systems ceaseless
to equipinterplay
students (Erll,
with the2008).
use
Furthermore, this field also includes of both positivetechnologies
innovative and negativeof impacts of the society.
knowledge. We have
6. Beliefs and Practices placed importance oncultivating accomplished and
Kamraten Jagat orproficient
Devarajagraduatesfor
were practicedthe and valued
national by the King and
devel
development.
this was promoted the king to be god on earth because the king and his counselors
organized the public policy of the state, unification, and development. As a result, the
belief and practices were established in the Khmer before the foreign influences of
India. The beliefs and practices of India in ancient time looked similar to the Khmer and
then the Brahmanism President
and Buddhism started to assimilate
of Rajamangala Universityof in old Khmer
of Technology Krungthepwith
nationalism.
Based on arguments with some terms which mentioned the beliefs and
practices we can reconstruct the Khmer identification through temple construction, the
statues of the kings, the statues of ancestors, stupas building, and the statues of heroes
and scholars in the modern time. In addition, the construction of stupa for developments
and deconstructions reflect the two heritage for the humanity. The buildings of
deconstructionwere established as a memory such as museum for Khmer Rouge and
Koh Pich Stupa to demonstrate the killing field for Cambodia society.
During the pre-Angkorian and Angkorian period, the Kamraten jagat was
characteristic to represent the ancestor in old time and Neak Ta in the modern time. “At
present any statement about the nature of such local gods is hypothetical, but since five
of them are quite possibly gods of places, in particular the last four named who are vrah
kamratān añ or vrah kamratan lords (kamratan) of places, and the first-named was god
of the road, it is not impermissible to infer that they might have been protective spirits
like the modern nak/’neak’ta” (Vickery, 1998, p. 144).
In ancient time, the Khmer constructed the hills or cottage for pavilion to
be named the ancestor or Neak Ta. Firstly, the king constructed the temple to dedicate
to the parents and the royal family such as Preah Ko temple. Secondly, the construction
of parent’s statues to be equal to the god; specifically the statue of mother’s Jayavarman
was called the prajabaramita while the statue of the father was called Avaloketesvara.
Lastly, the king also built the stupa to dedicate the parents or ancestors.
1081dnalFebruary
Thailand
In the modernPEHTG NUR

time, the K constructions
YGOLONHC ofEChoun
T FO Y TISRDaun
Nath, EVIN U ALand
Penh, AGKrom
NAMNgoy
AJARwere
built to Khmer scholar and ancestor for the next generation. However, Cheung Ek
museum was constructed to fdedication o tnediserPofeh t mkilling
the orf egafieldsseMthat destroyed the Khmer
around 1.7 millionpein htgthenurPol K yPot goloregime
nhceT fwhile o ytisrthe evinKoh
U alPich
agnam ajaRwas created to
Stupa
dedicate to the people who died 350 with 750 injured.
y lg n i d r oc c a s a h
4. Conclusion and Discussion y t i sr e v i n u e h T .a i sA n i y t i sr e v i n u
lanoitanResources
retni ot nofgiKhmer la taht inscriptions,
smulucirrucbeliefs cimedand acapractices, and evidences from the
hcraesancestors
Khmer er eht dewere tomocreated
rp oslathe evstrong
ah eWand.sdreliable radnats sources in the study of language,
evitaercand
culture, htiwhistory
secivrwith es c i m edaca eto
claimed ht be,tne4290
mpolevyears ed B.C.E in the Liang Spean’s
.erutluc (Coe,
excavations dna st2004).
ra fo noThis itavreevidences
serp eht dwere na ,stpinterpreted
ecnoc that the Khmer consisted of
dnaliahThistory,
territory, fo noislanguage,
iv s’tnemand nrevidentification.
ogeht rednU Moreover, the term Kamraten jagat was
,ytivancient
the itaerc ,yculture
golonhceoft fothe esuKhmer
eht seziexisted
sahpme tbefore aht 0.4 the influences of India. More
significantly,
,tnempolevePchhum d lanoitBen, an rethe tsospirit
f ot festival
noitavoof nnCambodia
i dna to dedicated to the ancestors,
has
yltnbeen
erruc practiced
era ew for ,ytililong
baniattimesus dago na andytirepthis sorpdemonstrated that the national
identification.
esu eht Ahtcult iw softnepersonality
duts piuqe was ot dnlinked
a smeto tsythe
s gnPchhum
inrael Ben festival because this belief
was
evapractices
h eW .egin delthe
wonancient
k fo setime igolobefore
nhcet ethe vitareformation
vonni fo of the state. The interrelations
with
dna the dehcitizen,
silpmoctradition,
ca gnitavleadership
itlucno ecnalso atrowere
pmi destablished
ecalp the Devaraja in 802 andthe
Jayavarman .tnemII pocelebrated
leved lanofirst itan einhtAram
rofsetRongchin
audarg tnetemple iciforp on the Kulen Mountain. It was
clear that the Devaraja was said in the Sdok Kok Thom inscription, K.235 and this
masterpiece was inscribed by the King Udayatiyavarman II in 1052. In the modern
studies and evidence demonstrated that the ancestors and scholars were constructed as
the statues located in theiamiddle nitiNtikof uS.the
rD park to recognize the achievements and to
remind
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnand
the next generation in order to value amaremember
jaR fo tneboth ancestors and scholars.
diserP
In the global context, the cultural memory becomes the field study and M.A
program because each field takes their own method to conduct research so that the
cultural memory and memory in Khmer such as the construction of statues, temples,
stupa, vihara, and ancestors’ achievements such as Khleang Meoung. The construction
of Neak Ta Khleang Meoung became the divine and pavilion both in Pursat and Takeo
province while the museum of Killing field and Koh Pich Stupa were constructed to
remind the next generation that Cambodia consists of both positive and negative
achievement in society.
5. Suggestions
This research provided the findings of how to explore the Khmer identity
through the constructions of statues of the ancestor with reconstructions of some
terminologies as mentioned above. In order to be more practical in the Cambodian
society today we should:
1. To establish the Center for old Khmer to study the ancient civilization.
This center will provide knowledge and explore the past of the Khmer Empire through
inscriptions;
2. To education the next generation with old Khmer, Sanskrit and Pali to
examine the resources for future development;
3. To cooperate foreign institutions in order to do further research and
collaborative research project;
February
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4. To established OF TECHNOLOGY
the M.A program in Old Khmer,KRUNGTHEP
Sanskrit and Pali to
extend the research.
6. Referenc Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
[1] Chandler, D. P. (2005).

 RMUTK
History aims to Bangkok
of Cambodia. be a creative technology
: Silworm Book.
[2] university
Chantrabot, R. (1998). in Asia.Paris:
Khmer history. The L'harmattan.
university has accordingly
[3] Coe, M. D. (2004). focused
Angkor and on the Khmer
development of ourLondon:
civilization. personnel and
Thames
& Hudson. academic curriculums that align to international
[4] Erll, A., & Nunning, standards. We haveCultural
A. (2008). also promoted
memory the research
studies: An
Introduction. Berlin:development,
Walter de Gruyter.the academic ic services with creative
[5] Herndon, J. H. (1998).concepts, and the preservation
Comparative and historical of linguistics.
arts and culture.
In V. P.
Clark, P. A. Eschholz, & Under thegovernment’s
A. F. Rosa vision of
(Eds.), Language: Thailand
Reading in
language and culture4.0 that
(pp. emphasizes
412-450). the use
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United creativity,
States: Bedford.
[6] Lenkeit, R. E. (2009).
and Introducing
innovation cultural
to fosteranthropology (4thed.). New
York: McGraw Hill.prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
[7] Miheyew, Y. (1985). Brief history
prepared of Cambodia.
to develop (Y. Miheyew,
the creative Ed., &and
educational L.
Seam, Trans.) Mouscow:
learningProgress.
systems and to equip students with the use
[8] Pou, S. (1992). An Old Khmer-French-English
of innovative Dictionary.
technologies of knowledge. We Paris:
have
Cedorek. placed importance oncultivating accomplished and
[9] Samnang, S. (2008). Khmergraduatesfor
proficient Society andtheCulture.
nationalPhnom
devel Penh: Royal
development.
Academy of Cambodia.
[10] Treng, N. (1973). A History of Cambodia. Phnom Penh, Cambodia:
Mohaleap.
[11] Vickery, M. (1998). Society, Dr.SukitNitinai
economics, and politics in pre-Angkor
Cambodia:President of RajamangalaTokyo:
The 7th-8th centuries. Komiyama
Universityof Printing.Krungthep
of Technology
1101dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNUREnglish
K YGOBorrowing
LONHCETinFMongolian
O YTISRELanguage
VINU ALAGNAMAJAR
fo tSumiya
nediserPTuvdennyam
eht morf egasseM
pehtMandakh
gnurK ygBurgtel T fo ytisreofvinMongolia
olonhceUniversity U alagnamajaR
Songinokhairkhan District, Ulaanbaatar-37, Mongolia
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisAAbstract ni ytisrevinu
lanoitanOneretni ofot the
ngilmost
a tahteasily
smuluobservable
cirruc cimeresults
daca of intercultural contact and
hcraeser eht disetthe
communication omosetrp ofosborrowing
la evah e/loanwords/
W .sdradnathat ts is imported into the vocabulary
ofeveach
itaerclanguage ivres cimThere
htiw secinvolved. edaca isehno
t ,tndoubt
empothat
levedEnglish is now the international,
global .erand
utlucuniversal
dna stra language.
fo noitavreOwing
serp ehtot dmany
na ,stpEnglish
ecnoc borrowings in Mongolic, which
dnaunder
fall liahT thefo nlot
oisof
iv categories
s’tnemnrevsuch ogehtasrelexical
dnU and, orcalque borrowings. All of these
,ytiviare
loans taercnaturalized
,ygolonhceintot fo Mongolian
esu eht sezisand ahpm e taht 0lexical
undergo .4 and semantic changes. The
article
,tnempfocuses
oleved primarily
lanoitan ron etsothe
f oborrowing
t noitavonprocess
ni dna that loans undergo(lexical and
calques
yltnerruborrowings)
c era ew several ,ytilibanipossible
atsus dnloanwords
a ytirepsorandp how these words appear in
Mongolian
dna lanoitlanguage
acude evithrough
taerc eheconomic
t poleved vocabulary.
ot deraperpLanguage borrowing is a rather
complicated
esu eht htiwand stndifficult
eduts piuprocess
qe ot dhowever
na smetsyits directly
gninraelappeared on the life of the wider
community.
evah eW .eIn gdthis
elwocase
nk fowithseigthe
olonlanguage
hcet evitof avoeconomics
nni fo suchdetermines much of our
everyday
dna dehlife silpm since
occa we
gniall
tavtake
itlucnpart
o ecin
naeconomic
tropmi declifealp by being employers, employees,
customers .tnem etc.
polKatamba
eved lanoi(2004)who
tan eht rofsestates
taudarthat
g tnesometimes
iciforp the jargon of a specialist
group seepsinto the common language of the wider community. The aim of this paper is
to determineword borrowings processes and how borrowed lexical and calques items
are appeared in the Mongolian economic vocabulary through the comparison of their
meanings in English and Mongolian.ianitiNtikuSThe.rDmethod our research is based on investigating
thepeborrowing
htgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinUwords
of meanings of English alagnathrough
majaR fothetncomparison
ediserP of their meanings
in English and Mongolian and studying the opinions of scientists and linguist on the
matter of linguistic borrowing process, and how lexical and claqueborrowing appear in
source language. We show that generally, only the primary meaning of an English word
is transferred to a loan in Mongolian. By this paper, we suggest that the process of
borrowing words is essentially a matter of linguistics. It is borrowed when there is a
need to name a new object and when there is a necessity to fill in the gaps in the
vocabulary of a receiving language.
Key words: Borrowing, Lexical borrowing, Calques borrowing, Loanwords, English,
Mongolian economic vocabulary
1.Introduction:
Associated with modern development peoples of the world are economically,

scientifically, socially are closely connected with one another. This general tendency,
changes in all fields are constant and inevitable, there is no doubt that there will be a
constant need for introducing a great number of loanwords, new borrowing words, have
been borrowed from the English language especially today, when the Mongolian
language is fully open to foreign influences.
The language of economics serves many purposes. It provides the members of
an economic community, such as customers, investors or bankers, with the tools needed
to discuss various business issues. What is more, this sublanguage is not only used by
specialists who belong to a restricted, since we all take part in economic relations in
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
111
Thailand15
directRAJAMANGALA
and indirect ways.UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
In short, the language of economicsKRUNGTHEP
is closely related to
general language use. This feature is also we mentioned above Katambastates that the
jargon of a specialist groupMessage from
seeps into thethe President
common of of the wider community.
language
Most linguists pointed out that University
Rajamangala the process ofof Technology
borrowing byKrungthep
the lexical and calques way,
being different word forms of the same notions began to transfer from one language into
the other one and also it adds new  words RMUTK
to its ownaimslexicon
to bebya copying
creative those
technology
words
university
from another language. In a situation, like thisinweAsia.justThe
quote university
from Krysin,has accordingly
(2008)“The
more one or another field of activityfocused on the
is involved development cooperation,
in international of our personnel in moreandor
academic
less long-term international relations, the more curriculums
the vocabularythat and
alignterminology
to international
of the
sphere is open to foreign languagestandards.
innovation", Weidentifies
have also to aspromoted
borrowingthepointed research
out
development, the
that Belchikov (1959) "If the subject-semantic academic
diversity oficborrowed
services words
with creative
is very
concepts,
large, the range of international terms and the
is narrower preservation
than the range of of loanwords,
arts and culture.
and they
penetrate in national languages only as aUnder result thegovernment’s vision of exchange
of cultural and historical Thailand
between nations" There is scenario: 4.0 that
thatemphasizes
both languagesthe use B of technology,
and C borrowcreativity,
from the
language A; A > B > C where either andtheinnovation
language Btoborrows foster from the language
national A, and
development,
then the language C borrows from the language
prosperity B. Linguists we
and sustainability, addresses that the
are currently
borrowing is transferred directly from A to toB and
prepared they the
develop said creative
the English language and
educational has
historically been an enthusiasticlearning
borrower of foreign
systems words.students
and to equip Lexicalwith borrowing
the use
(acquisition of a new word form orofmeaning)
innovative appears words borrowed
technologies directlyWe
of knowledge. undergo
have
less phonological change. The reason is that,
placed for such oncultivating
importance a situation to exist, you'd haveand
accomplished to
get convergence in sound/meaning i.e. in vocabulary
proficient graduatesfor andthe
that just doesn't
national devel happen to any
development.
significant degree.Calques, (Loan formation, Loan translation, Loan rendition, loan
creation)and semantic loans are often grouped roughly under the phrase "borrowing".
While calquing includes (semantic) translation, it does not consist of phonetic
matching.We based on linguists ideas, options and collected several possible word
borrowing (loanwords) from Mongolian economic books, magazines,
President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technologyarticles.
Krungthep
2. Aim of the research
The aim of this paper is to determine word borrowings processes and how
borrowed lexical and calques items are appeared in the Mongolian economic vocabulary
through the comparison of their meanings in English and Mongolian. The method our
research is based on investigating the borrowing of meanings of English words through
the comparison of their meanings in English and Mongolian and studying the opinions
of scientists and linguist on the matter of linguistic borrowing process, and how lexical
and calque borrowing appear in source language. We show that generally, only the
primary meaning of an English word is transferred to a loan in Mongolian.
3. Research Methodology
The method our research is based on the matter of linguistic borrowing

process, and how lexical and calque borrowing appear in source language. In a
situation, like this we just quote from Krysin, (2008)““The more one or another field of
activity is involved in international cooperation, in more or less long-term international
relations, the more the vocabulary and terminology of the sphere is open to foreign
language innovation" identifies to as borrowing pointed out that Belchikov (1959)"If
the subject-semantic diversity of borrowed words is very large, the range of
international terms is narrower than the range of loanwords, and they penetrate in
1121dnalFebruary
Thailand
nationalPlanguages
EHTGNUonlyRK asYGaO LONof
result HC ET FOand
cultural YThistorical
ISREVIN U ALAGbetween
exchange NAMAJnations".
AR
We also based on this linguists ideas and other opinions of scientists and collected most
of the data for this paperfromfo tMongolian
nediserP eheconomic
t morf egabooks,
sseM magazines, articles, and
advertisements. Thepepresent
htgnurpaper
K ygotends eT fo ytto
lonhcsupport isrthis
evinframework
U alagnamwith
ajaR
data.
4.yg olonhcet results

Research evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 
dna lenLanguage
nosrep ruo Borrowing
fo tnempoleProcesses:
ved eht no Some desucolinguist
f communities are more
lanoitanretabouttheir
concerned ni ot ngillanguage
a taht sm ulucothers,
than irruc ciand,
medausually,
ca smallercountries are more
hcraeser ewith
concerned ht dthe
etompurity
orp ooftheir
sla evalanguages
h eW .sdbecause
radnats they want to preservethem for
evitaegenerations.
future ivres cimetoday,
rc htiw secHowever, daca edue ht ,totnethe
mprapid
olevedsocial and economy development,
.erutlufor
the need c dncoining
a stra fo new
noitavterms
reserp is ehtincreasing.The
dna ,stpecnoc term 'borrowing', however, is
dnaliahT fobecause
misleading, noisiv the
s’tnborrowed
emnrevogterms eht reare
dnUnot literally borrowed, since the words stay
,ytivand
with itaercbelong
,ygolontohcthe
et fovocabulary
esu eht sezof isahthe
pmedonor
taht 0language.Mc.Arthur
.4 (1992) is one
definition
,tnempoleforvedborrowing
lanoitan “Taking
retsof aotword noitor
avophrase
nni dnfroma one language into another, or
from
yltneone
rrucvariety
era ofewa language
,ytilibaniainto
tsusanother”.
dna ytThe irepssecond
orp one is taken from the Oxford
Advanced
dna lanoiLearner’s
tacude eviDictionary
taerc eht pof oleCurrent
ved ot dEnglish
eraperp (Hornby.A, 2005)and defines a
borrowing
esu eht htasiw “a
stnword
edutsand
piuqaephrase
ot dna[…] smettaken
sys gnfrom
inrae[…]
l another language and usedin
their
evahown”.
eW .egAdeborrowing
lwonk fo secan igolalso
onhcebe t evcalled
itavonnai loanword.
fo The Oxford Advanced
Learner’s
dna dehsDictionary
ilpmocca gdefines
nitavitlua cloanword
no ecnatras opm “ai word
decalpfrom another language used in its
original.tnform”.Haugen
empoleved lan(1953).
oitan ehStated
t rofsetthat
audathe
rg tterm
neicifborrowing
orp is used in linguistics to
denote the process of adopting words from other languages and also the result of this
process in the language material itself”. In this case,most probably the majority of
foreign lexical elements are borrowed for nominal reasons: we borrow foreign words to
name foreign terms, such ianitias
Ntikтрейдэр/treider/
uS.rD -trader, брокер-/brokir/- broker,
etc… One of the researchers,Grinev-Grinevich
диллер/diller/-dealer (2008) thinks,
borrowing contributes to the improvement and development of the language, making it
"accurate in expression, emotionally expressive and stylistically diverse", referred to as
loanwords Haugen notes that (1950) borrowing is a process which involves
reproduction. This process should however produce a particular form or word as it is in
another language”.Mongolian scientists and linguists also pointed out on borrowing
process, and classifications and they already studied the tendency Mongolian language
actives such as E.Bandyi, Choi. Lubsanjab, D.Sodnomorj, B.Rinchin,
KH.Lubsanbandan, Ts. Damdinsuren, Ch.Dogsuren and theyplay a very important roles
the research field inДогсүрэн Ч(1988).There is interesting scenarios: where both
languages B and C borrowfrom the language A; A > B > C where either the language B
borrows from the language A, and then the language C borrows from the language B.
For instance : the word "Calque" is itself a loanword from French. "calquer" (Online
Etymology Dictionary). A (French"calquer")> B(English "Calque") > C
(Mongolian ”Калька”)this scenarios "Calque" is indirect borrowing. Linguists
addresses thatthe borrowing is transferred directly from A to B and they saidthe English
language has historically been an enthusiastic borrower of foreign words.
In this appearance language borrowing is a rather complicated and difficult
process, which is particularly likely to happen where the activities of that sub-group are
fashionable or impinge directly on the life of the wider community. This is certainly the
case with the language of economics as economics as such determines much of our
everyday life since we all take part in economic life by being employers, employees,
customers.
February
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University
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RAJAMANGALA
Lexical borrowing UNIVERSITY
: The language OF TECHNOLOGY
of economics serves KRUNGTHEP
many purposes. It
provides the members of an economic community, such as customers, investors or
bankers, with the tools needed Message from the
to discuss President
various of issues. What is more, this
business
sublanguage is not only used byUniversity
Rajamangala specialistsofwho
Technology
belong to Krungthep
a restricted, since we all take
part in economic relations in direct and indirect ways. In short, the language of
RMUTK use.
economics is closely related to general language aimsThisto be a creative
feature is also technology
stressed by
universitytheinjargon
Katamba (2004) who states that sometimes Asia. ofThe university
a specialist has seepsinto
group accordingly
the
focused on the development of
common language of the wider community. Linguistic changes in Mongolian language our personnel and
academic
refers first of all to lexical and stylistic curriculums
changes which are that align
a result of ato international
‘strong’ waveof
English borrowings.Poppe (1970) standards.
avers that We lexical
have also promoted
borrowing is anthe important
research
consequence of language contact. development, the academic
More generally, ic services
better knowledge withof creative
lexical
borrowability will be important forconcepts, and the in
further progress preservation of arts and culture.
historical comparative linguistics
Haspelmath (2008). However, lexical borrowing Underoccurs
thegovernment’s
when one ofvision of Thailand
those languages in
4.0 that than
contact is more influential or prestigious emphasizes the use
the others. of technology,
Witalisz (2011)views creativity,
it as a
linguistic exchange between languages. Borrowingtoregarding
and innovation language development,
foster national is viewed as
lexical or linguistic borrowing. Lexical borrowing
prosperity and (LB) is the necessitated
sustainability, we areby currently
the need
to represent concepts that are foreign to a particular
prepared to develop language. Lexicaleducational
the creative borrowing, andthat
means borrowing of content morphemes learning like nouns
systems andortoverbs,
equipisstudents
extremely withcommon.
the use
Lexical borrowings tend to be adapted in termstechnologies
of innovative of phonologyofand morphology
knowledge. Weofhave
the
recipient language and soon become indistinguishable
placed importance from the nativeaccomplished
oncultivating elements. At least
and
this is true in cases of light to moderate borrowings.
proficient graduatesforLexical borrowings
the national develare not as much
development.
constrained as structural borrowings Winford (2005). More generally, better knowledge
of lexical borrow ability will be important for further progress in historical-comparative
linguistics (Haspelmath, 1990). Most English lexical borrowings adapt to the
Mongolian economic and social system that Dr.SukitNitinai
is why their form may differ from the
original. During the twentieth century, Mongolia had expended
President of Rajamangala Universityof the relationship
of Technology other
Krungthep
countries such as English and borrowings from that language include, among others:-
ломбард (lambard)” pawn shop”, лизинг (liizinг)“leasing”, марктинг (marktinг)
“marketing”, бартер- (bartir) “barter” etc… .
Acquisition of a new word form/ meaning

This table shows that lexical borrowing is influenced in the lexis of source
language and produces new word form and meanings. For instance: ваучир /bauchir
/“voucher”, бонд /bond/ ”bond”, инфляц /infliatsia/ “inflation”, моргиж/morgadge/”
Mortgage”, трейдэр/treider/ “trader”, брокер /brokir/“broker”, диллер/diilir/”dealer”,
прайс лист /praiz lizt/ “price list”, теллер-“teller”, ченж/chinж/ “change”,
1141dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNURK YGбизнесмэн
эксперт/ekcpert/”expert”, OLONHCET–“businessman”,
FO YTISREVINкартель/kartelь/
U ALAGNAMAJ”cartel”, AR
дискаунт/diskaunt/”discount”, гуудвил /гuudwill/ “Goodwill”, ваучер/bauчеr/
“Voucher”, тариф/tarif/ “Tariff”, fo tnediseаудит/auдит/
rP eht morf eg“audit”,
asseM марктинг /marktinг/
“marketing”; бартер-“bartir”, ygolonhceT fo ytis“obligation”,
pehtgnurKоблигац/obligaзия/ revinU alagnрентamaj(reнт)-“rent”
aR
All the examples above that appears words borrowed directly undergo less
ygolonhcet echange.
phonological vitaerc Thea ebreasonot sm isiathat,
KTfor
UMsuch
R a situationto
 exist, you'd have to get
ylgnidrocca insahsound/meaning
convergence ytisrevinu ehTi.e..aiin sAvocabularyand
ni ytisrevinu that just doesn't happen to any
dna lennodegree.
significant srep ruoIt fiso true
tnemthat
poletypological
ved eht nocharacteristics
desucof the kinds of sound features
lanoalso
and itanrword-structure
etni ot ngila featurestaht smu(e.g.lucirrword
uc cim edacapresence of suffixes rather than
order,
hcraeser appear
prefixes) eht dewidely
tomorp inosunrelated
la evah elanguages.
W .sdradnThe ats most common motivations for
evitaerborrowing
lexical c htiw sechaveivres beencimedidentified
aca eht ,tas nem polevandprestige.
need ed Borrowing for need is
.erutbecause
required luc dna sthere
tra foisnaoilexical
tavresegap,
rp ehwhich
t dna ,needs
stpecntoocbe filled.
dnaliahT fCalques
o noisiv borrowing:
s’tnemnrevoWords geht rehaving
dnU transferred from the other languages,
,ytivitaelose
partially rc ,ysome
golonhofcethe
t focharacteristics
esu eht sezisahof pmthe
e taoriginal
ht 0.4 languages in the atmosphere of
the
,tnnew
empolanguage
leved laand noitaccept
an retssome of oof t the
noitfeatures
avonni of dnthe
a language into which they enter
some
yltnerofructhemera even
ew change
,ytilibanso iatsmuch
us dnthat a ytthey
irepsoassume
rp unrecognizable form.Some
researchers
dna lanoitapoints
cude outevitathat
erc calques
eht poleborrowing,
ved ot der(кальса)
aperp we borrow just the idea, the
meaning
esu eht ofhtiawforeign
stnedutword
s piuqand e oattach
t dna sthat
metsmeaning
ys gninrtoaela native word, well established in
a elanguage.That
vah eW .egdelis wowhy
nk foanseaverage
igolonhclanguage
et evitavouser
nni does
fo not perceive them as foreign
elements
dna dehbecause
silpmoccwhat
a gniistavborrowed
itlucno efromcnatroanother
pmi delanguage
calp is just the meaning and not
the foreign
.tnemform
polevwhich
ed lanwould
oitan ehbet reasily
ofsetaurecognizable.
darg tneiciforTherefore
p some linguists refer to
such calques as hidden borrowings, as they are rarely recognized by non-specialists
Бертегаев (1971). We mentioned above that calque is itself a loan word. Calques,
(Loan formation, Loan translation, Loan rendition, loan creation)and semantic loans are
often grouped roughly iaunder nitiNtikthe
uS.rphrase
D "borrowing".While calquing includes
(semantic)
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamaphonetic
translation, it does not consist of jaR fo tnematching
diserP (i.e. retaining the
approximate sound of the borrowed word through matching it with a similar-sounding
pre-existent word or morpheme in the target language).
1. Loan translation = borrowing of meaning but not of word form: base rate-
prime rate -үндсэн хүү, checking account-current account -харилцах данс, clearing
float- Замд яваа клирингийн мөнгө
2. Loan rendition =Forming a word using the meaning of foreign word
morphemes with equivalent word structure: Eurobond market- Евробондын зах зээл,
offshore centers- Оффшор төвүүд, Factoring- Факторинг, futures option-
Фьючерсийн опцион, a call option - Колл опцион, corporate bond- Корпорацийн
бонд, posterior distribution- Постериор тархалт
3. Loan creation =Type of contact-induced lexical change whereby a new
complex word is created matching a foreign model semantically, but completely
independent formally: depreciation-amortization элэгдүүлэлт, net profit-net income -
February
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цэвэрRAJAMANGALA
орлого, financial UNIVERSITY
year-fiscal year-OFсанхүүгийн
TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP-бараа
жил, stock-inventory
материал,debt -өр
Message
This leads to a virtual from the President
pseudo-dialect where languageof consists of words from
Rajamangala
two (and sometimes University
three or even of Technology Krungthep
more) vocabularies.These sources help us to discuss
important trends in the development of the discussed modern Mongolian economic
lexicon.  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
5. Conclusion focused on the development of our personnel and
Borrowing words play a greatstandards.
role inWethe have also At
languages. promoted the research
present there is not a
single language, the vocabulary ofdevelopment,
which consists theofacademic
its own ic words.Our
services with creative
analysis has
shown that English-Mongolian language concepts, and the
contacts in preservation of arts andare
the field of economics culture.
not only
limited to taking over new forms and their borrowing process throughvision ofborrowing
lexical Thailand
and calque borrowing English into 4.0Mongolian,
that emphasizes the useborrowing
but lexical of technology, creativity,
includes taking
over semantic content may new form through theirto phonetic
and innovation matchingthe
foster national other side
development,
calque borrowing is included (semantic)
prosperity translation, it does not consist
and sustainability, we areof currently
phonetic
matching.Consequently, the influence of English
prepared on Mongolian
to develop extends
the creative beyond lexical
educational and
borrowing to new English-based meaning of existing
learning systems andMongolian words, clippings
to equip students and
with the use
compound forms including non-inflectional
of innovativemodifiers. However,
technologies of this influenceWe
knowledge. seems
haveto
be almost negligible when it comes to phraseology.
placed importanceThe fact that a number
oncultivating of concepts
accomplished and
are named by using two terms inproficient
Mongolian (one of which
graduatesfor is borrowed
the national develwhile the other
development.
is translated) strengthens the belief that the actual need for Mongolian to do lexical
borrowing from English is not outstanding. It can also be stated that this need would be
even less strong if the creation of new terms was immediately followed by the process
of standardization and standard lexicon. However, as the borrowed units cannot be
pushed aside due to their high frequency, they should
President of Rajamangala Universityof be of
differentiated
Technology semantically
Krungthep
from their synonymous Mongolian equivalents, so that they function as supplements
rather than substitutes for the existing Mongolian words. The process of borrowing
words is essentially a matter of linguistics. It is borrowed when there is a need to name
a new object and when there is a necessity to fill in the gaps in the vocabulary of a
receiving language. The tendency of the English language to borrow extensively can be
traced during the centuries. Thus, one can confidently claim that borrowing is one of the
most productive sources of enrichment of the Mongolian economic vocabulary.
6. Discussion
One of the most easily observable results of intercultural contact and

communication is the set of loanwords that is imported into the vocabulary of each
language involved.The study of a language's adaptability and receptivity of borrowed
words, especially those from International English, provides some interesting case
studies.In the study language borrowing, loanwords are only one of the types of
borrowings that occur across language boundaries.The first tendency we are
determined the Language Borrowing Processes through the options and ideas linguists
and scientists. Also we are shown the scenarios you can see from it how languages
borrow from each other the words that they need. Main support of our paper is based
on the linguistic theory we just quote from Krysin who mentioned on the vocabulary
and foreign language innovation, Belchikov who identifies to as borrowing related to
cultural and historical exchange between nations.Second we considered that the lexical
1161dnalFebruary
Thailand
borrowing P EH TGNURtaking
includes K YGoverOLOsemantic
NHCETcontent FO YTmay ISRE VIN
new U Athrough
form LAGNAtheir
MAJphonetic
AR
matching is influenced of English on Mongolian extends beyond lexical borrowing to
new English-based meaning fof o tnexisting
ediserP Mongolian
eht morf egwords,
asseM clippings including non-
inflectional modifiers. pehtThegnufact
rK ythat hceT foofytconcepts
goloannumber isrevinUare alanamed
gnamaby jaRusing two terms
in Mongolian (one of which is borrowed while the other is translated) strengthens the
ygolothat
belief nhcethe
t evactual
itaerc needa ebforotMongolian
smia KTUtoMdo R lexical borrowing from English is not
ylgnidroccaItscan
outstanding. ah yalso
tisrebe
vinstated
u ehTthat .aisthis
A nneed
i ytiswould
revinube even less strong if the creation
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e
of new terms was immediately followed by the processd e h t n o d e sucof of standardization and standard
lanoitanThirdly,
lexicon. retni otwengaddressed
ila taht scalques
mulucirrthat uc is cim edaca of 3 main sub categories Loan
consists
hcraeser Loan
formation, eht dtranslation,
etomorp osLoan la evrendition,
ah eW .sloan dradcreation
nats and semantic loans are often
evitaercroughly
grouped htiw sunder medaca"borrowing".
ecivrestheciphrase eht ,tnempoWe leveanalyzed
d these sub categories used
from.eseveral
rutluc deconomic
na stra fo words
noitavrthe
eseborrowing
rp eht dna ,of stpmeanings
ecnoc of English words through the
dnaliahT foofnotheir
comparison isiv smeanings
’tnemnrevoingeEnglish
ht rednUand Mongolian While calquing includes
,ytivitaerctranslation,
(semantic) ,ygolonhcetitfodoes esu not
eht sconsist
ezisahpof mephonetic
taht 0.4 matching. Word borrowing is in
their
,tnemown
polevlinguistic
ed lanoitcomplicated
an retsof otprocess noitavothatnni isdnappeared
a a plenty of borrowing
classifications
yltnerruc era butewmore ,ytilicommon
baniatsus ones dna are ytirelexical
psorp and calque borrowings. That
categoriesare
dna lanoitacaudnecessity
e evitaerto c fill
eht inpothe
levegaps
d ot indethe rapvocabulary
erp of a receiving language.
Thus,
esu eone
ht hcan
tiw confidently
stneduts piuclaim qe ot that
dna borrowing
smetsys gnisinone raelof the most productive sources of
enrichment
evah eW .of egthe
delw Mongolian
onk fo seieconomic
golonhcetvocabulary.
evitavonni fo
7. Reference
[1]
Belchikov. (1959). Borrowing language . Moscow.
[2]
Догсүрэн Ч. (1988). "Монгол нэр томъёо оноон томилох жигдлэх
ianitзүйн
асуудалд арга iNtikзөвлөмж".
uS.rD Ulaanbatar.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnchanges:
[3] Donald, W. (2005). Contactinduced ediserP Classification and
processes. Diachronica.
[4] Grinev-grinevich. (2008). Terminovedenie. Russian.
[5] Haspelmath. (1990). The sociolinguistic type of language change.
Diachronica.
[6] Haspelmath, M. (2008). Loanword typology Steps toward a systematic
cross Linguistic study of lexical borrowablity. Berlin.
[7] Haugen. (1953). 'It is more like a kind of stealing'.
[8] Haugen.E. (1950). The analysis of linquistiv borrowing.
[9] Hornby.A. (2005). Oxford advanced learner's dictionary og current
English. Oxford University.
[10] Katamba. (2004). Morphological constituency and prosody. England.
[11] Krysin. (2008). Language for Modern Society A book for students.
Moscow.
[12] McArthur, F. (1992). The oxford companion to the English language.
Oxford University Press.
[13] Online Etymology Dictionary. (огноо байхгүй). www.etymonline.com/
index.php?term.-ээс Гаргасан
[14] Poppe.N. (1970). "Mongolian Language Handbook". Washington: Center
for Applied Linquistics.
[15] Witalisz. (2011). English Loan Translation in Polish.
[16] Бертегаев, Т. (1971). Сочетание Слов и сүвертеннаяа терминология.
Москва.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
117
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
CommunityUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Participation towards KRUNGTHEP
KharKhorin Regional
Tourism Development
GantsetsegofSanjmyatav
Mandakh Burtgel University of Mongolia
Songinokharkhan  District,RMUTK aims to be
Ulaanbaatar-37, a creative technology
Mongolia
Abstract
KharKhorin tourism region standards.
is one of We have also
the important promoteddue
destinations theto research
locating
the ruin of the Mongolian ancient development,
capital city the academic
‘KharKhorin’ ic services
and havingwitha creative
huge of
concepts,
cultural and historical attractions. and the preservation
As demanding of arts and
such tourism culture. the
potentials,
KharKhorin tourism destination was selected Under thegovernment’s
as the research fieldvision
in the ofstudy.
Thailand
This
4.0 that emphasizes
research focused on exploring community the to
participation usecontribute
of technology, creativity,
to KharKhorin
regional development. According to andtheinnovation
research purpose,
to fosterthree national
objectivesdevelopment,
were carried
that 1) study the cultural and historical background
prosperity of KharKhorinwe
and sustainability, tourism
are region;
currently2)
study present situation of community
prepared participation
to developtothe contribute
creative toeducational
“KharKhorin” and
tourism region and 3) introducelearning
a guideline for and
systems community
to equip and regional
students with tourism
the use
development in Mongolia. In terms of of the objectives
innovative the research
technologies data were We
of knowledge. collected
have
from 140 informants through questionnaire, interviews,
placed importance observationaccomplished
oncultivating and documentary and
reviews. The data were analyzed using qualitative
proficient graduatesformethods in accordance
the national devel
development. with the
research objectives and presented by descriptive analysis.
Key words : KharKhorin tourism region, regional tourism development, cultural
destination, community participation, local business
1. Introduction President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
The tourism industry has taken on an increasingly central role in Mongolia in

recent years. In 2013 the country saw more than 415,000 incoming visitors and a
reported market turnover of $263m, which represented around 4% of GDP at the end of
the year, according to data from the government and International Tourismus-Börse
(ITB) Berlin. Indeed, in 2015 Mongolia served as the partner country at ITB Berlin, the
world’s largest travel and tourism conference, which is expected to boost figures further
in the coming years. These moves are in line with the government’s ambitious short-
and medium-term objectives, which include increasing international arrivals to 600,000
in 2015 and one million by 2017 (Tourism report, 2017). The improvement in tourism
industry has some factors to be considered such as government positive intervention
through tourism policy and its implementation in the target area through effective
operations at national, municipal and local tourism authority level and cooperation
between business sectors and local communities. Therefore, there is a need to explore
how local public participate in regional tourism development as being one of the
integral part of the tourism stakeholders through this study.
2. Aims of the research
This study investigated community participation circumstance towards

KharKhorin regional tourism development.
1181dnalFebruary
Thailand
PThree
EHTGobjectives
NURK YGwere OLOcarried
NHCETinFO YTresearch
this ISREVINwork U ALinAGorder
NAMto AJA R
explore
community participation for regional development.
1. Study historicalfoand tnecultural
diserP ebackground
ht morf egaofssKharKhorin
eM tourism region.
2. Study pehtpresent
gnurK ysituation
golonhceof ytisrevinUparticipation
T focommunity alagnamajaR to contribute to
“KharKhorin” tourism region.
ygolonhcet3. evIntroduce
itaerc a aebguideline
ot smia for KTcommunity
UM R and regional tourism development
inylMongolia.
gnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
3.laResearch
noitanretnimethodology
ot ngila taht smulucirruc cimedaca
evitaercThe htiw secivrdata
research medacollected
es ciwere ca eht ,tntoem polout
find evedhow local people contribute to the
.erutlusite
historical c dnKharKhorin
a stra fo noiregional
tavreserptourism
eht dna development,
,stpecnoc having indigenous historical
dnacultural
and liahT fosites.
noisData
iv s’tcollection
nemnrevoin geresearch
ht rednUarea was carried out through the objectives
,ytivexpected
and itaerc ,ygresults
olonhcof et fthe
o esstudy.
u eht sThis
ezisahstudy
pme twas
aht 0focused
.4 on assuming the fieldwork
information
,tnempolevby ed thelansupposition
oitan retsoof f the
ot theoretical
noitavonniconcepts.
dna
yltnerruDocumentary
c era ew ,reviews ytilibaniaon tsuthe
s dgovernment
na ytirepsopolicy
rp on tourism and development
strategic
dna lanplanning
oitacude ofevtourism
itaerc eauthorities
ht polevedwere ot dused
erapas
erpthe main techniques for gathering
data
esu toehtexplore
htiw stnbackground
eduts piuqeofot the dnatarget
smetsyarea.
s gniQuestionnaire
nrael application, participant
observation,
evah eW .einterviews,
gdelwonk findividual
o seigolondiscussions
hcet evitavwere
onni objected
fo with municipal officials in
the
dnalocal
deharea,
silpmlocal
occa residents,
gnitavitlucdomestic
no ecnatrand opmforeign
i decalptourists to get relevant to tourism
destination.
.tnemWhereas
poleved lthe
anotriangulation
itan eht rofsetof autheories
darg tneimethod
ciforp involves developing research
to test whether the theory proposed in one discipline can be defended in another and
application and combination of several research methods which are used in the study to
increase the credibility and validity of the data. The scope of the research was limited
covering the years of 2015-2017. ianitiNtikuS.rD
4. Research result
Mongolia is a country that has inherited many valuable cultural and natural
resources from its ancestors. Due to having such wealthy heritages, Mongolia is ready
for cultural, natural and ecological tourism. In the recent a few years, because of
conservation of cultural heritage and balancing cultural products in the era of
globalization, the state is making some direct policies to promote tourism and
developing master plan for sustainable tourism, which is coordinated with the world
tourism business.
That’s why Mongolian government has approved the regional tourism
development plan, which expresses its own features, with a purpose of gaining tourism
competiveness, increasing the number of tourists, and building a cultural complex to
attract tourists for the country’s economic development. There are types of tourism
regions as bellowed.
1. “KharKhorin” tourism region focused on historical, cultural, recreational
and archaeological tourism
2. “Khuvsgul” tourism region focused on lake, winter, ethnic and adventure
and hiking tourism
3. “Altai” tourism region focused on mountain, horse riding, cultural,
adventure tourism
4. “Gobi” tourism region focused on paleontology and observing wild
animal
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
119
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
5. “Khentii” UNIVERSITY
tourism region OF TECHNOLOGY
focused on historical,KRUNGTHEP
cultural, recreational
tourism,
1. Ulaanbaatar, its vicinity Message from the
for city tourism, Presidenttourism.
recreational of

In order to contribute to of
regional tourism
innovative development,
technologies the study focused
of knowledge. We have on
“Kharkhorin” tourism destination placed
which isimportance
the home to many archaeological, historical
oncultivating accomplished and
and cultural sites. Tourism development is very crucial
proficient graduatesfor issue for
the national regional tourism
devel
development.
development. There is a critical issue that provincial authorities created tourism
strategies only within the frame of their provincial development, not for regional level
(Monkhsoyol.G, 2018). As Orkhon valley cultural landscape is located throughout the
territory in Arkhangai and Uvurkhangai Provinces the local authorities of the 2
provinces can make cooperative plan to attract more tourists
President of Rajamangala Universityof to their attractions
of Technology Krungthep for
better economic growth in the future.
Ruins of KharKhorin (ancient name: Khara-Khorum), that was the capital of
the Mongol Empire in the 13th century, erected by Chinggis Khan in 1220, lie in the
northwestern corner of the Uvurkhangai Province of Mongolia, in the territory of
Kharkhorinsoum1. OrkhonValley Cultural Landscape includes many authentic cultural,
natural and archaeological heritages, which are referred to ancient times.
KharKhorin soum has population of 12601 which is rated in the second in the
province. There are 73 enterprises, 131 residents run various types of manufacturing
industries and 217 individuals carry on a trade and service business in the village. They
make revenue approximately MNT2 8.7 billion in a year. According to the regulation
#1, 2003, this soum was declared to be a development hub of central region, Mongolia
as named KharKhorin tourism region, due to having a wide range of historical and
cultural heritages to develop tourism industry. Over 30000 tourists have been visited to
this region annually. At present action plan of the development hub based on Orkhon
Valley cultural Landscape has been implementing under the state budget which was
approved by the Government regulation # 132 (Green Soft, 2017).
According to B.Monkhsoyol’s, a specialist in Tourism Authority of Education,
Culture and Science Ministry, speech to the Mongolian News;
1
Soum (Mongolian: сум)is the second level administrative subdivision below the
Aimags (Provinces), toughly comparable to a county in the United States.
2
MNT- Mongolian national togrog (currency)
“…The Ministry is paying attention to develop cultural tourism

considerably International Conference on Arts & Cultures inunder Creative Economy
120 iahT ,in
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hbanravuS ygolonhcProvince eT fo ytisrevInternational
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8102 ,7on1-Arts
51 yr&audevelopment
Cultures
rbeF in Creative principle
Economy of
the World economy. Orkhon 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala
February
University
Valley
15-17, 2018
of
Regional Technology
Rajamangala
Suvarnabhumi,
tourism
UniversityStrategy-2020
Thailand was approved
of Technology Suvarnabhumi, on
Thailand 118
the order #A/339 of Municipal authority in 2017 with the purpose of increasing benefits
to economic Edevelopment
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thousand tourists visited KharKhorin destination in of2017.
TechnologyTo raise Thailand
the number
118 of
considerably in Uvurkhangai Province under the sustainable development principle of
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University Suvarnabhumi,
tourists and to extend tourists’ longer stay
fo tnRegional some
ediserP etourism events were
ht morf Strategy-2020
egasseM organized by the initiation
the World economy. Orkhon Valley was approved on
of Municipal Authority “…The such as
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pehtgnurauthority “Silk is
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the order #A/339 of Municipal purpose increasing benefits
activities mentioned
considerably heritage exhibitions,
in Uvurkhangai Province under arttheperformance,
sustainable development street trading principleandof other
to economic
the ritual development
World ceremonies…”. in the region. According
economy. Orkhon Valley Regional tourism Strategy-2020 was approved on to Tourism Authority report, over 50
traditional
ygothe lontourists
h ce t e v i ta e rc a e b o t s m i a K T U M R
thousand order #A/339visited ofsome KharKhorin
Municipal authority destination
inits
2017 in 2017.
with the purpose  To raise
of increasing the number
benefits of
ylgto The
nand csoum
ideconomic
roto cextendahas
a sdevelopment tisreviobjectives
h ytourists’ ninulonger
e h T .a ifor
s A n i development
y t i sr e v i n u as bellowed that to be a hub
tourists stay some events were
the region. According to Tourism Authority report, over 50 organized by the initiation
of social, lcultural
dnathousandennAuthorityepand
osrtourists rusciencefo tnaseof
ovisited KharKhorin
m“Silk
polevRoad-Ancient eht region;
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u2017. f To raise localthe brand products for
of Municipal such KharKhorin conference
number and
of some
creative tourism;
lanotourists nreand to
tni tootextendraise employment
ngilatourists’ t longer
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cirrsome to develop
events
imedawere infrastructure,
ca organized for instance, to
activities itamentioned heritage tahexhibitions, uartc cperformance, streetbytrading
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la“SilkevaRoad-Ancient
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aThe
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mentioned town
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cisome takes
heritage some social,
exhibitions,
imedaca efor
vres cobjectives ht its
artcultural
performance,
,tndevelopment and economic
street trading
empoleved as bellowed that to be a hub sustainability
and other into
ritualhas
consideration, based ston fthe nocommunity management. The following table shows that
of social,.ercultural
utlucThe dnand
asoum rscience
ahas o some iof
taobjectives
vKharKhorin
reserp efor ht its
dnregion;
adevelopment
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maindtourism
nalitourism; attractions,
ahT fo nto oisraise events
iv s’temployment and
nemnrevogehrate; activities
t redto in KharKhorin Region.
nUdevelop infrastructure, for instance, to
creative of social, cultural and science of KharKhorin region; to develop local brand products for
ticreative
build,ymodern
vitaercapartmenttourism;
,ygolonhtocblocks, eraise
t fo employment
u eht sezirate;
esengineering ptomdevelop
sahnetwork, e tahtpipe 0infrastructure,
.4 and road by for the
instance,
state to
budget.
Table 1build: Tourist
modern attractions
apartment blocks, and events at KharKhorin
engineering network, pipe destination
and road by the state budget.
,tnem KharKhorin ed latown
polevKharKhorin noitatown ntakes etssome
rtakes ofsome otsocial,n o i ta vcultural
o n n i d and
n a economic sustainability into
social, cultural and economic sustainability into
consideration,
erruc based
yltnconsideration, era based eon
w the lcommunity
,ytithe
on niatsus management.
ibacommunity dmanagement.
na ytirepsThe oThe following
rp following tabletable
showsshows
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main d tourism
n a l
Tourist attractionsa n o
main tourism attractions,
i ta c u d e e
in attractions,v
KharKhorin ievents
ta er c eand
h t
eventsRegion activities
p o l e v e d
and activities in oint KharKhorin
d
Events e r a
KharKhorin p e r p
/ activitiesRegion.
Region. to expand regional tourism
1. Orkhon eValley
su ehtCulturalhtiw stnLandscapeeduts piuqe ot dna smets1.ys g“Silk ninraRoad-el Ancient KharKhorum” International
a) Tableev1aTable
“Orkhon-7” h: Tourist
eW 1 :.eTourist
artifacts defromlwattractions
gattractions k fand o sand
onPaliliotics oevents
eevents
ig(62 lon000hatcateKharKhorin
-tKharKhorin onndestination
evitavConference-2017 idestination
fo
dnayears
20 000 dehago)silpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decaAnniversary 2. 795 th
lp of KharKhorum ancient city-
b) DeerTourist
statues nand
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KharKhorin anGumb t roHill
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othrp to expand regional tourism
Tourist attractions
c) Khun StonesValley
1. Orkhon in
at BagaEreen and Bumbat
Cultural Landscape 3. “TheRoad-
1. “Silk 13 Century /ifactivities
&KharKhorum”
Ancient KharKhorum” to expand regional tourism
Travel event
International
1. Orkhon a) Valley Cultural
“Orkhon-7” Landscape
artifacts from Paliliotics (62 000 - 1.
4. “Silk
“CulturalRoad-
Conference-2017 Ancient
Heritage – KharKhorum”
Independence” International
Educational
2. Ruin of KharKhorum ancient capital city 2. 795Conference-2017
eventAnniversary of KharKhorum ancient city-
th
a) “Orkhon-7” 20 000artifacts from Paliliotics (62 000 -
years ago)
a) Ruinb)of Karakorin city: There is little to be International Conference-2015
ago) and ancient burials at Gumb Hill 2.
Deer statues 795 Anniversary of KharKhorum ancient city-
th
20 000 years 5.
3.
“Great
“The
Khan-KharKhorum” Art Performance
13th Century &KharKhorum” Travel event
seen of
c) the
Khun ancient
Stones city of Kharkhorin
at BagaEreen
b) Deer statues and ancient burials at Gumb Hill i
and
 a n i t i
BumbatN beyond
t i k u S .raD 6. International
Exhibition of Conference-2015
ancient artifacts and heritages
2. Ruin 4. “Cultural Heritage – Independence” Educational
c) couple eofhtof
Khun pStones gnKharKhorum
stoneuatrK
turtle
BagaEreenlonancient
ygosculptures
hcand fcapital
oytisrcity
eT Bumbat
which egive
vinU a alag7.3.nam ajaR13ftho Century
“The
“Nomadic
event tMongolians”
nediser&KharKhorum”
P performance Travel event
a) Ruin of Karakorin city: There is little to be
2. Ruinvisible indication ofancient
of KharKhorum past glory. capital city beyond a 8. 4. “Cultural Heritage
HorseKhan-KharKhorum”
5. “Great Polo – Independence”
Art PerformanceEducational
seen of the ancient city of Kharkhorin
b) 6. event
Exhibition
9. Yak Festival
3 of ancient artifacts and heritages
a) KharKhorum couple museum
Ruin of Karakorin city:
of stone There
turtle is little
sculptures whichto be give a 7. “Nomadic Mongolians” performance
c) Local 5.
10. “Great Khan-KharKhorum”
Religious ceremonies Art Performance
seen ofmuseum
the ancient
visible city of
indication ofpast
Kharkhorin
glory. beyond a 6. 8. Horse Polo
Exhibition of ancient artifacts and heritages
3. Religious b)attractions: 11.
9. YakSeasonal
3 horse racing
Festival
couple ofKharKhorum
stone turtlemuseum
sculptures which give a 7.
12. “Nomadic
Bike Trip Mongolians” performance
under the theme “Orkhon Valley and
c) Local museum the first Buddhist 10. Religious ceremonies
a) Erdenezuu Monastery:
visible indication of past glory. 8. Horse Polo
3. Religious attractions: KharKhorum”,
11. Seasonal 2017
horse racing
b) monastery in Mongolia. 9. Yak Festival
3
KharKhorum museum
a) Erdenezuu Monastery: the first Buddhist
12. Bike Trip under the theme “Orkhon Valley and
b)
c) “Tuvkhun”
Local museum Meditation Temple which is 10. KharKhorum”,
monastery in Mongolia.
2017
Religious ceremonies
located
3. Religious on a rocky mountain
b)attractions:
“Tuvkhun” Meditation hill surrounded
Temple which byis 11. Seasonal horse racing
a) Erdenezuu Monastery: the first Buddhist level.
forests elevated
located to
on a 2300
rocky meters
mountain above
hill sea
surrounded by 12. Bike Trip under the theme “Orkhon Valley and
c) Shankh Monastery
forests elevated to 2300 meters above sea level. KharKhorum”, 2017
monastery in Mongolia.
4. Festivals c) Shankh Monastery
b) “Tuvkhun” Meditation Temple which is
a)4.Nomadic
Festivals way of living
located on a rockyway
a) Nomadic mountain
of livinghill surrounded by
forests elevated to 2300 meters above sea level.
c) Shankh Monastery
4. Festivals
3 3
Yak is one Yak species of animal
is one species of animal whichwhichbelongs belongs to theBovine
to the Bovine family.
family. It been
It has has been
rearedreared
in in
a) Nomadicthe Himalayan
way of region,
living and Altai, Khangai
the Himalayan region, and Altai, Khangai and Huvsgel high mountainous area in and Huvsgel high mountainous area in
Mongolia.
Mongolia.
3
Yak is one species of animal which belongs to the Bovine family. It has been reared in
the Himalayan region, and Altai, Khangai and Huvsgel high mountainous area in
Mongolia.
February 15-17,
International
2018 Rajamangala
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
February 15-17,
121
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
According to theUNIVERSITY
table, a plentyOF ofTECHNOLOGY
cultural heritagesKRUNGTHEP
are kept to serve as
potential attractions in the site of KharKhorin destination. Based on the cultural tourism
attractions there are lots of Message
events from the President
and activities of
are organized for transferring and
preserving the cultural heritagesUniversity
Rajamangala as well. Asofhaving
such potential cultural and historical
attractions KharKhorin tourism destination is one one of integral part of the tourism industry
in the central region of Mongolia. RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
“Silk Road-Ancient university inand
Ancient KharKhorum” Asia. TheAnniversary
“795th university has accordingly
of KharKhorum
ancient city” International Conferences were organized with the sponsors and
focused on the development of our personnel of
local academic
governmental organizations, local authoritiescurriculums that align institutes
and other international to international
for the
study of nomadic civilizations, such standards.
as UNESCO.We have The also promoted
Conferences the research
brought together
members of Parliament, researchersdevelopment,
and scientiststhewhoacademic
work on ic the
services with
history, creative
archaeology
and cultural heritage in order concepts,
order to discuss the and the preservation
strategy of arts and
for further research, as culture.
well as the
development of cultural tourism. Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
4.0 thatofemphasizes
Furthermore, the responsibility the use of
local community fortechnology,
KharKhorincreativity,
regional
tourism development is functionedand by local residents’toparticipation
innovation foster nationalin various ways. The
development,
most activities were managed by prosperity
local publicand organizations, for instance,
sustainability, we are community
currently
high school, hospital, police and prepared
local businesses.
to develop It shows that partnership
the creative between
educational and
public and private sector is widening learningin systems
both supporting
and to equiptourism development
students and
with the use
communities living. of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
Moreover, local community participation
placed importance has oncultivating
been growing accomplished
to support tourism
and
industry by running different types of business
proficient recent the
graduatesfor years. In local
national devellevel, the local
development.
municipality and the private enterprises are cooperating in tourism business b to organize
competition, show and manage exhibition, trade fair and exchange tourism experience
at domestic and international level to promote Mongolian culture and attract more
customers. A survey, which focused on exploring business types of local
Dr.SukitNitinai loca community,
was undertaken amongPresident
local residents and domestic tourists.
of Rajamangala Universityof The data
of Technology were analyzed
Krungthep
and the result was illustrated in the following chart.
Community participation at Khar Khorin destination
71%
51%
36%
34%
20%
Horse Ger Camp Trading Handmade Family

Trekking business
Figure 1 : Local business to support regional tourism development

1221dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEH1.TFamily
GNURbusiness:K YGOLLocal ONHC ET FOare
families YThospitable
ISREVINfor U Aguests
LAGN toAserve
MAJmilk
AR tea
and some other traditional food items. In KharKhorin region “airag4” is very common
offering to visitors as their brand fo tnproduct.
ediserP They eht mcanorf esell
gasthe
seMairag if visitors want more
than one liter. Thepfamilies ehtgnurK likeygtooloshare
nhceT fo ycultural
local tisrevinU alagnam
activities ajanomadic
and R lifestyle
and hands-on experience such of their daily life to tourists as milking goats, sheep and
ygoloand
cows nhcother
et eviactivities.
taerc a ebSome ot sof miathemKTU MRfrom the sale of local products such as
earn
ylgnidrocarvings,
wooden cca sah yleather tisrevinuproducts,
ehT .aistraditional
A ni ytisreclothes
vinu ‘Deel’. Although home stay
service is not common. If guests request, they can ustay
d na le n n o sr e p r u o f o t ne m p o le ve d e h t n o de s cof overnight in special ger which is
lanoitanrto
available etnlisten
i ot tongsome ila tlectures
aht smuon lucMongolian
irruc cimeculture
daca and history with some fees.
hcraeser e2.ht Trading:
detomorThere p oslais eavsmallah eW .sdrafor
market dnaatssale of local products in the town
evitaerc htiw
KharKhorin. Thereseciarevresmany cimekinds
daca of ehproducts
t ,tnemposuch leveasd handmade souvenirs, traditional
.erutreligious
dresses, luc dna sitems,tra fo nhandmade
oitavreserpbags eht dandna ,sother
tpecnvaluable
oc and symbolic objects. The
dnaliahdemonstrates
market T fo noisiv s’the tnemKharKhorin
nrevogeht redregion’s nU identity by displaying items that
,ytivitaerc ,yancient
symbolized golonhcecapital t fo esu ecityht sezKharKhorum,
isahpme taht 0.Erdenezuu
4 monastery, Tuvkhon
Hermitage
,tnempoleMonastery
ved lanoitand an rMongolian
etsof ot nnomadicoitavonncultural
i dna way of living. The condition of
trading
yltnerrumall
c eis ra not ewcomfortable
,ytilibaniatfor sus both
dnatourists
ytirepsand
orp sellers. Some traders don’t have
enough
dna lastall
noitatocuddisplay
e evitatheir erc eproducts.
ht poleveThey d ot displayed
deraperp goods, souvenirs on the ground
because
esu ehtofhtnot iw senough
tnedutsstalls.piuqeInotother dna sside,
metsthe ys gtraders
ninraelavoid to pay for renting, which is
considerable
evah eW .eissues gdelwothere.nk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
5
dna dehsil3. pmoGer cca gcamp:nitavitThere
lucno were ecnatr21 opm camps
i decain lp 2014, however within the three
years the .tnem number
polevedoflanGer oitancamps
eht rofhassetaincreased
udarg tneicto iforeach
rp over 30 tourist camps at
KharKhorin destination. Tourism Authority at Ministry of Education, Culture and
Science has agreement with vocational training center to prepare skillful professionals
in tourism industry since 2016 (Monkhsoyol.G, 2018). Many local businessmen who
are running tourism businesses ianitiNtat ikuthe
S.rDtarget
 destination have been attending in the
training.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR foresource
It is helpful to solve the problem of human tnediserPlack in the area, which
means to support employment in rural area.
4. Handmade: Mongolian souvenir products which are made of leather,
wool, and cashmere are displayed in shops. As shown in the table 34% of total
businesses contribute by their hand arts for local tourism development. Felt, leather,
wooden and wool products are made by local residents. Carved souvenirs, painting and
traditional dresses are created by locals. The craftsmen sell their products by themselves
displaying on the ground and stalls. Some products are distributed to local shops. The
budget for establishing Tourist Street in KharKhorinsoum has reflected to the Ministry’s
budget in terms of ‘Orkhon Valley’ regional tourism development. It would give
chances for locals to inherit and preserve traditional customs and pass cultural heritages
through running craft and trade business.
Local museum considers to wealth the display items by collecting wooden
carvings from local gravers. It has advantages for developing traditional arts, preserving
art creatures, and techniques as well.
Horse trekking: The number of horse trekking business has been increasing
as seen from report of the regional tourism. This is very common business for the locals
because of almost every family has horses for their daily life needs. Local people
provide convenience and safety for tourists in running trekking business.
4
Airag- Fermented mare milk
5
Ger- Mongolian National Dwelling
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
123
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
The priorities forUNIVERSITY
support regionalOF TECHNOLOGY
tourism KRUNGTHEP
has been considered are to improve
tourism operation, to develop extensive sustainable development, to attract domestic
and foreign investments, toMessage
introduce from the President
authentic productsofto a tourism market, to join
Rajamangala
international tourism University
networking at the ofglobalized
world. In order to develop
KharKhorin regional tourism as to be a model destination, the following guidelines
would be helpful in terms of local  community RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
participation.
1. To define ways to earn university in Asia.
from tourism The university
by suggesting local has accordingly
families to form
focused
partnerships to run various tourism business on the development of our personnel and
2. Tourism projects academicwould becurriculums
initiated by thatlocal
aligncommunities
to internationaland
implemented by them as well to raise standards. We level.
their income have also promoted the research
3. Trading center at the development,
KharKhorinthe academic
tourism ic services
region with products
to sell local creative
which made by local people, wouldconcepts,
be helpful and
to the preservation
support of arts and culture.
local businesses.
4. Local and provincial tourism Underauthorities
thegovernment’s
can offervision of Thailand
some types of
encouragement to local communities 4.0tothat emphasizes
engage activelythe use tourism
in the of technology,
events. creativity,
5. Some offering such andas innovation
tax bracketstowould fosterbe national
recommended to local
development,
communities in terms of their competence
prosperityin the
andtourism market.
sustainability, we are currently
6. Micro projects to support
preparedcommunity
to developbusiness
the would
creative be educational
beneficial. and
5. Conclusion of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
Today KharKhorin tourism regiongraduatesfor
proficient has rich cultural, naturaldevelopment.
the national and archaeological
devel
attractions to offer potential tours for domestic and international visitors to gain
economic benefits. Cooperation between tourism stakeholders has been starting to be
integrated to contribute creating and keeping local brand products.
Community-based tourism plan would be considered in terms of regional
tourism systematically. President
In order to expand community
of Rajamangala Universityof –based tourism, local
of Technology residents
Krungthep
would be educated and promoted to run different types of tourism business for regional
development and for their individual living. The provincial tourism authorities have
plans to promote tourism, develop potential tourism destinations and identify local
authentic products. From there, a comprehensive development and promotion strategy is
implemented in a step-by-step approach that plays to the office’s strengths.
6. Reference
[1] Batzaya.E. (2010). Eco tourism based on Community-Based Tourism.

Present curcumstance of tourism development in Khangai region, 44-46.
[2] Bayarmagnai.G. (2010). Present situation and new trends of tourism
development in Uvirkhnagai. Present curcumstance of tourism
development in Khangai region, 96-97.
[3] Bayarmagnai.G. (2013). Brand Products of Uvurkhangai Province.
(Gantsetseg.S, Interviewer)
[4] Gazarchin Institute. (2006). Issues on Tourism. Ulaanbaatar: Printing of
Gazarchin Institute .
[5] Green Soft. (2017). Introduction of Khar Khorin Soum. Retrieved from
Uvurkhnagai.mn:
http://uvurkhangai.mn/snews/show/id/43#.WkoYpFWWZ0w
[6] Monkhsoyol.G. (2018). Хар Хорин суманд жуулчны гудамж, аялал
жуулчлалын цогцолбор байгуулна. Ulaanbaatar: MonTsaMe.
1241dnalFebruary
Thailand
P[7]
EHTG NURK YG(2010).
O.Amgalan. OLONManagement
HCET FO Yissues
TISREon VItourism
NU ALA inGKhangai
NAMAJRegion
AR .
Present curcumstance of tourism development in Khangai region, 20-24.
[8] Tourism report.fo (2017).
tnediserMongolia's
P eht morftourism
egasseMsector looks to its natural
pehto
assets tgnsecure
urK ygits
olofuture. o ytisrevinfrom
nhceT fRetrieved U alagOxford
namajaBusiness
R Group:
https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/mongolias-tourism-sector-
ygolonhcet elooks-its-natural-assets-secure-its-future
vitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 

The Study of World Heritage Sites Potential for Tourism:
A case study of Phra Message
Nakhon from the President
Si Ayutthaya of Heritage Site, Thailand
World
Thanarat Ratanapongtra
RMUTK
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala
 aims
University to be a creative
of Technology technology
Suvarnabhumi,
Phranakhonuniversity in Asia. The university has accordingly
Si Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand.
zztalentzz@live.com
Sukhum Kongdit
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi,
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand.
WunwisaUnder thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
Punkhoom
4.0 that emphasizes
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University oftheTechnology
use of technology, creativity,
Suvarnabhumi,
and innovation to foster
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand. national development,
Phimporn to
prepared develop the creative educational and
Phimsuwan
learning systems
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala and
University of to equip students
Technology with the use
Suvarnabhumi,
Phranakhonof Si
innovative
Ayutthayatechnologies of knowledge. We have
13000, Thailand.
Abstract proficient graduatesfor the national development.
devel
The purpose of this study is to: 1) study the context of the World Heritage Site for
Tourism in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province and 2) study the situation of the World
Heritage Site for Tourism in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. The researcher collected
data from observations and content analysis. The sample group of this study comprised 21
people of private and community representatives, by using the purposive sampling method in
the archaeological sites President of Rajamangala
and the World Universityof
Heritage Sites of Technology
of Phra Nakhon Krungthep
Si Ayutthaya Province.
Data collection was conducted between August 2016 - September 2017, consisting of in-
depth interviews using semi-structured interviews in 3 important issues namely 1) The
context of World Heritage Site of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province; 2) the reservation of
World Heritage Site and 3) The Development of tourism area in the historic site.
The study indicated that Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya World Heritage Site has a history
of the 417-year-old during the 19th century. It was a former Thai nation. Art forms reflect the
wisdom and the image of ancestors. It is a precious beauty that is the work of architecture,
painting, sculpture, fine art, landscape and wisdom of geo-urbanization. It is a thriving
kingdom of Southeast Asia. There are 69 archaeological sites in the city and it was developed
until 1976 to announce the area within the city of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya. The area is
1,810 rai and up to 3,000 rai. The community is spread around from the beginning of the
Ayutthaya period. The city is now a center of economic congestion. There are also tour
operators in the area which caused the encroachment of the area into the archaeological site.
The Ancient landscapes were destroyed and tended to rise. The management of the area in
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province has a policy to solve this problem continuously. The
development of the World Heritage Site for Tourism in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
has four problems: Area, Knowledge creation Economic and Security.
The result of the study can lead to the development of a sustainable World Heritage
Site for sustainable tourism, reduce the problem of ancient protests as well as increase the
tourism potential.
1261dnalFebruary
1. Introduction PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

Tourism is an industry that continues to grow and develop. It also affects the
economic and social development. fo tnThe
ediseinvestment
rP eht morcan f egcreate
asseMa career for the people.
The World Travel &pTourism ehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinUofalworld
Council has reported a trend agnamtourism
ajaR over the 10
years from 2016-2026. GDP is projected to grow at an average annual rate of 4% per year,
withygemployment
olonhcet evrising itaercbya 2026 eb oup t stom370
ia Kmillion
TUMRpositions worldwide.  Asia has the highest
growth rate of GDP in tourism sector, with 7.1 percent, India 7.5 percent, China 7 percent,
South East Asia 5.8 percent, East Asia Africa 4.2 percent, the Middle East 4.9 percent and
North Africa 4.2 percent. For Thailand, it is predicted that the number of tourist visiting
lanoitawill
Thailand nretbeni atotwo
t ngofilathetaworld,
ht smhigher
ulucirrthanuc China
cimedaand ca Spain. Compared to current data,
h cr a e s e r e h t d e t o m o r p o s la e v a h
it found that Thailand has a higher number of tourists, especially e W . s dra d n a ts Chinese tourists, growing on
e v i ta e r c h t iw s e c i vre s c i m e da c
average 30% per year and in the future may reach 25 million a e h t , t ne m p o le ve d in the 5-10 years.
.eInruthe
tlucpast dna year
stra fofo n2017,
oitavrthe esetourism
rp eht dnsectora ,stpeincnThailand
oc generated total revenue of
dnaliahT
2,510,779 fo nobaht,
million isiv srevenue
’tnemnrfrom evogeinternational
ht rednU tourism of 1,641.268 million baht and
,ytivitatourism
domestic erc ,ygorevenue
lonhcetoffo869,510esu eht million
sezisahbaht. pme In tahthe
t 0.same
4 period of 2015, the growth of
,tnepercent
11.09 mpolevresulteded lanoinitaan n increase
retsof oint tourism noitavorevenue.
nni dnaAs a result, 17.7 percent of GDP
wasyltemployed
nerruc erasa aew major,ytisource
libaniatof susemployment,
dna ytirepmore sorp than 4,230,000 million. In the
dna lanof
beginning oita2017,
cude tourism
evitaercexpanded
eht poleby ved4.89 ot dpercent
eraperpover the same period last year.
esu ehtBusiness,
(Bangkok htiw stn2016,eduts online
piuqe media)ot dna smetsys gninrael
evah eW .egdelwonk fare
The reason tourists o straveling
eigolonhin cetThailand
evitavonisnicaused fo by the government's attention
to tourism
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp in the National Economic and
increased further. Tourism development is included
Social Development Plan No. 4 (1977-1981) for the first time. Until the 11th National
Economic and Social Development Plan (2012-2016), it was decided to rehabilitate and
develop tourist sites in line with the market demand by revitalizing the development of major
tourist attractions deteriorated; developing an enterprise network of tourism businesses in
high potential areas, promoting tourism activities that are consistent with the potential of the
area and the needs of the global ianmarket,
itiNtikusuch S.rDas  health tourism, ecotourism tours and learning
pehtculture
history, gnurKand ygotouch
lonhcthe oytisrevofinthe
eT flifestyle U acommunity.
lagnamajaRItfoalso tnepromotes
diserP the implementation
of new marketing strategies that reach the customer base and expand into new markets.
(Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, 2011, p. 74)
In addition, the area of Thailand today has been the site of many ancient kingdoms.
These are the things that create value for tourism in Thailand even tradition and culture. All
of them contribute to the glory of the past. Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province is the site of
ancient Ayutthaya and the Thai capital lasts up to 417 years, so the attention of tourists to
study art and culture continuously. According to the Department of Tourism in 2015, it was
found that Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province had the highest number of tourist arrivals in
the Central region, including 1,548,608 which are 1,205,428 domestic tourists and 343,180
foreign tourists (Tourism Department, 2559, online media). Because of its unique
architecture, it was registered as a World Cultural Heritage on December 13, 1991 in
Carthage, Tunisia.
With the factors that Ayutthaya province has many tourists. It is an important
World Heritage Site. There are various national and local agencies involved in the
management of many tourist attractions. Although it is constantly evolving, the current
situation has found that World Heritage Site Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya contains
ancient sites, antiquities and important historical sites has deteriorated and still need to be
encouraged and supported to develop more space due to the problem of management
overlapping areas in management. Each unit has the same care area but different
missions and goals. In addition, the tourism has a main tourist attraction in the city of
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya where the communities that settled in the area adjacent to
the archaeological site. Entrepreneurs are therefore involved in the tourism business. People
February 15-17, 2018 International
February RajamangalaConference
on Technology
University of Arts & Cultures
Suvarnabhumi, Thailand127
Thailand15
in Creative Economy
RAJAMANGALA
have UNIVERSITY
expanded their living OF TECHNOLOGY
space and stalls KRUNGTHEP
selling goods in restricted areas located in
the historic area. Therefore, important areas are not developed as they should be. The
decline of the historical Message
area from
from the President of engagement and community
entrepreneurial
expansion failure to complyUniversity
Rajamangala of Technology
with the criteria of the WorldKrungthep
Heritage Convention, which
may have a bearing on the qualities of preservation as a World Heritage Site. Tourism
Management in PhraNakhon Sir Ayutthaya RMUTK aims must
Province to bebea consistent
creative technology
with the law.
The regulations and objectivesuniversity
of tourismin management
Asia. The university
are clear has
fromaccordingly
the agencies
involved in tourism particularly cultural heritage resources. This is a unique travel and in
PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya that mustacademic curriculums
maintain the originalthat align to international
as possible.
As a sequence, in orderstandards. We have
to effectively alsothepromoted
develop the research
PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya
World Heritage Site and tourismdevelopment, the academic
potential systematically ic sustainably,
and services with it iscreative
necessary
to study the development of theconcepts, and the preservation
World Heritage of artsaand
Site for Tourism: caseculture.
study of the
PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya World Heritage UnderSite,
thegovernment’s
Thailand, as vision
a basisof for
Thailand
tourism
4.0 that
development. It is also a case study emphasizes
in analyzing thethe use ofoftechnology,
context creativity,Site
the World Heritage
for tourism to other world heritage
andsites.
innovation to foster national development,
2. Research Objectives prepared to develop the creative educational and
1. To study the contextof
of innovative
the World Heritage Site for
technologies of Tourism
knowledge.of We have
PhraNakhonSiAyutthaya Province placed importance oncultivating accomplished and
2. To study the development
proficientsituation of thethe
graduatesfor World Heritage
national devel Site for Tourism
development.
of PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya Province
The study onPresident
the potential
of RajamangalaHeritage
of World sites
Universityofoffor tourism: AKrungthep
Technology case study of
Ayutthaya World Heritage Site, Thailand used qualitative research techniques to study
the context of the World Heritage Site for tourism. In the case of the development of the
World Heritage Site for tourism with the private sector and community representatives,
21 people used the purposive sampling method in the historical sites and the World
Heritage Sites of PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya Province. Data collection was conducted
between August 2016 - September 2017, consisting of in-depth interviews using semi-
structured interviews in the aspects of 1) The World Heritage Site of PhraNakhonSi
Ayutthaya. 2) The World Heritage Site. 3) The development of the historic area. The
data was collected by observation and content analysis.
The researcher used the qualitative research method that comprised the
following steps:
1. The researcher will study the context of the tourist area from the
documents (Secondary Data) from the research of secondary sources, including books,
textbooks, public relations materials, information technology related research to
summarize the issues in the study.
2. After studying the context of the tourist area, the researcher issued the
information as a topic to conduct In-depth interview with tourism stakeholders
Data Provider
The population in the research for Objective 1 is government and private
sectors involving in the tourism of historic sites in PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya Province
and representatives from various groups in the community. The researcher used the
1281dnalFebruary
Thailand
method Pof EH TGNURthe

selecting K Yspecific
GOLON HCETtoFO
sample getYT ISR
the EVdata,
real INU A LAG
total 21NA MAJAfrom
people R 3
sectors as follows:
1. Governmental fo tnGroups
ediserP involved
eht morf in egathe
sseM tourism of PhraNakhonSi
Ayutthaya Province-8 pehpeople golonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
tgnurKinytotal
1.1 Tourism Development Division Department of Tourism
ygolonhcet evita1.2 ercTourism
a eb oAuthority
t smia Kof TUThailand
MR Central
 Region
ylgnidrocca sah1.3 ytiOffice
srevinuofeTourism
hT .aisAand ni Sports
ytisrevPhraNakhonSi
inu Ayutthaya Province
dna lennosrep r1.4 uo 3ford tFine
nempArtsolevOffice
ed eht , nPhraNakhon
o desucof Si Ayutthaya Province
lanoitanretni ot1.5 ngPhraNakhon
ila taht smSi uluAyutthaya
cirruc cimHistorical
edaca Park
hcraeser eht de1.6 tomCommunity
orp osla eDevelopment
vah eW .sdrOffice,
adnats PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya
evitaerc htiw se1.7 res cimeAuthority
civTourism daca eht of ,tnThailand
empolevePhraNakhon
d Si Ayutthaya Office
.erutluc dna s1.8
tra Provincial
fo noitavreAdministration
serp eht dna ,stpOrganization
ecnoc of PhraNakhon Si
dnaliahT Province
Ayutthaya fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht rednU
,ytivitaerc ,yg2.
olo4nPrivate
hcet fo esector
su ehtrepresentatives
sezisahpme tahinvolved
t 0.4 in tourism of PhraNakhonSi
Ayutthaya
,tnempoleProvince.
ved lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna
yltnerruc era 2.1 ew Tour,ytiliagencies
baniatsus dna ytirepsorp
dna lanoitacude2.2 evHotel
itaerc Administrators
esu eht htiw stn2.3eduFloating
ts piuqe Market
ot dna sAdministrators
metsys gninrael
evah eW .egdel2.4 wonNews
k fo sreports
eigolonhcet evitavonni fo
dna dehsilpm3.oc9caCommunity
gnitavitlucrepresentatives
no ecnatropmiinvolved
decalp in tourism management
.tnempolev3.1
ed Local
lanoitaphilosophers
n eht rofsetauand
dargexperts
tneicifin
orlocal
p history.
3.2 Local philosophers and experts in history of PhraNakhonSi
Ayutthaya Province.
3.3 Experts and community representatives in government policy
implementation. ianitiNtikuS.rD
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foyintiscommunities
3.4 People revinU alagnrelated
amajaRtofoancient
tnedisesites.
rP
Research Tool
Semi-structured Interview of 3 important issues as follows: 1) The World
Heritage Site of PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province; 2) The World Heritage Site
Reservation and 3) The World Heritage Site Development Situation of PhraNakhonSi
Ayutthaya Province.
Data Collection
This research deployed a qualitative data collection methods with the use of
the combination of secondary data collected from the collection of relevant documents
including data from the site and collect primary data that has been interviewed with key
informants to obtain the needed information.
Data Analysis
Based on collected data, the researcher used content analysis, which was a
descriptive analysis, to identify the specific characteristics of the text or the systematic
content in three steps as follows:
1. Data Reduction was a process of choosing point of interest to
summary the raw data and collected, coded, tested, conceptual, grouped, divided into
categories or sections. This was to clear and find points of interest and downgrade to
find new information. The results were then summarized and proved satisfactory.
2. Data Display was a process of selecting the management of data and
informant to recruit samples or information whether it was a summary of the report or
an observation quotes from interviews or actions of contributors and proof of a
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
129
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
temporary UNIVERSITY
conclusion. It was OF TECHNOLOGY
intended to demonstrate and give rise KRUNGTHEP
to an understanding
of what is going on, why it will lead to further analysis and conclusions.
3. ConclusionMessage from the President
and Verification was a process of of synthesis of these early
Rajamangala
conclusions to summarize and University of Technology
verify as conclusions of theKrungthep
final research. This was to
make the conclusion credible then the investigator re-examined while writing a report
with field data to confirm the findings.
4. Result focused on the development of our personnel and
standards.
1. Context of World Heritage Sites in We have alsoAyutthaya
PhraNakhonSi promotedProvince
the research
PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya development, the academic
is ancient capital ic services
of Thailand with with
a longcreative
history
of 417 years since the 19th and 23concepts,
rd
centuries.andItthe
is preservation
the historicalofand artsnational
and culture.
identity
that reflects the valuable beauty, especially Under thegovernment’s
in the center of Bangkok vision such asofthe
Thailand
ancient
4.0 that emphasizes
palace, WatPhraSiSanphet, WatMahathat, the use of technology,
WatRatchaburana, creativity,
VihanMongkolborpit,
etc.or ancient public areas such and as ancient
innovationmarket, ancient national
to foster roads, ancient canals,
development,
elephant farms and residential areas. All evidence
prosperity and ofsustainability,
civilization that wereflects the work
are currently
of architecture, painting, sculpture,prepared
fine artstoand literature
develop theofcreative
a long time solidarityand
educational of
Southeast Asia. It also reflects the sophistication
learning systems and wisdomto equip of the city
students thatthe
with had
usea
strong urban layout, surrounded byofthree rivers. Ittechnologies
innovative is a fortress. of It isknowledge.
the route connecting
We have
with the Gulf of Thailand, used to placed
transport goods to wealth
importance in the economy,
oncultivating culture and
accomplished and
Foreign Relations both the neighboring
proficientkingdoms
graduatesforand theother superpowers
national devel on the west
development.
coast, such as Portugal, Spain, Holland, England and France. Although Ayutthaya was
once destroyed by the war, there are still remains of antiquities and antiquities as
evidence of the prosperity and genius of the ancestors of Ayutthaya.
Later, it was declared a UNESCODr.SukitNitinai
World Heritage Site under the name of
"HISTORIC CITY OF President
AYUTTHAYA" at
of Rajamangala the 15th World of
Universityof Heritage
TechnologyCommittee on 13
Krungthep
December 1991 at Carthage, Tunisia with the third criterion is that it confirms evidence
of the culture or civilization that is present, or that it is lost. The historical city
PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya has been registered as a World Heritage Site that meets
criteria this area represents a testament to the great work of art and demonstrate the
continuity of Thai architecture and point out the prosperity in the past.
The Fine Arts Department has designated the land area of PhraNakhonSi
Ayutthaya Historical Site in the Royal Gazette, Volume 93, Section 102, Page 2149 -
2150 dated 17 August BE 2519. The area of 1,810 acres later in 1997, the Fine Arts
Department has set additional land areas in the Royal Gazette, Volume 114, No. 6, Page
40, dated January 21 1997, covers the island ofAyutthaya and the outer islands lawsuit
the total area of about 3,000 acres of historic sites such as ancient palaces, WatPhra Si
Sanphet, WatRatchaburana, WatPhra Rama, WatMahathat WatDhammaMikarat,
WatPhraMongkolBophit, WatLokayasudhama, etc.
2. The Reservation of World Heritage Site of PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya
After 1767, the kingdom of Thailand was changed to Thonburi and
Bangkok. Ayutthaya was abandoned for a period of time. Until the reign of King
Chulalongkorn, King Rama V, please give the royal prince Rajathani. Old governor
have conducted a survey, dug and decorated the landscape within the ancient palace.
The land of PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya was reserved to be public domain and forbidden
until after the change of government of LuangPraditManutham has sponsored a
trademark transfer act for the public domain and abandoned temples within the city
walls to the Ministry of Finance. Later, the Fine Arts Department under the Ministry of
1301dnalFebruary
PEHTGNU
Culture announced RK YGOLof
registration ONimportant
HCET FOarchaeological
YTISREVINUsites ALAinGNthe
AMA JARof
city
Ayutthaya as 69 national archaeological sites. Field Marshal P. Pibulsongkram
excavated and restored ancient fo tneAyutthaya
diserP eht msites orf egsuch
asseMas WatRatchaburana,
PhraSiSanphet, WatMahathat, pehtgnuretc., K ygobut hceT fo ytthe
londisrupted isrefollowing
vinU alagnyear.amajBecause
aR of the
unrest and the Ministry of Culture was collapsed.
ygolonhIncet1967 evitaBureau
erc a eof b oUrban
t smia Planning
KTUMRunder the  Ministry of Interior The
ylgnidrocofca Fine
Department sah yArts
tisrevtogether
inu ehT with .aisAthe ni yTown
tisreviPlanning
nu Office, PhraNakhonSi
d n a l e n n o sre p r u o f o t n e m p o le v e d e h t n o d e s uc
Ayutthaya Province and the Municipality of Ayutthaya developed the island city under o f
lanoitanof
the project retdigging
ni ot nand gila restoring
taht smuthe luciancient
rruc cim edaof
city ca Ayutthaya and nearby to the
hcraewhich
Cabinet ser ehapproved
t detomothe rp oproject.The
sla evah eFine W .sArts dradnDepartment
a ts has been allocated a
evitof
budget aerc1,000,000
htiw secibaht vres for cimethe dacadevelopment
eht ,tnempoof levthe
ed island, the excavation and
.eruof
restoration tluimportant
c dna stra historic
fo noitavsites.reserpLatereht dinnathe,stparea
ecnoof c Ayutthaya Island, the area of
1,810dnrai
aliawas
hT declared.
fo noisiv Its’was tnemannounced
nrevogeht in redthe
nURoyal Gazette on July 27, 1976 and the
area ,of
ytiAyutthaya
vitaerc ,ygowas lonhexpanded
cet fo esutoeh3,000 t seziacre
sahpin me1997.
taht 0.4
,tnempoInlevthe ed year
lanoi1982,
tan retheretsof has ot nbeenoitavrenovated
onni dna as a project PhraNakhon Si
Ayutthaya
yltnerruHistorical
c era ew Park,ytand
iliba1987
niatsuhad s dnaamaster ytirepplan
sorp to preserve and develop the
historic
dna citylanoofitaPhraNakhon
cude evitaerSi c eAyutthaya
ht polevedand ot nearby.
deraperThe p Cabinet agreed in 1993 to
continue
esu euntil
ht ht2001
iw stnwhenedutsthe piuMaster
qe ot dPlan na smwas etsyfinalized.
s gninraelThe Fine Arts Department has
studied
evahtheeW master
.egdeplan
lwonfor k fthe
o sesecond
igolonhphase cet evof itaconservation
vonni fo and development project,
but dcannot
na dehspush ilpmocintoca gnthe itaviCabinet's
tlucno ecnconsideration
atropmi decalpprocess. As a consequence,
PhraNakhon .tneSimpAyutthaya
oleved lanoProvince
itan eht rhas ofsenot
taudcontinued
arg tneicifotorp implement the Master Plan
since 2002 until the present time for about 15 years.
For this reason, the management in the area must be continuously developed to
be effective in conservation and physical development. Especially tourism is a major
industry of PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya ianitiNtikuProvince
S.rD within the Ayutthaya Historical Park.
TherepareehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamaoperators
communities spread around and also tour jaR fo tnein disthe
erParea that caused the
encroachment of the area into the archaeological site as a tourist source. Ancient
landscapes were therefore destroyed and tended to rise. The management of the area in
PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya province has a policy to solve this problem continuously.
3. The development situation of the World Heritage Site for Tourism of
PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
3.1 Problem of Area
It found that the area in the historical site and PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya
Historical Park has overlapping areas in the management of many agencies with
different missions. The development of space from one unit to a single unit is difficult.
It must be integrated between the agencies while another major obstacle to the
development of the area in the archaeological site which is the location of public
houses, schools, government offices, establishments and roads which are the big
community. As a result, the overall development of the area has been hampered. Many
areas have been invaded to build buildings, the ruins of historic sites, landscapes and the
environment. It is important to reduce the tourist environment. The atmosphere of a
world heritage site is dilapidated.
3.2 The problem of Tourism Fundamentals
It found that tourism scenery has been overshadowed by infrastructure
facilitation and infrastructure maintenance that there were a lot of wire and cable power
lines. Some areas are damaged and may be harmful to tourists. The development of a
passage system that has created a pathway may overlap the original site, ancient street
or ancient canal. Once excavated, it will be excavated after some difficulty. Water
Arts & Cultures
Suvarnabhumi,
Thailand 15
Economy
RAJAMANGALA
resources in the islandUNIVERSITY
areathat used toOF be TECHNOLOGY
a route of transportationKRUNGTHEP
in the past became
shallow. Some are disposable sources of waste from the community or some of these
Message
water sources were reclaimed for from
use inthe
thePresident of in the area of the city is also
area. Traveling
crowded andRajamangala University
roadside parking vehicles of Technology
penetrate Krungthep
the road. As a result, traffic is slowing
and become a barrier to tourism
3.3 Problem of Knowledge
 RMUTK
creation aims to be a creative technology
It found that theuniversity in Asia.
current travel The university
is focused on the beautyhas ofaccordingly
ancient sites
and sacred worship. However, tourism in cultural heritage sites has the value ofand
focused on the development of our personnel these
places is of great importance foracademic
tourists tocurriculums
understand the thathistory
alignandto importance
international
of the
historic site. The pride of tourismstandards. We treasure
as a national have also leadspromoted the research
to the tenacious treatment
and commitment to tourism. For development,
this reason, in thePhraNakhonSi
Ayutthayawithprovince,
creative the
lack of modern learning resources concepts,
and theand the preservation
attraction of touristsofare
artsimportant
and culture.
factors to
consider. The creation of learning resources Under thegovernment’s
is the creation of tourism vision of Thailand
activities. There is
an area for learning about historical tourism. The
4.0 that emphasizes thedevelopment of thecreativity,
use of technology, museum is
modern and encourages tourists andto learn by themselves
innovation to fostersuch as the demonstration
national development, of
career in community for learning ancient
prosperity andmarketing for tourism
sustainability, we are and currently
use of the
application technology to help prepared
lecture on to self-travel
developthrough smart phones.
the creative At theand
educational same
time, it is necessary to promotelearning
the knowledge
systems of andlocal peoplestudents
to equip to effectively
with thewelcome
use
tourists, to be a good host, train of language
innovativeand develop individual
technologies potentialWe
of knowledge. of have
tourism
operators in providing services.placed importance oncultivating accomplished and
3.4 Problem of Economic
proficientand Security the national development.
graduatesfor devel
It found that tourism is the main source of income of the city of
Ayutthaya because a part of all the people involved in tourism while the communities in
the area benefit from tourism development. At the same time, people should also be
encouraged and understand to live together with the ancient sites. However, some
people lack the knowledge to create a self-reliant
President of Rajamangala Universityofprofession from tourism.
of Technology The products
Krungthep
sold in tourism are similar yet lack of diversity affecting the buying incentive of
tourists. Presently, there are also the problem of drug abuse in the community including
crime related to tourism. This is another important issue of spatial development in the
archaeological area.
5. Conclusion and Discussion
The study indicated that the distinction of the PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya World
Heritage Site that It is a thriving Thai throne, a source of art and culture of the country
and the remains of the past demonstrate the prosperity. Currently, the area is a
community and economic center of tourism. It is the source of the decline and
encroachment of the historic site. Meanwhile, the development of tourist areas in the
archaeological area encountered four problems: area; tourism fundamentals; knowledge
creation and; economic and security. In addition, the results can be discussed as the
detail below
Context of PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya World Heritage Sites: It is a source of
history of 417-year-old during the 19th century and a former Thai nation. Its art style
reflects wisdom of the ancestor. It is a precious beauty that is the work of architecture,
painting, sculpture, fine art, landscape and wisdom of geo-urbanization. It is a thriving
kingdom of Southeast Asia.After being registered as a World Heritage Site in 1991 with
the third criterion, it is a confirmation of the evidence of culture or civilization that is
present or lost. The historical city PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya has been registered as a
1321dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGSite
World Heritage NUR K Yits
with GO LONHCETthat
qualifications FO meets
YTISR EV
the INU ALThis
criterion. AGNwasAMin AJline
ARwith
the study of Thanarat Ratanapontra (2017) who studied the strategic plan to develop
sustainable integrated culturalfoheritage tnedisein rPPhraNakhon
eht morf egaSisseAyutthaya
M Province. It found
that PhraNakhonSipeAyutthaya htgnurK yProvincegolonhceis ytisrevof
T fao source inUart,
alaculture
gnamajand
aR history of the
country and refreshes the precious beauty. There are many important archaeological
ygoloItnhisceta ereligious
sites. vitaerc a place eb otinsm ia KTUMThere
Buddhism. R are  also important archaeological
ylgnidroorccsites
remains a sahassociated
ytisrevinuwith ehTother.aisA ni ytisrincluding
religions, evinu Islam and Christianity. There
d na le n n o sr e p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e d e h t n o de s uc o f
are areas in ancient times, such as the ancient trade area, ancient streets, ancient canals,
lanoitanfarm
elephant retni and ot thengihouses
la tahtofsthe mulpeople.
ucirruc cimedaca
hcraeserThese eht are detothemorfoundations
p osla evahof eThai W .ssociety
dradnatsand civilization, which show the
evitaeof
beauty rc architecture, s cimedasculpture,
htiw secivrepainting, ca eht ,tnliterature,
empolevemusic d and dance. In addition, there
.erutluc dnwho
are foreigners a straarefo nimportant
oitavreserpevidence
eht dna ,of stpsettlement
ecnoc in the Ayutthaya period. It
dnaliahT the
represents fo nlink
oisiv with
s’tnethemnrecivilization.
vogeht rednThe U solidarity and greatness of Ayutthaya
,ytivitaerc ,ygthe
demonstrates oloingenuity
nhcet fo eof su creating
eht sezisa hcity pmewithtaht a0.systematic
4 urban layout, a canal, a
road
,tnemsurrounded
poleved laby noiatamajor
n retsriver,
of ot the noifortress
tavonni ofdnthe a city from invasions. It is also
transportation
yltnerruc erato ew the ,yGulf
tilibaof
niatThailand
sus dna link ytiretopsoother
rp kingdoms through cultural,
economic,
dna lanoiand tacuaffluent
de evitarelations.
erc eht pItolhas evedbeen ot dregistered
eraperp as a World Heritage. Although
the
esuKingdom
eht htiwofstnAyutthaya
eduts piuqlost e otits dnpower,
a smetsbut ys gthese
ninratraces
el of civilization still show the
prosperity
evah eW and .egdgenius
elwonk offo the seigancestors.
olonhcet eAs vitaavoresult,
nni fo many tourists visit. The area is
important
dna dehsias lpmaocsource
ca gnitof avicivilization
tlucno ecnatand ropmprominence
i decalp is the area in the island of
Ayutthaya..tnemSo politevcan
ed labe noiconsidered
tan eht rofsethat taudPhraNakhon
arg tneiciforpSi Ayutthaya Province has the
unique character of the history, the heritage of traditional Thai culture and the
outstanding origin of the history of Thai art.
The Conservation of World Heritage Site of PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya and
PhraNakhon Si AyutthayaiHistorical anitiNtikuSPark:.rD There have been communities spread around
frompehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU aperiod.
the beginning of the Ayutthaya lagnamThe ajaRcity
fo tnisednow
iserP a center of economic
congestion. There are also tour operators in the area that lead to the encroachment of the
area into the archaeological site as a tourist source. Ancient landscapes were destroyed
and tended to rise. Haug (2007) has studied the relationship between the local
development and tourism and found thatIndustry and local people can maintain cultural
development through presumably Travel which is a new thing to destroy traditional
culture. Local people can develop tourism by setting a common agreement. Community
tourism is a cultural education which is a challenge because of the conditions of tourism
in the former Chongqing that the author wants the local community to develop the
relationship between tourism and local development. It is interesting to note that if the
community-based tourism industry has the expertise and the local knowledge, it can
sustain economic development.
The development situation of tourist areas in the area has four problems: Area,
Knowledge creation, Economic and Security. The respondents found that the traffic in
the island was overcrowded. Visitors often come to visit the holy blessing in the city,
ancient streets, canals and ancient buildings. However, they were deposited and
replaced by modern buildings which are the three most prominent tourism scenarios.
This finding was in line with Noppadon Thiyajai (2011) who explored the enhancement
of competitiveness: knowledge and understanding of the industrial sector. Tourism on
the conservation of historical sites and fine arts of the World Heritage Site (PhraNakhon
Si Ayutthaya Historical Park), PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, found that public
and private sector tourism workers working in the World Heritage Site in PhraNakhon
Si Ayutthaya Province Knowledge of conservation of ancient sites and the arts in the
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
133
Thailand15
WorldRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
Heritage area are not very different.OF TECHNOLOGY
Both groups are of the KRUNGTHEP
opinion that English
is essential to the job, making the job easier, impress the tourist, and make more
income. Lu (2006) studied Message
the powerfrom the President
of tourism developmentof and conservation: Island
planning. One of Rajamangala University
the traditional cultures in of Taiwan,
Technology it is Krungthep
found that the island of Lan
Yue, which has a traditional population, the Yami people used traditional culture, but
RMUTK aims
faced pressure from the policy, nature conservation, to be acultural
mainstream creativeharmony,
technology
and
tourism industry. When evaluatinguniversity
the impactinofAsia. The aspects,
the three universityit ishas accordingly
concluded that
focused on
there are suggestions as strategic planning. And thedevelop
development of of
the island ourLahu
personnel
so thatand
the
academic
traditional culture of the native people curriculums that align to international
can live.
6. Recommendation development, the academic ic services with creative
Recommendation for the use of research Underresults
thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
The development of the 4.0World
that emphasizes
Heritage Site theforusetourism
will be ineffective
if the responsible agency does not anddevelop the sametodirection
innovation foster including
national the problem of
development,
overlapping areas in management to prevent systematic
prosperity confusion. This
and sustainability, we research can be
are currently
considered as part of the development of the to
prepared World Heritage
develop the Site for tourism
creative as follows.
educational and
1. Apply contextuallearning
information, situational
systems and to and development
equip students with situation of
the use
the World Heritage Site for Tourism of of PhraNakhonSi
innovative Ayutthaya
technologies Province to determine
of knowledge. We have
the solution for the problems of theplaced
development
importanceof theoncultivating
PhraNakhonSiaccomplished
Ayutthaya World and
heritage site by focusing on the requirements of the UNESCO
proficient graduatesfor Worlddevelopment.
the national Heritage Site.
devel
2. Build the understanding with the people in the area and entrepreneurs
using the research data as a fundamental in discussing common issues to develop the
PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya World Heritage Site for tourism and solve the problem
systematically. Dr.SukitNitinai
Recommendation for further research
This research focused on the study of basic information on the development
of the World Heritage Site for tourism in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. This can
be used to develop additional knowledge as follows:
1. This research focuses on the study of basic information on the
development of the World Heritage Site for tourism in PhraNakhonSi Ayutthaya
Province. This can be used to develop additional knowledge.
2. It should be studied the opinions of the people and tourists aboutthe
opinions consistent with the findings andthe implications for tourism development.
7. Reference
[1] Bankok business. (2017). Tourism Section 2016 Propel Income 17% og
GDP. Retrieved February 26, 2016, from http://www.bangkokbiznews.
com/news/ detail/740824
[2] Haug, M. (2007).Indigenous People.Tourism and Development.The San
People’s Involvement in Community- Based Tourism. Doctoral
Dissertation Ph.D., the University of Troms, Botswana.
[3] Lu, S. (2006). Control Power, Tourism Development and Conservation:
Planning an Island with a Traditional Culture. Dissertation Abstracts
International. 67(4), 1561-A.
1341dnalFebruary
Thailand
P[4]
EHTG NURK YGThiyajai.
Noppadon OLONHC ET FOEnhancing
(2011). YTISREVCompetitiveness:
INU ALAGNAMKnowledge
AJAR
and Understanding of Industry Officers Tourism and Preserving Tourist
fo tnedSite
Attraction Historical iserPand
eht Art
morwork
f egas:seCase
M Study World Heritage
pehtgnurHistorical
(Ayutthaya eT fo yAyutthaya
K ygolonhcSite) tisrevinU aProvince.
lagnamajaBangkok:
R King
Prajadhipok’s Institute.
ygolonh[5]cet eOffice
vitaercofa the
eb National
ot smia Economic
KTUMR and Social  Development Board. (2011)
ylgnidrocca s11 ahth ytNational
isrevinu eEconomic
hT .aisA nandi ytisSocial
revinu Development Plan 2012-2016.
dna lennosrepBangkok
ruo fo :tnSahamit
empolevPrinting
ed eht and
no dPublishing.
esucof
lanoitan[6]
retni Thanarat
ot ngila taRatanapongtra.
ht smulucirruc (2017).
cimedacaA Strategic Plan for Potential
hcraeser eht Development
detomorp osinlaIntegrated
evah eW .sdradnats
evitaerc[7]htiwSustainable medaca eHeritage
secivres ciCultural ht ,tnempTourism
oleved of PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya.
.erutluc dnThesis
a stra fPh.D.(Tourism
o noitavreserp eManagement),
ht dna ,stpecnoUniversity
c of Phayao, 2017
dnaliahT [8]fo nTourism
oisiv s’tDepartment.
nemnrevogeh(2015).
t rednUTourist Statistics. Retrieved June 4,2015,
,ytivitaerc ,ygfrom
olonhhttp://www.tourism.go.th/home/details/11/221/24246
cet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
135
Thailand15
Miang Kham–A Traditional FoodOF TECHNOLOGY
Culture and FurtherKRUNGTHEP
Development
Message Imerb
Punsod
Food Science University
Division ofRajamangala of Technology
and Technology, Krungthep University,
NakonsawanRajabhat
Nakonsawan, Thailand, 60000
RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
 imerb@nsru.ac.th
Abstract
Miang Kham –a Thai cultural standards. Wefood,
heritage havehasalso
beenpromoted
well knownthe for
research
many
development,
decades and registered in the categories the academic
of knowledge ic services
and practices with creative
concerning nature
and the universe followed the concepts, and theofpreservation
establishment UNESCO ofsince arts and culture.
2015. As all
compositions of various ingredients represent Under thegovernment’s
the herb properties andvision of Thailand
essential nutrients
4.0 that emphasizes
resulting in health benefits to consumers, furthermore theimprovement
use of technology,
of thecreativity,
food for
increase in convenience of consumption, longer storage,
and innovation healthynational
to foster and fooddevelopment,
safety bases
on conservation of intellectual knowledge/wisdom
prosperity and ofsustainability,
the Nation is necessary.
we are currently
1. Introduction learning systems and to equip students with the use
Miang Kham - A leaf wrap appetizer,
placed savory leaf
importance wraps, leaf-wrapped
oncultivating accomplishedbite-size
and
appetizer, leaf-wrapped salad bites or betel
proficient leaf-wrapped
graduatesfor salad development.
the national bite, is a kind of
devel
traditional Thai food originated from the intellectual knowledge/wisdom of mixture of
the variety of different ingredients, and it has become a very well known traditional
Thai snack for long period. According to establishment of the Intangible Cultural
Heritage list by UNESCO to ensure the better Dr.SukitNitinai
protection and awareness of significance
of important intangiblePresident
cultural of
heritage
Rajamangalaworldwide
items Universityofand
of to encourage
Technology of Thai
Krungthep
younger generation to be aware of the Nation culture/wisdom and be proud of national
heritage and cultural diversity, the Department of Cultural Promotion has begun the
registration of cultural heritage items in 2014. To prevent from disappearing, Thailand’s
intangible cultural heritages known as "living heritage” referring to the practices,
representations, expressions, knowledge, and skills transmitted by living expressions
inherited from the ancestors and passed on to th successors have been divided seven
categories and Miang Kham has been registered in the categories of knowledge and
practices concerning nature and the universe by UNESCO since 2015.
Miang Kham is a delicious and healthy appetizer having been known as
traditional snack of Thailand, which is generated in the middle part of the country,
originated from the harmony relationships between Queen Dara Rasamee who came
from the North of the country to the Siamese court of King Rama V in 1886. The
literary work of King Rama VI mentioned that Miang Kham was as one of the snacks
served in the palace, thus it also may be called as ancient royal leaf wrap appetizer.
Many new terms have been used for the snack which are translate to bite-size snack
wrapped in leaves referring to Miang Kham.
MiangKham is made from wrapping various tastyingredients into fresh wild
piper leaves (Piper sarmentosum, wild betel, cha-phlu), or young coral tree leaves
(Erythrinaorientalis, thaawnglaang)composing a single bite parcel. It mostly consists of
wild piper betel leaves filled with roasted mid-mature coconut, unsalted peanuts, small
dried shrimps and many main ingredients sliced or cut into small pieces of shallot,
ginger, lime including its peel, bird's eye chili peppers and syrup sauce cooked
1361dnalFebruary
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinUInternational
Thailand
February 15-17,
withsugar PEcane
HTGorNU RK syrup,galangal,
palm YGOLONHCE
syrup, T FO lemongrass,
ginger, YTISREVIN UA
and LAsauce.
fish GNAM
sauce AsAeach
JAR bite
wrapped is of flavors, textures, aromas and sensations of various ingredients bringing a
very pleasurably delicious between fo tnedsweetness,
iserP eht m orf ess,
saltine gassourness,
saltiness, seM bitterness, spiciness,
sharpness, umami,peh tgnurK yand
piquancy hceT fo ytexture,
goloncrunchy tisrevinchemical
U alagnamcompositions
ajaR of its
ingredients provide the herb properties and essential nutrients resulting in health
ygolonhtoceconsumers.
benefits t evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 
ylgnidPlant
rocca species
sah ytiscontained
revinu ehin T .Miang
aisA nKham i ham
K ytisreresult
vinu in various medicinal properties
dna len1)noincluding;
(Figure srep ruo f1) o tshallot,
nempolewhich ved ehhas t noanti-oxidant,
desoxidant,
anti ucof vitamins and folic acid, can
lanoreduce
help itanretncholesterol
i ot ngilalevels taht insm ulublood,
the cirrucand cim edspicy
the aca taste helping to remedy the flu;
2)hcginger
raeserhaving
eht dbothetomsweet
orp osand la spicy
evicy
sp ah tastes,
eW .sto drasolve
dnatscolic problem, mucus, nausea and
evitaerc 3)
vomiting; htilemon
w seciwith cimehaving
vres peel daca eahbitter
t ,tnetaste,
mpolecanvedhelp in the treatment of gas in the
.erutluc dnatract,
gastrointestinal stra, while
fo noititsavrsour
eserptaste
eht can
dna have
,stpecanprofound
oc impact on reducing cough,
dnaliahT fo ngingiva-rum,
stomatorrhagia oisiv s’trum,nemnand revopurify
geht rblood;4)
ednU ;4) hot chili having a spicy flavor, help in
,ytivaitagood
have erc ,ygappetite,
olonhcetdigestion
fo esu ehtand sezitreatment
sahpme taof ht 0gas
.4 in the gastrointestinal tract; 5)
toasted
,tnempcoconut
oleved which
lanoita,n can retbe
sofanaleptic
ot noitaand voncan
ni dhelpna in the remedy of bone diseases
and
yltntreatment
erruc eraforew tendon,ytiliinjuries.
baniatsusWhile dna coconut
ytirepsofatrp is unsaturated fat that is highly
beneficial
dna lanoto itacthe
udebody;evita6)ercroasted
eht ppeanuts
oleved providing
ot derapernicep smell and taste, can treatment
for
esutendon
eht htiwinjuries
stnedutas s piwell;7)
well
uqe ;7)ot dgalangal
na smetsypresenting
s gninrael hot and spicy tastes, can be
carminative
evah eW .egand dedlwalso
onk fremove
o seigoloblood vitavonni foin the uterus and gas in the
nhcet epoisoning
gastrointestinal
dna dehsilpmotract; cca g8)nilemongrass
tavitlucno ewith cnatraopgood
mi dfragrance
ecalp and oil, can help in treatment
for some .tnekinds
mpolevofedstomach
lanoitan pain,
pain
eht r,ofremove
setaudarsweat
g tneicand
iforpdiuretic out and help in good
appetite; 9) wild piper betel betel leave shaving a large amount of beta-carotene beta and anti-
oxidants, assist at prevent eye diseases, blindness, etc., diabetes and osteoporosis,
remove sputum and gas in the gastrointestinal tract, inhibit and slow down the growth of
cancer cells, support inn bone ianitandiNtikteeth
uS.rDmaintenance
 and protect osteoporosis, while a
little
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tto
spicy taste and high fiber of leaves can help nedenhance
iserP good appetite and
excretion, respectively and 10) coral tree leaves which might be used as a wrapper
instead of piper betel leaves, leaves, but depend on consumer preferences. The leaves
containing high in fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2,
niacin, vitamin C, and beta-carotene,
beta carotene, have medicinal properties that can assist in remove
parasitic worms and remedy redness r and sticky eyes.
Figure1 Miangkham ingredients; 1) toasted coconut, 2) lemon, 3) hot chili, 4) ginger, 5)

shallot, 6) small dried shrimp, 7) roasted peanuts, 8)sugar cane or palm sugar,9) cooked
savory or Miang Kham sauce, 10) wild piper betel leaves, 11) a bite all ingredients of
Miangkham filled into wild piper betel leaf and 12) bite parcels in bamboo skewer
sticks
February
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RAJAMANGALA
Consuming Miang UNIVERSITY
Kham provides OFfiber,
TECHNOLOGY
ash, mineralsKRUNGTHEP
and vitamins such as
calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe) and also vitamin A, vitamin B2, Niacin and
vitamin C, and also high Message from the
energy from the three
President of macronutrients including
essential
protein, fat and Rajamangala University
carbohydrate (ref) of Technology
and a single bite givesKrungthep
40 kcal of energy generated
from 4.2 grams of carbohydrates, 1 gram of protein and 2.1 grams of fat, respectively.
However, how much energy and nutritional RMUTK
values inaims
totaltoreceiving
be a creative technology
from Miang Kham
consumption concern with numberuniversity
of bites andin how
Asia.muchThe ofuniversity has accordingly
each ingredient including
focusedand
sugar, shrimp, especially toasted coconut onpeanuts
the development
providing high of our personnel
fat and energy. and
For more convenience ofacademic
consumption,curriculums
Miang Kham that align
has beento developed
international in
some forms of 3-4 or 5 wrapped standards. We have
bites per bamboo also stick,
skewer promoted the set
a packed research
of all
development,
ingredients and fresh wild piper betel leaves for the academic
consumers ic wrap
to services with creative
by themselves and
also ready-finished bites made of concepts,
some mainand the preservation
ingredients of arts and
including culture.
sugar, toasted
coconut and peanut. Nutritional experts ofUnder Food andthegovernment’s vision who
Nutrition suggested of Thailand
needing
4.0 that
energy 1,600-2,000 kcal per day should emphasizes
consume only the
4-5 use
bitesofproviding
technology, creativity,
160-200 kcal
and have to reduce the amount ofand otherinnovation
meals of the to day if need
foster to have
national some more
development,
bites. As consumption of foodprosperity containingand especially cereals, we
sustainability, nuts,aredried fruits,
currently
vegetables or fish rather than meat, low saturated
prepared to develop fat the
and creative
avoidance having sugary
educational and
drinks, can reduce blood pressure resulted
learning as effective
systems as medication,
and to equip students with continuous
the use
consummation of Miang Khamforofmore than a month
innovative can decrease
technologies the medication
of knowledge. We have for
lowering blood pressure and also better
placedthan the reduction
importance of salty foods
oncultivating alone.
accomplished and
Apparently, Miang Kham is consuming
proficient with wild
graduatesfor betel piper
the national leaves. Although
devel
development.
it is possible to wrap a bite with other leaves including lotus, romaine lettuce, spinach or
even Chinese broccoli leaves in certain areas, the choice of what leaves to use is up to
the consumer need, but it just is not the same as with these special wild betel piper
leaves imparting a bitter flavor and subtle spicy to the mixture bites. The betel leaves
known as different names in South East Asia countries
President of Rajamangala Universityof including Lao, Vietnamese,
Burma and Malaysia. On the other hand, there are cautions to wild Piper betel leaves
containing an oxalic acid up to 1.088 grams per 100 grams of plum juice (or ~ 1 gram of
oxalic acid in 100 grams of wild betel leaf bush), and can became Oxalate which is a
major cause of kidney stones and bladder [1]. After digesting into the body, oxalic acid
catches with certain minerals such as calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium,
which are present in other components of the Miang Kham. For example, when oxalic
acid is combined with calcium, it becomes calcium oxalate that is not soluble and will
interfere with the absorption of other nutrients. Normally the body can drive oxalate out
itself. If it is too much demand, the body will not be able to release it out. In worse
situation, consumers consecutively having lot of Miang Kham for long-time, high
calcium content in the leaves can be cause the disease. For being safe from oxalic acid
accumulation and kidney stones, consumers should not be taken in excess of 0.378
grams per kilogram of body weight. However, drinking a lot of water after finishing the
consumptions may dilute oxalate to be excreted in the urine, and having some kinds of
protein sources, such as fish, can reduce the oxalate crystallization.
Wild piper betel leaves have potential medicinal properties with various active
compounds such as allylpyrocatechol (APC), hydroxychavicol (HCV), piperbetol,
ethylpiperbetol, piperol A, piperol B, chavibetol, alkaloids, specially phenols and
terpenes exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-microbial [3], anti-tumor and
immunemodulatory properties and hydroxychavicol (HC) have been reported anti-
cancer attributes in inhibiting prostate cancer growth. In addition, the leaves possess
varying degree of hypoglycemic, anti-diabetic and other additional properties and also
1381dnalFebruary
Thailand
February 15-17,
positiveProleEHTof GNtraditional
URK YGOherbs LONH C E T FO
towards YTISRmellitus
diabetes EVINU Aand LAG NAreduce
can MAJAR blood
pressure.
Although promotingfototnconsume ediserP eMiang ht morKhamf egassiseMbeneficial to receive high
nutritional value and pehgood
tgnurhealth
K ygoof cons T fo ytibut
lonconsumers,
hceumers, srevitinshould
U alagbe
nam ajaRof the safety of
aware
consumption, especially the restrictions on the suitable amount for consuming to protect
ygoexcessive
the lonhcet eenergy
vitaerc problems
a eb ot and smiagallstones
KTUMRthat may occur after continuous having
ylglong
for nidroperiod
cca sahofyttime.isreviUsing
nu ehTdifferent
.aisrent
diffe A niplant ytisrleaves
evinu to replace the wild piper betel
leaves in the appropriate amount or the additionsuofcoother
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e d e h t n o de f protein sources such as fish,
lanoitanretor
mushroom ni other
ot ncereals
gila tahtot the smubitelucirwithout
ruc cimresulting
edaca in the different taste from the
hcraeserand
original eht still
detobe morappreciable,
p osla ble,
apprecia evahiseW still.sdanradimportant
nats conceptual idea to both
evitaerc htiwof shealth
enhancement cimedacand
ecivresbenefits a ehreduction
t ,tnempooflevchances
ed of accumulation of oxalate
.erutluinc the
substance dnabody
stra fando noother
itavredisease.
serp eht dna ,stpecnoc
dnaliahT fo noisimore
However v s’tnprogression
emnrevogehbased t rednon U knowledge of nutrition and food science
,ytivitng
focusing aeron
c ,ypreliminary
golonhcet fo study esu ehin t sefood
zisahquality
pme tahtand 0.4 safety,
safety processing and product
,tnempolevedis alalong
development noitaway tsof ot2).nNecessary
n re(Figure oitavonni disnacontinuous on both analysis of
quantity
yltnerruandc equality
ra ewof ,ymain tilibacomponents,
niatsus dnamicrobiological
ytirepsorp safety, chemical and physical
quality
dna laassessment,
noitssment,
acude ereplacement
vitaerc eht of polwild
evedpiper ot dbetel
erapeleaves
rp to protect oxidation reaction
inesprocessed
u eht htiwmixture,
stnedutswhich piuqe is ot andnasignificantly
smetsys gniimpacted
nrael cause of food rancidity and
decomposition
evah eW .egdduring elwonkstorage
fo seigperiod,
olonhctogether
et evitavwith onni emulsifier
fo for being supportable for
oxidation
dna ion
dehsinhibition,
ilpmocca gpackaging
nitavitlucnand o estorage
cnatropm conditions
i decalp for the final product to proceed
.tnempohealth
to furthermore leved lbenefits.
anoitan eht rofsetaudarg tneiciforp
benefits
Figure2: Conceptual flam of Miang Kham development streategy based on the three
preliminary product development including
procesed steps of preliminary, ing food safety assesment
and health promotion.
Recently Miang Kham has been developed into ready-to-eat

ready eat snack produced by
the food manufacturing industry in 2015. Therefore, furthermore development of ready-
ready
to-eat
eat Miang Kham for increasing the nutritional
nutritional value, while reducing the chances of
February
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Conference
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RAJAMANGALA
accumulation of oxalate, UNIVERSITY
together with theOF TECHNOLOGY
increase KRUNGTHEP
in ease of consumption and longer
storage may be the ideal concepts for supporting consumer health, food safety.
2. Conclusion Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
Furthermore improvement RMUTK food

 of traditional aims culture
to be fora creative
increase technology
in ease of
consumption, longer storage, healthy university in Asia.
and safety basesThe university hasof accordingly
on conservation intellectual
knowledge/wisdom of the Nation focused on thetogether
is necessary, development of our trend
with lifestyle personnel and
has been
academic
changed from the past, all of applications curriculums
of current that align
knowledge to international
and technologies could
standards.of We
assist at both development and preservation food have
culturealso
frompromoted the research
disappearance.
3. References concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
4.0 thatE.,
[1] Daudon, M., Letavernier, emphasizes
Frochot, the
V, use of technology,
Haymann, creativity,
J., Bazin, D. and
Jungers, P. (2016). Respective
and innovation influence
to of calcium
foster oxalatedevelopment,
national monohydrate
or dihydrate crystals.prosperity
Journal of and
ComptesrendusChimie.19;
sustainability, we are 1504-1513.
currently
[2] Rathee, J. S., Patro,prepared
B. S, Mula, S, Gamre,the
to develop S, Chattopadhyay, S. (2006).
Antioxidant activitylearning
of piper betel and
systems leaftoextract and its with
equip students constituents.
the use
Journal of Agric Food
of Chem.29;54(24):9046-54.
innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
[3] Fernandez, L., Daruliza,
placed K.,importance
Sudhakaran,oncultivating
S. andJegathambigai, R. (2012).
accomplished and
Antimicrobial activity of thegraduatesfor
proficient crude extract theofnational
Piper sarmentosum
devel
development. against
methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli,
Vibrio cholera and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Journal of Eur Rev Med
Pharmacol Sci. 16; 3:105-111.
[4] Zar, C. T., Teoh, S. L., Das, S., Dr.SukitNitinai
Zaiton, Z. andFarihah, H. S. (2012). Use
Piper sarmentosum
President of Rajamangala antidiabetic
as an effective Universityof ofsupplement
TechnologyinKrungthep
South East
Asia: a review. Journal of Clin Ter. 163(6):505-10.
[5] Zainudin, M. M., Zakaria. Z. and MohdNordin, N. A. M. (2015). The use
of Piper sarmentosum leaves aqueous extract (Kadukmy™) as
antihypertensive agent in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Journal of BMC
Complementary and Alternative Medicine. DOI 10.1186/s12906-015-
0565-z.
1401dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNURand
Opportunity K YObstacle
GOLONof HC ET FO YTISRin
Administration EVthe
INUAreaALSurrounding
AGNAMAJAR
the World Heritage Sites : A Comparative Study of the Cases
of Ayutthaya, fo tnThailand
ediserP eandht mAngkor,
orf egassCambodia
eM
Chanikan Polcharoen
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smiaVice-Director KTUMR 
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu eAyutthaya hT .aisA Studies
ni ytisreInstitute
vinu
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smuluciAbstract rruc cimedaca
evitaerc“Historic
htiw secCity imedaca eand
ivresofcAyutthaya ht ,tAssociated
nempolevedHistoric Towns” is one of the five
world.erheritage
utluc dnasitestrainfoThailand
noitavreswhich
erp ehwas
t dnaannounced
,stpecnoc by UNESCO in 1991, attracted
dnamost
the liahTvisitor.
fo noisHowever,
iv s’tnemthe nrevarea
ogehsurrounding
t rednU the world heritage site have problem
,ytivtoday.
until itaerc ,While
ygolonhAngkor
cet fo einsu Cambodia
eht sezisahpwas me announced
taht 0.4 by UNESCO in 1992, rising
more
,tnempopular
poleveddestination
lanoitan rfor etsotourist
f ot than
noitavAyutthaya,
onni dna from the evidence that Angkor
always
yltnerronuc toperaranking
ew ,in ytimany
libaniawebsite
tsus dfor na tourism.
ytirepsoAyutthaya
rp and Angkor are ASEAN
neighboring
dna lanoitaworld
cude heritage
evitaerc sites.
eht pTheolevdistance
ed ot dbetween
eraperp these two sites is approximately
400
esukilometers
eht htiw stfar.
neduThets piresearcher
uqe ot dnainteresting
smetsys gntoinrstudy
ael “Opportunity and Obstacle of
Administration
evah eW .egdeinlwthe onk Area
fo seSurrounding
igolonhcet evthe itavWorld
onni foHeritage Sites : A Comparative
Study
dna dofehsthe
ilpmCases
occa gof nitaAyutthaya,
vitlucno ecThailand
natropmi and decaAngkor,
lp Cambodia” The research
purpose.tn1)emptoolestudy
ved lantheoitaopportunity
n eht rofsetauand dargthetneicobstacle
iforp of administration both in
Ayutthaya’s area and Angkor’s area surrounding the world heritage site 2) to study
similar and dissimilar of the administration in the area of Ayutthaya and Angkor3) to
present the Angkor method for improving Ayutthaya’s historical area of administration.
The methodology is qualitative ianitiNresearch.
tikuS.rDThe results reveal that the administration in the
areapehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alaof
surrounding the world heritage sites gntwo
amajcountries
aR fo tnedare
iserreasonably
P different, not
only in the area of administration, but the policy are also diverse. Ayutthaya have
opportunity in self-regulating administration, local government and interest groups play
a role with world heritage site. Nevertheless, Angkor had prospect in receiving the
projects from European countries to administration their world heritage site such as
Apsara conservation project sponsored by German government. The local government
and the interest groups cannot be as factor in the world heritage site. In conclusion,
Ayutthaya can improve the administration in the area surrounding the world heritage
site by taking selected model from Angkor, Cambodia.
Keywords : World Heritage Site, Ayutthaya, Angkor
1. Introduction
The world heritage is academic concept and preservation technique, which

invented from international academician and continue development for many decades in
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization or UNESCO. The
world heritage mean worldwide treasure, both cultural and natural treasure of mankind
with derive from the past. Furthermore, This is responsibility of human societies to keep
value highly, to protect and to maintain for our next generation in the future (Sawitree
Suwansatit, 2014). The world heritage mean the places such as forest, mountain, lake,
dessert, monuments and human construction material include the cities which was
selected from UNESCO since 1972, to indicated the value of mankind creation and
natural creation and to specify the system for protect all the sites pass on the future.
February
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UntilRAJAMANGALA
October 31, 2017 UNIVERSITY
there are 1073 OF worldTECHNOLOGY
heritage sites KRUNGTHEP
within 167 countries.
Contained by 832 cultural sites, 206 natural sites and mixed 35 of both cultural and
Message
natural site (whc.unesco.org). There from
are 38the President
world of sites in ASEAN. The world
heritage
heritage list fromRajamangala
UNESCO aspireUniversity of Technology
as guarantee of consciousKrungthep
international cooperation
to protect all the important places trough future.
Thailand joined in the conventionRMUTK aims tothebeprotection
concerning a creativeof technology
the world
university since
cultural and natural heritage from UNESCO in Asia. The university
September 17, 1987 has accordingly
Thailand have a
focused on the development of our
chance to nomination significant sites, after had making an effort for many years; personnel and
finally, Historic City of Ayutthaya academic
become UNESCOcurriculumsworldthat alignlisttonumber
heritage international
576 in
15th session of the world heritage standards.
committee We inhave also promoted
Carthage, the research
Tunisia between 9-13
December 1991(whc.unesco.org). development,
Today, Thailand the have
academic
fiveic world
heritage sites 1)
Historic City of Ayutthaya (1991) concepts, and the
2) Historic preservation
Town of arts and
of Sukhothai and culture.
Associated
Historic Towns (1991) 3) Thungyai-HuaiKhaKhaengUnder thegovernment’s vision of (1991)
Wildlife Sanctuaries Thailand4)
Ban Chiang Archaeological Site4.0(1992) that emphasizes
and 5) Dong the usePhayayen-KhaoYai
of technology, creativity,Forest
Complex (2005). and innovation to foster national development,
Cambodia joined in the prosperity
convention and concerning the protection
sustainability, we are of the world
currently
cultural and natural heritage from UNESCO
prepared since November
to develop the creative 28, educational
1991; recently,and
th
Angkor become UNESCO world learning heritage list number
systems and668 in 16 students
to equip session with
of thethe
world
use
heritage committee in Santa Fe, USA between 7-14
of innovative Decemberof1992
technologies (whc.unesco.org).
knowledge. We have
Today, Cambodia have three worldplaced heritage sites 1) Angkor
importance (1992) 2)
oncultivating Temple of Preah
accomplished and
Vihear (2008) 3) Temple Zone proficient
of Samborgraduatesfor
Prei Kuk, the Archaeological Site of Ancient
devel
Ishanapura (2017).
Historic City of Ayutthayareflected to the splendid of for mercapital city of
Thailand. Ayutthaya have been the world’s centre of commerce and connected
civilization between eastern world and western world among 1350-1767. Ayutthaya
have advantage over another world cultural and natural heritage
President of Rajamangala Universityof sites in
of Technology Thailand.
Krungthep
Approximately 80 kilometers far from Bangkok, Ayutthaya attracted both of Thai and
foreigners and have a large number of tourists more than another cultural heritage sites.
Historic City of Ayutthayahad received prize from the attractive tangible heritage of the
year award 2015 from International Travel Expo (ITE) in Ho Chi Minh City (The
Nation, Sep. 11, 2015 : 5A) Although, Ayutthaya have highly tourism income but, the
problem arise because the overlap territorial claims area between new communities
around historical area. Urban development, communities expanding, tourism industry
activities, movement of the government sector, behaviour of the interest groups and
inhabitant in the area surrounding world heritage site are opposite directions from
preserving the ancient site. Ayutthaya have problem in the balance of preservation and
development.
Angkor archaeological site located in Siem Reap, northern part of
Cambodia,There is 320.3 kilometers far (google.co.th/maps/) from Phnom Penh,
Angkor is ancient remain of Khmer empire, glorious from 9-15 centuryand represents
artistic masterpieces of Khmer architecture which consists of groups of temples,
monuments, medical station, symbolic values, gates, barriers, reservoirs and routes. The
ancient constructions extend approximately 400 square kilometres, lead Angkor as one
of the most important world heritage sites in South East Asia. Angkor always put into
top ten ranking together with Borobudur, Indonesia in many websites for tourism.
Angkor and Borobudur are popular for cultural and historical tourists. Ayutthaya and
Angkor regard as historical accompany, as continue territory since the past. Today,
Thailand and Cambodia are integration in ASEAN community. The distance between
1421dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEsites
these two HTGisNonly
URK414.2
YGOkilometers
LONHCE(google.co.th/maps/).
T FO YTISREVINUIt’s ALnot
AGfar
NAto
MA JARfrom
drive
Ayutthaya to travel at Angkor. The researcher interesting to study “Opportunity and
Obstacle of Administration info tthe
nedArea
iserP Surrounding
eht morf egathe
sseMWorld Heritage Sites : A
Comparative Studypof
ehtthe
gnuCases onhceT fo yThailand
rK ygofolAyutthaya, tisrevinU
andalAngkor,
agnamajCambodia”
aR
2.ygResearch
olonhcet Aimsevitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 
dna len1.nosTorep study
ruo fothe tnem poleved ehand
opportunity t no thedesuobstacle
cof of administration both in
lanoitanretnarea
Ayutthaya’s i otandngAngkor’s
ila taht sareamulusurrounding
cirruc cimethe dacworld
a heritage site.
hcraeser2. eToht dstudy
etomosimilar
rp osla and evahdissimilar
eW .sdraofdnathe ts administration in the area of
evitaerc hand
Ayutthaya secivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
tiw Angkor.
.erut3.
lucTodnpresent
a stra fothe
noiAngkor
tavresermethod
p eht dnfora ,stimproving
pecnoc Ayutthaya’s historical area of
administration.
3.,tnResearch
empoleveMethodology
d lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna
dna lanTheoitacmethodology
ude evitaercisequalitative
ht polevedresearch
ot deradivided
perp into 3 groups 1. To collected
the
esudata
eht2.htTo
iw checked
stnedutsthe piudata
qe oand
t dn3.
a sTomeanalyze
tsys gnithe
nraedata
l
evah eW .1. egdThe
elworesearcher
nk fo seigcollected
olonhcet theevitadata
vonnfrom
i fo documentary reviews and field
work
dna study
dehsilpinmAyutthaya
occa gnitavand itlucAngkor.
no ecnatThe ropmprimary
i decalpsources such as 1) the document
concept.tnofemthe
poleworld
ved lanheritage
oitan eht 2)rofsthe
etaudocument
darg tneicifoforptheories and concepts of area
administration 3) the document from Department of Fine Arts, Ministry of Culture
project to the government to sustain Historic City of Ayutthaya. As of secondary
sources such as 1) related documents and research of world heritage’s area
administration 2) article,iamagazine
nitiNtikuSand.rDnewspaper correlated with Historic City of
Ayutthaya
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU aresearcher
and Angkor. Besides the lagnamajaRuse fo tsemi-structured
nediserP interview key-
informants, causal-informants, specialists of world heritage site and observe the area
surrounding the world heritage sites in Ayutthaya, Thailand and Angkor, Cambodia.
2. The researcher checked the data by usingexternal criticism, internal
criticism and verified data by triangulation method.
3. The researcher analyze the data by interpret for grouping data, analyze of
the continuous situation and unceasing activities, analyze of the data composition and
comparing both of similar and dissimilar data. Next, using time frame for historical
analysis and presented by descriptive analysis.
Results
The results reveal that Ayutthaya is advantage in the area which is not far from
Bangkok, which have many means of transportation. Ayutthaya is the best choice for
local tourists and foreigner who had time limit and budget limit. The world heritage site
is not separate from people’s residence. It’s convenient to enter all sites with all selected
vehicle. Furthermore, Ayutthaya had boats service, which more than 200 amount of
small cruiser have waiting to travel around Ayutthaya City Island. However, Ayutthaya
is disadvantage in overlapped area between preserve area and dwelling area. The non-
standard construction, lumber with household materials and municipal solid waste
always encroach on ancient site. Ayutthaya is lack of collaboration and integration
between government sector, private sector and local communities, which conduce
towards conflict in administration in the area surrounding the world heritage site.
Especially, the dissension in the midst of Department of Fine Arts and Ayutthaya city
February
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RAJAMANGALA
municipal UNIVERSITY
in political economy issue andOF TECHNOLOGY
local government and KRUNGTHEP
interest groups play a
role with world heritage site.
Message in
Ayutthaya had opportunity from the President
self-regulate of
administration without intervention
Rajamangala
from foreign state University
agency. Historic City ofofAyutthaya
Technology wasKrungthep
protected by Thai law since
1961, under the Act on Ancient Monuments, Antiques, Objects of Art and National
Museums, 1961 as amended by Act (No.2), RMUTK 1992,aims to bebya Department
enforced creative technology
of Fine
Arts, Ministry of Culture. There university in Asia.
is another lawThefromuniversity has accordingly
Thai government, the
Ratchaphatsadu Land Act, 1975, the City Planning Act 1975, the Building Control Act personnel and
1979as amended by Act (No.2),academic 1992 andcurriculums that align
the Enhancement to international
and Conservation of
National Environmental Quality Act, standards.
1992. We have also promoted the research
“Angkor was abandoned development,
in 1432 and the academic
Angkor Waticwasservices
turned with creative
into Buddhist
monastery. Portuguese and Spanish concepts, and theJapanese
missionaries, preservation of arts
pilgrim had and
knownculture.
Angkor
Wat well but, nobody outside believed what Under
theythegovernment’s
had described about vision
theofwonderous
Thailand
place.” (Interviewed, Aoung Dara, 4.0 that emphasizes
on January 26, 2015)the use of technology, creativity,
Angkor was rediscovery in and1863 by Henri Mouhot
innovation to foster letters and notebooks
national were
development,
published posthumously in English and French
prosperity and(Marilia Albanese,we
sustainability, 2006arep.56). After
currently
French had claimed Cambodia in 1863, the restoration
prepared to developproject begins. educational and
the creative
Angkor have prospect inlearning
receiving the projects
systems and to from
equip European
students withcountries in
the use
Cambodia’s capacity as previous colony, in ordertechnologies
of innovative to support theof administration
knowledge. We of have
their
world heritage site such as German Apsara
placed Conservation
importance Project (GACP),
oncultivating a non-profit
accomplished and
organization sponsored by German Foreigngraduatesfor
proficient Office (en.wikipedia.org).Angkor
the national development.
devel is one of
the largest archaeological site in the world, the area extend over 400 square kilometres.
The Cambodia government cannot manage unaccompanied, from the evidence that
there were no law to protect Angkor before it was listed in 1992. After Angkor was
announced, UNESCO has set up a wide-ranging programme to preserve Angkor. The
Cambodia government President
began legally protected Angkor
of Rajamangala Universityof byofthe Royal Decree
Technology on the
Krungthep
Zoning of the Region of Siem Reap adopted on 28 May 1994, the Royal Decree on the
creation of the APSARA National Authority for the protection of the site and the
management of the Angkor Region adopted on 19 February 1995, the Law on the
protection of natural and cultural heritage proclaimed on 25 January 1996, the No.70
SSR government Decision, dated 16 September 2004 claimed all lands in zone 1 and
zone 2 of Angkor site are state properties (oalib.com), and the sub-decree No.50
ANK/BK on the organisation and functioning of the Apsara National Authority adopted
on 9 May 2008, only for establishment of the Department of Land-use and Habitat
Management in Angkor area. However, from the opinion of interviewee disagree with
Cambodia government, who make Angkor world heritage site be as the politics.
“Cambodia Government always depended on the order from Apsara
Conservation Project as if everything is belonging to Apsara. It’s depressed to ask for
permission from Apsara. Angkor should lead richness to Cambodia but, the tickets
revenue has sent to Vietnam.”(Interviewed, Local People No.1, on January 26, 2015)
Compare of the administration in the area of Ayutthaya and Angkor
1441dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNURK YGOLOAyutthaya
Topics NHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAAngkor GNAMAJAR
Ages Former capital, 14-18 century Khmer empire,9-15 century
Listed fo tned1991
iserP eht morf egass1992 eM
Areas pehtgnurK ygolo4nkm2 hceT fo ytisrevinU400 alagkm2
namajaR
Policy Self-regulate administration Receiving the projects from
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR  European countries and
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu getting
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof wide-ranging programme
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smulucirruc cimedaca from UNESCO
hcraSponsored
eser eht detomorp oslaThai evaGovernment
h eW .sdradnats European countries,
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved UNESCO
.erutluc dna stra fo noDepartment
Responsible itavreserp ehoft dFine
na ,stArts,
pecnoc Collaboration with German
dnaliInstitute
ahT fo noisiv s’tnemMinistry
nrevogehoft Culture
rednU and Apsara Conservation Project
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet foAyutthaya
esu eht sezCity
isahMunicipal
pme taht 0.4 and UNESCO
,Decision
tnempoleMaking
ved lanoitan retsThai of oGovernment
t noitavonni dna Cambodia Government
yltneAuthority
rruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp depend on Apsara
dna lanoitacude evitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp Conservation Project
esAdministration
u eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dHierarchy
na smetsys gninrael Law Enforcement with high
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo legal punishment
dna Problem
dehsilpmocca gniConflict
tavitlucnbetween
o ecnatrogovernment
pmi decalp Depend on Apsara
.tnempoleved lanoitansector,
eht rofincluded
setaudargwith tneiciforp Conservation Project and
stakeholders local government local people want to play a
and interest groups play a role in role in the area
surrounding area and local
ianitiNtikudon’t
communities S.rDpay attention
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevtointhe U asite
lagnamajaR fo tnediserP
Value Proud of Ayutthaya Proud of Angkor
Expectation Collaboration of government Angkor can lead richness to
sector, private sector and local socio-economic of Cambodia
communities
Ayutthaya was the past Thailand capital, glorious from 14-18 century and was
listed as the world heritage site in 1991 with 4 km2 of the areas. The policy to sustain
the site is self-regulate administration without intervention from the other countries
except the UNESCO regulation. The decision making authority and sponsored came
from Thai government, the responsible institute are Department of Fine Arts, Ministry
of Culture and Ayutthaya City Municipal with hierarchy bureaucracy. The serious
problems are conflict between government sector, included with stakeholders local
government and interest groups play a role in surrounding area and local communities
don’t pay attention to the site. Thai people are proud of Ayutthaya and expect to see
collaboration of government sector, private sector and local communities in the future.
Angkor is the ruins of ancient Khmer empire, splendors from9-15 century and was
listed as the world heritage site in 1992 with 400 km2 of the areas. The policy to sustain
the site is to getting wide-ranging programme from UNESCO and receiving the projects
from European countries trough Apsara conservation project as responsible institute and
decision making authority. The site administration was be rigid of law enforcement with
high legal punishment. The serious problems are administration’s right from Apsara
conservation project and local people have no chance to play a role in the area.
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RAJAMANGALA
Cambodian UNIVERSITY
people are proud of Angkor OF
andTECHNOLOGY
hope that AngkorKRUNGTHEP
can lead richness to
socio-economic of Cambodia.
Rajamangala
4. Conclusion and DiscussionUniversity of Technology Krungthep
Ayutthaya and Angkor RMUTK aims

 are reasonably to be Angkor
dissimilar. a creativelocate
technology
in an
enormous area when compare university in Asia. Assumption
with Ayutthaya. The university fromhashistorical
accordinglyof
administration in Cambodia that the government is waiting for the assistance from the and
academic
developed countries, as former colony’s curriculums
preference that align
from European to international
countries. Cambodia
already set country up in 1999,standards.
attended as WeASEAN
have also promotedafter
membership the ended
research
of
development,
extensively civil war. In the sight of UNESCO is the still academic ic services
considerate with creative
that Cambodia cannot
manage the 400 km2 without help. concepts, and the
Someplace in preservation
Angkor is waitingof arts to
anduncover
culture.that
European countries are really want to develop Undertechnology
thegovernment’s
using in vision of Thailand
archaeology and
4.0 thatCambodia
history. It is win-win situation because emphasizesgovernment
the use of technology,
cannot spend creativity,
a large
amount of money to preserve Angkor and and in the European
innovation to fostercountries
nationaldon’t have place
development,
like Angkor. Although, Cambodiaprosperity
people cannot
and play a role with Angkor
sustainability, we areandcurrently
Angkor
still cannot lead richness to socio-economic of Cambodia
prepared to develop from theeducational
the creative expectationand of
Cambodian people. learning systems and to equip students with the use
Ayutthaya is smaller thanofAngkor. Ayutthaya
innovative had conflict
technologies between government
sector, included with stake holdersplaced
local government
importance and interest groups
oncultivating play a roleand
accomplished in
surrounding area and local communities
proficientdon’t pay attention
graduatesfor to the site.
the national develHowever, Thai
development.
government can use self-regulate administration policy. Ayutthaya can improve the
administration in the area surrounding the world heritage site by taking selected model
from Angkor, Cambodia. Such as law enforcement with high legal punishment in the
area surrounding world heritage site. Practically, guides in Cambodia are preserve jobs
for Cambodian people only.
President of Rajamangala prohibit,
Foreign guides was Universityofsomeone who broke
of Technology the law
Krungthep
must pay fee commission around 3,000.- US Dollars (Interviewed, Aoung Dara, on
January 26,2015). There are 11 languages guides in Cambodia, guides must pass on
exam in the one selected language and renew license every two years. The tourists must
go to taking photograph, paying ticket fee and received label at the center tourism
before visit Angkor. If the label loss, the tourist must contact their guides suddenly, who
broke the law must be captive. Everything is system attics and was controllable by
Cambodian government depended on Apsara Conservation Project.
5. Suggestions
In Ayutthaya, each group interpreted the difference meaning of the world

heritage site. “Historic City of Ayutthaya and Associated Historic Towns” mean the
world heritage site from UNESCO, mean national treasure, maybe mean power
authority, mean places of pay respect to the Buddha, mean relax places near Bangkok
and possibly mean the channel to earn someone’s living. If Thai government can
balance the benefit of all groups, whose conflict in Ayutthaya. There will be the
successful and sustainable administration of the world heritage surrounding area in
Ayutthaya.
1461dnalFebruary
Thailand

6. References
[1] fo tnediserP eht morf egasseaccessed

Angkor<http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/668> M on December 18,
2014. pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
[2] Ayutthaya to Angkor<https://www.google.co.th/maps/> accessed on
ygolonhcet eOctober
vitaerc a1, e2017.
b ot smia KTUMR 
ylgnidro[3] cca sGerman
ah ytisrevApsara
inu ehT .Conservation
aisA ni ytisrevProject<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
inu
dna lennosrepGerman_Apsara_Conservation_Project>accessed
ruo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof on December 18, 2016.
lanoitan[4]retni Historic
ot ngilaCitytahtof sm ulucirruc cimedaca
Ayutthaya<http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/576> accessed
hcraeser eht ondeJanuary
tomorp 21,osl2016.
a evah eW .sdradnats
secivres cim
evitaerc[5]htiwInterviewed, edacaDara,
Aoung eht ,at
tneAngkor,
mpoleveon d January 26,2015
.erut[6]
luc dnInterviewed,
a stra fo noitLocal
avresePeople
rp eht dNo.1,
na ,stpatecAngkor,
noc on January 26, 2015
dnaliahT [7]fo nMarilia
oisiv s’Albanese.
tnemnrevo(2006).
geht redAngkor
nU Splendors of the Khmer Civilization.
,ytivitaerc ,ygWhite
olonhcStar
et foS.r.l.
esu eItaly.
ht sezisahpme taht 0.4
,tnempo[8] levedRoyal
lanoitGovernment
an retsof otofnoCambodia,
itavonni dnDecision
a No.70/SSR<http://www.
yltnerruc eraoalib.com/references/9335443>
ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytiaccessed repsorp on July 1, 2017
dna lan[9] oitacuSawitree
de evitaeSuwansatit,
rc eht polevEditor.
ed ot (2014).
deraperp“Historic City of Ayutthaya Thai
esu eht htiw Heritage-World
stneduts piuqe otHeritage”
dna smetsyGovernment
s gninrael Office in PhraNakhon Si
evah eW .egdAyutthaya
elwonk foand seigAyutthaya
olonhcet evStudies
itavonnInstitute,
i fo PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya
dna dehsilpmRatjabhat
occa gnitUniversity.
avitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
.tn[10]
empoSiem
leved lReap
anoitaton ehAngkor<https://www.google.co.th/maps/>
t rofsetaudarg tneiciforp accessed on
October 1, 2017.
[11] The Nation, Sep. 11, 2015: p.5A“Ayutthaya Historical Park honoured”
[12] UNESCO Archives AtoMcatalogue<https://atom.archives.unesco.org/
cambodia-convention-concerning-protection-of-world-cultural-and-
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisraccessed
natural-heritage> evinU alaongnJanuary
amajaR 15, fo tn2015.
ediserP
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RAJAMANGALA
Thai Song Dam: UNIVERSITY
Cultural DiversityOF TECHNOLOGY
Leads to Creative KRUNGTHEP
Economy
of Suratthani Province
Jirawan of Technology Krungthep
Promthong
Lecturer in Faculty of Humumanitie and Socialsciences,
Suratthani
RajabhatUniversity
Abstract
Thai Song Dam people have academic curriculums
uniqueness cultural that
such align to international
as costume, hair style,
language, habitation, food, and careerstandards.
and alsoWe have beliefs
including also promoted the researchIt
that been continuing.
creates many interesting rituals and development,
tradition forthe them.
Many with creative
old cultures are not
disappearing by cultural flow butconcepts, and theEven
still continue. preservation of arts
in the flow of and culture.
outside culture
coming to replace the original culture. The first Under thegovernment’s
category vision
is the cultural of Thailand
diversity of Thai
Song Dam’s Songkran tradition. Second 4.0 that category,
emphasizes the use
cultural of technology,
diversity which iscreativity,
using in
cultural products.Third category, and cultural diversity to
innovation in rituals.
foster Thus,
nationalcultural diversity
development,
leads to creative economy. prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
Keyword :Thai Song Dam, Cultural Diversity,
prepared Creative Economy
to develop the creative educational and
1. Introduction of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
proficient
The original Thai Song Dam came graduatesfor
from Dien theBien national devel
development.
Phu city. They are always
wearing black clothing dyed with indigo. Differences with nearby tribes such as White
Thai people are wearing white clothing and Red Thai people are using red cloth to
decorate shirts. Thai Song Dam people were immigrants settled in Thailand two times.
First, in King of the Thonburi Kingdom periodwhich wanted the people go to hit the
President
city of Vientiane in 1778.And of King
then, Rajamangala
Rama IIIUniversityof of Technology
wanted those Thai Song Krungthep
Dam settled
down there at Pethburi cityand named as Lao Song. The evidence of immigration in
Thailand both shows that Thai Song Dam people settled in Phetchaburi firstly. From the
narrative of Thai Song Dam people describe that migrants from the original settlement
by boat and settled at Tha Raeng, Ban Lame district which is a beach house. They did
not like that landscape and moved to Khao Yoi district where the landscape is forest like
the original settlers and they have been densely populated. After that, Thai Song Dam
people moved to make a living in other places such as Nakorn Pathom, Ratchaburi,
Supanburi, Pijit, Chumpon, and Suratthani.
The areas of Phunphin, Nasarn, and Kiensa in Suratthani have a long history in
existence. At the same time, there are historical monuments, settlements as well as the
development of the community for long time ago. There is a common system of people
in the community and Thai Song Dam people have lived to the present. The change of
society is part of bringing about changes in the way people live in PhunphinDistrict,
Ban Nasarn District and Kiensa District. Whether a reducing of the way of the people in
the community. This is a situation that has a lot of impact on the way people live in the
community.The major cultural conservation occurred in PhunphinDistrict and Ban
Nasarn District. The economy of Thai Song Dam community is Self-reliant community
in term of economics. Farming is the main occupationeven if they migrate to new areas,
they are still farming. It may change to other crops than rice such as farming, palm oil,
Para rubber and other agriculture economy.
For those reasons, it is interesting to study the cultural diversity of the creative
economy of the Thai Song Dam people in Surat Thani. Therefore, to create value in the
1481dnalFebruary
Thailand
creativePeconomy
EHTGNUtoRK seeYthat
GOLunder
ONHC theETstrong
FO Yidentity,
TISREVhow INU they
ALAkeep
GNAtheir
MAJA R
culture.
Collected field data from Thai Song Sam people who immigrated from Pecthburi which using
individual and group interview.foObservation
tnediserP ealonght mowithrf egthe
assecollection
M of information from
related various documents.
We also found that Thai Song Dam has uniqueness cultural such as educational
ygoalphabets,
and lonhcet evculture,
itaerc atraditions,
eb o t s m ia beliefs.
and KTUMRIn the past,  Thai Song Dam people were
ylgnpoorly
very idroccaeducated.
sah ytisrThey
evinuhaveehT alphabets
.aisA ni ytotisrecord
revinu the culture as seen on Kam Kab
dnaBok
Kue lennTang
osrep(to rutell
o fothetnespirituals
mpoleveda way eht ntoo Tan
desuCity),
cof to celebrate new house and the
lanoitanretisnitransmitted
knowledge ot ngila in tahthe
t sfamily.
mulucirruc cimedaca
hcraeser eThaiht deSong
tomorDamp oslethnic
a evahgroupeW has .sdraadrich
natsheritage of wisdom and culture in
evitaercThis
clothing. htiwissethe es c i m
civrname ofedthis
aca group
eht ,tnoremeven
polevedress
d can be used as a borderline
.erutethnic
between luc dnagroups
stra fo and
noitaother
vresetribes.
rp eht dOrna when
,stpecninoca position as displaced people in
dnaKingdom
The liahT fo nof oisThailand
iv s’tnemand nrevfound
ogeht that
rednclothing
U value in terms of functionality and
,ytivitwhich
rituals aerc ,yglinking
olonhcetot fall
o edimension
su eht sezissuch
ahpmas e taHe
ht 0Clothing
.4 Ritual. They have to wear
black
,tnemclothing
poleved inladaily
noitanlife.retEthics
sof otgroups
noitavuseonnfabric
i dnato show identity. At present, the
value
yltneof
rrucostumesshows
c era ew ,ytthe ilibpower
aniatsuofs richness
dna ytiand repsuniversal
orp beauty.
However,
dna lanoOn itacthe
udeone evihand,
taerc itehmay
t poreflect
leved theot dattempt
eraperpto inherit the local culture through
adaptive
esu ehtculture
htiw sand
tnedconsisted
uts piuqwith
e ot economic
dna smetchange.
sys gninTheyrael adapted to the economic conditions
along
evahwith
eWsocial
.egdemechanism.
lwonk fo sWe eigoare
lontrying
hcet toevanswer
itavonnthei foquestions as the existence of the Thai
Song
dna Dam
dehspeople
ilpmocin ca the
gncultural
itavitlucdiversity
no ecnausedtropmtoi create
decalpvalue added in creative economy
in Suratthani
.tnempcanolevbe
eddivided
lanoitaninto eht3rocategorizes
fsetaudarg as tnefollowing,
iciforp
First, cultural diversity of Thai Song Dam’s Songkran tradition
At present, the Thai Song Dam people are trying to preserve Songkran
culture. In Songkran festival, each year, there is a unique showcase such as Fon Can
dancing, Throwing LookiaChouang, nitiNtikuScooking
.rD and wearing Thai Song Dam original
costume.
Figure1 : Fon Can dancing, costume and Throwing Look Chouang in Thai Song Dam’s
Songkran tradition
Considering the current cultural diversity, it is found that the learning center
is the venue for the Songkran festival and to be the area to show Thai Song Dam’s
identity in every groups, genders and age. And to created meaning or feeling together.
One observer noted that Thai Song Dam people are dependent on ethnic factors for
social relations between Thai Song Dam people together.
Second,cultural diversity using in cultural products
Cultural diversity in the "Cloth Pattern" as seen on He Shirt can be create in
the form of “Cultural Products” such as bags, key chains, and mobile phone covers. It is
a tactic that makes Thai Song Dam people can retain some of their identity. The way of
life has changed into a trading culture in the market place.
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Figure2 : Cultural products suchacademic curriculums
as bags, key chain, pillowthatpattern,
align breast
to international
clothand
Waist strap
Therefore, Thai Song Dam concepts, andorganized
people the preservation of artsLearning
at “Cultural and culture.
Center’
and bring “Culture Products” such as clothing, Underkey thegovernment’s
chains, bags andvision of Thailand
agricultural crops
to sale. 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
Third, cultural diversity inand
rituals
The social structure ofprosperity
Thai Songand Damsustainability,
people is tendingwe to arebe currently
an open
social and can see the ritual performances
prepared to such as San
develop the Ruen Ritual
creative and wedding
educational and
ceremony.Communities can generate revenue from cultural capital to add values
learning systems and to equip students with the use which
conduct in every month. There is Thai Song Damtechnologies
of innovative identity. of knowledge. We have
devel
Figure3 : Sen Ruen ceremony and Thai Song Dam Wedding ceremony in Suratthani
The findings of the study show that in the past, Thai Song Dam community
was a closed society to the outside world and with enough production factors to
maintain the cultural foundation. However, when the community is likely to open up to
the outside world, there was the combination of culture or cultural invention. The goal
is to maintain their identity and identity of local culture.
The three categorizes of cultural diversity of Thai Song Dam reflected that
cultural processes that try to add value and maintain the meaning in form of original
community to create a sense of pride or dignity in the development of culture into the
outside world and open the community area to be known widely.
2. Epilogue
To use diversity cultural in added value creation based on the creative economy
of Thai Song Dam people in Suratthani province was the use of culture as a cost to
create "value" is relative and consistent with the changes that occur. Especially, they are
trying to inherit the meaning or identity of traditional civilization in the context of
housing and bringing culture to creative economy in the province or in the area as well.
1501dnalFebruary
Thailand

3. References
[1] Jirawan Promthong. fo tned(2015).

iserP ehAt m orf egasseMStudy of Language Usage
Comparative
pehtgnurK of
Characteristics ygoThai eT fo ytisrPeople
lonhcSongDam evinU aatlagSuratthani
namajaR Province and
Petchaburi. : Institute of Suratthani Rajabhat University.
ygolonh[2]cet eSuttanome
vitaerc a eTannin.
b ot sm(1996).
ia KTUMTradition
R of
 the Thai song in phun pin
ylgnidrocca sdistrict,surat
ah ytisrevinuthaniehTprovince:
.aisA ni AytiThesis
srevinusubmitted in partial fulfillment of
dna lennosreptherurequirements
o fo tnempolefor vedtheehtdegree
no desofucomaster
f of arts program in history
lanoitanretni faculty
ot ngiof la Liberal
taht sm ulucSrinakharinwirot
Arts. irruc cimedaca University.
hcraeser[3]eht Somsong
detomorpBrutpat.
osla e(1996).
vah eW Thailand
.sdradnatSong
s Encyclopedia ethnic groups:
secivresofcim
evitaerc htiwInstitute edaca ehand
language t ,tnCulture
empolevefor d Rural Development. Mahidol
.erutluc dnUniversity.
a stra fo noitavreserp eht dna ,stpecnoc
dnaliahT [4]fo nSuwimon
oisiv s’tnvatviroj.
emnrevo(2009).
geht rednTheU revelation on identity through traditional
,ytivitaerc ,ygcostume
olonhcet of fo ethe
su ethai
ht sesong
zisahin
pmphun
e tahtpin
0.4 district,surat thani province : A
,tnempolevedThesis lanoitsubmitted
an retsofinopartial
t noitfulfillment
avonni dnaof the requirements for the degree
yltnerruc eraof master
ew ,ytof ilibarts
aniaprogram
tsus dnain ymasstirepscommunication
orp faculty of journalism
dna lanoitacuand de mass
evitaecommunication
rc eht polevedThammasat
ot deraperuniversity.
p
February
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RAJAMANGALA
Integrative treatmentUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
of postmenopausal women betweenKRUNGTHEP Traditional Thai
medicine and modern medicinePrapokklao Hospital, Chantaburi
Rajamangala University ofSinwat,
Suratsawadee Technology
ATTM. Krungthep
Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
Abstract
focused on
The research aims to study the problems the development
of treatmentof for ourpostmenopausal
personnel and
academic modern
women with traditional Thai medicineand curriculums
medicinethat atalign to international
Prapokklao hospital,
standards.
Chantaburi, Thailand. This research We have research
applied qualitative also promoted
approach.theWhenresearch
Thai
development,
traditional medicinedoctor takes the the academic
pulse to diagnose ic serviceserror
the symptoms, withmaycreative
occur
concepts,
due to cases that patients have many and the preservation
complicatedsymptoms. of arts and
Moreover culture.
using medical
herbs in combination with inappropriate foodUnder thegovernment’s
(in Thailand vision
called slang) andofnoThailand
specific
4.0 that
therapeutic treatment cannot control the emphasizes
incidence ofthethe usesymptoms
of menopause.
Follow-up of treatment for postmenopausal women to
and innovation is understood to stop development,
foster national the treatment
when there is no symptom. In terms of integrated
prosperity and treatment,
sustainability,it waswefoundare that taking
currently
comprehensive history based on scientific,
preparedusing herbal medicine
to develop together
the creative with avoiding
educational and
the inappropriate food and follows up with
learning laboratory
systems and to tests canstudents
equip promotewitheffective of
the use
treatment. of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
Key words: Postmenopausal women, Thai traditional
placed importance medicine,
oncultivating Applied Thai
accomplished and
Traditional medicine, Modern medicine, Integration
devel
1. Introduction
Local wisdom in health, folk medicineDr.SukitNitinai

and traditional Thai medicine have been
the traditional health wisdom
President of Rajamangalaalso
of Thailand and be a part
Universityof of Thai community
of Technology and
Krungthep
culture therefore health development must be in line with community, culture, customs,
beliefs and religions in order to leads to self-reliance of community and country. Each
medical system is an alternative way to support and strength the health system of one
another with focus and promoting the self-reliance of the people health care is the key
or the ultimate goal (Department of Health Services, 2010).
Nowadays, Thailand was faced in the situation of “Thailand is an elderly
society” based on data from the Strategic Plan for Health Promotion and Environmental
Health (2018-2021) it was found that people in middle age (40-59 years), which is the
force that drives the economy of the country were faced the health problem in their
body such as dental health, cardiovascular system and diabetes (Department of Health,
2016). According to the report of the Center for Women's Health of Samitivej Hospital
the average age of postmenopausal women is 45 to 60 years. Nowadays, there are
increasing of elderly people, it means that the number of people in the old age is
increasing as well. It is expected that in 2050, the average life expectancy for females
will increase up to 81 years of age, and males 78 respectively so the number of
postmenopausal women will increase from 27 percent to 45 percent (Women's Health
Center, 2015). It seems that the changes and problems encountered in the group of
postmenopausal people can be found in every region of the world.
The old age is the age that the endocrine function of the reproductive system
has decreased sexual hormone. This change affected structure and functions of the body
therefore the symptoms are found like disturbing the feeling and mind. This symptom
is a great suffering to women in this age and it affects the organs in various systems of
1521dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTPsychological
their body. GNURK YGO LONHcan
impact CETleadsFO Ythe TISR EVINU AisLAcalled
syndrome GNAM AJAR
Menopausal
Syndrome and Andropausal Syndrome, these include neurological changes,
cardiovascular system, urinary fo tnsystem,
ediserP ereproductive
ht morf egasssystemeM and skeletal system
(PorntipSiraapiwat,pe2008). htgnurK It yis
golfound
onhceTthe fo ysymptoms
tisrevinU aof lagn amajaR and lack of
Irritability
confidence around 92 percent. Follow by the exhausted, sweating and chills at night,
ygosymptom
this lonhcet ewill vitatake
erc aaround
eb ot1-5 smminutes.
ia KTUMoreover,
MR there
 are some problems with the
ylgnidand
vagina roccabladders
sah ytidue
srevito nudry ehTand.aithin
sA nvaginal
i ytisrevwhich
inu make most of postmenopausal
dna lensuffering
women nosrep rwhile
uo fo making
tnempolove levedwith
eht their
no dcouple.
esucof This also affects the wife role in
lanfamily
the oitanrerelationship.
tni ot ngilaFor tahexample,
t smulucshe irrucis afraid
cimedathatca she is not to be loved as usual,
hcraesleads
which er ehto t danetounstable
morp osand la esensitive
vah eW emotion
.sdradnathatts can be a reason for avoiding
evitaerintercourse
sexual c htiw secwith cimepartners
ivres their daca eht(Yang,,tnemp2016).
oleved Additional, relationship between
.erutlin
members uctheir
dna sfamily
tra fo nisoione
tavrfactor
eserp ethat
ht dcan
na ,smake
tpecnsituation
oc worse such as husband and
dnalare
wife iahTthefo same
noisivage s’tnand
emnother
revogproblems,
eht rednU and these problems can cause stress and
,ytivitaefor
anxiety rc ,ywomen
golonhc(Peng,
et fo es2016).
u eht seTherefore,
zisahpme tathese ht 0.4menopausal women must try to
balance
,tnempothemselves
leved lanofor itanormal
n retsosituation
f ot nosuch itavoasnniusing
dna medical treatment. In the past, it
was
yltnfound
erruc that
era Thai
ew traditional
,ytilibaniamedicine
tsus dna has ytitreated
repsorppostmenopausal women for long
time.
dna lUntil
anoitanow,
cude ethere
vitaeris c ean ht Applied
poleved Thaiot derTraditional
aperp medicine has become an
alternative
esu eht htwayiw sfor
tnedpostmenopausal
uts piuqe ot dnawomen. smetsys gninrael
evah eW This
.egdresearch
elwonk fois seworking
igolonhcedue t evittoavothe
nni ffact
o that Prapokklao's Hospital,
Chanthaburi
dna dehsilpProvince,
mocca gnhas itavthe
itlupotential
cno ecnaof trointegrationbetween
pmi decalp traditional Thai medicine
and modern
.tnempmedicine.
oleved lanSince
oitan e2005
ht rofuntil
setaunow,
darg titneis
icifound
forp that postmenopausal women
were treatment with herbal compound medicine. By the year 2013-2015,
postmenopausal symptom is in the fourth range of symptoms that patients come to get
the treatment by Applied Thai traditional medicine and traditional Thai medicine, most
of whom are 52 years old.iFollowing-up
anitiNtikuS.rDof initial treatment showed that 86% or 66.88%
of pwomen
ehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrefrom
are completely cured vinUpostmenopausal
alagnamajaR fosymptoms,
tnediserP got better around 34
cases or 25.57% and there are 9 cases (6.20%) tend to get better. One part of the elderly
woman who is treated with traditional Thai medicine has taken the current drug and not
lost. Some of women who come to get treatment with traditional Thai medicine are used
to applied modern medicine and not success with their illness and some of them come to
get the treatment because of suggestion of women who cured (ChatchaiSawasdichai,
2016). A menopause symptom can cause suffer of elderly women and this research will
benefit postmenopausal women, reduce divorce rate or family problems and also be
more options for treatment of postmenopausal women.
2. Research Objectives
1. To study the problem of treatment for postmenopausal women with

traditional Thai medicine in Prapokklao Hospital, Chantaburi Province.
2. To Study on the integration of treatment for postmenopausal women
between traditional Thai medicine and modern medicine in Prapokklao Hospital,
Chantaburi Province.
3. Methodology
In this study, researchers use qualitative research approach by selecting 50

specific samples and the results were shown and analyzed by descriptive analysis. This
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studyRAJAMANGALA
are collected with UNIVERSITY
in-depth Interview,OF TECHNOLOGY
observation and focus KRUNGTHEP
group discussion
(SongkoonChantachon, 2014).
Messageinclude:
Primary data providers from the President of
1.Rajamangala University
A Thai traditional medical of Instructor
Technology whoKrungthep
has the medical license and
knowledge for menopausal treatment.
2. 5 folk doctors who are RMUTK
experts in aims to beof amenopausal
treatment creative technology
symptoms
or women diseases. university in Asia. The university has accordingly
Group of Applied Thaifocused
Traditionalon doctor:
the development of our personnel and
1. 6 of applied Thai academic curriculums
traditional doctors whoarethat align in
in charge to Thai
international
traditional medicine clinic. standards. We have also promoted the research
development,
2. 6 of Thai traditional the academic
medicine students who icareservices
interns atwith
Thai creative
traditional medicine clinic and studyconcepts, and the preservation
about menopause symptom. of arts and culture.
Data is collected from Group Under thegovernment’s
of postmenopausal womenvision of Thailand
through group
discussion and observation consisting4.0 thatofemphasizes the use of technology,
32 postmenopausal women thatcreativity,
get the
treatment by Applied Thai traditionaland doctor
innovationand areto diagnosed by modern
foster national medicine
development,
doctor or applied Thai traditional.prosperity
Most of postmenopausal women we
and sustainability, are in
arethecurrently
range of
40 – 60 years old. prepared to develop the creative educational and
This study is allowedlearning
by the systems
researchand ethics committee
to equip studentsin with
Chanthaburi
the use
province before collecting the data, the processtechnologies
of innovative of collectingofdata includes We
knowledge. studying
have
documents and related researchplaced about importance
the treatment of postmenopausal
oncultivating accomplished women,
and
integrating knowledge of takingproficient
care patient with applied
graduatesfor Thai traditional
the national devel
development.medicine,
researching area, folk doctor, and information of diagnosis and treatment. This study is
mainly focused on secondary data which sources from documents of hospital such as
medical records paper and consideration on field studies with carefully collected data
and completely at the right time. Dr.SukitNitinai
This paper President
is analyzed for the basic information
of Rajamangala Universityof during conducting
of Technology Krungthep the
research; an analysis of field studies will be conducted by transcribing and reviewing
the recordings or notes from interviews and photos. Summarized and categorized with
triangulation that consists of place, Time and information.
This research is a descriptive research that will describe with descriptive
analysis.
4. Result of research
The result of Integrative treatment of postmenopausal women between

Traditional Thai medicine and modern medicine in Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi
province as follow:
1. Problems of treatment for postmenopausal women with traditional Thai
medicine.
1.1 Physical examination and analysis of disease mechanisms, an
analysis of the postmenopausal women with Thai traditional medicine often related to
living of life natural pattern and unique. Thai traditional medicine believes that causes
of illness are caused by imbalance of the body and involved with the lifestyle and health
of women. Diagnosis is based on taking the pulse and observation of physical
symptoms, not focusing on examining history but focusing on the condition of the body
to be diagnosed such as;general examination of patient’s face- have a temperature,
blemish or freckle ; general examination of patient’s palms and sole, it is often found
that most of patients have a sweat on palms, and also has a cold palms and sole even
1541dnalFebruary
Thailand
stay in P EHTGtemperature;
normal NURK YGOtaking LONHthe CEpulse
T FO –YT ISREVIpatients
normally NU ALAmay GNAhave
MAJdifferent
AR
symptoms and the pulse at “Vadra” and heart position of postmenopausal women will
always stand out it mean that fo inside
tnediseofrPtheir
eht m orf emay
body gassebe
M very hot ; in case of the
tongue has white pthick ehtgnvague,
urK ygitolcanonhcbe fo ytisretovinhigh
eTreferred U alheat,
agnam ajaR
insomnia, irritability,
sweating, anxiety, temperature ; in case of the tongue has indentation or fracture line it
ygolonhthat
implies cet digestive
evitaerc system
a eb odoest sminota Kwork
TUMwell, R leading  to flatulence and indigestion.
ylgnian
Thus droanalysis
cca sah ofytithesrevdisease
inu ehTmechanism
.aisA ni yby tisThai
revinutraditional doctor can be analyzed
dna lphysical
with ennosrep examination
ruo fo tnempinoleorder ved ehto t nidentify
o desucothe f problem of postmenopausal
lanoitanretnAnd
symptoms. i ot many
ngila problems
taht smuof lucipostmenopausal
rruc cimedaca women may not use physical
hcraeser ehto
examination t identify
detomorthe p osymptom
sla evah clearly.
eW .sThe dradnimportant
a ts factors are often caused by
evitaercand
internal htiwexternal s cimethat
secivrefactors dacainduce
eht ,tnfire
empelement
oleved then effect on postmenopausal
.erutlucthese
symptoms, dna seffects
tra fo nwill
oitamove
vreserpforward
eht dnato,swind
tpecnoelement
c in body as well. Moreover,
dnaliahT
external fo nsuch
factor oisiv ass’tstress
nemnrmay evogestrike
ht redand
nU disabled the fire named “Parithaihakkhi”
,ytivmake
then itaerc patient
,ygolonhflushes
cet fo eand
su ehanxiety.
t sezisahHowever,
pme taht 0these.4 symptoms may caused from
other
,tnemdiseases
polevedthat lanhave
oitan the retsame
sof osymptoms,
t noitavonitnidoes dnanot only refer to postmenopausal
symptom.
dna lanoitacu1.2 de Not
evitausing
erc ehscience
t polevto ed confirm
ot derathe perpresult of treatment by traditional
Thai
esu medicine.
eht htiw stnFormerly,
eduts piuqthere
e ot dwere
na smno etstests
ys gnto inrconfirm
ael the results in the scientific
laboratory.
evah eW .Traditional
egdelwonk fThai o seigmedicine
olonhcet isevimainly
tavonni focused
fo on body examination and
confirms
dna dehthesilpresult
moccawith gnittaking
avitlucntheo epulse
cnatroonly;
pmi theydecalbelieve
p that this procedure can tell
the postmenopausal
.tnempolevedsymptomlanoitan ebutht rthe
ofseproblem
taudarg tis nethe
icifoerror
rp of physical examination and
taking the pulse, these procedures may lead to an error diagnosis when patient has
involved with the same symptom then may error on giving a prescription to patient. In
addition, it may not be an acceptance from modern medicine because of lower
plausibility. ianitiNtikuS.rD
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytwith
1.3 Treatment isreviherbal
nU alagmedicine
namajaR fcombined
o tnediserPwith the suggestion of
avoiding the “Slang Food”. Previously, Traditional Thai doctor treats their patient with
herbal bolus called “Prakhanchai” this bolus has properties that can activate the function
of blood, detoxify blood, stimulating blood circulation and nervous system based on the
balance of the wind and fire in order to increase efficiency of both elements. This
formulation contains ingredients that have properties which maintain blood, detoxify
blood and stimulating blood circulation. However, postmenopausal women must realize
and attentively stop having “Slang Food”- such as an aquatic morning glory, pumpkin,
water melons, cucumbers, bread and Thai rice noodle. The problem is one of formula
herbal cannot cover all factors that caused the postmenopausal symptoms due to the
various factors. Hence, using one formula herbal may not cover the result of treatment
besides the bolus is difficult to swallow and not cover in all patient right of treatment.
Furthermore, if postmenopausal women always have Slang food, they will have
symptoms repeatedly.
1.4 No other services. These services refer to nursing care, therapy and
health promotion by traditional Thai medicine which provides for patient and
combination with herbal drugs. These services includes treatment massage, hot herbal
compression, hot herbal steam, herbal mask and herbal fumigation. The services of
traditional Thai medicine will service on Monday to Friday from 08:00 to 16:00 but not
including all the services that are mentioned above because traditional Thai doctor
mainly providephysical examination and herbal drug. So postmenopausal women who
have more complicated symptoms cannot get the services due to the weekend and both
of physical examination and herbal drug may not cover the all complicated symptom.
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1.5 Follow-up the results OF of TECHNOLOGY
treatment by traditional KRUNGTHEP
Thai medicine.
Formerly, an appointment is used for follow up the postmenopausal women once a
Message
month by taking history, physical from the President
examination, and takingofthe pulse in order to confirm
Rajamangala
the result of treatment University
but it doesn’t have of Technology
blood Krungthep
test in laboratory to confirm the result
of treatment. The efficiency of herbal medicine is satisfactory especially during 3 – 4
months. The problem of treatment  is theRMUTKresult takesaimslong to time
be a socreative
that sometechnology
patients
cannot wait until this stage then theyuniversity
will seekin for
Asia. Thetreatments.
other universitySome
has accordingly
patients get
focused on
better in the first month, misunderstand thatthethey
development
are completelyof ourcured
personnel and
then stop
continuing treatment. academic curriculums that align to international
2. Integrated treatment standards. We have also
of postmenopausal womenpromoted the research
with Applied Thai
traditional medicine and modern medicine. ic services with creative
2.1 Taking history andconcepts,
physicalandexamination.
the preservation Old of
agearts
is and culture.
the main factor
that caused the illness of postmenopausalUnder women. thegovernment’s
Addition, women’s visionuterus
of Thailand
in this
span of age is slowly degenerated 4.0 and that emphasizes
induces the use ofoftechnology,
the unbalancing creativity,
body elements. There
is uncertainty of wind and fire elements that is causesto various
and innovation foster disorders
national therefore using
development,
herbal formula with hot taste to improve bloodand
prosperity circulation and adjust
sustainability, webalancing of four
are currently
elements in their body. Group of prepared
postmenopausal symptom
to develop the are divided
creative as follows;and
educational 1)
Insomnia, sweat on palms and soles, intensely
learning hot atand
systems night, and moody;
to equip students2) shake,
with thedizzy,
use
thirsty, headache, stress, depress of and forgetful;
innovative 3) Dysmenorrhea,
technologies of knowledge.menstruation,
We have
irregular and menstrual abnormality; 4) having
placed pains and
importance aches over accomplished
oncultivating body and bone;and 5)
vaginal dry, itchy and hurt during have sex.
proficient Integrative
graduatesfor the treatments by Applied Thai
devel
traditional medicine have to take history completely then process data in order to
diagnosis correctly and to identify systematic symptoms such as autonomic nervous
system, mental system, urinary system, genital system or other system. Pathology and
causes is the key to analyze the causes of unbalance and illness in the body.
2.2 Laboratory investigation is used to
President of Rajamangala Universityof confirm of the result of treatment
Technology Krungthepin
modern medicine, it included hormone test and adjust hormone pill for patient, this
treatment might not work and patient is afraid of complicated symptom. Therefore,
Applied Thai traditional is a key for this treatment, Traditional Thai doctor have to
identify the disease from nervous system disease, aging disease or chronic disease so
that they must carefully taking history and focusing on body examination in order to
find out what is the cause of the disease, then it will help to diagnosis and give a
prescription correctly, andanother option is finding estrogen hormone. Applied Thai
traditional doctor always consider with the age of their patient and integral symptom in
order to prove that postmenopausal women has no sign of cancer or pregnancy. In some
complicated case, it must ask for consultant with psychiatrist.
2.3 Treatment with herbal medicine combined with avoiding the Slang
food. Applied Thai traditional medicine uses the principle of traditional Thai medicine
to cure with the herbal medicine in bolus form, the result of treatment found that it
cannot control various factors of postmenopausal symptom.Therefore, Applied Thai
traditional doctor suggest their patient to do meditation in some situation such as
women who has depression or insomnia. Moreover, they may give the herbal decoction
(fluid extract) to patient who is not convenient to take bolus form or who is evaluated
by Applied Thai traditional doctor that suit for herbal decoction which consider based
on their knowledge and experience.Currently, Thai traditional medicine has integrated
with the local community to supply herbal ingredients, it establish community
enterprise which aim to produce herbal raw materials. This integration is not only just
making money for farmers but also reduce the cost of drug production in hospital.Main
1561dnalFebruary
Thailand
group ofPE HTGdrug

herbal NURare K Ydivided
GOLOinto NHC ET Fgroups
three O YTIconsist
SREVIof NU ALAGofNA
a group MAJthat
herbal AR can
adjust balancing in body, a group of fragrant wood and a group of flower. Follow by a
group of nourish herbal and group fo tneofdiherbal
serP ethatht mstimulated
orf egasseblood
M circulation.
pehtgnservices.
2.4 Others urK ygolIn onh ceT fo ytiThai
traditional srevimedicine
nU alagnusually
amajaRcall the various
symptom based on textbook such as “disease of old age” or “Pajchimvai-Pikarn” in
ygoloIn
Thai. nhceterm
t evitof aercPajchimvai
a eb o t s m ia Kto
refer TUspan
MR of age that usually be caused of
ylgnidrocca sahsymptom
postmenopausal ytisrevinsuchu ehTas .ainsomnia,
isA ni ytiirritability,
srevinu sweating, anxiety, numbness,
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o l
have more blemish or freckle. There are servicese ve d e h t n o d esthat
ucofused to promote health of patient
lanoitanretreatment
including tni ot ngmassage,
ila taht hot smuherbal
lucirruccompression,
cimedaca hot herbal steam, herbal mask
hcraesknee
around er ehand t dankle
etomoand rp herbal,
osla evfumigation
ah eW .sdwith radnthe
ats cold combine slightly hot taste in
evitato
order ercrelieve
htiw the ivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
secsymptoms.
.erutluc dn2.5 a strFollowing-up
a fo noitavreseof rp etreatment.
ht dna ,stpeThe cnocpostmenopausal women have a
dnaliahTseverity
different fo noisofivsymptom,
s’tnemnrehence vogehfollow-up
t rednU of treatment of patient must understand
,ytprocess
the ivitaerc of ,ygtreatment
olonhcet fand o esstage
u eht of sezdisease
isahpmthen e tahtraditional
t 0.4 Thai doctor should suggest
patient
,tnempoabout
leved self-discipline
lanoitan retsofor f oeating
t noitaproper
vonni dfoodna and avoiding “Slang Food”.
Evaluating
yltnerruc the era result
ew by ,ytitaking
libaniathistory
sus dnand a yphysical
tirepsorpexamination by taking the pulse
then
dna confirm
lanoitacuthe de result
evitaewith
rc ehblood
t polevtest ed in ot laboratory
deraperp or refer patient to gynecology
department
esu eht htiin w order
stnedto utsmake
piuqepatient
ot dnatrustable.
smetsys gninrael
5.dDiscussion
na dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
The discussion of the research of integrated treatment of postmenopausal
women with Applied Thai traditional medicine and modern medicine in Prapokklao
Hospital, Chanthaburi province consist of 2 parts as follow:
Problems of treatment ianitiNtiforkuS.postmenopausal
rD women with traditional Thai
medicine.
According to the results of the study can be concluded that Traditional Thai
doctor does not use scientific examination. Only herbal remedies and the suggestion of
avoiding the “Slang Food” are used for treatment, no other service provided, no follow-
up the results of treatment with scientific blood tests. However, the symptoms of
postmenopausal women are variability of unbalancing in their body especially the
symptoms of decreased sexual interest, vaginal dry, less of water lubrication that cause
by decreasing of sex hormones combine with the stress and the degeneration of the
reproductive system. And other malfunction can affect sexual interest so that the
postmenopausal women may get hurt when having sexual intercourse with their
husband, not complete their ORGASM and this problem can leads the suffering to
physical and psychological for this group of postmenopausal women. Comply with
Edwards, D. & N. Panay (2016) that study on dry cervical disease and treatment
guidelines, the importance of promoting and caring for women with this condition, use a
moisturizing lubricant can causes irritation and pain while having sex. Therefore,
women should be advised to choose a moisturizer that has the right pH and be natural
with cervix consistent with ThitipornJatuponpipat and others (2017). There is a standard
practice or practice guide to managing the common symptoms and problems, should be
reviewed with evidence-based practices together with all stakeholders in order to adjust
the suitably criteria for each hospital. It should be controlled the implementation of the
guidelines seriously and reviewed the guidelines regularly in order to improve quality of
nursing care, physical resources and home care services by promote and provide
medical device and opioids drug with appropriate and sufficiently based on Structural-
February
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Conference
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& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
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157
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
Functional Theory of A.R.UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Radcliffe-Brown.ReligionA.R. KRUNGTHEPhas the
Radcliffe-Brown
opinion of social structure which has sub social structure system that stable consist of 1)
family and relatives system Message from the
2) education President
system of
3) economic system 4) Regime 5)
health system 6)Rajamangala University of
religion. Postmenopausal Technology
symptoms Krungthep
has effect on family and relatives
system then induce divorce and lead to big problems of society and may affect on other
 systemRMUTK
structures. Finally make the social weakens. aims to be a creative technology
university in Asia.
Integrative treatment of postmenopausal women Thewith
university
Appliedhas Thaiaccordingly
traditional
medicine and modern medicine. focused on the development of our personnel and
According to the result academic
of the researchcurriculums that align that
can summarize to international
the physical
examination and the mechanism standards.
of disease,We have also various
menopausehas promotedpostmenopausal
the research
symptom, it need to separate thisdevelopment,
symptom from thenervous
system withor creative
disease chronic
concepts,
disease.The result of treatment is not and the
yet satisfies preservation
from of arts and
postmenopausal culture.
women. On the
other hand taking history completely will Underhelp thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
Applied Thai traditional medicine
diagnosis the disease correctly then4.0 that emphasizes
reduce the errortheofuse of technology,
giving a wrong creativity,
medicine.
Besides the information from laboratory such as blood
and innovation to test,
fosterestrogen hormone
national test will
development,
help Applied Thaitraditional medicine to diagnosis
prosperity the disease more
and sustainability, wecorrectly consist
are currently
with Peng, W., et al. (2016). Mostprepared
of the postmenopausal
to develop thewomen creativeareeducational
always selected
and
medicinal alternatives which consult withsystems
learning the medical
and tospecialist until they
equip students with trust in
the use
treatment before making their decision consist technologies
of innovative with Martin, of V. knowledge.
T., et al. (2016).
We have He
study about changing of menopausal women
placed by choosing
importance women whoaccomplished
oncultivating has migraine,and his
research found that headache may caused graduatesfor
proficient by hormone the abnormalities.Itis
devel a stimulating
that make symptoms more severe.
In term of integrated treatment of postmenopausal women by Applied Thai
traditional medicine should not focus only the treatment but shouldconsidering on
promote health such as eating herbal especially people who getting into the old age
consist with the Cultural Ecological Theory of Julian
President of Rajamangala Universityof Steward. This theory
of Technology said that
Krungthep
people in the society are able to learn about health care from local resources. However,
it should not wait until has postmenopausal symptom, it should has prevention before
getting into 45 years old in order to reduce the risk of disease and also taking care the
basic health. Moreover, should learn to take care their health such as eat properly,
exercise, exchange knowledge about health care especially using herbal treatment
consist with Structural-Functional Theory of A.R. Radcliffe-Brown (Songkoon
Chantachon, 2014), this theory is highlight in social security in order to sustain the
structure of health as an important structure.
6. Suggestion
Using only one of herbs compound medicine may not cover all factors that
cause the postmenopausal symptom. Therefore, other drug formulas should be studied
in order to develop drug formulations and analyze drug extracts continuously.
Other services are a positive treatment for postmenopausal women. Therefore,
it should be trained to improve skills for the medical assistant in order to service with
specific clinic or special clinic for postmenopausal women.
1581dnalFebruary
Thailand

7. References
[1] Chantachon, S.fo t(2014). nediserP eht morf eResearch

Qualitative gasseM in Culture (Practical).
pehtgnurK yg: oFaculty
Mahasarakhamm lonhceof o ytisreMahasarakham
T fCulture vinU alagnamaUniversity.
jaR
[2] Department of Health Service Support Ministry of Public Health.
ygolonhcet e(2010).Integrated
vitaerc a eb ot sHealth mia KCareTUMforR the Elderly
 (Revised edition). (2nded.).
ylgnidrocca sNonthaburi
ah ytisrevin: uSirichai
ehT .aPrinting.
isA ni ytisrevinu
dna len[3]nosrepDepartment
ruo fo tneof mpHealth.
oleved (2016).
eht no Strategic
desucof Plan for Environmental Health
lanoitanretni Promotion
ot ngila taand ht sm ulucirruc cimeAccording
Development. daca to the National Health
hcraeser eht Development
detomorp osPlan la evNational
ah eW Economic
.sdradnats and Social Development Board
evitaerc htiwNo. sec12 es cimedaca Nonthaburi
ivr(2017-2021). eht ,tnemp:oMinistry
leved of Public Health .
.erut[4]
luc dnEdwards,
a stra fo noD. itavre(2016).Treating
serp eht dna ,stpecvulvovaginal
noc atrophy/genitourinary
dnaliahT fo nsyndrome
oisiv s’tneof mnMenopause
revogeht red:nUhow important is vaginal lubricant and
,ytivitaerc ,ygmoisturizer
olonhcet fo composition.
esu eht sezisaClimacteric,
hpme taht 0.19(2),
4 P 151-161.
,tnempo[5]levedJatupornpipat,
lanoitan retsT., of etoal.
t n(2017).
oitavonAni Model
dna of Palliative Care Management
yltnerruc eraforewPatients,ytilibawith
niatsuAdvanced
s dna ytirCancersatWangchao
epsorp Hospital in Tak
dna lanoitacuProvince.
de evitaerThe c ehGolden
t poleveTeakd ot :deHumanity
raperp and Social Science Journal
esu eht htiw (GTHJ.),
stneduts p23(1),
iuqe o154-179.
t dna smetsys gninrael
evah eW [6].egdMartin,
elwonkV.foT.,seet igoal.lo(2016).
nhcet evPerimenopause
itavonni fo and Menopause Are
dna dehsilpmAssociated
occa gnitaWithvitlucHigh
no ecFrequency
natropmi dHeadache
ecalp in Women With Migraine:
.tnempoResults
leved laof nothe
itanAmerican
eht rofsetMigraine
audarg tnePrevalence
iciforp and Prevention Study.
Headache, 56(2), P 292-305.
[7] Peng, W., et al. (2016). Longitudinal analysis of associations between
women'sconsultations with complementary and alternative medicine
practitioners/use
ianitiNtof ikuSself-prescribed
.rD complementary and alternative
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnedise2007-2010.
medicine and menopause-related symptoms, rP Menopause,
23(1), P 74-80.
[8] Sawasdiichai, C. (2016). Title Thai Traditional Medicine and Alternative
Medicine Prapokklao Hospital Chantaburi province Documents for the
Meeting Activities for Thai Traditional Medicine In the outpatient
department (OPD in parallel), Sabai Hotel NakhonRatchasima.
[9] Siriyapiwat P. (2008). Reproductive Medicine. Bangkok : Concept Paper.
[10] Samitivej Hospital. (2015). Women's Health Center, Samitivej Hospitals:
Thonburi
[11] Yang, C. F., et al. (2016). Sex life and role identity in Taiwanese women
during menopause : a qualitative study.J AdvNurs, 72(4), P 770-781.
RAJAMANGALA
The UNIVERSITY
Guideline to Enhance OF TECHNOLOGY
the Efficiency of EnglishKRUNGTHEP
Communication
(Listening and Speaking Skills) of Guest House Officers in Muang
Message from
Phranakorn Sri the PresidentProvince
Ayutthaya of
 WunwisaRMUTKPunkhoom
aims to be a creative technology
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi,
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand.
wi_wonderful@hotmail.com
Nattee Phechburi
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University ic services
of Technology with creative
Suvarnabhumi,
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand. of arts and culture.
4.0 that emphasizes
Phimporn Phimsuwan the use of technology, creativity,
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of foster
and innovation to national
Technology development,
Suvarnabhumi,
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand. we are currently
learningRatanapongtra
Thanarat systems and to equip students with the use
of innovative
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala technologies
University of knowledge.
of Technology We have
Suvarnabhumi,
Phranakhon placed importance
Si Ayutthaya oncultivating
13000, Thailand. accomplished and
devel
Abstract
The study aims to 1) study the efficiency towards listening and speaking skills of
guest house staff in Ayutthaya city and 2) propose the guideline to enhance listening and
speaking skills of guest President
house staffof Rajamangala Universityof
in Ayutthaya city. of Technology
The samplers of the Krungthep
study were 15
guest house staff collected the data by utilizing listening test, speaking test, and
questionnaire. The data then were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, and standard
deviation including content analysis. The results disclosed that in term of study the efficiency
towards listening and speaking skills of guest house staff in Ayutthaya city there were 6 staff
who passed the listening test and the highest score was 93 followed by 86.66, 66, 60 and 53
percent respectively. In addition, the result in terms of speaking test revealed that there were
13 staff who can passed the test and the highest score was 100, 88, and 80 percent
respectively. There were 2 persons failing the test with the score lower that 50 percent.
Referring to the guideline to enhance listening and speaking skills of guest house staff in
Ayutthaya city, it was found that there should have a training course to enhance listening and
speaking skills of the staff, 20 hours training course whereas the instructor for the training
should be Thai. Concerning the importance of the English topics towards the work of the
stuff, the result showed that daily conversation was at the highest level (4.86) which means
strongly importance followed by asking for fee, giving the information of guest house and
dealing with asking for help or service which was at highest level (4.67) while giving
direction was also at highest level (4.60).
Keywords: listening and speaking skills, guest house
1. Introduction
To strengthen the foundation of Thailand development to achieve wealth, stability,
and permanence is needed by people in the country. However only words cannot speak
louder as an action, and one of the expectations to trigger the stability of Thailand economics
is tourism. When considering Thailand Development Plans, it reveals that Thai tourism is a
1601dnalFebruary
2
crucial keyPto EH TGNUR

enhance and K develop
YGOLOthe NHability
CET F inOterms
YTISofReconomic
EVINU Acompetition.
LAGNAMAAs JAcited
R in
the Office of National Economic and Social Development Plan (2015:10-13), it discloses that
there are five strengths of Thai ftourism: o tnedisethe rP variety
eht moroff etourist gasseM attractions, the advantage of
travel costs, the readiness pehtgofnupublic rK ygutility, eT fo ytisrevinand
olonhctransportation, U asupport
lagnamfromajaR government and
private organization. Referring to these strengths, they promote tourism in Thailand
ygolonhceeven
continuously t evitduring
aerc a unstableeb ot smeconomicia KTUMsituations,
R political instability, and natural
y lg n i dr o cc a sa h y t i s re v i n u e hT .a i sA n i y t i sr e v
disasters; however Thailand tourism still makes income and stimulate the economics of i n u
dna leIn
Thailand. nncontrast,
osrep ruothefoweaknesses
tnempolevof edThailand
eht no dtourism esucof are also pointed out in terms of its
lanoitaas
capability nrementioned
tni ot ngiin la thetahOffice
t smulof uciNational
rruc cimEconomic edaca and Social Development Plan
hcraeser eThose
(2015:10-13). ht detweaknesses
omorp oslaareevsafety, ah eWtourists .sdradattractions
nats located only in main cities,
evitability
staff’s aerc htand ecivres cimand
iw sknowledge, edacthe
a einsufficiency
ht ,tnempolevofedEnglish skills and third language.
According.eruto tlucthese
dna problems,
stra fo noitEnglish avreserpskills
eht darena ,sconsidered
tpecnoc being a crucial point because it
dnaliathe
contrasts hT main
fo nochanging
isiv s’tnestream mnrevoofgeASEANht rednUcompetencies standard. Sirirat and Phuwarat
,ytivclaimed
(2012) itaerc ,ythatgolothis
nhcestandard
t fo esu has eht sset
eziEnglish
sahpme Language
taht 0.4 Competency in order to develop
,tnempocompetency
the English leved lanoiof tanhotelretsand
of tourism
ot noitastaff vonnthat i dthe na training and learning should focus
yltnerrucsituations
on authentic era ewand,ytcircumstances
ilibaniatsus dand na the ytitraining
repsorp should be regarding using English
as adnsecond
a lanoitlanguage
acude eviso taerdeveloping
c eht polevhotel ed otstaff derapshoulderp emphasize the importance of
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys gninraealready
developing staff’s English skills. Although Thailand has l been in ASEAN community,
the problem of lacking English skills is still exist. Suwanna (2011) mentioned the information
of List of countries by English- speaking population that there is 27.16 percent of all
population.tnwho empcanolevcommunicate
ed lanoitan eEnglish. ht rofsetaThis udarnumber
g tneicifisorsmaller
p than that of other countries
in ASEAN. From this information, it insists that the weakness of staff’s English skills is the
biggest problem due to Thailand tourism. Regarding the problem of tourist attractions only
located in main city, Thai government and private organization now try to spread out income
from tourism widely such as ianThai
itiNttraditional
ikuS.rD style tourism which is a key policy of the
government
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alaorgnstability
to propel and construct balance amajaR concerning
fo tnediserPsustainable development
and yield benefits to every stakeholder. In addition to study in-depth information, tourism
industry relating accommodation is lack of knowledge which is as a guideline to develop its
capability as cited in Thanakrit and prommas (2012:3) that most studies paid attention on big
hotels or accommodations while small hotels or accommodations are neglected which trigger
to problems to develop their capabilities. As mentioned earlier, small accommodations i.e.
homestays, guesthouses however are in a though condition to develop themselves based on
management standard. From these research results, it is very necessary to study guidelines so
as to enhance English communication efficiency of guesthouse staff in Ayutthaya province in
order to accommodate tourists, promote Thai traditional style tourism, and make income to
community thoroughly.
1. To study the efficiency towards listening and speaking skills of guest house staff
in Ayutthaya city
2. To propose the guideline to enhance listening and speaking skills of guest house
staff in Ayutthaya city

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RAJAMANGALA
3. Research UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
Methodology
Message from
The research methodology of the the President
study is ofas follows: 1) Population,
2) Research instrument, 3) DataUniversity
Rajamangala collection, of andTechnology Krungthep
4) Data analysis.
1. Population
RMUTK
1.1 The population of the study aims to bestaff
was guesthouse a creative
in Ayutthayatechnology
city.
1.2 The samples of university
the study were in Asia. The university
15 guesthouse staff inhas accordingly
Ayutthaya city
focused on the development
which were Ban Eve, Boon Choo House, Ban Tai Wung, Tony House, Good Morning, of our personnel and
Sipp House, Moradok Thai, IyaraacademicHouse, Bai curriculums that align
Fern Guesthouse, House to Brick,
international
Sweet
Tamarind, ToTo House, Good standards. Morning by We Tamarind,
have also Tarin, promoted and theThongresearch
Chai
Guesthouse. development, the academic ic services with creative
2. Research Instrumentconcepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
The study employed mixed method Under thegovernment’s
research which were vision
bothofqualitative
Thailand
and quantitative research methods. 4.0The
thatinstruments
emphasizes of thethe
usestudy
were questionnaire,
English listening test and Englishand Speaking English
innovation to test. These
foster researchdevelopment,
national instruments
were utilized to find out two research questions.and sustainability, we are currently
prosperity
2.1 English listening test to
prepared wasdevelop
appliedthetocreative
find out the listening
educational and
competency of guesthouse staff. The test systems
learning consistedand of to
15equip
itemsstudents
which were with adopted
the use
from Test of English for International Communication
of innovative technologies(TOEIC). Five conversations
were adopted to examine the ability placedofimportance
the guesthouse staff in accomplished
oncultivating terms of listeningand
competency. For each conversation,proficient there were three
graduatesfor questions
the national develfollowing each
development.
conversation. The instrument was checked concerning the validity, face validity, content
validity, construct validity by three English specialists though index of Item-Objective
Congruent: IOC).
2.2 English speaking test contained five topics; self-introduction, the
information of guesthouse, places to eat, tourist attractions,
President of Rajamangala Universityof ofand giving directions.
Technology Krungthep The
obtained data were analyzed by percentage. The speaking evaluation form was adopted
from David P. Harris as cited in Nuria (2011 : 11).
2.3 The questionnaire was utilized to study guidelines to enhance the
efficiency of English communication (Listening and Speaking Skills) of guesthouse
staff. The questionnaire was divided into 4 parts; personal information, the
appropriateness of English training course, the English topics for work, and other
comments.
3. Data collection
The data were compiled by using secondary data concerning tourism,
accommodation, English for communication, teaching English. The data were collected
though questionnaire, English listening test, English speaking test.
4. Data Analysis
The obtained data from English listening test and English Speaking test
were analyzed by percentage. The obtained data from the questionnaire were analyzed
by frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation as well as content analysis.
4. Results
This study aims to 1) study the efficiency towards listening and speaking
skills of guest house staff in Ayutthaya city and 2) propose the guideline to enhance
listening and speaking skills of guest house staff in Ayutthaya city.
1621dnalFebruary
Thailand
PFor
EH T GN
the URresearch
first K YGOLobjective;
ONHCETtoFstudy
O YTthe
ISRefficiency
EVINU AL AGNAlistening
towards MAJAR and
speaking skills of guesthouse staff in Ayutthaya city, the data were collected through
two parts which were 1) the fefficiency
o tnedisertowards
P eht molistening
rf egasseskill,
M and 2) speaking skills
of guesthouse staffpeinhtAyutthaya lonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
gnurK ygocity.
ygolo1nhthe
Table cetefficiency
evitaerc atowards eb ot listening
smia KTskill UMRof guesthouse  staff
evah eW 15 .items
egdelwofonconversation
k fo seigolopart nhcefrom
t evitTOEIC
avonni fwere o adopted to find the efficiency
d na d e h s i l p m o c ca g n i ta v i t l uc n o
towards listening skills from fifth teen guesthouse staff. e c n a tr o p m i de ca l p From the table 1, it reveals that
. t ne m p o le ve d la n o i ta n e h t r of se
there are six people who can pass fifty percent of the listening ta u d a rg t ne ic if o rp test. The highest percent
were 93%, 86.66 %, 66%, 60% and 53% respectively. The lowest percent was 26.77%.
Table 2: The efficiency towards speaking skill of guesthouse staff

To find out the efficiency towards speaking skill of guesthouse staff, five
topics were utilized to investigate their speaking efficiency: self-introduction, the
information of guesthouse, special dish, tourist attraction, and giving direction. From
the table 2, it discloses that there are thirteen people (86%) who can pass 50% of the
test. The highest scores were 100%, 88%, and 80% respectively. There are two people
who failed the test.
Referring to the second research objective, to propose the guideline to enhance
listening and speaking skills of guest house staff in Ayutthaya city. The questionnaire
which was divided into three parts; personal information, the appropriateness of the
February
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Rajamangala on Arts
University
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Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
training UNIVERSITY
course, and the important OFtopics
English TECHNOLOGY
for work wasKRUNGTHEP
applied to gather the
data.
Regarding personal Message from the
information, 8 ofPresident of
them (53.3%) were female, while 7
people (46.7%) were male. 26.7University
% of the people were 46 toKrungthep
50 years old whereas 13.3%
of them were 51 to 55 years old. 6.7% of them were 41 to 45 and 31 – 35 years old
respectively. There were 6 people  (46.7%) RMUTK aims to bebachelor
who graduated a creative technology
degree while 4
people (26.7%) got higher vocational university
degree,in and
Asia.6.7%
The ofuniversity has accordingly
them finished secondary
focusedand
school, vocational degree, master degree, ondoctoral
degree respectively.
academicof curriculums
Concerning the appropriateness the training that align9 to
course, of international
them (60%)
standards.
proposed 20 hours per English training course, We have 5also
whereas promoted
people (33.3%)the research
preferred 15
development,
hours per course and 1 person proposed 30 hoursthe academic ic services
respectively. with creative
The number of the
concepts,
people who preferred to join the training andper
2 days theweek
preservation of arts(46.7%),
was 7 people and culture.
while 6
people (40%) agreed to attend the training 1Underday perthegovernment’s
week, and 2 people vision of Thailand
(13.3%) said 3
days per week. All of them (100%) 4.0 that emphasizes
agreed the use
to arrange the of technology,
course creativity,
at Rajamanggala
University of Technology Suvarnabhumi at Wasugritocampus.
and innovation foster 8 national
people (53.3%) uttered
development,
that the instructor of the training prosperity
should be an andEnglish speaker; onwethe are
sustainability, othercurrently
hand, 7
people (46.7%) stated that the instructor should
prepared to be Thai. the creative educational and
develop
Table 3 : The important English topics for guesthouse
of innovative work of knowledge. We have
technologies
proficient
English Topics for guesthouse workgraduatesfor the national
Mean devel Deviation
development.
Standard
Daily conversation 4.87 .516
Phone Bookings 4.00 1.134
Check in 4.00
Dr.SukitNitinai 1.069
Asking for service feePresident of Rajamangala Universityof
4.67 of Technology .617Krungthep
Informing guesthouse rules 4.40 .828
Giving directions 4.60 .737
Giving the information of guesthouse 4.67 .617
Informing other facilities 4.33 .816
Restaurant 4.13 .915
Dealing with guest’s requests 4.67 .617
transportations 4.20 .862
Giving the information of tourist attraction 4.53 .640
Giving information of Thai custom and culture 3.53 .990
Practicing listening to various English accent 4.53 .640
Practicing pronouncing English native-like 3.33 1.113
accent
According to table 3;the important English topics for work, the English topics
for guesthouse work were at the most important level were English for daily life (4.87),
asking for service fee (4.67), dealing with requests from the guests (4.60) and giving the
information of tourist attraction (4.53) practicing listening to various English accents
(4.53) respectively. In addition, the English topics for guesthouse work which were at
important level were informing check-in rules (4.40), giving other services (4.20),
1641dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTG(4.20),
transportations NURKservices
YGOLOinNH CET FO(4.13),
restaurant YTISRand EVImaking
NU ALAreservation
GNAMAJthrough
AR
telephone and already booked checking in (4.00) as well as giving cultural information
(3.53) respectively. What’s more, fo tnethe
disEnglish
erP eht topics
morf ethat
gasswere
eM at fairly important level
pehtgnuaccent
were practicing native-like lonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
rK ygo(3.33).
Regarding other comments, the data were analyzed into 3 topics as follows.
ygolonhcet1. eThe vitaetopic
rc a on eb practicing
ot smia Klistening
TUMR to various  English accents should be
ylgnidroccasince
emphasized sah the
ytisrguests
evinu staying
ehT .aisatA the
ni yguesthouses
tisrevinu come from different countries
dna various
with lennosrEnglish
ep ruo accents
fo tnemso podrilling
leved ehlistening
t no destoucvarious
of accents is a must to enhance
lanoitanskills
listening retni of ot the
ngguesthouse
ila taht sm ulucirruc cimedaca
officers.
hcraeser e2.ht The detotraining
morp osshould
la evahbeeW .sdradnaas
conducted ts a small group and focuses on
evitaerc hthe
providing tiwlearners imedaca eht ,English
secivresto ccommunicate tnempolin evevarious
d topics such as welcoming
guests.erand
utlucdealing
dna strwith
a fo nguest’s
oitavresproblems
erp eht dntogether
a ,stpecnwith
oc using formal language form in
dnalito
order ahenhance
T fo noithe siv services
s’tnemnof revguesthouse
ogeht rednin U Ayutthaya province.
,ytivitaerc 3.,ygVocabulary
olonhcet fo or esuterm
eht sof
eziguesthouse
sahpme tahtwork0.4 should be instructed as well as
English
,tnempstructure
oleved lso anoasitato
n utilize
retsofin oreal
t nsituations.
oitavonni dna
5.dnConclusion
a lanoitacudand e eDiscussion
vitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp
evah eW Concerning
.egdelwonto k fstudy
o seigthe
olonefficiency
hcet evitavtowards
onni fo listening and speaking skills of
guesthouse
dna dehsilpofficers,
mocca gitnitreveals
avitlucnothatecnthese
atropm skills
i decshould
alp be developed continuously
especially
.tnemlistening
poleved skill
lanoitsince
an eht the
rofslearners
etaudarg need
tneicifopportunities
orp to listen to various
English accents because the guests staying at the guesthouse are from different
countries and various accents. Then to enhance the efficiency of listening and speaking
skills of guesthouse officers, practicing listening to various English accents is
necessarily must. What’simore, anitiNproviding
tikuS.rD the learners to communication English with
English
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinregarding
speakers in many situations U alagnam guesthouse
ajaR fo tnwork
ediseris
P also very crucial so as
to make the learners accustomed to suitable language of communication and foreign
cultures. Form this results, it supported theconcept of Bern (1984) that using language
for communication requires the interaction between individuals together with
considering the context of language and different situations. Regarding speaking skill,
language functions need to be highly paid attention since the guesthouses officers
normally can communicate English as a chunk. In order to enhance speaking skill
efficiently, teaching vocabulary relating guesthouse work and teaching language
functions is required crucially because developing Thai tourism is developing tourism
officers which is their efficiency and ability. As mentioned in the Office of National
Economic and Social Development Plan (2015 : 13), it stated that the deficiency of
English language and third language is a vital weakness to develop the Thai tourism.
However, the study “the guideline to enhance efficiency of English
communication (listening and speaking skills) of guesthouse officers in Ayutthaya city,
Ayutthaya province which focuses on developing guesthouse officers can be discussed
as follows.
1) According to the research result, most of the officers were adult, then
informal education is essential to be understood for example, adjusting oneself from
being an instructor to a facilitator, and each factor influences the difference of formal
and informal education obviously. As mentioned by Lieb (1991), the restriction of adult
learning is time which is limited because leaners have to be responsible for other duties
i.e. full-time job, transportation from home to university, and education fee which is
higher than formal education.
February
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2) Regarding the OFquestionnaire;
results from the TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
important English topics for
guesthouse work, it stated that the vital meaning of learning is learners can utilize their
knowledge from classroomMessage
into real from the President
situations such as dailyof life conversation which is
Rajamangala
the most important University
English topics of Technology
of learning, asking Krungthep
for service fee, giving the
information of accommodation, dealing with the guest’s requests, giving directions,
giving the information of tourist RMUTK
 attractions, aims tocheck-in
informing be a creative technology
rules, giving other
services as well as giving culturaluniversity
information.in Asia.
TheseThe university
topics has for
are English accordingly
Specific
Purposes. Apart from the mentioned focused onpracticing
topics, the development
learners of our personnel
to speak English withand
academic
native-like accent is not the interest curriculums
of the guesthouse that The
learners. alignresult
to international
contrasts the
trend of formal education which standards.
focuses on We have learners
teaching also promoted
to speak the research
English like
development,
native speakers. However, the research resulttheimplied
the withofcreative
essentiality World
Englishes. concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
3) Referring creating vocabulary Under
units thegovernment’s
relating guesthouse vision
workofwhich
Thailand
is a
pin point of teaching and learning 4.0management,
that emphasizesthis the use of also
research technology,
pointed creativity,
out other
factors which are crucial to beand considered
innovation for toarranging
foster teaching
national and learning.
development,
Undoubtedly, the research result showed that and
prosperity the learners preferredwe
sustainability, Thaiare
teachers than
currently
foreign teachers since the contents instructed
prepared to by Thai teachers
develop wouldeducational
the creative be much more and
crystal clear to understand or even when systems
learning some problems
and to equipwere students
taken placed
with e.g. the
the use
learners did not understand the direction on exercises.
of innovative The research
technologies result supported
of knowledge. We have the
study of Nualthip (2008) as cited inplaced
Amaraporn (2008 :oncultivating
importance 48-49) that the instructor should
accomplished and
have strong mother tongue because it helped
proficient comparethe
graduatesfor second language
national devel being taught.
development.
According the study of Prodromou, it said that no matter what level of the second
language learner is, knowing his first language of the instructor is needed so as to give
obviously the definitions of vocabulary, grammatical structure, the differences and the
usage of first and second language being Dr.SukitNitinai
taught, and even giving directions in
classroom. President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
Furthermore, the study also revealed that teaching strategy can influence
learning efficiency. Some teaching strategies then were proposed into English training
course e.g. role play, conversation practice, group work, and cooperative learning.
These conceptsaccord with Kearsley (1996) that teaching and learning management for
adult learners should concentrate on process and lessen contents. This means if teaching
and learning process focuses on more contents, it would be lecture class at last. Then
teaching strategies that were suggested were Problem solving, Role play, Simulation,
and Self-Evaluation.
In addition, apart from the curriculum or learning objectives, otherfactors i.e.
age of the learners, time and day of training, teaching strategies, and learner’s
expectation including learners’ ability also need to be taken into consideration as the
research result in this study which starts from investigate the guideline in order to
manage teaching and learning effectively.
6. Suggestions
1. Referring to study the efficiency towards listening skills of guesthouse staff,

further study should add more the number of items adopted for the test since only 15
items is so small to investigate the efficiency towards listening skills. In addition,
allowing the listeners to listening only once is quite difficult for them to catch the
details of the conversation and it is also impractical in real situations, so another way to
investigate the efficiency towards listening skills is also interesting and challenging.
1661dnalFebruary
Thailand
P2.EHItTis
GNalso
URK YGOLOto
interesting NHinvestigate
CET FO Ythe TISrelationship
REVINU Atowards
LAGNAlistening
MAJAR and
speaking skills of guesthouse officers whether the one who did best on speaking skill
would do best on listening skills fo tor
nenot.
diserP eht morf egasseM
3. RegardingpehtEnglish golonhceT fo yttoisrstudy
gnurK ycommunication, evinUthe
alaefficiency
gnamajaRtowards reading
and writing skills or 4 skills; listening, speaking, reading and writing is suggested to
ygolonhthe
enhance cetservice
evitaerefficiency
c a eb otofsguesthouse
mia KTUM R
staff. 
7.dnReference
a lennosrep ruo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof
hcraeser[1]eht ThanakritSathanakriSangkachoy
detomorp osla evah eW .sdradand nats PhrommasJindachot. (2012).
evitaerc htiwAnalyzing imeEfficiency
secivres cthe daca eht of ,tneGuesthouse
mpoleved Industry in Thailand.Srinakarin
.erutluc dnBusiness
a stra fo nAdministration
oitavreserp eht Journal
dna ,stpeVol
cnoc3. 2 April-September. Retrieved
dnaliahT fo nfrom oisiv s’tneejournals.swu.ac.th/index.php/MBASBJ/article/viewFile/3770/
mnrevogeht rednU
,ytivitaerc ,yg376012
olonhcetJune
fo es2015.
u eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
,tnempo[2] levedNualthipPermkasorn.
lanoitan retsof ot(2008). noitavTeaching
onni dnaStrategies for Teaching Thai as a
yltnerruc eraForeign ew ,yLanguage:
tilibaniatsuAnalyzed
s dna ytfrom irepso6rp Thai language teaching books.
dna lanoitacuResearch.
de evitaeBangkok:
rc eht poThammasart
leved ot deraperp
esu eht [3]htiw SiripongRakmai
stneduts piuqe otand dnaPhuwaras
smetsys gAbdulsta.
ninrael (2012). Guideline to promote
evah eW .egdEnglishelwonk learning
fo seigolobased
nhcet onevitaASEAN
vonni foStandards. Research report.The
dna dehsilpmHigherocca gEducation
nitavitlucnCommission.
o ecnatropmi decalp
.tn[4]
empoSuwannaTulayawasinpong.
leved lanoitan eht rofsetaud(2011).
arg tneicRoad
iforp Map Careers for Thai Tourism
towards ASEAN Labor Freedom. Bangkok : Thailand Research
Development Institute.
[5] The Office of National Economic and Social Development Plan. (2015).
Journal ofiNational
anitiNtikuEconomics
S.rD and Society January – March (2015).
(Online). Retrieved fromhttp://www.nesdb.go.th/ewt_w3c/main.php?
filename= economic_magazine 12 June 2016.
[6] Kotler, Philip. (2003). Marketing Management. 11th ed. New Jersy :
Prentic R Hall.
[7] Harris, D. (1969). Testing English as a Second Language. New York :
McGraw-Hill.
[8] Hybel, S. (1995). Communicating Effectively. 4th ed. NewYork :
Mcgraw Hill.
[9] Kearsley,G. (1996) Astragogy.Gorge Washington University. http://gwis2.
circ.gwnedu:80/kearsley/ knowleses.html. online
[10] Lieb,S. (1991) Princeples of Adult Learning (online) Retrieved October
16,2006.
[11] Littlewood, W. ( 2000 ). Communicative Language Teaching : An
Introduction. : Beijing : CambridgeUniversity
[12] Scott, Roger. (1981). Communication in the Classroom. Ed. By Keith
Johnson and Keith Morrow.Longman
[13] Walton. S. & Nayne, J. (1995). Communicative Principle : A Modular
Approach. Sydney PrenticeHall.
February
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RAJAMANGALAThe StudyUNIVERSITY
of the Leadership OF TECHNOLOGY
of King Taksin theKRUNGTHEP
great
in the Chanthaburi Local Histories
University
RajamangalaNatthakit of Technology Krungthep
Chai-ariyamatee
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Rambhai BarniRMUTK aims to be a creative technology
Rajabhat University
Abstract
This research is a study ofstandards.
the leadershipWe based
have on also promoted
Buddhist the research
Principles of King
Taksin the Great. Use qualitative development, the academic
research methodology. Theic purpose
servicesofwith creative
this research
concepts,army
was to 1) study the history of Chantaburi and the
movepreservation of arts the
of King Taksin and Great.
culture.2) to
study the leadership role based on Buddhist Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
Principles of King Taksin4.0the thatGreat.The
emphasizes armythemove
use oftotechnology,
Chanthaburi creativity,
City of
King Taksin the great. It is an army andmove to prepare to
innovation for foster
the liberation of Burma.
national By the
development,
army move out of Ayutthaya with prosperity
difficulty, follow
and the east route is we
sustainability, Ayutthaya, Nakhon
are currently
Nayok, Prachin Buri, Chachoengsao, Chonburi,
prepared Rayong, the
to develop Chanthaburi, Trat and backand
creative educational to
Chanthaburi again, to be the trooplearning
soldiers systems
to fight against Burmastudents
and to equip in Ayutthaya to save
with the use
the Thai people. Not even in Chanthaburi but Chanthaburi
of innovative technologiesis reputed to be a famous
of knowledge. We havecity
of Thailand and a symbol of him. placedLeadership
importanceof oncultivating
King Taksin accomplished
the Great. When and
Ayutthaya is going to be destroyed. He began
proficient to showthe
graduatesfor leadership by looking at good
devel
visions. He know of Ayutthaya future defeat so he moves the army from Ayutthaya to
the east. He also showed leadership by dominating the people at that time to live in
courageous discipline by using Buddhism to rule people at the moment with the
leadership and the principles of Buddhism, heDr.SukitNitinai
took and practiced so he succeeded in
later times. This research is a study of the leadership
President of Rajamangala Universityofof King of Taksin the Great
Technology and the
Krungthep
leadership of Buddhism. Qualitative Research the purpose of this research was.To study
the history of Chanthaburi city of King Taksin the Great. .To study the leadership role
of King Taksin the Great. Buddhist According to studies, it has been found that
Chanthaburi City of King Taksin. He came to prepare for the liberation of
Burma. By the coming out of Ayutthaya with difficulty. Follow the east route is
Ayutthaya, Nakhon Nayok, Prachin Buri, Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Rayong,
Chantaburi, and back to Chanthaburi. To consolidate the last host. To go to Ayutthaya.
To save the Thai people. Not even in Chanthaburi. But Chanthaburi is reputed to be a
historic city that people have to mention. When the name of King Taksin the Great. I
need to think of Chanthaburi every time.
Leadership of King Taksin the Great. When Ayutthaya is about to break. He
began to show leadership by looking far. The disaster of Ayutthaya. It has included
hosts. Strike out He also showed leadership by dominating people at that time. To live
in a courageous discipline by using the righteous virtue. To rule people at the moment.
Even face the situation. And many environmental. With the leadership and the
principles of Buddhism, he took and practiced. He succeeded in succeeding.
The leadership of King Taksin the Great, even for long time the history of the
Thai people especialy Chanthaburi people never forget his monarchy of the noble and
courageous, the people of Thailand are leading the his way applied In their life In the
field of work and much more.
Keyword : leadership, King Taksin the Great, Chanthaburi,
1681dnalFebruary
Thailand

1. Introduction
King Taksin the Great fo brought

tnediserThaiP ehttroops
morf to egaattack
sseM Burmese army and out of
Ayutthaya. He know pehAyutthaya
tgnurK ygisodefinitely o ytisrevItinisUnecessary
lonhceT fbroken. alagnamatojahitR out to survive
and to gather the troops and then return to the post independence. As his march route
ygolonthroughmany
passes hcet evitaerc provinces,
a eb ot sIn miaorder
KTUtoMgather
R as many troops. King Taksin the
ylgnidthere
Great, rocca issahaleader
ytisrevininuevery
ehT times,
.aisA nbecause
i ytisrevheinuis ethical Buddhism He praised
dna lennomostclosely.
Buddhism srep ruo fo One tnemtime,
polevhe ed asked
eht nothedemonks
sucof to stay in the disciplines and do
lanmake
not oitanrethe
tni Buddha
ot ngiltarnished.
a taht smIfulanything,
ucirruc cwhat
imedawould
ca it be he will help. He have a
hcraesthatone.
speech er eht d"lf etoall
motherp gods
osla have
evah beeneW ordained
.sdradnatin s Buddhism. Even if you wish to
evitathe
want erc blood
htiw she ecivcan
res cutcimeoff
dacaandehtdonate
,tnemphisolevblood.
ed '"Even though he meditated
.erutlucadhere
meditation, dna stratofothenoidoctrine
tavreserpinehpractice,
t dna ,stpethecnomorality
c of Buddhism and in the
dnaliahT fo nfrom
administration oisiv as’tsmall
nemnrgroup
evogehhe t reneeds
dnU to break out Burma. Until the time of
,ytivitaertroops
gathering c ,ygoloinnhChanthaburi,
cet fo esu ehhe t sehad
zisaahplot
meoftatroops.
ht 0.4 Can indicate that. He is It must
have
,tnemaponobleleadership
leved lanoitan and retsfollow
of ot Buddhist
noitavonnprinciples
i dna in Buddhism administration
andmanagement
yltnerruc era of ewpeople
,ytiliand
banithe
atsuforces
s dnaat that
ytiretime.
psorp
dna lanChanthaburi
oitacude evitis aerconeehtofpothelevedmostot dimportant
eraperp cities in history. Whenever
Hemention
esu eht htiw thestnname
eduts of piuKing
qe ot Taksin
dna smethe tsysGreat,
gninraeverybody
el thinks of Chanthaburi,
because
evah eW of .ethe
gdefact
lwonthat
k fo Taksin
seigolonthe hcetGreat
evitavhas
onngathered
i fo the last troops before the
liberation.
dna dehsilThat pmoccsentence
a gnitavitl“Hitucno pots”
ecnatrocontinues
pmi decalpto be legendary, according to
thesuccessor.
.tnempWhenolevedhe lanwas
oitaninehChanthaburi,
t rofsetaudarThere
g tneicare
iformany
p scholars have searched, to
always know the history of Chanthaburi.
Chanthaburi is the city where he has come to gather troops. Although thereare
times, to stay in Chanthaburi shortly. But the Thai people of Chanthaburi, be proud In
that he have gathered troops. ianitiAnd
NtikutheS.rpeople
D ofChanthaburi have every proud. When
thinking
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamaof
about history that he created the history jaRharmony
fo tnediin serthose
P days, by salvaging
Independence to the people ofThailand until independence, and he also preserved
Buddhism as a dependence onfaith to this day. The researcher aims to find the data to
summarize historical data. History of marching troops into Chanthaburi, and his
leadership is based on BuddhistPrinciples, to be informative another piece in the next
search.
Transcript
Primary Data: Data that has not been analyzed and synthesized. As raw data
these data are collected from documents such as journals, meetings, events themselves.
Secondary Data: Documents that are analyzed in the various types of
documents to assist in the analysis of raw materials, such as newspapers, research
articles, theses, internet, law and other relevant articles.
The interviews used in this study were interviewed, semi structured or
interviewed and In-depth interviews
In-depth interview is used to interview key informants in specific
interviews.
Participatory Observation in this area refers to the villagers activities in
Chanthaburi.
February
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University
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Suvarnabhumi,
169
Thailand15

2. ResearchResult
Khun Ram and khun Message from the

Muin-song had President of
been to attacked King Taksin, but were
defeated and fled Rajamangala University
with the governor of Technology
of Chanthaburi cityKrungthep
King Taksin attacked the
Chanthaburi city by commanding the commander that :
"We will hit Chanthaburi
 thisRMUTK
evening. aims
Whentothebearmy a creative
cooked technology
rice, eat it.
And the people shall pour out the university
rest of the infood,
Asia.andThe
smiteuniversity
the pots has accordingly
it. Means to eat
breakfast in the city tomorrow. If you cannot hit the city tonight. I will die together. "and
The commander of the King academic
Taksin curriculums
no one daresthat alignWhen
to resist. to international
the night is
standards.theWe
coming, so the soldiers secretly ambushed havedo also
people promoted
not know. They the research
do not know
what to do. When soldiers comedevelopment,
into the city,thethey academic ic services
scream with side
to the other creative
and
confiscated Chanthaburi city. concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
History of Chanthaburi city of Taksin. Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
4.0 that emphasizes
From the beginning. Ayutthaya the people the whouseareofintechnology,
the cities arecreativity,
difficult
to set themselves up with the land and without power. It'stobeen
innovation a while
foster since I've
national been here.
development,
The Rayong Provincial Department who escaped
prosperity from the robbery
and sustainability, we ofarePhraya Tak
currently
Camp. The daredevil is at home. preparedChanthaburi Part of the
to develop theclansmen
creative toeducational
steal elephants
and
from the horses of the Rayong. You will see
learning that you
systems andhave to suppress
to equip studentsit. with
The soldiers
the use
went to Ban Pra Sae, Ban Rai village, Klaeng technologies
of innovative town, bombarded with cannon.
of knowledge. We Khun
have
Ram and Khun Ying flee to Chantaburi. placed importance oncultivating accomplished and
Phraya Chanthaburi proficient
is expected to come totheChanthaburi.
graduatesfor It is with Khun
devel
Ram and tens of thousands. Seeing that Tak was skilled. The battalion is skillful. I can
not fight face. Remember to take the trick into the city. It can be easily eliminated when
thinking so. Phraya Chanthaburi invited 4 priests to be ambassadors to invite you to
Chanthaburi. Phraya Chanthaburi is the enemy of the invading Ayutthaya. I will be
willing to help you. AndPresident
see that of
Rayong is a small town. It of
Rajamangala Universityof is Technology
a great army.Krungthep
So let's go
to Chanthaburi, a big city with plenty of food. I have to consult to prepare to recover
Ayutthaya from the enemy, you have to listen to it and do not trust Phraya Chanthaburi.
But when I consulted the commanding officer, I saw that I should go to know. If it is
malicious, it will be dealt with.
I took the army to follow the clergy to 5 days to Bang Khao. The city of
Chanthaburi 200 Chanthaburi Phraya Permanent Secretary to the Department of the city
to welcome. It's a place where you can find a place to sit on the waterfront opposite the
city. The Tak commanded the front guard to follow the city. I have not been to
Chanthaburi yet. Phraya Chanthaburi and Khun Ram and tensed people in the city. Will
attack when crossing the river. I was so quick to send to the front. Ordered to turn the
process north. Straight to the temple of glass. Only 4 gate from Tha Chang. I do not
know what to do. Hurry up the troops to maintain the ramp. Then give the Khun
Promdee, who was familiar with him before he came out to invite the city. That's why.
The Phraya Chanthaburi to the priest to invite you to think about the loan Ayutthaya. I
understand that it is so pure. But when it came, it did not come out as welcome to the
young and the adults. Because the Kamphaengphet governor ten thousand. It is more
mature than Phraya Chanthaburi. It's not that I do not like it. Chanthaburi Phraya as an
enemy to us. If we go into the city. Chantaburi should come out first. Or send the Khun
Ram and tiger broth out of Chanthaburi Phraya came out to us to trust us. I love to
respect as a brother to Chantaburi Phraya responded that Khun Ram Khun Dang is
afraid to come out. Chanthaburi is not willing to leave. Sending food to the table. I
ordered to return to Chanthaburi Phraya said. When it is not good. He kept the city well.
1701dnalFebruary
Thailand
Phraya P EHTGNURclosed
Chanthaburi K YGthe O LO NHC
door toEprepare
T FO Ythe TISfull.
REVIIbelieve
NU ALA GNthere
that AMAareJARmore.
You know your own status. In the wild the enemy in the city is stronger. I'm
not afraid to fight to face. But fo iftnyou
edisretreat
erP ehtwhen. morf Theegasenemy
seM will come out in many
ways. And if they do pehface
tgnuone rKanother,
ygolonhthey fo ytlack
ceT will isrevfood.
inU aLike
lagnone,
amajthe
aRenemy chooses
to attack. As a male warrior. See if the first run is advantageous. He called the
ygolonhcet officer.
commanding evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 
ylgnidrocca s"We ah ywill
tisrehit
vinuChanthaburi
ehT .aisA this ni yevening.
tisrevinuWhen the army cooked rice, eat it.
dnathe
And lenpeople
nosrepshall
ruo pour
fo tnoutemptheolerest
ved ofehthe
t nofood,
desuandcofsmite it. Means to eat breakfast in
lancity
the oitatomorrow.
nretni ot If ngyou
ila cantahtnot smhituluthe
cirrcity
uc tonight.
cimedacIawill die together. "
hcraeser eThe ht dcommander
etomorp osof la theevaRoyal
h eWAir.sdForce radnasawts the air before. No one dares to
evitaeWhen
resist. rc htithe
w snight
ecivreiss dry.cimSoedatheca soldiers
eht ,tnem poleveambushed
secretly d the people do not know.
.eruknow
I do not tluc dnwhat
a stratofodo.noWhen
itavresthey
erp ecome
ht dnainto,stpthe
ecncity,
oc they scream to the other side.
dnaliahT forole
The noisofivleadership
s’tnemnreof voKing
geht rTaksin
ednU Base on Buddhim
,ytivitaerc Principles
,ygolonhceof t foDhamma
esu eht sand ezisLeadership
ahpme taht it0.4is very coherent because unethical
leaders
,tnempareolevinevitable.
ed lanoitaOn n rtheetsoother
f ot hand,noitavdharma
onni dleaders
na will effectively manage the
group
yltnerand
ruc effectively
era ew ,support
ytilibanithe atsussituation
dna yof tirethe
psorpeople
p in the society. Involved in
leadership
dna lanoiandtacuthe
de wayevitatoerhappiness.
c eht poleAnd ved theot leaders
deraperof p the doctrine. Many leaders have
been
esu used
eht htas
iwthe
stnmain
eduts management.
piuqe ot dna Leadership
smetsys gniis nraaelsuccess, important and consistent
with
evahLeadership
eW .egdelw is othe
nk fmost
o seigimportant
olonhcet eof vitamany
vonniprinciples
fo and is the principle that
leaders
dna deshould
hsilpmstudy.
occa gAnd nitavtheitlufirst
cnoisecthenatprinciple
ropmi deof ca"Blessed
lp 4"
.tnemFour
polePrinciples
ved lanoitaVirtuous
n eht rofsExistence
etaudarg tneiciforp
1. Loving Kindness is to love others to feel compassion Always keep the
other. Who will curse that? Or who will attack? If you have an enemy, think to the
enemy as a poor man, a man who still circulates dead is not possible. Look at the enemy
with the eyes of the mother ianand
itiNlook
tikuSat.rD
the child. This will give you sparkling eyes as a
glass.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagthink
And the power to make people who namajevilaR foro tnenemies
ediserP change their minds to
think for us. Where people love to get close, even if they know it. Because of the power
of kindness. The most powerful in the world, the merciless to sustain the world.
2. Compassion to help those suffering, help even the enemy help not
even make enemies angry. We do not care about him. If that person curses, it does not
hurt. To help him no longer with us, see the beggar or the person who is in trouble, do
not be stingy. The Buddha taught to eat, to reduce the miserliness, and help each other.
The merit that is considered a noble. All the worlds come to life. We will see glory.
3. Sympathetic Joy is to congratulate what others have. Be happy in what
others are. Who would have been better? We do well. Do not be jealous Do not go to
gossip. Do not be angry or disappointed. Who are you? I'm glad we gossiped. It shows
that we have dealt with him before. We have to be damned today. We have to be happy
because we have the opportunity to repay. It is very gratifying to have the opportunity
to make amends without leaving the reservation. And there is one more merit.
4. Equanimity is to always remember that there is nothing truly
embodied. He has the right to be bad or good. What is the difference between the two?
Thanks! Like the wind blowing the ear. There is no substance to hurt our hearts. What
do you do? I believe in karma. I will give the fairest results. The true suffering is the
suffering that must be swept away.
Virtues of a Gentle Man
Another principle that is appropriate for leadership is that everyone should
have the mind of leadership. We call it the Virtues of a Gentle Man the virtue of the
pineapple is a good person or a person who has complete human qualities. And it is a
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great RAJAMANGALA
virtue of leadership.UNIVERSITY
In the definition OF TECHNOLOGY
of the meaning ofKRUNGTHEP the pineapple. Many
scholars have expressed the following views from the book "Leadership" by Phra from
Khunaporn. In one of the booksMessage from theThe
mentioned. President of
seven characteristics of the leader and
Rajamangala
reiterated that the seven virtues.University of Technology Krungthep
1. Knowing the cause, do or do anything. Know the principles of
knowledge, know the duties, rules RMUTK involved,
 and regulations aims to such be a ascreative
parents technology
must know
the state of politics. And know theuniversity
rule of law in isAsia. Thesince
the law university has accordingly
the Constitution comes
down. Then stand in principle. In principle, the community, society, organizationand
focused on the development of our personnel or
business. There must be rules, rules, academic
rules thatcurriculums
the leader must thatknow
alignclearly.
to international
And it is in
that principle. standards. We have also promoted the research
development,
2. Knowing the consequence, if youthedoacademic
not know ic services
where to withgo andcreative
where
to go. Know the destination is clear concepts, and the preservation
in the destination. of arts and to
Must be determined culture.
reach the
destination. This is a very important feature. Under
When thegovernment’s
the heart is aiming vision of Thailand
what’s next? It
will not be shaken. I do not care, I 4.0 thatcare.
do not emphasizes
Who wouldthe usesayof technology,
that sarcastic? creativity,
When not
on the subject. I do not care. Do not andkeep an emotion.
innovation toDofoster
not mess with the
national fuss. That's
development,
the way to go. Focus on goals Clearprosperity
and determined.and sustainability, we are currently
3. Knowing oneself,prepared
in what state? Qualifications
to develop are available.
the creative Howand
educational are
you? There is a slack. Weaknesses, strengths
learning which
systems andwill
to have
equiptostudents
explorewiththemselves.
the use
And always remind yourself. For the sake of selftechnologies
of innovative improvement.ofTo be more competent,
knowledge. We have
not to be a leader, to be a perfect person,
placed not to developoncultivating
importance themselves. The more you lead,
accomplished and
the more you need to develop yourself all the
proficient time to getthe
graduatesfor better.
devel
4. Knowing how to be temperat, it means that we need to know the extent
to which we will be prepared to do things. For example, the rulers of the country know
about the penalty, the penalty and taxation, etc., but not to be mindful. And to know that
in the act. Or in the story. What factors or factors are involved? How does it fit its
elements? Appropriate proportion doing things everything
President of Rajamangala Universityof must fit If it does Krungthep
of Technology not fit, then
it's a mistake to make a real success. Therefore, it is necessary to know the elements and
factors involved and to make it fit properly.
5. Knowing how to choose and keep time, the amount of time that this is
what happens when you do something so that it will be appropriate to see that even
talking to know the time. As well as planning to use the time. This is such a big plan
that society is likely to be like this in the future. And this will happen. How do we plan
to deal with that situation?
6. Knowing the society, since in a broader sphere is knowing the society,
the world, knowing the society of the nation. How in the situation? What problems are
there? Especially if it will help him. I need to know the problem, know his needs. Even
small communities. If we help him we need to know his needs. In order to meet the
needs. Or fix the problem right.
7. Knowing individual, especially those who come together to work
together. And the people we go to serve the difference. To treat him properly and
effectively. We can also provide assistance to meet your needs. Know how to use
relationships, talk, give feedback, or how to accept them. Especially in the use of
people. Who needs to know who is? Have the aptitude how can to use people to suit the
job. In addition, he knows the benefits. I do not think it will work as a tool to work. I
have to give everyone who works. Has developed itself. Leaders should know. What
should he gain for the growth of his true life?
Leadership is something that can make others happy. Obey and ready to
cooperate in the work. There are many types of leaders based on Western concepts,
1721dnalFebruary
Thailand
such as Pdictators.
EHTGNDemocratic
URK YGOL ONHLiberal
leader C E T FO YTISeach
leaders REVleader
INU Ahas
LAG itsNown
AMA JAR
principles.
Leadership is different. And used in different situations. While the concept of the East
fo tnedthe
to focus on religion. In Buddhism, iserprinciple
P eht mothat
rf egthe
assLord
eM Buddha discovered is a
practice that can bepused
ehtgntourdevelop
K ygololeadership
nhceT fo asytiwell.
srevinU alagnamajaR
3.ygConclusion
olonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 
dna lenIn nooperation
srep ruo fthe o tperson
nempolin evcharge
ed eht or nosubordinate
desucof needs to be moral. Along with
lanability
the oitanreto tniwork.
ot nIn gilBuddhism,
a taht smthere ulucirisrucan celementary
imedaca principle that enables a person
ofhcleadership
raeser ehtto dmaintain
etomorp his oslor
a her
evahquality.
eW .Itsdleads
radnattos being loved. Respect for others,
evitaaserc1. hFour
such tiw Principles imedaca Existence
secivres cVirtuous eht ,tnempisoltheevemain
d virtue of life, is the principle
of the.eleaders
rutluc dof na the
straadult
fo noleader,
itavres2.erpSeven
eht dnVirtues
a ,stpecofnoac Gentle Manis the principle of the
dnalisiaha Tgentle
faith fo nomanisiv and
s’tngood
emnreleaders
vogeht rednU
,ytivitaeIn rc this
,ygostudy,
lonhcethe t fo researcher
esu eht sezfoundisahpmthat
e tahthe
t 0.leadership
4 were based on the Four
Principles
,tnempolevVirtuous
ed lanoiExistenceand
tan retsof otSeven noitavVirtues
onni dnofa a Gentle Man which are the
principles
yltnerruc oferaleadership.
ew ,ytiliAnd baniatlearn
sus dand na practice
ytirepsorpof King Taksin the Great. The
administration
dna lanoitacuof de armies
evitaerthroughout
c eht polethis ved research
ot derapiserap study of the leadership based on
Buddhist
esu eht hPrinciples
tiw stnedof utsKing
piuqTaksin
e ot dnthe a sm Great.
etsys gninrael
evah eW Based
.egdonelwtheonkresults
fo seofigothe
lonresearch,
hcet evitathevonresearcher
ni fo has discovered the issues that
can
dnabeddiscussed
ehsilpmocincathe gnresearch.
itavitlucnThe o ecresults
natropofmithe deresearch
calp are appropriate to the issue of
the march .tnem ofpoKing
leved Taksin.
lanoitanAnd eht roleadership.
fsetaudargSome tneicifmarching
orp and leadership roles are
recorded in the Chronicle. And documents Relevant at that time.
The march from Taksin from Ayutthaya to Chanthaburi. And back to
independence, there are many histories. In fact, some are not true, mixed with each other for
a long time. All things wee iando
itiNnot
tikuknow
S.rDif that is true or not. Or the royal annals. Is a
pointer
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alarecorded?
and confirmation in the chronicles gnamajaRThere fo tnare
edissome
erP who can not find the
truth, such as the glass temple behind the 2nd Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Regiment
(Taksin Campus), Chanthaburi.
History is still a great history of the country, but one thing that is interesting.
Document Research and from the space. The historical evidence about the King Taksin.
This is a fascinating one. There are new generation of historians, come to study. Which is
good. The history of Taksin is never ending, never forget, because there will be new
generations. Always come to study. He is the great king because he was able to recover
from Burma. He dedicated the land to the Buddha as a Buddhist. This land is a peaceful
land of Buddhism. The temple is also training soldiers for moral virtues, soldiers have to
hold on to the courage to fear the enemy.
4. Reference
[1] Maha Chulalongkorn Ratchawitthayalai University. (1996). Thai

Tipitaka Version of Maha Chulalongkorn Ratchawitthayalai.
[2] Maha makut Buddhist University. (1991). Thai Tipitaka Version
scriptures with 91 translations.
[3] National Museum Prachinburi. (2016). Ten Parts of King Taksin.
[4] Phra Dhammapidok (Puyutto). (2000). The Buddhist Meditation Revised
and Expanded.
[5] Thawat Punotok. (2001). History of Eastern Districts. The National
Salvation Army of Taksin.
February
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RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITYWowen
Local Wisdom in Chanthaboon OF TECHNOLOGY
Mats for SustainableKRUNGTHEP
Economy
Community Development Chanthaburi Province
Thanakorn of Technology
Pibanrak Krungthep
Office of Arts and Culture and Community Development
 BarniRMUTK
Rambhai aims to be a creative technology
Rajabhat University
Abstract
Thai culture and traditionstandards. We have
in the ancient timealso
were promoted the research
simple ways of life.
Most of utensils were handicraftdevelopment,
made of available the academic ic services
materials in the with creative
resident area.
Mat is one of utensils which have concepts,
beenandbeing
the preservation
used in Thai of arts and culture.
society since the
ancient time until now. So it can be said Underthat
thegovernment’s
mat weaving vision of Thailand
is a part of Thai
society especially in local areas.4.0Matthat isemphasizes
made of the use of technology,
Cyperaceae or Gok creativity,
which is
well-known for Thais. Gok canand growinnovation
in both fresh mater national
to foster and salt development,
water areas.
Gok growing in salt water area is more and
prosperity effective in mat weaving
sustainability, we are than Gok
currently
growing in fresh water area.prepared The well-know
to develop place for mat
the creative weaving and
educational is
Chanthaburi province which learningit’s residents
systemsproduce Chanthaboon
and to equip students withmat.
the The
use
approach used in this paper Is “The qualitative
of innovative research”. The
technologies paper is conducted
by focusing on scholars of local placedareaimportance
and 53 oncultivating
concerned people and product
accomplished and
users chosen dy specific method. proficient Information
graduatesfor theis national
collected by means of
devel
development.
interviewing, observing, Data analyzing and prioritizing The result of the research
is presented by descriptive analysis.
The research points out that the local wisdom of Chanthaboon mat
weaving exists for a long time. The application and development and the
transmission of the local wisdom can be done by
President of Rajamangala Universityof the wisdom
of of selecting
Technology Krungtheptyps
of Gok, Gok growing , taking care of Gok, Gok transforming and mat weaving.
In the past, Chanthaboon mat weaving could be seen nearly in every village in
the province. Unfortunatley, there are many obstacles in mat weaving so it is
still exists in a few villages namely, Samet Ngam and Bang Srakao villages.
Villagers in the past used all handmade instruments in mat weaving. They
designed style and color by themselves and later on, Queen Ramphaiphunni
asked Ratchaphat Ramphaiphunni Institute to help them design 16 styles of mat
products. Then they designed another 14styles and developed form and quality of
the products continuously, making them suitable for occasions continuously,
making them suitable for occasions
Obstacles for mat weaving such as the transmitting of the local wisdom,
lacking of any instruments in mat producing, and publicating or public relating.
The ways to improve Chanthaboon mat weaving have to be studied in
many aspects such as designing and color using etc. It is necessary to modernize
the mat products in order to accord them to customer’s demand. The placement
is an important factor to promote and advertise the products. Marketing
management can be considered as a crucial way to increase mat encourage them
in order that the local products will be seen in the handicraft market forever.
Keywords : wisdom, chanthaboon mat, sustainable development
1741dnalFebruary
Thailand

1. Introduction
The mats are a socialfoproduct. tnediseThailand

rP eht mfor orfaeglong
assetime.
M There is a saying about
mats that we have palways ehtgnuheard
rK ygthat olon hceTraise"
"mats fo ytimeans
srevinU alagreception.
good namajaRThe "mat face"
means to welcome to look good temporary. "When people hurt, it would say. "Morbid"
ygoloto
refers nhpainful
cet evior taenear-death.
rc a eb ot "Pillowsmia KMats"TUMR refers to simple
 living or even a mat as a
ylgniddevice.
sitting rocca sThere
ah ytisare
revimany
nu ehT .aisA mats
famous ni ytinisreThailand,
vinu such as mats from the east,
dna from
mats lennoChiang
srep ruRaio foortnYunnan
empolevmats ed eare
ht nfrom
o destheuconorth,
f mats from the south or mats
lanothe
from itanrsouth.
etni oAll t nare
gilafamous
taht smats.
mulucMats,
irruc mats
cimedandacaeast at present, weaving mats are
hcraavailable
still eser ehtbut dethey
tomoarerp reduced
osla evafor h the
eW Chan.sdraMat
dnatsis a good quality mat. It is a mats
evituse
that aerc reed
htiwfromsecivsalt cimedaor
res water ca brackish
eht ,tnem poleveUnlike
water. d the mats of other sectors.
.erutluChan
Therefore, c dna sMat
tra fis
o naoimat
tavrethat
serpisehdurable,
t dna ,stpbeautiful
ecnoc and quality than the mat from
dnalisectors.
other ahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht rednU
,ytivitaeHer
rc ,yMajesty
golonhceQueen
t fo esuRamaeht seIVzisahas
hpm e taht 0.4the mat weaving profession. The
promoted
mats
,tnemindustry
polevedin Chanthaburi
lanoitan retsisofpopular.ot noiAt tavone
onnipoint,
dna the turning point of reed farming
was
yltnto
errfarm
uc eshrimp,
ra ew which ,ytilibaisniconsidered
atsus dna a ygood tirepsincome.
orp And make a career of reed.
And
dna weaving
lanoitacumats
de ebegan
vitaerctoehdecline.
t polevThere
ed ot are deraonly
perptwo communities left. The Bang
bang
esu esrakead
ht htiw and
stneSamet
duts piuNgam
qe ot aredna home
smetsytos fewer
gninraepeople,
l but the demand is still so
popular
evah eW with.egdthe
elwtwo
onk communities.
fo seigolonhceNew t evitpatterns
avonni fohave been developed to process
products.
dna dehThe silpmapplication
occa gnitaof vitmodernity
lucno ecnato trothe
pmvalues
i decalofp the new generation as well. Mat
Chan is.tnaemgood polevquality
ed lanoimat.
tan ehItt rwas
ofsetselected
audarg tnaseictheiforptop product of Chanthaburi. In
accordance with the slogan of Chanthaburi. "Lue Lue Waterfall, the city fruit pepper.
The jewelery is very beautiful. King Taksin the Great at Chanthaburi
The present mat weaving industry in Chanthaburi began to decline. Because there
are many problems, including ianthe
itiNlack
tikuof
S.rinheritance
D wisdom mats. At present, weaving is all
about
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tneBecause
the elderly. The new generation is not very supportive. diserP of the current situation
in Chanthaburi is not a source of government. Fund issue Design issues But the distribution
center is the villagers themselves. The next issue is the design of the product because the
current product. Substitute for a lot of products such as plastic products, rubber products.
Nylon Products and many other products make reed mats products affected. Therefore, the
design must be up-to-date. For the problem solving approach, the researcher has five
solutions: 1. Product model 2. Reed mats design. 3. Market management 4. Sources of
product distribution
Mat and application of wisdom products.
Krissana Wongsan (1999 : 253) has given the meaning of local wisdom, ie,
the knowledge or traditional experience of the local people who are inherited from their
ancestors. Or transmittance from institutions in the community, such as family
institutions. Beliefs and religions Politics, government, economy and social institutions.
Knowledge of local people's experiences. Are educated, collected and
transcribed from their ancestors. Or is the knowledge gained from the experience of
their own. Learn from the work. Form natural surroundings are valuable things to build
the knowledge and ability to make people live together peacefully as knowledge is
creative and contributes to the production.
Acknowledgements of This research was funded by the National Research
Council of Thailand (NIDA), Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health,
Continuation adapt to the conditions in which the people are located and exchange
cultural exchanges with other people. From other environmental areas that have been
interrelated, adopted or modified to benefit or solve problems, there is a development of
February
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wisdomRAJAMANGALA
that demonstratesUNIVERSITY
the potential. AndOF TECHNOLOGY
the importance of KRUNGTHEP
folk wisdom. It is the
learning process of the villagers and the new wisdom received from the outside world.
The wisdom has been modified.Message from
Folk the President
wisdom of
is the accumulation of knowledge and
experience. Long-lasting
Product development is all about industrial work in the fast-paced economy.
The increased population makes  the RMUTK demands aims of theto buyers
more. Competitive
development of products to meet university
the needs of in buyers
Asia. The and university
products can hasdominate
accordinglythe
market. Product development, if there are competitors in the concept of product our personnel and
development is presented by academicsacademic curriculums
as follows: (Sakorn that align 1985
kanthchot. to international
: 6-11)
History of the mat standards. We have also promoted the research
Mat were a man-made development, the academic
material that transforms ic services
natural objectswith creative
into tools for
life. From prehistoric times. Naturalconcepts, and the preservation
raw materials near the bodyofwill
arts be
andused
culture.
such as
the use of wood, branches, trees, vineyards, Under thegovernment’s
scrub, vision of
and simple shapes to Thailand
use as a
4.0sleep.
container. Or to scrape into a pad for that emphasizes
(Vibul Li Suu, the 1989:
use of3)technology, creativity,
Different types of mats inand
Thailand.
About mats most people will thinkand
prosperity of the use of sitting.we
sustainability, Andaremostcurrently
of them
sleep. In Thailand, there are many prepared
mats. Thistomay be rawthe
develop materials andeducational
creative karma. The wayand
to produce a mat is similar and when it comes
learning systems out,and
it has the same
to equip utility.
students withThere are
the use
different beliefs based on the area or
of raw materials
innovative used. Mat isofa mats
technologies made ofWe
knowledge. papyrus.
have
The plant is biennial. The head is similar
placed toimportance
galanga, but smaller. Theaccomplished
oncultivating trunk with flowersand
spread by the head. The branching of shoots
proficient (Natasha the
graduatesfor State. 1980:development.
national 1). Reed is a fiber
devel
plant. Grow and grow well in Thailand. Mat products produced from various variety
plants.
1. Reed mats are made from reed, which is naturally grown. The trunk is
somewhat rounded. The science that Cyperus Digitatus Toxb. Grows much in the East.
Chanthaburi President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
2. Kok mat or reed mat made from Kutchanun, which is the end of the
trunk near the flower only a triangle is a long time. Eastern Chanthaburi, Trat and
Rayong, but most grown in Chanthaburi.
3. Kale or Tar Weaving from reeds It is a plant with a trunk resembling a
papyrus with a mat, more in the south Thailand
4. Reed mats made of reeds. Scientific name Scirpus grossus up in the
wet.
5. Pan Mat or mat is a woven basket of the South.
6. Chiang Rai mat made from reed Yunnan the name of the science.
Scirupslachstris Balidus, is a popular growing region.
7. The mats are made from cucumber trees, which are a kind of forest. As
a biennial plant Propagation with sprout is very eastern.
8. Rattan mat is a mat used for crab sleep. Produced from rattan lines are
long vines, often found in the forest. Strong and durable properties are produced in
Buriram, Surin, Kee and Central.
9. Mat is a popular mat for mat cushions. There are not many "hatch" is
another kind of plant that northerners.
10. Mat is a mat made from the skin of bamboo. Mat and Thai way of life
Mat with the lifestyle of the Thai people
The mats we see regularly, it is often brought to the floor and put to sleep.
The mat is used for home since ancient times. It can be seen that the traditional Thai.
The Buddha uses the mat as a sacrament in one of the ordination ceremonies. Or the
1761dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTis
Kathin "Mat" GN URK
used in Y GO
the LONHCsuch
dwelling, ET Fas O mats,
YTISbamboo
REVINU ALused
mat AGNtoAmake
MAJAthe
R lid.
Mat for crabs, sleeping with weaves, rattan, rattan, kelp or leaf. The need for wicker for
use in various tasks such as the fo beliefs,
tnedisertraditions,
P eht morrituals
f egasand seMreligions of each local. To
use in the marriagepeofhtthe gnuSouth.
rK ygoKrabi eT fo ytisThere
lonhcProvince revinU is aalatradition
gnamajaofRplaiting Panan.
For the couple to use couch instead of sleeping together. There are many traditions and
ygolonthat
rituals hcettheevmats
itaercparticipate
a eb ot sin misuch
a KTceremonies.
UM R It  is a tradition of food sharing.
ylgnidpeople
Many rocca are
sah traditions
ytisrevinuofethe hT North,
.aisA nini ythe
tisrbook
evinuof life about the death of Sathien
dna letalk
Koset, nnoabout
srep rtheuo use
fo tofnem pomats
the levedinethe
ht nrituals
o desuofcothef death of the Khao Dae and Kha
lanoita"They
Panar. nretniput ot the
ngithread,
la tahthand smuit,
lucfeet,
irrucandcimthen
edacputa the mats wrapped with wicker
hcraethen
lines, ser mapped
eht detothe morgalangal,
p osla etie vahup,eWand .tie
sdrup
adnonats the head. Then tied the toes. The
eviis
mat taewrapped
rc htiw and vres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
seciburied.
.erutlucSodnwea stcan
ra fosee
noithat
tavremats
serp are
eht important
dna ,stpecntoocthe way people live from the past
todthe
nalipresent
ahT fo and noishave
iv s’tties
nemtonrthe
evomats
geht from
rednUbirth to death.
2.,tnStudy
empolmethod
eved lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna
dna lanResearch
oitacude toolsevitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp
esu eht hti1. w Interviews
stneduts piand uqe made
ot dnawith
smetinterviewees.
sys gninrael Practitioner General Information
Providers
evah eWare.emadegdelwto onget
k finformation
o seigolonhaboutcet evcognitive
itavonni knowledge
fo wisdom cobwebs.
dna dehsil2. pmObservations
occa gnitavare itlucmade
no ecbynaobserving
tropmi dethe calgeneral
p condition of the community
and observing
.tnempothe levemat
d lanweaving
oitan ehprocess.
t rofsetauBut
dargthetnereed.
iciforpAne Reed processing Reed mats
process
3. Group discussion are made The selection of information from 3 main groups:
academic department, provincial culture representative provincial industry represented reed
product group and women iahousewives
nitiNtikuS.rgroup
D Bangla Nine and Ban Samet Ngam to find
problems,
1. Data Collection
1.1 The researcher interviewed with the open-ended questionnaire to
collect wisdom data. To develop sustainable economy In Chanthaburi
1.2 Structured interviews are made interviewees interviewed to the
target groups
2. Observations in this study use two types of observations:
2.1 Non-Participatory Observation researchers will observe the
general situation of village activities or the weaving of the two villages.
2.2. Participatory Observation participated in the activity along with
observation. Ask questions and make notes. From rearing, reed and reed mats weaving,
the sale of reed mats.
3. Group discussion by collecting data from villagers, entrepreneurs,
weaving mats of the villagers Ban Samet Ngam. The villagers, housewives, and
housewives cooperated with the weaving village of Chanthaburi.
3. Research Framework
Concept / Innovation / Theory

- participation
- to spread
- symbol
- Apply
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RAJAMANGALA
- Aesthetics UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
4. Research result Message from the President of

Knowledge and wisdom of reed.
The wisdom of woven  ChanRMUTK aims The
is a process. to bebeginning
a creative of technology
the use of
university
papyrus that occurs naturally. Weaving in Asia.mat
to produce Theproducts.
university
Whenhas the
accordingly
villagers
saw that they could be used for their benefit, they started to grow several speciesand
academic
reeds, and compared that to the species that iscurriculums
so durable and thatbeautiful
align tothatinternational
it has been
selected as a breeding broodstock. standards.
Ceylon We with have
lancealso
bothpromoted
species havethe research
different
advantages and disadvantages. Ceylon development,
is grown the to beacademic
easy toic care
services with
for, but creative
weaving is
easy to tear, weaving is not very concepts,
durable. Theand the preservation
round is slowly of arts andand
growing culture.
requires
good maintenance. When it is processed, it Under will notthegovernment’s
be easily torn and vision of Thailand
the surface of the
rounded beetle will be more shiny 4.0than
that the
emphasizes the usesoofboth
other species, technology,
villagerscreativity,
are very
popular. Later on, there was a promotion of professional
and innovation farming.national
to foster To produce enough to
development,
meet the needs of the mat. The optimum
prosperity conditions for planting are:
and sustainability, weThisarearea is also
currently
suitable for Samet Ngam and Bangprepared
Poo nine.toBoth villages
develop thehave been reed
creative and matsand
educational are
the main occupation. When we have more mats,
learning systemsthe and
province has students
to equip promoted.withChan theChan
use
is known in the people of Chanthaburi and neighboring
of innovative villages.of knowledge. We have
technologies
Knowledge of the equipment in the
placed mat.
importance oncultivating accomplished and
In the mat, we need proficient
to have thegraduatesfor
equipment to thecomplete
national the
develmat to meet the
development.
needs quickly. The key equipment in woven mats consists of
1. Borrowing is a tool for percussion. There are many sizes from 4-10
creep with both single layer and double layer borrowing.
2. Wood or wood rush, Use for gushing into the ligaments.
3. Polishing pad is used for polishing
President of Rajamangala Universityofthe head and the end Krungthep
of Technology of the main
thread
4. The ligaments are used to support the ligaments to tighten the
ligaments.
5. Stretch ligaments used for stretching the head, tendon and end of the
stretcher must be rounded, generally a bamboo rather than wood.
6. Pair of woven rugs used for seat while weaving mats must be moved
by the length of the mat.
7. The stick is attached to the main wood buried in the floor to help
support. The size of the beam will be larger than the length of the string.
8. Dolls or crutches Used to support the stretcher to the height of the
ground according to the skill level of the woven mats.
9. Floating Lumber, It looks like a wooden beam, for the edge of the mat.
10. The main wood is used for embedding the soil to be a solid anchor to
the wood, stretching tight against the wood.
11. Candles used for swiping the mat. To keep the mats slippery and
reduce friction. Make the impact more easily.
12. Rope for stretcher, the main purpose is to hold the various parts to
stay not to slack most of Manila rope size about 1 cm.
13. Stone polishing mats are used for polishing. And smooth, easy to roll.
Weaving mats, if any home does not have full mat weaving, it will be
processed by selling reed lines to women, housewives or cooperatives. Weaving mats
are processed mats weaving.
1781dnalFebruary
Thailand
PKnowledge
EHTGNURofKthe YGdesign
OLON ofHthe
CEmatT FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Before the mat weaving, the mat weaving is only the main pattern, only two
designs, namely, the pattern and fo tthe
nedpattern.
iserP ehLatert moron,
f egHer
asseMajesty
M Queen Rama VI had
a royal speech to RAMBHAI pehtgnurKBARNI ygolonh ceT fo ytisreUNIVERSITY
RAJABHAT vinU alagnamInstitute.
ajaR Mat design
is more modern and diverse.
ygolonhcetWhen evitaedeveloping
rc a eb ota sm ia KTof
variety UMpatterns,
R it is applied and developed in
ylgnidrforms
various occa ssuch
ah yas tiswallet.
revinu Ladies
ehT .aiHandbags
sA ni ytisTissue,
revinu pillow, and many other products.
AtdnChanthaburi
a lennosrep rTechnical
uo fo tnemCollegepolevedInvited
eht no Housewife
desucof Housewives Group Weaving
lanoitKhao
Group anretnNoii otreed ngimat
la tand
aht representatives
smulucirruc cifrom medathe
ca provincial industry. Got together
hcrastriped
Two eser ehpattern
t detomisorap turtle
osla pattern.
evah eW Mudmee.sdradpattern
nats this is a great way to satisfy
evitaattending
those erc htiw the ivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
secseminar.
.erutStudy
luc dnona stthe
ra fwisdom
o noitavof reswoven
erp ehtto dndevelop
a ,stpecnsustainable
oc economy In Chanthaburi
dnaliahT f1. o The
noisiproduct
v s’tnemmodel
nrevogmust
eht rbe ednup-to-date.
U This is because the development
of,ythis
tivitaproduct
erc ,ygoisloat
nhthecet consumer.
fo esu eht sThat
ezisais hpamproduct
e taht 0.that
4 must be liked. It is imperative
that
,tnemanufacturers
mpoleved lanseek oitanoutrenovelty
tsof otto nadd oitavariety
vonni todntheir
a new alternatives.
yltnerruc 2.erThe a ew theme,ytiof
libgood
aniatsdesign
us dnisa a ynew tireppattern
sorp all the time is the development
ofdnmodern
a lanoitpatterns
acude eto vitabe
ercdifferent
eht polfromeved the ot original
deraperpand preserve the old pattern and
present
esu ehthe t htdifferences
iw stnedutsinpithe uqepattern.
ot dna smetsys gninrael
evah eW .3. egMarket
delwonkmanagement
fo seigolonhis cetoneevitofavothe
nni processes
fo to generate income for
agriculture.
.tnem4.poProduct
leved laquality
noitan eishtvery
rofseimportant
taudarg tnbecause
eiciforp these products are used to stay
longer than to decay or decay.
5. The source of the product is the heart of the product. If the output is not
available, the source of the product can not be sold. Manufacturers must find sources of
supply that will deliver the ianproduct
itiNtikuSby .rDdepartment
 store, landmark or the community
will lead to increase the value of goods.
5. Summary and Discussion
The wisdom of weaving Chanthanboon Mat is a culture and a long life with
ancestors. This mats culture is a way of life and it is the responsibility of the people in the
community to create their own identity in accordance with Malinowski's theory of structure.
The theory is that the structure and Fuctioal Theary is a system, which consists of parts or
systems that are attached and related all parts and to reflect the other. It must be hurt. The
most popular actress. Society must be structured to function as a society. Every society
must have rules and regulations for members to follow. The society will create for the to
play a vital role in helping the problems of the society. Weaving mats is another important
occupation, of the mats that matter for human beings. Because humans have to sit, sleeping
mats, it is a thing that is close to human. In the past, mats were made for household use
only. But when there is more demand.Commercial production and dissemination of mats to
neighboring villages and societies, we call it a propagation culture that is consistent with as
a cultural divide. It is a factor that drives the way of life of mankind. The human life is a
combination of social and communication. Trade it is a way to absorb the culture that
touches, spreads, and transmits from one society to another.
Weaving the mat is a true folk wisdom. Knowledge of design patterns is
difficult because of the technology has not developed before. It requires creativity and
inherits knowledge from the wisdom of the villagers. The designs are mostly from
natural patterns. From other inventions such as clothing and then developed into a floor
February
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RAJAMANGALA
mat. Striped UNIVERSITY
pillow and tablecloth OF TECHNOLOGY
food is mixed The chain of carsKRUNGTHEP
is a small chain. This
is because of the wisdom of memory. And the adaptation of the villagers until the new
Message
pattern, the mat is considered a truefrom
folk the President
wisdom. This ofis consistent with research by
Thawatchai Nakorn Rajamangala
(1991: 40).University
The folkofwisdom.
Technology The Krungthep
knowledge of the villagers
learned and experienced succession. The direct is Self-directed and indirect experiences
learned from adults. Or knowledge  RMUTK
that aims toAn
cumulatively. be important
a creativeissue technology
in the
universityone.
production of Chanthaburi is the important in Asia.
In theThe
past,university has accordingly
villagers used natural dye
materials such as turmeric red bark focused
blackonfromthe the
development
stump of of theourtreepersonnel
yellow fromand
jackfruit. Purple from mangos teenacademic
shell, etc., curriculums that by
has been replaced align to international
chemical color. This
may cause harm to the environment, standards.
especiallyWethehave
wateralso
sourcepromoted
that is thethe habitat
researchof
aquatic animals. Each dye is reused development,
when used.the academic
Much to beic dumped
services in with
the creative
river is
concepts, and damage.
mostly broken. This causes huge environmental the preservation
For this of arts and
reason, weculture.
would like
to see the development and promotion of theUnder use ofthegovernment’s
natural dye products vision of Thailand
seriously.
4.0 that of
Guidelines for the development emphasizes
Reed Chan the Mat
use of technology,
products creativity,
for sustainable
values and innovation to foster national development,
Pattern development from ordinaryand
prosperity matssustainability,
Developed as we a matare withcurrently
various
designs. Increasingly, it is a development
preparedof to thedevelop
pattern asthewell. In addition,
creative the color
educational is
and
an incentive for consumers as well.learning
In the past, the color
systems and toof equip
the mat is usually
students withused
the only
use
3-4 colors, but now there are manyofcolors. In terms
innovative of style, itofis knowledge.
technologies an importantWe part.have
All
products must be developed to meet the needs
placed of customers.
importance Therefore,
oncultivating products from
accomplished and
Chan, new models should be developed
proficientat all times. What
graduatesfor thetype of product?
national devel And must be
development.
developed to suit and focus on the utility. To development of this. The study of Yala
University. Community product development for export Case Study of in Yala
Province. Community of Tambon Kabang, Kaban District, Yala Province most of the
people work in rubber plantations and orchards. He founded the hat production group.
To create a career beautiful pattern
Also found the most important factors to consider are local significance,
novelty and cost of production, respectively. In addition, this research is in line with
Saksakdi Choti (1985: 6-11), who says that good practice is to take into account the
functions of everyday life and of life. Memorabilia must be material-saving and
investment must be durable, unique and beauty products and styles. It follows
Aristotle's theory of beauty. (Aristotle.-384-322 B.C) Different viewpoints of these
anesthetists. Aesthetic theories have been developed, such as the beauty of object
properties. Beauty is a relative paradigm and the concept of application is that the
application must have the following form: Application is an implementation, not a copy.
The application is a partial implementation of something. The application of one to
adapt. New role to new goals.
Announce contribution
This research needs to be grateful. Village headman Samed Ngam Ban
Samet Ngam Community, leader housewife group art center mat Chanthaburi Technical
College is pleased to thank the Office of Arts and Culture. Dr.Rungnapa Chantrakul,
who led this research.
1801dnalFebruary
Thailand

6. Reference
[1] Akawit Natalang. fo t(1997).

nediserPLocal eht m orf egasof
Wisdom seM
Four Regions : Way of Life
and pThai
ehtgleaning
nurK yProcess eT fo ytisrThammathirat
golonhcSukhothai evinU alagnaOpen
majaRUniversity.
[2] Chanlong Ratanarak. (2002). Family Businery Concept : Exit from
ygolonhcet eCrisis,
vitaercBangkok
a eb ot: Aolison
smia KTPress UMRProduct. 
ylgnidro[3]cca sCholatit
ah ytisreImsamang
vinu ehT and .aisAWisanee
ni ytisrsiltakul.
evinu (1991). Local Wisdom and
dna lennosrepLocal ruo Technology
fo tnempoleand ved eLocal
ht no Academy
desucof Sukhothai Thammathirat Open
lanoitanretni University.
ot ngila taht smulucirruc cimedaca
hcraeser[4]eht Sakorn
detomoKantachot.
rp osla ev(1985).
ah eW Design
.sdradnand
ats Product Developmant, Bangkok,
evitaerc htiwOdian res cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
secivstore.
.erut[5]
luc dnCohen
a stra fMorris
o noitavR.res(1967).
erp eht d“Belief”
na ,stpecEncyclopedia
noc ofScience, Vol l 1973,
dnaliahT fo nFishbein
oisiv s’tneMartin,
mnrevoand gehtAgen,
rednUicek. Belieht , Attitudes . mention and
,ytivitaerc ,ygBehaviorian
olonhcet fo eslntroduction
u eht sezisahptometheory
taht 0and
.4 Research. Addison – Wesley :
,tnempolevedReading
lanoitanMass.
retsof ot noitavonni dna
yltnerru[6]
c eraWilliam
ew ,ytW.ilibaReedr.
niatsus(1974dna) Some
ytirepsoAspects
rp of the lnformal Social
dna lanoitacuParticipation
de evitaerc eofhtform polevFamilies
ed ot dein rapeNew
rp York State Canel University.
esu eht htiw Unpublished
stneduts piuq.H.e oDt dDissertation.
na smetsys gninrael
February
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Conference
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& Cultures in
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Thailand15
Community History ofOF TECHNOLOGY
Pattani KRUNGTHEP
riverside people
MessageRahanee
from the Daoh
President of
Princess Galyani VadhanaofInstitute
of Cultural Studies
Prince of Songkla University,Pattani Campus
Rusamilae RMUTK aimsdistrics
 Sub-district,Muang to be a creative technology
Pattaniuniversity in Asia. The university has accordingly
Province 94000,Thailand
Anneeda57@gmail.com
standards.
AbstractWe have also promoted the research
concepts,
Research on History of Pattani and the
Riverside preservation aofQualitative
Community.Is arts and culture.
Research
The purpose of this study was to study the Under thegovernment’s
knowledge of community vision of of
history Thailand
Pattani
river community. The cultural and4.0 thatvalues
social emphasizes
of the the
areauseareofastechnology, creativity,
follows 7 community
include Sabarang community, Kampong ku community,Ron
and innovation gang Community,
to foster national Pak
development,
Nam Burting TajongCommunity,Pak Nam Burting
prosperity and Hajimae Community,Paknam
sustainability, we are currently Jujor
Danpasi Community. And Jujor Bumae preparedcommunity.
to develop Thetheconcept of the
creative study includes
educational and
community context, community learning
structure.systems
Local and
History Community,
to equip Philosopher,
students with the use
Major Community Person In the past and present
of innovative time sinceoftheknowledge.
technologies Second World War,
We have
the target population was composed of the
placed elderly inoncultivating
importance the community, 7 communities
accomplished and
along the Pattani River. Those who have leadership
proficient rolesthe
graduatesfor in national
the community
devel that are over
development.
30 years old. Youth in the community area. 7 communities at the Pattani Riverside.
People Residents of the 7 communities along the Pattani River.
The study indicated that most riverside communities are associated with
geographic features and physical characteristics. Important person in the community
Plants or trees in the President
community. The community structure
of Rajamangala Universityof is small, about
of Technology 30-40
Krungthep
households, except for some community centers. The lifestyle of Pattani people in the
past is simple. Mainly engaged in fishing Nowadays, it has been transformed by the
changes of the economy and society by the change in the business of trading in the past,
people in popular areas sent their children to study religion in pondoks. Quran is taught
in the community or taught by family members. In the past, there were movies selling
drugs, including Indian films, Thai films, Ma’yong, Dikehulu, and community
management. About 40-50 years ago, they were managed by people in the community.
Especially the senior system, those who have knowledge. It has been widely praised by
local people for their leadership in judging the problems. In the past, the seven
communities were characterized by relatively high affinities. Each of the communities
has a family of about 2-3 families, and has been extended to a family that has lived to
date. The research area of every community has a large archaeological site, such as
mosques, cemeteries, ponchos, antiquities, most of which are collections of each family
or family such as crockery, coffee set. Equipment for fishing.
Keywords :Community History, Knowledge, Pattani Riverside
1. Introduction
Pattani is a region with a long history. Abundance with natural resources,in the
past, this area has a commercial role in Malayu region.A source of knowledge and
prosperity, education with a unique identity. The ancient wisdom of this ancestor in the
Malay area.
1821dnalFebruary
Thailand
PIn
EHthe TGpast,
NURPattani
K YGO LOaNprosperous
was HCET FO trade YTISport.REVTransport
INU ALAby GNriver
AMAandJARsea is
the main route. The Pattani River is considered an important river. And valuable
historical records of economic fo tnrelevance.
ediserP ehtAnd morculture
f egasseMof Pattani. The settlement
community is located pehalong
tgnurK theygPattani eT fo yIttiis
olonhcRiver. sreavcommunity
inU alagnathat
majaisRinvolved in the
history of local history. And the history of events in the area.By talking to the villagers
inygthe
oloarea.
nhcetThe evihistory
taerc aofesuch b ot information
smia KTUM is Rlargely in the form of memories. And the
ylgnof
story idrthe
occaelderly
sah yin tisthe
revicommunity.
nu ehT .aisA Nonwritten
i ytisrevdata inu was recorded. It causes problems
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le ve
today. In the future, if the elderly died, the knowledged e h t n o d e s u cof base on the history of the
lanoitanretnLocal
community. i ot may ngilabetlost,It
ah t s m isunecessary
lucirruc cto imcollect
edaca data. And that knowledge.
hcraeserThe ehresearcher
t detomorselected
p osla 7evcommunities
ah eW .sdralocated dnats along the Pattani River, located
inevAmphoe
itaerc htMuang. res cim
iw secivPattani edaca eIt
Province ht is,tanecommunity
mpoleved that is close to each other along
.erutluc River,
the Pattani dna straItfoisnoregarded
itavreserpasehat dcommunity
na ,stpecnocthat has a role and a historical
dnaliahT fo especially
significance, noisiv s’tnin emthenrevfield
ogehtofredtrading.
nU Major production sites in the area.
,ytivitaercPersons
Historical ,ygolontheyhcetarefo eknowledgeable
su eht sezisahpabout me tahreligion,
t 0.4 sages, communities as well as
important
,tnempoleplacesved lathat noitare
an valuable
retsof oto t nthe
oitacommunity.
vonni dna And people in the area. It is an
important
yltnerruc knowledge
era ew of ,ytthe
ilibacommunity.
niatsus dnThis a ytiresearch
repsorp will be part of the history of the
target
dna communities
lanoitacude einvithe taerPattani
c eht pRiver olevearea.
d ot Itdhas erapbeen
erp distributed to the public both in
and
esuoutehtofhtthe
iw area.
stnedThis
uts pwill
iuqe lead
ot dto na pride
smetsin ysthe gniidentity
nrael of the people in this area. This
leads
evahtoeW the .use
egdeoflwsuch
onk information
fo seigolonhfor cettheevbenefit
itavonnof i fcommunity
o development.
2. Research.tnempAims oleved lanoitan eht rofsetaudarg tneiciforp
1. To study and data collection,local history Knowledge of the community

along the Pattani River side.
2.To study the local
ianhistory
itiNtikuconcern
S.rD with the cultural and social values.
This research project is a qualitative research. The research methodology is as

follows1. Going to Area to discuss, Collect data for the development of basic research
questions. In the first phase is the area of 3 communities, which is the target
community, has set. In order to investigate the problem of the research problem, the
knowledge from the people involved. To develop research issues in this project.2. Study
of data collection. Related Research By studying the documents containing relevant
information on the issue. And the scope is set. The documents contained in the
electronic research library. Documents from various government agencies, including
records of villagers in the target community, are recorded in writing.3. Area survey the
local historical knowledge collection from the knowledgeable, community, senior
People, representative of the local authorities. Organization in target area the
questionnaire was used to collect data. And not involved.
The researcher has set the question scope of research that has been proposed.
Including both participatory observations during the festival and other important
activities of the community, using audio-visual recording to collect such data.4. Group
discussion with target groups, Knowledge of community history to review
information.5. Meeting, summarize, and review information with stakeholders. This
research project is a qualitative research. Monitoring data for reliability is important.
Especially historical data,the researcher has scheduled a meeting to review the data
periodically. Share with the people. This leads to the most accurate data collection.7.
February
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Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
Additional storage spaceUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
issues are incomplete. The researcher KRUNGTHEP
added additional to
collect incomplete data. Also review the information with the knowledge periodically.7.
Summary of data processing Message from the President of
and analysis.
Rajamangala
Area scope1. University
Community alongof Technology Krungthep District,Pattani
Pattani riverside,Muang
Province 7 Communities Include Jujur Danpasi,Parknam Buting hajimae,Buting
Tanjong,KampongKu,Sabarang,and  RMUTKThe
Rong-ang. aimsresearch
to be ateam creative technology
selected seven
communities located along the Pattaniuniversity in Asia.
River, locatedTheinuniversity
Amphoe has accordingly
Muang. Pattani
Province It is a community that is focused
close toon each
the development
other along the of our personnel
Pattani River. and
The
historical significance, especiallyacademic
the trade. curriculums that alignsites
Major production to ininternational
the area.
standards.
Historical Persons they are knowledgeable about Wereligion,
have also
sages,promoted
communities the asresearch
well as
important places that are valuable todevelopment,
the community. the And
people with Prince
in the area.2. creative
of
Songkla University Pattani Campus concepts,
Libraryand4.the preservation
Pattani Provincialof arts and culture.
Public Library 5.
Community Government and other important Underplacesthegovernment’s vision of that
in nearby communities Thailand
relate
to the history of the seven communities.
Content scope1. Knowledge and of local history,
innovation community
to foster nationalalong the Pattani
development,
River,Cover community structure,prosperity
Local history andfrom the telling ofwe
sustainability, elders,villagers
are currently in
the community,Information on theprepared
sages / important
to develop persons and their educational
the creative roles in the past
and
and present communities,Historical socialsystems
learning landmarks in equip
and to the community
students withCovered in
the use
ancient artifacts.2. Community context information.
of innovative 7. Pattani
technologies River community.
Covered in person Community placed structure3. Local oncultivating
importance Wisdom Cover Knowledgeand
accomplished of
knowledge in the community.proficient Traditional medicine
graduatesfor the Ancient healer’s treatment
devel
methods4. Time line of community history from World War II onwards. In the case of
historical age, it is considered to be a pre-World War II community history that may not
cover all aspects of the content as defined.
Population Target1. Elderly in community 7 communities along the Pattani
River. The community has 2 people, total 14 people .2.
President of Rajamangala Universityof Thoseofwho have leadership
Technology roles
Krungthep
in the community from the age of 30 years up to 2 communities, total of 14 people who
have knowledge. Understanding the structure of the community. Include information on
the history of the community at a certain level. 3. Youth in community area, 7
communities along the Pattani River. Total 14 person,it is the responsibility of the
researcher to meet the target groups in the community as well as the important places
and objects. Can be linked. Knowledge in the target community. 4. People Residents of
the Pattani River area with knowledge and historical interest. Use simple sampling.
4. Resultsand Discussion
This Research It is part of the study of the history of the community Located
on the Pattani River, selected 7 communities were studied under the conceptual
framework of the topic. Community context Community structure Local history,
community, philosopher, past and present community this information is a valuable
cultural, social and spiritual information of the local people. Especially the narrative of
the community, not recorded in writing. The research directly related to the historical
knowledge of the community. The target area has no clear documents. There is little
information about economic history. And statistics. Population of the community the
early evidence that some of the data collected by the researcher could be a record of the
events. Situation of community of about 40 years has been recorded by villagers
interested in historical and community information.
1841dnalFebruary
Thailand
PThe
EHTname GNURof K YCommunities:
GOLONHCET theFOresearch
YTISREwas VINU ALAthat
found GNAmost
MAJAofR the
communities in Pattani Rivers were named as the Malayu dialect. Set by geographic
location. Some are planted in fo tthe
nedcommunity.
iserP eht moIn rf addition,
egasseM some communities have
named communities pehbased
tgnuron K ythe onhceT fo ytpatterns
goloccupational isrevinUofallocal
agnam ajaR such as the
residents,
Jujor Bumae community. Malay language means the community is rich with gum trees.
ygolonhcewhich
(Bumae), t evitais erclocated
a eb oin t sfront
mia KofTUthe MRvillage Pattani.
 The Burting Tanyong
ylgnidroccarefers
community sah ytotisthe
reviarea
nu ehwhere
T .aisA theniriverbank.
ytisrevinuThe geographical location of the
dna lennosrSaba
community. ep ruoRang fo tncommunity
empoleved referseht notodethe sucoopposite
f of the Pattani River. In
lanoitanremany
addition, tni ot communities
ngila taht sm uluciseveral
have rruc cimnames,
edaca such as the Burting Wakah
hcraeser ehalso
community, t deknown
tomorpasosBurting
la evahhajimae.
eW .sdThe radnKampong
a ts community is also called
evitaercMuang.
Burting htiw sHas ecivcalled
res cian meimportant
daca eht role ,tnem inpthe
olevcommunity
ed in the past.
.erutPhysical
luc dna scommunity
tra fo noitavthe reseway
rp ehoft dlife
na ,of
stppast
ecnoand
c present riverside communities:
Indnthe
aliapast,
hT ftheo nopeople
isiv s’oftnePattani
mnrevoRiver
geht rside
ednUhave a simple way of life. Mainly engaged
in,ytlocal
ivitaefishing.
rc ,ygoloThe nhcecommunity
t fo esu eht sisezistill
sahpsmall.
me tahtExcept
0.4 in the case of a community
centered
,tnempolon evededucation,
lanoitan religion
retsof oand t noknowledge.
itavonni dnIt a is a large community of 50
households,
yltnerruc esuch ra eas w the,ytiBurting
libaniatsHajimae
us dna Community.
ytirepsorp People have been traveling by
boat.
dna Butlanoinowadays,
tacude evitthe aerc way
eht ofpollife
evedchanges.
ot derapPhysical
erp change in transport Road
construction
esu eht htiwAs stneaduresult,
ts piuqpeople
e ot dnainsmthe etsyPattani
s gninraeRiver
l community have changed.
Resulting
evah eWin.egthe deluse
wonof k frivers.
o seigoAnd
lonhctheet eboat
vitavisonless
ni fotraveled. But there are still some
people
dna dewho hsilparemocstill
ca gnpassers-by
itavitlucnosuch ecnaastropthe
mi past
decalbyp using a ferry. Because of the
distance. .tnItemispaolroute
eved oflanoccupation,
oitan eht rofsuch
setauas dathose
rg tnecrossing
iciforp the Jujor Danpasi to the Jujor
BumaeCommunity. To get to work on a fish factory and a fish market, take a ferry
across the river to visit a relative living on a river. And now there is a new career model
for those living Pattani riverside. Especially those who used to fish. Due to the crisis,
the lack of natural resources ianin the
itiN tiksea.
uS.rAnd
D cost of living higher fuel costs this resulted
in pthe
ehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU aoccupations,
adaptation and creation of new lagnamajaR fonamely,tnediserdriving
P a boat, hiring a
freelance contractor, and so on.In the past, communities living along the Tani River.
There are many forms of living together in a multicultural way. It can be seen from
some communities, including Muslims, Thai Buddhists, Chinese descent, and Chinese
people living together, non-Muslims can communicate in Malay. They can also adapt to
learn local culture in the area. To date, some communities, such as the Jujor Danpasi
community, still have descendants of Thai Buddhists and Chinese descent. And some
people also have a Malay name such as Bunga meaning flower, etc.
Education : In the past, most of the people in the study areas sent their children
to study religion. In order to be able to properly implement the religious principles. If
you want your children to be a teacher or religious leader, they will send you to a higher
level. Which has some pondoks in the area, such as the Pondok Hajimae. In the case of
a child is a woman. They send the Qur'an to the leaders of the community.Some houses
that family leaders have knowledge may teach themselves. Or perhaps to learn more
from the pondok owner wife. To bring knowledge to use in the practice of religious
correctness. They can also be relayed to their children.
Entertainment of the villagers in the community : In the past, there are not
many. Most are about once a year. In the form of a local culture, such as Ma’Yong,
shadow play,Dike Hula, and new style entertainment, such as the Indian movies screen,
Thai movies screen, western movies screen. The drug companies bring to the screen.
There will also be annual events, such as the annual Red Cross, organized annually.
But today's lifestyle changes. The internal and external factors. Entertainment and
recreation styles change with age. More individuality. As seen in the variation in the
February
International
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Rajamangala on Arts
University
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& Cultures in
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185
Thailand15
form RAJAMANGALA
of watching movies,UNIVERSITY
listening to music, OF TECHNOLOGY
watching TV as well KRUNGTHEP
as activities outside
the home, but the status of the person. And the security situation in the area.
Community structure Message from
: in the pastthe Presidentstructure
community of is not very large. Each
community has Rajamangala
about 40 to 50 University
households,of Technology
except for Krungthep
some communities that are
important sources of education. Like a mosque and a trading center. The size of the
extension. In some communities, a small RMUTK number ofaims aboutto20behouseholds
a creativehave technology
failed to
establish a mosque, such as the Jujor university
DanpasiinCommunity.
Asia. The Because
university thehas accordingly
number of men
is not enough to pray Friday, so it is necessary to pray together Friday in the villageand
Burting Hajimae. This integration into academic curriculums
the community is notthat
onlyalign
in the to international
prayer period. It
also includes the ordinances. Andstandards. We have
other traditions also promoted
that require the researchIt
religious knowledge.
also provides education to villagersdevelopment, academic
and youth in the community.In ic services
the past,withthe creative
form of
concepts, andstructure.
government. There is no clear administrative the preservation
One seniorof arts and"Before
said, culture. this
community was a small community, there Under were not thegovernment’s
many people. We vision
liveoftogether
Thailand as
parents. Freely if something happens 4.0 that emphasizes
within the use of We
the community. technology,
will take creativity,
care of
ourselves by using a system of mediocre seniors, such
and innovation to asfoster
a burglar. There development,
national are also some
villagers said. In the past, the punishment
prosperity willandbe sustainability,
severe. This is we especially true for
are currently
cases involving ethics such as adulteryprepared in the community.
to develop the These
creative willeducational
not inform and the
police. But there is a villager to handle. Maybe
learning by bringing
systems them up.
and to equip (Malewith
students adulterer) to
the use
punish by hanging on a tree in the offorest. Theretechnologies
innovative is a penis slash. If you see We
of knowledge. someone,
have
help may be available. If no villager placedis importance
found, it may die because
oncultivating of starvationand
accomplished or
poisoning. The action is considered by thegraduatesfor
proficient people in thethe community. This may be both
devel
contradictory and agreeable. But the purpose is to motivate villagers not to commit acts
of morality and religion.
Information about the past government structure. The villagers ruled
themselves. Most of the villages are not in trouble. Because everyone is different. Make
a living if it really happens, it will notify the police.
President of Rajamangala Universityof Government officials Krungthep
of Technology are close to
the people, but most of them are not. To the question of management by those who are
respected in the community by the same villager. Get that information. This social
status is not very different. There are few who have superior status. Beyond the
religious leaders who care Deal with religion it also provides education to villagers in
the community and villagers in nearby areas. However, in the context of this community
structure. Researchers need to find relevant documents. From the community and state
agencies in the area. There is a pattern of wisdom-based management. It may be
possible that the underlying structure of the latent community may be shared. It may be
divided into different roles. This is interesting, which will be discussed in more detail in
the research results.
Relative system : Relative system The structure is important in Asia. The
southern border provinces are similar. Based on data collected in seven targeted areas,
this study found that the evacuation of people in village communities during the early
stages of community formation. They often migrate into family families in each
community. In the past, the structure of the community in the kinship system. It was
found that some of the pioneering community communities settled in some of the
settlements, with only 4-5 families. And later, these families grew into big families with
many descendants. May be related by marriage between relatives. Or married to the
same village. Later, the expansion of the community increased, resulting in population
density in case some of the descendants did not move to other places. I see that in the
past when people came to the name. The whole village is known as the important
1861dnalFebruary
Thailand
people of PEthe
HTG NURK
village andYGtheOLreputation
ONHCETextends FO YTto ISR EVINU ALvillages.
neighboring AGNAMSome AJARclans
may also be known across the province.
Compare with currentfocommunity
tnediserP econditions.
ht morf egRelative
asseM patterns have changed a
pehtgnurK
lot. Family characteristics areygstill
olonhextant
ceT foin ytissome
revinU alagnamajaR
communities. However, some
populations have been displaced, such as those who have moved from elsewhere by
ygolonhceCareer
marriage. t evitainercthis
a ecommunity.
b ot smia K TUMRin the community
Arrival  of migrant workers.
ylgnidare
These rocthe
ca sadaptations
ah ytisrevinofu theehTcommunity.
.aisA ni ytAnd isrevthere
inu is a huge challenge in keeping
dnkinship
the a lennogenre
srep rintact.
uo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof
lanoitanHistorical
retni ot nsites,
gila archeological
taht smulucirsites, ruc carchaeological
imedaca sites : archaeological sites,
hcramosques.
and eser eht Can detombeorseen
p oslin a all
evahcommunities.
eW .sdradnThis ats is a necessity for all Muslim
evitaerc htiwaccording
communities, secivres to ci m edaelders
the ca ehtof,tntheemcommunity.
poleved The mosque in each of the
.erutluc din
communities nathe
straPattani
fo noitRiver
avreseside
rp eharea
t dnais,slocated
tpecnocon the waterfront. In the past, the
dnaliroute
main ahT fused
o noiwater.
siv s’tnLater
emnron evowhen
geht rtheednUphysical condition of the Pattani River has
,ytivitaercSome
changed. ,ygoloriverside
nhcet fo escommunities
u eht sezisahpare me teroded,
aht 0.4 and some communities have
sediment
,tnempoldeposits.
eved lanCause
oitan soil
retsoerosion
f ot nand oitavNarrow
onni dRiverna walk. The mosque is a main
road
yltntoday.
erruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
dna lanPondok
oitacudein esome
vitaercommunities,
c eht polevedsuch ot as
dethe
rapeBurtingHajimae,
rp about 30 –40 years
ago,
esu canceled
eht htiw sthetnedteaching.
uts piuqe Theot dnlack
a smeof tsysuccessors
s gninrael in teaching and management.
Pondering
evah eW must .egdelbe
woshut
nk fodown.
seigoJust
lonhcleave
et evithe
tavosand
nni fdune
o and family home clusters of
pondok
dna deteachers
hsilpmocwho ca glive
nitain
vitneighboring
lucno ecnatrareas opmitodtheecalpresent.
p
.tnThe
empantiquities
oleved lanofound
itan ehtinrofthesetacommunity.
udarg tneicifoMost rp of them are collections of
descendants that have been inherited from ancestors of grandparents. Antique items can
be found as evidence of the research, including cups, plates, bowls, glasses, glasses,
coffee cups, eyeglasses that local people bought from the Haj festival. Saudi Arabia
Float glass, which is a device ianitiNfortikufishing.
S.rD Kitchen utensils such as pot, jar, grater,
coconut Brass, etc. These are
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU part of thealcollection
agnamajaRoffovillagers
tnediserin
P the area as a villager.
In the case of a status holder Religious educator the collection will have a price. And a
lot more pieces by owner status.
The research project on the history of the Pattani River side community is just
a part of the study of information related to history. Memories of locals in the area. This
is a valuable thing. And the culture of people in the area. In addition, the knowledge
gained will be part of the value that the community, society, and generation. To get to
know the root of their ancestors. Changes occurring from past to present. This will be a
guide for planning future development in the future. It is important that people in the
area and organizations need to learn the fundamentals of living together.
5. Suggestions
1. Further research should be conducted on the history of Pattani river

community by expanding the scope to other communities nearby.
2. Further research should be done in depth. It is divided into relevant issues
such as historical landmarks, narratives from the community, and other related issues.
3. The data should be synthesized. The knowledge obtained in the book. Or
local history curriculum to be used for educational in the area.
4. The information obtained from the research should be disseminated to
relevant agencies in the area. To use the plan to travel.
February
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Thailand15

6. References
[1] Dictionary Message

of Royalfrom the President of
Academy,http://www.royin.go.th/th/board/board-
Rajamangala
content. University of
php?QID=9106:/21 Technology
, Accessed Krungthep
on June 19, 2010.
[2] Knowledge Management. (2010). : http://www.dopa.go.th/iad/km /km_
des. html,Accessed on JuneRMUTK
25, 2010.aims to be a creative technology
[3] Niyapan Wansiri. university in Asia. The university
(2007). Anthropology, Sociologyhasand accordingly
Culture.
focused
Bangkok : Thana Palace. on the development of our personnel and
[4] Prapan Wasunern academic curriculums that align to international
http://www.sema.go.th/files/Content/Social/k4/0035/
standards.
social/ index.html,Accessed We 2010
20 June have also promoted the research
[5] development,
Swing Tanud. (2004).The processtheof academic
ic services
removing knowledge with creative
into social
management. Bangkok concepts, andofthe
: College preservation
Social of arts and culture.
Management.
[6] Virat Virachnipawan. (1987). Under thegovernment’s
Community vision ofKhonkaen
Development, Thailand
University. 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
[7] Wijarn Panich. (2005).
and Knowledge
innovation Management Practitioner.Bangkok:
to foster national development,
Sukjai publisher. prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
devel
1881dnalFebruary
Thailand
P EHTGN
History ofUChinese
RK YGO LONHinCPhranakhon
shrines ET FO YTISSi
RE VINU ALAdowntown
Ayutthaya’s GNAMAJAR
fo tneKomluck
diserP ehtChaiya morf egasseM
peh tgnurK ygoSiAyutthaya
Phranakhon lonhceT fo Rajabhat ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
University
Den_hp@hotmail.com
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehKitthanate T .aisA ni yWiwatchot tisrevinu
dna lennosrep ruo Phranakhon fo tnempolevSiAyutthaya ed eht no Rajabhat desucof University
hcraeser eht detomorp osla evah eAbstract W .sdradnats
.erutShrine
luc dnaappearance
stra fo noitin avPhranakhon
reserp eht dnSi a ,Ayutthaya’s
stpecnoc downtown have related to the
dnaliahofT Chinese
growth fo noisicommunities
v s’tnemnrevaround ogeht rthe ednurban
U area. Today, each shine is so different
,ytivthe
from itaerpast.
c ,ygoMeanwhile
lonhcet fo esome su ehtshines sezisaare hpmabandoned,
e taht 0.4 others have been continuously
,tnempoleto
supported vedbe laannon-profit
oitan retsorganization of ot noitavand onnholdi dnaannual Chinese events until now.
y l t n e rr u c e ra e w , y t i l i b
The research on history of Chinese shrines in Phranakhona n ia t s u s d n a y t ir e psorp Si Ayutthaya’s downtown
d n a l a n o i t a c u d e e v i ta e
finds thatthere were 12 shrines in Phranakhon Sir c e h t p o le v e d o t d er apeAyutthaya’s
rp downtown where was a
esu isle
tiny eht and htiwlocatedstnedutin s pPhranakhon
iuqe ot dna sSi meAyutthaya
tsys gninradistrict,
el Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya
evah eW4.eofgd12
province. elwshrines
onk fo become seigoloncompletely
hcet evitavoabandoned.nni fo The rest is existing shrines
d n a d e h s i l p m o c ca g n i ta v i t l uc n o e c na tr o p m
that are run by a committee board. Their locations are likely along Choaphraya river andi d ec a l p
Pasak river. .tnempMany olevedshrines
lanoitanhave eht robeen fsetaualso
dargfound tneicifin orpHua Raw community, the old
Chinese community. The result also find that the shrine was very important for Thai-
Chinese peoples in the area because it had been supporting their soul as well as society
both in the individual level and community level. For example, an annual event of
making sacrifice for God,iathat nitiN istiheld
kuS.rat Dthe shrine, would help Thai-Chinese peoples
pehtganugood
having rK ygspirit. eT foytisrevinthe
olonhcFurthermore, U ashrine
lagnamhas ajaRbuilt
fo tnthe
edisstrengten
erP community and
connected to others as a cooperation within a province. It leads to work together on
annual events such as a shrine’s celebration and Ayutthaya Chinese New Year.
1. Introduction
Even though Chinese peoples had likely travelled to Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya

since early Ayutthaya Reign, there is obvious evidence on their settlement down here
since 17th Centuries. (William Skinner, 2005) Their traditions have been with them even
beginning a new life. As a result, there were Chinese shrines along their journeys.
According to the late Ayutthaya Reign’s record, there were many Chinese communities
and shrines near markets around Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown. (See Winai
Phongsripean, 2016 : 177 - 132) So the shrine is an essential symbol that could be
identified Chinese peoples since the beginning of settlement in Thailand.
The Chinese communities had collapsed since Ayutthaya Reign fell down in
1767. Chinese peoples and descendants had gone anywhere. Decades later, new Chinese
peoples have settled down in the area again. They have built new Chinese communities
and expand to new commercial zones around the area. Thus, Chinese ethnic group has
an essential role on creating an urban community in the new era of Phranakhon Si
Ayutthaya. Today, there are Chinese communities along with the major markets in
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown. Every single community has established own
shrine as a Chinese community center and then use the shrine for holding Chinese
traditional events and cultural activities as well.
February
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According to conclusion OF TECHNOLOGY
from reviewing literacy aboutKRUNGTHEP
roles and history of
Chinese shrines in Thailand, Chinese pioneers have many reasons for establishing a
Message
shrine. The first one is to be from
a spiritual the President
anchor. of
The immigrants seem to be worry about
new surroundingRajamangala Universitylike
so they need something of Technology
God to rely on. Krungthep
The second reason related
to initial Chinese superstition that every 25 families had has to establish their own
shrine by a donation. Thus, the shrine
 is aRMUTK aimsfortoeveryone,
public place be a creative
not onlytechnology
someone.
university
The third reason is to be a social club. Chinese in peoples
Asia. The woulduniversity
go therehas accordingly
to make a good
relationship with each other that would leads to gain a benefit further. The last one isand
focused on the development of our personnel to
academic
be a charity organization. It has raised curriculums
a fund from membersthat alignto to
in order helpinternational
sufferers in
standards.
the society. The charity organizations We have
are included also Tung
Poh Teck promoted the research
Foundation. (Duan
Li Zheng and BoonyingRaisookkhasiri, development, the academic
2000: 11-14)The ic services
shrine is very with creative
important for
Chinese peoples who have emigrated concepts, and thebecause
to Thailand preservation
it hasof artssupporting
been and culture.their
soul with traditional practices and a close relationship among community’s vision members.
of Thailand In
particular a role on ethnicity, the 4.0 thatwould
shrine emphasizes the use of
keep Chinese technology,
culture creativity,
and tradition for
next generations through annualand traditional events.
innovation to Even
fosterthough Chinese
national pioneers
development,
would assimilate their identities into structure of
prosperity andThaisustainability,
society and then webecome a hybrid
are currently
identity or Thai-Chinese peoples prepared
today, thetoolddevelop
Chinesethe identities
creativewould still be seen
educational and
through the shrine’s events around learning
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s
systems and to equip downtown.
Stephen Tobias who studied on Chinesetechnologies
of innovative peoples in Phranakhon
of knowledge.Si Ayutthaya’s
We have
downtown during 1969 – 1971 describesplaced that there were
importance at least 1,200
oncultivating Chinese families
accomplished and
in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown.
proficient (Tobias, 1971the
graduatesfor : 64) 75 percent
national devel of them come
development.
from Chaozhou, China and earn their lives by a small-scale trading and rice mill
business. Other 12 percent of them come from Hainan and own a sawmill business.
Another 6 percent is Hakka who run a garment business and electronic device business.
However, there are only few Cantonese and Taiwanese so their activities don’t have any
affect on the community. (Tobias, 68 - 69) Tobias’s
President of Rajamangala Universityof study also find that there
of Technology were at
Krungthep
least 14 Chinese groups who had been living nearby the rivers. Unfortunately, it could
be hard to know the exactly number of them because some shrines has been established
by unknown tiny families. (Tobias, 65) Meanwhile there is no official survey about
Chinese shrines in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya yet, Thai-Chinese peoples in Phranakhon
Si Ayutthaya’s downtown could not confirm a total number of shrines as some shrines
are abandoned or so far away. The abandoned shrines still have a role as a historical
record that describes on old Thai-Chinese communities in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya. On
the other hand, many shrines have been supported from the community until now. As a
result, their committee boards can hold annual traditional events.
This article is a part of the research on a shrine and Chinese ethnicity in
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown. The research aims to present a history of
Chinese shrine in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown. It has no information about
amount, background and role of Chinese shrines in the area. The researcher expected
on the result that it might share new knowledge to Thai-Chinese communities in
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya.
2. Objectives
1. To study on history of Chinese shrine and Chinese populations in

Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown
2. To study on the importance of Chinese shrine in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s
downtown
1901dnalFebruary
Thailand

3. Framework
The study is a qualitative fo tnedisresearch erP eht m orf egon

based assanthropology
eM method. It has
p e h t g n u rK y g o l o n h ce
collected data through a documentary research and a fieldwork. The study focuses on T f o y t i sr e v i nU a l a g n am aj aR
Chinese shrines that are located in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya urban area or downtown. It
isyincluded
golonhcetabandoned evitaerc aand ebexisting
ot smiashrines. KTUM R
Furthermore,  it focuses on history, context
y l g n i d r o c c a s a h y t i s r e v i n u e h T . a i sA n
and organization of Chinese shrines. It spends a year, during 2015 - 2016 to have done i y t i s re v i n u
dnresearch.
the a lennosrep ruo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof
4. cMethodology
h raeser eht detomorp osla evah eW .sdradnats
.erutThe luc dstudy
na strauses fo naoitdocumentary
avreserp eht dresearch na ,stpecas noca tool for gathering primary data
dnaliahtoT local
related fo noChinese
isiv s’tnshrines emnrevand ogehChinese
t rednU in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya. Then, every
,ytivitashrine
single erc ,ygin olothenhcearea t fo ehad su ehbeen t sezisurveyed
sahpme tahthrough t 0.4 a fieldwork experience. The
, t n e m p o le v e d la n o i ta n
surveyed data is analyzed and described as ethnography,r e t s o f o t n o i ta v o n n i dna location, physical description,
y l t n e r r u c er a ew ,y t i
history and involvement between Thai-Chinese peoples l i b a n i a t s u s d n a y t i re p s orp and shrine.Besides that, more
d n a la n o i ta c u de e v i t a
data is gathered from board committees of shrine e r c e h t p o le v e d o t d e r a p erp by in-depth interviewing. The
esu eht htiwfrom
information stnethedutsdocumentary
piuqe ot dnaresearch smetsys and gninrfieldwork
ael experience is resorted by
evah eabout
writing W .egethnography
delwonk fo sfollowing eigolonhceresearch t evitavotopics. nni fo Finally, all data is analyzed and
dna interpreted
then dehsilpmocto ca find
gnitaout vitluthe cno conclusion.
ecnatropmi Furthermore, decalp the study follows Ethnic
. t n e m p o le v e d l a n
Boundary Theory of FredrikBarth (1969) to analyzeo i t a n e h t r o f s e ta u d a r g t n eicifaorolerp of shrine on saving an ethnic
boundary.
4. The result
pehtgnThe
urK ystudy
golonfinds oytisthere
hceT fthat revinU alag12
were namChinese
ajaR fo tshrines
nediserParound Phranakhon Si
Ayutthaya’s downtown. They are (1) Chao PorJui Shrine (2) Rail Station Shrine (3)
WatPrasart Shrine (4) Chao Mae Ton Chan Shrine (5) City Pillar Shrine (6) Hua Lam
Shrine (7) Chao MaeTabtim Shrine (8) Pak Nam Mae Bia Shrine (9) Tekka Association
for Moral Shrine (10) PaeNamman Shrine (11) Koh Rain Chai Mill Shrine and (12) Wat
Chin Shrine. More details of each shrine are below;
Figure 1 : Distribution of shrines in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown

February
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RAJAMANGALA
1. Chao PorJuiUNIVERSITY
Shrine OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
Chao PorJui Shrine is at the riverside of Pa Sak River and opposite of
Ayutthaya Rail Station. It isMessage from
also close the President
to Bua Wan alley.of Now, it becomes a dock for a
station. EldersUniversity
ferry to the railRajamangala assume that of the
Technology
shrine had Krungthep
been established since the
reign of King Rama V or early. Jui is a Chinese word and means Chao Por Water
Shrine. It implies on a supernatural power RMUTK
that wouldaimsprotect
to bepeople
a creative
as welltechnology
as water.
The shrine is a house of a male anduniversity in Asia.spirit,
female guardian The called
university
PuenghasThaoaccordingly
Kong Ma
in Chinese. The old house was woody focused on the development
and established of our personnel
by Thai-Taiwanese whom liveand in
Chao Phrom market and Buawan academic alley. It is curriculums
a huge and dense that Chinese
align tocommunity.
internationalIn
2007, it has been renovated to be standards.
bigger and Wemodern.
have also promoted
The shrine the run
is now research
by a
committee and strengthen. It holdsdevelopment,
annual Chinese the traditional
academic ic events
servicessuch
with
as creative
Chinese
New Year and become Chao PorJuiconcepts, and the
Thai-Chinese preservation
Commerce of arts and culture.
Association.
2. Rail Station Shrine Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
Rail Station Shrine is4.0atthat
the emphasizes
riverside of the use River,
Pa Sak of technology, creativity,
near a ferry’s dock
and opposite of Chao PorJui Shrine. andIt isinnovation
surrounded to by shops
foster and Thai-Chinese
national houses.
development,
The shrine was established in 1903 when is inand
prosperity the Reign of King Rama
sustainability, we are V. (Quoted in
currently
Tobias, 1971 : 67). In 1967, it hasprepared
been renovated
to developin Chinese style and
the creative decorated with
educational and
Chinese traditional paintings. There is a committee
learning systems and whotoresponsible for handling
equip students with the with
use
the shrine’s activities. It hosts annual Chinese traditional
of innovative eventsofand
technologies works together
knowledge. with
We have
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Shrine Network in order to hold
placed importance annual Chinese
oncultivating New Year.and
accomplished
3. WatPrasart Shrineproficient graduatesfor the national development.devel
WatPrasart Shrine is a part of Prasart temple that is on U-Thong road and
near Pa Sak River. It used to be Thai-Chinese housing zone. Unfortunately, the houses
were destroyed by a fire in 1955. Thus, Thai-Chinesepeoples had established a building
as Pueng Thao Kong Ma Shrine instead of houses a couple years later. They hope it
would bring a good luck for them. Moreover, they
President of Rajamangala Universityof had moved a practiceKrungthep
of Technology from other
shrines, including Chao Mae Ton Chan Shrine, Chao PorJui Shrine and Chao
MaeTabtim Shrine, to the new shrine. There is a committee for handling with many
activities such as holding Chinese Opera. Today, the temple and the shrine are
surrounded by a huge Thai-Chinese community and shops.
4. Chao Mae Ton Chan Shrine
Chao Mae Ton Chan Shrine might be established in the Reign of Rama
V. The original Chao Mae Ton Chan Shrine was a tiny shrine that was a riverside of
City canal. Many Chinese merchants, who had owned the floating shops in the area,
paid a respect the shrine. Ton Chan means a kind of a big tree. It had grown up right
there so people called the shrine following the tree. Anyway, it was cut down when the
shrine was renovated. In 1917, Crown Property Bureau,who owns all downtown’s land,
has renovated the area and built a dam to avoid a flood. As a result, the shrine was
moved to another side of the canal, near Mae Nang Pluem Temple. However, it had to
be back at the same area because people believed that shifting a location of the shrine
would bring them a bad luck, including a failure of a dam construction. (Committee of
Old City Chinese New Year, 2009 : 24)
At the present, the shrine has been renovated as a gaint Chinese Building and
located at the end of Hua Raw market where is the most dense populations of Thai-
Chinese in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown. Meanwhile there is only a female
guardian spiritin the shrin, others have both a male and female guardian spirit. The
shrine committee holds an annual celebrating event and Chinese opera twice a year.
1921dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEH1.TCity
GNUPillarRK Y GOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Shrine
The City Pillar Shrine is a tiny shrine, located in downtown and opposite
of Kudeethong temple. The original fo tnedishrine
serP ehist mwooden
orf egasandseMlater has been renovated
several times. Today, pehittgbecomes
nurK ygaolcement fo ytisThe
onhceTshrine. revifollowers
nU alagnahavemajrespected
aR a sacred
wood pad within the shrine even there is no a guardian spirit there. It has also a 3 meters
ygolopillar
stone nhcetinevwhich
itaerc isa more
eb othan
t sm100ia Kyears
TUMold,R in front  of the shrine but there is no
ylgnidabout
record rocca itssahhistory.
ytisrevCity
inu ePillar
hT .aShrine
isA ni hasytisnorevianucommittee just like others. People
dna lethe
nearby nnoshrine
srep rhaveuo fodevoted
tnempothemselves
leved eht ntoo look desuafter
cof the shrine. Even though it looks
lanoanitaabandoned
like nretni ot shrine,
ngila tThai
aht sChinese
muluciralways
ruc cimpay edaacarespect the shrine. More than that,
itshcjoss
raesstick
er ehpott dhasetom orp showed
been osla ein vahChinese
eW .sNewdradYear
nats parade.
evitaerc h2. tiwHuasecLaem cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
ivres Shrine
.erutluc dnHua a strLaem
a fo noShrine
itavresiseralong
p eht dwith
na ,sChaophrava
tpecnoc River, near Suriyothai Statue
dnawest
and liahToffodowntown.It
noisiv s’tnehas mnalso
revogbeen
eht rin
edanUChinese community and Hua Laem market.
,ytivinitial
The itaerc shrine
,ygolonwas hcetafotinyesuwooden
eht sezibuilding.
sahpme taLater,
ht 0.4 it was damaged from a flood in
1995.
,tnemThus,
poleveThai-Chinese
d lanoitan repeoples tsof othad noibuilt
tavonaninew dnaone as Chinese style building in
1998.
yltnerMoreover,
ruc era there ew ,is ytialibcommittee
aniatsus who dna isytresponsible
irepsorp for handling with the shrine’s
activities
dna lanosuch itacuasdeaneannual
vitaerc the ehtshrine’s
polevecelebration
d ot derapevent.
erp
esu eht hti3. w Chao
stnedMaeuts pTabtim
iuqe ot Shrine
dna smetsys gninrael
evah eW .egdChao elwoMaenk foTabtimseigoloornhShui
cet eWei
vitavNiang
onni fino Chinese is called for a shrine of
Hainan
dna deChinese
hsilpmocommunity.
cca gnitavitlThe ucnoshrine
ecnatisroapmpart
i dofecaPu
lp Ji Tang Vegetarian House that is
a City .Canal’s
tnempoleriverside
ved lanoitand an ehopposite
t rofsetauofdaHua
rg tneRaw
iciformarket.
p Pu Ji Tang is the first
vegetarian house that had built in the reign of King Rama V. Later, it is hidden because
of dense buildings. Besides that it was too tiny to hold any event. As a result, it was
moved to new area, near PridiThamrong Bridge. The current land, which is larger,
belongs to Hainan association ianitiin
NtPhranakhon
ikuS.rD Si Ayutthaya. There is Chao Mae Tabtim,
a Chinese
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevininthe
female guardian spirit, U abig
lagnbuilding.
amajaR foThe tneshrine
diserP is run by a committee
and Thai-Hainan Chinese. An important event of the shrine is an annual celebration
event. There is also a Chinese parade and Chinese performances in every three years.
4. Pak Nam Mae Bia Shrine
Pak Nam Mae Bia Shrine is a Chaophraya riverbank, close to
Phananchoeng temple and opposite of Bang Kaja community. It has been a settlement
of Chinese since Ayutthaya Period. They have built the shrine and name as Lao
PeungThoa Kong that means an old male guardian spirit. There is no record on shrine’s
establishing, it has only a photograph of the old wooden building though. In 1985, the
shrine committee had built a cement building with Chinese style. In fact that there is no
Chinese community nearby the shrine so the committee comes from other communities.
Their responsibilities are included operating the shrine and holding an annual
celebrating event.
5. Tekka Shrine
Tekka means a moral saint. Thus, the shrine’s name follows the saint. It
is at the Bang Eian Road and close to Maramriang canal. The shrine is a house of Jade
Emperor, Jigong and Kuan Yin. It had been temporarily built at Koh Loy community in
1977. Five years later, the official shrine building and office has built. Today, there is
the Saint Association for Moral for operating shrine’s activities. The association also
connects to other Tekka associations across the country. It holds annual events such as a
basket donation festival and vegetarian festival.
February
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Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
6. Pae Namman UNIVERSITY
Shrine OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
Pae Namman means a Gas station that is a raft. It relates to the location
of the shrine where used to Message from
be a floating the President
market. It is at anofestuary of the Hua Raw canal
that ChaophrayaRajamangala
River convergesUniversity of Technology
with Lopburi River and Krungthep
opposite of Mondop temple.
It was built near the gas station raft, called Pae Buang Nguang.The shrine is a wooden
building. Its shape is just like a house. RMUTK
The floatingaimsmarket
to behad a creative
been gone technology
since 40
years ago because people has been university
using ainroad
Asia.instead
The university
of sailing. hasNow,
accordingly
it is an
abandoned shrine with some wastes. There are a community behind the shrine. of our personnel and
7. Kohrianchai Mill Shrine
standards.
Kohrianchai Mill Shrine We have also
is unwell-known promoted
and become the research
an abandon for a
while. It is an old shrine that development,
is a part the ofacademic
an icabandoned
services withmill,creative
called
KohchairianKarnkaset. The mill concepts, and theriverside
is at Lopburi’s preservationand of arts andofculture.
opposite Mahalok
temple, Tongpu temple and Koh Loy community. Under thegovernment’s
The mill closed vision of Thailand
many decades ago
4.0 that emphasizes
because the business collapsed. However, the use
it is the place forofholding
annual Basket
Donation Festival of Chao Mae Ton andChan Shrine’s followers.
innovation to foster It national
is a greendevelopment,
and red color
wooden building. Its scale is aboutprosperity
3m x 4m. Itandhas sustainability,
a banner of a Chinesewe are writing label
currently
as a guardian spirit or Sern, hanging on the to
prepared wall. There is
develop thealso a tiny house
creative of another
educational and
guardian spirit in front of the mainlearning
building.systems and to equip students with the use
8. Wat Chin Shrine of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
Wat Chin Shrine becomes
placed an abandon. oncultivating
importance Actually, it hasaccomplished
no name but andit is
next to Horrattanachai temple or Wat Chin.
proficient Today, itthecan
graduatesfor be only
national reach by a boat
devel
development.
because there is no any road and blocked by constructions. Thus, it is hidden shrine
along Pasak River. The shrine is an old wooden Thai house that is very messy.
However, its joss stick pot would be performed in Chinese New Year Parade as same as
others. Dr.SukitNitinai
Table 1: Chinese shrines in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown (updated 2016)
Building’s
Shrines Location Administration
style
1. Chao Por Jui Pasak riverside, at Buawan Association Chinese
alley
2. Rail Station Pasak riverside, near a rail Shrine Chinese
station Committee
3. Wat Prasart Pasak riverside, in Prasart Shrine Chinese
temple Committee
4. Chao Mae Ton City Canal riverside, in Shrine Chinese
Chan Hua Raw market Committee
5. City Pillar City Canal riverside, Abandoned Tiny cement
opposite of Kudeethong
temple
6. Hua Lam Chaophraya riverside, in Shrine Chinese
Hua Lam community Committee
7. Chao Mae Tabtim Near Pridi Thumrong Association Chinese
Bridge, opposite of
District Office
8. Pak Nam Mae Bia Pasak riverside, next to Shrine Chinese
Phananchoeng temple Committee
1941dnalFebruary
Thailand
February 15-17,
Table 1 PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
fo tnediserP eht morf egasseM Building’s

Shrines pehtgnurK ygoLocation lonhceT fo ytisrevinAdministration
U alagnamajaR style
9. Tekka Bang Eian road Association Chinese
Committee
y lg n i d r o
10. Pae Nammancc a sa h y t i sre v i n u e hT .a i sA n
Hua Raw canal, oppositei y t i sre v i n u Abandoned Tiny
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnofem polevedtemple
Mondop eht no desucof wooden
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smulucirruc cimedaca building
h craKohrianchai
11. eser eht deMill tomorpAbandonedosla evahMill, eW close
.sdrato dnats Abandoned Tiny
evitaerc htiw secivres Mahalok cimedacatempleeht ,tnempoleved wooden
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserp eht dna ,stpecnoc building
dnaWat
12. liahTChin fo noisiv s’tnePasak mnrevriverside,
ogeht rednearnU Wat Abandoned Tiny
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet foChin esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4 wooden
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna building
Figure 1 : Abandoned shrines in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown
Figure22 : Current shrines in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown
5. Conclusion
There are 12 Chinese shrines in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown

including official
cial shrines and abandoned shrines.
shrines Thai-Chinese
Chinese peoples in the area
rarely knows the information about amount of shrines because some shrines have been
abandoned for a while. committee it leads to
while While the shrines that have own a committee,
relationship between Chinese
Ch peoples and the shrines. As a result, the shrine has a role
February
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RAJAMANGALA
on conservation UNIVERSITY
of Chinese traditions and OFtransfers
TECHNOLOGYthem to next KRUNGTHEP
generations. To be
concluded, the shrines are essential on Ethnic Boundary Theory of FredrikBarth.
Even though it Message
can’t befromfindtheoutPresident of
an exactly time of each shrine’s
establishments, itRajamangala
can be assumed University of Technology
from concentration of theKrungthep
shrine that many shrines are
along Pasakriver, particularly in Hua Raw market. Ancient Chinese peoples had been
lived in rafts around the market and RMUTK
 established aims tosuch
the shrines be as a Chao
creative
Maetechnology
Ton Chan
Shrine, Chao Mae Tabtim Shrine,university
PaeNamman in Asia.
ShrineThe
anduniversity
Kohrianchai has Mill
accordingly
Shrine.
Furthermore, Chao PorJui Shrine, WatPrasart Shrine and Rail Station Shrine are onand
focused on the development of our personnel the
route to the market. Thai government academic
had had curriculums
a policy on that aligndevelopment
a land to international
since
1932. As a result, Chinese peoples standards.
have settledWe down
have in also
thepromoted the research
land and expanded the
communities along new roads. (Seedevelopment, the academic
detail in Pat Tangpan, ic :services
2009 127 - 128)with creative
Finally, the
shrines that are along the rivers concepts,
becomeand the preservation
abandoned including of arts andPill
City culture.
Shrine,
PaeNamman Shrine, Kohrianchai Mill Shrine Under
and thegovernment’s
Wat Chin Shrine.vision Someofshrines
Thailand
had
been moved to other areas such as 4.0 Huathat
Lam emphasizes
Shrine andthe use Mae
Chao of technology, creativity,
Tabtim. Others have
been renovated following expanding andof the city.
In the past, the shrines were tiny and built
prosperity and from wood. Theirwelocations
sustainability, are near
are currently
Chinese floating communities. When the communities
prepared to develop have settled down
the creative in the land.
educational and
The shrines are still a center oflearning
the communities
systems and andto aequip
soul students
shelter of followers.
with the use
Moreover, they support a social combination
of innovative of Chinese community.
technologies It might be
of knowledge. Wea result
have
of easing a tough regulation on Chinese
placedpeoples in theoncultivating
importance kingdom afteraccomplished
World War II.and So
Chinese peoples can set up a non-organization and choose
proficient graduatesfor a committee
the national devel for handling
development.
with the shrine’s activities. The committee is also responsible for holding Chinese
tradition events. Some big shrines can be upgraded to be an association that has more
roles including coordinating with a private company and the government. At the
present, the shrine houses are more stable with Dr.SukitNitinai
Chinese styles for holding a large event.
A cooperation President
of the Chinese
of Rajamangalahas
shrines created of
Universityof a Technology
social network of Thai-
Krungthep
Chinese peoples in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya. Each shrine is connected through a
traditional role as they have worked together to hold Chinese festivals. For example,
their representative would be a part of team for holding annual celebration event of
Phananchoeng temple. Anyway, it was dismissed in 1997 after the temple’s leader has
changed. Moreover, they have worked together under Thai-Chinese Cultural
Association to hold Chinese New Year festival in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya since 2007.
It is the biggest Chinese traditional celebration with a parade of joss stick pots from
every shrine in downtown. All of this indicates that the identity and relationship of
Thai-Chinese peoples are still strong and connect each other until now.
6. Suggestions
1. It should study on a location of Chinese shrine by following Ayutthaya

historical record because it will make more obvious about Chinese communities in the
past.
2. It should study a shrine by emphasizing each shrine as a case study. It
would help to understand a relationship between Chinese community and the shines in
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya’s downtown.
1961dnalFebruary
Thailand

7. Reference
[1] Chinese New Year fo tneFestival

diserP ehcommittee.
t morf ega(2009).
sseM Momorial of the third
pehtNew
Chinese gnurK ygoFestival.
Year lonhceT(No fo yprinting
tisrevinhouse)
U alagnamajaR
[2] G. Wlliam. Skinner (2005). Chinese Society in Thailand. Bangkok:
ygolonhcet eTextbook
vitaerc a Foundation,Thammasart
eb ot smia KTUMR University. 
ylgnidro[3]
cca sDuan
ah ytiLisrevZheng
inu ehandT .aBoonyingRaisookkhasiri.
isA ni ytisrevinu (2000). Chinese temple
dna lennosrepand rushrineshistory
o fo tnempoleinveThailand.
d eht no Bangkok:
desucof Songsiam.
lanoitan[4]
retni Pat
ot Thangpan.
ngila taht sm(2012).
ulucirrucUrban
cimeddevelopment
aca and Preservation of
hcraeser eht archaeological
detomorp oslasites evahin eW .sdradnatsSi Ayutthaya’s downtown and
Phranakhon
evitaerc htiwboundary cimeda1939
secivres during ca eh–t 2001.
,tnemMaster
polevedof Art (History) Srinakharinwirot
.erutluc dnUniversity.
dnaliahT [5]fo nWinai
oisiv sPhongsripian.
’tnemnrevogeh(2016).
t rednUAyothaya Si Rama Thep Nakhon Baworn
,ytivitaerc ,ygThawarawadee
olonhcet fo esu: eThe ht sememory
zisahpmof e tSiam
aht 0.4Part 2. Bangkok: E.T. Publishing.
,tnempo[6]levedChao
lanoPorJui
itan reShrine
tsof oAssociation.
t noitavonni(2005).
dna Paper from Ceremony of Chao
yltnerruc eraPorJui ew Thai-Chinese
,ytilibaniatsuAssociation
s dna ytirBuilding
epsorp Opening.
dna lan[7]oitacuBarth,
de eviFredrik.
taerc eht (1969).
polevedEthnic
ot dergroup
aperp and boundaries : The Social
esu eht htiw Organization
stneduts piuqof e oCulture
t dna sm Difference.
etsys gninBoston:
rael Little Brown, 9-38.
evah eW [8].egdTobias
elwonkStephen.
fo seigo(1971).
lonhcet “The
evitavChinese
onni fo in Ayutthaya.” Social Journal :
dna dehsilpmSpecial
occa gnedition
itavitlucnono eacnprimary
atropmi research.
decalp Bangkok: Social Research
.tnempoInstitutue,
leved lanoChulalongkorn
itan eht rofsetauUniversity.
darg tneiciforp
February
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University
& Cultures in
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Thailand15
Folk Wisdom OF TECHNOLOGY
of WovenFabrics KRUNGTHEP
: Creation of Dress–Shoe
MessageYudee
Thong-on
NakonSawanRajabhat of Technology
University, Nakonsawan,Krungthep
Thailand, 60000
yudee24@hotmail.com
Rungruttikarn inMoungmai
university Asia. The university has accordingly
focused on the
NakonSawanRajabhat University, Nakonsawan, development of our
Thailand, personnel and
60000
r.moungmai@gmail.com
development,
Abstract the academic ic services with creative
The purpose of this paper is to studyUnder thegovernment’s
the woven visionPha
fabrics of Baan of Tung
Thailand
and
4.0 that
to develop the remaining woven fabric emphasizes
from the useofofcommunity
the production technology, creativity,
products for
dress-shoe creating. The study isandnot only from textbooks
innovation to fosterbutnational
also investigates and
development,
interviews for gathering evidencesprosperity
and photos.and An area of the studywe
sustainability, is Baan
are Pha Tung
currently
Ancient Motif Fabric Center, Baanprepared
Rai district, UthaiThani
to develop theprovince.
creative The results found
educational and
an innovation of dress-shoe wherelearning
is a combination
systems and of to
weaving and leather
equip students withmaterials.
the use
Although the remaining rags are of only small patterns,
innovative it becomes
technologies a new product
of knowledge. after
We have
combined with leather materials. This
placedproduct is a unique
importance pattern and
oncultivating design where
accomplished is
and
different from traditional products. It alsograduatesfor
proficient brings modern technology
the national develto help create a
development.
more universal product. A new innovation is a combination of Thai wisdom and new
international standard technology. Furthermore, Thai fabric will be widely well known
and can be used commercially.
Keywords:folk wisdom, teen jok weaving, dress-shoe
1. Introduction
People convey their knowledges gained from experience, ancestral inheritance

and by word of mouth. The transmission is forwarded from one generation to the next
and leads to culture where each locality may have different factors and environments.
This is called “folk wisdom”. This wisdom is based on the traditions, way of life,
religious beliefs and livelihoods, as well as the arts and sciences. Hence, it is possible to
say that wisdom is the basis of the profession and is the foundation for development. It
begins with the development of self-reliance, the development of mutual dependence,
and the development of the integration of international knowledge on traditional
knowledge where is to create a new wisdom that suits the era. As the world economy
grows, the influence of modern technology plays an important role and intervenes the
being of Thai society. The community has been developed and transformed along with
modern society. Our local wisdom has also been changed. All these knowledge, when
not performed successively, will disappear. Thai people also lack confidence in the
knowledge of the existing wisdom. Also, we have lost a number, is not small, of
intellectual property rights. Foreigners have travelled to study and collect data in
Thailand. Then, they proceeded to take intellectual property rights back to their own
country. In addition, the lack of confidence in the wisdom of the Thai people caused an
interruption of a new wisdom creation that is unfortunately.
From the story of Baan Pha Tung villagers in Baan Rai district, UthaiThani
province, traditional weaving has been inherited for more than two hundred years. The
1981dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGare
woven fabrics NUindigenous
RK YGOLwisdom ONHCEthat T Fcan
O Ypreserve
TISREVthe INUuniqueness
ALAGNAof MAtraditional
JAR
weaving, both delicate patterns and colorful fabrics. These colours are dyed with natural
materials. As a result, the textiles fo tnhave
edisedifferent
rP eht mqualities
orf egassand
eM values. Currently, besides
weaving for household pehtguse,
nurK theygvillagers
olonhceT fo yalso
have tisreformed
vinU alaggroup
namajofaRBaan Pha Tung
woven fabrics. The group aims to preserve the ancient weaving arts and to generate
ygolonfor
income hcethe
t evvillagers
itaerc a by ebcreating
ot smiaproducts
KTUMand R services  on the foundations of art and
ylgnidroofccThai
wisdom a sahculture.
ytisrevThis
inu isehaTselling
.aisA point
ni ytifor
srevwoven
inu fabrics and can meet the needs
ofdnmiddle-market-oriented
a lennosrep ruo fo tneconsumers mpoleved till ehtthenoupper-tier-market.
desucof
lanoitanColours
retni otcomposition
ngila taht and smupatterns
lucirrucofcBaan
imedaPhaca Tung woven fabrics are unique.
hcrais,
That esethe
r ehcolours
t detom orpconservative
are osla evah which eW .sisdrflashy
adnats and reversed such as red-yellow
eviorange-green.
and taerc htiw secThey cimthat
ivressaid edacthese
a ehtcolours
,tnempareolebeautiful
ved and worthy of conservation.
.erutluclocal
To develop dna swoven
tra fo nfabrics
oitavresinto
erp aehpopular
t dna ,stcommodity
pecnoc for the urban people and the
dnaliamarket,
fabric hT fo nthe oisicolours
v s’tnem nrevognot
should eht be
redshowy
nU and use dyed fibers with chemicals. It
,ytivitabe
should ercsoft,
,ygollight
onhceort fsweet
o esu ecolours,
ht sezisaalso
hpmeknown
taht 0.4as "pastel", and the woven fibers
should
,tnempbe oledyed
ved with
lanoitnatural
an retscolor.
of ot Hence,
noitavotonnplease
i dna buyers with different tastes and
preferences,
yltnerruc eitrais necessary
ew ,ytilito banproduce
iatsus two dna types
ytireof
psowoven
rp fabrics. One is "Folk pattern"
which
dna lis ancolorful
oitacudeand evilively.
taerc eThe ht pother
oleveisd "development
ot deraperp pattern" which is soft, mole or
sober
esu ecolours.
ht htiw The stnedbasic
uts pipattern
uqe ot of dnwoven
a smetscanys gbenindivided
rael into two types that are single
stripes,
evah esuchW .eas gdelay
lwokab
nk and
fo selay
igonakh,
lonhceandt evmixed
itavonnpatterns
i fo which are blended by at least
two
dnasingle
dehsistripes
lpmoccsucha gnasitalay
vitlta
uchelwhor
no ecnatand ropm lay
i dkhangkratae.
ecalp
.tnThe
empproject
oleved oflanaostudy
itan ehand
t rodevelopment
fsetaudarg tneof iciBaan
forp PhaTung Weaving Group was
supported by community development organization, UthaiThani province. The study
revealed that this group has been grouped since 1995 and "Phathang Village Ancient
Weaving Cloth Center" was established in 2002. This center exhibits and sells woven
fabrics of the group members. ianitiN Thetikufabrics
S.rD are also made into a variety of products as
shown
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU a“bedding
in Figure 1. The product, name lagnamajset aR before
fo tnedmarriage”,
iserP was awarded by
UNESCO. An ancient Thai woman who is going to married will have to do by hand
from spinning to weaving. Then, she has to bring it to the mother of the lover to
consider whether to adopt a daughter-in-law or not. A criterion of this is the exquisite
and beauty of the craft. This tradition has long been preserved. In addition, the fabrics
also used to cut into women's dresses, men's dresses, scarves, loincloths and bags.
Figure 1 : products of Baan Pha Tung woven fabrics
From the past human civilization, many people mentioned the story of shoes in
many ways for example the style of beauty, shoes with habit, shoes with the zodiac and
shoes with arts. Some shoes are not only costumes but they are also symbols of status
indicator, power, elegance, feelings and desires in the human society. Shoes can reflect
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RAJAMANGALA
the pattern of an era fromUNIVERSITY
the decoration OFofTECHNOLOGY
shoes, motifs andKRUNGTHEP
materials. These are
influenced by the art of the era. Wearing a shoe is like wearing a social symbol and it
still be meaningful to theMessage
wearer. from the President
This also demonstratesof the power class, victory,
equality, freedomRajamangala
and etc. University of Technology Krungthep
As it can be seen from the Figure 2 that there are some fragments of woven
 pattern,RMUTK
fabric left. Although it is a little it has a aims
delicateto procedure.
be a creative That technology
is the true
value that should be kept. Due touniversity
weaving in is aAsia.
workThe university
of art has accordingly
that requires effort and
patience. It has also been inherited for a long time and can be said to be a valuable personnel and
cultural heritage. For this reason,academic curriculums
the project's creators that align totointernational
are inspired create new
products from Thai woven fabric arts.standards. We have
In this study, we arealso promoted
interested the research
in presenting Thai
through hand-woven fabrics and createdevelopment,
as shoesby the combining
academic ic the
services with
existing creative
fabric with
leather. Then, it is made of highconcepts,
quality andand still
the preservation
maintains the of uniqueness
arts and culture.
of Thai
fabrics. In addition, the selection of woven Under
and thegovernment’s
leather fabrics is vision of Thailand
determined by the
color consistency and the ease of 4.0 that emphasizes
cleaning. Traditional theThai
use of technology,
woven fabric iscreativity,
used for
fashion leather shoes. It will stimulate
and people's interest
innovation to and become
foster a global
national market.
development,
devel
Figure 2 : remaining Baan Pha Tung woven fabric
Shoe manufacturing process

The project was assisted and supported by ManoromFootware Co., Ltd. 225
Moo 3, Kung Sampao, Manorom district, Chainat province. A master of dress-shoe was
made at the company. Moreover, the members also have the opportunity to learn and
work on handmade casual shoes.
To provide the master of dress-shoe, the theme of shoes is first studied
including its shape. Then, shoe pattern are designed. Next, the properties of the
materials used are considered and prepare raw materials as shown in Figure 3. After that
a pattern is created and take pieces of work to the sewing as shown in Figure 4.The
process ends with the importation of the shoe assembly process as it was
designed.Industrial dress - shoes and handmade casual shoes are shown in Figure 5 and
6 respectively.
2001dnalFebruary
Thailand


Figure 3 : shoes’ raw materials
dn(a)
a dcutting
ehsilpmprocedure
occa gnitavitlucno(b)esewing
cnatropmprocedure
i decalp (c) assembly procedure
Figure 4 : the process of industrial dress-shoe
To produce good footwear, the process requires a manual to control the

quality of the products, correct
ianitisizes
Ntikuand
S.rDbeautiful
 as the needs of customers.
Figure 5 :industrial woven fabrics dress – shoes
Figure 6 : handmade casual shoes

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2. Conclusion
Woven fabrics areMessage

useful in from
dailythelife
President
because of they are used in apparel and
garment. This isRajamangala University
one of the four important of Technology
factors of human Krungthep
life. Therefore, woven
fabric should be developed to suit the age. A study of woven fabric and Thai lifestyle
aims to study the process of producing,
 RMUTK
colours aims to be aofcreative
and patterns technology
the fabrics. It also
university
includes the uses of the scrap residue from theinsewing
Asia. community
The university has accordingly
products. In addition
focused
to the use of the fabric to create casual on theshoes,
handmade development
they can of
alsoour
be personnel and
developed into
dress shoes produced by industrialacademic curriculums
system. Moreover, this that
studyalign to international
will help preserve the
wisdom of the weaving culture which standards. We have
is the identity also Pha
of Baan promoted
Tung woventhe research
fabrics,
development,
Baan Rai district, UthaiThani province. The woven the academic
fabrics icareservices
important with
to creative
the way
people live. The fabric also reflectsconcepts,
the wayand ofthelife
preservation of arts and
of Thai society culture.
as well as the
relationship between traditions and rituals from Underbirth
thegovernment’s vision Thai
to death. Therefore, of Thailand
textiles
should be preserved from the public 4.0 that
and emphasizes
private sectors.the use
Thisofwill
technology,
allow thecreativity,
weaving
culture remain with Thailand and the andnext generation.to foster national development,
innovation
3. Acknowledgement prepared to develop the creative educational and
The data evaluated in thisofpaper was collected
innovative from Baan
technologies Pha Tung village
of knowledge. We haveand
Phathang Village Ancient Weaving Clothimportance
placed Center, UthaiThani
oncultivatingprovince. The products
accomplished and
displayed in this study was alsoproficient
supported by ManoromFootware
graduatesfor Co., Ltd., Chainat
devel
province.
4. References
[1] IntegratedPresident
Management
of Rajamangala(2004).
Project. Environment,
Universityof Technology
of Technology and
Krungthep
Life. Kasetsart University. Bangkok.
[2] Prani Tantayanubut. (2007). Phumpanya Thai. Dhurakij Pundit
University. Bangkok.
[3] Theraphan Luangthongkum. (2016). Hand woven fabrics of Thai-Lao
ethnic group and Karen Pau Baan Rai district, UthaiThani province.
Printing of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
[4] Tonglee Kontha. (2016). Background of Baan Pha Tung Weaving
Group, Baan Rai district, UthaiThani province. Interviewed on 2nd March
2016.
[5] Thailand Creative and Design Center. (2013). Portraits of Shoe- Stories
of Feet.[online]source: http://www.tcdc.or.th/articles/design-creativity/
8808
2021dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTG
Traditional NUR
food inKrelation
YGOLO toNthe
HCway
ET F
ofOlife
YTand
ISRculture
EVINUinAPrajan
LAGNA MAJAR
community
fo tNipatimah
nediserP ehHajihama
t morf egasseM
pehtgnGalyani
Princess urK ygoVadhana fo ytisreof
lonhceT Institute vinCultural
U alagnStudies
amajaR
Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus
ygolonhcet evitaerc a Rusamilae
eb ot smiSub-district,
a KTUMR Muang districs 
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinPattani
u ehT Province
.aisA ni y94000,
tisreviThailand
nu
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht sm ulucirRattanamanee
Prasit ruc cimedaca
hcraeser eht dPrincess
etomorp Galyani
osla evVadhana
ah eW Institute
.sdradnaofts Cultural Studies
res cim
evitaerc htiw secivPrince ofedSongkla
aca ehtUniversity,
,tnempolePattani
ved Campus
.erutluc dna stra fo nRusamilae
oitavreserpSub-district,
eht dna ,stpMuang
ecnoc districs
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnem nrevogProvince
Pattani eht rednU94000, Thailand
,tnempoleved lanoitan retBooncharoen
sof ot noitavBamrungchoo
onni dna
yltnerruc era Princess
ew ,ytiGalyani
libaniatsVadhana
us dna Institute
ytirepsorofp Cultural Studies
dna lanoitacude evPrince
itaerc of ehSongkla
t poleveUniversity,
d ot derapPattani
erp Campus
esu eht htiw stneduts pRusamilae
iuqe ot dnSub-district,
a smetsys gnMuang
inrael districs
evah eW .egdelwonk fo Pattani seigolonProvince
hcet evit94000,
avonni Thailand
fo
.tnempoleved lanoitan ehNarawadee
t rofsetaudargLohajinda
tneiciforp
Princess Galyani Vadhana Institute of Cultural Studies
Rusamilae Sub-district, Muang districs
iaPattani
nitiNtikProvince
uS.rD 94000, Thailand
Kwanruan Boonkobkaew
Pattani Province 94000, Thailand
Jidaporn Sangnil
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical characteristics of

Prachan community and to collect the cultural knowledge of the local food presented in
the community. The samples of the study are community leaders, religious leaders, local
food guru, local authorities, primary school teachers, and youth in the community. Data
collection is through interviews, group discussion, observation, and photography. The
study indicates that Prachan community is geographically suitable for agriculture as it
provides food security to its population in the area, and it is a main food source in
Pattani province. According to the interviews, the most unique food in Prachan is La
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RAJAMANGALA
Sor and UNIVERSITY
La Sae (rice noodles). More than 30 OFhouseholds
TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
in Ban Prachan produce La sor
and La Sae for career since their ancestors that every household has its own equipment
for making La Sor. The study Message fromthat
also found the traditional
President food of is found as meat dish and
Rajamangala
dessert. It also indicates Universityfood
that traditional of Technology
in Prachan Krungthep
community is related to life
style, life tradition and annual festivals, the classification are 1) Everyday life foodas
Muslims in Prachan community consumeRMUTK 3 meals aaims to be
day and usea their
creative
handstechnology
to eat the
food. The famous food for breakfast university
is Kaw Yamin Asia.
or NasiTheKrabu
university has rice,
or Krabu accordingly
and it is
a main local food in Prachan community and Muslims in other communities in Pattaniour personnel and
province. Krabu rice is commonly academic curriculums
taken for breakfast that
as it is align tofood,
easy-made international
and it can
be easily found in the area due tostandards. We have
its ingredients also found
are mostly promotedin thethecommunity
research
development,
such as vegetable, fish and Budu sauce. Krabu rice theis highly
nutritious andwith creative
mostly taken
together with sticky rice with prawn,concepts, and the
Dagae rice, Tinehpreservation
Sama rice.of 2) arts and on
Food culture.
religious
festive days, Ramadhan (fasting) festive, Eidul UnderFitri
thegovernment’s
and Eidul Adha vision
daysof- Ramadan
Thailand
4.0 thatcommunity
festival or the month of fasting. Prachan emphasizesisthe use of technology,
considered as a majorcreativity,
source of
confectionery as some of them produce and sell desserts
and innovation to foster and sweets
nationalin development,
the month of
Ramadhan more than 60 items such as Dok and
prosperity Mai, sustainability,
Ni Ba, Ti Gi Mani, we are Tabtim Krop,
currently
Amra, etc. it is found that there areprepared
both meattodishes
developand desserts in which
the creative related to and
educational life
tradition and cultures. learning systems and to equip students with the use
Key words : Traditional food, wayofofinnovative
life and culture, Prajan community
1. Introduction proficient graduatesfor the national development.
devel
In the past, Pattani had an extensive trade by ships from China, India, Arab,
Portugal, Holland, England, and Japan, and with cities on the Malay Peninsula and
nearby. Pattani Port is said to be the largest inDr.SukitNitinai
the area. Pattani Province during the 21-
23th century was calledPresident
the capitalofofRajamangala
Malaya. (Fine Art Department,
Universityof 1999 : Krungthep
of Technology 27). Pattani
is the center of trade between the East and the West, this had resulted that the area
around Pattani Bay is residences of a variety of ethnic people with multiculturalism.
From the history of ethnic diversityand multiculturalism, Pattani has created
the stability of the way of life, customs and culture, as well as food. As Prof. Wyatt and
Teeaw have mentioned in the book“HikayatPatani” said, "Pattani food has many
varieties, great food, aesthetics of taste which not only delicious, but also spiced with no
other places. (A,Teeaw and D.K.Wyatt, Hikayat Patani:the Story of Pattani, 56). From
the evidence, the prominence in the food of the ancestors who are the wisdom in the
past is charming and unique with the complicated process.
Local food in the communities in Pattani province has a form of simplicity, but
each dish is unique, delicious, nutritioussuch as Krabu rice that contains vegetables rich
in vitamins, peppers, ginger, cloves suitable for women after birth to help nourish blood,
increase milk volume and strengthen the body faster. Folk cooking is a science and art
that the community has sought after the way of life and with the wisdom inherited from
generation to generation, such as folk food in Prachan community which is a unique
community. It is said to be a community that produces local food for local distribution
and other places over the past 30 years till the present.
Therefore, the researcher is interested in collecting the knowledge of traditional
food that appeared in Prachan community together with Prachan Subdistrict
Administrative Organization, Yarang District, Pattani Province. The purpose is to gather
knowledge, wisdom of local food and to know the relationship between local food and
2041dnalFebruary
Thailand
the wayPofEH TG
life ofNthe
URcommunity,
K YGOLON HCeventually
and E T FO Y T
toIS REthe
lead VINcontribution
U ALAGNA toMyouth
AJAR in the
community.
2. Objectives pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
ygolonh1.cetToevstudy
itaercthea general
eb ot scondition
mia KTUofMPrachan
R community.

ylgnidro2.ccaTosagather
h ytisrcultural
evinu eknowledge
hT .aisA nof i yfolk
tisrefood
vinu appeared in Prachan community.
3.laMethodology
noitanretni ot ngila taht smulucirruc cimedaca
evitaerc1)hSurvey
tiw secand cimedadocuments
ivresrelevant ca eht ,tnefrom
mpolevarious
ved sources as a basic knowledge
about.erthe
utluconcept
c dna strof a fotraditional
noitavresefolkrp ehfood
t dna ,2)
stpField
ecnocworks through focus groupswith
dnaliahT foleaders,
community noisiv 20s’tnlocal
emnreauthorities,
vogeht redn10 U local food expertise, 10 primary school
,ytivitaerand
teachers, c ,yg10 olohousewives
nhcet fo esuwith eht sexpertized
ezisahpme of tahlocal
t 0.4 food by recording data 3) Data
analysis
4.dnResults
a lanoitand
acuddiscussion
e evitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp
evah eW The.egphysical
delwonkcharacteristics
fo seigolonhcofet Prachan
evitavonsubni fdistrict
o showed that the geography
ofdnPrachan
a dehsilsub
pmodistrict
cca gniistavflat
itluwith
cno ethe
cnacombination
tropmi decalof p sand and clays. Some areas are
flooded.tas it pisollocated
nem eved lanalong
oitan the
eht rPattani
ofsetauRiver
darg tnand
eicisuitable
forp for cultivation. There are 9
villages in Prachan sub district. The majority of the economy is occupied by farmers
80% as farmers, planters for vegetables, fruits, rubber trees, and other occupations.
The study indicates that Prachan community is geographically suitable for
agriculture as it provides food ianitsecurity
iNtikuS.torDits
 population in the area, and it is a main food
source in Pattani province.
According to the interview from a community leader, Mr.Nisoh Waehayee said
that there are 2 types of local food in Prachan community; meat dish and desserts. The
most famous meat dish is La Sor (rice noodle), it is a career since ancestors. He said that
every household owns equipment for making La Sor, whereas a larger La Sor producer
will have a larger equipment and open it as La Sor factory. According to him, in the
past, there were more than 300 households that sold rice noodles, but currently, only 30
households still produce rice La Sor. For desserts, there are more than 15 household as
dessert producers, and the desserts will be sold to middlemen. The dessert producers can
produce a variety of desserts and sweets for both Thai and local confectionaries such as
Ladu.
From the interview by expertise of local food, both types of food in Prachan
are related to way of life of its population, life tradition, festive and occasions such as
wedding, new house setting day, etc. The food mostly found is meat curry, egg curry,
rice noodle, together with desserts like yello sticky rice with prawn sauce, etc.
From the data collected, it shows that traditional folk food is involved in life
style of people, presented in the local market, and can be produced every month
throughout the year as it is demanded by people in and outside the community. The
difference in culture is during the month of fasting, there will be no production of rice
noodles, but only desserts and sweets. For religious festivals, such as the New Year
Festival, Hari Raya for Muslims, there will be other desserts like Tupat (wrapped and
boiled sticky rice). This kind of food is made by every house, and it can earn a living
and become the main occupation of the people in the community.
February
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RAJAMANGALA
the way UNIVERSITY
of life of the community, OF TECHNOLOGY
and eventually KRUNGTHEP
to lead the contribution to youth in the
community.
2. Objectives Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
1. To study the general conditionRMUTK

of Prachan aims to be a creative technology
community.
university
2. To gather cultural knowledge in Asia.
of folk The university
food appeared has accordingly
in Prachan community.
3. Methodology academic curriculums that align to international
development,
1) Survey and relevant documents from the academic
various ic services
sources with
as a basic creative
knowledge
concepts,
about the concept of traditional folk food and the preservation
2) Field works through of arts and culture.
focus groupswith
community leaders, 20 local authorities, 10 Under
localthegovernment’s
food expertise, vision of Thailand
10 primary school
teachers, and 10 housewives with4.0 that emphasizes
expertized of localthe
foodusebyofrecording
data 3) Data
analysis and innovation to foster national development,
4. Results and discussion prepared to develop the creative educational and
The physical characteristics
of of Prachan sub
innovative district showed
technologies that the geography
of Prachan sub district is flat withplaced
the combination
importanceofoncultivating
sand and clays. Some areasand
accomplished are
flooded as it is located along theproficient
Pattani River and suitable
graduatesfor for cultivation.
the national devel There are 9
development.
villages in Prachan sub district. The majority of the economy is occupied by farmers
80% as farmers, planters for vegetables, fruits, rubber trees, and other occupations.
The study indicates that Prachan community is geographically suitable for
agriculture as it provides food security to its population in the area, and it is a main food
source in Pattani province.
According to the interview from a community leader, Mr.Nisoh Waehayee said
that there are 2 types of local food in Prachan community; meat dish and desserts. The
most famous meat dish is La Sor (rice noodle), it is a career since ancestors. He said that
every household owns equipment for making La Sor, whereas a larger La Sor producer
will have a larger equipment and open it as La Sor factory. According to him, in the
past, there were more than 300 households that sold rice noodles, but currently, only 30
households still produce rice La Sor. For desserts, there are more than 15 household as
dessert producers, and the desserts will be sold to middlemen. The dessert producers can
produce a variety of desserts and sweets for both Thai and local confectionaries such as
Ladu.
From the interview by expertise of local food, both types of food in Prachan
are related to way of life of its population, life tradition, festive and occasions such as
wedding, new house setting day, etc. The food mostly found is meat curry, egg curry,
rice noodle, together with desserts like yello sticky rice with prawn sauce, etc.
From the data collected, it shows that traditional folk food is involved in life
style of people, presented in the local market, and can be produced every month
throughout the year as it is demanded by people in and outside the community. The
difference in culture is during the month of fasting, there will be no production of rice
noodles, but only desserts and sweets. For religious festivals, such as the New Year
Festival, Hari Raya for Muslims, there will be other desserts like Tupat (wrapped and
boiled sticky rice). This kind of food is made by every house, and it can earn a living
and become the main occupation of the people in the community.
2061dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGto
of the ancestors NU RK Y
bring GO L
more ONHon
values CEfood
T FOthat
YTunuseful
ISREVIpart
NU A
ofLanimals
AGNAM AJintestine
like AR
for “Perut Lemu Sumat”.
5. Suggestion pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
ygolonh1.ceThis
t evistudy
taerc isa to
eb collect
ot smiknowledge
a KTUMRof traditional  food of Prajan community
inylorder
gnidrotoccraise
a sahawareness
ytisrevinuofetraditional
hT .aisA nfoodi ytisappearing
revinu in the present-day. Therefore,
dnresearch
the a lennosrshould
ep ruobefoextended
tnempolfor evedconducting
eht no deinsuthecof form of conservation activities to
lanoitanrtraditional
preserve etni ot ngfood ila tfor
aht the
smuchildren
lucirruc tocitaste
medacanda disseminate knowledge to the
hcraeseworld
outside r ehtindthe etom orp ofosvideo
form la evorahfood
eWbooks.
.sdradnats
evitaerc2.hThistiw sstudy s cimedaca knowledge
ecivreencourages eht ,tnempthrough
oleved culture of food consumption in
.eruto
relation tlutraditional
c dna stra flife
o nostyle.
itavreTherefore,
serp eht dnthea ,ststudy
pecnoshould
c involve the traditional food
dnaappears
that liahT foinnothe isivlocal
s’tnetradition
mnrevogeinhtthe redthree
nU southern provinces, or traditional food
,ytivitatoerchistory
related ,ygoloofnhcrelationship
et fo esu ehwith
t sezicountry
sahpme neighborhood,
taht 0.4 or traditional food related
to,tmigration,
nempoleveetc. d lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna
6.dnReference
evah eW [1].egdTheelwFine
onk fArts
o seDepartment.
igolonhcet ev(1999).
itavonnThai
i fo Cultural Studies Vol. 3.tradition
dna dehsilpmand occculture
a gnitavofitlRattanakosin.
ucno ecnatropPrinting
mi decaHouse
lp Bangkok.
.tn[2]
empoA,Teeaw
leved lanand
oitanD.K.Wyatt,
eht rofsetauHikayat
darg tnePatani
iciforp: the Story of Pattani. 56
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RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Cultural Folk Plays in Narathiwat KRUNGTHEP
Message from
Prasit the President of
Rattanamanee
Princess Galyani VadhanaofInstitute
of Cultural Studies
Rusamilae RMUTK
 Sub-district, aimsdistrics
Muang to be a creative technology
Pattani university in Asia.
Province 94000, The university has accordingly
Thailand
academic Hajihama
Nipatimah curriculums that align to international
standards.Institute
Princess Galyani Vadhana We have also promoted
of Cultural Studies the research
development,
Prince of Songkla University,the academic
Pattani ic services with creative
Campus
Rusamilaeconcepts, and Muang
Sub-district, the preservation
districs of arts and culture.
Pattani ProvinceUnder
94000,thegovernment’s
Thailand vision of Thailand
Booncharoen Bamrungchoo
prosperityInstitute
Princess Galyani Vadhana and sustainability, we are currently
of Cultural Studies
prepared
Prince of Songkla to develop
University, Pattanithe creative educational and
Campus
Rusamilaelearning systems
Sub-district, Muangand districs
to equip students with the use
Pattaniof innovative
Province technologies
94000, Thailand of knowledge. We have
Narawadee Lohajindathe national development.
proficient graduatesfor devel
Kwanruan Boonkobkaew
Jidaporn Sangnil
Abstract
The purpose of the study of “Cultural Folk Plays in Narathiwat” is to gather

knowledge of cultural folk plays, its rules, and folk games in order to find a way to
preserve cultural inheritance by collecting data through observation, interviews and
small group meetings by descriptive analysis.
The study indicates that traditional folk plays in Chang Phuak, Ja Nae District,
Narathiwat, though it is not as popular as in the past., it is a case study to see how
traditional folk sports should be preserved. The study shows that there are 7 types of the
traditional folk plays 1)Throwing and Getting such as Jackstones, “Ti”game 2) Rolling
2081dnalFebruary
Thailand
such as Psand
EHTball GNU RK YGwheel
rolling, OLON toyHC ET Fcan,
from O YRolling
TISREVtires INUandALThreaded
AGNAMA JAtoy
car R 3)
Throwing and Flicking such as cashew nut flicking, hole game, stick game, kicking
cans, throwing darts, tops 4) Walking fo tnedissucherP eashtcoconut
morf egshell
asseM walking, wobble, 5) Riding
and Draggingsuchpas ehtdragging
gnurK ygpalm olonhhusks
ceT fo 6) ytiChesssuch
srevinU alaMancala,
gnamajaR draught 7) Other
types of playing such as rubber seed game, rubber seed treadmill, bamboo treadmill,
ygoWhe,
Luk lonhcrice
et estubble
vitaerc fluting,
a eb ococonut
t smia K TUM
leave R
fluting, papaya
 tree fluting.
ylgnidroThecca types
sah ytof isrefolk
vinuplays
ehT are .aisA ni ytisrevby
categorized inu the type of playing for the data
dna lennofor
collection srepeach
ruo type
fo tneofmpplays.
olevedHowever,
eht no dethe sucotypes
f of folk plays will also be
lanoitanretnas
categorized i oplays
t ngiof la boys
taht andsmulgirls.
ucirrucThiscimiseddue
aca to most of child population in
hcraeserborder
southern eht dof etom orp osla eMuslims,
Thailandare vah eW including
.sdradnatstheir cultures and attires will be
evitaerc from
different htiw other es cimeindathe
secivrregions ca ecountry.
ht ,tnemThere
poleveared some types of traditional folk
plays.ewhich
rutluc darena splayed
tra fo nby oitaboys
vreseonly,
rp ehtanddnashould
,stpecnbe oc played separately from girls. In
dnaliahTthefodata
addition, noiscollection
iv s’tnemwill nrevobegecategorized
ht rednU as 3 different parts; vanished folk plays,
,ytivitaercfolk
vanishing ,ygplays,
olonhcand et fo“still”
esu eplaying
ht sezisaplays.
hpme taht 0.4
Key
,tnewords
mpolev:eCulture,
d lanoittraditional
an retsof folk ot plays,
noitavNarathiwat
onni dna
1.dnIntroduction
evah eW Narathiwat
.egdelwonisk afoprovince
seigolonin hceThailand,
t evitavonitni isfoa center of diverse populations,
religions,
dna dehsUnited
ilpmoccNations
a gnitavsuch itlucnaso eMalayu,
cnatropmChinese,
i decalp Arabs, Persian, and Indian. Its
richness.tnisemgoverned
poleved lby anoone
itan culture
eht rofsfor
etauthe
dargintegration
tneiciforp to all population to live in the
society with love, harmony and generosity. Culture plays an important role to get people
acquainted through cultural activities.This has no exception to children that they gather
together for playing in public spaces, including cultural folk plays.
Traditional folk plays ianitiN reflect
tikuS.rthe D culture of children's plays that are inherited
frompehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagames
the local wisdom. Nowadays, folk gnamaare jaRbeginning
fo tnediserto
P disappear from many
localities where children turn to modern media in CD format, game stores and online
games. According to Suryani Sukseni (2002: 13), the modern medias are “Nowadays,
Thai Muslim children's plays have been disappeared, there are some still appeared but it
is very rare or barely visible. The main reason of the disappearance is due to the
influence of the advancement of technology that has expanded rapidly. This has caused
the wisdom of people in the past is neglected”. From this information, it indicates the
status of the traditional plays that they will be disappearing very soon from the
community. As such, the researcher is interested in collecting all knowledge on cultural
folk plays in 7 communities in Tambon Chang Phuak, Ja Nae district, Narathiwat
province that are; Moo 1 Ban Nam Won, Moo2 Ban Kumung, Moo 3 Ban Iye Sera,
Moo 4 Ban I Betae, Moo 5 I So, Moo 6 Ban I Balor, and Moo 7 Ban Chang Puek.
The objective of this research is to bring the knowledge of folk plays to the
model of cultural preservation with students in Tadika schools as the center of
conservation. This will also be a pave way to coordination with the Chang Phuak
subdistrict Administrative Organization to develop a learning center for folk plays to
host for the competition in the future.
2. Objectives
To gather knowledge of traditional folk plays, rules, folk games in order to find
a way to conserve cultural inheritance.
February
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University
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& Cultures in
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209
Thailand15

3. Methodology
Message from
This research is a qualitative the President
research. The studyof area is communities in Chang
Phuak District,Rajamangala
Narathiwat by University
collecting of Technology
information Krungthep
of folk plays of relevant
documents from the sources. This data and information will be based knowledge for the
research which helps to frame the  research RMUTK aimsthetopurpose
conceptfor be a creative technology
of comparison from
the study. The field works have done university
throughin Asia.
informal Theinterviews,
university depth
has accordingly
interviews,
observation, and group discussionfocused with 5 on the development
groups; community of our personnel
leaders, and
local leaders,
local philosophers, Tadika school academic
teachers, and curriculums
villagers. Thethat data
is analyzed through
descriptive analysis. standards. We have also promoted the research
4. Results concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
4.0 that
Chang Phuak, Ja Nae District in emphasizes
Narathiwat the use ofistechnology,
province a density of creativity,
Muslim
population. It is found that childrenand after Tadika schools,
innovation to foster willnational
gather together to play
development,
folk plays. Though the traditional plays are notand
prosperity commonly played aswe
sustainability, in thearepast, but the
currently
plays will be as models of traditional plays that
prepared should be
to develop thereserved
creativeandeducational
conserved, and and
they are reliable by parents compared to modern
learning systemsmedia
andplays to children.
to equip studentsThe withcategories
the use
of traditional plays classified by Udom Nuthong (1999
of innovative : 374 – 380)
technologies are as follows:
1. Throwing and Getting.placed This type of plays
importance needs a precision
oncultivating accomplishedskill. and
The
throwing things can be wood sticks, stones,graduatesfor
proficient and marblesthe or fruit seeds.
national This judgment of
devel
development.
this type of play will be on the precision in throwing and getting something with the
appointed numbers. This includes the correctness of the model and gestures of the play
as well. This type of plays are Jackstones, Ti plays.
2. Rolling. This type will rely onDr.SukitNitinai
creative technic and invention such as
wheels made from wood, President of Rajamangalaclays
cans, car tire or round for plays
Universityof of such as sand Krungthep
Technology ball rolling,
wheels from can for car toys, car tires rolling, and threaded cars.
3. Throwing and Flicking plays will need some expertise to play such as
cashew nut flicking, hole game, stick game, kicking cans, throwing darts, tops
4. Walking such as coconut shell walking, wobble
5. Riding and dragging plays need participation skill such as dragging palm
husks
6. Chess plays require keen by players such Mancala, draught
7. Other types of playing such as rubber seed game, rubber seed treadmill,
bamboo treadmill, Luk Whe, rice stubble fluting, coconut leave fluting, papaya tree
fluting.
The types of traditional plays will also be categorized as plays of boys and
girls. This is due to most of child population in southern border of Thailand are
Muslims, including their cultures and attires will be different from other regions in the
country. There are some types of traditional folk plays which are played by boys only,
and should be played separately from girls. In addition, the data collection will be
categorized as 3 different parts; vanished traditional plays, vanishing traditional plays,
and “still” playing plays.
Rules, Process and language used in the plays
The folk plays in Narathiwat province are similar to other regions in
Thailand. There are some differences in the rules of each play by rules, like methods
and languages for making team including rules to start playing the game and after the
game. The conclusion is as below:
2101dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTG NURK1YisGO
Method LON“Rock
using HCETpapers FO YTscissors”
ISREVIfor NU diving
ALAGteam
NAMforAJAplayers
R
equally. The judgment will be the superior of each gesture.
Method 2 is “La fo tlanedtiistambon”.
erP eht mItorisf ewhere
gasseM all players stands in round
together, everyone psings ehtgn“Lalatitambon”
urK ygolonhceand ytiscan
T fothey revieither
nU alface
agnaupmatheir
jaR hand or take a
hand down. The judgment is whoever do facing up their hands will be in the same team,
ygolonhwho
whereas cet take
evitatheir
erc ahands
eb odown
t smiwilla Kbe TUthe
MRother team. 
ylgnidrocca sMethodah ytisre3v“Juri
inu ehand T .aSedadu”to
isA ni ytihave srevinfor
u the fairness in diving team by
dna leevery
getting nnosreplayer
p ruo tofostay
tnem inpcircle
olevedand ehtselect
no doneesucby
of one player by singing “Cha kelo
lanoinonai
nonai tanretnKuching
i ot ngpayamolopa
ila taht smtammai ulucirruchuri
c cimmanoedacaketo mano kete chesema sedadu”
hcraeser eht Whenever
detomorpthe osword
la ev“churi”
ah eW (means .sdradnthief)
ats ends at someone, he or she has
toevstand
itaercinhthe
tiwmiddle
secivreof cimcircle,
s the edaca but eht whenever
,tnempolethe vedword “dadu” (means police) ends
.erutluc dhe/she
at someone, na strahas
fo ntooitstand
avreseoutside
rp eht dthe na ,scircle.
tpecnoThe
c “dadu” team will chase team
“churi”.
,ytivitaerc ,ygMethod
olonhcet4fo“JiesuJub” eht is
sezselecting
isahpme taahspecific
t 0.4 player to take his hand down
and
,tneraise
mpolehis vedhandlanin
oitafront.
n retOther
sof otplayersnoitavtake
onnitheirdnamother fingers and sing together
“Jijub
yltnerJijeaw
ruc eraJiyaiheaw
ew ,ytiJijiew
libaniaJijub
tsus Jubjali
dna ytJijalob
irepsorpKinkeekob Lobmaitan”. Whoever
was
dnacaught
lanoithis
acufinger,
de evihe taerwill
c ehbet thepoleloser
ved andot dother
erapeplayers
rp can ask him whatever to do.
esu eht htiThe w stfolk
nedugame
ts piuqine Narathiwas
ot dna smetis syssimilar
gninrato el other areas, only there are some
differences
evah eW .in egdthe
elwrules
onk fofo seach
eigolplay.
onhceFromt evitathe
vondata
ni focollected, there is an observation
that
dnathere
dehsare
ilpmstill
occapopular
gnitavitraditional
tlucno ecnplays atropm played
i decabylp children such as top, crab legs,
police .andtnemthief,
polevthrowing
ed lanoitancans,eht rTi
ofsgame,
etaudardarts,
g tneicbumpers,
iforp rubber jumpers, Mancala,
cashew nut flicking, pitted stones, pitching holes, etc. All these folk plays should be
reserved fundamentally by raising awareness to children and community through
Tadika school. From the interview fromteachers, they said that they also appreciate the
value and interested on ithe anitreservation
iNtikuS.rD of folk plays for children due to they are
inherited
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevlocal
from the wisdom of their inU aancestors
lagnamajasince
R fo the
tnedpast.
iserP
5. Conclusions
The study of tradition and culture of folk plays in Narathiwat, we can see the
symbolic plays by children in the area that has been man-made to entertain and enjoy
for the purpose of the physical and mental health of the children.
1. To strengthen the physical, emotional and social development of children.
The most common types of children's play are running, jumping, throwing, throwing,
rolling, kicking, flicking, pulling, and dragging. The play thus provides the healthiness
to get stronger body.
2. Language development for children for playing together with other
children. Children need to understand the language as a medium especially rules or
agreements must be agreed and understood before playing. Children will be practiced
for communication skill through the plays. Many plays require the language skill and
the singing skill such as, "Cha kelo nonai nonai Kuching payamolopa tammai churi
mano keto mano kete chesema sedadu”
3. Reflects the social and cultural setting of the areas. Since children with all
ages are attached to the play by imitation, It might be imitated from adults, from nature
and technological advancement. The study of children's play is equal to the study of
social culture in itself.
Nowadays, traditional plays begin to disappear from many localities where
children have a lot of fun and excitement to play in CD, games and online games. Such
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
211
Thailand15
modernRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
game plays, children OF TECHNOLOGY
in the community do not learn KRUNGTHEP
others’ habits and
interactions as in the past. This is due to traditional plays, besides having fun, children
will learn others’ habits and Message from the
interaction President
including of
supportive behaviours within the
group. In addition, parents orUniversity
Rajamangala community of Technology
members will Krungthep
learn about their child's
behaviors for their better life.
6. Suggestion university in Asia. The university has accordingly
academic
Traditional play is involved curriculums
with culture that good
that promotes alignhealth
to international
for children
in the community, but it is fading standards.
away due toWe have also
it becomes less promoted the research
popular among children
nowadays. Local government should development, the academic
develop a master plan toicdrive
conservation works
and to recreate the cultural plays inconcepts,
the formand the preservation
of annual children's of
dayarts and culture.
activity. It should
also promote the learning center, toys Under and playsthegovernment’s
with the local vision of Thailand
players in the
community. 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
7. Reference prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
[1] Suriyani Sukseee. learning
(2002). Thai Muslim
systems and toChildren's Folk with
equip students Playsthe
in use
the
South. Art Department, Department
of innovative of Education
technologies Faculty of Education
Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus.
[2] Udom Nuthon. Encyclopedia of Thai Culture,
proficient graduatesfor Southern:
the national devel 1. Bangkok:
development.
Amarin Printing.
2121dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGof
Culture NU RK YGOLMedication
Traditional ONHCET FinOTambon
YTISRETabing,
VINU ASai
LABuri,
GNAM AJAR
Patta
fKwanruan
o tnediserP Boonkobkaew
eht morf egasseM
pehtgnGalyani
Princess urK ygoVadhana fo ytisreof
lonhceT Institute vinCultural
U alagnStudies
amajaR
ygolonhcet evitaerc a Rusamilae
eb ot smiSub-district,
a KTUMR Muang districs 
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinPattani
u ehT Province
.aisA ni y94000,
tisreviThailand
nu
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht sNipatimah
mulucirruc Hajihama
cimedaca
hcraeser eht dPrincess
etomorp Galyani
osla evVadhana
ah eW Institute
.sdradnaof ts Cultural Studies
res cim
evitaerc htiw secivPrince ofedSongkla
aca ehtUniversity,
,tnempolevPattani
ed Campus
.erutluc dna stra fo nRusamilae
oitavreserpSub-district,
eht dna ,stpMuang
ecnoc districs
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnem nrevogProvince
Pattani eht rednU94000, Thailand
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsofPrasit ot noRattanamanee
itavonni dna
yltnerruc era Princess
ew ,ytiGalyani
libaniatsVadhana
us dna Institute
ytirepsorofp Cultural Studies
dna lanoitacude evPrince
itaerc of ehSongkla
t poleveUniversity,
d ot derapPattani
erp Campus
esu eht htiw stneduts pRusamilae
iuqe ot dnSub-district,
a smetsys gnMuang
inrael districs
evah eW .egdelwonk fo Pattani seigolonProvince
hcet evit94000,
avonni Thailand
fo
.tnempoleved lanoitanBooncharoen
eht rofsetaudaBamrungchoo
rg tneiciforp
iaPattani
nitiNtikProvince
uS.rD 94000, Thailand
Narawadee Lohajinda
Jidaporn Sangnil
Abstract
This study aims to study social and cultural context and to collect knowledge
on the wisdom of the traditional doctors in Tambon Tabing. The samples were 16 local
doctors in a community through participatory action research.
The study indicated that there are 5 types of traditional doctors that can be
divided into 5 categories: Ritual doctor, Chiropractor, Herbalist, Midwives, and general
tradition doctors. Each folk doctor will have different talents for each treatment. The
process of the treatment itself is a combination of resources, beliefs and rituals together
with the use of herbs. The herbs used by the folk doctors can be found in local areas,
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
213
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
sometimes UNIVERSITY
it is self-planted with differentOF TECHNOLOGY
types of herbs such KRUNGTHEP
as powder, bolus,
extracted oil, and decoction.
Message
The research results that thefrom
wisdomthe President
of the localofdoctor acts as the science of
health care of Rajamangala
people who haveUniversity
belief, of Technology
faith and rely Krungthep
on local resources with the
treatments for both physically and mentally. According to the research, the knowledge
of traditional treatment has not  been RMUTK documented, aimsresulting
to be athe creative technology
disappearance of
tradition knowledge along with theuniversity
traditionalindoctors.
If there has accordingly
is any inheritance of this
focused
precious wisdom as a national culture, on the
the value development
of this will be part ofofour personnel
precious healthand
of
Thai people. academic curriculums that align to international
1. Introduction development, the academic ic services with creative
Pattani is a province in the southern Under thegovernment’s
border vision ofThere
province of Thailand. Thailand
is a
high of diversity of the ecosystem4.0 duethatto emphasizes the use
evergreen forest of atechnology,
with variety of creativity,
species of
plants and animals including demographic diversity. to
and innovation It consists
foster of Thai Buddhists,
national Thai
development,
Muslims, and Thais. Each group has changed and
prosperity their sustainability,
way of living inwe harmony with the
are currently
natural resources that surround them to survive
prepared includingthe
to develop learning
creativeexperience from and
educational one
generation to generation. Soon, it learning
became asystems
culture and
of each group.
to equip The knowledge
students and
with the use
experience of survival for our ancestors has been
of innovative passed on of
technologies to our descendants
knowledge. for a
We have
long time. This is one of the most placed
important wisdoms and
importance has been developed
oncultivating alongside
accomplished and
in human society for survival;proficient
it is a diversified
graduatesfor medical system.Each
the national devel ethnicity is
development.
learning, inheritance, knowledge and practice for health care and treatment that is
consistent with the tradition, culture and way of life of the Thai people is called
"traditional medicine". Currently, people are more interested in health care with more
traditional Thai medicine. However, various research studies of traditional Thai
medicine such as herbs,President
medicinalof Rajamangala properties
formulas and Universityofaccording
of Technology to theKrungthep
traditional
wisdom used by the local doctors to treat the disease is still limited. These data are
important for further development to increase the potential of Thai herbs and herbs. It
will be benefits to all people if there is a coverage of development on traditional
medication. This is due to the traditional knowledge has been processed through several
trials and uses for long time. In addition, the information and data on traditional
medication are considered very important in the selection of the type of herbs and
medicine development. It also helps reduce costs and time spent on medical research.
However, considering the existing knowledge of the traditional doctors is still
lack of promotion and development to society. As such, the researcher is interested in
exploring and gathering the knowledge of folk medicine so it can be processed as a
knowledge base in the future. In addition, it can be a revival on medicines from
medicinal plants of the community to create a sustainable career in the future of
community.
1. To study the social and cultural context of Tambon Tabing.

2. To gather the knowledge of the local wisdom of the traditional doctor.
2141dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTMethodology
3. Research GNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Step 1). The study fooftnbasic ediserinformation

P eht morf eofgasTambon
seM Tabing by analyzing
relevant documents, peincluding
htgnurK research ceT fo yon
ygolonhreports tisCommunity
revinU alagDatanamaSheet
jaR
Step 2). Field survey and data collection by developing in-depth interviews by
ygolonhthe
dividing cet topics
evitaerin
c atheebinterview
ot smia intoKTU6M R
sections; (1)Personal
 details of traditional
ylgnidroc(2)
doctors. ca Inheritance
sah ytisrevin(3)u eExpertise
hT .aisA nof i ytifolk
srevindoctors.
u (4) Service methods(5)
dna lennosin
Knowledge retreatment
p ruo fo (6)tnem poleveprocessing
Herbal d eht no and desuherbal
cof products.
lanoitanStep
retni 3).ot Analysis
ngila tahof t scognitive
mulucirrucinformation
cimedaca in the treatment of traditional
hcraeseand
doctors r epresentation
ht detomorpof oresearch
sla evahreport.
eW .sdradnats
4. Results
,ytivitaerc 1.,ygThe
olonphysical
hcet fo escharacteristics
u eht sezisahpm ofeTambon
taht 0.4 Tabing are allurival plains. The
river
,tnemcalled
polevSaiburi
ed lanRiver
oitan flows
retsofthrough
ot noSaiburi.
itavonniTheredna are 6 villages in the village; Ban
Tabing,
yltnerruBan
c erKubae
a ew Badok,
,ytilibaBan
niatsuJoh
s dKeeyae,
na ytireBanpsorSaemoh,
p Ban Lanchang, and Ban
Kayokmati.
dna lanoitaMost cude population
evitaerc eareht pMuslims
oleved owitht deragriculture
aperp is mainly rubber plantation,
fruit
esu garden,
eht htiwgeneral
stneducontractor
ts piuqe oand t dntrade.
a smetsys gninrael
evah eW .2. egThe
delwstudy
onk fofo sthe
eigowisdom
lonhcetofevthe
itavtraditional
onni fo medication in Tambon Tabing
indnpresent
a dehsidays,
lpmocthere
ca gnare
itavstill
itluc16
no traditional
ecnatropmdoctors
i decalpin Tabing, can be summarized as
follows..tnempoleved lanoitan eht rofsetaudarg tneiciforp
1). The personal information of the 16 traditional doctors, they are 7
males, and 9 females. There 1 person is 90 years old, 2 persons age is between 80-89
years old, there are 5 persons age between 70-79 years old, there are 2 persons age
between 60-69 years old,ia4nipersons tiNtikuSage.rD between 40-49 years old, and 1 person age
below
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alare
30 years old. In addition, there agna4mtraditional
ajaR fo tnedoctors
diserP with 10-20-year old
experiences, 10 persons with 21-40 year-old experiences, and 2 persons with more than
41 years for traditional medical experiences.
2). The role of a local doctor has found that the most important motive
for becoming a traditional doctor is to have an ancestor as a traditional doctor. From the
study, learning from the textbook and from the actual experiences in the treatment for a
long time through observation, experimentation, selection and learning from experience
to expertise becomes inheritance. However, there is a lack of written documentation of
the treatment.
3). The herbs used in the treatment method is found that they are used
together with spells by traditional doctors for the treatment. When patients come to the
doctor, the doctor will diagnose the symptoms and find ways to treat them in various
ways. Whenever the patient has been recovered, there will be news spread about the
expertise of the traditional doctors, and it increases trust and faith for the treatment by
traditional doctors.
5. Discussion
1. There are 5 types of traditional doctors found in Tambon Tabing that can be
divided into 5 categories: Ritual doctor, Chiropractor, Herbalist, Midwives, and general
tradition doctors. Most of them have inherited knowledge from their ancestors for the
healing process, using their beliefs and rituals in the community, including magic spells
for healing such as bone Joint, gallstones by using herbal treatment, paralysis symptom,
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
215
Thailand15
bonesRAJAMANGALA
problems with massage UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
treatment, gastroenterology, KRUNGTHEP
gastritis, cancer, reflux acids
and other symptoms like aches, hemorrhoids, parasites in children, blood treatment for
Message
women, child delivery, including from
using the for
herbs President
treatmentof such as herb powder, bolus,
and extracted oil.Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
2. From the knowledge and wisdom of traditional doctors, it is found that folk
doctors in Tambon Tabing have the ability RMUTK aimsthe
to maintain to experience,
practice and the
universitytogether
inheritance of wisdom from the ancestors in Asia.fromThetheuniversity
study ofhas accordingly
textbooks from
Malaysia, and experience in the treatment of patients for a period of 20-40 of our personnel and
years.Healing and treatment processes academic curriculums
often combine that align
the concepts thattolinkinternational
nature and
supernatural by using rituals and standards. We havein also
resources available local promoted
or community the research
settings,
such as the use of herbal medicines development,
combined with the magic
spells. This is with creative
in accordance
with Opas Chamarat (2548) said that concepts, and the
folk doctors arepreservation
knowledgeable of arts andtreatment
in the culture. of
illness and health of the community basedUnder on thethegovernment’s
way of life of the vision of Thailand
community. Folk
doctors are the only ones who have4.0thethat emphasizes
traditional the use of
knowledge technology,
which creativity,
is not documented
for providing knowledge to other people, resulting oftothefoster
and innovation loss ofnational
this wisdom. If there is
development,
an agency involved to support to create a and
prosperity database of folk doctors
sustainability, we are to use in the
currently
community as a center of learning, and share
prepared to experiences
develop theincreative
the community,
educational in lined
and
with Bunliang Tumtong (2545), referring to Ajchara
learning systems andSumangkaset
to equip students and Team
with the (2559)
use
said that the community can help of in the learningtechnologies
innovative process because the community
of knowledge. We hashavea
valuable resource that is “wisdom” whichimportance
placed is from the accumulationaccomplished
oncultivating of experienceand of
social life in a different environment and transmitted
proficient graduatesforasthe a culture.
nationalLocal
develphilosopher is
development.
considered as a community recognized person can advise the local community for
educational resources in community such as family, community, temple or religious
institute, public libraries, health centers, government offices, etc.
6. Suggestions President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
1. The knowledge of traditional doctors should be integrated with other

sciences in order to develop the invention which is a truly usable product and has been
scientifically validated.
2. Creating public spaces for the community's herbal garden so that community
member can benefit of herbs together.
3. Traditional doctors’s houses should be opened as a source of community
knowledge, including taking consideration to have knowledge and wisdom of the local
doctors into formal education.
7. References
[1] Opascha Mararat. (2005). Traditional folk wisdom with the use of herbs
for treatment of illness; Mr. Wawong Wongkham, Ban Khun Chan,
Satham Subdistrict, Phurua District, Loei Province, Case study.
Negotiation Health Wisdom Negotiation Of local knowledge. Sirindhorn
Anthropology Center (Public Organization).
[2] Agave Suan Agriculture & Chaiwat Nantasri. (2015). The wisdom of the
local medicine doctor case study in Nam Na district, Kalasin province.
Journal of Library Research.
2161dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNThe URK YGO

Study ofLIdentity
ONHCEto T Add
FO YValue
TISRE forVIHomestays
NU ALAGNAMAJAR
in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
pehtgnurK ygoTharida o ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
lonhceT fSakulrat
Branch Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala
ygolonhcet evitaerc aUniversity
eb ot smofiaTechnology
KTUMR Suvarnabhumi 
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehtharida.tan@hotmail.com
T .aisA ni ytisrevinu
lanoitanretni ot ngila tahThapakornt smulucirruThongkamnush
c cimedaca
hcraeseBranch
r eht dTourism
etomorpand oslHospitality,
a evah eWFaculty .sdradof
naLiberal
ts Arts, Rajamangala
cimedacaofeTechnology
evitaerc htiw secivresUniversity ht ,tnempolSuvarnabhumi
eved
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht Abstract rednU
,tnempoThislevedresearch
lanoitaisn a rstudy
etsof ofotidentity
noitavtoonfind
ni dthe
na approaches to increase the value
ofylhomestay
tnerruc ein raPhraNakhon
ew ,ytilibaSiniAyutthaya
atsus dnaProvince.
ytirepsoThe
rp purpose is to offer value-added
approaches
dna lanoitusing
acude the
evihomestay
taerc eht identity
polevedinoPhraNakhon
t deraperp Si Ayutthaya Province through
Qualitative
esu eht htiResearch
w stnedutmethod.The
s piuqe ot dpopulation
na smetsystognprovide
inrael information in this study is the
government
evah eW .esector,
gdelwonthek focommunity,
seigolonhcethe t evhomestay
itavonni foentrepreneurs in PhraNakhon Si
Ayutthaya
dna dehsiProvince.
lpmocca gThenitavresearchers
itlucno ecnusedatropamspecific
i decalpsampling method with the use of
semi-structured
.tnempolequestionnaire
ved lanoitan etohtcollect
rofsetainformation
udarg tneicifand
orp analyzed content.Based on the
data collection, a value added approach is propose by using the identity of homestays in
PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province which are the identity of natural environment,
cultural identity of traditional architecture, identity of experience and feeling good by
the kindness of the host. ianThe
itiNtiresearch
kuS.rD has brought the identity of homestays in
PhraNakhon
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevintoUdefine
Si Ayutthaya Province alagnathe
majapproach
aR fo tnetodisadd
erP value. The results are
that the identity of natural environment, Cultural tourism should be added value to
religious, cultural and tourist attractions. There should be a renovation of cultural
attractions and value adding for agricultural tourism, cultural identity of homestay and
traditional architecture. Identity of homestay in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province is
that mostly house is in Thai style which is the architectural identity of the Thai. This can
add value to existing architectures, resulting in increased revenue.In term of history and
historical traces, adding value to historical sites by creating an ancient atmosphere
including the building of the Historical Study Center or the history of the community in
each area should be done by using of technology to help in telling stories from the local
philosophers the community for tourists who want to study and learn about folk
customs, festivals Identity, experience and feeling of homestay.In terms of creating
value from the hostility of the host and member, Home owners should make the
impression of hospitality and services that come to visit the homestay, create value for
food, which should find local ingredients to add value to the accommodation. There
should be a sheltered accommodation, clean and comfortable bed, shower room and cl
toilet, decorated beautifully, has a good atmosphere and the security.
Keywords : Identity, Value added, RuralCulture - Experienced Accommodation
1. Introduction
Homestay is a unique showcase of local attractions, traditions, and cultures, as

well as local activities. Therefore, the geography and lifestyle of each community result
February
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Thailand15
in theRAJAMANGALA
difference homestayUNIVERSITY
accommodationOF in TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
each locality. (Homestay or rural culture-
experienced accommodation, 2015) In addition, most homestay operators in the
community need to work Messagetogether from the President
to build a community of network and to organize
Rajamangala
activities, programs, tours, andUniversity
services. ofAsTechnology
a result, theKrungthep
competition in homestay
accommodation in the same area is minimal, but in terms of competition for homestay
accommodation in different areas RMUTK aims
 or communities. to be accommodation
Homestay a creative technology
in each
area, each community may compete university
for a in fairAsia. The(homestay,
market university community
has accordingly
tour,
2015). This is depends on the different advantages of the community, such as and
focused on the development of our personnel the
prominence of tourism in the area,academic
the strengthcurriculums that alignthetopresentation
of the community, international
of
local activities to the tourists, etc.standards.
The community We have and thealsogroup
promoted the research
of homestay should
create value from the unique in their development,
own area to the academic
create ic services
a selling with creative
point to attract tourists
concepts,because
to stay and save money without investing and the ofpreservation
the homestayof arts
in and culture. Si
PhraNakhon
Ayutthaya Province is unique in the context Underofthegovernment’s
the area itself.Fromvisionallofthe
Thailand
above
4.0 that emphasizes
mentioned factors, researchers recognized the importance the use of technology,
of identity educationcreativity,
to find
ways to add value to the homestay andin PhraNakhon
innovation to Si Ayutthaya Province
foster national to find the
development,
prominence of the Identity of homestay
prosperityin PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya
and sustainability, we Province. They
are currently
can also add value to community resources
prepared and homestays
to develop thein creative
PhtaNakhon Si Ayutthaya
educational and
Province to be sustainable for community
learningbusiness
systemsdevelopment.
and to equip students with the use
2. Research Aims placed importance oncultivating accomplished and
devel
To present the approach for value add by using the identity of homestays in
PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
3. Research Methodology Dr.SukitNitinai

President of Rajamangala Universityofof Technology Krungthep
Research on identity study to find ways to add value to homestay in
PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province was based on qualitative research to study the
homestay in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. The results of the research and related
documents were taken into account for designing a Value-adding approach by using
homestay identity inPhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. Data were collected by
interview and the area to study consists of eco-tourism village as- Sai Noi homestay,
KlongRangchorlakaeHomestay and KohkertHomestay. The research instrument was a
semi-structured interview with questions about the value creation of the unique natural
environment, value creation from cultural identity,value creation from the unique
experiences and feelings of homestay stays in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. The
collection of qualitative data combines the collection of relevant documents and
resources of the area, interviews and analysis of content analysis.
4. Results
Based on the study of relevant research papers, it found that the identity of the
homestays inPhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province is a distinction in natural environment,
cultural aspects, Experiences and feelings that can bring an outstanding identity in
various fields to create value added through the results from the interviews with
entrepreneurs andinterviews with entrepreneurs and stakeholders as follows:
The identity of nature environment of the homestays inPhraNakhon Si
Ayutthaya Province
2181dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTG 1.NCultural
URK YG OLONH
tourism: CET FO YTof
Adding-value ISRreligious,
EVINU A LAGNA
cultural MA
and JAR
traditional
tourism should renovate cultural attractions, for example, temples in the museum
community, as well as other buildings fo tnedisreflecting
erP eht mThai orf ecultural
gasseM wisdom. Cultural tourism
should be managed peso
htgitnushould
rK ygobe hceT fo yttourism,
lonorganized isrevinUeducation,
alagnamainformation
jaR on the
importance of history, the history of cultural resources in the tourist. It provides
ygolonhcet toevtravelers
information itaerc a on eb how
ot sm toiaenrich
KTUM R experience.
their  At the same time, it will
ylgnidarsense
create occa sofahpride
ytisrin
evithe
nu cultural
ehT .aisheritage
A ni ytof isrethe
vinlocal
u community so the community
dna lcharge
may ennosrevisitors
p ruo fo for tnemmaintenance.
poleved eht nIto dshouldesucof be managed to cultivate the
lanoitanretni of
consciousness ot the
ngilpeople
a taht insmthe uluccommunity
irruc cimedtoacalove the tenacious treatment and
hcraeser local
encourage eht dcommunities
etomorp oslatoevparticipate
ah eW .sin drathe
dnatmanagement
s of their resources in
evitaetorc receive
order htiw sethe es cimeof
civrbenefits dactourism
a eht ,tninemvarious
polevedways, for example, hiring a tour
.erutltransportation
operator, uc dna stra fo services,
noitavresaccommodation
erp eht dna ,stpecservices,
noc selling souvenirs, etc. Travel
dnaliahT fo should
arrangements noisiv be s’tnmade
emnretovoeducate
geht redtourists
nU in order to gain a better understanding
of,ythe
tiviculture
taerc ,ygand
oloenjoyment.
nhcet fo esuThis eht salso
eziscreates
ahpme tawareness
aht 0.4 in the conservation of cultural
and
,tneenvironmental
mpoleved lanotourism itan reresources.
tsof ot noAlso, itavonthere
ni dshould
na be organized in a way that
respects
yltnerruthec sacred
era ew culture
,ytiliwithin
baniatsthe
us community.
dna ytirepsorp
dna lanoitacu2.deThe evitagricultural
aerc eht potourism:
leved ot Adding-
deraperpvalue to agricultural tourism by
setting
esu ehstandards
t htiw stnforeduservices
ts piuqe and ot dregulations
na smetsys to gnimpress
inrael the tourists. This can be done
byevmanaging
ah eW .egasdean lwagricultural
onk fo seigotourism;
lonhcet sightseeing
evitavonni should
fo be around the community to
see
dnathedeagricultural
hsilpmoccaactivities
gnitavitluandcnothe ecntourists
atropmcani debuy
calp agricultural products thoroughly;
there should
.tnempbe olevaeddemonstration
lanoitan eht rohall fsetaand
udarstaff
g tneitocifoprepare
rp a demonstration to offer
agricultural products; there should be a tour guide or lecturer with the money box can to
allow the tourist to put their money as a gift for the lecturer; provide a corner for the rest
of the food and beverage distribution center, and ask people in the community to serve
and too distribute incomeito anilocal
tiNtikform
uS.rD selling
 souvenir products including agricultural
products
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fdisposal,
in neighboring communities; prepare waste o tnedisewet
rP waste and dry waste
with clean toilets. The garden can be sold directly to tourists; some of the fresh produce
can be processed into another product of food preserving to tourists as the revenue
increases.
Cultural identity of homestay
1. Adding value to traditional architecture Identity: Homestay
inPhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province are mostly Thai or Modern Thai house- the
architectural identity of the Thais that can make an income for the owner. The owner of
a living space in the house that is not used can be adapted for tourists to stay. Visitors
must stay in the same house as the owner and have the opportunity to exchange cultures
and ways of life as well as convey the culture of the local tourists to impress tourists and
back again or tell to find new customers.
2. History and historical traces: Adding-value to historical sites by
creating an atmosphere of ancient and ancient Thai dress including the building of the
Historical Study Center or the history of the community in each area. The technology to
help in local philosophers in telling the story can benefit the tourists who want to study
and learn.
3. Folk customs and festivals:PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province has
traditional folk culture festivals which are important and unique that has long been
inherited. Homestay will have a local culture of each area. Unlike any other, it attracts
tourists, but requires conservation. Inheritance and importance
Identity of experience and feeling of homestay inPhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya
Province
February
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1. The hospitality OF TECHNOLOGY
of the host and members: The KRUNGTHEP
value-added to the
hostility of the host and member- Homeowners should make the impression of
hospitality and service thatMessage
they havefrom the President
come of
to visit homestay should be timely, the
speed of serviceRajamangala University
from the contact of Technology
or the reception of thingsKrungthep
to impress tourists. It should
be clear that the service whether information or operations must be accurate and always
clear; the accommodation should  arrangeRMUTK aims toand
the atmosphere be clean;
a creative technology
there is a sign of
universitythein person;
the place and the procedure of contacting Asia. The university
the host shouldhas accordingly
be smiling and
eager to welcome, have good communication that will create a positive image from the personnel and
reception with gentle tone, shouldacademic curriculums
pay attention that align
to the feelings to international
of tourists. The owner
should develop technology tools and standards. We for
techniques have alsocontact
quick promoted the research
in public relations
information development, the academic ic services with creative
concepts,
2. Food: The value added and the
of food preservation
should be done with of arts
theand culture.
local products
like vegetables, river fish and fruit in the community to save money vision and to beof unique
Thailandin
the area. Traditional Thai desserts 4.0 that
whichemphasizes
are unique theinusePhraNakhon
of technology, Si creativity,
Ayutthaya
Province should beavailable to purchase and the entrepreneurs
and innovation to foster shouldnationalconsider the value
development,
of the purchase by maintaining theprosperity
quality andandfreshness and a variety
sustainability, weof are
creative ideas,
currently
from packaging to packaging. prepared to develop the creative educational and
3. Accommodation:learning
value added
systemsaccommodation
and to equip students should with
be done by
the use
setting a sheltered accommodationoftoinnovative
be clean with comfortable
technologies of bed, shower room
knowledge. We have and
clean toilet. The accommodation should
placed have a restfuloncultivating
importance corner. The accomplished
atmosphere should and
look pleasant and safety for stay proficient
that wouldgraduatesfor
add more value to the homestay.
the national devel
development.
This study is a study on identity to find ways to add value to country culture
accommodation (Homestay) President of Rajamangala
in Phranakhon Universityof
Si Ayutthaya of Technology
Province as a Krungthep
Qualitative
research. Population that provided the information were community groups and
government agencies in the area of homestay assessment in Thailand, PhraNakhon Si
Ayutthaya Province. Based on the data collection, an identity value-added approach has
been proposed using the unique rural culture of PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya as follows: 1)
it is possible to create value from the unique nature of the environment; 2) it is possible
to create value from the cultural identity of traditional architecture; 3) it is possible to
create the value of the experience and the feeling of good by the hostility of the host by
value added from what has been improved, promoted, and resolved from all the people
in the community participating in increasing the value of their cultural touch by taking
into consideration the benefits of the community as a whole, it is a way of welcoming
visitors as a way to generate income and resources in the community for continuous
increase in value, as a way to distribute income to the community sustainably.
A study on identity study to find ways to create more value for accommodation
with rural culture experience (homestay) in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province was
based on the theory and research related to the context of the community, about lodging
and touching rural culture in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. It found that the
community that provides a touch of rural culture has the potential to become a
community and have cultural tourism resources, tourism, agriculture, local lifestyles,
and people in the community must have good courteousness to impress tourists.This is
in line with the find of Shiyakabut,.Kulying (2010) whose research on the management
of homestay farming in Muang District, NongKhai Province about the potential factors
for tourism accommodation include topography, utilities, personnel, residences,
2201dnalFebruary
Thailand
activities,PEvisitor
HTGNsatisfaction
URK YGOfrom LONhospitality,
HCET FOcaring, YTISR EVINU Aparticipation,
community LAGNAMAJfriendly,
AR
helpful, cleanliness of the accommodation The comments from the tourists of rural
culture experience was that the fo trural
nedisculture
erP ehtexperienced
morf egasseaccommodation
M is unique in
the natural environment, pehtgnthe urKcultural
ygolontourism
hceT foand ytisthereviunique
nU alaexperience
gnamajaR and feel of the
hostility of the host and members.Visitors also recommended that there should be more
ygolonhcet and
information evitadvertisement
aerc a eb ot about smia the KTuniqueness
UM R and
 difference of accommodation
toylexperience
gnidrocca sthe ah yrural
tisrevculture
inu ehT .aisA ni ytisSi
ofPhraNakhon revAyutthaya
inu Province more. It should
d n a le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e d e h t n o d e s u c of
have unique souvenirs, which should make it a highlight of the countryside in rural
lanoitainPhraNakhon
culture nretni ot ngilaSi tAyutthayaaht smulucProvinceirruc cimSigns edacaor signs in the contact area still
hcraeser ethat
insufficient ht dshould
etomorhavep osala clear evahsignposts
eW .sdshouldradnatsbe advertised in the access to the
evitaculture
rural erc htiw ecivres cimeSi
of sPhraNakhon dacAyutthaya
a eht ,tneProvince.
mpolevedThis is in line with the research
study.eofrutlEiamauran.,
uc dna stra foUrai noit(2007)
avreserabout
p eht dthe na ,shomestay
tpecnoc of Ban Mae Eom Community,
dnalia4,hTThepSadet
Moo fo noisiv s’Sub-District,
tnemnrevogehDoiSaket t rednU District, Chiang Mai Province. The
,ytivitaerc ,has
community ygolaongreat
hcet potential
fo esu ehtinsethe zisaarea
hpmeand tahthet 0.4environment is very peaceful, the
access
,tnemptoolthe
evedvillage
lanoiistanconvenient
retsof oby t ncaroitawith
vonnpaved
i dnaroads both inside and outside the
village,
yltnerrusecure
c eraandewcomfortable
,ytilibaniaaccommodation.
tsus dna ytirepThis sorpis an important factor of the eco-
tourism
dna lanbusiness
oitacude in evithomestay
aerc eht pstyle olevedwhich ot deisrapalsoerp ecologically appropriate. The
community
esu eht htiw culture
stneduistsstill
piuqof e ohigh
t dnaquality
smetsyand s gnattractive.This
inrael research on the current
eco-tourism
evah eW .esituation
gdelwonkinfothe seihomestay
golonhcet found evitavothatnni people
fo in the community who are
interested
dna dehsin ilpdoing
moccabusiness
gnitavitlalso
ucnoneed ecnato trolearn
pmi daelot. calpCommunity leaders therefore are
very important
.tnempolein vedbringing
lanoitanknowledge
eht rofsetauand dargtraining
tneiciforto p the members. They must be
consistent throughout including marketing planning meetings for clear division of
responsibilities of tourism Ecotourism Including public relations to make Community
members ready to cooperate very well. This is in line with the findings of
LanguSuthat(2008) on study ianiontiNthetikulifestyle
S.rD and potential of eco-tourism for homestay
onKohLantaKrabi
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alpotential
Province aboutthe agnamajaRfor fo teco-tourism
nediserP homestay which
comprises:1) The potential for natural resources - coastal forests and islands that can be
used as a tourist attraction as well; 2) Convenient transportation and utilities that are
sufficient for the tourists. Considering the way of life in the profession of wisdom and
culture of the Sanga-ou community, there should be public relations for tourists,
government agencies. Get acknowledged in various media. It should be educated to the
public to understand the nature of eco-tourism to develop better infrastructure with the
publicity of routes and tourist attractions in the community by providing signs and
routes in Thai and English.Entrepreneurs, people in the community and related
organizations can bring information to develop the community for rural culture
experience inPhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province to bring the results of identity study to
find ways to add value to accommodation, of rural culture experience to create income
for the community as well. This findings was in accordance with Wongpitak.,Suwimol
(2006)’study on the possibility for establishing a homestay business with community
participation:A case study of Ban Pang Ma community, Mae Na Sub-District, Chiang
Dao District,Chiangmai Province. It found from the study that Pang Mai Village has the
potential to establish a homestay business, with the community participating as an
entrepreneur because of the factors supporting both internal and external factors.
Internal factors include community involvement, community readiness, community
constraints, way of life, well-being and local wisdom, context and current state of the
community, access to communities, and utilities.
External factors include the opportunity of the community to develop as a
tourist destination and the establishment of a homestay business, while the internal
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
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Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
factors include the barriersUNIVERSITY
that negatively OF TECHNOLOGY
impact the community KRUNGTHEP
as a tourist destination
and the establishment of a homestay-based business. Taking into account both factors, it
is possible to analyze that Message
Pangmaofrom the has
Village President of
the potential to establish a homestay
business, with Rajamangala
the community University of Technology
participating Krungthep Therefore, the
as an entrepreneur.
appropriate way to set up a homestay business can be done by encourage community
participation and entrepreneurship  of theRMUTK
Pangmaoaims to be need
community a creative technology
to be prepared in
various areas for the community, university in Asia.
especially The management
in the university hasofaccordingly
homestay
accommodation, community development, focused on the with
along development of our personnel
the conservation of communityand
identity. The research concludes that academic
people incurriculums
the community that must
alignbetoinvolved
international
in the
management of the homestay business standards.
in orderWe havethealso
to meet needspromoted the research
of the community.
6. Suggestions concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
This research is a study of4.0 that emphasizes
identity the use oftotechnology,
to find an approach increase the creativity,
value of
homestays inPhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. The
and innovation to researchers studieddevelopment,
foster national approach to
add value to homestays in termsprosperityof value addand from identity ofwe
sustainability, the are
nature of the
currently
homestay, value add of homestay in cultural
prepared identity,the
to develop value add from
creative the identity
educational and
experiences and feelings of homestay. learningThe entrepreneurs
systems in various
and to equip students communities
with the use in
PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province of can apply thetechnologies
innovative results to adapt their application
of knowledge. area
We have
to improve the quality of accommodation, tourism activities
placed importance and services
oncultivating to tourists who
accomplished and
come to study the way to live inproficient
the homestay and generate
graduatesfor incomedevelopment.
the national for the community
devel
to sustainably.
Recommendations for further research
1. This research is a study of homestay in Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya
Province only. Next research therefore should be conducted in other provinces with
homestay that will resultPresident
in more specific research in each area.
of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
2. This research is a study of homestay accommodation inPhraNakhon Si
Ayutthaya Province. The next research should be researched in other forms of
accommodation, such as resort, hostel or agrarian accommodation for the purpose of
collecting information on the development of accommodation for tourists.
3. The next research may be research on the development of services that
can measure service quality more effectively and the development of service quality
indicators to suit the hotel and tourist groups.
7. References
[1] Department of Tourism. (2012). Tourism statistics. Researched on

October 2, 2012. From http: // www.tourism.go.th
[2] Eiamauran Urai. (2007). The feasibility study for the homestay of Maejo
community, Moo 4, TambonThep, DoiSaket District. Chiangmai
Province. Faculty of Business Administration: Maejo University
[3] Langu Suthat. (2007). Research on lifestyle and potential for eco-
tourism, A Case study of Sea Farmer in Ban Langka Ou. KoLanta
District, Krabi Province, Faculty of Development Strategies
[4] Homestay or accommodation with rural culture. Experience, deceived on
May 25, 2015, from http: // www.tourism.go.th/index.php?option=com
_content&task=view&id = 1937 &Itemid = 39).
2221dnalFebruary
Thailand
P[5]
EHTG NURK YCommunity
Homestay GOLONHCTour. E T FO YTISdeceived
(2015). REVINUon ALMay
AGN25,AM2015,
AJARfrom
http: //www.siamfreestyle com / forum / index.php? showtopic = 1593.
fo tnedise(2011).
[6] ShiyankalabudKulying. rP eht m orfpotential
The egasseMof the community in the
pehtgnurof
management K homestay,
ygolonhceTBan fo yChomchaeng,Muang
tisrevinU alagnamaDistrict,
jaR NongKhai
Province, Faculty of Agricultural Business: KhonKaen University.
ygolonh[7]cet evWongpitakSuwimol.
itaerc a eb ot smia(2006)
KTUM R
. Research on
 the feasibility of setting up a
ylgnidrocca shomestay
ah ytisrevibusiness.Participants:
nu ehT .aisA ni ytisreA vinucase study of Ban Pang Ma
dna lennosrepcommunity,
ruo fo tnemTambon
poleved ehMaet no dNa,
esucoChiang
f Dao district.Chiangmai
lanoitanretni Province.Faculty
ot ngila taht sm ofulResearch
ucirruc ciand
medacLocal
a Development, Chiang Mai
hcraeser eht Rajabhat
detomorUniversity
p osla evah eW .sdradnats
RAJAMANGALA
The Guideline toUNIVERSITY
Enhance the OF TECHNOLOGY
Service KRUNGTHEP
Quality of the Guesthouse in
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
Phimphorn of Technology
Phimsuwan Krungthep
Tourism and Hotel Department, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangkala University of

Technology Suvarnabhumi, RMUTK
PhranakhornaimsSritoAyutthaya
be a creative
District,technology
university in Asia. The
Phranakhorn Sri Ayutthaya 13000 university has accordingly
academic
Benjaporncurriculums
Chuapung that align to international
Tourism and Hotel Department,standards.
Faculty ofWe have
Liberal also
Arts, promoted University
Rajamangkala the research
of
development,
Technology Suvarnabhumi, the academic
Phranakhorn ic services
Sri Ayutthaya with creative
District,
concepts,Sri
Phranakhorn and the preservation
Ayutthaya 13000 of arts and culture.
4.0 that emphasizes
Thanarat Ratanapongtrathe use of technology, creativity,
Tourism and Hotel Department,and innovation
Faculty to Arts,
of Liberal foster national development,
Rajamangkala University of
Technology Suvarnabhumi, Phranakhorn Sri Ayutthaya District,
Phranakhorn
preparedSritoAyutthaya
develop 13000
ofWanwisa
innovativePunkhoom
2English Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,
Thepsatri Rajabhat University Mueang Lop Buri, Lop Buri, 15000
devel
*Corresponding author’s : pim.catherine@gmail.com
Abstract
This research aims to present guidelines for quality enhancement for guesthouses
President
in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya of Rajamangala
Island Universityof
City and to study needsofand
expectations of customers
for guesthouses in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Island City. The samplers in this research were
entrepreneurs of 13 guesthouse and 400 local and foreign tourists who have been visiting
Ayutthaya and stayed in guesthouses by using a questionnaire. The result reveals that most of
tourists are female with 20-30 years old most of all are single, graduates in Bachelor and
employees/workers at companies have income 2,001-2,500$ aim to the area for recreation
and have 2-5 companies on the trip, stayed for 2-3 nights, booked the room in advance,
choose to stay at the guesthouse because of good service and their first visit. For the
expectation of the service from customers of the guesthouse, the mean on tangible of the
service which meant the customers have quite high expectation. The reliability of the service
is quite high level of expectation. The responsiveness to the needs of customers is quite high
level of expectation. The assurance is quite high level of expectation and the empathy is quite
high level of expectation. For the guidelines to enhance and improve quality of service are in
5 dimensions namely tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy.
Keywords : Enhance the service quality, guesthouse, economical accommodation,
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
1. Introduction and Research Objective

Tourism continues to grow though the situation is uncertain caused by terrorists,
natural disasters, epidemics, and rising fuel prices including the uncertainty in the economy
and the politics of many countries around the world. These are negative factors for tourism
yet the trend of the number of tourists from all over the world continues to increase. The
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) expects that there will be between 900 and 920
2241dnalFebruary
2

million ofPinternational
EHTGNURtravelers K YGOLworldwide,
ONHCET an FOincrease
YTISRof EV3-4%
INU A LAG
each NAM
year, AJgenerate
and AR
tourism revenue around the world, about 870-880 billion US dollars. China is a key driver in
the recovery of world tourism. fIto tisneestimated diserP ehthat t moby rf e2020,
gasseM there will be 1,561 million
tourists with an average pehgrowth
tgnurK ygof
rate olo4.1%
nhceper T foyearytis(Strategy
revinU aof lagTourism
namajaandR Sports 2012-
2016). According to the Department of Tourism in 2015, it showed that Phra Nakhon Si
ygolonhProvince
Ayutthaya cet evitawas erc visited
a eb oby t sm ia K
both TUM
Thai andR foreign  tourists in the total number of
ylgnidrpeople
1,548,608 occa sthat ah ywere
tisrevdivided
inu ehTinto .ai1,205,428
sA ni ytisThai revintourists
u and 343,180 foreign tourists,
d n a le n n o s re p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e d e h t n o d e s uc of
increase by 4.25% from the year 2014. The average rate of stay was 2.68 days, divided into
2.64laThai
noitatourists
nretni o2.64 t ngforeign
ila tahtourists.
t smuluThe cirruaverage
c cimepayment
daca was 1,966.32 baht per person
per hday,
craedivided
ser eht into detoThai
morptourists
osla 1,737.42
evah eWbaht, .sdrforeign
adnats tourists 2,736.18 baht. Typically,
the emoney
vitaercishtpaidiw sfor ecivthe cimedabaht.
res 467.22 ca ehPhrat ,tneNakhon
mpoleveSid Ayutthaya Province is a cultural
.eruand
attraction tluc beautiful
dna stra fotraditions
noitavresethat rp ehpersuades
t dna ,stpetourists
cnoc to visit ancient cites and see
antiques, both round trip and overnight. The accommodations in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya
Province are various from the big hotel, medium Hotels to the saving price accommodation
or Guesthouse, which tourists both
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna Thai and foreigners to stay popular because of its cheap
price. Guesthouse is a foreign language
yltnerruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp that Thai people are familiar with by using
transliteration. It can be translated
dna lanoitacude evitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp as a house for guest or small hotel to welcome guests
privacy separated. The style of Guesthouse in Thailand at first stage was a room for rent or
living space in a house for foreigners to rent a short 2-3 days in the price. As a sequence, the
model of the Guesthouse business is not full-fledged yet it is like a way to earn a little extra
income. Over a period of just a few years, the guesthouse business has grown with the
modifications.tnemofpothe levtype
ed laof noservice
itan ehttorocommercial
fsetaudarg buildings
tneiciforpand close to standard hotels with
the management that had become a full-fledged business.
At this present, guesthouse is known for its economical budget accommodation yet the
service is not as comfortable as a hotel. Ministry of Tourism and Sports defined the
definition of a guesthouse asiaan nitaccommodation
iNtikuS.rD that is adapted and divided into rooms for
pehtgwith
travelers nurKless
ygoservice
lonhceT foyan
than tisrapartment
evinU alagwith
namaajacompensation
R fo tnediserPand charge daily or not
more than 1 month in total (Buranasilapin.,Woraphan, 2558)
In hotel business, quality of service is the heart of business success. Therefore, the
quality of service is considered as the key weapon in creating a competitive advantage
because it will help to create a good image and customers are willing to pay more for the
service is superior. It is one thing to make customers loyal to the hotel. Loyalty is what drives
repeat purchases and may result in increased purchases. This group of customers will not be
affected by the lower price. It is also an important tool in advertising for new customers.
Therefore, under the severe competition of the hotel business, upgrading service quality is an
important strategy for entrepreneurs to consider. (Wanwanich,Yupawan, 2005) By contrast,
guesthouse is managed by the owner without a standard service agency so it cannot use the
strength of the price to compete. Therefore, guesthouse needs to depend on its service to
maximize customer satisfaction and reuse or tell each other. From the strategic plan of the
Ministry of Tourism and Sports 2012-2016 Strategy 1: the Enhancement of quality tourism
products and services. There are major enhancement approaches namely enhance product
standards and services to be sustainable including the establishment has adopted the standard
of tourism services. Based on the above factors, the researcher has recognized the importance
of improving the quality of guesthouse services in Phra Nakorn Si Ayutthaya Province to
accommodate the increasing number of tourists. In this study, the researchers studied the
quality of the service and the needs and expectations of customers who come to the savings
accommodation in order to achieve the quality of service of saving in Phra Nakorn Si
Ayutthaya city island to entrepreneurs in order to take this approach to improve the quality of
service of the guest house in Phra Nakorn Si Ayutthaya city island.
3

RAJAMANGALA
2. Research UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
Methodology
Concepts and theoryMessage

of Servicefrom the President of
Quality
Satisfaction
Satisfaction refers to "the level of customer satisfaction that results from the
comparison between the benefits  of theRMUTK product aims to beperformance
or product a creative technology
with customer
university
expectations. If the customer receives in Asia.
a product The university
or service has accordingly
that is lower than what the
customer expects. It will cause dissatisfaction. If the customer receives a product or and
focused on the development of our personnel service
higher than what the customer expect,academic curriculums
it will that alignOrto “the
bring satisfaction." international
needs under
expectations and perceptions of thestandards.
customer” We have
(Suriya. also2007).
Surak, promoted the research
Service Quality, Expectation development,
and Perception the academic ic services with creative
concepts,
Expectations are customers’ and about
beliefs the preservation
the service of to arts and culture.
receive that customers
use as a standard or service quality metrics.UnderIf the thegovernment’s
customer believes vision of Thailand
the service will be the
expected service, it will bring satisfaction. If the service exceeds expectations, the more
difficult it will be to forget. Byand contrast, if the service is lower than
innovation to foster national development, expected, it will
disappoint the customers and the customers evaluate the service
prosperity and sustainability, we are currently is lower (Chinovat.
Kanitharin, 2007). Factors that affect
preparedservice quality and
to develop customer educational
the creative experience will
and be
provided by the service (Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman (1990), cited in Chinovat.
Kanitharin, 2007) as 1) Tangibles; (2) Reliability; (3) Responsiveness; (4) Assurance and (5)
Empathy. Measuring service quality is a comparison of expectations. The customer expects
the customer to receive the actual service. SERVQUAL (Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman,
1990). The service quality assessment toolgraduatesfor
proficient the nationalconsists
called "SERVQUAL" devel of 5 aspects as
development.
follows.(1) Tangibles; (2) Reliability; (3) Responsiveness; (4) Assurance and (5) Empathy
This research was an quantitative and qualitative research by the quantitative
research was done by the use of Checklist questionnaire. The questionnaire was to compare
the expectations. (Before service) and service Dr.SukitNitinai
received (After the service) among 400
samples by convenientPresident of Rajamangala
or accidental sampling yetUniversityof
specifiedof that
the sample group must
stayed or would like to say in the saving accommodation guesthouse)
Qualitative Research was conducted with In-depth Interview with the sample
group who were the guesthouse entrepreneurs in 13 Guesthouses in Phra Nakhon Si
Ayutthaya Islands using simple random sampling method. The data collection was secondary
data on the context of tourism statistics, tourist statistics, Literary review and research related
to economical residences.
Data analysis was conducted with statistical software by using descriptive
statistics as follows: Frequency, Percentage, Central Tendency, Mean, Measure of Variation,
Standard Deviation (SD) and also used Inference Statistics, including Parametric Inference, t-
test, and content analysis.
2261dnalFebruary
Thailand
PResearch
EHTGNU RK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Framework


3. Research result
Table 1 showed the mean and standard deviation of the service quality of guesthouses in
5 dimensions.
Service Quality 
 Translation
1. Tangibles 3.43 Medium
2. Reliability 3.90 High
3. Responsiveness 3.91 High
4. Assurance 3.84 High
5. Empathy 3.73 High
Mean 3.76 High
The research found that 13 Guesthouse in Ayutthaya Island city in terms of the
service quality of Guesthouse in 5 dimensions namely the Responsiveness was 3.91 in
average the service quality was at good level; the reliability was 3.90 in average the
service quality was at good level; assurance was 3.84 in average the service quality was
at good level; empathy was 3.73 in average the service quality was at good level; the
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
227
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
tangibles UNIVERSITY
was 3.43 in average the service OFquality
TECHNOLOGY
was at goodKRUNGTHEP
level. The quality of
service in 5 dimensions was 3.76.in average the service quality was at good level.
Considering the Message
number from the President
of tourists visitingofPhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya
Rajamangala
Province, The majority University
of respondents wereoffemale,
Technology
59.3%Krungthep
were in the age group of 20-
30 years, 41.8% had single status, 53.0% had a bachelor degree, 40.0% had an
employee / US $ 2,001-2,500,  45.0%, 67.5% RMUTK aims
with to purposes,
travel be a creative72.5% technology
with 2-5
university
persons, and a stay of 2-3 nights with 39.3% in Asia. The
, booking university
in advance has accordingly
by 72.8 percent, the
logical choice of staying is goodfocused
service on
by the
34.5development
percent, and of theour personnel
traveler and
was 51.0
percent for the first time. academic curriculums that align to international
Table 3 showed the mean and standard development,
deviation the academic
of the ic services
comparison with creative
of expectations and
perceptions on the service quality ofconcepts, and the in
the guesthouse preservation of arts and culture.
terms of tangibles.
4.0 that emphasizes the usePerception
Expectation of technology,Difference
creativity,
Service Quality and innovation  to foster national
 development,

 
1.Tangibles prosperity and sustainability,
3.97 4.21 we are currently
4.09
2.Reliability 3.89 4.25 4.07
3.Responsiveness 3.98 4.21 4.11
4.Assurance 3.98 4.22 4.04
5.Empathy 3.84 4.20 4.02
devel
Mean 3.21 4.21 4.06
The research found that when customers receive services and make a
comparison between expectations and the perception of service quality in all five
aspects has an average perception. (After service)
President of Rajamangala Universityof ofincreased compared
Technology Krungthepto
expectations (Before service) indicated that the customer are satisfied with the
service quality.
In-depth interview on how to improve the quality of service in Guesthouse in
PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Island City with 13 entrepreneurs the summary was as
follows.
1. Tangibles-The accommodation should be clean and set the standard of
clean room, change the sheets every time a guest leaves the room. The environment
must be repaired or renovated in a beautiful state. The staffs must dress politely to
honor the guests. The location should have a clear sign and the equipment should be up-
to-date for guests' convenience.
2.Reliability-Most entrepreneurs should provide honest service, pay
attention as if the guest were their close relatives, no overdraft advertisement.
3.Responsiveness-The staffs must have the ability to solve the problem
promptly so the Guests can enjoy the professional service. There should be attention.
Enthusiastic in service and should have enough staffs to provide services.
4.กAssurance- The staffs should be honest, have good knowledge of the
service including English communication skills since it is a basic knowledge for the
business.
5.กEmpathy- The staffs should be friendly, provide service with care and
sincere which is the most important thing.
2281dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGand
4. Conclusion NURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Discussion
Service quality of guesthousesfo tnediserin P ePhraNakhon

ht morf egaSi sseAyutthaya
M Island City found
that there are 39 p ehtgnurK yin
guesthouses onhceT fo ytSi
golPhraNakhon isrAyutthaya
evinU alagProvince
namajaRwhich are 585
rooms in total. They are very popular foreign tourists, especially budget travelers, such
asygbackpackers,
olonhcet evityoung aerc a tourists
eb ot sand mia students
KTUMRbecause this  type of accommodation is
ylgnidrthan
cheaper occa hotel
sah yandtisrethe
vinvisitors
u ehT .focus
aisA onni yconvenience,
tisrevinu simplicity and economy. This
isdin
na line
lennwith
osrepSoioet
ruo foSupatra
tnemp(2010)’s
oleved ehfindings
t no desthatucof"Guest House refers to a place of
lanowhere
rent, itanrettheni ohomeowner
t ngila tahsharest smualuportion
cirruc of cimtheedahouse
ca with the renter. It looks like a
hcryet
hall aesethe
r etoilet
ht deistousually
morp onot sla available.
evah eWBreakfast
.sdradnamay ts be served and open for rent in
evitaeprice”
cheap rc htiw secivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
.erutA luchigh
dnanumber
stra fo nofoitguesthouse
avreserp ehin t dPhraNakhon
na ,stpecnoc Si Ayutthaya reflects the growth
ofdnthe
aliabusiness
hT fo noand isiv what
s’tnem isnimportant
revogeht rto ednthe
U business of all types of accommodation
,ytivibe
must taergiven
c ,ygopriority
lonhcet fis o ethe
su equality
ht sezisaofhpservice.
me taht 0.This4 is in line with Wanakamol,
Pannawika
,tnempolev(2002)
ed lanwho oitansaidretthat
sof the
ot components
noitavonni ofdnquality
a consist of two components,
namely,
yltnerruactual
c era quality
ew ,yand tilibaperceived
niatsus dquality.
na ytireWhatpsorp the customers receive from the
service
dna laproviders
noitacude isevthe itaeexperience.
rc eht poleTherefore,
ved ot dethe rapeperceived
rp quality of service can be
assessed
esu eht hby tiwthestnservice
eduts piproviders
uqe ot dnaand smecustomers.
tsys gninraeThe l quality is determined by the
customers
evah eW or .egthe
delservice
wonk foproviders,
seigolonhwhich
cet evevaluates
itavonni fthe o quality of the service from the
actual
dna dquality
ehsilpmoand cca perceived
gnitavitlucquality
no ecnawhether
tropmi dor ecanot
lp the quality of services is as
expected. .tneTammapong.,
mpoleved lanoWanida itan eht (1995)
rofsetauhas
dargmade
tneicaifcomparison
orp of expected service to
perceived service if the service is less understood than expect, the customers will not be
not satisfied and will not be re-used. If the service is beyond the expected service, the
customers will be satisfied and impressed in service quality. There are four important
factors affecting the quality ianof
itiNservice
tikuS.rD namely,
 the growth of service business, higher
business
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo and
competition, Themore demand of customers tnedservice
iserP quality that reflects
the business conditions.
Most of the guesthouses business in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province are
repurchased by the visitors that reflects the customers impression in service quality and
get more than the expected service, resulting in satisfaction and repurchase The study
on the needs and expectations of customers to use the guesthouse in PhraNakhon Si
Ayutthaya Island City, found that the assessment of needs and expectations of
customers who come to serve as tourists are more female than male. Most of them are
between 20-60 years old with average income over 1,500 USD to come to recreation in
pairs or small group of 5-10 people. The average stay is 1-3 nights, most of which are
booked in advance and usually stay at the same accommodation they once visited. The
first-time-visitors will selected the accommodation from the media and choose a good
service for the repeat visitors with expectation from the top 5 guest houses namely,
Responsiveness, Tangibles, Assurance, Reliability and Empathy. The level of real
service that tourists receive from a guesthouse in 5 dimensions include: Reliability,
Assurance, Responsiveness, Tangibles and Empathy. This is in line with Jinowatt
Kanittharin (2007) who stated that the factors that affect service quality and customer
experience are 5 dimensions as follows:1) Tangibles,2)Reliability,3)Responsiveness,4)
Assurance and 5) Empathy.”Quality of service comes from the fact that customers buy
and use the service and customers’ comparison "What customers expect from the
service" and "what the customer actually gets from the service" If the quality of service
exceeds expectations, customers feel that the service is very good. This will make the
customer more loyal to the service. Entrepreneurs can make a profit for their businesses
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
229
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
and also UNIVERSITY
make their business services moreOF TECHNOLOGY
efficient. This is in line KRUNGTHEP
with the research by
Suriya., Supphalak (2012), stated that the personal factors of ASEAN travelers towards
Messagehotel
the service features of the boutique fromreception
the President of
in Bangkok.
Expectations include University
Rajamangala 3 factors: ofEducational
Technologylevel,Krungthep
Domicile, Career, and
Revenue factor. In terms of perception, there are 4 factors: Educational level, Career,
Occupancy and the Purpose of the RMUTK
 stay factor. aims
Also, the to be a visitors
ASEAN creativeexpect
technology
about
the service quality of responsivenessuniversity
most and in perceive
Asia. The theuniversity has accordingly
service quality of empathy
most.The enhancement of quality of focused
serviceon of the development
guesthouse of our personnel
in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthayaand
academic
island city in terms of the guidelines for the curriculums
enhancement that align to international
and improvement of service
standards.
quality in all 5 dimensions are as follows: We have
Tangible- also promoted must
the accommodation the research
be clean
development,
and set standards of clean room, change theevery
the sheets academic
timeic a services withthe
guest leaves creative
room.
The environment must be repaired concepts, and theinpreservation
or renovated a beautiful of artsThe
state. and culture.
staffs must
dress politely to honor the guests and the Under thegovernment’s
location should havevision clear ofsigns.
Thailand
The
equipment should be up-to-date4.0forthatguests' emphasizes the use of; technology,
convenience 2) Reliability-creativity,
Most
entrepreneursshould provide honestand service, pay attention
innovation as if the
to foster guest were
national their close
development,
relatives, no overdraft advertisement;3) Responsiveness-The
prosperity staffs must
and sustainability, we have
are the ability
currently
to solve the problem promptly so prepared
the Gueststocan enjoy the
develop the professional service. There
should be attention. enthusiastic in servicesystems
learning and should have
and to enough
equip staffs
students to the
with provide
use
services; 4)กAssurance- The staffs should be technologies
of innovative honest, have of good knowledge
knowledge. Weofhavethe
placed importance oncultivating accomplished
service including English communication skills since it is a basic knowledge for the and
business; 5)กEmpathy- The staffs proficient
should graduatesfor
be friendly, the national
provide develwith care and
development.
service
sincere which is the most important thing. This is in line with the findings of Chompong
Wonsupa (2009) that the quality of service in Thailand is not good. Customers have
expectations on hotel security most as well as the friendly and helpful staffs. The gap
that should improve most is that the hotel cannot Dr.SukitNitinai
solve the problem and compensate the
customer as expected. President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
5. Recommendations
1. Government agencies should provide training support and the fund to

improve service quality.
2. Entrepreneurs should have a group in the management and pass the customer
to each other.
6. Recommendation for further research
The Guesthouse should enhance the standard of accommodation, services and

safety of the Guesthouse business in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya city island and
PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. The standard should be in the same direction to
accommodate the tourists that trend to be higher in the future.
7. Reference
[1] Chomwong Worrasupa. (2009). Quality of Service of Hotel Industry in

Thailand : Comparative study between Boutique Hotel and Business
Hotel. Master of Business Administration Thesis. Thammasat University.
2301dnalFebruary
Thailand
P[2]
EHTG NURKKanisatharin.
Jinowat YGOLONHC(2007). ET FO Quality
YTISRE ofVGreen
INU ALeaf
LAGHotel
NAMinASouthern
JAR
Region. Master of Business Administration Thesis. Walailak
fo tnedofiserTourism
University.Ministry P eht moand
rf egaSports.
sseM Strategic Ministry of
pehtgand
Tourism nurSports
K ygol2012
onhc-eT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
2017
[3] Ministry of Tourism and Sports.(2009). Standard of Accommodation for
ygolonhcet eTourism
vitaerc a(Hotel
eb ot / sResort
mia KT UMR Apartment
Serviced  / Guest House) Office of
ylgnidrocca sTourism
ah ytisreDevelopment
vinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
dna len[4]nosrepSuriya
ruo foSuppalak.
tnempole(2013).
ved ehA t nGuide
o desutocoimprove
f the Service Quality of the
lanoitanretni Reception
ot ngila Area
taht in
smASEAN
ulucirruc Hotels:
cimedaAcaBoutique Hotel Bangkok. Thesis
hcraeser eht Master
detomoforpArts.National
osla evah Institute
eW .sdrof adDevelopment
nats Administration.
evitaerc[5]htiwTamapong., medaca (1995).
secivres ciPanida. eht ,tneService
mpolevSatisfying
ed Service Users. Bangkok:
.erutluc dnFaculty
a stra foNursing
noitavrScience,
eserp ehtChulalongkorn
dna ,stpecnoc University
dnaliahT [6]fo nWanakamol.,
oisiv s’tnemnPannipa
revogehet t real.
dnU (2002). Quality of service of the Thanarat
,ytivitaerc ,ygHospital.
olonhcet foAsesperceived
u eht sezisby
ahpthemeservice
taht 0.4users. Master Thesis. Chiang Mai
,tnempolevedUniversity.
lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna
yltnerru[7]
c eraWanwanvanich.,
ew ,ytilibaniatsYupa.
us dna(2005).ytirepsoMarketing
rp Service Management.
dna lanoitacuBangkok
de evitae: rStarlight
c eht poleved ot deraperp
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
231
Thailand15
TriRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
Lingual Shadow Puppets :Teaching OFInnovations
to Educational Institutions
in Suratthani Province
Suwimonof Vatviroj
Lecturer of Communication Arts, Faculty of Management,
Suratthani
 RMUTKUniversity
Rajabhat aims to be a creative technology
Abstract
standards. We
The shadow puppets in Suratthanican be have
voicedalso in 3promoted
languages the research
are Southern
Thai Dialect, Central Thai Dialect,development,
and English the academic
language ic services
which can servewithas acreative
tourist
destination and also use culturalconcepts, and theteaching
cost to create preservation of arts and
innovation culture.
to educational
institution too. It can be classified into 3 categories, first, innovation vision of Thailand
in building Nam
Tepsil learning centerto be a source 4.0ofthat emphasizes
training for youngthe use of technology,
people creativity,
who are interested in
learning and practicing folk art suchand asinnovation
shadow puppets to fosterplay,national
Manora Dancing,
development,Bog
Songs, and Ly Ke Pa (musical folk drama). and
prosperity Currently, there are 12
sustainability, we shadow puppets
are currently
pupils team on behalf of S. Tepsil, or Sit Tepsil.
prepared to develop Second,
the the innovation
creative to create
educational anda
bilingual shadow puppets syllabuslearning
to insertsystems
the shadow
and topuppet
equip plays as awith
students parttheof use
the
education system as a local curriculum or training
of innovative program such
technologies as Ban Don
of knowledge. WeKleang
have
School and Ban Sai Kham School placed were inserted shadow
importance puppets in their
oncultivating curriculumand
accomplished for
primary students, English Program class. The
proficient students have
graduatesfor to study development.
the national 1 hour during 2.30-
devel
3.30 pm. And third, the innovation to conduct Sueb Sil Thin Tai club. The higher
educational Institutions joined to heritage shadow puppets play in the form of clubs and
cultural media such as in Cultural Management Program in Suratthani Rajabhat
University. Moreover, people in Suratthani are using shadow puppet plays culture in
teaching innovation in educational institutions.This is an importance
President of Rajamangala Universityof mechanism
of Technology role in
Krungthep
shadow puppet plays inheritance process as “instructionmedia” to the youths, primary
school students, and scholars in the university. At the same time, it is preserving and
disseminating the arts and culture.
Keywords: Shadow Puppets, Innovation, Educational Institutions
1. Introduction
In education reform, all academics involved in education are alert to develop

their work in educationespecially teachers in every class, and learning groups. They try
to reform the learning or called “Instruction Innovation” which using cultural cost from
community to solve problem about instruction or to develop students to learn
effectively. In the teaching of each locality or the goal of learning management for
students are including concepts, patterns, methods, processes, media related to
education.
Tepsil Pongkeaw Shadow Puppets show, tri-lingual shadow puppets, pioneers
and founders of “S.Tepsil” or Tepsil Pupils, was established the team from being a
students to many masters such as Prasit Pakkaisit Show (Died), Sripat Keusakul Show
(Died), National Artist Prasong Rattanakod, and Takul Sil Sittiraj Show. This is a time
of inheritance and natural adaptation. (by nature) of the media in relation to the
community context since 2003. There are organizations from both inside and outside the
community to take care of the shadow puppets such as Don Kleang School, Tourism
Authority of Thailand and Suratthani Rajabhat University. Participating in the
2321dnalFebruary
Thailand
promotion PEHand TGNdissemination

URK YGOLO ofNH CEshadow
the T FO YTpuppets
ISREVIcultureNU ALA GNAMto
extends AJA R
broader
perceptions.
Nowadays, S.Tepsil show fo tnehave
diser12P eheirs
ht moinrftheeganame
sseMof S.Tepsil are Man Show
S.Tepsil, Sekson Show pehtgS.Tepsil,
nurK ygNooPure
olonhceTShowfo ytiS.Tepsil,
srevinU aPirojlagnaLawyer
majaRShow S.Tepsil,
Sripan Show S.Tepsil, Keng Show, S.Tepsil, Kaiman Show S.Tepsil, Thong D Show
ygolonhcBenz
S.Tepsil, et eviShow
taerc S.Tepsil,
a eb ot sJack mia Show
KTUMS.Tepsil
R , Pornpetch Show S.Tepsil, and
ylgnidroccaShow
Nateethong sah yS.Tepsil.
tisrevinuIteis hTdistributed
.aisA ni ytotisvarious
revinu districts throughout Surat Thani
dna as
such lennMueng,
osrep ruKanchanadit,
o fo tnempoleChaiya,ved eht Phunpin,
no desucoPrasang,
f and Chaiburi. They are
lanoitanwork
rotating retni tootcoordinate
ngila tahwitht smgovernment
ulucirruc cagencies,
imedaca organizations or agencies in the
hcraeserin ethe
network ht form
detom oforshadow
p osla puppets
evah eplay,
W .straining,
dradnats and continued today. In addition,
evitaare
there ercalso
htiwleaning
secivrin cimeofdateaching
esform ca eht ,innovation
tnempolevecreation
d to educational institutions.
.erutluc dpuppets
The shadow na stra fplay
o noiintavSuratthani
reserp eht dwas
na ,sused
tpecninocinheritance with the youth in the
dnaliahT fand
community o nocreated
isiv s’tasnem nrevogeorhtclubs
a course rednUfor students. For this reason, it is interesting
to,ystudy
tivitaethe
rc ,culture
ygolonhofceshadow
t fo esu puppets
eht sezisplay
ahpmine Surat
taht 0Thani
.4 to create teaching innovation
for
,tncommunity
empoleved inlavarious
noitan forms
retsof by ot collected
noitavonthe
ni data
dna from Shadow Puppet masters or
local
yltnewisdom
rruc eraandew lecturers
,ytilibin
anthe
iatsuuniversity.They
s dna ytirepswill orp be interviewed individually and
indnagroups
lanoitaand
cude observation.
evitaerc eht Include
poleved information
ot deraperp from relevant documents as
components.
evah eW Past
.egand
delw present
onk foShadow
seigoloPuppets
nhcet evculture
itavonni fo
dna dehsilMusical
pmocca instrument
gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
.tnempoThere
leved were
lanoitfive
an ehmusical
t rofsetainstrument
udarg tneicused
iforp in shadow puppets play in the
past which included Gong, Ching, Tab, Drum, and Pi which calling as five instruments.
These used to create rhythmic sounds in performance. In the present days, there are
universal musical instruments such as drum set, guitar, bass, keyboards, and saxophone
join with five instrumentsias anmain
itiNtiinstrument
kuS.rD of shadow puppets play.
Story
The popular story is Ramayana or Thai folk tales which are including
good and evil things. There are kings, queens, prince and giant as the main characters.
Meanwhile, current stories can be communicated through more modern chapters or
stories.
Shadow Puppets
These are the heart of the plays because it is important to be inherited
long time ago including the terms of production, minuteness craving, coloring, and also
believing in each character. In each bands, there are 100-150 shadow puppets
characters. The size and shape depend onthe carvers. Shadow puppets which are
showing in the picture have 2 sizes, big and small to save production materials. The
characters which every band has are Ascetic, Shiva, a representative, governor,
beautiful lady, monk, woman, giant, and joker and others.
Even though one side of the culture is inherited in the local community,
on the other hand, one must try to adapt culture into educational institutions in order to
guarantee the survival of the culture. There are divided in three categories as follows,
First, the innovation in building Nam Tepsil learning center
“Nam Tepsil” wascreated in 2003 based on the determination and
commitment to preserve the unique Southern culture by Master Tepsil Pongkeaw as
known as Trilingual Shadow Puppets. By providing opportunities for young people
interested in learning and practicing the art of Southern folk art such as Shadow
Puppets, Manara Dance, Bog Songs, and Ly Ke Pa (musical folk drama). Currently,
there are 12 shadow puppets pupils’ teams on behalf of S. Tepsil, or Sit Tepsil such as
February 15-17,
International
2018 Rajamangala
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
February 15-17,
233
Thailand15
Benz RAJAMANGALA
S. Tepsil, Kaiman S.UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Tepsil, and NooPure S. Tepsil. TheyKRUNGTHEP
are located at Saikam
area, Changsai sub district, Kanchanadit district, Suratthani Province.

Figure1 : “Nam Tepsil” learning center, Saikam,
concepts, Kanchanadit of
and the preservation district, Suratthani
arts and culture.
Second, the innovation to create aUnder
bilingual
bilingual shadow puppets syllabus
The inheritance of the
andknowledge
innovationof ancient shadow
to foster puppetsdevelopment,
national play is often
passed through the family. It is inherited through
prosperity andrelatives or in the form
sustainability, we of area student
currentlyby
living with the master. Until the shadow
prepared puppets becamethe
to develop a part of education
creative as a local
educational and
curriculum or training program such as insystems
learning Ban Donand Kleang
to equipSchool,
studentsandwithSaithe
Kham
use
School were inserted shadow puppets curriculum called “Bilingual shadow
of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have puppets” for
primary students in English Program placedclass. The students
importance have to to study
oncultivating 1 hour during
accomplished and
2.30-3.30
3.30 pm. This kind of learning is a change
proficient from the
graduatesfor theold inheritance,
national devel which is the
development.
inheritance of wisdom into a new context, with no need for the descendants anymore.
Figure2,“Bilingual shadow puppets” curriculum, Suratthani province
Although the inheritance of knowledge through educational institutions

may not be the way to create the Master of Shadow puppets play and work effectively.
However, considering that the extension of this knowledge to the community, will
create “the audience”to recognize the value of the arts deeply which can be maintain
this art in the society.
Third, the innovation of the Southern Arts Club
Higher education institutes joined to heritage shadow puppet shows in
form of “Sueb Sil Thin Tai Club” Club” and learning several cultures such as in Cultural
Management Program, Suratthani Rajabhat University. Looking at the dimensions of
inheritance, it is evident that educational institutions are an important mechanism that
plays a role in the inheritance
inheritance process. Shadow puppet shows using as “Instructional
Media” for the students and also preserve and disseminate cultural art.
2341dnalFebruary
Thailand


lanoita3,nrthe
Figure etnilecturer
ot ngiexplained
la taht son mubehalf
lucirruofc Suep
cimedSil acaThin Tai Club,SuratthaniProvince
evitaerc htiwAll secthree cimedaca are
ivrescategorizes eht trying
,tnemtopobring
leved shadow puppets culture to use as
.erutluc dmechanism
an important na stra fo ntooitincrease
avreserpthe ehtarea
dna of
,stpknowledge
ecnoc and maintain the meaning of
dnashadow
the liahT fopuppets
noisiv splay
’tnemin nreSurat
vogehtThani
rednUto create pride or dignity in developing
,ytivitaercteaching
innovative ,ygolonhandcet flearning
o esu ehinto
t sezeducational
isahpme tahinstitutions
t 0.4 and open community to be
known
,tnempbroadly.
oleved lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna
yltnerruEpilogue
c era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
dna lanoitTo acuduse
e evthe
itaeshadow
rc eht ppuppets
oleved ocultural
t derapeinrp teaching innovation creation at
educational
esu eht htiw institutions
stneduts pin iuqSuratthani
e ot dna smisetsused
ys gnas inraelcost to build relative value and
consistent
evah eWwith .egdthe
elwocontext
nk fo sofeigthe
olotourism
nhcet evcity.
itavoInnnparticular,
i fo there is an extension of the
cultural
dna deheritage
hsilpmocmodel
ca gnto itashadow
vitlucnopuppets
ecnatroteam
pmi access
decalp to educational
2. Reference
[1]
Kanchana Kaewtap. (2001). Community media: cognitive processing.
Bangkok:TheianThailand
itiNtikuSresearch
.rD fund.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamtoajapromote
[2] PreedaNuckara. (2006). How R fo tnedshadow
iserP castfor teenagers in
Songkhla : A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of master of arts program in mass communication faculty
of journalism and mass communication Thammasat University.
[3] Suwimon Vatviroj. (2015). Identity communicationSurat Thani Case
study Tapsin Pongkaow : Institute of Suratthani Rajabhat University.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
235
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
The Model of AwarenessUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
of Anti Corruptions KRUNGTHEP
of the Local government in Thailand
Message
Jidapa from the President of
Rangmeesrisuk
Rajamangala UniversityofofTechnology
Rajamangala University Technology Krungthep
Suvarnabhumi
dr.jidapa111@gmail.com
Apisada Srikhruedong
Rajamangala University of Technology of our personnel and
Rattanakosin
standards.
AbstractWe have also promoted the research
concepts,toand
This research has main purposes 1) the
studypreservation
the processofofarts and culture. of
anti-corruption
the Local Government in Thai Society; 2) study Underthe thegovernment’s
proposed modelvision and theofawareness
Thailand
4.0 that emphasizes
for anti-corruption of the Local Government the usethe
and3) present of model
of awareness of
anti-corruption enhancing of theand Local Government.
innovation This national
to foster research development,
deployed the
qualitative research methodology prosperity
through the and interviews and focuswe
sustainability, group
arediscussions
currently
from the key information which isprepared
the administrators
to develop of the
thelocal government
creative who have
educational and
knowledge of fraud protection andlearning
the monk. The researchers
systems and to equip collected
studentsdata from
with thethe
use6
Local Government offices, interviewed 19 involving
of innovative personofand
technologies conductedWe
knowledge. a focus
have
group discussions of 11 experts. The findings
placed were summarized
importance as follows.
1. The anti-corruption of the local
proficient government
graduatesfor theincludes
national 1) an analysis of the
devel
development.
problems in the management of the local government; 2) the analysis of external affair
management; 3) the acquiring of management principles and the Buddhist doctrines
management to the local government; 4) the goal orientation to reduce the output of two
corruption in the administration of the local government and to increase transparency in
the administration of thePresident
local government.
of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
2. The Approach to enhance the awareness of anti-corruption of Local
Government comprises 5 principles that is 1) The main virtues conferred lead
administration; 2) principles of Management and the work, person and power; 3) The
principles of public management 4) The main good governance, and 5) The Buddhist
doctrines.
3. Model of the awareness for anti-corruption enhancing of the Local
Government. The key model of the awareness for anti-corruption enhancing of the
Local Government comprised of five series that are 1) The system of the Local
Government; 2) the analysis of management problems; 3) the analysis of the
management-oriented good governance; 4) issue-oriented public management and 5)
The pursuit of principles and virtues lead management
Keywords : The Enhancing,The Awareness ,Anti Corruptions, The Local government,
In Thailand
1. Introduction
Local Administrative Organization is legally considered as a juristic person

with a freedom of self-determination in accordance with the people’s intension. Local
Administrative Organization has an authority to determine policies, administration and
the management approaches for human resource, finance and budget though the use of
the Office of the Prime Minister on Good Governance in 1999, which consists of the
rule of law, moral principles, transparency, accountability, worthiness and people
2361dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTThe
Participation. GNU RKofYLocal
aim GOLAdministrative
ONHCET FO Organization
YTISREVINisUto AL AGNan
create AM AJAR
organization
that is based on efficiency and effectiveness. In the current administration, some local
administrators still do not perform fo tnemorally
diserP eandht m orf egasThe
ethically. seMproblem of administrative
management of thepegeneral htgnurK ygolonhceT is
administration ytisreviby
fo caused nUsimilar
alagnaproblems,
majaR such as the
problem of the leaders who have no moral, do not comply with the law, regulations,
ygolonhcet evnon-transparent
management, itaerc a eb ot administration,
smia KTUMR corruptions,  lack of experience and
ylgnidrocca skills.
management sah ytiSome
srevinpersonnel
u ehT .aisareA nunqualified
i ytisrevinu and perform with a privilege to
dna with
work lennopolitical
srep ruo officials
fo tnemregardless
poleved ehof t ntheir
o desvirtuousness.
ucof (Prime Minister's Order,
lanoitanremain
2015)The tni ocauses
t ngilaof tacorruption
ht smulucare:irructhecipatronage
medaca system, the praise for the rich
hcraelack
and; ser ofeht awareness.
detomorp Therefore,
osla evah the eWenhancing
.sdradnatsof awareness on the corruption
evitaerc htof
prevention iw Local es cimedaca ehOrganization
secivrAdministrative t ,tnempoleveind Thai society is very important
.erutlucSince
nowadays. dna stthe
ra fofraud
noitavinfiltration
reserp eht datna ,every
stpecnlevel,
oc every step of performance,
dnaliahT ftherefore
researchers o noisiv studied
s’tnemntherevoprinciples
geht rednof U Buddhism to solve the problem that is the
,ytiSikkhra
Tri vitaerc ,yorgoThreefold
lonhcet fo Training.
esu eht seTri
zisahSikkhra
pme tahist 0a.4process of development of three
aspects:
,tnempoSilaleve(precept),
d lanoitaSamathee
n retsof (Meditation)
ot noitavonandPanya
ni dna (wisdom); 4 Secular Dhammas
(4ylPrinciples
tnerruc erof a layman)
ew ,yticonsisted
libaniatsusof dnSajcha
a ytir(honesty),Tama
epsorp ( self-practice),Khantee
(tolerance),
dna lanoitacJaka ude ev(Sacrifice)
itaerc eht andpoleve5d oPara
t dera(Force)
perp comprisesfaith, diligence,
consciousness,
esu eht htiw sconcentration
tneduts piuqe and ot dnwisdom.
a smetsysThese
gninr3aeDhamma
l principles will integrate
with
evahthe eWgood.egdgovernance
elwonk fo stoeigbe oloanguideline
hcet evitafor
vonna i proper
fo management of the country.
This
dna will
dehbring
silpmoprosperity
cca gnitavtoitthe
lucnadministration,
o ecnatropmi despecially
ecalp the use of the anti-corruption
awareness .tnem campaign
poleved lofanothe
itanlocal
eht rogovernment
fsetaudarg tnineicThai
iforp society which is an important
mechanism for driving the country to prosperity and international equality.
2. The research’s objectives

pehtgnurK ygolonhceTthe
1. To strengthen foyawareness
tisrevinU aof
lagcorruption
namajaR fprevention
o tnediserPof Local
Administrative Organization in Thai society
2.To propose a model for enhancing the awareness in preventing corruption of
Local Administrative Organization in Thai society
3. Concepts and related theories
The researchers aimed to study the model building to enhance the anti-
corruption awareness of Local Administrative Organization. The documents and
researches related to the main issues are as follows: 1) Dhama principles comprises the
Tri Sikkhra or Threefold Training. Tri Sikkhra is a process of development of three
aspects: Sila (precept), Samathee (meditation) andPanya (wisdom); 4 Secular Dhamas (
4 Principles of layman) consisted of Sajcha ( honesty),Tama ( self-practice),Khantee
(tolerance), Jaka (Sacrifice) and 5 Para (Force) comprisesfaith, diligence,
consciousness, concentration and wisdom; 2) Good governance from The regulation of
the Office of the Prime Minister on the establishment of the system of management of
social affairs and good society, 1999 that comprises the basic principles of at least 6
principles as follows: (1) the Rule of Law (2) Moral Principles (3) Principles of
Transparency (4) Principles of Participation (5) Principles of Responsibility and (6)
Principles of Value; 3) Moral and Ethical Concepts; 4) Concepts of Local
Administrative Organization.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
237
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
4. Scope of the research UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
Message
This research comprised anfrom the President
important conceptualof framework in the nature of
Rajamangala
the research process University
and methodology of Technology
as well as the resultsKrungthep
of the study as follows:

devel
As shown in the chart above, the research on the awareness of anti-corruption
enhancing of Local Administrative Organizations in Thai society that applied the good
governance principle in order to control the mind to think, do and speak good for the
success of the work integrate with good governance principles, including the rule of
law, morality, principle of transparency, principles of participation,
President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technologyprinciples
Krungthepof
accountability and worthiness. When the integration of the knowledge of the world and
the dhamma principle happened, there will be a complete management principle to
apply to be used in the administration of Local Administrative Organizations. When
integrated, a model to enhance the awareness of anti-corruption of Local Administrative
Organizations in Thai society will occurred.
This research was done with qualitative research model that the researcher
collected the data by in-depth interviews by informants were the administrators,
employees of local administrative organizations together with group discussions with
participants in the administration of Local Administrative Organizations to obtain a
model to enhance the awareness of anti-corruption of Local Administrative
Organization In Thai society.
Population/sample and key informants were 2 groups: group 1-19 key
informants from the local corruption-free project that participated in the 6 development
projects of moral leaders and executives of the Office of the NACC since 2009-2012
consisting of the executives, council presidents, administrative assistants, provincial
administration organizations, municipalities, sub-district administration organizations,
the anti-corruption experts in local administrative organizations and monks. Researcher
identified key informant groups based on the proper number of experts which is 17 or
more because the rate of error reduction is very small of 0.02 approximately
2381dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGN2009).
(SilpajaruThanin, URK YThe GOpopulation
LONHCEof TF OY
this TISREwere
research VINUtherefore
ALAGN19AM AJAR
people as the
most appropriate number; group 2- The focus group discussion of 11 experts comprises
the executives, council presidents, fo tnedadministrative
iserP eht morassistants,
f egasseM provincial administration
pehtgnurK ygsub-district
organizations, municipalities, ytisrevinU alagorganizations,
olonhceT foadministrative namajaR the anti-
corruption experts in Local Administrative Organization and monks.
ygolonhResearch
cet evitatoolserc ainclude
eb otin-depth
smia Kinterviews
TUMR and focus  group discussions.
ylgnidroccData a sah collection
ytisrevinu wasehT conducted
.aisA ni ytbyisre1)
vinuthe researcher collected data by
dna lennoto
interview srepstudy
ruo fthe
o tneproblem
mpolevedand eht obstacles
no desucoin f the administration of Local
lanoitanretni oOrganization
Administrative t ngila tahtand smthe
ulucenhancing
irruc cimeof dacanti-corruption
a awareness of Local
hcraeser eht Organization
Administrative detomorp osin la Thai
evahsociety
eW .stogether
dradnatswith the analysis and synthesis of
evitin
data aereach
c htiquestion
w secivrarea medacon
es cibased a eexpert
ht ,tneexperience.
mpoleved 2) The researcher collected data
.erutluc don
by focusing na sthe
tra ffocus
o noitagroup
vreserpdiscussion
eht dna ,stptoecdetermine
noc the model of corruption
dnaliahT in
awareness fothenoiThai
siv ssociety.
’tnemnrevogeht rednU
,ytivitaerc Data
,ygoloanalysis:
nhcet fo eFrom
su eht interviews
sezisahpme andtaht 0group
.4 discussions, the researchers
analyzed
,tnempoltheevedata
d lanfromoitanthereinterviews
tsof ot nas oitafollows:
vonni d1) natranscribed the information from
the
yltninterview
erruc erand a erecorded
w ,ytilibitanasiatasutext;
s dn2)a categorized
ytirepsorp the message from the interview
and
dnanotes
lanointo
itacuthede issue
evitaeand
rc ecompiled
ht poleveonlyd otthedeissues
raperp related to the research objective;
3)esanalyzed
u eht htiw thestinterviews
neduts piuqofe key ot dninformants
a smetsys according
gninrael to research objectives by using
Content
evah eW Analysis
.egdelw Technique
onk fo seandigol4)
onsynthesized
hcet evitavodata
nni faccording
o to research objective and
presented
dna dehsthe ilpm findings.
occa gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
6. Research Conclusion
From the collection of data from expert interviews and small group discussion,
the researchers synthesizedianaitiN
model
tikuS.for
rD enhancing the awareness of anti-corruption
behavior
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnaminaj4aRmodels
of Local Administrative Organization fo tnedasisefollows:
rP
1. The model of anti-corruption with network management system
comprises 4 important systems as follows: 1) the counterbalance of power of various
sectors, namely the legislative, executive, and public sectors. 2) The power of
righteousness by good governance. The Governance mechanism with good governance
consists of six elements: the rule of law, the principle of morality, the principle of
transparency, the principles of participation, the principle of accountability and the
principle of worthiness; 3) Humanitarian power with Karawat Dhamma 4 or 4
principles for the good life of the four virtues: Sajcha ( honesty),Tama ( self-
practice),Khantee (tolerance), Jaka (Sacrifice) The principle is that "sincerely practice to
tolerate" and; 4) The power of righteousness by Tri Sikka (threefold): Silla
(precepts),Samathee (concentration) andPanya (wisdom).
2. The model of anti-corruption awareness enhancing of Local
Administrative Organization in Thai society with Social drive comprises the followings
elements: 1) Mass communication- There are many media channels currently
distributing news and have a great influence on the expression of the people in society;
The media therefore should present good news to enhance awareness that society wants
to promote good people; 2) Family- family is the first institution which is the most
important part in planting of being a good example since being a good example of a
parent results in the behavior that the children will displays in society; 3) Educational
institutioneducational institution is another institution that is no less important than a
family institution because we spend at least 12 years studying. This duration is an
important time to educate and cultivate good things for our youth. 4) Buddhism
February
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RAJAMANGALA
Institution- UNIVERSITY
religious institutions is another OF TECHNOLOGY
main KRUNGTHEP
institution for mental afforestation to
make people in the society live together with goodness, love and compassion.
Message
3. The system and modelfrom the President awareness
of anti-corruption of enhancing of Local
RajamangalaofUniversity
Administrative Organization of Technology
the Thai society through Krungthep
the management system and
dhamma principles comprises 2 important systems as follows 1. Internal and external
management systems of Local Administrative RMUTK Organization:
aims to be aThe creative
system technology
of anti-
corruption awareness enhancing ofuniversity in Asia. TheOrganizations
Local Administrative university has accordingly
in Thai society
is divided into 2 issues as: Issue 1: Management problems within the Local of our personnel and
Administrative Organization are 3academic curriculums
aspects- 1).The that aspects
executives align to-Understanding
international
the executives of both sides, many standards. We to
rules, failure have also promoted
understand the role andthe authority
research
causes misuse of power and justicedevelopment, the academic
in the administration. 2). ic servicesaspect:
Personnel with Some
creative
of
the personnel are still lacking in concepts,
love and and the preservation
harmony, respectof arts
for and culture. and
leadership
instructional guidance among juniors, the public Underawareness
thegovernment’s
created byvision of Thailand
the sacrifice and
learning of self-improvement. 3). Work4.0 that emphasizesSystem:
Performance the use of technology,
finance creativity,
and budget work
should be clear in budget management. and Coordination
innovation to should
fosterhavenational
an approach to build a
development,
strong community network. Policies should have
prosperity and clear policies. For
sustainability, we monitoring
are currently and
evaluation, there should be a systematic
prepared to anddevelop
systematic evaluation.
the creative Issue 2: and
educational The
problem of management outside the Local Administrative
learning systems and to Organization
equip students consists
with theof four
use
issues: 1) People lack participationofininnovative
all management procedures;
technologies 2) People lack
of knowledge. love,
We have
unity due to local politics; 3) placedPeople importance
lack knowledge and understanding
oncultivating accomplished of and
the
management of the Local Administrative
proficient Organization’s
graduatesfor theadministration develbecause of the
lack of knowledge in the management system and lack of enthusiasm for acquiring new
knowledge for community development.4) Economic status of the people. There is a
difference between urban and rural communities that focus on their own careers. The
process of internal problem solving is done by creating knowledge in internal
management between executives and staff to be consistent
President of Rajamangala Universityof and clear. They also
of Technology need to
Krungthep
educate the public about the processes, methods and results of the activities of the
projects that have affected the community, the people have to cooperate and trust in
state agencies to assist in community development which allow people have a better
quality of life.
3.1The anti-corruption awareness enhancing system of Local
Administrative Organization in Thai society with the application of proper concepts,
theories or dhamma principles in the administration of Local Administrative
Organization.
Applying good governance principles to the management of Local
Administrative Organization to prevent corruption is a management driven by the
government both from government, private and civil society sector that needs for
integration of all sectors. Therefore, the principles of good governance theoretical
concepts applied in the administration of local governments to prevent corruption are
covered in every process with the main contents as follows: The rules of law are: 1) To
define standard rules; 2) To set up a fair and equitable rule; 3) To enact the law of
modernity. The moral principle is to adhere to the goodness by campaigning for the
government officials to take this principle as an example to society and encourage
people to develop themselves together with to make Thai people be honest, sincere,
hard-working, disciplined, do a good job to be a national character. The moral
principles are: 1) To be a good example; 2) To be fair; 3) To be honest and sincere.
Transparency refers to the trust of each other in the country by improving the working
mechanism of all organizations to be transparent. The useful information is revealed
2401dnalFebruary
Thailand
honestlyPin EH TGlanguage
the NURK Y GOisLeasy
that ONHtoCunderstand.
ET FO YTIPeople SREVaccess
INU Ainformation
LAGNAMAeasilyJAR and
there is a process that allow public to verify the accuracy. The transparency principles
are: 1) the information disclosure fo tnedise2)rPthe eht public
morf egaccess
asseM to information and 3)
theverification of p ehtgnurK
accuracy. ygolonhof
Principle ceT fo ytisrevinisU an
participation alaopportunity
gnamajaR for people to
share their views and opinions on important issues of the country through public
ygolonhpublic
inquiry, cet evhearing,
itaerc areferendum
eb ot smior a K TUMParticipation
other. R  principles are 1) co-thinking;
2)ylco-operation;
gnidrocca sah3)yco-evaluation
tisrevinu ehTand .aisverification.
A ni ytisrevThe inu main responsibilities are 1) self-
dna lennosrep2)rlocal
responsibility; uo focommunity
tnempolevresponsibility;
ed eht no desu3)cosocialf responsibility and value-for-
lanoitato
money nremanage
tni ot and ngilausetalimited
ht smuresources
lucirruc cto immaximize
edaca the benefits to the public by
hcraeser eht for
campaigning detoThai
morp people
osla evtoah beeWeconomical,
.sdradnats cost-effective, productive and
evitaerc htiin
competitive w the res cim
secivglobal edacaand
arena, ehtto,tnsustainably
empoleved develop their natural resources.
There.erare
utluthree
c dnamain
stra fareas
o noitofavrconcern
eserp ehtfor dnacorruption
,stpecnoc prevention that is the worthiness
dnaliahT comprises
principles fo noisiv s1) ’tnValue
emnrevfor ogemoney
ht rednU 2) Value for community 3) Value for the
,ytivitand
nation aercthe,ygappropriate
olonhcet fo Buddhist
esu eht seprinciples.
zisahpme taht 0.4
,tnempolevedThe lanoBuddhist
itan retsprinciples
of ot noito tavoapply
nni din na the administration of the local
government
yltnerruc etorapreventew ,corruption,
ytilibaniatsuincluding:
s dna y1. tireLokkabaru
psorp Dhama (Virtues that Protect
the
dnaWorld)
lanoitaiscuadeprinciple
evitaercapplied
eht poin levthe
ed management
ot deraperp of local government to prevent
corruption
esu eht htconsists
iw stnedHiriuts pOtappa
iuqe ot1)dnthe
a sm embarrassment
etsys gninraelof doing wrong things 2) the fear
ofevawrongdoing-It
h eW .egdelwoisnk the fo sprinciple
eigolonhcethat t evitcreates
avonni fthe
o consciousness of corruption
prevention.
dna dehsilpCorruption
mocca gnimust tavitlusolve
cno ethe
cnatcause.
ropmi The decalcause
p is the greed that occurs in
people's.tnminds,
empolevespecially
ed lanoitanifehgreedt rofseistauindarthe
g tnminds
eiciforpof the powerful, it will bring
enormous damage to the community. The local administration must be conscious by
creating good prototypes from corporate leaders to create courage.
3.2 Ariya Makka are the eight virtuous way is the way to behave in order
to have good thinking, good ianispeech,
tiNtikuSgood
.rD conduct or conduct the correct criteria both
body, speech and mind that bring
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnam benefits and happiness
ajaR fo tnedisetorPindividual; and social
causing the progress of society. Therefore, it is necessary to create the moral and ethical
in person as most as follows. (1) Good perception- a vision of the problem of
management by looking from the beginning to the end of the process must be the cause
of solution problem solving;(2) Good cerebration - a guideline for creating and
cultivating awareness among the Local Administrative Organization and the people to
participate in the prevention of the problem; (3) Good negotiation-a guideline for the
promotion that cause communicate appropriately; (4) Good act-a guideline to control
the behavior of the executives; (5) I Good way of living in a good way for a good and
safe life; (6) Good perseverance - a guideline is a management approach that requires
patience to serve the people; (7) Good composition-a way of creating consciousness for
the executives. Collaborators need to always solve problems at all times and (8) Good
determination, the focus is resolute in the performance of the management and the
practitioner must have a determination. 3. Sangkaha Watthu 4 or 4 principles of holiness
that can be applied in the management of people in the workplace with love in the
organization that want the organization to succeed in serving the people in their own
responsibility. It should be based on the 4 sacred objects in mind and service.
4. The knowledge gained from the research.
An integrated approach to solve the problem of corruption by enhancing
morality, good in the minds of all sectors is an important process in reducing corruption
caused by self-control. Governance to be used must be a good management system that
can create a comprehensive management drive. All sectors must be involved in the
management from co-thinking, co-working and co-checking interoperability with all
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RAJAMANGALA
sectors for efficiency andUNIVERSITY
effectiveness ofOF TECHNOLOGY
management that can KRUNGTHEP
meet the needs of the
people, the private community, to move forward and develop the country at the same
Message
time. It is driven by all sectors as the from the President of
diagram.

devel
A chart illustrating the knowledge gained from the research
7. Research Discussion
The conclusionPresident of Rajamangala
of the research Universityof
is that there of Technology
is an interesting Krungthep
discussion of the
findings of the research that is the application of good governance as a framework of
performance and management of all groups and project in Local Administrative
Organization to provide concrete governance. This will bring efficiency consistent with
the Government Gazette Office of the Prime Minister on the establishment of the
administration of the business year. (1999 : 25-27) In addition, Uwanno, Borwornsak
(1999) also noted that good governance has the value of transparent management with 3
areas of accuracy: 1) a transparent political system and bureaucracy;2) corporate social
Responsibility that can be monitored by the society; 3) strong society as civil society
with the principle of transparency in both government and private sectors. In addition,
the executives of Local Administrative Organization therefore must have moral ethics in
administration and providing service consistent with the concept of good management
of Rungruinda,Wattana (2005) mentioned the moral ethics of human good is intellectual
virtue and ethics, the use of intelligence to solve problems for the development of the
work that must be moral, have good principles as a framework for the implementation
and conclusion of ethical morality as a framework for good conduct. The management
of the three groups in Local Administrative Organization comprises the management,
services and support must have a principle of prudence leading to the creation of a
framework for management of transparency, consistency, restraint, economy and good
behave. There also must be a management of 3 Balance of power in the Local
Administrative Organization which is the executive power, legislative power and the
authority of the people to monitor. In addition, there are good public management
approaches in Local Administrative Organization that are public awareness, public
2421dnalFebruary
Thailand
policy, andPEHtrueTGN URK YGOfrom

participation LONH allCsectors.
E T FO Y TISstatement
This REVINUisin ALA GNAMAJwith
accordance AR the
guidelines of Pacchonpatchanuek,Penkae et al (2003) who presented His Majesty the
King's speech to cultivate virtue fo tnand
edisethics
erP ehfor
t mthe
orfpeople
egasseMto be good and the national
security as: 1. to teachpehtgthenurpeople
K ygolto onh ceT fo ytheir
maintain tisrevintegrity;
inU alagn2.am
toateach
jaR people know
how to restrain themselves to be good people; 3 to teach people to tolerate distraction
ygocorruption
and lonhcet evand;itaerc4 ato eteach
b ot people
smia KtoTUrefrain
MR the deception of evil and to perform
ylgniconduct.Moreover,Tiangtong,
good drocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aChusak isA ni y(2005)
tisrevialso
nu stated interestingly about local
dna lennosas
government repthe
rudecentralization
o fo tnempoleveofd power eht notodthe
esuclocal
of authority has the power to self-
lanowith
rule itanrresponsibility
etni ot ngilaand tahpeople
t smulareucirsupervised
ruc cimedatocawork properly under the law. For
hcmodel
the raeser of ehanti-corruption
t detomorp osawarenessla evah eenhancing
W .sdradof natLocal
s Administrative Organization
inevThai
itaersociety secivres c7im
c htiw comprises edacthemes
main a eht ,as:tnem
1.pReducing
oleved corruption in the Thai society;
.erutluc dnon
2. Focusing a strescalating
a fo noitavrthe eserptransparency
eht dna ,stpeclevel
noc of the Local Administrative
dnaliahT fo noadministration;
Organization’s isiv s’tnemnrevo3gehStudyingt rednU of the surrounding problems in the
,ytivitaerc ,ygolo4.nhcThe
administration; et fo eimportant
su eht sezisagood
hpme tgovernance
aht 0.4 which are transparency,
responsibility
,tnempolevedandlathe noitcomprehensive
an retsof ot participant
noitavonni indnadministration;
a 5. The virtue of the
four
yltnvirtues
erruc ethat
ra are
ew the ,ytihonesty,
libaniatsuthe
s restraint,
dna ytirethepsofrugality
rp and the good behavior; 6.
The
dnaproper
lanoit3acBuddhist
ude evitaprinciples
erc eht pothat leveoperate
d ot de3raprinciples
perp of Lokkabaru dhamma, Tri
Sikka
esu eandht hSankaha
tiw stnedWatthu
uts piuq4;7.A
e ot dgood
na sm public
etsys management.
gninrael
evah eW Governance
.egdelwonprinciples
k fo seigoto lonwork
hcet will
evitabring
vonniefficiency,
fo the trustworthiness of the
service
dna derecipients
hsilpmoccanda gall
nitarelated
vitlucnparties
o ecnacorresponded
tropmi decalpwith the results of the research of
Chareunsuk,
.tnempBanchong
oleved lano(2009)
itan ehtshowed
rofsetauthat
darg the
tneicapplication
iforp of good governance for
school administrationwill lead to the quality and efficiency of human resource
management and management, the dependence of the mind of the school administrators
and related personnel.
ehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnediserP
8. pRecommendation
1. Policy Recommendations
1.1 The design of the management system of Local Administrative
Organization at every level should be clearly defined so it will be possible study
problems and define development projects and the dimension of the work is clearly
effective.
1.2The public should participate in the public management of the local
government organization at all stages, from public policy to all aspects of public policy
and comprehensive policy review.
2. Administrative Recommendation
2.1All personnel at all levels of the Local Administrative Organization
should be aware, learn and follow the principles as follows: to have moral principles as
a management approach, to have good governance and to apply such principles to
administration in concrete
2.2There should be principles used to implement the administration based
on the transparency of the faith of each person.
3. Recommendation for further research
3.1 There should be research on modelling od management system for both
public administration, public policy and the fair and transparent budget work.
3.2 There should be research on creating knowledge sets and public
awareness series on role play, participation and the management of the Local
Administrative Organization to ensure transparency.
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9. Reference
[1] Message(2005).
Chusak Thangthog. from the
ThaiPresident of
Local Governance. Bangkok: Printing
Rajamangala
House. University
Thammasat of Technology Krungthep
University.
[2] Bovornak Uwanno. (1999). The Creation of Good Governance in Thai Society.
Bangkok: VinythaiPublications.
[3] Bungung Gurungsuk. university in Asia.
(2009). The The university has
development of accordingly
the school
administration model according to the principles of good governanceand
focused on the development of our personnel in
basic education institutions. that alignGraduate
Upper Province to international
School:
Ramkhamhaeng University
[4] Tanin Charu Arts. development,
(2009). Research the and
statistical analysiswith creative
with SPSS
concepts,
(cover version). Edition and the :preservation
10. Bangkok Business R & of D.
arts and culture.
[5] Pennapa Prapudjam and others. Under thegovernment’s
Moral elevation Ethicsvision of Thailand
of Thai Society
4.0 that emphasizes
for Social Reform: Guidelines the use of technology, creativity,
and Practices
[6] Government Gazette. and(1999). The Office
innovation of the national
to foster Prime Minister on the
development,
establishment of theprosperity
system of management of the good
and sustainability, we andarethecurrently
society.
Vol. 116, Part 63 d. prepared to develop the creative educational and
[7] Annual Report of King Prajadhipok's
learning systems and Institute.
to equip(2004). [online],
students source:
with the use
http: //www.kpi.ac.th,[4 october 2014]
[8] Wattana arm RUENgCHINDA. (2005).oncultivating
placed importance Virtue that gives a strong and
accomplished and
progressive society: a casegraduatesfor
proficient study of perceptions
the nationalofdevelopment.
social thinkers in
devel
Thailand. Graduate: University.
[9] Ministry of Interior Interior Ministry. (2015). Order of the Prime
Minister (MOI official to 0212.1 / 5075 dated March 11, 2015).
2441dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGN
Indigenous URK YGOof
Knowledge LO NHCET FConcerning
Herbalists O YTISREthe VINProduction
U ALAGNA ofM AJAR
Herbal
Medicine with Properties of Menopause Treatment
pehtgnurKNongluck T fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
ygolonhceSrikhachonkiat
The Faculty of Cultural Science, Mahasarakham University,
ygolonhcet evitaeKhamriang
rc a eb otSub-District,
smia KTUM R
Khantarawichai
 District,
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrMaha evinu Sarakham
ehT .aisAProvince
ni ytisre44150,
vinu Thailand
dna lennosrep ruo foSupport tnempo: lCultural
eved ehtCreative
no desuResearch
cof Unit
hcraeser eht detomorp osla eThitisak vah eW Vejekama
.sdradnats
evitaerc htiwTheseFaculty
civres cof imCultural
edaca ehScience,
t ,tnempMahasarakham
oleved University,
.erutluc dna stKhamriang
ra fo noitavrSub-District,
eserp eht dnaKhantarawichai
,stpecnoc District,
dnaliahT fo noisiv sMaha’tnemnSarakham
revogeht rProvince
ednU 44150, Thailand
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhceSupport
t fo esu e: hCultural
t sezisahCreative
pme tahtResearch
0.4 Unit
yltnerruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dAbstract na ytirepsorp
esu eht This
htiwresearch
stnedutsaimed
piuqeatotstudying
dna smeindigenous
tsys gninraknowledge
el of herbalists concerning
the
evaproduction
h eW .egdeof lwoherbal
nk fo medicine
seigolonhcwith
et evproperties
itavonni foof menopause treatment and the
conservation
dna dehsilpof momedicinal
cca gnitavplants
itlucnowith
ecnproperties
atropmi dof ecamenopause
lp treatment. A sample of
90 people.tnemwas
poleselected
ved lanoiby tan eahtpurposive
rofsetaudasampling.
rg tneiciforpResearch instruments were an
observation form, an interview form, and a focus group discussion form. The findings
indicated that the indigenous knowledge concerning the production of herbal medicine
with properties of menopause was handed down from ancestors, herbalists transmitted it
to their descendants bothiin anterms
itiNtikof
uS.the
rDproduction of herbal and the conservation of
medicinal
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamtreatment.
plants with properties of menopause ajaR fo tnediserP
Keywords : Indigenous knowledge, Herbal medicine, Menopause
1. Introduction
Medicinal plants have been identified and used throughout human history.
Plants make many chemical compounds that are for biological functions, including
defense against insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals. At least 12,000 such
compounds have been isolated so far; a number estimated to be less than 10% of the
total. Chemical compounds in plants mediate their effect on the human body through
processes identical to those already well understood for chemical compounds in
conventional drugs; thus herbal medicines do not differ greatly from conventional drugs
in terms of how they work. This enables herbal medicines to have beneficial
pharmacology, but also gives them the same potential as conventional pharmaceutical
drugs to cause harmful side effects. In herbal medicine tonic is used to help restore,
tone and invigorate systems in the body or to promote general health and well-being.
During early menopause transition, the menstrual cycles remain regular but the
interval between cycles begins to lengthen. Hormone levels begin to fluctuate.
Ovulation may not occur with each cycle. The date of the final menstrual period is
usually taken as the point when menopause has occurred. During the menopausal
transition and after menopause, women can experience a wide range of symptoms such
as painful intercourse, vaginal dryness, and atrophic vaginitis. In the research area,
February
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herbalRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
medicine used for treating OFofTECHNOLOGY
a symptom KRUNGTHEP
menopause is produced. And this is the
main issue interested the researcher.
2. Research purposes
1.To study indigenous knowledge RMUTK aims to

of herbalists be a creative
concerning technology
the production of
herbal medicine with properties of university
menopauseintreatment.
2. To study the conservationfocused on the development
of medicinal of our personnel
plants with properties and
of menopause
treatment. academic curriculums that align to international
3. Literature review development, the academic ic services with creative
Dasqupta, D. and S. Ray conductedUnder thegovernment’s
the research entitled “Isvision of Thailand
Menopausal Status
Related to Women’s Toward Menopause 4.0 that emphasizes
and Aging?”the use of technology,
The creativity,
results indicated that
postmenopausal women has more and positive attitudes to
innovation toward menopause
foster national and aging than
development,
perimenopausal women. Providing balanced and
prosperity information about menopause
sustainability, we are and aging
currently
might help to faster positive attitudes toward to
prepared menopause.
develop the creative educational and
Chen, Ying et al. conducted the systems
learning researchandentitled Impact
to equip of Menopause
students on
with the use
Quality of Life in Community-Based Women intechnologies
of innovative China. Theofresults indicated
knowledge. We that
havea
gradual decline of quality of life (QOL)
placed was seen fromoncultivating
importance pre-to peri-and postmenopausal
accomplished and
women in the same age group. Statistically impaired QOL
proficient graduatesfor the was associated
national devel with the peri-
development.
and postmenopausal women in vasomotor and physical domains but only with the
postmenopausal women in psychosocial and sexual domains. Early postmenopausal
women presented the worse QOL in vasomotor, psychosocial and physical domains.
The gradually declining sexual QOL was related to the advance of menopause. Age had
a negative impact on QOL in vasomotor and sexual domains.of Technology Krungthep
Anderson, D. et al. conducted the research entitled Menopause in Australia and
Japan : effects of country of residence on menopause status and menopausal symptoms.
The results indicated that in both cultures there was a similar increase in prevalence of
depression (p<0.001), somatic symptoms (p<0.01) and vasomotor symptoms (p<0.01)
at perimenopause. Australian women experienced more night sweats than Japanese
women but the prevalence of hot flashes was not statistically different. Postmenopausal
Japanese women had more somatic, psychological and sexual symptoms. The main
effect for menopausal status and the interaction effect of country of residence was
significant in the somatic (p<0.001), but not in any of the other areas.
Edmund, J. Kayombo; Rogaslan, L.A. Mahunnah; and Febronia, C. Uiso
conducted the research entitled Prospects and Challenges of Medicinal Plants
Conservation and Traditional Medicine in Tanzania. The results indicated that there are
inadequate human resource in the health sector in Tanzania and other developing
countries; including limited health facilities and medical supplies for healthcare of the
people. There is political will of scaling up TRM and conservation of medicine plants
but lack support from policy makers and enforceable legal framework.
Gabriel, K. Kigen et al. Conducted the research entitled Current Trends of
Traditional Herbal Medicine Practice in Kenya : A Review. The results indicated that
medicinal plants in Kenya are decreased because the wanton destruction of forests, it
has had a major impact on the medicinal plants, like has happened in many other parts
of the world, and indeed some of the species may have disappeared completely.
2461dnalFebruary
Thailand
PThese
EHTGresearch
NURK results
YGOLreflectONHCthe ETeffects
FO YTofISmenopause
REVINU AofLA GN
the AMAof
quality JAlife
R of
women and the ways to conserve medicinal plants with properties of menopause
treatment. These data will be fused o tnefordisdiscussing
erP eht mothe rf eresults
gasseM of this research.
ylgnidroThis
cca study
sah ytapplied
isrevinu aehqualitative
T .aisA nresearchi ytisrevimethod
nu focusing on understanding,
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e d e h t n o de s uc of
interpreting, and analyzing data in order to draw conclusions and seek truth from
lanoitanreand
interviews tni observations
ot ngila tahin t order
smuluto cirfind
ruc the cimrelations
edaca between the research purposes
hcrthe
and aesecontextual
r eht detenvironment.
omorp osla evah eW .sdradnats
evitaercResearch ivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
htiw secPeriod
.erutlucThe dnaresearch
stra fo nperiod
oitavreisseduring
rp eht dMarch
na ,stp2014
ecnoc– March 2016.
dnaliahT fo noisArea
Research iv s’tnemnrevogeht rednU
,ytivitaerc The,ygoloresearch
nhcet fo areaesu ehist sChiangmai
ezisahpme taSub-District,
ht 0.4 Phochai District, Roi It
Province.
,tnempoleThis ved community
lanoitan rehas tsofproduced
ot noitherbalavonnimedicine
dna with properties of menopause
treatment
yltnerrucandermanya ewpeople ,ytilibhave
aniatconserved
sus dna medicinal ytirepsorpplants since the past.
dna lanResearch
oitacude Sample
evitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp
esu eht htiA w sample
stnedutof s p90
iuqpeople
e ot dnwas a sm selected
etsys gnby inrmeans
ael of a purposive sampling. The
sample
evah econsisted
W .egdelof wothreegroups
nk fo seigoas lonfollows
hcet ev:itavonni fo
dna dehsilpm1)10 occakey gniinformants
tavitlucno econsisted
cnatropmof i dfolk
ecalherbalists,
p persons who are expert
in medicinal
.tnempplants,
olevedand lanleaders
oitan ehof t roagriculturists.
fsetaudarg tneiciforp
2)30 casual informants consisted of agriculturists, leaders of villages,
government officials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, and entrepreneurs
of herbs.
3)50 general ianinformants
itiNtikuS.rD consisted
 of menopausal women, public health
officials, medical doctors, nurses, and general
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnediserP people.
Research Instruments
The instruments used for collecting data are as follows:
1) Observation, both participatory and non-participatory methods of
observation are used for investigating all those involved in the production of herbal
medicine with properties of menopause treatment.
2) Structured interview, key informants, casual informants, and general
informants are interviewed. Its structure consists of 2 parts:
Part 1 is personal information concerning name, surname, age, gender,
educational background, occupation or position and so on.
Part 2 is a set of questions concerning indigenous knowledge of the
production of herbal medicine with properties of menopause treatment and the ways to
conserve medicinal plants in the research area
3) Unstructured interview, it is focused on deep details concerning
indigenous knowledge of the production of herbal medicine with properties of
menopause treatment and the practical appropriate ways to conserve medicinal plants.
4) Focus group discussion, each focus group is helped for discussing
deeper details than the details derived from other instruments by inviting all the three
groups of informants about 5-10 people
Data Collection
Research data were collected through documentary and field studies. All
the data concerning the research objectives were examined and categorized.
International Conferenceonon
Arts & Cultures
Arts in Creative
&inCultures inEconomyEconomy
Creative Economy
International on Arts
Conference & Cultures
on Arts &Technology
Cultures Creative
inSuvarnabhumi,
Creative Economy
247 245
Thailand24515
February
February 15-17,
15-17, 2018
2018 Rajamangala
International
Conference
University onof
of Arts & Cultures
Technology Thailand
Suvarnabhumi, Economy
February 15-17,
February 2018
15-17, Rajamangala
2018 RajamangalaUniversity of of
University Technology
TechnologySuvarnabhumi,
Suvarnabhumi,Thailand
DataData Analysis
Analysis
All theAnalysis
Data
All the categorized
categorized data data
werewere analyzed,
analyzed, interpreted,
interpreted, and and summarized
summarized in in
orderorder
to findto out All
findthe the categorized
outconclusion
the conclusion data were
of theofresearch.
the research. analyzed, interpreted, and summarized in
orderResearch
to find out
Research the Message from the
conclusion of the research.
Report President of
Report
Rajamangala
Research
A Report
descriptive University
analysis of Technology Krungthep
A descriptive analysis was wasused used for reporting
for reporting the findings
the findings of the of research.
the research.
All the results were presented through multi media covering all the elements. the research.
All the A
results descriptive
were analysis
presented through was used
multi for
media reporting
covering the
all findings
the of
elements.
All the results were presented through RMUTK multi media aims to bealla the
covering creative
elements. technology
5. Results university in Asia. The university has accordingly
5. Results
5. Results focused on the development of our personnel and
Indigenous knowledge academic curriculums
of herbalists concerningthat thealignproduction
to international
of herbal
Indigenous knowledge of herbalists concerning the production of herbal
standards. We have also from
medicine with properties of menopause treatment inherited from ancestors. It has of
medicine Indigenous
with knowledge
properties of of
menopause herbalists
treatment concerning
inherited the production
ancestors. It hasherbal
been been
development, the academic icfrom
services withto creative
handed down to descendants from the past to the present and maybe to the future.been
medicine
handed with
down properties
to of
descendants menopause
from the treatment
past to inherited
the present and ancestors.
maybe It
the hasfuture.
handed
Herbal
Herbal downwith
medicine
medicine to with
descendants
properties
properties concepts,
of from and
the past
of menopause
menopause the
treatmentpreservation
totreatment
the present
also also of
has andhas
beenarts
beenandproduced
maybe
producedculture.
to the
up to future.
up to
now. medicine
Many forms with
of properties
herbal medicineof Under
menopause
such as thegovernment’s
now. Many forms of herbal medicine such as powder, pills and capsules were producedup to
Herbal treatment
powder, also
pills and hasvision
been
capsules of Thailand
produced
were produced
now.
in
in order toMany
order forms theofuse
to facilitate
facilitate herbal
the of of4.0women
medicine
usewomen that
who emphasizes
such who
have this the
as powder,
have use
thispills of
and technology,
problem.
problem. capsules
Each Each creativity,
were produced
herbalist
herbalist only only
in order
hands to
down facilitate
this the
knowledge useto of
and
his women who
innovation
interested have
to this
descendants. problem.
foster It national
hands down this knowledge to his interested descendants. It can be illustrated as figurecan be Each herbalist
development,
illustrated only
as figure
1 hands
1 down this knowledge to his interested
prosperity anddescendants. It
sustainability, can be
we illustrated
are as
currentlyfigure
1 prepared to develop the creative educational and
Ancestors
Ancestors who who areowner
are the the owner of indigenous
of indigenous
of innovative knowledge
knowledge
technologies concerningWe have
ofconcerning
knowledge.
theproduction
Ancestors who of herbal
are the
theproduction of herbal medicine medicine
owner of with properties
indigenous
with properties of
knowledge menopause
of menopause concerning
treatment
theproduction of herbal placed importance
medicine oncultivating
with properties accomplished and
of menopause
treatment proficient graduatesfor the national devel
development.
treatment
The Handed
The Handed downdown it to their
it to their descendants
descendants folk herbalists
folk herbalists
The Handed down it to Dr.SukitNitinai
their descendants folk herbalists
At Present
At Present
Folk
At Herbalists
Present
Folk Herbalists
Folk Herbalists
Transmits
Transmits it to descendants
it to descendants Conserves
Conserves medicinal
medicinal plantplant in their
in their patches
patches
Transmits it to descendants Conserves medicinal plant in their patches
Produces
Produces herbal
herbal medicine
medicine for menopausal
for menopausal womenwomen
Produces herbal medicine for menopausal women
FigureFigure 1 : transmission
1 : The The transmission of indigenous
of indigenous knowledge
knowledge concerning
concerning the production
the production of of
Figure 1herbal
: Theherbal
transmission
medicine of indigenous
with knowledge
properties of concerning
menopause
medicine with properties of menopause treatment. the
treatment.production of
herbal medicine with properties of menopause treatment.
The result
The result of anofinterview
an interview
with with 20 descendants
20 descendants of herbalists
of herbalists has indicated
has indicated that that
14 descendants (70%) tend to inherit this knowledge, 4 descendants (20%) are uncertain that
14 The
descendants result
(70%)of an interview
tend to inheritwith
this 20 descendants
knowledge, 4 of herbalists
descendants has
(20%) indicated
are uncertain
about14 descendants
about
inheriting this(70%)
inheriting tend toand
this knowledge,
knowledge, inherit
2and this knowledge,
2 descendants
descendants (10%) 4 tend
descendants
(10%) tend to (20%)
to deny deny are uncertain
inheriting
inheriting this this
about inheriting
knowledge. this
This is knowledge,
consistent and
with 2 descendants
“Social (10%)
Cognitive tend
Theory”
knowledge. This is consistent with “Social Cognitive Theory” developed by Neal to deny inheriting
developed this
by Neal
knowledge. This is consistent with “Social Cognitive Theory” developed by Neal
2481dnalFebruary
Thailand
P EH
Miller and TGDollard
John NURK Y inG1941
OLO[9].
NHC It E T FO Y
focuses onTthe
ISRcognitive,
EVINU Abehavioral,
LAGNAMindividuals
AJAR
and environmental factors that affect how people behave and how people are motivated.
As for this case descendants fo of
tneherbalists
diserP ehtdecide
morf egtoasinherit
seM or do not inherit the
pemedicine
knowledge of herbal htgnurK production.
ygolonhceTItfocanytibe
sreillustrated
vinU alagas nafigure
majaR2.

ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu eEach hT .adescendant
isA ni ytisofreveach
inu herbalist
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnemp-oleSelf ved observation
eht no desucof
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht -smSelf ulucevalution
irruc cimedaca
hcraeser eht detomorp osla- eSelf vah reaction
eW .sdradnats
evitaerc htiw secivres cime-dacSelf a ehefficacy
t ,tnempoleved
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhceTo t fomake
esu eahdecision
t sezisahonpminheriting
e taht 0.4 or uninteresting
,tnempoleved lanoitthe an knowledge
retsof ot ofnoherbal
itavonmedicine
ni dna production.
esuFigure
eht h2tiw
: Factors
stnedutEffecting
s piuqe oDecision
t dna smeMaking
tsys gnion
nraInheriting
el Knowledge of Herbal
evah eW .egdelwoMedicine
nk fo seiProduction
golonhcet of eviHerbalists’
tavonni fo Descendants.
.tnBecause
empolevof
edalaproblem
noitan eof ht rthe
ofsdestruction
etaudarg tneoficiforests
forp and folk herbalists are aware
of this problem, they think that rare medicinal plants may be extinct from the forests so
they conserve them in their experimental patches. All the medicinal plants with
properties of menopause treatment and other rare medicinal plants are planted through
an organic method in order iato
nitmaintain
iNtikuS.rD the
 perfect medicinal properties. Each herbalist
alsopehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnaam
records this indigenous knowledge into pharmacopeia
ajaR fo tnedisoreraP note taking book with
illustrations of rare medicinal herbs.
6. Discussion and recommendations
Sievert, Lynnette Leidy [10] described that menopause is the time in most
women’s lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to
have children. Menopause typically occurs between 45 and 55 years of age. Medical
professionals often define menopause as having occurred when a woman has not any
vaginal bleeding for a year. It may also be defined by a decrease in hormone production
by ovaries. Symptoms that may appear during menopause and continue through post
menopause include: painful intercourse, vaginal dryness, atrophic vaginitis, and other
physical symptoms.
These symptoms make menopausal women in the research area suffer from
them and they feel like sinking in the poor quality of life. This is consistent with
research results of Chen, Ying et al. Who described that a gradual decline of quality of
life (QOL) was seen from pre-to peri-and postmenopausal women in the same age
group. Statistically impared QOL was associated with the peri-and postmenopausal
women in vasomotor and physical domains but only with the postmenopausal women in
psychosocial and sexual domains. And it is also like research results of Anderson, D. et
al. Thus, folk herbalists living in this area produce herbal medicine with properties of
menopause treatment in order to treat menopausal women who are suffering from it.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
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University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
249
Thailand15
TheyRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
also transmit the knowledge OF TECHNOLOGY
of herbal medicine production KRUNGTHEP
to their interested
descendants.
Message
Folk herbalists living from theSub-District
in Chiangmai President of conserve medicinal plants and
rare herbs in their experimentalUniversity
patches through an organicKrungthep
method in order to maintain
perfect medicinal properties of them. All the herbalists are aware that they will be
RMUTKofaims
extinct from the forests because the destruction to isbea amain
forests creative
current technology
problem.
This is consistent with research university
results ofinEdmund,
Asia. The J. university
Kayombo; has accordingly
Rogasian, LA.
Mahunnah; and Febronia, C. Uiso who indicated that nowadays there are inadequate our personnel and
human resource in the health sector academic curriculums
in Tanzania that align
and other to international
developing countries;
including limited health facilities standards.
and medical Wesupplies
have also promoted ofthetheresearch
for healthcare people.
There is political will of scaling updevelopment, the academic
TRM and conservation oficmedicinal
services plants
with creative
but lack
concepts, and
support from policy makers and enforceable legaltheframework.
preservationIt of arts and
is also culture.with
consistent
Gabriel, K.Kigen et al. [8] who described that Under thegovernment’s
medicinal visionare
plants in Kenya of decreased
Thailand
because of the wanton destruction4.0 of that emphasizes
forests, like has the use of in
happened technology,
many other creativity,
parts of
the world. and innovation to foster national development,
Recommendations prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
Thai rare medicinal plants should
prepared to be conserved
develop the under policy
creative that is setand
educational by
the cooperation of all sectors inlearning
Thai society.
systems The policy
and to equipshould
studentsencourage
with theboth
use
sustainable life of herbs and sustainable life of alternative
of innovative medicines.
In order to conserve Thaiplacedrareimportance
medicinal oncultivating
plants, all persons concernedand
accomplished in
each community should participate in the establishment
proficient graduatesfor the of national
herbal plant
devellearning center.
development.
This center should provide all the knowledge of herbal plants to all people.
7. Conclusions
Thai rare medicinal plants are necessary for alternative
President of Rajamangala Universityof medicine,Krungthep
of Technology they have
been produced as alternative medicines which can treat many symptoms for a long time.
Thus, the systematic conservation with the cooperation of all sectors of society will lead
them to a sustainable way.
8. References
[1] Tapsell, L.C.; Hemphill, I.; and Cobiac, L. (2006). “Health Benefits of
Herbs and Spicies: The Past, The Present, The Future,” Med. J. Vol.185
(4) p. 80-88.
[2] Kerry Bone. (2007). The Ultimate Herbal Compendium: A Desktop
Guide for Herbal Practitioners. Sydney: Phytotherapy Press.
[3] Hoffman, Barbara. (2012). William Gynecology. New York: McGraw-
Hill Medical.
[4] Dasgupta, D. and S. Ray. (2016). “Is Menopausal Status Related to
Women’s Attitudes Toward Menopause and Aging?” Women Health.
Vol.1 (4) p. 28-30.
[5] Chen, Ying; Lin, Shou-Qing; Wei, Yang; Gao, Hong-Lian; Wang, Shao-
Hai; and Wu, Zheng-Lai. (2008). Impact of Menopause an Quality of
Life in Community-Based Women in China. The North American
Menopause Society. Vol.15 (1) p. 144-149.
2501dnalFebruary
Thailand
P[6]
EHTG NURK YG
Anderson, D.;OLYoshizawa,
ONHCET FT.; O YGollschewski,
TISREVINU AS.; LAAtogami,
GNAMAJF.; AR and
Courtney, M. (2004). Menopause in Australia and Japan: effects of
fo tnedon
country of residence isermenopause
P eht morf status
egasseand
M menopausal symptoms.
pehtgnurVol.
Climacteric. K yg7o(2)
lonp. eT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
hc165-174.
[7] Edmund, J. Kayombo; Rogasion, L.A. Mahunnah; and Febronic C. Uiso.
ygolonhcet e(2013).
vitaerc aProspects
eb o t s m ia Challenges
and KTUMR of Medicinal  Plants Conservation and
ylgnidrocca sTraditional
ah ytisrevinMedicine
u ehT .ain isA ni ytisreAntropology.
Tanzania. vinu Vol. 1 (3) p. 1-8.
dna len[8]nosrepGabriel,
ruo foK.tneKigen;
mpolevHillary,
ed eht K. no Ronoh;
desucofWilson, K. Kipkore, and Joseph,
lanoitanretni K. ot Rotich.
ngila ta(2013).
ht smuluCurrent
cirruc ciTrends
medacaof Traditional Herbal Medicine
hcraeser eht Pratice
detomoin rp Kenya:
osla evA ah Review.
eW .sdrAfrican
adnats Journal of Pharmacology and
secivres cimVol.2
evitaerc htiwTherapeutics. edaca(1)ehp.t 32-37.
,tnempoleved
.erut[9]
luc dnMiller,
a stra fNE.
o noiand
tavrDollard,
eserp ehtJ.dn(1941).
a ,stpecnSocial
oc Learning and Imitation. New
dnaliahT fo nHaven,
oisiv sCT:
’tnem nrevUniversity
Yale ogeht rednPress.
U
,ytivitae[10]
rc ,ygSievert,
olonhcetLynnette
fo esu ehLeidy.
t sezis(2006).
ahpme taMenopause:
ht 0.4 A Biocultural Perspective.
,tnempolevedNew lanoBrunswick,
itan retsofNJ.: ot Rutgers
noitavoUniversity
nni dna Press.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
251
Thailand15
The RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY

guidelines for practicing contemporary OF TECHNOLOGY
performances of KRUNGTHEP
Children and Youth
Group in Kamphaeng Phet Province.
University of Technology
RajamangalaSuphachockchai NanthasriKrungthep
Art and Culture Center of Kamapaeng Phet Rajabhat University
PhathooramphaiinPraphatsorn
university Asia. The university has accordingly
focused on the
Art and Culture Center of Kamapaeng Phet development
Rajabhat of our personnel and
University
standards.Bunjong
Pimnara We have also promoted the research
Art and Culture Centerdevelopment,
of Kamapaengthe academic
Phet ic services
Rajabhat Universitywith creative
WanasananUnder thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
Nuchanart
Art and Culture Center4.0of that emphasizes
Kamapaeng Phetthe use of technology,
Rajabhat University creativity,
1. Introduction prepared to develop the creative educational and
Performance was the sortofofinnovative
arts whichtechnologies
took place inofthe first civilization
knowledge. We haveof
human to show human livings and the importance
placed communication between humans
oncultivating and gods,
accomplished and
humans and humans. In additionproficient
performance could make
graduatesfor thehumans
nationalknow
develown selves and
development.
other. Now day performances became the business for example Dramatics on television,
Stage show, Concert, Talk show etc. So performances could produce many career and
incomes for people and countries. There were many business performances in
dramatics, concert, dancing arts and contemporary performances.
Contemporary President
performances were created to entertain
of Rajamangala Universityof the audiences.
of Technology KrungthepThe
performers showed their emotions, feeling, impressions and expressions, Move over
contemporary performances also showed various suggestion for audiences in order to
partake audiences understand living philosophy. Good attitudes could be created by
contemporary performances. Experiences which took place in the contemporary
performances were similar with real events so contemporary performances could make
the audiences escape from repeated daily lives and forget besieged problem.
Contemporary performances could make human understand all problem both
human ownselve and other. Human could control their emotions and suffering. Move
over performances could reflect the past society, ideas, believes and tastes. Reading
each plays could make the readers known that society and environment, so the readers
could study history by studying eternal plays (Sodsai Phanthumkomon, 1988 : 8).
However the evolution of contemporary performances were popular rapidly.
Everybody could perform or could be the performers as we have known when
we were young, we used suppose to be the thief and polices, parents and children or
could entertain ourselves. This experience was the part of human who wanted to
descape from real situation to the imagination. When we were adults, we also be the
performers. Sometimes we performed many roles for some results for example cruel
teacher to teach stubborn students and being good wifes for convinced husbands and let
them reveal the secrets. Being good children for parents to ask money from them. All
shown events were the same ways as the performers roles. The different of real
performances and dramatic performances were the audiences. The audiences always
assessed the performers how the performers could convince them or not. Besides the
2521dnalFebruary
Thailand
audiences,P EH TGNwere
there URKthe YG OLONtheatrical,
critics, HCET FO YTwould
they ISREVobserve
INU ALperformers
AGNAMAbehaviors
JAR
and actings. The would criticize whether the acting be realistic or not. So the performers
should practices the acting skills fo tfor
nedthe
iserperformances.
P eht morf egasseM
Performancespehtwere
gnurK ygowith
close lonhthe fo ytisreviThe
ceTaudiences. nU acreative
lagnamproducts
ajaR which were
the plays, directing costume, making up etc. would be transferred to the audiences by
ygoperformers.
the lonhcet evSo itaepeople
rc a ebalwaysot smsaid
ia K TUM
that. R contemporary
“The  performances could cut
ylgnidroccof
everything a except
sah ytithesrevperformers
inu ehT .aand isA theni audiences.”
ytisrevinu (Sodsai Phanthumkomon, 1999
: 34)
lanoitanActing
retni otraining
t ngila was taht done
smulbyucireal
rruc experiences.
cimedaca The directors, the trainers and
hcraeperformers
other ser eht dewould tomorgive
p osmanyla evsuggestion
ah eW .sdtorathe dnaperformers.
ts This training must take
evitaeryears
several c htiw secivrethe
or nearly imedaca ehlives
s cperformers t ,tntoemachieve
polevedthe performances.
.erutMajority
luc dna stof ra new
fo noacting
itavresstudents
erp eht dwould
na ,stpebecnworried
oc about the instruction. They
dnaluncertain
were iahT fo nwhether
oisiv s’tnthis
emninstruction
revogeht rewas dnUgood or not. Some students were afraid of
,ytivitaerThe
mimicry. c ,ygbeginner
olonhcet fshould
o esu ehpractice
t sezisahwith
pme live
taht performances
0.4 in order to drill their
physicals,
,tnempoletones
ved daily
lanoitlife
an emotion
retsof oandt nfeelings.
oitavonni dna
yltnerruTherefor
c era eArt w ,and
ytilibCulture
aniatsusCenter
dna would
ytirepsostudy
rp the guidelines for practicing
contemporary
dna lanoitacuperformances
de evitaerc ehof t pChildren
oleved ot and deraYouth
perp Group in Kamphaeng Phet
Province.
esu eht hThetiw purpose
stneduts of piuthis
qe oarticle
t dna were
smetstoys study
gninrathe
el methods of emotional access of
Children
evah eW and .egdeYouth
lwonk fGroup,
o seigolothe nhceproblems
t evitavonof ni fomisunderstand of contemporary
performances,
dna dehsilpmproblem
occa gnisolving
tavitlucnofo Children
ecnatropm and
i dYouth’s
ecalp team working, preparation of
contemporary
.tnempoperformers
leved lanoiof tanChildren
eht rofseand
taudYouth
arg tneGroup.
iciforp
2. The methods of emotional access of Children and Youth Group.
The performers could

ianiticonvince
NtikuS.rDthe
 audiences partaked with their own methods.
There
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fototnconvince
were 2 methods for contemporary performances ediserP the audiences.
The first methods was “The method Idea” .The methods was defined from 3
writing of An Actor Prepares, Building a Character and Creating a Role which were
written by Russian director, Constantin Stanislavkl, he was well known writer in
performance theory. Majority of writers always emphasized on “How performance
should be?” and tried to explain and propagate their theories and performance style.
The second method was Stanislavsky’s Idea that interested in “What was
performance?” Although he was born in realism era, he also studied several
performances of Shakespeare, Vaudeville or Opera. He did not to find the new
performance but he was interested in what the performance did. (Richard Hornby, 1995
: 151) There was many disputed about Stanislavski explanation. What was that
explanation? It could conclude the he signified on inside emotion and gesture building
and movement. So the performers should act from inside to outside with controlled
emotion. (Nopphamat Sirikaya, 1982 : 201)
Nowadays several performers tried to find the method of emotional access with
Stanislavski method and resist old theory. Every methods that the performances have
learned was aimed the audiences the performers completed their duties.
3. The Problems of misunderstand of contemporary performances
Contemporary performance was an interesting art for people. Contemporary

performances were shown every day on television, cinemas and on the stages. However
some performers and the audiences did not understand the right performances.
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The first word which we have heard OFfrom
TECHNOLOGY
the interviewee, KRUNGTHEP
they always said that
“This scene was difficult, they must take a long time to build the emotion” This
Message
sentence could meant that before the from the President
performance, of
the performer must build the emotion
or prepare her emotion for theUniversity
Rajamangala performance. of Technology
Most of the Krungthep
directors and the performers
believed that building the emotion could make the performers acted good performances
 builtRMUTK
so the directors let the performers aims to
their emotion. Thisbesituation
suppressed the
performances be worse. The audiences university
did notinunderstand
Asia. The what university has accordingly
the performers did, the
saw only excessive performancesfocused on theexaggeration
which called developmentbecause
of our thepersonnel and
performers
intended to show their emotion. academic curriculums
Some performers that align
performed to international
hysterical acting, they
could not control their emotion. standards. We have also promoted the research
Moreover we often hearddevelopment, the academic
that the performers tookica services
long timewith creative
to build the
emotions. We wonder how emotion concepts,
was andbuilt.theCould
preservation
emotionof beartsshaped?
and culture.
In fact
emotion was untouchable. Sitting alone quietly Underorthegovernment’s
meditation before vision of Thailand
the performance
should be proper. 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
Contemporary performances andwere not overacting
innovation because
to foster overacting
national meat over
development,
action, the act was unbelievable. Stage play
prosperity was exaggeration.
and sustainability, we are Contemporary
currently
performances must be exaggeration show tobecause
prepared develop thethe
performers
creative must presentand
educational all
audiences from the front row to thelearning
last row. Meanwhile
systems and totheequip
performers
studentswhowithperformed
the use
for television and cinema did not of act the sametechnologies
innovative as stage play. Cameras could
of knowledge. limit
We have
audiences sight so the performanceplaced
shouldimportance
not be exaggeration. So the
oncultivating words whichand
accomplished be
proper with stage play should beproficient
exaggeration. One of misunderstand
graduatesfor was the performer
devel
role. The research result of Sodsai Phanthumkomon (1994, p.136) explained the
problem of performance as follow :
“The performers often “changed” their behaviors until their behaviors look
rigid and nervous. They did not express willingly or they pretend to show. So it could
conclude that charming and interesting performers
President of Rajamangala Universityof wereof disappeared there were
heartless models. This always occurred with must people intended to change themselves
to be the character. However the outcome was impeded they could not express.”
The performers became rigid nervous and unnatural because they were afraid
of being ownselve, for example the young performers but the director gave them to act
as the mothers in the drama, they would change their tone from natural to show and low
tone. When the audiences heard, they knew that it was unnatural. In fact any mother had
fake and old tones. The performers tried to present their roles without the truth. There
were Cliché performers, they could act fluently without the truth for example the
performers took Cliché to be the drunkard or mad persons, the audiences would know
the performers were mad or drunkard.
So the performers should not change themselves to be other. The performers
should know dramatic physical and ideas. The performance should be pretended
sincerely. One example for Cliché performers could be shown that the performers had
some roles in many dramas. We often thought that the performer acted to be his
ownselve. Actually the performer was not be himself but he used Cliché to show. When
the audiences saw many performances of him, the audiences would bored with this
action because the show was acted without the truth. So the performers should not try to
change themselves.
2541dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHsolving
4. Problem TGNURofKChildren
YGOLOandNHCYouth’s
ET FO team
YTISworking
REVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Many problems always fo tnedoccurred

iserP eht m orf egthere
when asseMwere a lot of people.
Contemporary performancespehtgnurK ymust goloncarry
hceT fono ytby
isrevteam
inU aworking,
lagnamajathe R way of job
achievement should be considered.
ygolonhCommunication
cet evitaerc a eand b ogood
t smirelationship
a KTUMR were important  for team working. The
ylgnidrocoften
problem ca sahoccurred
ytisrevinbecause
u ehT .aof isAexcommunication,
ni ytisrevinu misunderstand and wrong
dna lennThere
attitudes. osrep wereruo f4oprinciples
tnempoleof vedworking
eht notodreduce
esucof the problem as follow:
lanoitanret1. ni Accepted
ot ngilaand tahlistened
t smulutociother
rruc options
cimedaca
hcraeser e2.htBroaded
detomominds.
rp osla evah eW .sdradnats
evitaerc h3. secivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
tiwThinking
.erutluc4.dProperness
na stra fo noitavreserp eht dna ,stpecnoc
dnaliahT Thefo problems
noisiv s’tnbetween
emnrevothe gehtdirectors
rednU and the performers could reduce by 6
,ytivias
items taefollow:
rc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
,tnempolev1.ed The lanoperformers
itan retsof shouldot noinottavocriticize
nni dna the director. If the performers
disagreed
yltnerrucwith eratheew director,
,ytilibthey
aniashould
tsus dask na politely
ytirepsoand
rp compromised with the director.
dna lanoit2. acThe
ude performers
evitaerc ehshould
t polebevedpolite
ot dand
erapmindful
erp with others
esu eht hti3. w The
stnedperformers
uts piuqe oshould
t dna snot
metharm
sys gnthe
inraother
el both speech and mind. When
the
evaperformers
h eW .egdacted elwonin k fighting
fo seigolscene
onhcethey
t evitshould
avonninot fo hit the others. Personal problem
should
dna dnotehsibe
lpminothe
cca performances.
gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
.tnem4.poDramatic
leved lanroles
oitan andeht ractual
ofsetaupersons
darg tneshould
iciforp be considered. When we hated
the dramatic we should not hate the performers. Or when we hated the performers who
acted in the impression roles, we should love that roles.
5. The performers should not direct the other performers and maddle with
director’s duties. ianitiNtikuS.rD
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytshould
6. The performers isrevinU respect
alagnthe
amadirector
jaR fo tnand
edisall
erPthem workers.
5. Preparation of contemporary performers of Children and Youth Group.
Preparation was important for the performers. The exercise for preparation
could train the performers both physical and mind. The beginner always worried about
their manners and minds.
The exercises for preparation of contemporary performers were designed in
various games to urge physical exercises. The performers could release the strain and be
relaxing. The exercise was similar with wearing the mask. New performers could
imagine and be unity with good relationship.
The example of preparation exercises.
Unity Exercises
This exercise could use with sudden performance both voiced and voiceless.
The performers sat in a circle in each group and planned how to work and perform.
Each group would show in the shoeing area. Each group took 5 minutes of planning.
After that the teacher called the name in the group to show the performance of their
group for example the performers was hurried to the showing area and imagined the
there was a fire. The performers shouted “Fire Fire” the other performers were
frightened and imagined to extinguish the fire with many tools. Some performers
imagined to move the furniture and helped the victims. This situation there was sudden
voices. When the performers carried on to the top of the scene and it could not be
developed the teacher should stop the performance and said “Thank you” with the
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RAJAMANGALA
applause. There were many UNIVERSITY
situations could OFbeTECHNOLOGY
developed for unity KRUNGTHEP
exercise such as out
of order vehicles (Traffical Obstruction) Accident, Seeking for persons.
Message contemporary
The methods of practicing from the President of
performances of Children and Youth
Group. Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
The first method “Balancing”
There were many activities
 RMUTK
foe aims such
this method to beasa magic
creative technology
show, fighting
with her sword, dancing, gymnastic, university in Asia.
acrobatics. This The university
activity should has accordingly
last not over 15
minutes. focused on the development of our personnel and
academic
The second method “Eyesight curriculums that align to international
Connection”
The performers stood standards.
in a couple We have each
and look also other
promoted
eyesightthewith
research
many
senses. The performers should move development,
and touch each the other.
This with creative
method should take 5-
10 minutes with movement and voiceless.
The third method “Body Alphabet” Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
This activity composed4.0ofthatover emphasizes the use
3 performers. of technology,
They would writecreativity,
the word
with their bodies such as “LOVE” andthe innovation
performers to would use national
foster their bodies to be each
development,
alphabet to be the word “LOVE” prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
The fourth method “Physical
prepared Movement
to developand Tones”
Each performer showedlearning
the gesture with and
systems the song to thestudents
to equip other performer
with the use
There were many methods of practicing
of innovative contemporary
technologies performances.
of knowledge. We haveThe
teacher could select the method which be proper
placed with the
importance performers. accomplished and
oncultivating
The training of practicing contemporary
proficient graduatesforperformances
the nationalatdevelopment.
Kamphaeng Phet
devel
Provincial Museum
The first training on Saturday, December 3rd, 2016. From 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
The second training on Saturday, December 17th, 2017. From 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
The third training on Sunday, December 18th, 2017. From 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
The fourth training on Sunday,
President of Rajamangala 25th, 2017.of From
DecemberUniversityof 8 a.m. to
Technology 5 p.m
Krungthep
6. The development of the training
Children and youth group presented contemporary performance in Academic

Rajabhat University “The 7th International Music and Dance Festival” on January 21st ,
2017.
The training of contemporary performance at Kamphaeng Phet Provincial
Museum
2561dnalFebruary
Thailand


Contemporary Performance on the stage “The 7th International Music and

Dance Festival” on January 21st , 2017.
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devel
7. Reference
[1] Nopphamat Sirikaya. (1982). Seeing Movies and Drama. Bangkok :

Chulalongkorn University
[2] Richard Hornby. (1995). The End of Acting. New York : Applause
Theatre Book.
[3] Sodsai Phanthumkomon. (1988). Introduction to performance directing.
Bangkok : Chulalongkorn University
[4] Sodsai Phanthumkomon. (1991). Performing Arts (Modern Drama) the
2nd print. Bangkok : Chulalongkorn University
[5] Sodsai Phanthumkomon. (1994). Modern Drama in Thailand. Bangkok :
Chulalongkorn University
2581dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEThe
HTG NURK YGOofLcultural
management ONHCEcapital
T FO Ywith
TISRpeople’s
EVINUparticipation:
ALAGNAMAJAR
A case of Rice Porridge Tradition
pehtgnurK Chayanan fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
ygolonhceTSirikitsathien
Business Economics, Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehTWeerawan .aisA ni ytJangmo
isrevinu
dna lennosreBusiness
p ruo foEconomics,
tnempoleveKamphaeng
d eht no dePhet
sucoRajabhat
f University
hcraeser eht detomorp osWissanudeth
la evah eW Nanchaikaew
.sdradnats
evitaerc htiwBusiness cimedaca Kamphaeng
secivresEconomics, eht ,tnempoPhet
levedRajabhat University
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnVutthiwat
revogeht reAnanphutthimet
dnU
,ytivitaerc ,yPublic
golonhAdministration,
cet fo esu eht seKamphaeng
zisahpme tahPhett 0.4Rajabhat University
yltnerruc era ew ,ytilibaniatNongluk sus dna Chanpichai
ytirepsorp
dna lanoitacude evPhysics,
itaerc eKamphaeng
ht poleved Phetot dRajabhat
eraperp University
1.evaBackground
h eW .egdelw ofonrice
k foPorridge
seigolonhTradition
cet evitavo(Khaothip
nni fo which meant supernatural
rice)
Cultural Capital was composed of “capital” and “culture”. In economics,
capital meant production factors to produce goods and services for example
machineries, factories, material, funds and knowledges etc. Culture meant the
cultivation of the society with
ianitinice
Ntikperformance,
uS.rD national harmony and people’s morals
which
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fmind
could be shown as the progress of the both o tnedand objects. (The Office of
iserP
Royal Society, 2009). So cultural capital meant things which related knowledge, local
wisdom and creative jobs which be found by the local expert (Dierk Patthamasiriwat,
and others, 2004) cultural capital was kind of capital such as economies capital, social
capital, symbolic capital and cultural capital. Bourdieu (Bourdieu, 1986 quoted in Uthit
Thahom, and other, 2015 : 47) defined that cultural capital was the capital which were
collected in each person, thing and institute. Each person was be taught to inherit the
culture by education. Taste was the product of cultural capital collection which could
maintain the society. Moreover cultural capital could be defined as the collecting
procession and be worth for culture Cultural capital could be divided in 2 groups of
touchable cultural products such as historic site, ancient monuments temple, art works,
painting, crafts, statues and man - made. These could be prize. Untouchable cultural
product were the capital of intellectual possession such as traditions rites, performing
arts, songs, writing, tales or folktale believe (Throsby, 2001 : 46 quoted in Kriroek
Pinkaew, 2011 : 33-34) As a whole cultural capital must relate with all sectors. At
present, the government set the policy to promote commercial cultural capital. So it was
a good opportunity to present cultural matter for business. In addition it was the good
way to promote rehabilitate, and conserve Thai culture
There were 2 items of Rice Porridge Tradition.
The first item, Rice Porridge Tradition was the Brahman rite which
combined with Buddhism rite King Chulalongkorn the Great (Rama V) wrote in twelve
months of Royal Ceremony which indicated that Rice Porridge Tradition was shown in
Thamma Scripture and Nothaburance Scripture. These scriptures indicated that The
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Buddha RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY

presented the previous life of Anna OFKondonna
TECHNOLOGY who wanted KRUNGTHEP
to be the Buddhist
saint. There were two bourgeoises. The older named Mahakan. The younger named
Chulakan. Both of them grew Message from in
the wheat thethePresident
same field.of When the wheat produced
had eaten theUniversity
grains, ChulakanRajamangala gains. It was of sweet
and delicious. So he wanted to give
the gains to the monks. However Mahakan was angry so he divided the field for his
brother. Chulakan let the villagers
 RMUTK
harvest aims These
his wheat. to be gains
a creative
were technology
boiled and
mixed with fresh milk, butter, honey university
and crystalin Asia.
sugar.The university
Chulakan gavehas accordingly
these grains to
the Buddha and the followers. Chulakan wished to be the first person who could achieve personnel and
superb Dharma. Moreover he made academic
the meritscurriculums
for many times.that Making
align tomerit international
willingly
Chulakan was the first person who standards.
achieved We superb have also name
Dharma promoted
“AnnatheKondonna”
research
So it could assume that Rice Porridge development,
Traditionthe academic
took placeicwithservices with(Wanlaya
this story creative
Suwanbandit, 2015 : 23) concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
The second item, Rice Porridge Under thegovernment’s
Traditional visionbeliefs
was Buddhist’s of Thailand
which
shown in the Buddhism History, 4.0 thethat
firstemphasizes
passage thatthe was
use ofwritten
technology,
about creativity,
Buddha’s
enlightenment as follows: One day andSujada, bourgeois
innovation to daughter in Senanikom
foster national Village
development,
Uruwala Sub - district wished to prosperity
work ship the andgods. She cooked the
sustainability, we ricearecow’s milk
currently
called “Matupayas”. She put it onprepared
the goldentotray. She saw
develop the the great man
creative sitting under
educational and
Bodhi Tree. She thought that the great manssystems
learning was a god and so
to she offered
equip Mutupayas
students with theto use
the
great man. At that time the Buddhist monks’ alms-bowl
of innovative technologieshasofdisappeared.
knowledge. The great
We have
man got the whole tray with Matupayas by his hands.oncultivating
placed importance The great man carried the and
accomplished tray
with Matipayas to Naranjana River. After graduatesfor
proficient taking both, thehe ate all ofdevelopment.
national Matupayas and let
devel
the tray to the river. Buddhists believed that Matupayas made the Buddha attain
enlightenment. Buddhists knew that Matupayas was supernatural thing that could bring
them success. (Premchit Chanawong, 1982 : 4-8 quoted in Wanlaya Suwanbandit, 2015
: 23) Dr.SukitNitinai
When the President
studying oftheRajamangala
history it could be of
Universityof found that Rice
Technology Porridge
Krungthep
Traditional (Matupayas) was the Royal ceremony on the tenth month. It took place from
Sukhothai Era to Krungsriayuthaya, the capital. This tradition was rehabilitated on the
first this tradition was on rehabilitated. Nowadays Rice Porridge Tradition was give up
till rice to the monks also paid homage to Buddha. On the twelve month or the first
month, Buddhist also made on suffering the merit to their dead cousins. However many
provinces and communities often set this tradition close by Buddhism Days on the 15th
day of the 6th waxing moon which was the day that Buddha achieved buddha’s
enlightenment to be Buddhist saint. (Weerawan Changmo and Chayanan Sirikitsatian,
2015 : 1-2)
Rice Porridge (Matupayas) was composed of 29 kinds of rice, peanut,
sesame, sugar, honey, coconut fruits and various plant seed. These ingredients meant
grace. Virgin woman with white clothes were the person who mixed this rice. These
were many for example non-alcohol, not eating, do not wear shoes. People who got a
disease that socially disgusting, woman’s menstruation and pregnant woman were not
allow to the ceremony. These were the worships in all method so people who ate or paid
homage to supernatural rice would have good luck.
2601dnalFebruary
Thailand


eviPicture
taerc h1:tiwRice
secPorridge
ivres cimTradition
edaca ehatt Wat
,tnemKaewsurichai,
poleved Lankrabue Sub-district,
Lankrabue District, Kamphaeng
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserp eht dna ,stpecnocPhet Province
2.,tneCultural
mpolevedManagement
lanoitan retsfor
of Rice
ot noPorridge
itavonni Tradition
dna (Khaothip: Supernatura
Rice)
(Kanchana Kaewthep, 2006 : 3) These were 4 guidelines of cultural
management as follow:
1. Cultural Conservation was the process of maintenance culture of persons,
object and tradition to be the same as before
2. Cultural Inheritance should focus on personal inheritance who were the
cultural creators and consumers.
3. Cultural adjustment culture should be adjusted to be proper with new
situation
4. Cultural propagation such as Pong Lang Performance should be
propagate in Thailand and aboard etc.
The guideline selection depended on the states of Art and Culture for example
if the culture was nearly extinct, cultural conservation and inheritance should be
considered to solve this problem. If the culture was not agree with real event, cultural
adjustment should be considered to solve this problem. If the culture was changed from
the traditional culture. Cultural rehabilitation should be considered. If the culture was
good, it should be promoted and propagate. Moreover cultural management should be
indoctrinated. (Little john & Foss, 2008 : 293-295) Little john and Foss said that
cultivate theory was responsive prospective that related public for visualization attitude
cultivation could affect consequent behavior. A study of the guideline for cultural
management: A case of local performing Arts, Uttaradit Province was found that the
members participated in setting the goals. Job assignment was done by member’s
abilities. There was collaboration of the members was in charge of the performances.
Local artists, members and organization participated in local wisdom conservation.
(Rawiwan Wannachai, 2016 : 18)
Cultural management for Rice Porridge Traditional (Matupayas) of Wat
Kaewsurichai, Lankrabue Sub-district, Lankrabue Ditrict, Kamphaeng Phet Province
was found that the model of cultural management still be the traditional style. There
were main activities of religious ceremony, good worship, rice porridge (Mixing
Matupayas), merit. All activities emphasized on cultural conservation and inheritance.
People in the community offered materials for this ceremony to the temple. In the past
this ceremony was an annual festival, many people participated in the ceremony.
However, the economic and people’s lives were changed such as relocation and earn
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livingRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
so people’s participation OF TECHNOLOGY
toward community’s activities KRUNGTHEP
was reduce. In 2008,
Lankrabue Sub-District Municipality Cooperated with Wat Kaewsurichai’s committee
and people in the community Message fromknow
to let them the President
the worth of tradition and maintain local
wisdom (Weerawan Rajamangala
Changmo andUniversity
Chayanan of Technology
Sirikitsatian, Krungthep
2015 : 37)
Cultural management aimed to rehabilitate nice cultural arts, to collect
historical date of worth tradition such as RMUTK
the historyaims to be
of Rice a creative
Porridge technology
Tradition in each
university
local and province. Cultural management withinthe
participatory has accordingly
of community, temples,
focused
villages, school, all related organization couldon inherit
the development
cultural capitalof our personnel and
be sustainable.
3. People’s participation standards. We have also promoted the research
People’s participation took concepts, and desirable
place with the preservation of artsbelieve,
goals, value, and culture.
culture,
tradition, relationship, reinforcement, opportunity, ability, supporting vision
and of Thailand
expectation.
The base of participation consisted4.0 of that emphasizes
1) reason the3)use
2) value of technology,
tradition creativity,
4) relationship and
affection (Samnao Phaosri, 2014 :and 27) innovation to foster national development,
Creating people’s participation
prosperitywas andan important processweforare
sustainability, participatory
currently
development (Nanthiya Hutanuwatprepared and oyhers, 2004) thethe
to develop methods
creativeof creating people’s
educational and
participating were as follow: learning systems and to equip students with the use
1. Identified the problems with people
of innovative participation.
technologies People should
of knowledge. We have be
allowed to present their problem and otherimportance
placed problem. oncultivating accomplished and
2. Creating the alternative for community.
devel
3. Operated public activities, people set critical conversation.
4. Public evaluation, people should be allowed to participate in the
evaluation of the activities. They would consider whether the activity be useful or not.
There were many techniques for group leaning such as meeting, Group
discussion, demonstration, exhibition and travelling. All
President of Rajamangala Universityof members would exchange
of Technology Krungtheptheir
opinions. When they all accepted that opinion, they would perform concretely. The way
for community leaning was education by child-centered approach. Learning should
meet the needs of community.
The method of leaning process and creating people’s participation in the
conservation of culture, traditional and local wisdom were as follow:
- There should have experience transfer and exchange about culture
tradition and local wisdom between the group and other organization.
- Community culture should be analyzed.
- People should have a chance to study other organization for cultural
studying. Expert should be invited to present and exchange experiences.
- Training to develop special skills.
- Practicing to make the culture be a part of daily life.
- Experience review for the development of good process
- Cultivated people to know the worth and the culture and also participate in
cultural conservation.
In general people often participated in cultural management with the proper
opportunity and their roles. There were 2 style of participating
1) People and organizations were allowed to participate in all methods of
participation for example activity setting, decision making, planning, operation, and be
responsible for the effects 2) people were willing to participate in activities and also had
good attitude for their communities. (Suchada Chakpisut, 2004 : 27)
2621dnalFebruary
Thailand
PCreating
EHTGNUpeople’s RK YGOparticipation LONHCET FO forYTthe ISRE VINU ALAofGNlocal
promotion AMAJtradition
AR
conservation was important for Buddhist. Rice Porridge Tradition was the tradition
should be promoted. Related fo torganization
nediserP eht for morexample
f egasseMProvincial Administrative
Organization, Sub-District pehtgnuAdministrative
rK ygolonhceTOrganization fo ytisrevinwere U alaimportant
gnamajaRorganizations to
promote and support all sectors participated in local tradition conservation.
y lg n i
4. Conclusiond r o cc a sa h y t i s r e v i n u e h T .a i sA n i y t i sr e v i n u
lanoitanRice retni Porridge
ot ngilaTradition taht smor uluKuan
cirrucKhao cimeThip daca (Stirring Supernatural Rice) was
the Buddhist belief. This Buddhist’s belief wasnatinherited
h c r a e s e r e h t d e t o m o r p o s la e v a h e W . s d r a d s for a long time. Many
e v i ta e r c h t iw s e c i v r e s c i m e d a ca e h t , t
communities in several provinces tried to bring back this tradition. Technology and n e m p o le v e d
.erutluc dnawere
communication stra fthe o nocause
itavreof sercivilization.
p eht dna ,stPeople’s pecnoc significances to the tradition to
dnaliasuch
reduce hT foasnonce oisiv there s’tnewere mnrevmany ogehtpeople rednUto participate in Rice Porridge Tradition at
,ytivKaewsurichai,
Wat itaerc ,ygolonhcLankrabue et fo esu ehtSub-District,sezisahpme taLankrabue ht 0.4 District, Kamphaeng Phet
, t ne m p o le v e d la n o i ta n r e t s o f o t n
Province. People took necessary things to the tradition. Nowadays the one who o i ta v o n n i d n a
yltnerruc for
responsible era this ewtradition,ytilibanwas iatstheus temple.
dna ytiThis repsosituation
rp almost made this tradition
been given up. However local organization signifiedrpon the value of cultural capital so
d n a la n o i ta c u de e v i t ae r c e h t p o le v e d o t d e r a p e
esumanagement
the eht htiw stneof dutcultural
s piuqe ocapital t dna swith metsypeople’s
s gninraeparticipation
l was the method to
evah eW
maintain .egdtradition,
worth elwonk foRice seigPorridge
olonhcetTraditionevitavonbe ni sustainable
fo with Thai people.
5. Reference .tnempoleved lanoitan eht rofsetaudarg tneiciforp
[1] Anon Arphapirom. (1982). Thai Society, Culture and Tradition.

Bangkok: Odeon Store.
ianitiNtikuSand
[2] Direk Phatamasiriwat .rD other. (2004). Society Capital and Cultural
pehtgnurK yCapital
golonhcin oytisrevinU
eT fEconomic alagnaand
System majaNew
R foPeriod
tnediseManagement:
rP The article
from Academic conference 2004. Bangkok: Faculty of Management and
Information Science, Naresuan University.
[3] Kanchana Kaewthep. (2006). Media Science and Cultural Education.
(second print). Bangkok: Adison Press and Products. Co.Ltd.
[4] Kriroek Pinkaew. (2011). Creative Economic, cultural capital and
Business Opportunity. Administrator Magazine, 1(1), 33-34.
[5] Little john,S.,& Foss,K. (2008). Theories of Human Communication. (9th
ed). Belmon, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.
[6] Nanthiya Hutanuwat and Narong Hutanuwat. (2004). The development
of Community organization. Faculty of Agricultural Science.
Ubonratchathani University.
[7] Preeda Phoonsin. (2012). People’s participation for cultural Knowledge
Management: A case of Watsommanat. Research and Development
Magazine, 4, 60-66.
[8] Rawiwan Wanwichai. (2016). Cultural Management: A case of Local
Performing Art, Uttaradit Province. Cultural Approach, 17(31), 60-66
[9] Samnao Phaosri. (2014). People’s participation in Educational
Management with 7 principle of Harmony Buddhism Thought
Wangthong School. Mahachulalongkornratchawitayalai University
[10] Suchada Chakphisut. (2004). Alternative Education for community.
Education Magazine. Khonkaen University. (June - August). 27.
February
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& Cultures in
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[11] Wanlaya Suwanbandit. OF TECHNOLOGY
(2015). Rice Porridge KRUNGTHEP
Tradition, Social and
cultural Image of Nakhon Srithammarat Province: A case of Wat Phra
Message from
Mahathatmahawihan. MastertheofPresident
Art in theof Develoment of Human and
Rajamangala
Society. University
Sonkhlanakharin of Technology Krungthep
University.
[12] Weerawan Changmo and Chayanan Sirikitsatian. (2015). Cultural
Management with RMUTK
 people’s aims to Abe case
participation: a creative
of Ricetechnology
Porridge
university
Tradition (Supernatural Rice)in ofAsia.
WatThe university Lankrabue
Kaewsurichai has accordingly
Sub-
District, Lankrabue District, Kamphaeng Phet Province. Kamphaeng and
Phet Rajabhat University.
devel
2641dnalFebruary
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The studyPEHof TG NURK Yof

Structure GO LO
the NHCRelationship
Social ET FO YTISR EVINU
System in A LAPagoda
The GNAMA JAR
Worship
Ceremony of Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw), Hermit of Talaku Sect Through the
“Legend” of Ban-Mongkua,fo tnediserPUmphang
eht morf District,
egasseM Tak Province
Sukkasem Khunthong
ygolFaculty
onhcet of evEducation,
itaerc a ebKamphaeng
ot smia KPhet TUMRajabhat
R University,
 Maesot Campus
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempThirawit oleved ehPraimahaniyom
t no desucof
lanoFaculty
itanretniof oEducation,
t ngila taKamphaeng
ht smulucirPhet ruc cRajabhat
imedaca University, Maesot Campus
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedaca ehtAbstract ,tnempoleved
dnaliahT fo study
This noisivaimed
s’tnematnr1) evto
ogeexplore
ht rednU the history of pagoda worship ceremony of
,ytivitSociety
Karen aerc ,ygo(Pwo
lonhcand
et foSgaw),
esu ehhermit
t sezisaofhpm e taht sect
Talaku 0.4 through the “legend”, and 2) to
study
,tnemthe
polstructure
eved lanof oitthe
an social
retsofrelationship
ot noitavosystem
nni dnina the pagoda worship ceremony of
Karen
yltnerSociety
ruc era(Pwo ew and,ytiSgaw),
libaniathermit
sus dnofa Talaku
ytirepssect
orp through the “legend”. Purposive
sampling
dna lanowasitacuemployed
de evitaerin c egathering
ht poleveinformation
d ot derapefromrp spiritual leaders, masters and
philosophers
esu eht htiw forstned8-12
uts pipeople.
uqe ot dResearch
na smetsysinstruments
gninrael included; a semi-structured
interview,
evah eW content
.egdelwoanalysis,
nk fo seiconsideration
golonhcet evitaofvothe nni frelevance
o of various phenomena,
description
dna dehsilof pmthe
occvalue
a gnioftavsocial
itlucnosystem
ecnatrand
opmbasic
i decfunction
alp in 4 categories (LIGA), and
conclusion.
1. The pagoda worship ceremony is a knowledge package which emanated
from the “legend” in Buddhism, “Yoehair got the Buddha’s relic (hair) and kept it in the
pagoda that was built by him”. And it concerned with a supernatural, “while praying,
they have been asking theideity anitiNoftikthe
uS.rether
D and the earth that do you agree? Definitely
wepedo,
htgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnhelped
gods replied. Then, those gods have amajaRthem fo tnetodibuild
serP the pagoda until it is
done. And Ser-kher-ta-ra became the name of pagoda as the Buddha supposed.
2. A chronnicle of the “legend” of the pagoda worship ceremony is related to
the social relationship system based on faith and ritual conducting. It is the process
combining to gather people to participate activity and fulfill the basic requirements of
the LIGA system. This is a circumstance that directs to holistic way of living of the
Karen society.
Keywords: Karen society, legend, the pagoda ceremony, and social system
1. Introduction
Globalization which be beneath the global community was borderless

information age. The information could be transnational. This situation effected cultural
connection in the global society. Global Village was born because of this connection.
People could connect with each other as if they were in same house. Various nation
could live together. Different culture was reducing. People held the same culture in
costumes, language, currencies, technologies and ideas. However different culture could
not be gathered. People and ethnic groups tried to make own selves to be different.
The way to make own selves to be different from each other was important for
people and ethnic groups. “Self” was created with leaning process and training. Social
regulation was taught by surrounding people till it could be called value and folkways.
Culture was idea and believes which could identify human’s behaviors. Human was
born without senses. Culture made human be sensible by human’s perception. Human’s
February
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RAJAMANGALA
leaning UNIVERSITY
was depended on human’s background.OF TECHNOLOGY
Perception was culture KRUNGTHEP
decision. Human
selected the way of leaning by the background of human. All factors made the
Message
identification of ethnic. Belief was fromwiththehuman
President of
(Siriphon N. Thalang, (Editor).
2016:181(MetataRajamangala University of Technology
(Kritiwit) Wiwatananukul, 2016:179 and Krungthep
Chutaphan (Chamchuri)
Phadungchewit, 2008:60-61)
Belief which emphasized  on pastRMUTK events and aims to be dimension
historical a creativemade technology
people
believed undoubtfully. Human believeduniversity in Asia. The
in traditional university
societies. Neitherhassmall
accordingly
society
focused
nor big society signified on the rites. on was
Rites the development
the culture which of ourcould
personnel
create and
the
harmony and be the tools for unique academic
creation.curriculums
In addition,that rites align
could to makeinternational
human be
happy. However producing rites were standards. We have toalso
the ceremonies show promoted
the respectthe toresearch
unseen
things. These rites often relateddevelopment,
with asking the academic
supernatural ic things
services to with
help creative
human.
Sometime the rites took place forconcepts, and the preservation
critical people. The relation of arts andhumans
between culture. and
surrounding environment could be occurred. Under thegovernment’s
(Kriangkrai vision
Kertsiri, 2008: 16,ofChutaphan
Thailand
(Chamchuri) Phadungchewit, 20084.0 that emphasizes
: 61-63, 101 and Yotthe use of technology,
Santasombat, creativity,
2008 : 26-27)
Kaern believed that surrounding environment
and innovation were protected
to foster national bydevelopment,
The god of
earth (Songthari), The god of the prosperity
trees (Rakkhajue), The god of thewestream
and sustainability, are (Photuku)
currently
and The god of rice (Phibuyo). This relation
prepared to between
develop human and surrounding
the creative educationalnature
and
was balances. Human only borrowed the natures
learning systems so and
the usage
to equipof natures
students should
with be
thedone
use
with respect and sufficiency. (Phanudet Kertmali,
of innovative 2009 : 29 of
technologies andknowledge.
The Dhammapitaka
We have
and other, 2009 : 103) this be consistent with Narawan
placed importance Phoonpiphat
oncultivating and Rungsan
accomplished and
Chanta, (2013: abstract) studied proficient
“The analysis of Ethnicthe
graduatesfor Group’s
national local
develrites in Soperng
development.
Village, Matang District, Chiangmai Province. The result revealed that the rites were
believes in supernatural and holy things in the village. Religious rites could combine all
people in the community. Moreover, the rites could show the roles and the worth of
society. Conservation of traditional behaviors was the rationale of the rite
This reason showed that there should have
President of Rajamangala Universityof the collaboration
of Technology of social system
Krungthep
and cultural system. Cultural system was set social value. Social system was set the way
to achieve valua’s goals. Repeated and adjustable new ideas were be done to protect to
respect ethnic group’s right. So the culture was the strategy for viability of ethic with
the different situation and condition.
The researcher interested in Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw). Hermit of Talaku
Sect of Ban-Mongkua, Umphang District, Tak Province because of 1) traditional belief
(Hermit) and 2) sensitive village, for the development for government. This research
emphasized on behavior, social appearance and basically performances which consisted
of adaptation, goal attainment, integration and latency maintenance. This research
would be useful for the studying of social and cultural change of ethnic groups. It could
be the proposal to set the policy in multicultural areas.
2. Research questions
1) What was the history of The Pagoda Worship Ceremony of Karen Society
(Pwo and Sgaw), Hermit of Talaku Sect Through the “Legend”
2) What was the analysis of the structure of social relationship. Pagoda
Worship Ceremony of Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw), Hermit of Talaku Sect Through
the “Legend”
2661dnalFebruary
Thailand

3. Objective
1) To study the history fo tnofedThe

iserPPagoda
eht moWorship
rf egasseCeremony
M of Karen Society
(Pwo and Sgaw), Hermit pehtgnTalaku
urK ygSect
olonthrough ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
hceT fo“Legend”
2) To study the structure of social relationship in The Pagoda Worship
ygolonhceof
Ceremony t Karen
evitaerSociety
c a eb (Pwo
ot sm ia Sgaw),
and KTUMHermit
R Talaku
 Sect through “Legend”
4.dnConceptual
a lennosrepFramework
ruo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof
hcraeserThe ehtindependent
detomorp variable
osla evawash eW “The.sdPagoda
radnats Worship Ceremony” Dependent
evitaerc were
Variables htiw social s cimedand
secivresystem aca 4ehbasically
t ,tnempperformances
oleved of 1) Adaptation 2) Goal
.erutluc3)dnIntegration
Attainment a stra fo noand
itav4)
resLatency
erp eht dornaPattern
,stpecnMaintenance
oc
,tnempoleveThed laPagoda
noitan Worship
retsof ot noitavonni dna Social System
yltnerruc era ew Ceremony
,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcLatency et evitavoronPattern
ni fo Maintenance
Integration
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaRGoal
fo tneAttainment
diserP
Adaptation
This research was qualitative research to study of the structure of social

relationship in The Pagoda Worship Ceremony of Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw),
hermit of Talaku sect through the “legend” Ban Monkua, Umphang District, Tak
Province. The research was divided into 2 steps as follow:
1) The first step was to study the history of “The Pagoda Worship
Ceremony of Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw), hermit of Talaku sect through “legend”
2) The second step was to analyze the structure of social relationship in The
Pagoda Worship Ceremony of Keren Society (Pwo and Sgaw), hermit of Talaku sext
through the “legend”
The first step was to study the history of The Pagoda Worship Ceremony of
Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw), hermit of Talaku sect through the “legend”. The
research methodologies were
1) The research was Community Education Predication: CEP community
members were allowed to participate in this study. Data collection was done by
February
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RAJAMANGALA
historical UNIVERSITY
method with saying. Secondary OF dataTECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
was obtained by document studying and
research studying.
Message
1.1 The method from thesetting
of instrument President
were of
1.1.1 The researcher draftofan
Technology
interview fromKrungthep
which consisted of item
for the history of The Pagoda Worship Ceremony.
1.1.2 This interview
 RMUTK
form was aims to be a tocreative
presented technology
3 expert of 1)
Asst.Prof.Natrada Wongnaya, Ph.D., university in Asia. The university
2) Asst.Prof.Phaturamphai has accordingly
Prapatsorn. Ph.D., 3)
Adirek Funkhiaw, Ph.D. for checking focused
contenton and
the language
development of ourIt personnel
structures. was found andthat
academic
the interview was proper and be agreed with itscurriculums
objective that align to international
1.2 Secondary data standards.
was obtained Webyhave also promoted
8 purposive informantstheof research
spiritual
leaders and wisdom development, the academic ic services with creative
1.3 Secondary dataconcepts, and the
was obtained bypreservation
studying theofdocument
arts and culture.
of Border
Patrol Police Sub Division 34, Border Patrol Under
Policethegovernment’s
Region 3 Tak vision of Thailand
Provincial Cultural
Office, Ministry of Culture, Academic4.0 that emphasizes
documents the useresearch.
and related of technology, creativity,
1.4 Indept-interviewandwasinnovation
the method to to find
fosterthenational
history ofdevelopment,
The Pagoda
Worship Ceremony through the “legend”prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
1.5 Participatory Observation
prepared towas the method
develop for dataeducational
the creative collection. This
and
participatory was incompleted. The researcher
learning systemsmade and toa equip
good students
relationship
withwith the
the use
informants. of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
1.6 Data collection,placed
expert interpreter
importanceinoncultivating
Karen language (Pwo and Sgaw)
accomplished and
was the person to translate the story. Mind graduatesfor
proficient mapping wasthe alsonational
used indevelopment.
data collection
devel
1.7 Data Triangulation was used to check the sources of the data both
primary and secondary data. Time, places and person would be considered for realiable
data. The event would be put in order.
1.8 The primary and secondary data related with the history of The
Pagoda Worship Ceremony of Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw),
President of Rajamangala Universityof hermit of Krungthep
of Technology Talaku sect
was concluded and presented to the experts for content correction.
The second step was to analyze the structure of social relationship in The
Pagoda Worship Ceremony of Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw), hermit of Talaku sect
through “legend”. The methods were as follow:
1) Content analysis to find the explanation of the appearance in The Pagoda
Worship Ceremony. Find the relation of social system and four basically performances
of the word “LIGA” which were 1) Adaptation 2) Goal Attainment 3) Integration and 4)
Latency Maintenance (Suphang Chantawanich, 2009 : 165-167). The conclusion was
done.
2) Three experts in sociology as shown in 1.1.2 corrected the analysis of the
structure of social relationship in the Pagoda Worship Ceremony. The conclusion was
done.
3) The researcher concluded the structure of social relationship in The
Pagoda Worship Ceremony of Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw), hermit of Talaku sect
through “legend”
6. Conclusion Discussion and Suggestion
The study of the structure of social relationship system in The Pagoda Worship
Ceremony of Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw), hermit of Talaku sect through “legend” of
Ban Mongkua, Umphang District. Tak Province were as follow:
2681dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTheTGConclusion
NURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
The history of Karen’s culture (Pwo and Sgaw), hermit of Talaku sect,
Ban Mongkua, Maechan Sub-district, fo tnedisUmphang
erP eht mDistrict,
orf egassTakeM Province was in the west
of thai and Myammar pehtborder.
gnurK Theirygoloold T fo ytisrwas
nhcedwellings evinin
U Myanmar.
alagnamaj(This
aR was primary
data from interviewing of Karen Society, Umphang District, Tak Province. The
ygolonhcedata
secondary t evwas
itaerobtained
c a eb oby t sThe
mia Border
KTUMPatrol
R Police
 Sub-Division 34, 2014, Tak
ylgnidrocccultural
Provincial a sah ytOffice,
isrevinuMinistry
ehT .aisA of nCulture
i ytisrevandinu the Faculty of Social Science,
dna lennoUniversity;
Chiangmai srep ruo fo2002)tnempoleved eht no desucof
lanoitanretni The ot nboth
gila of tahfirst
t smcouple
ulucirruof
c cancestor
imedaca (The Border Patrol Police Sub
hcraeser34,2014,p.a.)
Division eht detomothrough
rp oslathe ev“legend’
ah eW said.sdrathat
dnats
evitaerc htiwGerjame cimedbuilt
secivres(God) aca eahtcouple
,tnempof olemale
ved and female. The male named
.erutlu(Th
“Atokara” c dnsame
a stra as
fo nsky).
oitavThe
reserfemale
p eht dnnamed
a ,stpe“Athokachi”
cnoc (the same as ground). A
dnaliahwas
couple T fosent
noito
sivEda
s’tngarden
emnrevto ogecreate
ht redhuman.
nU They worked for 6 days and 1 for a
,ytivitaeThey
holiday. rc ,ygate
olonfruits
hcet fino ethe
su egarden
ht sezisexcept
ahpmeone tahtfruit
0.4 was forbidden. It they ate, they
would
,tnemgot
polebad
vedluck.
yltnerruc eraMerkole ew ,yt(Envious
ilibaniatsuperson)
s dna had ytireptold
sorp of them about the fruits that
forbidden
dna lanofruit
itacuwas
de esupernatural
vitaerc eht pfruit.oleveOnly
d ot Gerjame(God)
deraperp could eat it. So the god not
allows
esu ehthem
t htiwtosteat
nedit.
utsThey
piuqeateotthat
dnafruit
smetsecretly.
sys gninrThere
ael were some changes. They did
not
evaconnect
h eW .ewithgdelwGerjame,
onk fo sbut eigothey
lonhalso
cet egot
vitathe
vonbad
ni fothings in theirselve. Gerjame sent
“Esipermoko”
dna dehsilpm(Earth’s
occa gncontroller)
itavitlucnotoeccontrol
natropm both
i deofcathem
lp and their offsprings.
.tnempoThelevedhistory
lanoitaof n emigration,
ht rofsetaudseparation
arg tneicifof orpKaren Group (Pwo and Sgaw)
(This data was obtained by the interviewing of Karen Society, Umphang District, Tak
Province on December 23rd, 2015 and secondary data form the Border Patrol Police Sub
Division 34, 2014; p.a.) the data was shown that
“Once a time ianitThai
iNtikperson
uS.rD wanted to make a marriage proposal with
Karen
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinwas
leader’s daughter. Her named U alMeryaephae
agnamajaR f(Saisoy).
o tnediserKaren
P leader refused, so
Thai did not sell Kasen the salt for 3 years. Finally, he permitted with the agreement
which indicated that they got a son, this son must be the leader of two tribes. They got a
son, when the son was 20 years old. Thai person told Karen about leader appointment.
Many of Karen participated in the party with alcohol and foods. All night Thai had
killed all male Karen except female Karen. Moreover Thai attacked Karen again, so
they were separated some of Karen (Pwo) moved to south and some (Sgaw) moved to
Myanmar.
The history of The Pagoda Worship Ceremony and Practice with the five
precepts of Karen Society (Pwo and Sgaw), hermit of Talaku sect through the “legend”
(The Border Patrol Police Sub Division 34, 2014; 9 and the Faculty of Social Science,
Chiangmai University, 2002 : 99) was found that
The leader of Sgaw hunted in the forest he saw many shoveling men
wearing yellow cloths. He knew that was the Buddha and the followers. He was taught
and accepted five precepts. He got new named “Yoehair” (Person who already got
goodness). The Buddha gave 8 pieces of hairs to Yoehair and said that there were 7
good days the eighth day was the bad day that called Raher (Rahu). The Buddha told
Yoehair to make the pagoda and worship. The good day would be substituted the bad
day and that day called Lakhopha (Buddhist holy day).
Karen people had known that Yoehair was the follower of the God
(Buddha), Karen people grouped together again. They swore not to drink alcohol. They
knew that alcohol made them be killed and separated. Moreover Yoehair told Karen to
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RAJAMANGALA
stop working for 1 day toUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
worship the Buddha which called Buddha’s KRUNGTHEPDay (Buddhist
holy day). Yoehair admired to be “Phue” (Grandfather).
The FacultyMessage fromScience,
of Social the President of
Chiangmai University (2002:199)
Rajamangala
indicated about the University
pagoda Ceremony of Technology Krungthep
as follow:
The leader of Sgaw saw the Buddha and the followers unexpectedly
while he hunted. Karen leader did  not knowRMUTK who theaimsBuddha
to be was.
The Buddha asked
some rice from Karen leader. He university
gave the ricein Asia.
to the TheBuddhauniversity has accordingly
unsatisfactorily. At the
time the Buddha could make a packagefocused of on rice
the development
to be enough offorour 500personnel and
of followers
included with Karen leader and hisacademic
dogs. Thiscurriculums
event made the thatKaren
alignleader
to international
admired the
Buddha and believed that the Buddha standards. We haveman.
was supernatural alsoLater
Karen leader offered
the myrobalan wood (Manacha) to development,
the Buddha.the academic
After the ic services
Buddha ate with creative
the myrobala
wood. concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
The Buddha taught Karen leader Under thatthegovernment’s vision knew
if the separated Karen of Thailand
how to
4.0 that emphasizes
distribution was, they could be harmony. For the tastethe of use of technology,
myrobalan, creativity,
the Buddha said
that acidulous myrobalan could be andsweet with water.
innovation to Itfoster
couldnational
compare development,
with Karen’s
troubles. If Karen people were patient, they would
prosperity and be happy soon. The
sustainability, we Buddha named
are currently
the Karen leader “Yoehair” (person who already
prepared to develop got goodness).
the creativeYoehair arked and
educational the
Buddha how was Karen be unity. The Buddha
learning gave and
systems 8 pieces of hair
to equip to Yoehair
students with and
the told
use
him to build pagoda and kept the hair in pagoda.technologies
of innovative In the morning of Yoehair travelled
knowledge. We havewith
Buddha’s hair. He decided to build the pagoda
placed whileoncultivating
importance praying, he has been askingand
accomplished the
god of the sky and the earth. Did they agree
proficient or not? God
graduatesfor thereplied
nationalthat they agreed with
devel
development.
him. Then those gods have helped him to build the pagoda until it was done. And Ser-
kher-ta-ra became the named of pagoda as the Buddha supposed.
However Phueisichanber (the 3rd god) set the activities of Tamupubia
(Worship out of danger) (The Border Patrol Police Sub Division 34, 2014; pp.17-18;
Suwichan Phatthaphaiwan and other, 2015, pp. 25-16;
President of Rajamangala Universityof Tak of Provincial
TechnologyCultural Office,
Krungthep
2014, pp. 9-10 and the interviewing of Karen society, Umphang District, Tak Province
on December 24th,2015 and March 6th -10th ,2017) said that
Pagoda worship which called “Bakhao” or “Mabukhao”. This ceremony
took place the first hermit to make merit to earth, sky and weather. In the first time of
this ceremony only people who respected to the hermit could worship the pagoda. This
ceremony took place once a year. It was on the first quarter of March which could be
the same as April in Thailand.
There were 3 styles of pagoda which were sandy pagoda, earth pagoda
and rice pagoda. Each pagoda was only 3 years because they were dilapidated. Later
new pagodas were built. Each construction must depend on world’s situation.
Sandy pagoda “Khaomae” was built when they was something bad for
example illness and disease. Isi would consider to build sandy pagoda.
Sukkasem Khunthong. (2014:146) (Interviewing Karen Society, Phoppra
District, Tak Province on January 7th,2013) indicated that
“Puna” was Karen fortune tellers. He could predict accurately. He lived
outside the community. One day the Karen boy came to his house and he predicted that
Karen boy would die because of the thunderbolt so he told the boy to go back to his
parents. He afraid that the boy would be die at his house.
During the way to the boy house (in the day time), it was raining with the
thunder. That boy played at the beach. He formed the sand to be cone shape and put the
top of “Photame” tree on the top of the sand. And then he prostrated third times. He
went home. Suddenly, the raining with thunder would be calm. The next day he went to
2701dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTG
puna’s house. NURamaze
Puna K YGwhy OLOthat NHC ETwas
boy FO not YTIdie.
SREHe VIN U ALthe
asked AGboy
NAM AJA
what heR was
doing during the way home. The boy told that event to Puna. So Puna predicted that
Karen people should build pagoda fo tnetodiprotect
serP ehdangerous.
t morf egasseM
2. Earth pehpagoda ygolonhceT fo yti(Interviewing
tgnurK “Khao-her-Khao. srevinU alagnspiritual
amajaR leader, Karen
Society, Umphang District, Tak Province on March 6th, 2017) It was found that
ygolonhcet eEverthingvitaerc a on eb the
ot earth
smia compared
KTUMR with the construction of parents. Earth
ylgnidrwas
pagoda occabuilt sahfor ytiall
srepeople
vinu ehinT the .aisworld.
A ni yThis tisreevent
vinu related with human who lived in
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e d
the forest and afraid of 1) illness 2) famish 3) robbery. e h t n o de s ucof The human who lived in the city
lanoiafraid
were tanretnofi 1) ot illness
ngila 2) tahfamish
t smul3) uciwars.
rruc cHowever,
imedaca everybody should participate in
hcworship
the raeser eof ht earth
detom orp oto
pagoda slasolve
evahproblem
eW .stogether.
dradnats
evitaerc h3. tiwRice vres cim
secipagoda edaca ehtthis
“Khaober” ,tnepagoda
mpolevewas d built when the crops were not
enough.erufor
tlucpeople.
dna strRaining
a fo noitwasavresunusual.
erp eht dThe na ,splants
tpecnocould
c not produce their fruits. This
dnaliahwas
pagoda T fobuiltnoitosivasks’tblessing
nemnrevfrom ogehtsupernatural
rednU power the prevail fertile crops.
,ytivitaerc ,ygThe olonhinterviewing
cet fo esu ehof t sespiritual
zisahpmeleader, taht 0.Karen
4 Society, Umphang District,
Tak
,tneProvince
mpolevedon lMarch anoitan6th,2017retsof indicated
ot noitathat vontheni Pagoda
dna Worship Ceremony would be
depended
yltnerruconethe ra previous
ew ,ytilharvest.
ibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
dna lanoitacuThe de ePagoda
vitaerc Worship
eht polevCeremony,
ed ot deraIsi permust
p consider the village’s crisis
whether
esu eht ithtshould
iw stnebe dutset
s pithe
uqeriteot dornanot.smeRite
tsys or gnceremony
inrael could solve bad situation be
better.
evah e(100W .epercent
gdelwoof nk crisis
fo seicould
golonhbe cereduced
t evitavoaboutnni fo10 percent). The spiritual leaders
presented
dna dehsthe ilpmmethod
occa gnofitaThe vitluPagoda
cno ecnWorship
atropmi of decsandy
alp pagoda, earth pagoda and rice
pagoda.tto neblessing
mpolevefrom d lanosupernatural
itan eht rofsepower taudaras g tnfollow:
eiciforpThere were 10 spots besides the
pagoda (On the East). 1) The first spot called “Tamakawo” to pray for all in the earth. 2)
The second spot called “Tamujaphado” to pray for marjority of people, to take care of
children to be happy. 3) The third spot called “Tamujapho” to pray for ore from trouble.
4) The fourth spot calledi“Tamuphehue” anitiNtikuS.rDto pray children with bad attitude be back to
parent.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytis“Korlakaper”
5) The fifth spot called revinU alagnato mapray
jaR ffor
o tnfoods.
ediser6)
P The sixth spot called
“Tamuportaku” to pray for the ships were filled with fruits. 7) The seventh spot called
“Tamukolataperdutawo” to pray for ships sending the aristocracy the things. 8) The
eighth spot called “Tamusukayor” to pray for dead people and limit of life. 9) The ninth
spot called “Tamutale” to pray for safe world. and 10) The tenth spot called
“Tamulaomido” to pray for good sleeping. After finishing praying, the all walked three
rounds around the pagoda (Clockwise)
The spiritual leader also said that woman could participate in the
ceremony. There were “Tamukalo” which were in the back of Tamukawo to
Tamusukayor (The first to the eighth spots). Man and woman were separated clearly.
(The interviewing of Karen Society, Umphang District, Tak Province on
March 7th, 2017) The pagoda worship ceremony was done twice a day often breakfast.
People were divided into 2 groups. The first groups were single virgin men. The second
groups were married people (Women and Children)
The pagoda had 5 storied. Tocho, Khoatader, Potala and the top of the
pagoda were next to the base of pagoda. Isi and the followers were responsible for the
pagoda construction.
In the evening after finishing pagoda construction, they all were sitting
and singing the song described Karen’s love. All Karen should love each other. All
Karen love pagoda. Karen’s Society had 3 dimension of relationship. There were the
relationships of human with human, human with nature and human with supernatural
power.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
271
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALAThe historyUNIVERSITY
of ethnic group OF TECHNOLOGY
through the “legend” KRUNGTHEP
was shown that
Gerjame (God) the greatest or Mono-theism gave the birth of human and everything on
the earth. The god also createdMessage from
the area for the
the President
worship. The of Pagoda Worship Ceremony
of Karen SocietyRajamangala University
(Pwo and Sgaw), HermitofofTechnology
Talaku SectKrungthep
through the “legend” related
with Buddhism and supernatural power. Isi, the spiritual leader was the leader for the
rite with traditional believes. This RMUTKculture
 was repented aims totobalance
be a creative
mind andtechnology
repeat the
living between human and natural resources.
The second step wasfocused
to analyze on thethe structure
development of our
of social personnel
relationship in and
The
Pagoda Worship Ceremony of Karen academic
Societycurriculums
(Pwo and Sgaw), that align
Hermittoofinternational
Talaku Sect
through the “legend” standards. We have also promoted the research
development,
Four basically performances were the academic
1) Adaptation ic services with creative
2) Goal Attainment 3)
Integration and 4) Latency Maintenanceconcepts,
wereand the preservation of arts and culture.
as follows:
1. Adaptation was found Under that Isithegovernment’s
would set the rites vision of Thailand
depended on the
situation. The worship of sandy4.0pagoda that emphasizes
“Khaomae” the use
wasofdone
when there was
something bad. The worship of and earth pagoda to“Khao-her-Khao”
innovation foster national believed that
development,
everythings on the earth comparedprosperity
with the construction of parents.weEach
and sustainability, arepagoda was
currently
built for all in the world. Human who lived in
prepared to the forest related
develop with fears.
the creative The worship
educational and
of rice pagoda “Khaober” was done when systems
learning the cropsand were not enough
to equip forwith
students people.
the The
use
ceremony would adjust every year.of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
2. Goal Attainment
placedwas found that
importance the historical
oncultivating image show
accomplished and
Buddhism living. Yoehair accepts 5 precepts
proficient from Buddha
graduatesfor theand 8 pieces
national of hair was kept
devel
development.
in the pagoda. Everything in the earth had the owner. So worship should be done for
asking. On the first quater of March. Isi was the leader to pray for supernatural power,
creating the fertilization. Making ethnic group’s mind confidence to rely on natural
resources. Dr.SukitNitinai
3. Integration
President of Rajamangalathe
was found that story was
Universityof told about the
of Technology God, the
Krungthep
greatest or Mono-theism. It was Animism. Holy area was demonstrated. Gerjame gave
the birth to human. The belief in Buddhism which said that Yoehair Accepts from the
Buddha. This could show the process of identification on the area.
4. Latency or Pattern Maintenance was found that Isi was the moral
model so Isi’s word could be signified and holy. Pwo and Sgaw did not ask for the
rationale of the regulation.
It could concluded that Isi was the leader in the ceremony which could be
called “duty” hermit location was the mind centered. The rite could create unique and
combine the relationship between human and god and human with surrounding
environment.
Discussion
The history of The Pagoda Worship Ceremony of Karen Society (Pwo and
Sgaw), Hermit of Talaku Sect through the “legend” related with Buddhism when
Yoehair got the Buddha’s relic (hairs) travelled to one place. He decided to build the
pagoda while praying, he has been asking the god of the sky and the earth. Did they
agree or not? God replied that they agreed with him. The gods have helped him to build
the pagoda until it was done which could be shown the acceptation of supernatural
power which consistent with Chutaphan(Chamchuri Phadungchewit. (2008:101) said
that some culture believed that culture was beneath natural power. The most powerful
of human was over human’s control. Human could not win all powers of gods, fates and
magic so they finally accepted these power.
2721dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHThereTGNwere
URK3Ystyles
GO LO ofNpagoda
HCET which FO YTwere ISRE 1)Vsandy
INU Apagoda
LAGN“Kaomae”
AMAJAR was
built when there was something bad for example illness and disease. Isi would consider
to build the sandy pagoda 2) fEarth o tnedpagoda
iserP ehKhao-her-khao
t morf egasseM Karen society believed that
everything on the pearth ehtgncompared
urK ygolowith nhcethe ytisrevinU of
T foconstruction alaparents.
gnamajaEach
R pagoda was
built when the crops were not enough for people which consistent with Siripon N.
ygolonhc(2014
Thalang et evi:tae366,
rc a 377-378)
eb ot smsaid ia Kthat
TUMthe R ceremony  was cultural dynamic for
ylgnidrocThe
harmony. ca smember
ah ytisreinvinthe
u etraditional
hT .aisA nsociety
i ytisrerelated
vinu with supernatural persons. So
dna lencould
culture nosrepcreate
ruo fmorale
o tnemandpolevunique.
ed eht The no dceremony
esucof often composed of “legend”
lanoitawas
Legend nretnthe
i otraditional
t ngila taof ht ceremony.
smulucirrLegend
uc cimewas dacaan abstract. The ceremony was the
hcraeserobject.
concrete eht detomorp osla evah eW .sdradnats
evitaerc hThe tiw sstructure
ecivres cofimsocial
edaca system
eht ,tneandmpobasically
leved performance was found that
.erutlucwhich
knowledge dna stobtained
ra fo noitbyavrthe
eserlegend
p eht dwasna ,simportant
tpecnoc thing to Karen society in order
todnadjust
aliahTthemselves
fo noisiv with
s’tnem nrevoand
social gehtcultural
rednU changes. 5 precept were be used in daily
,ytivBelieve
life. itaerc ,ygin olonBuddhism
hcet fo esuwas eht sgoal
ezisahattainment.
pme taht 0.4Supernatural power (God) was
integrated.
,tnempolevRepeated
ed lanoitaculture
n retsowas f ot thenoilatency
tavonni maintenance
dna which consistent with
Chutaphan
yltnerruc Phadungchewit.
era ew ,ytilib(2008aniats:u60)
s dsaidna that
ytirethe
psolegend
rp created the unique of ethnic.
dna lanoitHuman
acude evmustitaerclearn
eht pby olevthe
ed perception.
ot deraperp Human was born without the
signification.
esu eht htiw Culture
stnedutsmade
piuqe human
ot dna besmesignificant.
tsys gninraePerception
l was culture decision.
Human
evah eselected
W .egdethe lwoway
nk fof
o slearning
eigolonhby cettheevbackground
itavonni fo of human.
dna dehSuggestion
silpmocca foe gninext
tavitlresearch
ucno ecnatropmi decalp
.tnem1)poThe
leveresearch
d lanoitashould
n eht rosignify
fsetaudon argthe
tneirelationship
ciforp which based on the tie of
blood. Which consistent with the research in a title of “The study of worth culture
towards area relationship of Karen ethnic in 5 Border District in Tak Province.
2) There were many Karen ethnic in Tak Province. There was traditional
knowledge with multi culture ianitiwhich
NtikuSconsistent
.rD with research in a title of Participatory
of pcultural Tourism of Ethnic through the legend.
7. Reference
[1] Chutaphan (Chamcuri) Phadungchewit. (2008). Culture Communication

and Unique. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press
[2] Kriangkrai Kertsiri. (2008). Community and Cultural Landscape.
Bengkok: Usakane.
[3] Metata (Kritawit) Wiwatthananukul. (2016). The Communication
between The Couture. Bangkok : Chulalongkon University Press.
[4] Narawan Phupiphat and Ruangsun Chanta. (2015). The Analysis of Lacal
Ceremony of Ethnic in Sobmoeng Village, Meatang District, Chiangmai
Province. Thesis of Master of Arts Major in Thai Chiangmai Rajabhat
University.
[5] Phanudet Kertmali. (Editor) (2009). Forestry Ways, The Maintenance of
West Forest. Bangkok: TQP. Co. Ltd.
[6] Siriphon N. Thalang. (Editor) (2016). Watch Folkway to Ethnic
Identification. Bangkok: Princess Maha Chaki Sirindhon Anthtopology
Centre.
[7] Siriphon N. Thalang. (2014). Theory of Folkloristic Methodology to
Analyze Legend and Folkable.(the 3rd editor). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn
University Press.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
273
Thailand15
[8] Sirirat Atsakun. OF TECHNOLOGY
(2016). Introdution KRUNGTHEP
to Sociology. (the 4th editor).
Bangkok: Culalongkorn university Press
Message from
[9] Sukkasem Khunthong. the President
(2014). The Forms of of Developing Community
Rajamangala
Based University
on Community of Technology
Cultural Ecology: A Case Krungthep
of Karen’s Community.
(Pakakeryo) Phopphra District, Tak Province.
[10] Sukkasem Khumthong.
 RMUTK
(2014). The aims
Modeltoofbe a creativeDevelopment
Community technology
on Cultural Ecology: university
A Case inof Asia.
KarenThe university
Society has accordingly
(Pakakeryo) Phopphra
District, Tak Province. Kamaphaeng Phet: Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat personnel and
University. academic curriculums that align to international
[11] Suphang Chathawanit. standards.
(2009).We haveofalso
Theory promoted
Sociology. (thethe
2ndresearch
editor).
development,
Bangkok: Chulalongkorn UniversitythePress.
academic ic services with creative
concepts, and (2009).
[12] Suwichan Phatthanaphraiwan. the preservation
Knowledgeof artsfor
and Community
culture.
Management Through The Social UnderStructure
thegovernment’s
Umphangvision of AThailand
District: Case of
Banmata - Ban Mongkua4.0 thatMaechan
emphasizes the use ofUmphang
Sub-District, technology, creativity,
District, Tak
Province. Chiangmai: andMacprinting
innovationPress.
[13] Tak Provincial Cultural Office,and
prosperity Ministry of Culture.
sustainability, we(2013). Cultural
are currently
Folkway of Pakakeryo. Tak Province:
prepared to develop n.d. the creative educational and
[14] Teachers of The Department of Sociology
learning systems and toand Humanity,
equip studentsThewithFaculty
the useof
Government Chulalongkorn University.
of innovative (2004).
technologies Society andWe
of knowledge. Culture.
have
Bangkok: Chulalongkorn
placedUniversity.
[15] The Border Patrol Police Sub
proficient Divisionthe
graduatesfor 34,national
The Border
devel Patrol Police
development.
Region 3. (2014). Report of Isi with Banlatongkua. Tak: n.d.
[16] The Dhammapitaka and others. (2009). Community Folkway: Su-Ji-Pu-
Li. (5). Bangkok: Srinakarinwirote University
[17] Yot Santasombat and Others. (2008). Authority, Area and Ethnic Unique,
Culture Politic of Nation in Thailand. Bangkok:
President of Rajamangala Universityof Princess Maha
of Technology Chaki
Krungthep
Sirindhon Anthtopology Centre.
2741dnalFebruary
Thailand
PConservation
EHTGNURKand YGRestoration
OLONHCEof T Thai
FO YHerbs
TISREUsed VINUforATreatment
LAGNAMA ofJAR
Male Sexual Dysfunction
pehtgnurK ygSumpan fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
olonhceTKlamkomal
Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Cultural Science, Mahasarakham University
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehSongkoon T .aisA niChantachon
ytisrevinu
dna lennAssoc.
osrep Prof.
ruo f,oFaculty
tnempooflevCultural
ed eht nScience,
o desucMahasarakham
of University
.erutThis
luc dqualitative
na stra fo noresearch
itavreserisp eintended
ht dna ,stotpe1)cnoreveal
c the present condition of the
dnaliahT fo and
conservation noisivrestoration
s’tnemnrevofogeThai ht redherbs
nU used for treatment of male sexual
,ytivitaerc ,y2)
dysfunction. golInvestigate
onhcet fo estheu ehproblems
t sezisahpm ofe the
taht conservation
0.4 and restoration of the
herbs,
,tnemand
pole3)vedto lfind
anoiappropriate
tan retsof ways ot nofor itavthe
onnconservation
i dna and restoration of the Thai
herbs.
yltnerruThec erresearch
a ew ,ytoolstilibanused
iatsusin dthis
na ystudy
tirepsoare
rp preliminary survey interviews,
observations,
dna lanoitacfocus
ude egroups
vitaerc and
eht workshops.
poleved ot The derasample
perp group includes 30 folk healers
and
esuherbal
eht htitherapists
w stnedutsand piu70qe omale
t dnasexual
smetsydysfunction
s gninrael patients from Roi Et, Nakhon
Ratchasima
evah eW .eand gdeNakhon
lwonk foPathom
seigoloprovinces.
nhcet evitaThe vonndata
i foare analyzed by using descriptive
analysis
dna demethod.
hsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
.tnThe
empfindings
oleved lanhave
oitanindicated
eht rofsetthat
audathese
rg tneiherbs
ciforp tend to be conserved by folk
healers, herbal therapists, and persons concerned only but others are not aware to
conserve them. And the appropriated way for conserving and restoring them is to
encourage all the people concerned to instill a sense of conservation and restoration of
this kind of herbs to general ianpeople.
itiNtikuS.rD
Keywords :
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytirestoration,
Conservation and srevinU alagMale namasexual
jaR fodysfunction
tnediserP
1. Introduction
Sexual dysfunction or sexual disorder is difficulty experienced by an individual

or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure,
desire, preference, arousal or orgasm. As for Thai herbs which have their properties of
male sexual dysfunction treatment such as black galingale, paper mulberry fruit,
wolfberry, fruit fragrant-flower garlic seed, safflower and honey. The medicinal
properties in them help stimulate blood circulation that it is necessary for maintaining
an erection of the penis during sexual activity in human, and a product which has these
kinds of Thai herbs as ingredients was co-produced between Department of Pharmacy
Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University and a
pharmaceutical company. In the past, traditional Thai medicine stems from pre-history
indigenous regional practices with a strong animistic foundation and when Buddhism
established itself in the Thai culture by the name of Theravada from Sri Lanka about
700 years ago, Buddhist medical knowledge via the Mon people and Chinese medical
knowledge with the migration of the Tais who came largely from southern China played
an important role in Thai society. In the early 1900s, traditional medicine was
“outlawed as quackery” in favor of Western medicine, however by the mid 1990s it was
once again being supported by the Thai government [4]. At present, some people living
in the research areas tend to conserve and restore Thai herbs with properties of treating
sexual dysfunction urgently. As a result, this research aims to study the conservation
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
275
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
and restoration of the ThaiUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
herbs that are used KRUNGTHEP
in Thai herbal remedies for the treatment
of male sexual dysfunctions.
The objectives of this research

 RMUTK
are aims to be a creative technology
as follows:
1) To reveal the presentuniversity in of
condition Asia.
the The universityand
conservation hasrestoration
accordingly
of
Thai herbs used for treatment of male sexual dysfunction. of our personnel and
academic ofcurriculums
2) To investigate the problems that align
the conservation to international
and restoration of the
standards.
Thai herbs used for treatment of male We have also promoted the research
sexual dysfunction.
3) To find appropriate development, the academic
ways for the conservation ic services
and with
restoration creative
of the Thai
concepts,
herbs used for treatment of male sexual and the preservation of arts and culture.
dysfunction.
Framework (Conceptualization) Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
devel
A qualitative research methodology is used for this research. It is focused on

understanding, interpreting, and analyzing the data derived from all the research
instruments.
4. Research Design
The research is based on documentary and field studies. A content analysis is

used for analyzing the fata obtained from surveys, interviews, observations, focus
groups and workshops. The data concerning the present condition of the conservation
and restoration of Thai herbs used for treatment of male sexual dysfunction, the
problems of the conservation and restoration of the herbs and appropriate ways for the
2761dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTand
conservation GNUrestoration
RK YGOLofONthe HCThai
ET Fherbs
O YTIareSREanalyzed
VINU ALinAG NAMtoAJfind
order AR the
conclusion of the research.
Research Period fo tnediserP eht morf egasseM
pehtgnperiod
The research urK yis goduring
lonhceJuly ytisr–evJuly
T fo2014 inU 2016.
alagnamajaR
Research Area
ygolonhcetThe eviresearch
taerc a area
eb oconsists
t smia of KT3Uprovincial
MR areas
 as follows:
ylgnidrocca s1) ah Chiangmai
ytisrevinu Sub-District,
ehT .aisA niPhochai ytisreviDistrict,
nu Roi Et Province.
dna lennosrep2) ruWango fo tnMi empSub-District,
oleved eht noWang desucNam
of Khiaw, Nakhon Ratchasima
Province.
hcraeser eht 3)deSa tomPhattana
orp oslaSub-District,
evah eW Khamphaeng
.sdradnats Saen District, Nakhon
evitaercProvince.
Prathom htiw secivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
.erutlucThese
dna strareas
a fo nohave
itavresmedicinal
erp eht dnaplant
,stpecnplantations
oc and groups of herbal
dnaliahT fo including
conservation, noisiv s’tgroup
nemnrof evofolk
gehhealers
t rednUwho produce herbal medicines.
,ytivitaePopulation
rc ,ygolonhandcet fSample
o esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
,tnempolevResearch
ed lanoitpopulation
an retsof oist target noitavopeople
nni dnaliving in the research areas of
Chiangmai
yltnerruc eSub-District
ra ew ,ytilof ibanRoiiatsuEt
s dProvince,
na ytirepWangsorp Mi Sub-District of Nakhon
Ratchasima
dna lanoitaProvince,
cude evitandaerc SaehPhattana
t polevedSub-District
ot deraperpof Nakhon Prathom Province. A
sample
esu ehoft h100
tiw speople
tnedutswaspiuqselected
e ot dnabysm means
etsys gofnianrpurposive
ael sampling. It consisted of
the
evtwo
ah egroups
W .egdas follows:
elw onk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
dna dehsilpm1.30 occafolkgnihealers
tavitlucandno eherbal
cnatrotherapists
pmi decalp
.tnempo2.70
levedmale
lanosexual
itan ehdysfunction
t rofsetaudarpatients
g tneiciforp
Research Instruments
The instruments used for data collection are as follows:
1) Structured interview, folk healers, herbal therapists, and patients are
interviewed. The structure iaof
nitinterview
iNtikuS.rD consists
 of 2 parts:
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaabout
Part 1 is personal information R fo tnname,
ediserPsurname, age, gender,
educational background, occupation or position and condition of living and so on.
Part 2 is a set of questions about details of the treatment of male
sexual dysfunction by folk healers, herbal therapists, the satisfaction of all those
involved in traditional medicine.
Part 3 is a set of questions about details of appropriated ways for
conservation and restoration Thai herbs for treatment of male sexual dysfunction.
2) Unstructured interview (In-depth interview) focused on deep details
and deep feelings of all those involved which are deeper than the information derived
from the structured interview.
3) Observation, both participatory and non-participatory methods of
observation are used for studying all those involved in the treatment of male sexual
dysfunction.
4) Focus group, each focus group is held for discussing the appropriated
ways to conserve and restore Thai herbs in the research area by inviting folk healers,
herbal therapists, patients, and persons concerned about 5-9 people.
5) Workshop, each workshop is held for discussing the practical
appropriate ways to conserve and restore Thai herbs in the research area by inviting folk
healers, herbal therapists, patients, and persons concerned about 15-19 people.
Data Collection
All the data concerning the research objectives were collected through all
the research instruments. The issues and objectives were defined by the question of in-
depth interviews and participatory observation.
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RAJAMANGALA
Data Analysis UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
All the data derived from both documentary and field studies were classified
Message
into three categories according to thefrom the President
research objectivesofand analyzed in order to find
out the conclusionRajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
of the research.
Presentation of Information
RMUTK
Upon completion of the fieldwork, aims to be
the researcher willa use
creative technology
information from
the recording, transcribed interviewuniversity
of data and in photography
to classify hasas a accordingly
type of data
classifying under each category, focused
and thenonpresentthe development of our inpersonnel
the data analysis the formand of
depiction. academic curriculums that align to international
5. Results development, the academic ic services with creative
The present condition of the conservation and restoration vision
of Thaiofherbs
Thailand
used
4.0 that emphasizes
for treatment of male sexual dysfunction indicates that thethe
useherbs
of technology,
such as fingercreativity,
root,
black galingale, black pepper, paddy’s Lucerne, mucana,
and innovation to foster bitter vine, and
national Eurocoma
development,
longifolia jack are decreased from prosperity
the natural forests in the research we
and sustainability, areasare
because most
currently
of forests are destroyed by internal and external
prepared people,thewhile
to develop reforestation
creative educationalis rarely
and
operated. The Thai herbs used forlearning
treatment of maleand
systems sexual dysfunction
to equip studentsare intensively
with the use
used and nearly extinct. Thus, of theinnovative
majority of folk healers,
technologies of herbal therapists,
knowledge. We haveand
general people are aware of this placed
problem. Althoughoncultivating
importance all those concerned seem toand
accomplished be
aware of herbal conservation, folk healersgraduatesfor
proficient and herbal therapists
the national tend to take action to
devel
development.
conserve them concretely.
The main problem of the conservation and restoration of Thai herbs used for
treatment of male sexual dysfunction is these herbs tend to be conserved by folk healers,
herbal therapists, and persons concerned only but others are not aware to conserve them.
As a matter of fact, many herbs are used for food in daily life
President of Rajamangala Universityof of such as blackKrungthep
Technology pepper and
finger root, they sometimes are called medicinal food.
As for the appropriate ways to conserve them, most folk healers, herbal
therapists, and people concerned conserve and restore Thai herbs used for treatment of
male sexual dysfunction by planting them in their patches through an organic process in
order to maintain their perfect medicinal properties. Some of them establish their
houses and their patches as the learning centers of herbs, knowledge of the conservation
and restoration of herbs is transmitted to interested people there. Someof them
propogate them through a technique of tissue culture. The result of workshops
indicated that the appropriate way for conservation and restoration Thai herbs used for
treatment of male sexual dysfunction is to encourage all the people concerned to instill a
sense of conservation and restoration of this kind of herbs and other rare herbs to
general people through integrated communication; for example, face-to-face
communication, social network communication, mass communication, and on-line
communication. It can be illustrated as figure1.
2781dnalFebruary
Thailand
A Psense
EHTG ofNconsecration
URK YGOLand ONrestoration
HCET FOof YTThaiISRE VINcan
herbs U ALbeAinstilled
GNAMAtoJA R
general
people throngs these channels :
 Face – to – Face foCommunication
tnediserP eht morf egasseM
 SocialpehNetwork ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
tgnurK Communication
 Mass Communication
ygolonhcet eOn-Line vitaerc aCommunication
eb ot smia KTUMR 
dFigure
na lenn1o:The srep Instillation
ruo fo tneof mpAolSense
eved eof htConservation
no desucof and Restoration of Thai Herbs
6.hcDiscussion
raeser eht detomorp osla evah eW .sdradnats
.erutThe
luc dinstillation
na stra fo nof oitavsense
reserpofehconservation
t dna ,stpecnoand c restoration of Thai herbs used
dntreatment
for aliahT fo ofnomale isiv ssexual
’tnemndysfunction
revogeht reand dnUothers is the appropriated way for this case
,ytivitaeitrcis,ythe
because golroot
onhccause
et fo eof su this
eht sproblem.
ezisahpmeAtasense ht 0.4of conservation and restoration of
,tnempthings
useful olevedforlasociety
noitan isrenecessary
tsof ot nfor oitamaintaining
vonni dna the public interest according to
yltnerresponsibility
social ruc era ew which ,ytilibaPalmer
niatsus [5]dndescribed
a ytirepsothat rp social responsibility is a duty
every individual has to perform so as to maintain a rbalance
d na la n o i ta c u de e v i taer c e h t p o le ve d o t de r a p e p between the economy and
esuecosystems.
the eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys gninrael
evah eW The.egconclusion
delwonk foderived seigolofromnhcetallevthe
itavresearch
onni fo instruments such as interviews,
dna group
focus dehsilpdiscussions,
mocca gnitaand vitluworkshops
cno ecnatrhas opmrevealed
i decalp that a sense of conservation and
.tnem
restoration ofpThai
oleveherbs
d lanocan itaninstill
eht rointo
fsetathe
udapublic
rg tneithrough
ciforp agents of change or agents of
socialization such as leaders of villages, leaders of communities, teachers or monks, and
then these agents will instill this sense into mass people through their channels which
they are available such as face-to-face communication, social network communication,
mass communication, andiaon-line nitiNtikcommunication.
uS.rD These agents play a role as social
institutions
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnediThis
that can teach norms and values for the public. serP is consistent with Mc
Quail [6] who described that the media can teach norms and values by way of symbolic
reward and punishment for different kinds of behavior as represented in the media. It is
also consistent with Georgia Elgar [7] who studied about the transmission of traditional
agricultural knowledge in rural India, the result indicated that while traditional
knowledge is transmitted largely through an intergenerational learning chain, it was
found that traditional knowledge is not an end goal in itself, rather a tool, among many,
which can be used to maintain economically, and environmentally sustainable
agricultural systems.
As for in-situ conservation, people living in the research areas such as folk
healers, herbal therapists, people suffered from sexual dysfunction, and others conserve
Thai herbs used for treatment of male sexual dysfunction and other rare herbs in their
patches through an organic process. Some of them propagate them through an
agricultural technique of tissue culture, this technique can increase a great number of
herbs without the limitation of time and space. This is consistent with Okigbo RN.,
Eme UE., and Ogbogu S. [8] who suggested that sustainable management and
conservation endangered medicinal plant species are important not only because of their
value as potential therapeutics but also due to worldwide reliance on tradition medicinal
plants for health.
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7. Conclusion
The appropriateMessage from the President

way for conservation of
and restoration of Thai herbs used for
treatment of maleRajamangala University
sexual dysfunction of Technology
on others is to instillKrungthep
a sense of conservation and
restoration them to all the sectors of Thai society through all channels of integrated
communication.  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
8. References focused on the development of our personnel and
[1] Korenman, SG. (2004). standards.Epidemiology
We have also of promoted
Erectile the research
Dysfunction.
development,
Endocring. Dysfunction. Endocrine.the academic
Vol.23 (3):ic87-91.
concepts, (2014).
[2] Chulalongkorn University. and the preservation
Thai Herbalof Medicine:
arts and culture.
A New
Solution to Male Impotence. Under thegovernment’s
Retrieved September vision
11, of Thailand
2016 from
http://www.chula.ac.4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
th/en/archive/2882.
[3] Salguero, C. Pierce. and(2007). Traditional
innovation Thai national
to foster Medicine: Buddhism,
development,
Animism, Ayurveda.prosperity
New York:and Hohm Press.
[4] Ratarasarn Somchintana.prepared(1986). The Principles
to develop and Concepts
the creative of Thai
educational and
Classical Medicine.learning
Bangkok: Thai Khadi
systems Research
and to Institute,with
equip students Thammasat
the use
University. of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
[5] Palmer, Karen. (1995). placed “Tightening Environmental
importance oncultivating Standard: and
accomplished The
Benefit-Cost or The No-Cost
proficient Paradigm?”
graduatesfor The Journal
the national devel of Economic
development.
Perspectives. Vol. 9 (4): 119-132.
[6] Mc Quail, Dennis. (2005). Mc Quail’s Mass Communication Theory: 5th
ed. London: Sage.
[7] Georgia Elgar. (2013). Transmission of Traditional Agricultural
Knowledge: Intergenerational or International?
President of Rajamangala Universityof Examining
of Technology Youths
Krungthep
Involvement in Agriculture. Retrieved September 10, 2016 from
http://digitalcollections.sit. edu/isp_collection.
[8] Okigbo RN., Eme UE., and Ogbogu S. (2008). Biodiversity and
Conservation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Africa. Biotechnology
and Molecular Biology Reviews. Vol. 3(6): 127-137.
2801dnalFebruary
Thailand
ThePEDevelopment
HTGNURK Y GO LO
Model ofNCommunity
HCET FO Y TISRE
Waste VINU AManagement
Products LAGNAMAJby AR
Participation of People at Sub-District Administrative Organization
Tumbol Pangpouy fo t n ediserP eht morfRatchaburi,
Damnoensaduak egasseM Province.
Naputr Graenake
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot Jidapa smia KRanameesrisuk
TUMR 
dna lenThenosreCommunity
p ruo fo tneHealthy
mpolevefor d ehThet nonow desudays
cof and future Concern with. The
lanoitanretngoals,
Community i ot Community
ngila taht sproblems,
mulucirruCommunity
c cimedacapeople, Community mind and the
hcraeser eparticipation,
community ht detomorp Especially
osla evahThe eW waste.sdrproducts
adnats of Community , it may be The
evitaercofhtpopulation
problem iw secivreand medabig
s ciThe ca problem
eht ,tnem ofpoLocal
levedGovernment Administration. So ;
.eruparty
all the tluc dnofa scommunity,
tra fo noitavrmust
eserp ebeht dparticipative
na ,stpecnoc for Theia problems, The waste
dnaliahToffoCommunity,
products noisiv s’tneby mnthe
revoway
gehtofresame
dnU innovation of co-operative management,
,ytivias
Such taeThe
rc ,ygway
olonofhceWaste
t fo esuproducts
eht sezisBanking
ahpme tawhich ht 0.4 manipulate from three party of
Village,
,tnempoTemple
leved andlanoSchool.
itan retsof ot noitavonni dna
yltnerruThec epurpose
ra ew of ,ytThis
ilibanresearch
iatsus dwerena y: t1)ireto
psostudy
rp and analysis The fundamental
ofdnwaste
a lanproduct
oitacudemanagement
evitaerc ehby t pProblem
oleved The ot dparticipation
eraperp of people 2) to analysis The
factors
esu ehoft htmodel
iw stneof ducommunity
ts piuqe ot dwaste
na smProducts
etsys gninmanagement
rael by The participation of
people
evah e3) WTo.egpropose
delwonkThe fo smodel
eigolonand
hcetmethod
evitavoto nnimanagement
fo The waste Products of
community
dna dehsilwith
pmocThe ca gparticipation
nitavitlucno ofecpeople
natropm iniTumbolPangpouy
decalp
.tnThe
empresearch
oleved lamethod
noitan ewere
ht rofsThe
etaumixed
darg tnmethod
eiciforp design colleting the data from
the research instrument of Quantitative and Qualitative method ; The Questionnaire to
survey The people opinion ,Sample size of population and then, In-depth interview by
17 Expertise to The construct model of waste Products management and finally,
collecting data by focusiagroup nitiNtifor
kuS2.rDtimes
 to conclusion and conceptualized The
participation
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajamanagement.
Model of Community waste Products R fo tnediserP
The Results of This research found That 1) The fundamental of community
waste products management were for The Knowledge of people, The attitude of
population The awareness of everybody to handle The community waste products and
for The method of people Participation at last problems were about at The way to
motivation for good Co-operative people and The way to social sanction for The non
Co-operative people with The rule of Community The Community Waste products
management factors were for, The everybody should awareness and and set objectives
together for clean Community and should have some training for every old agedto
build awareness of co-operative activity of the community, add up of the administration
of The Recycle waste Product Banking of The Community and the other ways were to
have The manual to community waste product management for 4,R technic : Reduce,
Reuse,Recycle and Reformulation by innovation to value added of all waste products
This research would like to propose The model and method of Community
waste products management by the factors of The principle, The process and The
Projects of creative idea, such as The people and government co-operative Project . The
idea of decrease waste products from up way and the principle method of The
community were responsibility to Community waste Products by management Their
self The other project, such as, how to manage the waste product for upstream, middle
stream, and downstream, The network setting to care the Community waste product
Banking for every village, for all Temple and all school. For open house on open
community Project of community waste product management
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The research objectives OF complete
were all TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
answering, and challenge for
implementation by application from the Academic Knowledge to total good practically.
The Final Solution of ThisMessage from the
Research President
Come to The of Conceptualized Model of
Community wasteRajamangala Universityby
Product Management of Technology
Participation Krungthep
of people from Sub-District
Administration Organization, Like This.
devel
The picture of The participation Model for Community Waste Product

Administration from The model, Upper, it mean That, The Community Goals, for Zero
Waste Product and for people Healthy , The main method, By The Social innovation of
The Community Waste Product Banking Management ,Which, Administration by The
Sub district Administrative Organization , with 3 approach, The first for, The public
management of Waste Product Banking, The second for The center of sale & buy waste
products from community and, The Third, for Training center of people to management
The Waste Product Banking, The principle of Waste Products Banking Management
2821dnalFebruary
Thailand
are, ThePfirst,EHTThe GNU RK Yand

people GOGovernment
LONHCET Co-operation
FO YTISREV INUSecond,
, The ALAGN byAThe
MAupstream
JAR
decrease, and the last are, The Community approach to all activity by participation
For The branch of Waste fo tneProduct
diserP eBanking,
ht morf eThe gassfirst,
eM at the each village, The
second, at the Temple, pehtgeach
nurK ygoloand,
village nhceThe ytisreat
T fo third, vinthe
U aschool
lagnamofasub-district,
jaR by the
function of each branch, The village bank, its duty for all gathering of waste Products,
ygolCommunity
with onhcet evitaChapter erc a eand b ogood
t smiEquipment
a KTUMRused, The Temple Bank, its duty for The
ylgnidrocand
Selection ca sWaste
ah ytisproduct
revinu eclassification
hT .aisA ni and, ytisreThe
vinuSchool Waste product bank. The
duty for ; 3 operation, The Reused waste Product,uReduce
d na l e n n o sr e p r u o f o t ne m p o le ve d e h t n o de s cof waste Product, and , Recycle
lanoitproduct
waste anretni by ot the ngCommunity
ila taht smTechnology
ulucirruc ciand medLocal
aca innovation . All of this factors
hcrthe
for aeseCommunity
r eht detomwaste orp oproducts
sla evahAdministration,
eW .sdradnatsit must be successful, by 5 Key
evitaerfactor,
success c htiwLike vres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
secithis.
.erutluc1.dThe na stcommunity
ra fo noitavrleader
eserp e, hwho
t dnashould
,stpechave,
noc The Leadership from all people
atdeach
naliahvillage
T fo nin oisTheiv s’Community
tnemnrevogall ehtofreThere
dnU are, The Young, The adult, and The old
,ytivgroup
aged itaerc of ,ygcommunity.
olonhcet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
,tnempolev2.edThe lanparticipation
oitan retsofof oall t People,
noitavonall ni aged,
dna With Their public Mind, to give
and
yltnready
erructo ehelp ra etoweach ,ytiothers,
libaniatsforus alldnactivity
a ytiretopsdelete
orp and decrease, The Community
waste
dna products,
lanoitacudby e Theevitaprinciple
erc eht of poldecrease
eved ot and derdelete
aperp from the upstream way.
esu eht hti3. w The
stneNetworking
duts piuqe oof t dCommunity.
na smetsys gninrael
evah eW .egd3.1 elwTheonkmain
fo seIdea
igolof onhThe
cet people
evitavoand nni government
fo Co-operative.
dna dehsilpm3.2 occaThe gnitNGO
avitlucofno freedom
ecnatropm groups
i decalwhich
p love and faithfully, Their
community .tnemwith polemind
ved laandnoitIn-aspiration.
an eht rofsetaudarg tneiciforp
3.3 The banking network from each level, good co-ordination and good
co-operative, to handle their, function, all together.
(For picture)
The Picture of good banking Network
4.The Social Capital Used, which each village, each community, have many
of social capital which can use for the co-operative or The participation activity, Such
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RAJAMANGALA
us The natural communityUNIVERSITY
Leader. The LocalOF TECHNOLOGY
wisdom of The Local KRUNGTHEP
traditional, and co-
operative Culture of people, The public Mind of all village in the Community and, The
Message
Drachma Leader at each temple from
of sub the President of
district.
Rajamangala
5. The University
Drachma principle of Technology
with the faith fully Krungthep
rule of all people in the
community whose, Can motivation to the people, Convince, the Leader of all sector to
Joint planning and joint expert  ion toRMUTK aimsofto Community
all activity be a creative technology
waste Product
Administration. university in Asia. The university has accordingly
focused
Finally we can conclude that the 5 on
KSFs theofdevelopment
the model : Theof our personnelWaste
community and
products Management by Participationacademic curriculums
of people that align
with integration to others
to each international
see, the
picture. standards. We have also promoted the research
Reference concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
[1] Pollution Control 4.0 that emphasizes
Department. the use of technology,
(2007).People's Guide to creativity,
Reduction
nd
Separation and and utilization
innovation of tocommunity waste.2
foster national edition.
development,
Bangkok:KragronPublingsing.
[2] Krisana Srisanet.2553. Efficiency
prepared of management
to develop the creativeaccording to good
educational and
governance principles of Nakhon
learning systems Ratchasima
and to equipProvincial
studentsAdministrative
with the use
Organization. Independent
of innovative Study Report of
technologies of knowledge.
Master ofWePublic
have
Administration Local Government
placed importance Administration.
oncultivatingKhonkaen University.
accomplished and
[3] Kowit Puangngam.2552.Principles
proficient graduatesforand newthe dimensions. No. 7 Bangkok:
devel
Winyuchun.
[4] ChatcharoenRattanavibool.2543. Behavior of Solid Waste Management
in People in Saimai District, Bangkok Metropolis. Thesis Master of Arts,
Major in Political Science Bangkok: Graduate School, Ramkhamhaeng
University.
[5] ChichNinpanich and KulthanuntanaPongsathorn. 2532. Participation of
people in rural development. No. 3. Nonthaburi: SukhothaiThammathirat
Open University.
[6] Ters Sri static. 2553. Engineering Solid Waste Management. 4th edition.
Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press.
[7] Somruedee flowers, candles. 2543. habit of not throwing garbage of the
Oriental Bangkok. Master's thesis. HEALTH EDUCATION. Bangkok:
Graduate School, Srinakharinwirot University.
[8] Brueck, S., M. Kousis., D. Richardson., and S. Young. The politics of
sustainable development: Theory, policies, and Practices within the
European union, Great Britain: Creative print and Design, 1977.
[9] Carolina Armijo de Vega, Sara Ojeda-Benitez and Ma. Elizabeth
Ramirez-Barreto (2003). Mexican educational institutions and waste
Management programmes a University case study. Resources,
Conservation and Recycling Vol. 39, Issue 3. October.
2841dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGThe NURPractical
K YGOLPolicy ONHC ETConserving
for FO YTISRan EVEnvironment
INU ALAGNAMAJAR
Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University
pehtgnurK yPhongphat o ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
golonhceT fChittanura
Prasit Phutthasatsattha
ygolonhcet evitaerc Phramahaprasert
a eb ot smia KTUThavaro MR (Buppasuk)

ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT Peravat .aisA ni Chaisuk
ytisrevinu
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smuluciAbstract rruc cimedaca
evitaercHumans
htiw secan
civrelive medaca of
s cibecause ehtthe,tneenvironment.
mpoleved This is the primary factor in
.erutluthings.
producing c dna stThat
ra fomannoitamust
vreselive
rp ehHumans
t dna ,stpcan
ecncreate
oc all things best. But there is a
dnalof
lack iahpublic
T fo nconsciousness
oisiv s’tnemnrthat evogwill
eht rpreserve
ednU the environment. It will be the key to
,ytivitathe
turning erc curtain
,ygolonoff
hcetthefo public
esu ehtmind.
sezisaIthpismae way
taht 0to.4keep the environment in the right
place
,tnemfor
poall
levhuman
ed lanbeings.
oitan retsof ot noitavonni dna
Keywords
yltnerruc :Practical,
era ew Conserving,
,ytilibaniatsuEnvironment
s dna ytirepsorp
1.esIntroduction
u eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys gninrael
dna dehMovement
silpmocca of gnthe
itavpolicy
itlucnotoecadministrate
natropmi dethe calpcountry is the significant duty of
the government
.tnempoleandved the
lanodifferent
itan eht rorganizations
ofsetaudarg tnwhereeiciforpconnect the conservation of the
environment for people to have participation and create the force to produce along with
the government’s policy. It is the most importance that they are the well-being in the
balance between human beings and nature. Last time, the management and control
under the law about it might ianitiNappear
tikuS.rinD the government’s policy. In the recent, the
change
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU amore
of human’s behavior appeared lagnaand
majamore.
R fo tnTheedisenvironment
erP was used as
benefits in every dimension, but it was not conserved and taken care of it without
replacing in the lost nature. When it was destroyed until it was lost very much and
difficult to remake or make it renewable. Moreover, it was effective to the man’s life.
Though there is the law to control, some men violated it without understanding and fear.
So it was destroyed every day. When its problems appeared, the different ranks of
administrators who have the duty and take care of it in Thailand, they looked for ways
from the resources of an information for setting the policy and processes on the
practical policy for conserving the environment as follows.
1. Setting the policy on an environment that is the unity of societies for
power to move and relate with the one direction by people who realize and have the
responsibility together and creatively resolve the problems of the environment
2. Creating the curriculum on the environment that is for the unity, relate to
problem resolution and people’s needs with the social medias and realize the problems
in the recent and the future
3. Creating and promoting the activities of societies in every part and giving
the knowledge on the environment that people might face to research the resolution
4. The government would give the support by issuing the law on the
environment and create the activities with the one’s public mind, because the
government is the organization to manage it for people
5. Realizing the public mind by help the others, properly live together with
the nature and applying it to use in daily life
February
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2. The UNIVERSITY
Practical Policy for OFEnvironment
Conserving the TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
Message
1. There is the practical fromonthe
policy thePresident
environmentof by the educational system
Rajamangala
for being the procedure University
to propagate of Technology
the information into Krungthep
the needed purpose, because
the educational organizations are the most important factor or key to create the public
mind from the people who will realize
 RMUTK
and understandaimsthetoimportance
be a creative
and itstechnology
problems
university
by using and conserving it to stay along in Asia.
with them afterThe
they university
had educatedhasit.accordingly
focused
2. Issuing the law that is the good andon the development
equally used to forceof our
everypersonnel and
one and part,
because it is a tool in practice andacademic
processes curriculums that align
in many activities of the to international
societies in both
the promotion and fine with equitystandards.
when someWe men have
violatedalso
it promoted the research
development,
3. The government organizations would the academic
promote theictraditional
services activities
with creative
with
the public mind and culture connectingconcepts,
withandthethe preservation
environment of arts and and
conservation culture.
mixing
with the methods that can be applied in the Under thegovernment’s
agricultural societies, thevision
way ofoflifeThailand
and the
natural relationship 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
4. The government organizations would promote
and innovation to fosterthe national
activitiesdevelopment,
the National
Days for creating the public mindprosperity
such as cultivating the trees for we
and sustainability, praiseareHiscurrently
Majesty
King, the rite of ordination for forest and cultivating
prepared to developthe trees
the on the one’s
creative birthdays and
educational
5. Collecting the information of the
learning environment
systems and making
and to equip thewith
students activities to
the use
promote communities in improving ofthe one’s behavior
innovative and theofpublic
technologies mind toWe
knowledge. conserve
have
it, including the approaches to use placed
it from the resourcesoncultivating
importance of the nature accomplished and
Man’s living in the recent in the middle
proficient of thethe
graduatesfor environment by both the direct
devel
and indirect ways, especially, it is a part of the men who build it with many activities,
because they should participate to help together and conserve it and get rid of its
problems by turning into improvement and development their behavior as the
communities’ usages which convey to the processes of the public mind for survival of
the living creatures in the present and the future
3. Creating the Public Mind for Conserving the Environment
It will appear and raise up from the training processes of persons who have got
the mental train or development such as the meditational development that they watch
and follow it and have self-discipline, the positive thinking in the public usages and
virtues, especially participatory in the communities when they live every day. These are
the strong foundation in every step—in the family, the country and the world. It will
better effect order by order.
Creating the public mind would start to cultivate the common sense from the
young persons who will absorb response and charity, because the system of family,
communities, Buddhist Sangha and the educational institutes do not only teach the
academic knowledge, but also give them one’s hand in every help, including humble,
readiness to develop, the consciousness in the help and finally the public mind. There is
the network between the government, the private parts and all of people with the
conservative plan in the short and long term. In this plan, the performance of the
organizations will be controlled and helped relate with the change in the present and
plan in both terms.
1. Plan in Short Term
1) Giving the budget support to the projects of the environment
development by the purposes to solve the problems or to promote the quality of the
environment
2861dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEH2)TTaking
GNURK theYhelp
GOLfrom ONH CE
the T FO who
people Y TI S REVfrom
came INUtheALprivate
AGNAorganizations
MAJAR
to promote the quality of the environment
2. Plan in Long Termfo tnediserP eht morf egasseM
1) Having pehtthegnuplan
rK ygand olonpolicy
hceT fin o ythe
tisrconservation
evinU alagnaof mathe
jaRenvironment to
present and take the budget from the government
ygolonhcet2)evApplying
itaerc a ethe b otpolicysmia K TUM
and R
performance  in the conservation of the
ylgnidrocca from
environment sah ythe tisrgovernment
evinu ehT .organizations
aisA ni ytisrerelating
vinu the academic information that
isdin
nathelenframe
nosrepofrthe uo policy
fo tnem poplan
and levedtoedevelop
ht no dethe sucenvironment
of of the country
lanoitanret3) ni Controlling
ot ngila tthe aht quality
smulucof irrthe
uc environment
cimedaca by setting the standard to give
hcrgovernment
the aeser eht dand etom orp osunits,
private la evincluding
ah eW .sthe drapeople
dnats who have practiced. Moreover,
evilaw
the taercwould
htiw be secissued
ivres cto imcontrol
edaca ethe ht ,quality
tnempolof evethe
d environment such as the water
.eruthe
quality, tlucairdnaquality
stra foandnoitfishery
avreserpquality
eht dnetc.
a ,stptoecsolve
noc the defect of the law that have
dnalused
been iahT infothenopresent
isiv s’tnandemntoreforce
vogehandt reuse
dnUit effectively.
,ytivitaerc 4) ,ygoGiving
lonhcet fthe o esuinformation
eht sezisahpto me arouse
taht 0.4 the people understand in the
environment
,tnempolevedproblems lanoitanandretcalamity
sof ot nof oitan
avounbalance
nni dna because of its destruction by
workshop
yltnerruc and era seminar
ew ,ytilgivenibaniatto susthedngovernment
a ytirepsorpunits for setting the plan and
performance
dna lanoitain cudtheir
e evunits,
itaercincluding
eht polethe vedsupporting
ot derapeactivities
rp to the environment
esu eht hti5) w License
stnedutsfor piufactories
qe ot dnathat smewill
tsysbegnbuilt
inraelin those areas by issuing the law
about
evah theeWstructure
.egdelwand onk thefo blue
seigoprint
lonhcbefore
et evitthey
avonwill
ni fobe allowed by the government and
they
dnashould
dehsilbepmclosed
occa gat nionce
tavitluifcthey
no edocnaittrowrong
pmi din ecthe
alp written conditions
.tnDevelopment
empoleved lato noresponse
itan eht rothe fsetpeople’s
audarg tnneeds
eicifoonrp the recent and future situation
would be changed by emphasizing the built balance among the economy, society, man
and environment. The man is exactly central for the development according to the
nation’s economic and social development plan in the 8th, 9th and recent volume what
gives the importance to develop ianitiNtithe kuSman.rD and integrate everything together as holistic
development,
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnas
because there is the economy amtheajaRmain
fo tntool
edisto
erPstably develop the man
and the environment for well-being and happiness of Thai people in each dimension.
1. The economic dimension would be stable foundation and balance and
ability to revive and self-dependence by working in the sufficiency economy along with
the theory of His Majesty King Rama IX, beside this principle made the people strong
and better in the quality of life and they have the stability, safety and self-dependence.
2. The social and cultural dimension with villagers’ wisdom that is the
tradition and the way of life would make people able to live with the environment and
the different religions that are the spirit of them in the all communities.
3. The natural resources dimension with both living and material things
become ecological system which can give the good or bad effects to the man. Therefore,
they will be developed and made renewable by using the technology and clean power
without the pollution. These are for the better environment.
4. The politic dimension would be reformed and decentralized into the
locals to be easy to administrate and manage the system in developing the environment
quality and solving the problems within the localizations where people can independent
to manage themselves. NiranChongwutwet (2006 : 8-10)
The stable development would be interested by the societies to add the
effective and development of the units or the organizations in the government and
private works which are the best foundation for the communities as follows.
1. The man is central to stably develop by emphasizing the problem solution
in poorness. It can reasonably respond on the education, health, residence and well-
being, including the good policy and populations.
February
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2. The natureUNIVERSITY
or environment OFisTECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
conserved or protected, taken care or
supported in every usage economically and effectively. It depends upon the morality in
Message
a personal and national level, becausefromthethe President
true of people happy as the stable
ethics help
development. The other hand, University
Rajamangala the educationalof Technology
development Krungthep
moves the other parts and
even makes the people know well the appeared problems. The most point is to reconcile
by giving up ones’ greed to everyone
 whoRMUTK
can tell aims to and
his need be areach
creative technology
it equally. These
are the stable development recited university in Asia. The(Po.
by PhraDhammapitaka university has accordingly
Or. Payutto), (1996 :65).
focused
It will be well-known by the wise men. Hence on the
the nature
development of our will
or environment personnel and
be applied
and created as their compassion not academic
only fourcurriculums
needs of human that being
align but
to also
international
the other
things. When it was changed, they standards.
learnt toWe haveoralso
protect defendpromoted the from
themselves research
the
nature or enemy. They know how to development,
be a group orthe academic
community, iccousins,
servicesin with creative
the same area
in the same time. SasinaBhara (2007 concepts,
:105) and the preservation of arts and culture.
4. Development of the Public Mind 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
Developing the complete prosperity
quality of people
and in both body andwe
sustainability, mindarethatcurrently
have the
practical principles in the societyprepared
until it isto the habit and
develop contemplation
the creative when they
educational and
create the benefits to themselves and communities.
learning systems and Thailand willstudents
to equip be advances
with intheevery
use
dimension. Now the situation expressed that it technologies
of innovative is changing quickly, especially
of knowledge. Weinhave
the
materials. When the mind development placedand wisdom are
importance slow movement.
oncultivating It causesand
accomplished the
problems to the persons and societies, because
proficient people arethe
graduatesfor lack of the development.
national common sense, but
devel
the wisdom development is accepted that it is the virtues or goodness and also very
proper to Thailand, connecting with the conservation of the environment from the plural
ethic factors.
1. The public mind for conserving the environment is believed that the
environmental destruction did not came from the lack of natural
President of Rajamangala Universityof resources, Krungthep
of Technology but it came
the way of life in the modern people. It causes the crisis of the environment. People
always believe that:
1) A man separates from the nature.
2) A man lives over the other living things.
3) A man can force the nature under his power.
4) A nature resources have never lost from the world.
5) A man can use the benefits of the nature without boundary.
2. The public min in new conservation of the environment is believed that
the world system is alive, a man cannot separate from the nature and a man is the one
with the nature called “the public mind with the stable ethics” that came from learning
and understanding the natural situations. His behavior relates with the environment with
unity. This is the most condition to live in the surrounded and stable environment.
When the public mind is developed for conserving the environment, it is stable
by passing the standard level “there are four levels in the environmental awaking”.
The 1st level will be seen the situations and problems when they would be
solved and improved by the control or care, but the problem complexions were not
found.
The 2nd level will be found the relationship with the other factors
systematically. It is felt that the pollution, destruction and calamity came from the
population, the industry, the materialism, and poorness. The communities were
awakened and ask for the government to solve the systematical problems, but we cannot
see that the environmental problems interfere in the economic system.
2881dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHThe TGN 3rdURlevel

K YGwill O LO beNH CET FO YTIto
contemplation SRhelp
EVINusU A LAGNAMAJfind
systematically AR the
relation of the environment and research the new options to manage the social and
economic system called the stable fo tneddevelopment
iserP eht mowhen rf egathe
sseMnew complex design of its
development pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
The 4th level will be waking up in the highest importance by creating the
ygolconsciousness
good onhcet evitaerfor c asurvival
eb ot of smthe
ia nature,
KTUMbut R no survival of the man.
ylgnpublic
The idroccamind sah for
ytisconserving
revinu ehT the .aisenvironment
A ni ytisreviappearsnu if the man has relationship
dna the
with lennnature,
osrep heruocanfo keep
tnempon oletouch,
ved ehunderstand
t no desucand of get the nature. This is the new
lanoitanand
concept retnprinciple
i ot ngithat la tacame
ht sm uluclearning
from irruc cim edatouch
and ca it. It is exactly easy character,
hcraethe
refuse ser materialism,
eht detomono rp ignorance
osla evahin ethe W matter
.sdradandnatsspend his life easy way.
5. Summary
,ytivitaeThe
rc ,ypublic
golonhmind
cet focameesu ehfromt sezithe
sahpractical
pme taht policy
0.4 made the framework to study
the
,tninformation
empoleved and lanotheitanresearch.
retsof Thenot nothe itavpractical
onni dnresults
a were used by collecting the
data
yltnfrom
erruc theerpolicy
a ew or,ypersonnel
tilibaniatswho us ddrivena yit. tirAll
epsoofrpcauses with the moving policy or
obstructions
dna lanoitawouldcude ebe vitachecked
erc eht by polthe
eveadministrators
d ot deraperp who evaluated the policy before
they
esu will
eht hdecide
tiw stntoedset
utsthepiupolicy.
qe ot dThey na smmay etsysstudy
gnintheraelreal information relating with the
units
evahand eWpeople
.egdewho
lwonhelp
k fo the seigadministrators
olonhcet evitaset vontheni effective
fo policy.
dna dehThe silpmcrisis
occa ofgntheitavienvironment
tlucno ecnatrcomes opmi dfrom ecalp the behavior of a man into the
societies .tnand
emptheolevworld,
ed lanbecause
oitan ehtthe rofman
setaudid
dargnot tneget
icifthe
orpresponsibility and selfish, using
the nature over the necessary needs. It cannot be renewable. Though the government
issued the law to force people, but it is not effective to them, because they defect the
responsibility and the public mind to take care of it, including protect it from
destruction. At the firstiapoint, nitiNtikthis
uS.rD is the role of the government, people and
communities
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnby
to conserve it. If they realize amthemselves
ajaR fo tnedin iseall
rP of the environmental
usages, these are the public mind in the societies where will be developed order by
order until they can live with the nature and develop the man who is the part to drive
and move the technology, the economy and the environment by the creative behavior of
the man who wish to live with the environment on the plural and stable unity.
6. Reference
[1] NiranChonwutwet. (2006). Learning Management into the Stable

Development. Community Development Magazine. 45 : (4).
[2] PhraDhammapitaka. (Po. Or. Payutto). (1996). Education Reform and
Wisdom Creation. Bangkok. Amarin Printing.
[3] SasinaBhara. (2009). Natural Resources and Environment. 1st edit.
Bangkok: So. Asia Press.
[4] OrapinChuchomatchara. Sukharom and UsaSichindarat. (2006).
Analyzing Factors of Social Mind Relating with Intellectual
Consciousness and Life Quality of Thai youth. 104th volume research
report. Bangkok; Behaviorism of Research Institute; Srinakarinvirote
University.
February
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Relations between Human OF TECHNOLOGY
and Environment KRUNGTHEP
Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University
Suwatsan ofRagkhanto
Phramaha Suchat Analayo (Maion)
Phramaha Prakasit
 RMUTK (Thitipasitthikron)
Sirimedho aims to be a creative technology
university in Asia.
Komsan Jalearnwong (titamataso) The university has accordingly
Abstract
Human life is based ondevelopment,
fundamental the academic
factors: ic services
food, water, airwithandcreative
natural
concepts,
resources, which are the main factors andproduced
for living the preservation of arts
from natural and culture.
resources, but the
situation of using natural resources as a basis Under
for thegovernment’s
living is one of thevision of of
causes Thailand
natural
resources deterioration due to lack 4.0ofthat emphasizes the
consciousness use of technology,
to integrate creativity,
life into nature and
importance of the environment to stop
and crisis in the future.
Keywords : relations, human, environment
1. Introduction learning systems and to equip students with the use
Human beings influence on environmental
placed importance change. Humans are
oncultivating not only partand
accomplished of
the environment, but human actions alsograduatesfor
proficient directly impact on environmental
the national devel
development. change
resulting human’s living in return that consists of three main components: 1) population
change; 2) human thinking system; and 3) human behavior. Those impact on
environment and human judgment that directly effect on persistence or change of the
environment in both local and national levels asDr.SukitNitinai
well as global level.
Relationship between Human and Environment
The relationships had begun since human existence in the world. The
environment is an important factor in livelihood and quality life of human. Accordingly,
humans need to live in the environment for living and advancement of technology;
consequently, the use of natural resources has increased dramatically. The natural
resource-usage with no economic and lack of responsibility causes environmental
problems that affect human life and with all living beings. Human beings and the
environment will depend on each other. As humans are part of the environment, if
environment was gone, human life will not be as well. Even human beings have long
evolved, but one thing that humans are involved in each evolution is relationships with
other organisms and the surrounding environment. Several changes of environment due
to human or natural will affect all human beings. So that humans are isolated and alone.
If you do not rely on the environment in terms of breathing, shelter, clothing, clothing,
and medicine, it will be the indication of human comfort beyond basic necessities.
2. Learning about Natural Resources and the Environment
The global environmental degradation that arisen from several kinds of

development effects lots of economical and social incompletion. Consequently, there is
a great deal of awareness and resolution to balance the environment and development in
order to achieve sustainable development by managing natural resources to provide
adequate benefits and to meet the basic human need to live good and sustainable life
quality.
2901dnalFebruary
Thailand
PMan
EHThas GNbeenURKregarded
YGOLO asNaHvaluable
CET FOnatural YTISR EVINUAnd
resource. ALAalso
GNman
AMAbrings
JAR out
the world's natural resources for his benefits, has a strong relationship with the
environment since the birth.foAs tneconsidering
diserP eht mthe orf evolution
egasseM of human beings, man
initially started to puse ehtgnatural
nurK yresources
golonhceTfrom fo ytthe
isrevbeginning
inU alagnofamdeveloping
ajaR ideas by
creating simple technologies such as the introduction of quartz to make tools for cutting
ygochopping.
and lonhcet evThe itaerstone
c a eisb decorated
ot smia K toTsuit
UM R the use of invention and improve it with
ylgniwide
more droccusage.
a sah yThey tisrevalso
inu know
ehT .ato isAusenianimals’
ytisrevinpieces
u as well-known that the first
d na le n n o sr e p r u o f o t ne m p o le ve d e h t n o de s uc
needle came from fish bone. The food was also found in nearby areas by hunting.of
lanoitanretnforest
Meanwhile, i ot isngregarded
ila taht assm ulucand
food irrucmedicine
cimedasources.
ca At the same time, they also
hcto
try raeobserve
ser eht and detexplore
omorp the oslabenefits
evah of eWnature.
.sdradAdditionally,
nats Neanderthal can learn to
evitadvantage
take aerc htiw ofsefire. civres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
.erutLearning
luc dna staboutra fo nthe oitause
vresof erpfire
eht may
dna ,sbe tpecaused
cnoc by the fire used to cook food,
dnalspread
later iahT fotongrass.oisiv sSo ’tnethat
mnritevwas
ogehapplied
t rednUto other applications by planting near the
,ytivitaercHowever,
residence. ,ygolonhceven et fo though
esu eht humans
sezisahpare me beginning
taht 0.4 to recognize the destruction of
natural
,tnempresources,
oleved labut noitthere
an reare tsofnoogoodt noienough
tavonni technological
dna processes and skills that
will
yltnhave
erruca significant
era ew impact ,ytilibanon iatthe
susenvironment.
dna ytirepsorp
dna lanHaving
oitacudeaneimpact,vitaerc naturally,
eht polevethere d ot isdearanatural
perp substitution system; but, later,
when
esu ehumanity
ht htiw stnintroduced
eduts piuqemodern ot dna sscience
metsys to gniapply
nrael to agriculture and in the past
century
evah ethe W .developed
egdelwonkand fo smore
eigoloadvanced
nhcet evitechnology
tavonni fo began to be introduced by using
fertilizer
dna dehsand ilpmselecting
occa gnitaplants vitlucnoandecnanimals’
atropmi dspecies,
ecalp which sometimes results in
unexpected .tnemresults.
polevedFor lanexample,
oitan eht rthe ofsestorage
taudargoftnpotassium
eiciforp chlorate in the warehouse to
put into practice as a fertilizer to accelerate the production of long an in the North
caused the explosion damaging human life and environment in September 1999. In this
connection, humans learned that the substance is used for explosives. Furthermore, the
accumulation of potassium ianitchlorate
iNtikuS.rin D the same place will cause heat-problems.
Accordingly,
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR around
learning about nature and environment fo tnedihumans
serP was endless as it is
evident that humans depend on and learn the nature and environment for the followings:
1. Learn to live with the environment.
2. Learn to bring nature and things closer to use or improve to make use of
living in terms of four factors, and in terms of comfort to live.
3. Learn to avoid and prevent environmental problems. Sasina Phara, (2007
: 106-108).
Although humans are trying to rely on learning, but it happens only to some
related people. Or the relationship between humans and environment would reach an
end and cause problem of environmental destruction more and more every day with
the evolution of ideas and technological progress that can use advanced tools to invade
the forest and destroy the environment throughout the world. It is regarded as a bad
thing that makes humans’ learning endless and also they find ways to avoid or prevent
environmental problems with their intelligence. Furthermore they can adapt and have a
variety of the said learning methods so that the human can be alive as far as today.
3. Economic Related with the Environment
Humans have always lived with the environment for long period. In the past,
human attention was not so much on environment, because they believe that the natural
resources and environment are around and will be available for use with no change and
degradation. After some time, world population has increased; meanwhile the natural
resources and environment began to decline due to many causes: incorrect use and
February
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RAJAMANGALA
handling UNIVERSITY
that impact on human life and OF TECHNOLOGY
welfare directly. So that KRUNGTHEP
humanity begins to
become more aware of environmental quality. In this connection, humans have
produced household goodsMessage from the
and expand President
production asofa natural material industry.
Accordingly, theRajamangala University
economic environment is of Technology
related to natureKrungthep
and environment.
Economic related with the environment includes production and consumption,
is directly related to natural resourcesRMUTK and the aims to be a creative
environment, both as technology
inputs for
consumption and as support for university
waste by using in Asia. The resources
natural universityinhas theaccordingly
process to
produce products for consumers byfocused
bringingonsoiltheresources
development of our
and water personnel
to produce riceand
for
consumption and direct consumption academic curriculums including
of the environment, that alignair;toor international
environment
supporting for waste by using natural standards.
resources Wein have also promoted
the process to produce the research
products, for
example, dust, wasted water, and development,
pollution, theetc.,academic
viz., ictheservices with creative
environment is the
consumption goods that the resources concepts,
are toand the preservation
support receptacle of of wastes
arts andand
culture.
location
space as follows: Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
1. The environment is4.0 a that emphasizes
consumer the use
product, for of technology,
example, air tocreativity,
breathe,
drinking water, cool air and warm andsunlight, energy and
innovation to lighting, etc.
2. The environment isprosperity
a source ofand resources for production,
sustainability, we are suchcurrently
as land
resources, and water resources thatprepared
is an important factorthe
to develop in the production
creative of livestock
educational and
and livestock, and energy production,learning thesystems
forest isanda watershed and combination
to equip students with the use of
biodiversity, or winds help to pollinate from onetechnologies
of innovative tree to another to mating, blooming,
etc. placed importance oncultivating accomplished and
3. The environment is supported
proficient by waste such
graduatesfor as used water
the national devel from factories
development.
or households waste to landfill waste, smoke from combustion releases into the
atmosphere of humus, carcasses and human remains buried in the soil.
4. The environment is a settlement, such as the wilderness of living beings;
water is a habitat for fish and other aquatic animals; land is an important resource in the
creation of human habitat, etc.
4. Environmental Quality and Life Quality of Human
Humans are both creators and environmental destroyers, due to humans’

routine impacts on environmental change all the time. Water use in human daily
routines and remaining water are of contaminant in the water that needs to be healed
and have increased more and more depending on human population. Finally, this water
will be released into the natural water. Natural water sources are to be definitely
affected as well or become a wastewater in the end that will affect the life or human life
quality. In this connection, it also will cause the lack of air fresheners and affect the
warming up every day. That is because of the lack of replanting trees instead the ones
damaged by human trafficking or natural disasters. Prapapan Sengwong, (1998 : 43)
states that Thailand has a policy to support education and environmental awareness. It
can be clearly seen from the beginning to determine the way of educational
development and inform the public about the environment as well as to manage
curriculum about environment in all levels of education; since compulsory education
including media releases, training sessions and non-formal education, somehow.
The problem of encroach on forest to expand agricultural area, community
expansion, transportation, and the spread of toxins in soils, air, water sources in both
rural and urban areas. Most of the causes are due to human actions in direct and indirect
because of human endless craving in which they are seeking to meet the needs without
taking into account the adverse effects on environment and also quality of life.
2921dnalFebruary
Thailand
PThe
EHTproblem-solution
GNURK YGOLO toNrestore
HCET the FO Y TISREVINand
environment U AL itsAGNAMA
quality JAR be
should
solved at the cause of problem, viz., the change in human behavior to promote and
maintain the quality of environment fo tnediseseriously
rP eht moby rf eproviding
gasseM education, training and
dissemination of correct pehtgnknowledge.
urK ygolonh ItceisTanfo yeffective
tisrevinU andalalong-term
gnamajaRmeasure in line
with the concept of Vinai Veerawatthananon (1997 : 2) thatwhen human beings destroy
ygoenvironment
the lonhcet evitmuch aerc amore,eb oitt alsosmiaaffects
KTUM R
human circuits.
 Fortunately, with humans’
ylgnidrthey
ability, occatried
sah toytithink
srevinof u ways
ehT .atoisA ni ytismeanwhile,
survive; revinu another group was trying to
dna lethe
restore nnogreen
srep rto uonature
fo tneby mpplanting
oleved etrees,
ht noadding
desucogreen
f space to the world, reducing
lanuse
the oitaof
nrefoam
tni oand
t ngplastic
ila tahbagst smwithulucithe
rrucusecimofethe
dacafabric instead. These things cause
hcworld
the raeser toehheat
t deouttommore
orp than
osla usual
evahinewhich
W .sdthose
radnaproduced
ts from human behavior.
5. Man.erutmust
luc dnrely
a stron
a fonature
noitavandreserthe
p ehenvironment.
t dna ,stpecnoc
,ytivitaeNature
rc ,ygolisonahcvaluable
et fo esuresource.
eht sezisaHuman
hpme taand ht 0.nature
4 need to rely on each other.
Meanwhile,
,tnempolevenature
d lanand oitanenvironment
retsof ot act noias tavthe
onnlungs
i dnaof the world because natural and
environmental
yltnerruc eraforests ew provide
,ytilibanipure
atsusoxygen
dna fromytirepthesorptree emitting carbon dioxide with
toxic
dna waste
lanoitinacuman-made
de evitaerwaste,
c eht such polevasedfactories,
ot deraproads,
erp etc.; oppositely, forest produce
moisture
esu eht and
htiwabundance
stneduts pcauses
iuqe otecological
dna smetsbalance
ys gninrin aethe
l ecosystem. In this connection,
the
evaancient
h eW .Thaiegdelw always
onk fosay seithat
golonrain
hcetdoesevitanot
vonfall
ni foby the season because of lacking
natural
dna deforest.
hsilpmoInccthe a gnungodly
itavitlucninjustice
o ecnatroand pmihuman
decalp inferiority to the forest, human
destruction
.tnemtopothe
leveeffect
d lanoof itapersonal
n eht rofshappiness
etaudarg tnand eicithe
forpselfishness of some people lead
to destroy the nature with deforestation that causes ecosystem and environmental
change. Accordingly, several huge problems are taking place to the mass society.
Natural forest and natural environment being abundant will cause rain. When it
rained, the forest will be flooded ianitiNtto ikuavoid
S.rD sudden floods. It is a natural mechanism that
haspeahtgreciprocal
nurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alother
relationship. On the agnamhand,
ajaR foif tnthere
ediserisP no forest or human
deforestation, it will be a disaster, drought, and the rain does not fall by the season. If
there is heavy rain, it will cause severe flooding and damage to life and property of
people. Having no forest, wildlife cannot survive. On the other hand, sustenance that is
a source of human food in the natural forest, such as mushrooms, bamboo shoots,
vegetables, and herbs in the forest will be disappeared definitely. Hence, humans and
forest, wild animals, plants, and forests including water resource need to rely on one
another for a while.
Additionally, in this connection, the Buddhist teachings have been taught that
human beings are part of the natural environment, which must live in harmony with
nature. Oppositely, the catastrophe occurs when humans break away from nature and
believe that they are over the nature and surpass nature, then, human nature, society and
nature must be in the same relationship that is the only way to find peace.
(Phradhammapitaka (P.A.Payutto), 2000 : 40)
Here, it can be seen that the relationship between humans and the environment
and the action have made change of the world. Human beings need to rely on the nature
that occurred or created by human intelligence to balance human, nature and
technology, which humans rely on the use of natural resources as raw materials for
production, such as water, energy, minerals and so on, used for human life and comfort.
When humans need housing, facilities and technological development more
and more, it makes people want to use more national resources and also consumer
demand. Thus, the natural resources were used to produce industrial goods, that is
meant the environmental degradation because of human endless needs. Accordingly,
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
293
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
pollution, UNIVERSITY
natural disasters, flood, wild fireOFandTECHNOLOGY
drought are affectingKRUNGTHEP
the world due to
the loss of natural balance, in which human is the creator and destroyer the cycle of
relationship between human Message fromimpacting
and nature the President of life quality. Furthermore,
on human
Rajamangala
humans are to face University
a lot of airborne, noise of
andTechnology
air pollutionKrungthep
that cannot be decomposed.
While, degradable waste such as plant and animal waste, including waste that is difficult
to be decomposed, such as plastic  bags,RMUTK foam, etc.,aims to be
is still a creative
a big problem technology
for human
health and society. university in Asia. The university has accordingly
In addition, humans not onlyfocused
rely toonnature
the development
and environment of our
but personnel
also the natureand
does. When nature is disturbed academic
or destroyed,curriculums
the natural thatdisasters,
align tosuch international
as flood,
standards.wildlife,
drought, low number of trees, disappeared We have also wave,
and heat promoted the increased.
etc., are research
Accordingly, humans are affecteddevelopment, the academic
by the destruction ic services
of nature with creative
and environment. If
humanity pays great attention on concepts,
nature and andenvironment,
the preservation of arts and
he should culture. the
understand
relationship between human nature and the Under thegovernment’s
environment and increasevision of Thailand
the green space to
nature by reducing the use of raw 4.0 materials
that emphasizes the use
to produce of technology,
industrial products. creativity,
In this
connection, economists have recognized the importance
and innovation of environment
to foster as a point of
success of efforts in national development.
prosperityIf and
there sustainability,
is consideration we on the
arerelationship
currently
between poor and environmental prepared
destruction to including
develop the negative impact
creative on economic
educational and
development, it will be of highlearning cost insystems
developing
and tocountries, fallenwith
equip students agricultural
the use
production, as well as the inadequacy of the technologies
of innovative promotion ofofeconomical,
knowledge.social We haveand
political systems, impacting on theplaced
nationalimportance
development at all.
devel
6. References
[1] Prabhapan Sengwong. (1998). "Research Report on the Quality of

Education in the Office of Primary Education, Trad Province". Bangkok:
TeachersPresident
Council Printing House.
of Rajamangala Universityofof Technology Krungthep
[2] Phradhammapitaka (P.A.Payutto). (2000). Man and Forests. Bangkok:
Teachers Council Printing House, Ladprao.
[3] Winai Weerawatthananon. (1997). Environmental Crisis, the Impasse of
Development. Bangkok: Ruankaew.
[4] Sasina Kara. (2007). Natural Resources and Environment. Edition.
Bangkok: Sor. Asia Press.
2941dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEWoven
HTGNFabric:
URK YG OLONH
Cultural CET FOReflecting
Heritage YTISREVthe
INRole
U ALof
AG NAMAJAR
Women
fo tneSirinut
diserP eKrutaka
ht morf egasseM
The office peof
htgArt
nuand
rK yCulture fo ytisrevinURajabhat
golonhcofeTNakhonSawan alagnamUniversity
ajaR
Muang District, NakhonSawan Province, 60000, Thailand.
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot Sirinutmeen@gmail.com
smia KTUMR 
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempoleved eAbstract ht no desucof
hcraeserThis eht article
detomocovers
rp osla various
evah eW .sdradof
aspects natsfabric and weaving. Important
evitaerc htiof
information w the res cim
secivarticle edacacquired
was a eht ,tnby empway
olevof
ed document studies from diverse
.erusuch
sources tluc dasnaresearch
stra fo npapers
oitavresand
erp academic
eht dna ,stworks
pecnocpublished by experts in the fields
ofdnfabric
aliahTand fo weaving.
noisiv s’tAll nemdetails
nrevogareeht provided
rednU under appropriate headings, keeping in
,ytivithe
mind taercsignificance
,ygolonhcet of fo efabric
su eht and
sezisclothes
ahpme taasht essential
0.4 factor for their exclusive
identity.
,tnempoItlevwased found
lanoitathat
n rfabric
etsof andot weavingas
noitavonni a dbranch
na of science and arts, weaving
unveils
yltnerrthe
uc way era ofewlife,,ybeliefs,
tilibanicustom,
atsus dand na rituals.
ytirepsorp
Key
dnawords:
lanoitawoven
cude efabric/
vitaercweaving
eht polculture/
eved otcreative
derapereconomy
p
1.evFabric
ah eW and .egdSocial
elwonkLife fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
.tnFabric
empolandevedclothes
lanoitaaren ehfundamental
t rofsetaudarfactors
g tneicof
ifolife,
rp as they are considered as one
of the four factors for survival. This fact is clearly reflected in various evidences –
documents, tales, antiques, collections, and treasures. Studies in the fields of fabric and
society as well as weaving culture in each period aim to better understand the way of
life of the people in certain iagroups
nitiNtikatuSparticular
.rD periods of time.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamamany
The weaving of local Thai people in jaR fo areas
tnedisstill
erP keep their exclusive
identity adamantly. As a branch of science and arts, weaving unveils the way of life,
beliefs, custom, and rituals, which have been descended from the past. Although some
changes occurred in terms of style, color, and pattern, the fabric of the old time still
reveals social status, ethnicity, culture, and custom of its era ( Leesuwan, 1988) such as
woman dresses (Jantawit, 2002). The patterns of the fabric are a type of cultural
heritage created by ancestors of particular ethnic groups such as Tai (Pholdee, 1988;
and Wongthes, 1993 cited in Sumtakup, 1994). Weaving can be classified into 3 types:
1) Locally Woven Fabric. This can be subdivided into two types. The first
type is Phaphun (plain fabric), used in everyday life, namely, Pha Sarong, PhaTatong,
Pha Tap, Pha Sin, andPhaKhaoma. They are produced with coarse weaving process, yet
durable. The other type needs to be produced with great care, with special attention on
beautiful colours. It takes a long time (even years) to weave, and only woman weavers
are needed. Some examples are Pha Teen Jok, PhaTaad, PhaYok, andPha Poon. They
are meant to signify love and faith. These are used in important ceremonies – merit
making, wedding, dancing, and festivals.
2. Royal Court Fabric. With beautiful colours, this type is intended for use
by the monarch and noblemen, woven finely by royal or foreign craftsmen. It also
reveals the rank of the wearers. Today, the royal court still adheres to old custom,
though some have made changes to suit current fashion.
3. Religious Fabric. This type of fabric is used for attending religious
ceremonies. Both in the past time and at present time, Thai people are definitely
associated with fabric. For Buddhist monks, the clothes include Sabong, Jewon, Anka,
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
295
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
andWatprakot. Also, In UNIVERSITY
an ordination OF TECHNOLOGY
ceremony, new white KRUNGTHEP
clothes are used,
namely,PhaPokhuanak, Pha Asana, Tung or Thong, PhaHokhumphee, andPhaPhrabot.
In varied groups Message from
of people, thethestudies
President of
of social phenomena and social
Rajamangala
interpretation entail the fact thatUniversity of Technology
fabric is able Krungthep
to reflect social status, ranks or positions
of people in society. For instance, the fabric in the royal court is for the monarch or
noblemen only. General people are notRMUTK able to aims
use ittolegally.
be a creative
Besides, technology
the fabric
belonging to a certain ethnic groups university in Asia.
specifically Thetheir
portrays university
particular hasidentity,
accordingly
faith,
custom, and culture. focused on the development of our personnel and
2. Weaving Culture standards. We have also promoted the research
General Thai people in rural concepts,
societyandleadthe preservation
a simple way ofoflife,
arts paying
and culture.
attention
to earning a living. An old saying goes: “During Undertheir
thegovernment’s
free time after vision
working of inThailand
the rice
field, women weave, men do iron4.0works”. that emphasizes the use
Yet, another old ofsaying
(in northern and
southern dialects) goes: “Womenand weave.” This demonstrates
innovation the role development,
to foster national and status of
gender. It is also evident that weaving has beenand
prosperity designated to women.
sustainability, weStudies
are related to
currently
the role and status of men and women preparedusually rely onthe
to develop literature
creativeanalyses,
educationalwhichandis
effective in bringing about truth. learning
In the northeastern
systems andsociety,
to equipmen are leaders,
students with thewhile
use
women are followers. In other of words, men are
innovative designators,
technologies whereas women
of knowledge. We have are
practitioners. That the status of men is more
placed advantageous
importance than that of
oncultivating women is dueand
accomplished to
the belief that men are dominant (Masngammuang,
proficient graduatesfor1997, cited indevelopment.
the national Worawai, 2008).
devel
Such an idea has been held for a long time. Moreover, in the southern region, folk
lullabies and tales reflect the striking role of women as weavers. Undoubtedly, weaving
is the job for women because they possess the needed quality: perseverance and
gentleness. Dr.SukitNitinai
Studies in the President
field of Anthropology
of Rajamangala dealUniversityof
with socialization
of Technology or theKrungthep
transfer of
culture, which also includes weaving technology. In the work of Samutkup and Kiti-asa,
a presentation has been made about fabric and weaving process, stressing the idea that
young girls have to learn how to weave from their elder relatives, and neighbors. Also,
in other studies, similar results have been highlighted. Women and weaving are a part of
social process, which enables women to learn about culture. Such a process is delicate
and occurs continuously throughout the life of women. It can be seen that the above
idea has made clear the outstanding role of women in response to social expectation.
Therefore, this quality of femininity is seen as cultural pattern. (Samutkup&Kiti-asa,
1994).
Today, nevertheless, weaving in communities has faded, due to social and
economic changes in the life style and culture. Unfortunately, weaving is now rarely
found in families. However, attempts have been made by authorities to revive weaving
activities in communities in order to boost the income of villagers. Their products are
continuously upgraded in order to raise economic and cultural values.
All in all, this article aims to present important facts about fabric and weaving,
based on data available from the society and culture of ethnic groups. It is wise to study
history and ethnic identity through the culture of weaving. Also, Included are the roles
of men and women, and socialization. It is certain that there are many other aspects to
study regarding fabric and weaving. Further studies are needed so as to unveil the
mysteries in our society.
2961dnalFebruary
Thailand

3. Reference
[1] Janjareon, T. fo(2011).tnediseFinely

rP eht m orf egasCraftsmanship:
Created seM Local Fabric
pehtgnurK ygoloWorld.
TowardInternational fo ytisrevpaper.
nhceT Seminar inU alSuratThani:
agnamajaR Office of Arts
and Culture. SurathaniRajabhat University.
ygolonh[2]cet eJantawich,
vitaerc a ebN. ot(2002).smia K TUM
Old R
Pattern Fabric
 in the National Museam.
ylgnidrocca sBangkok:
ah ytisrevChuan
inu ehPhim.
T .aisA ni ytisrevinu
lanoitan[3]
retni Office
ot ngiof la National
taht smulCulture.
ucirruc c(1994).
imedacaThai Fabric: The Year of Thai
hcraeser eht Culture
detomoCampaign.
rp osla evBangkok.
ah eW .sdradnats
evitaerc[4]htiwOffice imedNational
secivreofs cthe aca eht Cultural
,tnempoleCommittee,
ved (2002). Local Wisdom
.erutluc dntoward
a stra fThai
o noiEconomy.
tavreserp eBangkok:
ht dna ,stpKurusapa.
ecnoc
dnaliahT [5]fo nPitiphat,
oisiv s’tS. nem nrevOthers.
and ogeht r(2010).
ednU Birth, Old Age, Sickness, Death: Thai
,ytivitaerc ,ygWay
olonhofceLife.
t fo eBangkok:
su eht seziThammasart
sahpme taht University
0.4 Press
,tnempo[6]levedSamutkhup,
lanoitan reS. tsof and
ot nOthers.
oitavonn(1994).
i dna Women Must Weave: The
yltnerruc eraDevelopment
ew ,ytilibaof niaWeaving
tsus dnaProcess
ytirepand
sorpthe Change of Women’s Role in
dna lanoitacuE-San.
de evitaNakhonRachasima:
erc eht poleved ot Technology
deraperp Department, University of
esu eht htiw Technology
stneduts piuSuranari.
qe ot dna smetsys gninrael
evah eW [7].egdWorawat,
elwonk foW.se(2008).
igolonhcDiscourse
et evitavoand
nni Roles
fo of Men and Women through
dna dehsilpmE-sanocca Literature.
gnitavitlucMahasarakram
no ecnatropmi University.
decalp
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
297
Thailand15
Listening and Speaking Activities OF TECHNOLOGY
in ESL KRUNGTHEP
classrooms Darren M Wright

BA TESOL,
Thongsookof Technology
College Krungthep

Abstract
This article is an ongoing focused on the
study applied development
in an Elementaryof ourcourse
level personnel and
at a well-
known language center in Thailand. academic
The studycurriculums
examines the thatlistening
performances of
students throughout the development standards.
of sixWe have based
classes also promoted
on the songs: the research
Human,
Imagine, Mercedes Benz, Cats in development,
the cradle, andthe academic
Hello, Where ic services
is the love?withResults
creativeof
this study indicate that this type ofconcepts, and foster
material can the preservation of artsskills
better listening and and
culture.
engage
students in discussions about cultural andUnder socialthegovernment’s
issues. Likewise,vision resultsof show
Thailand
that
practicing listening with songs can 4.0 that emphasizes
become a goodtheway use ofto technology,
train students creativity,
in the
development of higher levels of comprehension.
Due to the fact that in Thailand the academic
prosperity and professional
and sustainability, we world
are is getting
currently
more demanding each day, thereprepared is alwaysto the need the
develop to improve
creative foreign language
educational and
teaching and learning; this means, having
learning a good
systems anddevelopment
to equip studentsof thewith fourtheskills
use
(listening, speaking, writing, andof reading)
innovativewhen learning of
technologies English.
knowledge.However,
We havethis
development is not being well done placedby importance
a significantoncultivating
amount of ESL instructors. and
accomplished An
example of this is the low level proficient
of listening comprehension
graduatesfor some ESL
the national devellearners have of
development.
the English language. Therefore, how and when do we create authentic listening
activities based on English songs, students’ listening skill can be fostered and how these
activities can be culturally meaningful and motivating for them. The results obtained in
the ongoing study will not attempt to make a Dr.SukitNitinai
wide-scope generalization, but, they will
suggest future changes in teaching listening practices and hopefully
President of Rajamangala Universityof will encourage
of Technology KrungthepESL
instructors to create new projects with the same or similar goals.
Keywords: English as Second Language (ESL), meaningful, participating, motivating.
1. Theoretical framework
The theoretical support of this study is based on three main elements: listening,
songs as authentic material and the link between songs and culture.
Listening, definition and difficulties
As defined by Oxford (1993 : 206) listening is a complex problem solving
skill and it is more than just perception of the sounds. Listening includes comprehension
of meaning words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and connected discourse. Furthermore,
according to Saricoban (1999), listening is one of the fundamental language skills. It is
a medium through which children, young people and adults gain a large portion of their
information, their understanding of the world and of human affairs, their ideals, sense of
values, and their appreciation. Rivers (1978) says that listening is a creative skill. It
means we comprehend the sound falling on our ears, and take the raw material of
words, arrangements of words, and the rise and fall the voice, and from this material we
create significance. He also states that listening skill is listening with comprehension,
attention and appreciation. Then, listening activity needs to integrate skills of language,
such as pronunciation, vocabulary mastery, writing, speaking, and reading.
2981dnalFebruary
Thailand
PSongs
EHTGasNauthentic
URK YGmaterial OLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
According to Hornby (1990), a song is a piece of music with words that is
sung. Song is also a great language fo tnedpackage
iserP ehthatt mobundles
rf egassculture,
eM vocabulary, listening,
grammar and a host pehof tgnother
urK ylanguage
golonhceskillsT fo ytinisrjust
evinaU fewalagn amajaRSongs can also
rhymes.
provide a relaxed lesson. They can also form the basis for many lessons (Futonge,
ygolonRoss
2005). hcet (2006)
evitaercsays a that
eb othet sm ia KTUofMauthentic
example R listening
 materials is listening to
ylgntolearn
song idroccamore sah yabout
tisrevwell-known
inu ehT .aisbands A ni that
ytisrsing
evinuin English. As we know wherever
wednare,
a lensongs
nosrealways
p ruo ffollow
o tnemus polatevhome,
ed ehtatnoschool,
desucatof office, at cars, and so on. So, we
landirectly
can oitanretnlisten
i ot tongthe ila song
taht and
smalso
uluciinterest
rruc cito melearn
daca the value of language in it. When
hcraeser lessons
designing eht detand omorteaching
p osla ematerials
vah eW to.sdfurther
radnatsdevelop listening comprehension
evitaestudents
skills, rc htiw need secivto medaca ehand
resbecimotivated t ,tnstay
empmotivated.
oleved This is best accomplished by
.erutluc the
determining dna suitable
stra fo nof oitathe
vrelistening
serp eht dmaterial
na ,stpecsuch
noc as the use of song as authentic
dnaliahTThe
material. fo use
noisofiv song
s’tnem nrevogehand
stimulates t redmotivates
nU students to comprehend the content
of,ymaterials.
tivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
,tnempoLinklevedbetween
lanoitasongs
n retandsof culture
ot noitavonni dna
yltnerruc Communicative
era ew ,ytilibacompetenceniatsus dnainvolves ytirepsosociolinguistic,
rp strategic, discourse,
socio
dna cultural,
lanoitacusocial
de evias taerwell
c ehas t plinguistic
oleved otcompetence
deraperp (Van Ek, 1986). According to
this,
esu weeht know
htiw sthattneducompetence
ts piuqe ot dinnaspeaking
smetsys withgninranative
el speakers is far more than a
question
evah eW of .knowing
egdelwonthe k fgrammar
o seigoloand nhcelexis
t evitand
avonbeing
ni foable to operate them in real time.
Broadly
dna dehspeaking,
silpmoccawegncan itavsay
itlucthat
no elanguage
cnatropmteaching
i decalp has been influenced by internal
factors .tabove
nempoall levin
ed the
lanosearch
itan ehtfor rofmethods
setaudargoftneteaching
iciforp the linguistic dimension and
more by external factors as far as the cultural dimension or cultural awareness is
concerned. When Byram and Risager (1999) refer to cultural dimension, three related
aspects of foreign language teaching and learning are referred. First of all, there is that
aspect of communicative competence ianitiNtikuS.whichrD enables a foreign-speaker of a language to
understand
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alacan
the ways in which a language gnabemaused
jaR fointnspecific
ediserPsocio cultural contexts
and can refer to the cultural knowledge and pre-suppositions of specific groups of
native-speakers. Second, there is the ability of a foreign-speaker to reflect upon his/her
own culture, how it appears to outsiders, and how a relationship can be established
between it and the cultures of others in order to facilitate communication, despite
different cultural perspectives. Third, there is the ability of the teacher of foreign
languages to mediate between learners’ cultures and others, to help learners to acquire
their own capacity for mediation, and to stimulate learners’ interest in other cultures in
general, irrespective of the link with a specific language.
The study the ongoing study that
I conducted was a classroom action research. A study which is conducted in
a classroom to increase the quality of listening and speaking teaching and learning
practices. According to Burns (1999), the major focus of action research is on concrete
and practical issues of immediate concern to particular social groups or communities. It
is conducted in naturally occurring settings, primarily using methods common to
qualitative research such as observing and recording events and behaviors. It can also be
defined as an action that is done to solve an identify problems in the classroom.
Study Questions
The main study question that guides this was: How can English songs be
used as a tool to foster listening skills as well as to engage students in cultural
knowledge?
February
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& Cultures in
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Participants of study
This project was carried out at a well-known language center in Thailand.
The specific setting for thisMessage
researchfrom
studythe
wasPresident
the regular of English Elementary classes,
taught, mostUniversity
which I directlyRajamangala of the time. of Technology
These groups Krungthep
range between 8 and 20
students. All the students need to take 30 English courses during their programs.
Procedures for data collection
university inneeded
In order to collect the information Asia. toThe university
answer has accordingly
my research question; I
considered the pertinence of using a questionnaire, classroom observations, students’ personnel and
documents and a semi-structured academic
interview. curriculums
First, I applied thata align to international
questionnaire to know
listening students’ background as wellstandards.
as theirWe have Secondly,
interests. also promoted the students’
I collected research
documents and based on the six classesdevelopment, the academic
and observed ic services ofwith
the performance creative
the students
concepts,
during the lessons. Finally, I developed and the session
a feedback preservation of arts
in order and culture.
to analyze students’
final reflections about the whole success of Under
the study.thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
2. Conclusion and innovation to foster national development,
As a result of the information collected,
prepared it is possible
to develop to say that
the creative songs areand
educational the
most valuable type of authentic material to systems
learning develop and listening comprehension
to equip students with in the
the ESL
use
classroom. This is evident that students feel motivated
of innovative when working
technologies with this
of knowledge. We kind of
have
material; furthermore, learners ‘ages and social
placed contexts
importance really fit withaccomplished
oncultivating the kind of music
and
we can personally select to workproficient
with in class. I also found
graduatesfor that the development.
the national use of songs in the
devel
classroom motivates the student’s wants to attend lessons and pay attention more in
class. Songs are culturally produced and share values, commitment, responsibility, love,
history, traditions, customs, and specific characteristics of spoken language.
Understanding the language and culture students are learning through songs is much
more attractive for them. Songs are also easily available;
President of Rajamangala Universityof songs present newKrungthep
of Technology vocabulary
and expressions in context. Through songs students become familiar with the
pronunciation of native speakers, and they also provide topics for discussion. Most
students enjoy listening and analyzing songs because of the fact that music is
everywhere.
3. Reference
[1] Ross, J. (2006). ESL Listening Comprehension: Practical Guidelines for

Teachers. The Internet TESL Journal.
[2] Hornby, A. S. (1990). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current
English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[4] Saricoban, A. (December 1999). The Teaching of Listening. The Internet
TESL Journal. Available at:[http://iteslj.org/Articles/Saricoban-
Listening.html]
[5] Underwood, M. (1990). Teaching listening. London: Longman.
[6] Van Duzer, C. (1997). Improving ESL learners’ listening skill: At the
workplace and beyond. Available at: [http://www.cal.org/caela/esl_
resources /digests/LISTENQA.html]
[7] Van Ek, J. (1986). Objectives for Foreign Language Learning (Vol I.).
Estrasburgo : Council of Europe.
3001dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNof
The Selection UR K YGOLON
Information HCET FO
Resources forYTemple
TISREVTour INU Guiding
ALAGNA ofMAJAR
Tourism
Students of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
pehtgnurK yPotjanee fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
golonhceTSakdachakul
Thammarat Sanyawuth
ylgnidroTourism
cca sah program
ytisrevinuofeLiberal
hT .aisAArts ni yattisRajamangala
revinu University of Technology
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le ve d e h t n o de s
Krugthep (RMUTK) provides student majoring in tourism program with a courseuc of
lanoitanreof
principles tni tourist
ot ngiguides.
la taht The smulstudents
ucirruc cstudy imedahistory
ca of the tourist guide, basic
hcraeser of
elements ehttourist
detomoguide rp oslincluding
a evah eW .sdradnats roles, ethic, personalities and
requirements,
evitaerc In
manners. htiwaddition,
secivresoverviewcimedacaofehdutiest ,tnemand polevresponsibilities
ed such as describing
.erutlucofdarrival
procedures na stra andfo nodeparture,
itavreserptourist
eht dnattractions
a ,stpecnocis taught in the course. One of the
dnaliaof
topics hTthe fo course
noisiv roles’tneof mntourist
revogeguide
ht rednwas U investigated in this article. The topic is
,ytivitainto
divided erc ,y4groles
olonhascefollows:
t fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
,tnempolev1.edTeachers lanoitan(describing
retsof otoverall
noitavbackground
onni dna such as geography, history, art
and
yltnculture)
erruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
dna lanoit2. acPsychologists
ude evitaerc (knowing eht polevwhat ed ottourists
derapewant)
rp
esu eht hti3. w Actors
stnedu(making
ts piuqe tour ot dnguiding
a smetsvivid)
ys gninrael
evah eW .4. egDiplomat
delwonk (describing
fo seigolonhtheir cet eownvitavlocal
onniand fo national background)
dna dehOne silpm ofocthe
ca keys
gnitavtoitluacgood
no ectourist
natropmguidei decaislptourist guides must be aware of
tourist .attractions
tnempoleveincluding
d lanoitantheir eht rhistory,
ofsetaudgeography,
arg tneicifoculture
rp and traditions and should
be an active learner.
After teaching the topic, the tourism students were found they have problems
when representing information, in particular about temples. Problems are as follows:
1. Informationiproblem anitiNtikuS.rD
2. Speech problem
They may lead to other problems when the students study some advanced
courses concerning the role of tourist guide in the future. This article, therefore, aims to
enable tourism students to search for information thoroughly and select the appropriate,
precise and reliable information for presentation. Additionally, it helps students to be
the hands-on graduates. The first step is as follows:
Preparation before searching for information
1. Students should know what they need to search for and have some
information about their presentation such as key words (Wat Pho, ballast, Pra
Niruntarai), author (H.S.H.ProfessorSubhadradis Diskul) and topic (history of early
RattanaKosin period)
2. Students should know Information resources or search tools such as
library, the Internet, etc.
3. Students should know how to use information resources, database or
search tools such as basic search and advanced search.
4. Students should be aware of laws, regulations and appropriateness when
using database or search tools such as piracy.
Information resources are defined as a base for information and access for
people searching for data
Information resources are divided into 4 types as follows:
1. People such as experts, specialists
2. Institutes such as library, information center
February
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& Cultures in
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RAJAMANGALA
3. Places suchUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
as temples, ancient remains, monuments,KRUNGTHEP historical park,
museums and miniature attraction
4. Internet suchMessage
as searchfrom the President
engine of Yahoo, Baidu, etc. – The
like Google,
search engine gathers a varietyUniversity
Rajamangala of websites.ofPutTechnology
some key Krungthep
words and click ‘search’ and
every website involving the words appear on the screen.
Techniques for information
 retrieval RMUTKmeansaims to be
methods useda for
creative technology
composing words
in order to find the most appropriateuniversity in Asia. There
information. The university has accordingly
are two techniques: basic
search and advanced search. focused on the development of our personnel and
1. Basic search – Thisacademic
method is curriculums that align to international
simple and straightforward. Students can
find information by author’s name, standards. We(words
topic, title have oralsophrases
of books, articles,
research or dissertation) or keywordsdevelopment,
(concise andthe academic
precise). ic services with creative
2. Advanced search – concepts,
This one isandmore
the preservation
complicated of artsthe
than andbasic
culture.
search.
This search makes specific information and Under thegovernment’s
meets people’s needs. vision of Thailand
Information retrieval with4.0 that emphasizes
Boolean the usewith
logic or retrieval of technology, creativity,
operator (using And,
Or, Not) and innovation to foster national development,
- AND is used for connecting
prosperity words. It specifies information
and sustainability, we are well. For
currently
example if we want to find information
prepared about temple which
to develop is an ancient
the creative remain,and
educational we
can search by the words “temple and ancientsystems
learning remain”and to equip students with the use
- OR is used for connecting words and
of innovative extendingoftheknowledge.
technologies extent. ForWe example
have
the words “cosmology or Mt. Sumeru” means we want
placed importance to find cosmology
oncultivating accomplished and and
Mt.
Sumeru. proficient graduatesfor the national development.
devel
- NOT is used for connecting words to specify information. For example the
words “temple and royal temple NOT Priest's Camp Site” means we want information
of temple and royal temple only.
1. Selection of information resources
The following principles are useful for selection of information resources.

1. Contents must be connected with the information as required. If we
want the specific information of fine arts or cosmology, we should select the references,
textbooks, academic journals which the experts create.
2. Resources should be reliable by considering the authors’ reputation,
experience or qualification and publishers.
3. The published resources are more convenient to use as information
than other resources because output devices are not needed.
4. Resources should have current information. Information from the
Internet is the current events because it’s easy to update online.
2. The art of speech
Tourist guides at temples need to have an academic speaking skill. The roles of
psychologists and actors focus on a descriptive presentation, accurate and reliable
contents. Those of teachers and diplomats emphasize on academic contents.
A good speaker should …
1. prepare the information involved with a topic in case to answer an
audience’s questions;
2. not read information in front of an audience while describing;
3. notice the audience’s response and make friends with them;
3021dnalFebruary
Thailand
P4.
EH notTG NURthe
show KY GOLONfacial
negatively HCETorFverbalO YTIexpressions;
SREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
5. select the appropriate time, place and topic;
6. have credible personalityfo tnedand iserP eht an
make moeyerf econtact
gasseMwith an audience;
7. have anpappropriate
ehtgnurK ycoherence
golonhceT o ytdescribed
infthe isrevinU topics;
alagnamajaR
8. use accurate and appropriate words while presenting the topics.
ygolonhAcegoodt evipresentation
taerc a eb ooft tourist
smia K TUMR
guides should… 
ylgnidrocc1. a consist
sah ytisofrevanininteresting,
u ehT .aisAproductive
ni ytisrevandinuentertaining contents;
dna lennos2.rebe p rcoherent
uo fo tnconsistent
empolevedand ehsmooth;
t no desucof
lanoitanret3. ni take
ot time
ngilaappropriately
taht smulucand irrumeet
c cim anedaudience’s
aca needs;
hcraeser e4.htbedeasyetomtoorpunderstand;
osla evah eW .sdradnats
evitaerc h5. tiwbesdescribed
ecivres ciby methe
dacaccurate
a eht ,tnand empappropriate
oleved words;
.erutluc6.dmake
na straaudience
fo noitavtakeresepart
rp ehint dthe
na described
,stpecnoc story
3.,ytTechniques
ivitaerc ,ygoof lonTemple
hcet fo eToursu ehGuiding
t sezisahpme taht 0.4
yltnerruTemple
c era isewa kind ,ytilof
ibathe
niatmanufactured
sus dna ytirattractions.
epsorp The temple, which is also an
ancient
dna laremain,
noitacudshows
e evitaus erctheehremains
t poleveofd the ot civilization,
deraperp belief and crafts of people at
that
esutime.
eht hConsequently,
tiw stneduts pthe iuqeone ot who
dna represents
smetsys gnall inrof
aelthem to tourists is tourist guide.
4.dnSteps
a dehin silpreparing
pmocca gnaitapresentation
vitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
1. Categorize the topics as a unit such as history of establishment, Plan and
concept of establishment, Characteristics of architecture, sculpture, etc. after
information retrieval. Then, rearrange the contents so that it’s simpler to give a
presentation. ianitiNtikuS.rD
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevininvolving
2. Search for information U alagnamtopics.ajaR foFortnedexample,
iserP history of creator
involves the topics three worlds and Mt. Sumeru, characters of fine arts, the history of
Buddhism, important events.
3. Comprehend the plan and concept of establishment by visiting the sites or
searching Google Earth. The websites on the Internet also provide us with other
information such as office hours, entrance and exit and routes.
4. Find more information about what we describe because sometimes the
objects or architecture are restored and their appearances may not be similar to what we
read from the textbooks or on the Internet.
5. Understand the taste of art, concept of belief, characters of art in each period
such as Chinese art in King Rama III period and unique character of Buddha images in
King Rama IV period.
6. Share information with classmates and discuss with them to prevent the
errors before presenting.
7. Practise giving a presentation to friends or family to make our speaking skill
better.
5. Techniques of Tour Guiding
1. Make sure the tourists know regulations in religious areas such as dress and
behave properly, keep silence or no photo.
2. Convince the tourists to be interested in religious areas.
February
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Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
3. Make sure the UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
tourist can distinguish between legend,KRUNGTHEP
tale or myth and
history which is supported by the archaeological evidences.
Message
4. Remember the actual datefrom the President
of historical of invert B.E. into C.E.
events and
phrase A touristUniversity
The Rajamangala guide is not of the
Technology
one who canKrungthep
speak but he/ she must be
able tospeak well is consistent to Thinnawat Maruekpitak’s saying everyone can say but
some of them can do it well. As a teacherRMUTK aims atotourist
and diplomat, be aguide
creative
needstechnology
to use the
accurate and reliable information university
by means in of Asia. The university
information has step-by-step
retrieval and accordingly
presentation. A good tourist guidefocused
should on the development
understand their ownofcontents
our personnel and
well before
academic
giving a presentation like the Albert Einstein’s curriculums
saying you that
can’talign to itinternational
explain simply, you
don’t understand it well enough. standards. We have also promoted the research
6. References concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
4.0 that emphasizes
[1] Jiratassanakul, S. (2011).On Buddhist artthe and
use of technology,
architecture of creativity,
places of
worship in Thailand.andBangkok: Museum
innovation to Press.
[2] Silpakorn University. (1998). Tourist
prosperity and Guide.Bangkok:
sustainability, we Silpakorn
are currently
University Publishing.
[3] Somprajob, P. (2014). Information
learning systems Retrieval. Bangkok:
and to equip Triple
students Group
with the use
Co.Ltd. of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
[4] Suwanpimon, K. (2013). placedPrinciples
importanceof Tourist Guide. Bangkok:
Saengdao. proficient graduatesfor the national development.
devel
[5] Taweepornpathomkul, S. (2013). Tour Leader. Bangkok: Chula Press.
3041dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNURK YGOManual
Developing LONHCfor
ETCross-cultural
FO YTISREVExperiential
INU ALAGNAMAJAR
fo tKittiwan
nediserP eSinthunava
ht morf egasseM
Officepof
ehGraduate
tgnurK ySchool
golonhcateT fo ytisrevinRajabhat
Phranakhon U alagnaUniversity
majaR
9 Chaeng Wattana Road, Bangkhen, Bangkok, Thailand 10220
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot sm ia KTUMR
kittiwan@pnru.ac.th 
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempoleSathaporn ved eht noPokpong
desucof
lanoitanretnOffice
i ot nofgiGraduate
la taht sSchool
muluciratruPhranakhon
c cimedaca Rajabhat University
hcraeser eh9t Chaeng
detomoWattana
rp osla Road,
evah Bangkhen,
eW .sdradBangkok,
nats Thailand 10220
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedacpokpong@pnru.ac.th
a eht ,tnempoleved
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht Abstract rednU
,tnempoThe
levedCIPPlanoModel
itan reistsoaf comprehensive
ot noitavonniframework
dna for guiding formative and
summative
yltnerruc valuations
era ew ,yoftildeveloping
ibaniatsus manual
dna ytiforrepscross-cultural
orp experiential programs
between
dna lanPhranakhon
oitacude eviRajabhat
taerc ehtUniversity
poleved o(PNRU)
t derapeand
rp the University of Missouri, St.-
Louis
esu e(UMSL).
ht htiw stnThe
edutmodel’s
s piuqe core
ot dnconcepts
a smetsysare gnidenoted
nrael by the acronym CIPP, which
stands
evah efor
W .evaluations
egdelwonk fof o san
eigentity’s
olonhcetcontext,
evitavoninputs,
ni fo processes, and products. The
research
dna dehpresented
silpmoccaingthis
nitavpaper
itlucnemerged
o ecnatrofrom
pmi thedecaneed
lp to prepare academic staff and
student.texchange
nempoleveprograms
d lanoitanfor ehtinternational
rofsetaudarg collaboration
tneiciforp with overseas universities.
The aims of this study were to describe a manual for the holistically skills of
international students’ understanding which based on the diversity and multicultural
learning between PNRU and UMSL and identify the 21st century skills influencing
academic staff and students ianitiNwhen
tikuS.rDengaging
 in cross-cultural environment for
sustainable
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnadopts
development in real practice. This study ediserPa qualitative research
paradigm. Data were collected through 20 academic staff and exchange students’in-
depth interviews, observation forms throughout the exchange programs both at PNRU
and at UMSL campus, and students’ reflective focus groups. This research was
undertaken between February 2016 and September 2017. Regarding the issue of
developing the manual for teaching and training in multiculturalism within international
exchange programs, the finding reveals that the three steps of Lewin’s Field Theory is
suitable for developing the manual of cross-cultural experiential workshop training. The
unfreezing, moving and refreezing steps can be implemented during the training
workshop for students exchange processes. Concerning students’ learning and
developing significant 21st century skills throughout the cross-cultural exchange
programs, the findings indicated that the experience of living in a different country
provides numerous opportunities for multicultural learning and sustainable professional
development. This study suggests that although the academic staff and students might
have a personal interest and motivation to engage in cross-cultural exchange programs
and for 21st century professional skills development, factor such as the lack of English
proficiency skills and resources, and lack of deep understanding of cross-cultural
trainers, or project managers’ block their engagement in international exchange
programs for professional development.
Keywords: cross-cultural, CIPP model, 21st century skills, PNRU, UMSL
February
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& Cultures in
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1. Introduction
Phranakhon RajabhatUniversity
Rajamangala Universityof(PNRU)
Technology has Krungthep
increased the activities of
exchange programs with the overseas university for more than 20 years. Especially, at a
Post-graduated level, with the University
 RMUTK
of Missouri aimsSt. to be a creative
Louis(UMSL) technology
developing the
university
exchange staff and students’ programs with PNRUin Asia. The2009.
since university
Duringhas accordingly
these exchange
focused
programs our staff and students have been on the development
located both at PNRU of campus
our personnel and
in Thailand
and at UMSL campus in the USA. academic curriculumsofthat
The new environment align
higher to international
education around the
standards.
world has required the understanding on the We issuehave also promotedand
of multiculturalism theknowledge
research
development,
transfer between overseas universities the academic ic services with
and local universities.Consequently, new creative
cultural
information and understanding isconcepts, and the
continuously preservation
flowing of arts and
and adding into culture.
the world
without final analysis (Bennis, 2012). Higher Under thegovernment’s
education atPNRU has vision
beenof driven
Thailandby
4.0 that emphasizes
globalization and technological revolution (O’ Connell, the2014).
use of Local
communitiesand
workplaces around Thailand have and expected more from
innovation to the PNRU
foster to address
national the needs
development,
of their members, preparing them for the changing
prosperity and World.
Global knowledge and understanding
prepared to develop the cultural
the differences have play and
creative educational the
important roles for the workplaces and become
learning systemsmore and tointerrelated and unpredictable
equip students with the use
(Drath et al., 2008; Martin, 2007; Uhl-Bien,
of innovative Marion, & McKelvey,
technologies 2007). ThisWe
of knowledge. research
have
focuses on the success of developing a manual
placed importancefor cross-cultural
oncultivatingexperiential
accomplished program
and
between PNRU and UMSL. It is important
proficient to enable exchange
graduatesfor the national students
devel to access the
development.
inside information of cultural differences and be supported by the executive
administrators and project’s supervisorsto provide all the explanations on cross-cultural
experiential skills (Condon & Yousef, 1975).
Understanding the cross-cultural differences of exchange students from PNRU
and UMSLand developing the manual for successful
President of Rajamangala Universityofexchange program by adopting
CIPP model of Daniel L. Stufflebeam (2000; 2003)have been the main focus of this
study. Although, there are some differences in the cross-cultural training programs in
Higher Education between Thailand and other countries, overall, the impacts of change
on cross cultural training programs are nearly the same (Chan, 2010; Davies &
Danahher, 2014; Foley & Kaiser, 2013; Kasworm, 2012; Wahlgren & Geiger, 2011).
Learning from the PNRU and UMSL students exchange programs’ experience will
provide examples of practices appropriate for other universities.
2. Research Aims
The objective of the research is to present the manual for a cross-cultural

experiential exchange program, with the exchange of UMSL and PNRU students as the
beginning point for further exchange students’ programs around Rajabhat Universities
in Thailand. The successful growth of international students’ and academic staff
exchange at PNRU over the last decade is the major theme of this study. The framework
is proposed as a guideline for developing a manual of cross-cultural experiential
exchange for both staff and students who are working at the 21stcentury universities.
The need for people who work in the 21stcentury organizations, following the concept
of O’Connell (2014) is “strewn with strategic discontinuity, disequilibrium, blurring of
boundaries, shifting competition, and the need for reinvention, innovation and
knowledge sharing” (p.184). It is obvious that human capital development is the most
valuable factors for the successful of the country. According to Nye (2007, p. 112), “the
3061dnalFebruary
Thailand
study ofPmulticulturalism
EHTGNURK Y–Gin OLcontrast
ONHCto ETany FOparticular
YTISREideology
VINU AL orApublic
GNAM AJAR of
discourse
multiculturalism- is an attempt to understand and analyze various contexts and
experiences of diversity”. Itfo is tneobvious
diserP ehthat t moduring
rf egasstheir
eM international exchange
programs, academic pehstaff
tgnurand K ygstudents
olonhceare ytisrevintoU anew
T foexposed lagnenvironmental
amajaR contexts
which includes traditions and beliefs. Leading them to new experiences and knowledge
ygolo&
(Nada nhAraujo,
cet evit2017).
aerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 
ylgnidroUniversities
cca sah ytisare reviaccepting
nu ehT .aand isA nstrengthening
i ytisrevinu by the quality of teaching and
dna lennasosacademic
learning, rep ruo fostafftneand
mpostudents
leved ehwillt no be dethe
sucomost
f important key success factors
inlaorder
noitanfor
retnthe
i ohigh
t ngiquality
la taht ofsm ulucirruc tociachieve
university medaca success. It is important that any
hcraeser that
programs eht will
detom beorpbeneficial
osla evato h the
eW university
.sdradnats such as the exchange student’s
evitaerc between
programs htiw secPNRU
ivres ciand medUMSL
aca ehtis,tnnot emgenerally
poleved addressed from a textbook for
.erutluc dnperspective
cross-cultural a stra fo noibut tavreaccording
serp eht dnto a ,sthe
tpecdifficulties
noc that academic staff and
dnaliahT
students fo noisiin
encounter v sboth
’tnem hostnrevcountries.
ogeht redAvoiding
nU to be a typical manual for exchange
,ytivitaercthrough
programs ,ygolonahcsurvey
et fo esresearch
u eht seziorsahap“problem
me taht 0.4framework” (Halic, Greenberg &
Paulus,
,tnemp2009).
oleved Thelanoaim
itanof rthis
etsofpaperot isnoto
itadescribe
vonni dnwhat a would be a beneficial manual
for
yltimproving
nerruc eratheeholistic
w ,ytiliskill
baniaof tsuinternational
s dna ytirestudents’
psorp understanding which is based
ondnthe
a ldiversity
anoitacudande emulticultural
vitaerc eht plearningoleved between
ot derapPNRUerp and UMSL.
esu eht However,
htiw stnedtheutsimportance
piuqe ot dnofa international
smetsys gninexchange
rael programs and the skills for
st
staff
evahand eWstudents
.egdelwinonthe
k f21o secentury
igolonharecet essential.
evitavonnHitt,i fo Keats, and DeMarie (1998) said
st
that
dnapeople
dehsilpwho
mocwant
ca gnto itavsurvive
itlucno inecthe
natro21 pmcentury
i decalporganizations, must invest in the
development
.tnempof oleknowledge,
ved lanoitanskills,eht rofhuman
setaudacapital
rg tneicand
iforpmake sure that their strategic is
flexible for the environmental change and cultural diversity. Moreover, Ali (2012, p.
55) said, “…the survival of today’s universities depends on how they accept changes,
how they can improve their practices and how they can increase their competitiveness.”
When the world is so small, ianitiN we tikhave
uS.rDbeen
 connected with the high-speed Internet
system
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamproject
and millions of online multi-literacies ajaR fototnefacilitate
diserP the learners (Ali, et
al,2017). It is important that the university’s executive administrators understand the
impacts of these environmental changes and develop appropriate strategies to assist
their students and staff cope with the new environments (Kemmis, Heikkinen, Fransson,
Aspfors & Edwards-Groves, 2014).
This study aims to reflect upon the experiences of academic staff and students
exchange between Phranakhon Rajabhat University(PNRU) and the University of
Missouri St. Louis (UMSL) since 2009. A qualitative approach allows us to explore
questions of multicultural experience(Patton, 2002), examine the university’s policies,
strategic practices and processes, understand the barriers to and facilitators of exchange
program between PNRU and UMSL, discover the reasons for the success (or failure) of
human resources development (Starks and Trinidad, 2007) and observe academic staff
and students behavior to obtain the desired results.
The research was conducted with participants both at PNRU and UMSL following
Ethics and institutional approvals. Invitations to participate in the research were sent via
email to 20 members of former exchange academic staff and students from PNRU
andUMSL, selected on the basis of their academic experiences and/or positions that are
relevant to cross-cultural experience programs and participants who had involved in
international conference postgraduate research between PNRU and UMSL during 2010
to 2017. The invitations introduced the researcher and provided information about
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
307
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
participant identification UNIVERSITY
and recruitment.OF TECHNOLOGY
Copies of the research KRUNGTHEP
research questions and the
participation consent form were provided.
All invited academic Message from
staff andthestudents
President of
expressed their willingness to
participate in theRajamangala University
interviews. While of Technology
scheduling Krungthep
for the interviews of 20 participants,
documents and exchange international
international students’ criteria policies of both universities
were analyzed andthe behavior observation
 RMUTK
of bothaims to be a staffand
the academic creative students
technology
had
been conducted through the “Thai university
doctoralinexchange
program hasUniversity
at the accordinglyof
Missouri, St. Louis, USA from April 25 – May 4, 2017.”At the conclusion of the of our personnel and
interviews (which were recorded academicwith consent),curriculums that align
the researcher to international
was satisfied with the
consistency of the data and no further standards.
interviewsWeor have also analysis
document promoted werethe research
required.
4. Results concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
Findings indicated that the 4.0 that
manualemphasizes thecultural
use of technology,
for cross-cultural experiential creativity,
programs
have enchanted perspective, positively and initiated
innovationand facilitate
to fosterexchanging
national academic staff
development,
and students’ knowledge processesprosperity
by transformingand the learnings of we
sustainability, existing
are knowledge
currently
and skills, so to meet the needed 21st century
need prepared learning the
to develop skills(Fitzpatrick, Sanders,and
creative educational &
Worthen, 2011). As this CIPP learning Model ofsystemsDanieland L. toStufflebeam(2000;
equip students with 2003) has
the use
emphasized on four evaluation ofprocesses, innovativethat are context
technologies evaluation: We
of knowledge. C, input
have
evaluation: I, process evaluation:placed P, andimportance
product evaluation:
product oncultivatingP, the strength of and
accomplished this
evaluation is evident that the different
proficientstages of the cross-cultural
graduatesfor cross
thecultural
nationalexperiential
devel
development. program
that exchanging academic staff and students undergo and collaboratively participated.
Following the technique of the CIPP model, model, the findings of this paper will focus on how
each stage in the cross-cultural
cultural experiential programs has provided meaningful learning
experiences for learners.Hence, further facilitating and supporting their awareness and
abilities in the effort toPresident
ge
generate multi-literate
literate graduatesto
of Rajamangala Universityof meet of the 21st
the demandKrungthep
of Technology
century knowledge and skills.
•Context
Context •Input
Evaluation Evaluation
Goals Plans
Outcomes Actions
•Product
Product •Process
Evaluation Evaluation
Figure 1 : CIPP Model for developing the manual of cross-cultural

cross cultural experiential
The use of the evaluation model of CIPP, see figure 1, to develop the manual
for cross-cultural
cultural experiential can be explained as follows;
3081dnalFebruary
Thailand
PFirstly,
EHTGN URcontext
the K YGOevaluation:
LONHCET“C” FOisYT ISREVon
focused INU theAL AGNAof
“goals” MAthe
JAcross-
R
cultural experiential programs. Before the universities provide any intercultural training
programs for academic staff and fo tnstudents
ediserPwho eht m orfparticipate
will egasseM in the exchange program
at UMSL or at any pehtother
gnurKoverseas ceT fo ytisrethe
ygolonhuniversities, vinUcontext
alagnam ajaR
environment that are
necessary for achieving the goals of the program have to be evaluated. There are the
ygolonhceof
objectives t ethe
vitaexchange
erc a eb programsot smia that KTUboth MR universities  need to meet with and the
ylgnidroccaof sahtheytisenvironmental
suitability revinu ehT .aisduring A ni ytithe srevinprocess
u of intercultural training
d n a le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le ve d e h t n o de s uc of
programs.The interview from the academic staff who had taken the roles of the head of
lantraining
the oitanretnprograms
i ot ngifrom la tabothht sm ulucirruc csaid
universities imethat
dacait is important for the universities
tohcprovide
raeser eenough
ht detoinformation
morp osla on evatheh eobjectives
W .sdradand nats goals of the exchange programs.
evitaerc hstaff
Academic tiw who
secivtook
res ccare imedof acatheehprogram
t ,tnempwouldoleved organized the important skill for
exchange.erutlustudents
c dna standra fopreparing
noitavresdocuments
erp eht dna onthe,stpecnissues
oc of cultural differencesbetween
dnatwo
the liahcountries
T fo noisfor iv sstudents
’tnemnrewho vogeare ht rparticipating
ednU at the training programs. As Ali et
al,,yt(2017)
ivitaercfound,
,ygolothenhcnecessary
et fo esu eskillsht sezof hpstmcentury
isa21 e taht 0education
.4 requires the combination
of,tnrelevant
empolevcontent,
ed lanoiskills
tan reand tsofinstructional
ot noitavonsupportni dnato enhance learning to arrive at
cultural
yltnerrudiversity
c era experience.
ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
dna lanSecondly,
oitacude ethe vitaeinput
rc ehtevaluation:
poleved ot“I” deris
apethe
rp process for investigating the
feasibility
esu eht hof tiwthestnexchange
eduts piuqprograme ot dna or smthe
etsyfeasibility
s gninrael of the plan during the exchange
program,
evah eWespecially,in
.egdelwonkterms fo seof igoresources
lonhcet eallocation
vitavonni in fo order to achieve the goals. When
discussing
dna dehsithis lpmotopics
cca gnwith itavitlthe
ucnoacademic
ecnatropstaffmi dewhocalp are looking after this exchange
program, .tnethey
mpoall levagreed
ed lanothat itan ethis
ht roisfsbecoming
etaudarg tnaebigger
iciforp concern from both universities
every year. As the budgeting for running the exchange program has been cut, the
funding now allocated is mostly not enough to cover all the expenses. Since 2015, the
exchange program between PNRU and UMSL has had to run under the budget.Students
and academic staff who want ianittoiNparticipate
tikuS.rD in this exchange program have to contribute
somepehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinUthe
money to cover the cost that alauniversities
gnamajaR fodotnenot diseprovide.
rP The solution to
managing this problem is to write an effective plan and get full funding supporting from
the university. The benefit that both universities will receive through this international
exchange programs should be considering and shown to the university executive
administrators as a strong evidence.
Thirdly, the process evaluation: “P” is the actions of the international exchange
program itself. As both universities have a good plan and sufficiency through adequate
budgeting support, it is not successful if they do not have academic staff and students to
implement their plans into action. Academic staff who participate in this program as the
leader of the group when they are visiting the overseas universities is the key factors for
this process evaluation. Moreover, it is necessary that the academic staff have enough
experience from travelling overseas and the knowledge on multiculturalism including
English proficiency skill. This is because during the exchange program, the academic
staff member is the only person who will take care of, and support students who are
attending the program. Any requests for help from the exchange students, such as a
sudden illness or an accident during the trip, a food allergy or customs regulations at the
airports, should be capably solve first-handby the academic staff who are leading the
group.
Finally, the product evaluation: “P” represents the cross-cultural experiences
that transfer knowledge from both countries and sharing will increase the
meaningfulness of their careers and professional development. The last stage of CIPP
focuses on the outcomes of the exchange programs. The finding from this study found
that in the product evaluation of Stufflebeam (2003)the university has set up the
309
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University ofonTechnology
Arts & Cultures Economy15
Suvarnabhumi,
Thailand
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi,
outcomes
RAJAMANGALA
outcomes of
of the
the projects,
projects, individual
UNIVERSITY
individual academic
OF
academic
International staff
TECHNOLOGY
Conference
staff
on Arts &and
and student
student
Cultures who
KRUNGTHEP
in Creative
who are
are participants
Economy
participants in in
the exchange program had already set up their ou
outcomes.Then Thailand 307
the exchange program had already set up their outcomes.Then
outcomes.Then the project managers who
University oftcomes.Then
Technology Suvarnabhumi, the project managers who
are
are responsible
responsible to to run the
the exchange
run Message exchange fromprogram
the President
program have
have to of explore
to explore the the outcomes
outcomes of of each
each
stakeholder
outcomes of
stakeholder and the and
projects,make sure
make sure University
Rajamangala individual that every
that every of
academic participant
Technology
staff and
participant who
whoKrungthep
student whojoinedare this exchange
participants
joined this exchange program in program
the understands
exchange program
understands the
the limitations
had alreadyof
limitations ofsettheir expectation.
up their
their outcomes.Then
outcomes.Then
expectation. Misund
Misunderstanding
Misund theerstanding
Misunderstanding project managers
erstanding can
can happen who in
happen in case
case of
of
are lack of
responsible communication
to run the exchange and information
program RMUTK between
have to the
explore
aims university
the outcomes and oftheeachstakeholders.
lack of communication and information between the touniversity
be a creative and thetechnology
stakeholders.
stakeholder
Some and make sure that such every as participant who joined proficiency
this exchangeafter program
Some of
understands
ofthe the expectations,
thelimitations
expectations, of their
such as improving
university
expectation.
improvingMisund
English
in Asia.
English
Misunderstanding
Theproficiency
erstanding
university after
can happen
has
in
they
they
case of
have
have been
accordingly been
through the exchange program two
focused weeks,on increasing
the development conf
confident
identof in
our travelling
personnel the world
and
lackthrough
after one
the exchange
of communication
trip to USA,
program
andetc. information
Those
twobetween
weeks, the
unrealistic
increasing
university
outcomes
conf
confident
must and ident
be
in travelling the world
theexplained
stakeholders. to
after one trip to USA, etc. Those academic
unrealistic
Some of the expectations, such as improving English proficiency after they have curriculums
outcomes mustthat bealign
explained to the
been the students
to international students
before
before they
they make
make the
the decision
decision to
to join
standards.
join the
the exchange
We
exchangehave program.
also
program. The
promoted
The data
data thefrom
from students’
research
students’
through the exchange program two weeks, increasing confident confident in travelling the world
afterinterviews
one trip to said
interviews USA,that
said etc. they
that Thosehave
they have been
been disappointed
development,
unrealistic outcomes the
disappointed afte
after
mustacademic
afte
after rr joining
ic services
joining
be explained the
thetheexchange
to with creative
exchange
students programs
programs
because
because
before they make they
they the do
do not not
decision see
see any any
to join improvement
concepts,
improvement
the exchange on
andonthe their
their
program. English
preservation
English
The data listening
offrom skills
arts students’
listening and culture.
skills at
at all.
all. It
It is
is
dependent
interviews said on
that thetheylevel have
dependent on the level of each individual’s of each
been individual’s
disappointed Under English
afte
afterr joining
English background
thegovernment’s
background vision
the exchange and how
programs
and how fast
of fast
Thailandthey can
they can
adjust
because
adjustthey and
anddolearn not in
learn seethe
in theanynew
new environment.
improvement 4.0 that
environment. on emphasizes
their Englishthe listening
use ofskills at all. Itcreativity,
technology, is
dependent onDaniel the level
Daniel L.
L...ofStufflebeam
each individual’s
Stufflebeam and(2003)
(2003) said
said that
English
innovation the
background
that CIPP
the foster
to CIPP andmodelhow
model
national is
fast aa development,
is they good
goodcan evaluation
evaluation
process,
adjust and because
learn in the after
new the final
environment.
process, because after the final stage,which stage,which
prosperity and is called
is called product evaluation,
product evaluation,
sustainability, the
we arethe currentlyCIPP
CIPP model model
has Daniel L.. Stufflebeam (2003)for said that the CIPP model is a to good evaluation
has provided
provided the the information
information prepared for executive
executive to administrators
administrators
develop the to make
creative make the
the decision
educational decision and on
on
process,
whether because to after
continue the ue final
or stage,which
to stop theis called product
projects. In evaluation,
this study, the it CIPP
was model
found that the
has whether
provided to
international thecontinue ue or for
information
exchange
to stop
program executive the projects.
learning
between
systems and
administrators
PNRU
In this
and
to make
to study,the
equip
UMSL
itdecision
students
is
was with
the
found
moston the that
use the
important
international
whether to continue exchange program of between
innovative PNRU and
technologies
ue or to stop the projects. In this study, it was found that the UMSL of is
knowledge.the most We important
have
exchange
exchange exchange program
program program for
for providing
providing an
an in-depth
placed in
in depth
in-depth
depthand
importanceunderstanding
understanding
oncultivating of their
of most
their experiences
experiences
accomplished aboard.
aboard.
and
international between PNRU UMSL is the important
The
exchange
research
The research collaboration
program collaboration
for providing anbetween
bet
between
bet ween
inween
academic
depthacademic
proficient
in-depth graduatesfor
understanding
staff
staffofthefrom
from
their
PNRU
PNRU
national
experiences
and UMSL
UMSL has been
and aboard.
devel
development. has been
Thestrengthen
strengthen by
by the
research collaboration the relationshipbetween between
relationship
between academic both
between staff universities.
both universities.
from PNRU and The
TheUMSL learners
learners hasalsobeencommented
also commented
that
that their
strengthen theirby teamwork
teamwork
the relationship improved
improved between by participating
by both
participating
universities. in
in theTheexchange
the exchange
learners also programs.
programs.
commented Subsequently,
Subsequently,
thatin their
their journey
teamwork through
improved
in their journey through the exchange the
by exchang
exchange
exchange program between PNRU and UMSL, both
participating e program
in the between
exchange PNRU
programs. and UMSL,
Subsequently, both parties
partiesst
have
in their prepared
journey throughthe learners
the exchang
exchange with e the
program
have prepared the learners with the critical Dr.SukitNitinai critical skills
between needed
PNRU and for them
UMSL,
skills needed for them to function to
bothfunction
parties in
in the
the 21
21st
havecentury.
prepared Future
the
century. Future learning learning
learners with and
the workplace
critical
and workplace skills was
needed covered,
was covered,for them as to it directly
function
asofitTechnology in addressed
the
directly addressed 21 st
integral
integral
President of Rajamangala Universityof Krungthep
century. Future learning and workplace was covered,
aspects
aspects linked
linked to
to multiliterate
multiliterate graduates
graduates (Fariza,as2013).
(Fariza, it directly addressed integral
2013).
aspects linkedAtomanual multiliterate for graduates
three steps (Fariza,
of 2013).
A
A manual
manual for
for steps
three
threeof steps
cross
of cross-cultural
cross
cross experiential
cross-cultural
cross-cultural
experiential
experiential
The results from this study found that there is a
a three steps
stepsformodel for cross-cultural
cross
TheThe results
results
experiential, fromfrom this study
which
this study
are found
similar
found
thatto
thatisthere
there
the a three
concept
is steps
that
three
Kurt model
Lewin,
model
cross for cross-cultural
cross-cultural
originally
cross
introduced as
experiential, which are similar to the concept that Kurt Lewin, originally introduced introduced
experiential, which are similar to the concept that Kurt Lewin, originally as as
the ‘three steps model’ in 1947. Figure 2 below demonstrates the three steps model of
the the
‘three‘three
stepssteps model’ model’
in 1947. in 1947.
Figure Figure
2 below2 demonstrates
below demonstrates the three the stepsthreemodel steps
of model of
KurtKurt
Kurt
Lewin.Lewin.
Lewin.
unfreezing
unfreezing
unfreezing moving moving
moving refreezing refreezing
refreezing
Figure 2 : The
Figure 2 :three
The steps
threeofsteps
crossofcultural
cross-cultural experiential
cross cultural
cross-cultural workshop workshop
experiential
Figure 2 : The three steps of cross-cultural
cross cultural experiential workshop
The The
threethree
steps modelmodel
involves unfreezing, moving, moving,
and refreezing (Lewin, (Lewin,
1952). Initially, three steps
The Lewin’s steps
threemodel
involves
steps involves
model makes
unfreezing,
unfreezing, moving,
it appears
and refreezing
that and
crossrefreezing (Lewin,
cross-cultural
1952).
1952). Initially,
Initially, Lewin’s
Lewin’s three
three steps model
stepsHowever,
model at makes
makes it appears that cross
cross-cultural
experiential learning occurs in linear fashion. each ofit the
appears thatthere
three steps cross
cross-cultural
experiential
are experiential
an unquantifiable
learning
learning
number
occurs
occurs in linear fashion.
in linear fashion.
of combinations
However,
However,
of decisions
at each
at each
to be made,
of the
of the
which
three
three steps
produces steps there
there
are
the are an unquantifiable
an unquantifiable
chaotic
otic number of
number ofLewin
nature of understanding. combinations
combinations of
believed of decisions
thatdecisions to be made,
change istodifficult
be made, which
the produces
andwhich produces
samethe chaotic
otic
theapproach
chaotic nature
naturenotof
otic could understanding.
of be
understanding.
applied in every Lewin
Lewin believed that
that change
believed(Lewin,
organization 1947b).is
change difficult
difficult and
is Human and the
the
same
behave approach
sameourapproach
is complicatedcould
couldandnot be
notin be
orderapplied in every
to understand
applied in every organization
andorganization
change behavior (Lewin, 1947b).
1947b). Human
in the cross-
(Lewin, cross Human
behave
cultural
behave our
exts,is
contexts,
our complicated
is the and
and in
exchange program
complicated in order
needsto
order totounderstand and
and change
be destabilized,
understand behavior
or unfrozen,
change in
in the
before
behavior the cross-
cross
cross
cross-
the cultural
old behavecontexts,
exts,
our(s)
cultural contexts, the
can beexchange
discarded program
or unlearntneeds
and to
new be destabilized,
behaviors adopted
exts, the exchange program needs to be destabilized, or unfrozen, beforeor unfrozen,
(Burnes, before
2004).
the old behave our(s) can be discarded or unlearnt and new behaviors adopted (Burnes,
the old behave our(s) can be discarded or unlearnt and new behaviors adopted (Burnes,
2004).
2004).
3101dnalFebruary
Thailand
PThe
EHT‘unfreezing’
GNURK YG ofOthe
LOpresent
NHCET FO may
level YTISinvolve
REVINquite
U ALdifferent
AGNAM AJAR in
problems
different cases. For an academic staff and students exchange program, “to break open
the shell of complacency and fself-righteousness
o tnediserP eht mitois rf sometimes
egasseM necessary to bring about
an emotional stir up” peh(Lewin,
tgnurK1952 ygolo: n229).The
hceT fo key ytisrtoevunfreezing
inU alagna“was
majatoRsee that human
change, whether at the individual or group level, was a profound psychological dynamic
ygolonhc(Schein,
process” et evitae1996 rc a : e28).
b otFor smithea Kacademic
TUMR staff and  students exchange program
ylgniare
there drocthree
ca sahprocesses
ytisrevinthat u ehSchein
T .aisA(1996) ni ytiscomments
revinu that will support the cross-
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e d e h t n o d e s uc o f
cultural exchange program to achieve their goals. These include; the disconfirmation of
lanvalidity
the oitanretof ni the
ot status
ngila quo tahby
t svisiting
mulucirrand uc staying
cimedain ca the new country, the induction of
hcraor
guilt esesurvival
r eht danxiety
etomorpbyounderstanding
sla evah eWthe .sdnew
radnculture
a ts and adapt themselves to be a
evitof
part aercthathtinew civres cimedacsuch
w secircumstances, a ehtas,tnlearning
empolevnew ed language, and the creation of
.erutluc dnsafety
psychological a stra byfo ncommunicating
oitavreserp eht dwith na ,sothers
tpecnoand c working as a team to support
dnaliother.
each ahT foInternational
noisiv s’tnem nrevogewill
students ht renot
dnUchange if they think that change is not
,ytivitaercor,ywill
necessary golonot
nhcehavet fo eansu impact
eht seziupon
sahpmthem.e tahtThey 0.4 are likely to accept a change if
they
,tneare
mpoconvinced
leved lanthat oitantheyrehave
tsof no ot option
noitavbutonnto i accept
dna it (Burnes, 2004).
yltnerruLewin’s
c era eField w ,yTheory
tilibaniaproposes
tsus dna that ytirchange
epsorp occurs when supporting forces
outweigh
dna lanorestraining
itacude evforcesitaerc (Lewin,
eht pole1952).
ved oIt t diserthe
aperesponsibility
rp of the change agents,
inesthis
u ehtstudy
htiw thestnedproject
uts piumanagers
qe ot dna sand metstheys gacademic
ninrael staff who lead the exchange
programs,
evah eW to .eggenerate
delwonk supporting
fo seigolonforces hcet eandvitaveliminate
onni fo restraining forces (Ivancevich,
Konopaske,
dna dehsilp& moMatteson,
cca gnitav2008) itlucnobyecnusingatropm teaching
i decalpand learning workshopsto make
exchange .tnestudents
mpolevefeel d lansafe
oitanfromeht roloss
fsetaofudface
arg tnandeicihumiliation
forp (Burnes, 2004). Lewin
(1947a, p. 33) suggested that ‘the greater the social value of a group standard the greater
is the resistance of the individual group member to move away from this level’.
Especially, in Thai culture to maintain a good relationship between academic staff and
students is the most important ianiticoncern
NtikuS.rfor D a cross-cultural training workshop. The norm
of paegroup
htgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajalearning
plays a significant role in cross-cultural R fo tnedexperience.
iserP
Unfreezing can be divided into two distinct components. After the evaluating
CIPP model has been reflected upon, the current cross-cultural training workshop
structure there needs to be an attempt to remove resistance to fears of cross-cultural
experience. Additionally, there needs to be an attempt to create a situation whereby
exchange students are motivated to change their behaviors and assist in the process of
cross-cultural experiential reform (Lewin, 1952). In other words, unfreezing can be
generated by increasing driving forces, decreasing restraining forces and a combination
of the two (Robbins, Waters-Marsh, & Millett, 2004). Generally, when any individual is
forced to change their behaviour, they generate a resistance to change. The project
managers of the cross-cultural experiential training workshop have to unfreeze those
behaviours or the attitudes of exchange students who object or resist cross-cultural
training.
Driving forces are the processes used by project managers to train exchange
students’ behaviour. It is argued that these forces are likely to encourage exchange
students to try new cultures and to change their habits. When the project managers
increase the driving forces, individuals or groups use forces that hinder the cross-
cultural training processes. To overcome this pressure the project managers have to
decrease restraining forces.
The second step of Lewin’s model is called ‘moving.’ Unfreezing only creates
a feeling for the need to learn about the new culture or new language, but unfreezing
does not control or predict what might happen next (Schein, 1996). It is important to
unfreeze exchange students’ behaviour by making them feel dissatisfaction or
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
311
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
frustration UNIVERSITY
with their current OF TECHNOLOGY
state. After unfreezing it is necessaryKRUNGTHEP
for exchange students
to move to the new state. As Burke (1987 : 56)explained, “bringing about lasting
Message
change means initially unlocking from the President
or unfreezing the present ofsocial system”.However, the
Rajamangala
new learning about University
cross-cultural must occur of Technology
in the directionKrungthep
of desired outcomes, and
the project managers must remain focused to ensure that the new state of exchange in
students’ behavior remains relatively
 RMUTKIt is
permanent. aims
cleartothat
be motivation
a creativealonetechnology
cannot
lead to cross-cultural learning. Theuniversity
motivation in that
Asia. Thetheuniversity
links decision to hastake
accordingly
action by
the exchange students seems to have focused on the development
a ‘freezing’ of our personnel
effect to the cross-cultural and
learning
and understanding. academic curriculums that align to international
Lewin (1947b) concludedstandards. We have
that a successful also promoted
cross-cultural the research
experiential learning
development,
involves unfreezing the current situation, movingthe toacademic ic services
the new situation,with
andcreative
finally
concepts,
refreezing cross-cultural understanding andnew
to the the preservation
perspectives.ofThe arts refreezing
and culture.level
Lewin explained “is determined by a force field, Underpermanency
thegovernment’simpliesvision of new
that the Thailand
force
4.0 thatchange”
field is made relatively secure against emphasizes the use
(Lewin, of technology,
1947a : 35). If the creativity,
project
managers of the cross-cultural workshop training would
and innovation not refreeze
to foster national the development,
new behavior
and cultural understanding, there prosperity
is a tendency andthatsustainability,
their behaviorwe andareattitudes will
currently
change again. ‘Refreezing seeks preparedto stabilize the group
to develop theatcreative
a new educational
quasi stationaryand
equilibrium in order to ensure learning
that the systems
new behaviours
and to equip are students
relativelywithsafethefrom
use
regression’ (Burnes, 2004 : 986). of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
5. Conclusion and Discussion proficient graduatesfor the national development. devel
Regarding the data analyses from in-depth interviews with 20 academic staff
and students who were participants in this exchange program during 2010 to 2017,
which indicated that a manual for three steps ofDr.SukitNitinai
cross-cultural experiential is very useful
in order to prepare for President
the training workshop. Only few comments
of Rajamangala Universityof from the
of Technology academic
Krungthep
leaders who responsible for the exchange students training workshop suggested that the
unfreezing steps should require the proper academic staff or the project managers who
have enough knowledge in the multicultural field and fluent in English language. But
for most of our academic staff who are responsible for the exchange program, it
“remains more on the margins rather than considered central in the filed” (Cushner,
2008 : 8) of cross-cultural understanding and training exchange students.
The findings above suggest that in order to develop a manual of cross-cultural
experiential for Phranakhon Rajabhat University, the four evaluation processes of
Daniel L Stufflebeam (2003) and the Lewin’s Field Theory (Lewin, 1952) three steps
model are the most important conceptual framework of this study. It is clear that
international experience and multiculturalism knowledge have come to be one of the
most important programs of study for most university around the world (Cebrian, Grace
& Humphiris, 2015). Moreover, the 21st century skills of graduate employability issues
have been involved with the diversity of multicultural workplace and cultural
awareness. Apart from computer literacy skills and English proficiency skills, to prepare
students for the 21st century, universities have to provide more knowledge in the fields
of cross-cultural understanding and significant opportunities to learn from different
cultural environments.
3121dnalFebruary
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6. Suggestions
Furthermore, to engage fo tninedstudent

iserP eexchange
ht morf egprograms
asseM with other universities,
especially overseaspeuniversities,
htgnurK ygoitlois ceT fo ytisto
nhnecessary revdevelop
inU alaganclearer
amajaRrational for the
adoption of an exchange training program and conduct further empirical research on the
ygolonpractices
views, hcet evitaand erc visions
a eb oof t sm ia Kstudents
those TUMR who are  not involved in the student
ylgnidrocprograms.
exchange ca sah ytiCreating
srevinu eahTcross-cultural
.aisA ni ytisunderstanding
revinu learning process that can
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t n e m p o le v e d e h t n o d e s uc o
challenge existing worldviews in student exchange programs is needed. Building f
lanoitanretamongst
awareness ni ot ngacademic
ila taht sstaffmuluof cirrthe
uc need
cimedfor acaproviding 21st century skills for
hcraeser graduated
preparing eht detom orp osinto
students la ethe vahworkplaces
eW .sdradisnnecessary.
a ts
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February
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A Study on the Synthesis OF TECHNOLOGY
of Contextual Data of Samruen KRUNGTHEP
Sub-district
for Effective Spatial Research.
Jurarat Chaiphithak
Lecturer, Language Program, Liberal of Arts, Rajamangala University of
 Sub RMUTK
Technology Suvarnabhumi, Huntra aimsNakhon
District, Pra to beSri
a Ayutthaya
creative technology
District,
universityProvince,
Pra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya in Asia. Thailand
The university
13000. has accordingly
Juratoi5@gmail.com
Vassa Promsil
Lecturer, Language Program,development, the academic
Liberal of Arts, ic services
Rajamangala with of
University creative
Technology Suvarnabhumi, Huntraconcepts, and thePra
Sub District, preservation
Nakhon SriofAyutthaya
arts and culture.
District,
Pra Nakhon Sri AyutthayaUnder thegovernment’s
Province, Thailand 13000 vision of Thailand
Tharanee Nawatnathee
Lecturer, Language Program,prosperity
Liberal ofand
Arts,sustainability,
Rajamangala we are currently
University of
Technology Suvarnabhumi, Huntraprepared to develop
Sub District, the creative
Pra Nakhon educational
Sri Ayutthaya and
District,
learning systems
Pra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya andThailand
Province, to equip13000
Sukhum
placed Kongdit oncultivating accomplished and
importance
Lecturer, Language Program, Liberal
proficient of Arts, Rajamangala
graduatesfor University of
devel
Technology Suvarnabhumi, Huntra Sub District, Pra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya District,
Pra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya Province, Thailand 13000
Benjaporn Chuaphueng
Lecturer, Language
President of RajamangalaArts,
Program, Liberal of Rajamangala
Universityof University
of Technology of
Krungthep
Tharida Sakulrat
Boonsomying Polamuangdee
Abstract
This research aimed, to study, gather, analyze, and process contextual

information regarding the community in the Samruen sub district of Bang Pa In,
Ayutthaya. This information led the authors to an area based research method intended
for practical performance evaluation. This project included survey research, quality
research, and participatory action research (PAR). Forthe research methodology the
authors combined concepts and principles of eco-tourism and innovative, creative
tourism activities. A case study was conducted using a sample group of local historians,
3161dnalFebruary
Thailand
community P EH T GNURK
leaders, YGOLO
farmers, NHCET Fgroups,
occupation O YTISR EVINU ALresidents,
community AGNAMAconcerned
JAR
individuals from neighboring communities, local government officials, private sector
representatives, and 200 visitors fo tnedito serP theehtsub
mordistrict’s
f egasseMmushroom festival. The
information was analyzed pehtgnurusing K ygofrequency, ytisrevinUmean,
lonhceT fopercentage, alagnaand
majstandard
aR deviation
via a statistics program.
ygolonhcResults et evitaof ercthea research
ylgnidroccThe a sastudy,
h ytisrgather,
evinu eanalyze,
hT .aisAand niprocess
ytisrevicontextual
nu information regarding the
d n a l e n n o s re p r u o f o t n e m p o le v e d e h t n
community in the Samruen Sub-District, Bang Pa In District, Phra Nakhon Si o d e s uc o f
lanoitanretProvince,
Ayutthaya ni ot ngiallowed la taht the smulcommunity
ucirruc cimto edaparticipate
ca in knowledge exchange
hcraeser This
activities. eht allowed
detomorall p oconcerned
sla evah toeW meet .sdand
radncreate
ats a local context to the research
evitaerc the
through htiwusesecof s cimeactivities.
ivrethree daca eht ,These tnempothreeleved activities included exchanging
knowledge.erutlucwith dna sthe tra folocal
noitaarea
vreseviarp ehat dmethodology
na ,stpecnoc of local learning participation
dnaliahT the
(mapping fo ninside
oisiv s’and tnemoutside
nrevogehoft rethe dnUarea/routs of community history/lifestyle
, y t i v i ta erc ,y g o l o n h ce t
calendar), a meeting of the project authorsf o e s u e h t se z i sa h pme totahtcreate
0.4 a context for the area based
research, and checking the research context with community leaders and local officials
in order to find a preferred topic.
dna lano:Contextual
Keyword itacude evitInformation
aerc eht poleved ot deraperp
1. vIntroduction
e ah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
.tnBan
empoSamreun
leved lancommunity
oitan eht rofsisetalocatedudarg tnat eicSamreun
iforp Sub-district, Bang Pa In
District, Phra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya Province with the terrain of flood plain without
mountains or rivers but agricultural canals and many of ponds in various sizes
including other water resources such as Klong Poh, Klong Sai and Klong Chon
Phratan. Samreun Community’s ianitiNtsoilikuSis.rD 
mostly clay which is relatively liquid drainage
and moderate fertility. The characteristics of theajsoil
pe h tg n ur K y g o l o n hc eT f oy t i sre v i nU a la g na m aR foaretneblack,
diserPgray, brown, brownish
gray that is suitable for the growth of Tub-tao mushroom, the plant that cannot grow in
areas with chemical additives yet naturally occurring.In the preparation of the 3-year
development plan of the Sub-district Administration Organization Including analysis of
strengths and weaknesses which the strength is there are local plants, such as Tub-tao
mushroom and areas that can be developed as an ecotourism destination whereas the
weakness is the people in the area also lacked the care and protection of local natural
resources and environment which in line with strategic issue 1: To improve the quality
of tourism and services to international standards and Sub-item 1.1: The promotion of
eco-tourism, natural resources and environment. (Tub-tao mushroom)
The researcher conducted a field study to Samreun community to explore the
district's basic resources and analyzed the community context by using participatory
community education tools comprised in-and-out mapping, community history path and
lifestyle calendar which were well cooperated with the Sub-district Administrative
Organization, farmers, occupational groups, villagers in the community and other
stakeholders. The researchers therefore were able to analyze, synthesize data and also
provide preliminary research to communities and stakeholders with the conclusion that
the community needs to develop an ecotourism site that integrates agricultural
resources, community lifestyle, local knowledge, historic sites by linking to the tourist
route from Bang Pa-in Palace to the community with the integration of resources in the
community to maximize tourism value and causes the continuous development and
sustainable to the community.
February
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University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
317
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
The objectives ofUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
this research were KRUNGTHEP
to study, synthesize, analyze, synthesize
the contextual information of Samreun community for the effective spatial research.
2. Research Procedure
The researcher applied a variety RMUTK aims to

of research be a creative
methods, including technology
research
papers, survey research, qualitative university
research inandAsia. The university
participatory action has accordingly
research (PAR)
with process follows. focused on the development of our personnel and
academicdata
Document Research: Secondary curriculums
collection that align to international
on ecotourism and research
standards.
related to the use of tourism resources, We have
particularly also promoted
in agriculture and localthewisdom,
research
to
development,
create ecotourism activities or products. The the academic
researchers iccollected,
analyzed and
synthesized various documents toconcepts,
summarize and and
the preservation
define criteriaof arts
for and culture.
creating tourist
Under of
activities, tourists have to evaluate the satisfaction thegovernment’s
each participating vision of Thailand
activity.
Qualitative research was 4.0 thatwith
done emphasizes
In-depththe use of technology,
interview, subgroup creativity,
and large
group meetings to study the way of andlife,innovation
living and tothe foster
relationship
nationalof thedevelopment,
community,
living together with the participation in community
prosperity ecotourism management
and sustainability, we are planning.
currently
The steps were as follows. prepared to develop the creative educational and
1. An in-depth interviews
learningwith farmer
systems and togroups, occupational
equip students groups,
with the use
community leaders and local philosophers of community
of innovative technologieshistory and local wisdom
of knowledge. We have by
making appointments, dates, and locations with key informants
placed importance for group
oncultivating discussionsand
accomplished as
required. proficient graduatesfor the national development.
devel
2. Conduct group discussions by day, time and place of appointment until
all issues were completed. The researchers also asked for the permission to use the
recording and recording method of the conversation.
3. Applied the raw data collectedDr.SukitNitinai
for analysis by appropriate means and
presented it. President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
4. Conducted subgroup meetings and large group meetings
3. Population and sample group
The population and sample group of this study comprised

1. Philosophers and people with knowledge of the history of the community,
the local wisdom in Samreun Sub-District.
2. Community leaders, farmers, occupational groups and people in Samreun
Sub-district.
3. External parties involved in the management of tourism in the Samreun
Sub-district
4. The 200 visitors visiting the 6th Tub-tao festival at Samreun Sub-district
Findings
The study included the synthesis of contextual data of Samreun Subi-district
community for the effective spatial research on the tourism potential of Samreun Sub-
district community to be an ecotourism destination by having the route and form of
ecotourism activities of Samreun Sub-district community. This led to an ecotourism
development plan involving Samreun Sub-district community, Phra Nakhon Si
Ayutthaya Province
The researcher used the learning exchange activities with the community
using participatory educational tools. (Maps of outer and inner circle, community
historic routes, and life calendar)
3181dnalFebruary
Thailand


Figure
dnalia1-2
hT :foPhoto
noisiof
v learning
s’tnemnrexchange
evogeht reactivities
dnU with the community using community
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4circle, life calendar
history tools. Maps of outer and inner
Figure 3: Meeting and discussing issues in the area.
The researchers together with the president of Sub-District Administration

Organization, Research and Development Institute, Rajamangala University of
Technology Suvarnabhumi, The staffs of Samreun Sub-District Administration
Organization, Tub-tao group, Samreun Sub-District, Culture and Sport Office of Phra
Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province and the villagers in the Samreun Sub-District
Community discussed, co-ordinate researched issues in the area and investigated
research issues.
From the above activities, it was found that the participation in the study and
synthesis of community context information in Samreun community for an effective
spatial research allowed the participants in all sectors to jointly define research issues
in their respective areas. This leaded to the consistency of the area development plan of
Samreun Sub-District Administrative Organization as an eco-tourist attraction for
tourists to visit their local, especially during the Tub-tao festival which is organized
annually. After this study which had been cooperated from all sectors, there will be
more visitors to visit the Tub-tao festival.
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4. Conclusion
The research found Message

that thefrom
usethe
of President of
learning activities in the area by using
Rajamangala
participatory educational University
tools for of Technology
all stakeholders involvedKrungthep
in the discussion and agreed
on research issues in the area and investigated the issues. The research therefore found
the issue that is a truly community RMUTK
needs. As aaims to be the
sequence, a creative
researchertechnology
assigned
activities from the contextual datauniversity in Asia. The
of the community university
that had has accordingly
been studied, analyzed
focused onofthe
and synthesized the contextual information thedevelopment of our personnel
Samreun Sub-District communityand
that can lead to effective spatial research.
Discussion standards. We have also promoted the research
The results of the studydevelopment,
on community the context
academic icin services
Samreunwith creative
Sub-District
community, which consisted of 8concepts, villages,and the preservation
included of arts andsuch
natural resources culture.
as soil
resources which are moderately abundant.Under Most thegovernment’s
clay is clay and vision black, of Thailand
black, gray,
brown and grayish-brown. The water 4.0 thatresource
emphasizes the usethe
comprises of technology,
water surface creativity,
of the
canals, including Klong Pho, Klong andSaiinnovation
and Klong toChon Pratarn
foster including
national and small
development,
ponds which corresponds to the prosperity
concept of and the Forest Department
sustainability, we (2005) that is:
are currently
Ecotourism is a nature-based tourism, suchtoasdevelop
prepared tourist attractions,
the creativeparks, islands and
educational and
beaches, but may also include thelearning
arts andsystems
culture,andhistory and the
to equip way of
students withlifethe
of use
the
localsif these are presented or related to the natural
of innovative ecosystem.
technologies The main concept
of knowledge. We have of
ecotourism is a tourism attraction that promotes
placed and develops
importance ecotourism.
oncultivating It should be
accomplished anda
natural area with a conservation of natural
proficient resources the
graduatesfor andnational
the environment
devel
development. by using
learning activities with the area and using participatory educational tools that all
participants in the conference will discuss and discuss issues in the area.
Mingmaneakin. Wangrak (1988) has concluded about the participation that people's
participation means the active and full participation of the individual, stakeholders at all
stages of the project orPresident
rural development, especially
of Rajamangala Universityof Participation
of Technologyin decision-making
Krungthep
and accountability. Participation will ensure that what the stakeholders want most is a
response and makes it very possible. Puangngam, Govit (2002) stated that the
participatory process is summarized into 4 steps: Participation in problem identification
and the causes of local problems; Participation in planning activities; Participation in
investment and operation and Participation in monitoring and evaluation. The
researchers applied this process to conduct field study and do research on such matter
and the participants in all sectors cooperated with various activities.
5. Reference
[1] Department of Forest. (2005). Ecotourism [online]. Retrieved on 15

August 2015, from: http.//www.forest.go.th/wefcom/part2tat.html.
[2] Mingmeenakin.,Wannarak. (1988) Rural Development in Thailand.
Bangkok: Thammasat University Press.
[3] Puangngam., Govit. (2002). Strengthening the Community. MLM
3201dnalFebruary
Thailand
The StudyPEHof TGthe

NUArcheological
RK YGOLONSite HCAlong
ET FOThe YTIMarch
SREVIofNU ALTaksin,
King AGNAMthe AJGreat.
AR
To Develop the Historical Tourism Route in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya
pehtgnurK ygJongkon fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
olonhceTHengsuwan
Ayutthaya Studies Institute
ygolonhcet evitaerc PhraNakhon
a eb ot smSi iaAyutthaya
KTUMRRajabhat University

dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempolevePatt d ehtTaengpun
no desucof
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht AyutthayasmulucirruStudies
c cimeInstitute
daca
hcraeser eht detomoPhraNakhon
rp osla evSi ahAyutthaya
eW .sdRajabhat
radnats University
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavrePathapong
serp eht dnaChuenboon
,stpecnoc
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnreAyutthayavogeht reStudies
dnU Institute
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcePhraNakhon
t fo esu eht sSiezAyutthaya
isahpme Rajabhat
taht 0.4 University
yltnerruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dAbstract na ytirepsorp
esu eht The
htiwstudy
stnedofutsthepiarcheological
uqe ot dna smalong etsys the
gninmarch
rael of of King Taksin, the Great in
order
evah toeWdevelop
.egdelwhistorical
onk fo setourism
igolonhcroutes
et evitainvoPhraNakhon
nni fo Si Ayutthaya aim : 1)To
follow
dna dtheehsipath
lpmoto
ccasave
gnithe
taviindependence
tlucno ecnatroof pmKing
i decTaksin
alp in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya
province..tne2)mTo
polepresent
ved lanhistorical
oitan eht rroutes
ofsetatrace
udargthetnepath
icifortop save the independence of King
Taksin.
From the study of many historical documents. Presumably King Taksin
commanded army to move along the Baan Bat canal or Kramong Canal near with
PhichaiSongkhram temple iaand
nitiNwent
tikuSto .rDthis
 ancient route. Through Baan Huntra and
Kaomao
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamcanal
by the canal to connected to U-thai ajaR until
fo tneBaan
diserPSambundhit and move
across the field from through Baan PhosaowHan to the Baan Prannok. Before moving
out of the province of PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya province.
When analyze about of along the march route of the army of King Taksin for
tourism potential in terms of historical value and physical potential and tourism
activities. The potential of route are divided into three groups :1) Historical sites related
to King Taksin. 2) The location is along the route of King Taksin and high level
potential. 3) The location is located along the route of King Taksin, but has a low level
of tourism.
Researcher to present three routes consist of : 1) Route 1 (half day trip) is an
ideal trip for travelers with limited time. 2) Route 2 (full day trip) for full day visitors
and want to travel a place that is related to the history of the march of King Taksin, both
direct and is associated by a marching route. 3) Route 3 (for have a free time) For those
who have unlimited time and interesting in history and want to travel a place that is
related to the history of the march of King Taksin and directly related all locations with
this history.
Keywords :King Taksin the Great, The march of independence, Historical tourism
Route.
1. Introduction
King Taksin, the Great is or King Thonburi. The king has important major
mission in Independence salvage after the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767 B.E., After then
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RAJAMANGALA
established Thon buri as aUNIVERSITY
new capital. And OFtheTECHNOLOGY
reign of 15 yearsKRUNGTHEP
is between 1767-1785
B.E. (CharnvitKasetsiri, 2007 : 218).
King Taksin, whenMessage
he was as from
Phrayathe Tak.
President of
He commanded army get battle with
Burmese banishRajamangala University
out of Ayutthaya on the nightof Technology
of the second Krungthep
luna moon of the Dog year
in 1767(Chulasakarat1128)and marched go straight on east to Chanthaburi province and
RMUTK aims
Trat province to consolidate the troops throughout until toNavybe it’s
a creative
can return technology
the river.
To banish Burmese Army from the university
camp of in PhoAsia. The successfully.
Samton university has It isaccordingly
a decisive
victory for the Siamese army against focused
Burma. on the
By development of our personnel
using only 7 months, its shows andhis
wisdom. In the tactical battle, the academic
Geo-strategy curriculums
selection isthat align totointernational
appropriate the physical
standards.
characteristics of the geography support to the We
march have
relatealso
withpromoted
economic the research
and politic.
The wisdom of King Taksin development,
is a nationalthe history.
academic ic
Theservices
study iswith creative
extensive in
concepts,toand
history for bringing historical. In addition the the preservation
public interest inofthe
artshistory
and culture.
of saving
the independence of King Taksin. It’s also contributes to the income vision of Thailand
from tourism to the
4.0 that
local. So, a long march route historical emphasizes
information and thehistory
use ofrelated
technology,
to thecreativity,
marching
route appear in various media. It and should be studiedtoin foster
innovation originalnational
history document
development,and
academic document and include that local historical
prosperity and studies for information.
sustainability, we areTocurrently
promote
historical tourism along the route. prepared to develop the creative educational and
2. Research Aims of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
1. To study the archaeological
proficient site, tracing thethe
graduatesfor King Taksin’srestoration
national devel
development. army
in the border of PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya.
2. To present the historical route fromtracingof the King Taksin’srestoration
army.
3. ResearchMethodology President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
1. A study and analyze data from documents, including historical data. Art
history, History, Architecture, Archeology, etc. from books, articles, inscriptions,
chronicles, archives, archaeological documents, related Including the information that
has already been studied.
2. The potential survey area and tourism activities.
3. To brought information from archeological site and document to consider
the potential of the facility and tourism activities to promote and tourism value increase.
The two main principles are as follows :
Issue 1 Historical value: Places of historical tourism potential. It’s relate
with King Taksin It’s priorities to the following :
1) A place is historical importance. Associated with the national heroism
of King Taksin.
2) There is archaeological evidence or the uniqueness of the era. There
should be interesting things that can be explained in the tourism to increase the
knowledge properly and enjoy.
3) There are physical identities of historical sources. such as,
Architectural styles, Art history and include geographic features related to historical
events.
Issue 2 Physical Potential and tourism activities. Attractions Basic facilities
has for support tourists activities to achieve satisfaction to get comfortable. This is a
3221dnalFebruary
Thailand
factor thatPEencourages
HTGNURK YGOLmanagement
tourism ONHCET FtoOwork YTISmore
REVeffectively.
INU ALAGThe NAcriteria
MAJAR are as
follows:
fo tnediof
1) It’s has availability serbasic
P ehtfacilities
morf egwithin
asseM the tourist area, such as a
map showing the main pehtgpoints
nurK yofgothe lonhtourist ytisrsignposts,
ceT fosite, evinU alaplaces
gnamaof jaRworship, resting
places, drinking water, toilets and parking lots.
ygolonhcet e2) vitaActivities
erc a eb in ot stourism
mia KTattractions
UM R such as sightseeing Respect the
ylgnidroof
blessings ccathesaholy
h ytiBuddha
srevinu andehTrespect
.aisA King
ni ytiTaksin
srevinumonument.
dna lennosrep3) rThe uo fenvironment
o tnempolevand ed efacilities
ht no deinsuthe
cof tourism area, such as easy access
tolarestaurants,
noitanretni gas ot stations,
ngila tahospitals,
ht smuluconvenience
cirruc cimedstores.
aca
hcraeserThen eht consider
detomorgrouping
p osla epotential
vah eWplaces .sdrato
dnapromote
ts historical tourism along the
evitaof
route ercthehtKing
iw seTaksin.
civres Bycimseparate
edaca ehthree
t ,tngroups
empole:ved
.erutluc1)dnHistorical
a stra fo nsites
oitavrelate
reserpdirectly
eht dnato,sKing
tpecnoTaksin.
c The potential for tourism in
dnhigh
the aliahlevel.
T fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht rednU
,ytivitaerc 2) ,ygThe
olonhlocation
cet fo esisu elocated
ht sezisaalong
hpme the
tahtroute
0.4 of King Taksin and has great
tourism
,tnemppotential.
oleved lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna
yltnerruc 3) eraTheewlocation
,ytilibais
nialocated
tsus dnalonga ytirthe
epsoroute
rp of King Taksin but has low
tourism
dna lanpotential.
esu eht 4.htDefine
iw stnedexamples
uts piuqeofottourist
dna sm routes
etsys along
gninrathe
el route of Independence of King
Taksin.
dna deh5.siConclusion
lpmocca gnand itavsuggestions.
itlucno ecnatropmi decalp
4. Results
1. Historical site along the march route to save the independence of King
Taksin in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya
ianitiNtikuprovince.
S.rD
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinUthe
The researcher studied alagarcheology
namajaR foalong
tnedisethe
rP march to save the
independence of King Taksin in PhraNakhon Si Ayutthaya province. From many
historical documents. The documents provide information about the march route of
King Taksin and the landscape in the province is composed of Royal Chronicles of
Thonburi, Chan Phanthanumasa. , Royal Chronicles of Siam from the manuscripts of
the British Museum, London and Royal Chronicles of The royal secretary The story of
Thailand, Chronicles of Siam the Battle of Burma, etc. These documents mention the
place name and events. During the movement, the troops consisted of combining forces
and moving troops away from Pichaisongkhram Temple. Then move through Baan
Hantra and Baan Kaomao. When we arrived at Baan Sambundhit, then saw at night the
fire in the sky above Ayutthaya, where we spent the night in the area, where King
Taksin the Great moved to Ban Phosaowhan. It appears that the Burmese army track
and the battle. Then move to the camp at Baan Prannok. The soldiers who went out to
find supplies were clashed with the Burmese army and was followed to camp. The King
Taksin had taken the battle and won. As it appears, the heroic succession.
February
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Table 1 RAJAMANGALA
: name and historicalUNIVERSITY OFmarch
place on along the TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
of King Taksin

Rajamangala Historical Document
University Name Krungthep
of Technology
Royal Royal Royal Royal Burmese
Chronicles
 RMUTK aims
Chronicles to be a Chronicle
Chronicles creative technology
Siam war
Current of university
of in Asia.ofTheSiam,
Siam, university
s hasofaccordingly
Chronicle
Important Event Thonburi, focused on
British the development
Dan of our
Siam, personnel and
Name
Chan academicMuseumcurriculums
Beachthat alignRoyal to international
standards. We have
Phanthanu also promoted
Bradley Writingthe research
masa(Jerm ic services with creative
) concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
Pichaison Assemble and Phichai Under thegovernment’s
Phichaya Phichai vision of Thailand
Phichai Phichai
gkhram Move Temple4.0 thatTemple
emphasizesTemple
the use of technology,
Temple creativity,
Temple
Temple and innovation to foster national development,
HantraSu Movement - prosperity
- and sustainability,
- we are currently
Baan -
bdistrict prepared to develop the creative educational and
Harntra
KaomaoS Movement Baan learningBaansystems andBaanto equip students
Baan with- the use
ubdistrict Kaomao of innovative
Kaomaotechnologies
Kaomao of knowledge.
Kaomao We have
SamBund firer Ayutthaya Sumbumd placedBaan
importance BaanSamb
oncultivatingBaan accomplished
- and
hitSubdis /at stay hit proficient graduatesfor
Sombundi the nationalSumbund
undhit devel
development.
trict t it
Phosamh the Burmese Baan Baan Baan Baan Baan
arnSubdi army and was Phosamha Phosaew Phosaowh Phosungh Pohsungh
strict followed and ow ara
Dr.SukitNitinai ara ara
battle President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
Baan At stay,The Baan Baan Baan Baan Baan
Prannok soldiers who Prannok Prannok Prannok Prannok Prannok
went out to find
supplies were
clashed with the
Burmese army
and was
followed to
camp and
Taksin had
taken the battle
and won and
established
King of
Thonburi
Considering the location of the village. King Taksin moved out of

PhichaiSongkhram temple, It’s found that Baan Hantra, Baan Kaowmao, Baan
Sambundhit. They are located along a canal. At the junction of Paasak river near
PichaiSongkhram temple and go straight on east. The canal is named after the local
name. The canals flow through the canal, Baan Bat, Khramong canal, Kaowmao canal
and U-thai canal before it is split into three way junction at Baan Sambundhit. One
3241dnalFebruary
Thailand
crossroadsPEHtoTGthe NUeast.
RK YAnother
GOLONcrossroads
HCET FO to YTthe
ISRE VINUItAL
south. AGNnot
does AMconnect
AJAR to
BaanPrannok.
Researchers have assumed fo tnedthat
iserKing
P ehtTaksin
morf emoved
gasseMalong the south side of this
canal. The ancientperoute htgnuand rK ywhen
golonKing fo ytisremoved
hceT Taksin vinU ato lagBaan
namajSambundhit.
aR King
Taksin and the troops got away from the river but get in Baan Sambundhit pass away to
ygoloPhosaowharn
Baan nhcet evitaerc and a ebBaanot sm ia KTUM
Prannok. R
Before moving
 out of the province of
ylgnidroccaSisAyutthaya
PhaNakhon ah ytisreviprovince.
nu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
dna lenSo,nosrwhen
ep ruoit fiso assumed
tnempolethatved theeht march
no desof ucoKing
f Taksin. It’s assumed to the
lanoitaFollow
place. nretni theot npath
gila oftahmarching.
t smulucirIt’sruc consists
cimedacof a places in the following order:
hcraeser eht detotemple,
PhichaiSongkhram morp osJaofhadokdeau
la evah eW .Temple, sdradnatsPhotaram temple, Jaofharussami
evitaercSampeaum
temple, res cimNangkum
htiw secivtemple, edaca eht temple,
,tnempoYatigaramma
leved temple, Grasung temple,
Hantra.erutemple,
tluc dnaSakae
stra fo temple,
noitavreKorokoso
serp eht dnatemple,
,stpecnKuntipaya
oc temple, Kunsai temple,
dnaliahT fotemple,
Kaogchang noisiv Baanheep
s’tnemnrevtemple,
ogeht reNangchee
dnU temple, Donbutra temple, Kumtaa
,ytivitaSambundhit
temple, erc ,ygolonhtemple,
cet fo esPohsaowharn
u eht sezisahptemple,
me taht Lum 0.4 temple, Prannok temple.
,tnempoTheleveresearcher
d lanoitanstudied retsof theot historical
noitavonsignificance
ni dna of the place related to King
Taksin
yltnerrfrom
uc eChronicle
ra ew ,yand tilibdown
aniatsthe
us survey
dna yareatirepin
sorhistoric
p sites. To study the tourism
potential
dna lanwith
oitacupresents
de evitahistorical
erc eht routes
poleveto d follow
ot derathe perfootpaths
p to save the independence
ofesKing
u ehtTaksin.
htiw stThe
neduplace
ts piuisqeclassified
ot dna sm into
etsythree
s gnigroups
nrael as follows. 1. Historical sites
related
evah etoWKing.egdTaksin
elwonkand fo sthe
eigpotential
olonhcet forevittourism
avonni in fo the high level. 2. Location along
the
dnaroute
dehofsilpKing
moccTaksin
a gnitaandvitluthe
cnopotential
ecnatropfor mi tourism
decalp in the very high level. 3. Place
located.talong
nemptheolevroute
ed lanofoiKing
tan ehTaksin,
t rofsetabut
udathe
rg ttourism
neiciforpotential
p in the low level.
1. Historical sites relate to King Taksin and have great potential for tourism,
including historical sites that relate to the heroic heroism of Taksin the Great. There are
facilities and activities and equipment and parking. The environment is ready for
tourists. It’s should be theifirstanititourist
NtikuSattractions
.rD not to miss. Includes:
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnTemple
PhichaiSongkhram Temple or Phichai ediserP appears in historical
documents as a camp site. It is the beginning of the army to save the independence of
King Taksin the Great is a place with great tourism potential. There are historical
accounts related to King Taksin manifested in many historical documents. It is also
equipped with facilities such as parking, toilets and respect area.
Sambundhit Temple is a temple that is relate with the route of King
Taksin by appearance. As the troops of King Taksin stopped at the Baan Sambundhit.
See the fire brigade capture the sky at the location of Ayutthaya. There is also a legend
about the monks or the three old people who recommended the trip to King Taksin.
so, it appears that the temple is Sambundhit. However, this temple should be developed
utilities to be more ready for tourism.
Phosaowharn Temple It is a temple that has a history along with the
march route of King Taksin as shown in the royal chronicles. King Taksin command the
troops marched to Ban Phosaowharn and fight with the Burmese army to follow at Pho
Saowharn. In addition, there is also a local legend in the legendary goddess Pho
Saowharn. The two women's villagers came to help King Taksin to fight the Burmese
army until death. The women who joined the fighting were named Pho and Saow. The
area has been called Ban Phosaowharn until now. General utility of the temple The
criteria are quite good. There is a large parking lot for private cars, vans and buses. But
toilet a far from the source of worship and it’s not clean. This should be further
developed in this regard.
Baan Prannok has evidence in the royal chronicles that. It was the last
point where King Taksin had taken his army to the hometown before leaving for Ban
February
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Dong.RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
In addition, the Baan Prannok is also OF TECHNOLOGY
a major hit point KRUNGTHEP
for the army of King
Taksin to fight the Burmese army who have followed and won beautifully and there are
details that King Taksin and Message fromon
his soldiers thehorseback.
PresidentItofcan also be used to fight the
Burmese army. Rajamangala
Both have fewer University
people and of King
Technology
Taksin Krungthep
is regarded as king. In terms
of activities and other utilities. Prannok Temple is quite ready to accommodate tourists.
The parking lot is spacious. There  is a good RMUTK aims are
toilet. There to moderate
be a creative
indoortechnology
rest spots.
The Prannok Temple can accommodate university
tourism in activities
Asia. The as university
wel as. has accordingly
focused
2. Location along the route on the
of King development
Taksin. of our
The potential forpersonnel
tourism inandthe
high level. The place is located inacademic curriculums
the marching route butthatno align
story or to legend
international
that is
consistent with the heroic march tostandards. We haveofalso
save independence Siam.promoted
But there the research
are facilities,
activities and environment that candevelopment,
accommodatethe academic
tourists. It ic services
should with creative
be a recommended
place for tourists who have a freeconcepts,
time to and the Itpreservation
travel. consists ofofthe arts and culture.
following places:
Prayatigarama temple, Kasung temple, Korokoso Undertemple.
3. The place is located 4.0along
that emphasizes
the route of theKing
use of technology,
Taksin, but thecreativity,
tourism
potential in the low level. The place and isinnovation
located in the to marching route but
foster national no story or
development,
legend that is consistent with the prosperity
heroic march and to save the direct independence
sustainability, we are currently of the
King Taksin. There are no facilities, prepared activities
to develop and environment
the creative to accommodate
educational and
tourists. Suitable for tourists who have a lotsystems
learning of time to andtravel. Adventure
to equip students travel
withthey
the may
use
visit in a short time. It consistsofofinnovative
the following places: of
technologies Jaofhadokdeau
knowledge. We Temple,
have
Photaram temple, Jaofharussamiplaced temple, Sampeaum
importance temple, Nangkum
oncultivating accomplished temple,
and
Kuntipya temple, Kunsai temple, Kogchang
proficient temple, the
graduatesfor Baan Heep development.
national temple, Nangchee
devel
temple, Donputtra temple, Kumtaa temple, Lum temple.
2. Historical route to trace the march route to save the independence of King
Taksin.
Suggested historical route along theDr.SukitNitinai
route to save the independence of King
Taksin. There are 3 types President of Rajamangalaneeds:
of routes to suit tourist Universityof of Technology Krungthep
Route 1: (half day) is a must for all travelers with limited time. I want to
travel by highlighting places that are related to the marching of King Taksin. The place
is recommended starting from PhichaiSongkhram temple, Sambundhit temple,
Phosaowharntemple,and ended at the Prannok temple.
Route 2: (full day): This route is for full time visitors and want to travel
a place that is related to the history of the marching of King Taksin and directed King
Taksin and associated as a place along the march route consist of PichaiSongkhram.
temple, Prayatigarama temple, Kasung temple, Hantra temple, Sakae temple, Korokoso
temple, Sambundhit temple, Phosaowharn temple, Prannok temple.
Route 3: This trip route is for those who have unlimited time and want to
travel places related to the history of the marching of King Taksin to both directly and
related by location. It consists of a total of starting locations at PhichaiSongkhram
temple, Jaofhadokdeau temple, Photarama temple, Jaofharussami temple, Sampeaum
temple, Nangkum temple, Prayatigarama temple, Kasung temple, Hantra temple, Sakae
temple, Korokoso temple, Kuntipya temple, Kunsai temple, Kogchang temple, Baan
Heep temple, Nangchee temple, Donputtara temple, Kumtae temple, Sambundhit
temple, Phosaowharn temple, Lum temple, Prannok temple.
Historical routes along the march route of King Taksin. There are three
routes is an offer that travelers can choose the route to travel as if the tourists have
limited time. The historical importance of the historical sites of King Taksin and its
potential for tourism is high.Then choose route 1 or if the traveler has enough time.
3261dnalFebruary
Thailand
Tourist PisEH TGNURroute.

changing K YGItOL ONH
may C E T FO
consider YTISRE
choosing VIN
the U ALroute
tourist AGNA2MAJA
and R 3
route
according to the needs of tourists.
5. Conclusion pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
ygolonhAcestudy
t evitarcheology
aerc a eb follow ot smithea Kmarch
TUMRto save the  independence of King Taksin
inylAyutthaya.
gnidrocca sAssumed
ah ytisrevby inutheehhistorical
T .aisA ndata i ytithat.
sreviKing
nu Taksin moved along the canal
dna lennfrom
separated osreptheruoPasak
fo tnRiver,
empolwhich
eved eishtannoancient
desuctransportation
of from Pichaisongkram
lanoitato
temple nreBaan
tni oHantra,
t ngila Baan taht Kaowmao,
smulucirrucBaamSambundhit
cimedaca temple, and change route
hcratoesBaan
pass er ehSambundhit
t detomorp field oslatoeBaan
vah ePhosaowharn
W .sdradnatand s Baan Prannok. Before moving
evitaeacross
troops rc htiwout secof es cimedacaSiehAyutthaya
ivrPhraNakorn t ,tnempolprovince.It’s
eved can be assumed places
follow.eruthe
tluc dpath
na straoffo marching.
noitavreserpItehconsists
t dna ,stpeof cnoplaces
c in the following order:
dnaliahT fo noisivtemple,
PhichaiSongkhram s’tnemnJaofhadokdeau
revogeht rednUtemple, Photarama temple, Jaofharussami
,ytivitaeSampeaum
temple, rc ,ygolonhtemple,
cet fo esNangkum
u eht sezisatemple,
hpme taPrayatigarama
ht 0.4 temple, Kasung temple,
Hantra
,tnemptemple,
oleved lSakaeanoitantemple,
retsof Korokoso
ot noitavtemple,
onni dnKuntipya
a temple, Kunsai temple,
Kogchang
yltnerruc temple,
era ewBaan ,ytiHeep
libaniatemple,
tsus dnNangchee
a ytirepstemple,
orp Donputtara temple, Kumtae
temple,
dna laSambundhit
noitacude evtemple,
itaerc Phosaowharn
eht poleved temple,
ot derapLum erp temple, Prannok temple.
esu eht When
htiw stbringing
neduts pithe uqe place
ot dnafollow
smetsythe s gnpath
inraeofl King Taksin. To analyze the
potential
evah eWof .tourism.
egdelwonThe k foroute
seigcan
olonbehcetraced
t evitaback
vonntoi fthe
o historical route of the march to
save
dna thedehindependence
silpmocca gnof itaKing
vitlucTaksin.
no ecnaRoute
tropm3i is deacatourist
lp (full day and unlimited time)
Route 1.tn(half
empoday)leveis
d laantourist
oitan eroute
ht roffor
setatravelers
udarg tnewith
iciforlimited
p time. Then want to travel
by highlighting places that are related to the marching of king Taksin directly. The place
is recommended starting from PhichaiSongkhram temple. The route 2 (full day) for full
time and want to travel a place that is related to the history of the marching of King
Taksin. Both directly related ianand
itiNtisikassociated
uS.rD by a marching route. This trip route is for
those
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaRplaces
who have unlimited time and want to travel fo tnedrelated
iserP to the history of the
marching of King Taksin and related by location.
6. Suggestions
1. The local government agencies. It can should be improve the route because
of road confined until the car was not through to the place and there are not enough
signs. Make it difficult to access the place.
2. Government agencies or school, it should be promote the promotion of
historical tourism activities along the route of the King Taksin.
3. The owner or caretaker of historical site, such as the board members of
temple. They can prepare always for the visit of tourists.
3.1 Prepare facilities such as maps, signs, places of worship, drinking water,
toilets and parking lots.
3.2 Prepare for tourist activities such as temple location should open the
welcome to church or prepare a place like a pavilion for tourists to worship the Buddha
or King Taksin monument. The location of near the river or canal. It’s can should be
prepared fish feed for tourists. It’s income of local people.
3.3 Maintaining cleanliness of premises such as sweeping dust and bird
droppings.
4. Community people should be involved in potential development of the
location.
February
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327
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7. References
[1] Message
CharnvitKasetsiri. fromAyutthaya
(2007). the President of
: Discovering Ayutthaya.Bangkok :
Rajamangala
Toyota University
(Thailand) Foundationof Technology
of SocialKrungthep
and Humanity Textbooks
Project.
[2] Damrong Rachanupaab,  RMUTK
Prince. aimsChronicles
(2013). to be a of creative
Siam thetechnology
Battle of
Burma. Bangkok : Thai university
QualityinBooks.
[3] Department of Finefocused on the of
Arts, Ministry development of our personnel
Culture. (2005).Historical and
Record
of the King. Bangkok academic
: Officecurriculums
of Literature that align toDepartment
and History, international of
Fine Arts. standards. We have also promoted the research
[4] Prasertak Sornnit, Chief.development, the academic
(2016). Former ic Historical
Capital services withRecordcreative
From
Chief Prasertaksornnit concepts,
and The andConference
the preservation of arts and
of Historical culture.
Record sector
63 Chapter Former Capital. Bangkok Under thegovernment’s
:Sangdao. vision of Thailand
[5] Royal Chronicles 4.0 of that emphasizes
Thonburi, ChanthePhanthanumasa.
(2008). War
Chronicle The Miracle andofinnovation
the Ancestertoetc.Bangkok :Sripanya.
[6] Royal Chronicles ofprosperity
Siam Fromand the manuscripts of the
sustainability, weBritish
are Museum,
currently
London. [online]. From prepared to develop the creative
:th.wikisource.org/wiki/ educational
พระราชพงศาวดารกรุ งสยามฉบัand
บบริ
ติชมิวเซี ยม. 2015. learning systems and to equip students with the use
[7] of
Thonburi Historical Record innovative technologies
in King Baromracha ofIV(Dan
knowledge.
BeachWe have
Bradley
placed
Issue). (2011). Bangkok :Kosit. importance oncultivating accomplished and
devel
3281dnalFebruary
Thailand
Learning P EH TGNUConversation
English RK YGOLONthrough HCET FWebQuest
O YTISRE VINU Afor
Activity LAUnder
GNAM AJAR
Graduated
Student at Rajmangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Suphanburi
fo tnediseCampus
rP eht morf egasseM
Ruangsin Pluempan
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb oruangsin_kob@hotmail.com
t smia KTUMR 
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempolevWandee ed eht noSrisawat
desucof
.erutThe
luc daims
na straofthis
fo noiresearch
tavreserpareto
eht dnuse
a ,stWeb
pecnoQuest
c in the learning activity of
dnaliahTConversation
English fo noisiv s’tsubjectand
nemnrevogetoht develop
rednU the communication lesson in various
,ytivitaercthough
situations ,ygolonthe
hceuse
t fo eofsuWeb
eht seQuest.
zisahpm The e tasample
ht 0.4 consistedof25 under graduated
students
,tnempolfrom
eved Rajamangala
lanoitan retsoUniversity
f ot noitaof vonTechnology
ni dna Suvarnabhumi Suphanburi
Campus
yltnerruwho
c erenrolled
a ew ,in ytilEnglish
ibaniatsuConversation
s dna ytirein psothe
rp first semester of 2014 academic
year.
dna The
lanoiinstruments
tacude evitaused erc ehweret poleWeb
ved oQuest;
t derapDirection,Giving
erp Directions Rubric
Assessment
esu eht htiw andstsatisfaction
neduts piuqquestionnaires.
e ot dna smetsys gninrael
evah eTheW .egstudyresults
delwonk fo indicated
seigolonhcethat t evitthere
avonniwas fo significantly higher learning
achievement
dna dehsilpof mothe
ccalearner
gnitavin itluthe
cnoposttest
ecnatroatpm .01
i dand
ecathe
lp learners’ satisfaction is high (X
= 4.58,.tS.D.
nemp=48)olevthe
ed lhighest
anoitan score
eht rois
fsethe
taudWeb
arg tQuest
neicifoisrpfun and easy to link in the Web
Quest (X= 4.69, S.D. = .47)
1. Introduction
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinformation
The great and boundless inU alagnamdatabase
ajaR fo tnisedaisgreat
erP library of the world
where people can access knowledge freely. The issue to be considered is how to bring
that information to the learning, teaching and daily use of learners and the general
public as much as possible.Educators have therefore developed educational innovations
that utilize the World Wide Web to promote learning for people in various educational
levels since the development of Web-based Instruction (WBI) to "web-based
exploration" or Webquest that Berdie Dodge of the Department of Educational
Technology, San Diego State University was developed in 1995. The goal is to bring a
wide variety of knowledge on the World Wide Web as a basis for learning experiences.
As a sequence, the learners can seek knowledge from a systematic knowledge base to
use in teaching at different levels which was popular in America at a later time (Wasan,
2003: 1).
WebQuest is an innovative media design that provides an in-depth, hands-on
learning experience in the form of an Inquiry Oriented Activities that utilizes most or all
of the learning resources from the WebQuest so learners can search for information
from designated learning resources. In designing this type of learning activity, concept
of Cooperative Learning is used to help learners spend time searching and learning
effectively by cooperative learning. Researcher was therefore interested in studying and
developing web-based or web-based learning for applying in learning English by
providing an additional activity that allows learners to seek knowledge through
WebQuests by using the information that have been taught not just to improve the
learners’ writing skills but also includes the development of the potential of learners in
the use of technology for education.
February
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329
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RAJAMANGALA
2. Objective of the studyUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
1. To use WebQuest Message from the

in the learning President
activity of
of English Conversation course
Rajamangala
2. To develop University of
the communication Technology
lesson in variousKrungthep
situation though the use of
Web Quest
3. Methodology university in Asia. The university has accordingly
academic
In this study, the researcher curriculums
developed that align
the teaching to international
and learning activities
standards. asWe
using WebQuest in the study of knowledge pre-have also promoted
experimental researchthewithresearch
the use
development,
of pre-test and post-test. The experiment the academic
was conducted with ic
25 services
first year with creative
students from
Rajamangala University of Technologyconcepts,Suvarnabhumi.
and the preservation
Suphanof arts andCampus
Buri culture. by
specific sampling. The experiment took 2Under weeksthegovernment’s
3 hours a week vision
for aoftotal
Thailand
of 6
hours.The experimental design was4.0 that emphasizesResearch
Pre-experimental the use of technology,
with One-group creativity,
pretest -
Posttest (Torat.Bumroong, 1991 : 29-31). The scopestoof the
and innovation studynational
foster were as follows:
development,
Scope of population included the students
prosperity of Rajamangala
and sustainability, we areUniversity of
currently
Technology Suvarnabhumi, Suphan Buri Campus
Sample group included those who systems
learning enrolled and
in the
to English Conversation
equip students with thecourse
use
in the first semester of the academic year technologies
of innovative 2015 at Rajamangala
of knowledge. University
We have of
Technology Suvarnabhumi, Suphan Buri importance
placed Campus. Theoncultivating
experiment was done with and
accomplished one
sample group in the following approach:
devel
T1 X T2
Designated
President that
of Rajamangala Universityof
T1referred to pretest
T2referred to posttest
X referred to the learning with the course syllabus
designed by the researcher
Scope of contentincluded Asking and Giving Direction namely 1.Asking

directions; 2.Asking address;3.Routing;4.Addressing and 5. Placement
Research tools included1. WebQuest lesson developed by the researcher; 2.
Pre-test and post-test, and 3. Questionnaire about students’ attitude toward WebQuest
lesson.
4. Process of study
The researcher tested the students’ ability to route directions by using map that
the instructor assigned a Rubric Assessment. After that, the lesson was designed and
collected in the following steps.
1. The researcher selected the content of the lesson in the English
Conversation course about asking and giving directions.
2. The researcher studied the web design process from internet and found
that WebQuest is an instructional process that emphasizes self-cognition, as well as the
use of decision-making processes by learners. They use many sources of knowledge in
the Internet in searching the required information. Web-based learning began with
3301dnalFebruary
Thailand
Bernie P EHTGof
Dodge NUtheRK Department
YGOLONHof CEEducational
T FO YTISR EVINU ALat
Technology AGSan
NAM AJARState
Diego
University in 1995 that aimed to bring a variety of knowledge from the internet to
organize the learning process. fo The
tnedilearners
serP ehtwillmorseek
f egainformation
sseM from a systematic
source of information pehtforgnuinstructional eT fo ytis(refers
rK ygolonhcpurposes revinUtoalWebQuest.org.uk
agnamajaR webpage,
no date). There are various definitions of the meaning of WebQuests Activities such as
ygolon(1995)
Dodge hcet evwho itaerdefined
c a eb WebQuest
ot smia Kas TUanMRactivity that focuses on inquiry-oriented
ylgnidrocMost
activities. ca sahof ythetisreinformation
vinu ehT .aisison A ninternet
i ytisrevand
inu selected by the instructors as the
dna lennossite
appropriate rep rto uohighlight
fo tnempthe olevactual
ed eht experience.
no desucof Similarly, Atisap.,Wasan (2003)
lanoitanrethat
mentioned tni oWebQuest
t ngila taishta new smulenvironment
ucirruc cimefor daclearning
a in the information society
hcradiverse
with eser ehand t dborderless
etomorp oknowledge
sla evah eresources,
W .sdradfocusing
nats on learners. Not only did the
evitaercknow
learners htiwthe ivres cimethat
secknowledge dacathey
ehtcreated,
,tnempobutlevalso
ed the world of knowledge. Thing
.eruintlumind
to keep c dnaisstto
ra encourage
fo noitavrethem
serp etohtthink
dna ,critically
stpecnoc in the information they receive.
5.,ytResult
ivitaercof,ythe
golostudy
nhcet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
yltnerru1. c The
era useew of ,ytiliWebQuests
baniatsus dntoa organize
ytirepsorp activities in teaching English
Conversation
dna lanoitaccourseude evfound
itaerc that
eht the
poledesign
ved otofdeWebQuest
raperp was completed and assigned
the
esusample
eht htistudents
w stnedutots enter
piuqethe
ot lesson
dna smthatetsythe
s gnresearcher
inrael had create that took 2 weeks
(6evhours)
ah eW to.egcomplete
delwonk the fo selesson.
igolonhThe
cet eresearcher
vitavonni fcollected
o the satisfaction level of
teaching
dna dehwith silpmthe
occWebQuest
a gnitavitlthrough
ucno ecthe natruse
opmofi 5-level
decalp scale based on Likert scale. The
results were
.tnemas poshown
leved lainnoTable
itan e1.
ht rofsetaudarg tneiciforp
Table 1 : The mean and standard deviation of the satisfaction level of the students
through the use of WebQuest as a learning activity.
pehtgofnuSatisfaction
List eT foyEvaluation
rK ygolonhcLevel tisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnediserP
X S.D. Meaning
Content satisfaction 4.33 .46 Highest
Self-study 4.60 .43 Highest
Completion of content from designated
4.14 .49 High
learning resources.
The gained knowledge 4.27 .48 Highest
List of Satisfaction Level Evaluation X S.D. Meaning
Enjoyment of the activity 4.69 .47 Highest
Activity satisfaction 4.50 .47 Highest
Learners’ based activity 4.69 .47 Highest
The amount of work assigned. 4.19 .47 High
Duration of activities 4.44 .50 Highest
Design Satisfaction 4.50 .48 Highest
Screen layout and website design 4.49 .49 Highest
February
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TableRAJAMANGALA
1 UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
List of Satisfaction LevelMessage

Evaluationfrom the President of
X S.D.
Rajamangala University of Technology KrungthepMeaning
Fonts, sizes and colors 4.44 .48 Highest
Main menu is easy to understand. university4.43 in Asia. .49 Highesthas accordingly
The university
Linking within the WebQuest Lesson focused on 4.67the development
.48 of our personnel and
Highest
Average standards.4.58 We have.48also promoted
Highest the research
concepts,toand
From Table 1, it was possible the preservation
summarize of artsofand
the results theculture.
students’
Under thegovernment’s vision
satisfaction with the WebQuest. In terms of content, the learners were most satisfiedof Thailand
with self-education (X = 4.60, S.D. 4.0 that
= emphasizes the use of
.46). The students technology,
were satisfiedcreativity,
with the
activities of the students and the fun activities (X = 4.69, SD = .47).development,
and innovation to foster national Most of the
WebQuests (X = 4.69, SD = .47), prosperity and sustainability,
and the comparison we areshowed
of the three aspects currently
that
prepared to develop
the learners were most satisfied with the activities and design.the creative educational and
The researcher also testedlearning systems
the students’ and to equip skills
communication students withand
before theafter
use
learning with WebQuests. The researcher tested the students by giving them a map and We have
then assigns the Rubric Assessmentplaced importance oncultivating accomplished and
as follows:
devel
Table 2 showed the routing capability scoring
Giving Directions
Good3 pts Dr.SukitNitinai Poor1 pts
Fair2 pts
Vocabulary DirectionsPresident
used of Rajamangala
DirectionsUniversityof
used one orof Technology
DirectionsKrungthep
used
vocabulary from the two vocabulary words no vocabulary
unit when appropriate. from the unit. from the unit.
Accuracy When directions were Directions had one The directions
followed they led to inaccurate statement or would not arrive
the destination. missed one turn/street. at the destination.
Street Correct street names Street names were used, No street names
Names were used in English. but in Thai. were used.
Direction Correct direction Direction words were No direction
words words were used in incorrect or in Thai. words were used.
English.
Verbs Correct formal Commands were No attempt to
commands were used. conjugated incorrectly conjugate was
or informal commands made. Verbs were
were given. left in the
infinitive or had
made-up endings
or were done in
English.
Landmarks At least two One landmark was No landmarks
landmarks that would mentioned. were mentioned.
be passed were
mentioned.
3321dnalFebruary
Thailand
Table 2PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
fo t n ediserDirections
Giving P eht morf egasseM
Good3 pehptstgnurK ygolonhceFair2 T fo ypts tisrevinU alagnam ajaRpts
Poor1
Following Your partner correctly Your partner was Your partner
ygolonhcet efollowed
directions vitaerc ayour eb ot smia KTmostly UMR able to follow  couldn't follow
ylgnidrocca sdirections
ah ytisrevto inutheehT .aisA the ni ydirections
tisrevinu but had your directions
dna lennosrepdestination.
ruo fo tnempoleved ehone t nominor
desucof OR asked you
lanoitanretni OR ot ngila taht smulucirrumisunderstanding, c cimedaca questions in
hcraeser eht Your detom orp ocorrectly
partner sla evah eW which.sdrthey
adnaasked
ts you English.
evitaerc htiwfollowed secivresyour cimedaca eht ,about tnempinolSpanish.
eved
.erutluc dndirections
a stra fo nbut oitathey
vresewererp eht dna ,stpecnoc
dnaliahT fo ninaccurate
oisiv s’tneand mnledrevoyour
geht rednU
,ytivitaerc ,ygpartner
olonhceto t fao different
esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
,tnempoleveddestination!
dna lanThe oitacresearchers
ude evitaeused rc ehthe t pscores
oleved from ot dthe
erappre-test
erp and post-test to analyze. The
esu estatistics
basic ht htiw sused tnedin utsthis
piutest
qe owere
t dnamean, smetsstandard
ys gninradeviation,
el t-test, and t-test as shown
inevthe
ah table.
eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
dna deh2.siTo lpmdevelop
occa gnaitacommunication
vitlucno ecnatrlesson opmi dinecvarious
alp situations through the use of
. t ne m p o le v e d la n o i ta n e h t r of se ta u da rg t ne ic if o r p
WebQuests with pre-test and post-test, it was found that the communication skills of the
students’ routingafter learning through WebQuest was Higher than before as shown in
Table 2.
ianand
Table 3 showed the pre-test itiNpost-test
tikuS.rDscores
 of routing
List of Test X S.D. t
Pre-test 10.38 2.85
19.23**
Post-test 17.02 2.62
** p<.01
Table 3 showed that the communication skill of the students’ routing after
learning through WebQuest was higher than before learning. The score was 10.38 (X =
10.38, S.D. = 2.85) and the average score after the learning, the mean was 17.02 (X =
17.02, S.D. = 2.86) at the .01 level.
6. Discussion
The higher post-test score of the students’ was caused bythe students had a better
understanding of the content and communication skills. These things were from the fact
that students learned from the media and many of the activities in the WebQuest that
were created directly by the researcher according to age interests. Teaching by using
WebQuest activity is a teaching process that has a clear sequence of steps at each level
can enhance understanding of English language skills and speaking ability of the
learners. However, learners should continue to practice to improve their skills and
expertise.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
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333
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7. Recommendations
1. Recommendation Message from

for the use ofthe President of in teaching and learning.
WebQuestlessons
Rajamangala
1.1 Learning University
by using of Technology
WebQuestlessons Krungthep
for best results and benefits should
be done by encouraging learners to do self-learning and learners should be given plenty
of time to study the lessons to allows
 RMUTKto aims
the learners practiceto their
be askills
creative technology
appropriately.
1.2 While teaching with university in Asia.researchers
WebQuests, The university
shouldhascontrol
accordingly
while
students do their learning activities using the internet. This is because many studentspersonnel and
academic
spend hours for their private purposes, such curriculums
as using facebookthat align to international
or playing games. To
standards.
prevent the incorrect result of the research, We have
learners shouldalso promoted
be taught the the
to follow research
rules.
development,
1.3 Instructors must have the academic
basic knowledge ic services
in creating with creative
web pages because
the details are complicated that makeconcepts, and the
it difficult in preservation
entering dataofeven
arts and
It is culture.
a software
program. Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
4.0 thatstudy
2. Recommendations for further emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
2.1 Instructors should and
studyinnovation
the learners’ to needs,the appropriateness
foster national of the
development,
content and learning process to develop WebQuest
prosperity and lessons in the nextwe
sustainability, study.
are currently
2.2 Researchercan useprepared
WebQuest to learning
develop processes to test
the creative other learners'
educational and
performances including quiz solution and the
learning durability
systems andoftolearning.
2.3 Researchers shouldofuse both pre-test
innovative and post-test
technologies of by allowinglearners
knowledge. We have to
take the test on the web and can answer
placed the questions oncultivating
importance right away. The learners therefor
accomplished and
are aware of the development ofproficient
themselves and can improve
graduatesfor on their
the national devel weakness in the
development.
course matter.
8. Reference
[1] Attisarp.,President
Wasan. of(2003). WebQuest: Learner-centered
Rajamangala Universityof instruction
of Technology Krungthepon
World Wide Web:Journal of Academic Services, Prince of Songkla
University 14 (2): 52-61; May – August.
[2] Chou, Tun-Whei Isabel. (2006). The effect of the WebQuest Writing
Instruction on EFLlearners’ writing performance, writing apprehension,
and perception (China).LA SIEREA UNIVERSITY.
[3] Dodge, B. (1997). Some thoughts about WebQuest. [Article posted on
the World WideWeb] retrieved August 14, 2003 from the World Wide
Web:http://webquest.sdsu.edu/about_webquests.html
[4] Parma., Kanchana et al. (2009). The Development of WebQuest
instruction onthe projects. Computer for Vocational Certificated
Students, Vocational Education in Phetchabun Province Self-study
Reseach. Master's Degree Educational Technology and Communication,
Naresuan University.
3341dnalFebruary
Thailand
PE HTGNUHeritage
Cultural RK YGO LONHFolk
ofThai CETSongSinging
FO YTISREContest
VINU AinLDigital
AGNAM AJAR
TV
fo tAripon
nediserPJarrunakorn
eht morf egasseM
pehtgnuStamford
rK ygolon hceT fo ytisUniversity
International revinU alagnamajaR
Aripon.jarrunakorn@stamford.edu
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisAAbstract ni ytisrevinu
lanoitanThai
retni Folksong
ot ngila Singing
taht sm ulucirruWalking
Contest c cimedside aca by side with the country music
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eved some time ago Technology is
rapidly.eruchanging
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ht dnisa relatively
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“Thai Folksong”
Keywords: Thai Folk Song, Singing Contest, Digital TV
1. Introduction
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fohear
“Song”,when you ytisreit,vinyou
U alfeel
agnasad,
majaIRfeel
fo tnaedsense
iserP of fun. Feel happy to
relax. All this is the result of listening to song. The sound of music Hearing the sound of
singing. It is something that people all over the world can experience together. Have felt
the same way when I listen to music. Exposed to the melody of the song, the band has
said that "music is the universal language of music" because it can make people's
communication and mutual understanding.
Evolution of Music Then walk along with the progress of humanity. Music is
the cause of human development. Music is the result of the development of mankind as
well. Our country a musical evolution Thailand has music and a unique cultural heritage
of the nation. It is also exposed to a variety of songs from coming to our country. As
can be seen from Music format that has appeared so many different types that are
offered through radio, television and online media, etc.
MusicProgramme is the one that is paired with the television industry of the
country for a long time. In addition to edify Indulge appreciation from the audience gets
to hear it. Music Programsalso contributes to the evolution of music and many more
stories on the land of Thailand. Each playlist purpose Target audiences or different
away. We met with the variety and style of presentation that is unique and distinctive as
well. MusicProgramme, presentations and broadcast on television, there are many types.
But Thai Music Programme has been popular with the audience constantly. Although
the occurrence of a change in the environment, economic, social, technological changes
in communications are fast and highly competitive. But Thai Folk Song Programmealso
engraved. Thailand also won the hearts of viewers across the country as well as it is.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
335
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
"Thai Folk Song"UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
is a precious cultural KRUNGTHEP
heritage of Thailand. Has evolved from
folk songs or country song that represents rural life. It will be an instrument of Western
instruments playing the same Message
way. Butfromthethe President
story of
is the author of the lyricsfrom a great
teacher, composer,Rajamangala University
arranger them. It also of Technology
reflects Krungthep
the unique culture that conveys the
characteristics of Thailand is widely and deeply.
A key element will not forget. That RMUTK makesaimsThai to
Folkbe Song
a creative
stand totechnology
present is
university
the singer with transcribing the songs in Asia. Thetheuniversity
are magnificent, has melodies
petition and accordingly to
listeners such SurapholSombatcharoen, PhumphuangDuangchan,YodrakSalakjai, of our personnel and
SayanSunya, etc. These singers areacademic
a great musiccurriculums
teachers that align towho
and masters international
are crucial
standards.
to the country music industry, Thailand. The We time have
is longalso
pastpromoted thesongs
it. Of these research
also
development,
engraved in the hearts of the audience does notthe academic
fade. ic services
Although with hearings
today watch creative
Thai Folk Songto change the style concepts,
of the and the preservation
original. of arts and
In the agricultural eraculture.
Thai Folk
Songpublishing over the radio that affectionatelyUnder thegovernment’s
known as Thailand vision
said.of"Transistor
Thailand
4.0 New
Radio" to step into the industrial age. that emphasizes
technologiesthehaveuse come
of technology,
up and causecreativity,
media
such as TV, CDs, and MP3etc. ThaiFolk Song Programmenever
and innovation disappeared
to foster national from the
development,
airwaves. Or disappear from TV prosperity
screens Entry andforms will only offer
sustainability, we items that are
are currently
different. Entry forms may be offered,
prepared but tothedevelop
music alone. It is characterized
the creative educationalbyand its
variety. However, interfere withlearningthe presentation
systems andof, ThaiFolk
to equip Songs.
students withBut one
the use
programmethat has been popularofand in the interest
innovative of theofaudience
technologies knowledge. and We create
havea
continuous stream. Raise the popularity
placed of the musiconcultivating
importance industry; Thailand is a country
accomplished and
of“Thai Folk Song Singing Contest” proficient graduatesfor the national development.
devel
Thai Folk Song Singing Contest It is synonymous with country music industry
throughout Thailand. Stage of the contest from the past to the present, has created a
singer who has adorned the music industry many generations. The contest early start
from the small stage of measuring the annual ceremony by various local countries
would be popular with President
the targetofaudience's attention
Rajamangala Universityof more ofand more, thereby
Technology causing
Krungthep
the contest entry. Thai Folk Song Singing Contest on the broadcast radio, TV-out,
respectively, in the first phase. The contest was held and broadcast on television, it
looks simple. A selected contestant on the tone of a musical is fully qualified as a Thai
folk singer. Without focusing on the appearance of entrants is crucial. The costumes
were beautiful with age-appropriate. The band will play liveby the decision of the
committee is final in order to select the winner of the contest that the Commission was
as qualified as the main Thaifolk Singing
In the early days of television, ThaiFolkSong Singing Contest.There are not
many It is very popular and has gained the attention of people across the country. At
present, some of which are still operating. The only change form and develop more
appropriate. Thai Folk Song Singing ContestProgrammeentries in early. When the
contest started to finish each season. The contest will focus on the most is the one. The
culmination of the year is called a diamond just one tablet. Thailand's military
decorations Music we will have the singer of the year is only present these singers. He
became a staff with the importance of the pastoral Thailand. The broadcast of the music
industry and a major force in the country to join Thailand's national heritage, cultural
heritage in the fields of Thai Folk Songs, Thailand. According to the present
When the pre-migration system of television in the country. From analog to
digital items,ThaiFolkSong Singing Contest Programme. He began to see some
changes. It is clear and evident it is more common in the age of digital television.
Which is full of competition, the higher the number the number of stations increased
several fold. Communications technology is changing rapidly. To make their entry in
3361dnalFebruary
Thailand
the flowPandEHTget GNtheURmost

K YG OLONBut
popular. HCEwhat T FO is Yproud
TISRand EVIpleased.
NU ALA GNA
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the JAR and
charm
uniqueness of Thai Folk Song. Easy access Real experience Visualize when hearing
music. It was also a Thai Folk fo tSong
nedisecatalog
rP eht Thailand's
morf egasspopularity
eM is not diminished.
Thai Folk Song inpemodern htgnurKtimes ceT fo ytiin
ygoloisnhpresented srethe
vinU alagofnaamsinging
form ajaR contest was
largely seen as a digital TV channel. There are an increasing number of
ygolonhThai
cet eFolk
vitaeSong
rc a Programmehas
eb ot smia KT UMR as well.
increased  Some stations are found this
ylgnhas
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ca sathan
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dna len2017entry
Contest nosrep ruothere fo tnareemnopoleless
ved than
eht n30 o dprogrammesand
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lanoitanreintnia format
presented ot ngilthata tavaries.
ht smuThe lucirstyle
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edaca the content viewing to a wide
hcraeser with
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etomorp oslaabout evahtheeW .sdraofdneach
history ats contestant. That life is a study
evitaeprofessional
with vres cimedaHave
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t ,tambition
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suffer.eror
utlustruggle
c dna strwith
a fo nhow
oitavtoreswriggle
erp eht dhastily.
na ,stpeA cnofamily
c the contest is a process or
dnaliahthat
method T fodiffers
noisivfroms’tnethe
mnroriginal.
evogeht SomerednUitems will be combined with a variety of
,ytivitcombined
games aerc ,ygolowith nhceat contest
fo esu eentry.
ht seziAdding
sahpmetotahthe t 0fun
.4 is a thrill to watch the audience
even
,tnemmore.
polevIedwant lanotoitancontinue
retsof to ot watch
noitavothenni track
dna and another is important. The
Commission
yltnerruc erdecision
a ew ,Commentator
ytilibaniatsus indnor a called
ytirepsout orpa comment on the song of each
contestant.So
dna lanoitacfuriously
ude evitathis erc is
ehat favorite
poleved ofotthe decrowd
raperp was tremendous. This is another
point
esu ewhere
ht htiweachstneitem
duts can
piuqbee oput
t dnina the
smeform
tsys gofninalmost
rael every item. Make a list of the
current
evah eup W several
.egdelwotimes.
nk foThe seigchanges
olonhcet are evitpart
avonofThai
ni fo Folk Song Singing Contest in
digital
dna dTV,ehsilitpmisoto
ccbe
a ganjudge
itavitluofcnthe
o econtest.
cnatropm Thei dshow
ecalp is open to the audience watching
at home. .tnCome
empoland evedvote
lanofor
itantheir
eht rfavorite
ofsetaudcompetitor.
arg tneicifoAnother
rp part is that we have seen
almost every show. But there is an interesting point of view, we have the original.Thai
Folk Song Singing ContestEach stage each year will be the only one. But in the era of
digital TV is not already. Each stage each year Thai Folk Song Industry is a jewel that
has been cut from the stage. ianDecorate
itiNtikuS.the rDmusic industry more like a star who does not
havepehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnthe
the same sky. Newcomers entering amajcountry
aR fo tnemusic
diserP industry, Thailand is
increasing.
However,Thai Folk Song Singing Contest. Currently, there are multiple
Variants a distinct difference in each side. In a presentation to the audience is different.
But there are still rules a rules based approach is no different stand on the standard of
Thai Folk Song. The result is that those items has helped to promote and preserve folk
song legend Thailand. National heritage to go on for a long time, for example.
Suk Wan DuanPhelng- A singing contest a remarkable broadcast on Monday –Friday,
Channel one (31)
Features of the contestants is that you can be anyone. Any gender and age I just
had a good rhythm, it just can not. The contestants must prepare a song of their own
aptitude, 20 songs each.Rule is if you are the nominee's song prepared to overthrow the
tournament. Then emerge as the champion if you choose music as the championship
was planned to combat and treat them to the championship throne.
The competition and prize money contestants will compete against each music
track. The winner of each round will be prize money respectively. If treatment is not
completed as a champion of change. The winner will receive a cash prize jackpot.
During the race, the championship race will be able to stop at any time. And prize
money as a reward. But then I decided to give the prize money, it will fall to the
guarantee.
The champion can use wizard has two options: 1.If the appeal does not ensure
good singers or Cheer Board. 2.The Board has decided the prize money guaranteed.
When you are confident that the competition will win the championship or not.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
337
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
Insurance UNIVERSITY
championship prize money can OF TECHNOLOGY
be accumulated. KRUNGTHEP
In case you lose this money
back home.
Competition in eachMessage fromofthe
the verdict thePresident of are final. For contestants
commentators
the most important addition to University
the prize money, lots of it. Krungthep
Also get the chance to be an
artist Grammy. Not only won only anyone showcases well. Everyone has the right to
single out.  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
The highlight of this showuniversity
is not just in Asia.contest
a song The university
on TV, buthas as aaccordingly
platform to
transform the lives of the contestants. One is the stage where the audience willand
focused on the development of our personnel be
introduced and touch the lives of theacademic curriculums
contestants. Because thisthatisalign
a gametoshowinternational
that uses
vocals fought in Thai Folk Songs withstandards. Weprize
quite high havemoney
also forpromoted the Itresearch
the winner. also has
advanced towards the camp of the development, the academic
Grammy's. In addition, ic services
producers with
are also creative
developing
concepts,
and innovating further to list a series of items.and the preservation of arts and culture.
Mik Thong KhumisThai Folk Song UnderSinging
ContestProgrammewhere the
producerintends to create programmeof4.0 that emphasizes
National Thai the
Folkuse of technology,
Singing Contest on creativity,
channel
Work Point (23) Saturday - Sunday. and innovation to foster national development,
The features of the contest is not and
prosperity limited to gender, age,
sustainability, we education
are currentlyand
occupation of default by the recruitment
preparedof to people fromthe
develop across the country
creative competed.
educational and
Divided into four sessions in each sector,
learning including
systems central,
and to equip eastern,
students northern and
with the use
southern regions by commentatorwill review andtechnologies
of innovative judge the qualifiers from each
of knowledge. Weregion
have
participated in singing competitions. Andimportance
placed compete again to find agents
oncultivating to competeand
accomplished in
the final round until a winner. The final round
proficient of the competition
graduatesfor the national will be singing along.
devel
development.
Song format given (to sing a slow song, fast song and new song) at the end of the
sing.Commentator will review the singers thepast shows. The home audience in both
the countries sending visitors via SMS to vote for the winner of that season.
MikThong Khum since season 1 to the current season 6has been very popular
due to a nationwide audience. For that reason, Programmeis
President of Rajamangala Universityof ofopen to contestants
Technology of all
Krungthep
ages, all professions, all classes in all areas across the country. Folk with heart and
talent in singing are welcome to join in the contest, contestants sing. Programmewas
also presented stories of the contestants as well. It is a forum that can make those
dreams come true as a folk singer. As a result, the popularity of the show has continued
until now. The productions of the same group were also increased.
Chum TangDao Tong- a type of folk singing contest varietyhas developed
from Chum Tang Siang Tong and Chum TangKhon Den. On aired every Thursday and
Friday at Bangkok Broadcasting &TV channel 7.
The format of the competition is divided into 3 follows the first generation
(Dao Ruang) age of 18 years.The second generations (DaoTong) aged 18 - 40 years and
the three generations. (Daolomphet), aged 40 years - no more than 100 years. The
contestants were judgedby the committee. The contestants each have a score of 100
points, divided into four sub : Sound 40 points, rhythmic 30 points, alphabetic character
20 points and performance 10 points total 100 points if the contestants are errors on any
topic. The committee decided to press the red button. The point’s deduction the home
audience will be able to see ratings of the screen. The contestant with the highest total
score. Each round will be the winner.
Contestants will receive prizes. Contestants on the show, everyone will get all
the vehicles. And prizes from sponsors, Winner of the weekly / monthly cycle of each
model to get the gold and get the bonus of opening. , Winning the finals of each model.
Will receive a trophy and a diamond pendant and release singles.The title of the
3381dnalFebruary
Thailand
champion PEbrings
HTGNtogether
URK YG OLwinners
the ONHCE ofTeach
FO Ytournament
TISREVINwinner U ALAinGN AMround.
this AJARWho
has won a major pickup for 1 car.
The special show isfoorganized tnediserParound eht mospecial
rf egasitems.
seM Many times on various
occasions, such aspefolk, htgnledurKby ygMiss
olonhGrand ytisrevinUthe
ceT fo Thailand, ala12
gnacontestants
majaR and joined
shows the famous Thaifolk Songs artist
ygolonhIn cetthis
eviexample
taerc a it ebisofound
t smiathat KTtheUMcontent
R of each item varies. But there are
ylgnito
ways dromanage
cca sah theytisfolk
revinsong
u ehT .aisA nlike
contests i ytThailand.
isrevinu The proposed approach allows
dna lennotosrwatch
audiences ep ruoeach
fo tnof.emThree
poleveprogrammeare
d eht no desuregarded
cof as a folk singing contest in
lanoitanrepopular
Thailand's tni ot ntypes
gila of tahviewers
t smuluare cirrunow.
c ciItmeisdanoteworthy
ca that although the list in
hcraeser steadily,
popularity eht detobutmorthep oproducers
sla evah have eW also .sdradtried
nats to develop a list of high quality.
evitengaging
And aerc htiwthe ivres cim
secaudience onedaacregular
a eht ,basis.
tnempItolwas
evedfound that during the brief period
during .er2017,
utluc deach
na stmodified
ra fo noitcontent
avreserptoehthet dgame
na ,stpthat
ecnoisc inserted in the list several times.
2,.yConclusion
yltnerruDigital
c era TV ew broadcast
,ytilibaniafortsussomednatime ytirof
epsthe
orp various items produced at each
station.
dna lanAnd oitaccreated
ude evaitalotercofehThai
t polFolk
eved Songot deSinging
raperp Contest is currently one of the
creative
esu ehtcontent
htiw stnofedthe
uts different
piuqe ot treatments.
dna smetsyWe s gnmet
inraewith
l the novelty of the model that
have
evahgoodeW content.
.egdelwoThere
nk fo isseaigostory
lonhcthat
et einvites
vitavonvisitors
ni fo to make the list, followed by
insertion
dna dehsof ilpmcontest
occa gnThailand
itavitlucnocolorful
ecnatropdigital
mi decmusic
alp increased. Among the high
competition
.tnemin pothe
levemusic
d lanobusiness
itan eht roitself.
fsetauBusiness
darg tneimedia
ciforp itself but the popularity of this
type of contest capabilities are increased. Therefore, it is not a barrier to preserve folk
song legend Thailand last stage singing contest. This type of transaction has increased
several foldswith the emergence of new forms regularly. For the benefit of the audience.
Of course, be happy Haveiathe nitioption
NtikuSof .rDwatching
 it as well. The key is to unwind and
enjoy
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fao tresult,
the melody of folk songs, Thailand fully. As nediserall
P related to the music
industry in Thailand, folk and TV producers have benefited in many aspects. Make a
progressive growth in sales. Resulting in the creation of folk music that Thailand has
more of a songwriter, musician, and arranger. Followed by upcoming singer's new star
decorations. Meanwhile, the older singers have the opportunity to present its famous
work was new for us to listen to each other. To promoting cultural heritage of Thailand.
From generation to generation through folk songs with Thailand in the blood and heart.
Tendency of folk singing contest Thailand's our way digital TV in the future.
To have model to follow. Interesting indeed and would have competed higher than at
present. As people who love and enchanted Thai Folk Song .I wish to see a prosperous,
progressive, Thai Folk Song, will win the hearts of Siamese and step into the world to
proclaim the dignity strengthen the culture of Thailand to the world. The producers
want to maintain the standard. By adhering to the core and use the correct
Thailanguage.Coupled with singing that was the main way. Also, be creative contest
entries up in the folk composers Thailand. This may be done concurrently with the
singing contest; it will add variety to the programme. The government and private
sectors co-sponsored contest to promote the continuing serious.In the future, there
should be an agency or organization that has provided a neutral and gathers as one of
the year's Thai Folk Song Industry as well as system and standards are recognized to be
a pretty good thing. That may have been the catalyst and driving Thai Folk Song
willsboomandenergetic show to the world to get to knowand have been sentimentality
the lifestyle of Thailand, beauty of Thai Folk Song through Thai Folk Song Singing
Contest
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
339
Thailand15

3. References
[1] Message from

Bunloet Kachayuthdet. the President
(2017). of
Piboon Buthkhununfortunate folk
Rajamangala
composers, University Pro
the completed. of Technology Krungthep
BKK company.Bangkok.
[2] Waeng Phalungwan. (2002). Isan folk. Rueanpanya publishing.
Bangkok.  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
[3] Wirot Trakranvijit.university in Asia.
(2017). Grow TheBrain
Your university has accordingly
with Music publishers.
focused
DMG publishing.Bangkok. on the development of our personnel and
[4] academic
www.gotoknow.orgaccess curriculums
on December that align to international
20, 2017
[5] standards. Weon have
www.okanation.nationtv.tvaccess also 20,
December promoted
2017 the research
[6] development, the academic
www.facebook.com/chumtangdaotongaccesson icDecember
services 20,
with creative
2017
[7] concepts, and the preservation
www.facebook.com/Goldenmictvaccess on December of arts
20, and
2017culture.
[8] www.facebook.com/one.wdpUnder thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
devel
3401dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNCreativity
Innovation URK YGO ofLthe
ONcensorship
HCET FO film Y TI StoRfilm
EVIN U ALAG
industry NAMAJAR
development
in Thailand 4.0
pehtgnurK yNaisara T fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
golonhceKullavanijaya
Stamford International University
ygolonhcet evitaerc a Naisara.kullavanijaya@stamford.edu
hcraeserSince eht "movie"
detomorhas p obecome
sla evahoneeW .sdmasters
of the radnats of the Siamese countries. It is a
evitsocial
new aerc hmediatiw secisivnot cimeonly
res just dacaforehtentertainment,
,tnempolevedbut the film also plays important
roles.einrumany
tluc dnaspects
a stra fsuch
o noitasavoffering
reserp ehnews
t dna and
,stpegeneral
cnoc public recognize the important
dnaliaof
events hTthefo country.
noisiv s’The
tnemeducation
nrevogehtcan redmake
nU difficult becomes easy to understand it
,ytivitas
deeply aerwell
c ,ygasolothe
nhcvalues
et fo eofsu individuals
eht sezisahpandme society.
taht 0.4
,tnempoAs levarts
ed and
lanotechniques
itan retsoftoocreate
t noitandavonpresent
ni dnathe film has a special feature that
can
yltncreate
erruc emotions
era ew to ,ytithe
libanaudience
iatsus dnwas a yvery
tirepsamenable
orp to development the film
industry
dna lanin oitaThailand
cude evito taereach
rc ehtthe potarget
leved of ot Thailand
deraperp 4.0 was the first factor is Film
Rating
esu ehof t htthe
iw sAct
tnedmust
uts pibeuqemodified
ot dna sm film
etsyand
s gnivideo
nrael 2011. In order to comply with
section
evah econtext
W .egdeoflwaoglobal
nk fo ssociety
eigolonand
hcetacceptable
evitavonnto i fall
o parties who are involved in the
film
dnaindustry
dehsilpincluding
mocca gngovernment,
itavitlucno eindustry
cnatropmand i dethe
calpublic
p sector
Keyword .tne:mFilm
polevRating,
ed lanoFilm
itan eIndustry,
ht rofsetacensorship,
udarg tneicThailand
iforp 4.0
1. Introduction
In the reign of King

ianitiRama
NtikuSVI.rD(King
 Rama 6), the film received widespread
international
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaRThe
attention and capitalists very much. fo tnimport
ediserPof foreign films a lot
employed a modification of the movie theatre into a theatre stage instead. The stage
began declining reputation as the transitional period and the survival of the business.
Thailand's first filmed in the whole matter is that Suvarna Of Siam : a dumb
film, eight-reel, which used the show as a whole Thailand. The creation of Universal
Studios Hollywood Ltd. Mr. Henry Alexander Mac Rae is a producer and director. The
premiere on June 22, 1923, at the Pattanakron Theater. Which is a subsidiary of Siam
Cinema Niramai. Since that is the beginning of the film industry of Thailand. During
the filming of the news. "The shooting death by cut-throat at Chiangmai because the
hero is almost a death sentence for slander. But it keeps coming up: "When the news
spread. The government has set up a committee to consider pre-screened. And ordered
the scene cut out executions. The first film, this is the reason leading to the control
mechanism of the movie at a later time.
The government has recognized the importance of the film. Is to entertain the
public as well. The concept of knowledge transfer to the public, both directly and
indirectly. It is a double-edged sword if you leave a film or shoot freely without
supervision strictly and concise. It may be a filmmaker or film culture, something that is
contrary to the cultural heritage of Thailand's projection, western culture, including
sexually explicit to the point of obscenity. Presenting the story of violence, murder,
revenge against the peace of the country. Incitement to disobey owners apostle
politically undesirable and so on.
The government has adopted the Act on Film, B.E. 1930 is the first issue. For
that reason, the film is the media's influence over the audience, as in the era of
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
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341
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
ChomPhon. PhibulsongkramUNIVERSITY
have embraced OF TECHNOLOGY
the concept of theKRUNGTHEP anti-Communist US
visitors. Causing rigorous in all its forms. In particular, the film which he criticized the
Message as
government, it is being speculated from the President
a film, He NamedofKan (1973) Chatri Chalerm
Rajamangala
Yukol of His Serene University
Highness was invited of to Technology
clarify the Chom Krungthep
Phon Kittikachorn Prime
Minister at that time. Whether intended or not destabilize the state. Virgin Market
(1973) Charuchinda's a good idea,  HotelsRMUTK Goddess aims(1974), to the
be scene
a creative
of the technology
incident on
October14, 1973 after the publicuniversity
aware ofin theirAsia.rights
The university
and freedoms. has accordingly
The media
response to the film was the socialfocused
atmosphereon the as development
well. By reflectingof ourfilmpersonnel
on Freedom and
academic
sex fully, including film market Virgins (1973)curriculums
and Angel Hotel that (1974).
The growth of technology,standards.
media andWe have also
underwent promoted
difficult the and
to control research
more
has been enacted. "Business Actdevelopment, the academic
BE 2530 television ic services
tapes with creative
and materials" which
includes VCD, DVD player, videoconcepts,
games, laserand the preservation
discs and CD-ROM of arts and culture.
as well. Under the
statement of the Deputy Minister of Culture Under thegovernment’s
at that vision ofpermission
time, at that. "Despite Thailand
from the Division of sensors to be 4.0 published.
that emphasizes
You alsothe use
haveof the
technology,
right to creativity,
jail If the
complainant until the court case is andthatinnovation
the imagestoappear fosteras national
pornography under the
development,
Criminal Code, "As a result, operators need toand
prosperity film. sustainability,
"Self-censorship" we(Self-censorship)
are currently
and I dreaded the law. In addition,prepared
the sensors will reflect
to develop thethe atmosphere
creative of the time
educational and
then. In times past, we have seen the sensors
learning in various
systems and toforms
equipsuch as orders
students withto the
change
use
the title, including ArjarnYai(2006), a memorial
of innovative to shoot some
technologies new scenesWe
of knowledge. include
have
Angulimala(2003). Mak Kick Return's placed(2006) warning,
importance including the
oncultivating judgment of and
accomplished the
ocean Invisible Waves (2006) inproficient
the smoke, Mercury Man
graduatesfor (2006) on
the national the set of playing
devel
development.
cardscut some scenes out such great affection Blissfully Your (2002) cut love scenes of
couples, the elderly, the cause condensation claims editing systems, sensors, and
criticized the whole year 2007 the film industry in Thailand. But it is also ineffective.
The Tin on March 5, 2008 has been adopted.Dr.SukitNitinai
Film and Video Act, B.E. 2008 is the
latest edition. The overall content Government continues
President of Rajamangala Universityof to provide power He
of Technology managed
Krungthep
to control the media, not unlike the film. The. The. The. The original film has been used
since 1930, the Office of the National Culture Council is responsible for determining
the type of audience (Film Rating) The film will be released in the United States. All
films will be screened, and that must be the type of audience. The age of the audience's
criteria. They are divided into 7 groups: the movies that promote learning and should be
encouraged to look at, films suitable for general audiences, films suitable for audiences
aged 13 and over, films suitable for the age group 15years, films suitable for ages 18
and up, the film was banned under the age of 20 years and see the film banned in the
Kingdom of Thailand.
The suit says the policy with the commitment of Prime Minister Gen. Prayut
Chan-o-cha that "to take the country into a modelThailand 4.0 is to adjust the economic
structure. To the economy driven by innovation (Value-Based Economy), that is, at
present, we are stuck in a model economy "do very little" we want to change it to "do a
little more," that means driving the. changes in at least three key dimensions: 1. shift
from manufacturing "commodity" products oriented toward "innovation" 2. change
driven from the country by the industrial sector. To technology-driven Creativity and
innovation 3. Change the emphasis from manufacturing goods. To focus more service
sector.
The point made by the Cabinet's approval. Ministry of Culture proposed
Promote strategic industries, film and video, stage 3 Year (2017-2021), which has
already done two phases: Phase 1 of the (2009-2011) and the second phase from 2012 to
2016 to promote. film and video industry And pushing the film and video industry in
3421dnalFebruary
Thailand
ThailandPEisHaTmajor GNURindustry.
K YGOL InOthe
NHeconomic
C E T FO Y TISsocial
and REVIdevelopment
NU ALAGNof AM AJcountry,
the AR
Phase 3 will focus on strengthening the competitiveness of industry, film and videotape
of the following objectives: 1.fototnguide ediseindustrial
rP eht mofilmsrf egand
assevideos
M of Thailand to have a
direction. 2. develop pehclear
tgnugoals
rK ygand olonThailand
hceT fo to ytibecome
srevinUthe alagindustrial
namajaRhub of film and
videotape 3. ASEAN as much. The film and video industry in the global film industry
ygo4.
and lonThehcetvideo
evitaisercmonetized
a eb ot economy
smia KTU 5.Mcreative
R social
 relations and create a good
ylgnidofrothe
image ccacountry.
sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
dnaessence
The lennosreofp the ruo strategy
fo tnemto polpromote
eved ehtthe no film
desuindustry
cof and video Phase 3 to 5 as
follows.
hcraeser e1.htThe detodevelopment
morp osla eof vahtheeWfilm .sdrindustry
adnats in Thailand and videos into
evitaerc htidevelopment,
professional w secivres cisuch medaascafilmeht and
,tnevideo.
mpolevPartnerships
ed and academic careers in
.erutvideo
film and luc dnindustry.
dnaliahT f2. o Promotion
noisiv s’tneand mnrmarket
evogehtdevelopment,
rednU film and video, such as Thailand,
,ytivitaeand
promote rc ,ymarket
golonhdevelopment,
cet fo esu eht filmsezisand
ahpm e tahtboth
video, 0.4 domestically and abroad.
,tnempolev3.edPromote lanoitaandn rprotect
etsof othet nintellectual
oitavonni property
dna protection of film and video,
such
yltneasrrulaw
c eenforcement
ra ew ,ytiland ibanlaw.
iatsuTo
s dprevent
na ytirandepsocrack
rp down on intellectual property
violations.
dna lanoiConscious
tacude evitconsumers
aerc eht pto olesupport
ved ot the derafilm
perpand video are copyright by law.
Preparation
esu eht htiof w measures
stneduts pand iuqeregulations
ot dna smrelated
etsys gtoninstore
rael all the appropriate and correct.
evah eW .4. egTo
delwpromote
onk fo scooperation
eigolonhcet einvitainternational
vonni fo investment. Business filmed
overseas
dna dehsin ilpm Thailand,
occa gnitahas vitlupromoted
cno ecnatrothe pmifilm
decaandlp video production to create
international.
.tnempEncouraging
oleved lanoitforeign
an eht rofilm
fsetaand
udavideo
rg tneproduction
iciforp in Thailand.
5. To develop the capacity of the industry, film and video, such as
restructuring and management roles. Government agencies Database development, film
and video.
The Strategic Phase ianit3iNistikthe
uS.rprimary
D agency responsible for integration and
cooperation.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaMinistry
Including the Ministry of Culture R fo tnedofiserCommerce
P Ministry of
Tourism and Sports Ministry of Information and Communication And the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs However, data from the industry Film and Videotape Phase 1 and Phase
2 was a huge success in 2009 with the economic value of the industry. (Excluding
revenue from the business environment) 56,168 Million Baht 2011 increased to 77,512
million baht or 38 percent and in 2014 by the Confederation of Associations National
Film had net income of film and video in the United States. in general, the business is
worth around 57. 700 million baht and the results of a survey of electronic commerce.
The Office of Electronic Transactions (ITD) had net income of film and video.
(Including music, movies, online games business. Services related to electronic books
(E-books) and apps lengthof about 342,300 million baht worth of video and film
industry in 2014, about 400,000 million baht.
In the film and video industry of Thailand. Is being developed to become the
industrial hub of film and videotape ASEAN.And a film and video major market in the
world and is used as a tool to make money in the economy. society Public relations and
create a good image of the country. But in practice Or the fact that Thailand's film
industry and Webcast Has restricted Freedom Presentation By Film and Video Act B.E.
2008 and the National Culture Commission is responsible for determining the type of
audience (Film Rating), which also makes this a movie that Thailand is classified. "Do
not be screened in the country" but to win so many in the world 1. Tongpan semi-
documentary film to be released in 1976 depicting peasant life in the East has been
affected by the dam project dam the Mekong giant. Which, when completed, will result
in most areas of the northeastern provinces. And some of the country submerged.2. My
February
International
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University
University
& Cultures in
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343
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
Teacher UNIVERSITY
Eats Biscuits- comedy OF TECHNOLOGY
movie scheduled for 1997, directed KRUNGTHEP
by Saman Rat peace
KanVanichvoranun I told People are strange cult worship dogs. The film is an insult to
Buddhism. When the sensorMessagethen. Dofrom the President
not allow projectionofincluding a ban on publishing
Rajamangala
a movie with a Century University
3. Syndromes and of Technology
a Centuryto be Krungthep
released in 2007, directed by
Apichatpong beaching Sethakul woman told doctors in rural hospitals. And a young
military doctor in a hospital in  the city.RMUTKInfluencedaims by theto be a creative
father and mother technology
of four
directors.4. Shakespeare Must Dieuniversity
outside theinfilm Asia.to The university
be released has accordingly
in 2012, directed by
Saman Rat peace Kan'sVanichvoranun focused adaptations
on the development
of plays oftragedy
our personnel
Macbeth.and Of
Shakespeare's Use nested narrativeacademic
drama series. curriculums
Divided into thattwoalign
parts:totheinternational
theater and
the world talks about a nobleman who standards.
fell to theWeking.
have Andalso promotedhimself
establishing the research
as king.
But the fixation on power you need development,
to kill myself. theTheacademic
Film ic services
Review BoardwithThecreative
reason
concepts,
for the ban with content that contributes to theand the preservation
unity of the nation.ofIt arts
is anand culture.
allusion to the
events of October 6, 1976 and in April 2009 Underunrest.
thegovernment’s
5. Insects in vision of Thailand
the Backyardfilms
reflecting social problems, scheduled 4.0 that
foremphasizes
2010, directedthe useby of technology,
Tanya creativity,
baby Warin said
KaPisit tell the world of the third sex,
and girls crazy world
innovation to offoster
fashion. And thedevelopment,
national world of 15-
year-old boy addicted to cyber sex and masturbation.
prosperity The Film Review
and sustainability, we are Board The
currently
reason for the ban Contrary to public morality.
prepared And somethescenes
to develop are depictions
creative educational of sex,
and
homosexuality and prostitution. 6.Dao Khanong
learning systems (ByandThe to Time
equipItstudents
Gets Dark),
with directed
the use
by anochasuwichakornpong which of the film is technologies
innovative representativeofofknowledge.
Thailand, We who have
was
nominated for an Academy Award.placed Foreignimportance
Language Film of the Year
oncultivating 2017
accomplished and
It is to be noted that the film was
proficient banned intheThailand.
graduatesfor national Often
devel be identified
development.
Contrary to good morals Including some scenes related to political events. For the most
part If Thailand It is the center of the film industry of ASEAN. We must be open
Adopting a new screening and screening of the good things to the public in order to not
disadvantage internationally. As well as to media literacy The one thing that the sensor
may be forgetting is that even if the film is classified
President of Rajamangala Universityof as oneoforTechnology
the media. Krungthep
But movies
are unique, that is the first: to reach the target audience. In other words, The goal must
be to come before the media. Exposure to the target groups; thesecond: to pay to get the
message from the media is required to pay for a movie ticket. The film is The audience
then it is not worth the money, it's not going to see the film. The third: film is
considered an art. Because it combines several art forms together, so the film can shape
the emotions of viewers. The event was presented to the audience pondering. It is a
reminder of daily living. Without an oppressed people, but people see the wisdom in the
decision. Finally,A reflection of society Some movies have served as spokesperson for
the minority in society. At present, in fact, releases a large group of people get to know
it.
If you want to bring Thailand's film industry development in Thailand to reach
the target of 4.0must be cooperation from all sectors is composed of three major parts,
ie the general industry standards. And the public sector in the first thing to do is to
change. Film and Video Act in B.E. 2551, "the ratings of the films" (Film Rating),
which also overlap with the ratings of the film. In particular, the median age of the
audience. For example, the division of films suitable for ages 13 and up to 15 years if
the development of children in this group are very similar. Expedient to unite as one and
the same. For the rating of films banned in the Kingdom of Thailand, it should be
canceled because it has already been classified on the basis of age.
3441dnalFebruary
Thailand

2. Conclusion
However, regardless fof o tthe

nedcontent
iserP ehthat t mowould
rf egabe sseinappropriate.
M Do not forget
that the movie media, pehandtgnumore
rK ygspecifically
olonhceT fto o ythe
tisrhigh
evincost
U alaofgnmedia
amajaexposure
R already.
It held that the self-regulation of the media to a certain extent before it is published. The
ygolonhrefers
industry cet evto itaeentrepreneurs
rc a eb ot sand mia business
KTUMRowners. It must take into account how
ylgncontent
their idrocca issaah boon ytisretovinmankind
u ehT .aand isA ethical,
ni ytisras eviwell
nu as encouraging the audience to
d n a le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le ve d
understand the core content that needs to be communicated e h t n o d e s u c of accurately to prevent
lanoitanretni oerrors
communication t ngias la the
tahmedia
t smureflect
lucirrucsocialcimeproblems.
daca
hcraeserThe ehgovernment
t detomorp and oslapublic
evahawareness
eW .sdrafor dnathets public sector must be cognizant
ofevithe
taercperception
htiw secivof res thecimemedia.
daca ehReasonably
t ,tnempolevreliable ed source of information is
.erutluc dand
unacceptable na scontrols
tra fo noithe tavrmovie
eserp eitself
ht dnadecisions
,stpecnocby consumers behaviorally. If the
dnaliadoes
movie hT fwell
o noipresented.
siv s’tnemPeoplenrevogwill eht rnot
ednseeU but if it is word of mouth or other media
to,ysee
tivitinaerthe
c ,ymedia.Using
golonhcet fo aessystem u eht seofzisratings
ahpme to tahcontrol
t 0.4 the movie it is not the duty of
the
,tneauthorities
mpoleved oflaany noitaonen reagency
tsof obut t noifitthe
avoncoalition
ni dna modified to suit the social and
innovation.
yltnerruc Thailand's
era ew ,film ytilibindustry
aniatsuswill dnbea able
ytiretopsreach
orp the world stage and is centered
ASEAN
dna lanas oithoped
acude inevThailand,
itaerc eh4.0 t pogracefully.
leved ot deraperp
3.evReferences
ah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
.tn[1]
empoKanawatCharoenhirun.
leved lanoitan eht rofse(2008). taudarg tProblems
neiciforp of movie classification under
the Act on Film and Video 2008.www.ptu.ac.th access on December 20,
2017
[2] Ministryof Culture. (2017). Movie and Video Act of 2008.
[3] www.1 culture.go.th,ianitiNtikuaccess
S.rD on December 20, 2017.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnaccess
[4] www.isranews.org/isranews, amajaon R fDecember
o tnediserP20, 2017.
[5] www.th.m.wikipedia.org, access on December 20, 2017.
February
International
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& Cultures in
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345
Thailand15
Weaving Cultural heritageOF
is aTECHNOLOGY
treasure of Thai KRUNGTHEP
wisdom
Message from the

Thanasin President of
Janthadech
Stamford of Technology
International University Krungthep
Thanasin.janthadech@stamford.edu
university
Abstractin Asia. The university has accordingly
academic
Intangible cultural heritage curriculums
is a practice that align knowledge,
of expression, to international
skill,
standards.
artifacts, and cultural areas associated We have
with them, whichalso the promoted
community,theor research
in some
cases, the individual recognizes asdevelopment, the academic
part of their cultural ic services
heritage. with creative
The cultural heritage
concepts,
inherited from generation to generation andcommunities,
is what the preservation of arts
people and consistently
create culture.
in response to their environment, their interactions with nature and vision
their of Thailand
history and
make them proud of themselves, and 4.0 that emphasizes
the sense the use contributes
of continuity of technology, creativity,
to respect for
cultural diversity and human creativity.
Karen woven refers to the weaving of
prosperity andThai Karen community
sustainability, we are in Ratchaburi
currently
culture area. Na M Na Muen Si Woven preparedis tohand woventhe
develop withcreative
a technique to keep and
educational the
heddle. Thai Woven Heritage of Cultural
learningWisdom
systemsItandis a to
must to accept
equip students thewith
community.
the use
Tai Krang or Lao Krang is a group of peopletechnologies
of innovative migrating from the left bank
of knowledge. Weofhave
the
Mekong River. Taiyuan weaving isplaced a cultural heritage oncultivating
importance of the Taiyuanaccomplished
yonok. Tai Phuan and
is an ethnic group whose ancestors descended
proficient from the
graduatesfor thenational
town of Phuan who had
devel
development.
originally settled in the city of XiengKhouang.
Key word: Karen woven, Na Muen Si Woven, Thai Woven, Tai Krang, Taiyuan, Tai
Phuan
1. Introduction President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
1. Karen woven
Karen woven fabric refers to the weaving of Thai Karen community in the
Ratchaburi culture area, with a unique weaving process with a few waists weaving to sit
on the floor legs straight ahead. Tie wraps to the back teeth with your finger or a small
bamboo yarn put up sheets and wood hammer yarn tightly.
Karen fabric is important and valuable to society as a legacy of artistic folk
wisdom Karen Thailand that reflects the culture and civilization of a people and the
local textile Karen dress would indicate social status display. Thequalifications and
ethical conduct of the wearer, coupled with the beautiful patterned fabrics Karen are
important and valuable. Significant social Folk art was inherited wisdom Karen
Thailand that reflects the culture and civilization of a people and local authorities.
Karen is woven dress would indicate social status shows qualifications and ethical
conduct of the wearer, coupled with the beauty of the pattern.
Currently, there are encouraged to bring fabric for use in areas such as
adoption of a tradition to eat rice wrap. Encouraging the development of a professional
to make money. And promote the heritage of knowledge to the community, current
circumstances Woven Karen has been affected by social change and culture is a
shortage of weavers Karen new version because the material most often older women
started a number diminished krang the inherited knowledge to lose top of use and
became a symbol of the Karen people.
3461dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHThe TGN URKofYG

krang OLONHC
continuity ETaFkrang
and O YTIof SRcreativity
EVINU AinLA GNdevelopment
the AMAJAR of
textile fabrics for the reasons mentioned above, it is essential to the conservation of
wisdom woven Karen and fseek o tned toiseprevent
rP eht m orf edeterioration.
their gasseM The woven Karen
valuable cultural pvalues ehtgnuthatrK ycharacterize
golonhceT fothe ytislocal
revinU alagnaWith
beauty. majaRthe wisdom of
innovative and value in the economy to promote local job creation, it is a heritage that
ygolonbe
should hcpreserved.
et evitaercMoreover,
a eb ot to smremain
ia KTU MRtheir children
with  of Karen next.
ylgnidro2.ccNaMuen
a sah ytiSi sreWoven
vinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
dna lennosHand rep ruwoven
o fo tnwithempaoletechnique
ved eht nto o keep
desucthe
of heddle. (Creating warp) woven
lanoaitapattern
with nretni raised
ot ngito la complement
taht smulucthe irruline's
c cimspecial
edaca a woven pattern with the same
hcraesertechniques
weaving eht detom orp inosthe
"kit" la East,
evah but eWin .the
sdrasouth
dnats to the fabric with a raised heddle
allevlocally
itaerc as hti"wPhaYok imedacin
secivre"s acsource a the
eht village
,tnempof oleNa
vedMuen Si, Na Yong, Trang.
.erutlucNa dnMuen
a stra fSi
o nweaving
oitavrestraditional
erp eht dnathree,stpecategories:
cnoc
dnaliahT fo n1)oipatterned
siv s’tnemloincloth
nrevogehRatchawat
t rednU woven pattern Ratchawat raised in the
,ytivitaof
middle ercthe,ygcanvases.
olonhcet There
fo esuwas
eht asestriped
zisahpm e tahcloth
head t 0.42 above.
,tnempoleved2)lThe anoitfabric
an retis sofusually
ot nocovered
itavonniwith dnaa striped pattern, a lotus flower
pattern,
yltnerruacphoto era cat
ewand,yatibird.
libaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
dna lanoitacu3)dePan eviChang
taerc efabric
ht poislevwoven
ed ot fabric,
derapelong
rp prepared. Used at the funerals
ofestheir
u ehtown.htiwThese
stnedutarps
ts piudraped
qe ot dcoffin
na smon etsythe
s glink
ninrato
el the thread pattern certain pattern
ofevwoven
ah eWNa.egMuen delwoSinkrepresents.
fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
dna dehsilThe pmocultural
cca gnitlinks
avitluwith
cno ethecnaroyal
tropmcourt
i decaoflp Siam and maritime trade routes.
But the.tncolors
empoleofvethe d lanancient
oitan ehcloth
t rofseshow.
taudarImagine
g tneicifobeing
rp created with a local color
scheme.
3. Thai Woven
Heritage of Cultural Wisdom It is a must to accept the community.
Especially traditional indigenous ianitiNtikcommunities
uS.rD and individuals. It plays an important
rolepehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR foWeaving
in preserving and creating new cultural heritage. tnediserPand design patterns of
Thai people. It is a wisdom that the Thai community needs to register for the protection
of cultural heritage.
Today, we can see the cultural heritage of wisdom. Weaving and fabric
design of Thai people in Thailand. In the style of high fashion clothing, especially
"Praewa" that applied the design to use in the garment for the people in the city. This is
a cultural outsider and non-native cultures did not inherit the culture and tradition of
cloth.
The values and meanings recorded in the fabric pattern. The study of the
literature related to weaving and the design of the Thai fabric is nowadays more
commonly known as "pattern".In the knowledge that is "Value and meaning" and
"cultural production process" are very limited. Books produced locally at the provincial
or district level also focus on Praewa fabric to general people know. Weaving and fabric
design of Thai people in Thailand. While the truth is that Thai people have a rich and
subtle wisdom inherent in various types of woven fabrics.
4. TaiKrang Woven
Tai Krang or Lao Krang is a group of people migrating from the left bank of
the Mekong River. Settlers in Thailand, UthaiThani, Chainat, SuphanBuri,
NakhonSawan, Phichit, KamphaengPhet, NakhonPathom and assumed that the
migration from Thonburi period. However, the migration of migrants of the major Tai
Khoi occurred in 1828 during the reign of King Rama III of Rattanakosin in the
rebellion Chao Anuwong.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
347
Thailand15
Tai Krang culture is called LaoOF TECHNOLOGY
Krang or Lao Viang KRUNGTHEP
or Lao Ka. In the past,
the same group of ancestors could be observed in the everyday culture of women's
clothing and daily use textiles.
Rajamangala
“ LaoKrang” University
have two of Technology
assumptions is Krungthep
1. It is called the people who live in the mountains of Phu Kang, Laos
2. It is called the people who RMUTK
feed theaims to be toa use
krangquer creative technology
for dyeing.
university
Lao Vieng refers to a group in Asia.
of ancestors The university
migrating has accordingly
from Vientiane, Laos.
Lao Ka means Lao Vieng group that speaks like a crow, Lao Ka is another personnel and
insult that the people do not accept.academic curriculums that align to international
Tai krang weaving is the standards.
product of We the have alsocreation
weaver's promoted the research
by knowledge and
wisdom that have been passed down development,
from theirthe academic
ancestors ic services
over with creativeIt
many generations.
shows the identity of the ethnic concepts,
group,and historical
the preservation
valuesof are
arts and culture.
proud of the
community.TaiKrang weaving is unique, aesthetic Under thegovernment’s
value, a culturalvision
contextof that
Thailand
lurks
knowledge and wisdom of a historical 4.0 thatstory
emphasizes the use the
that expresses of technology,
identity of creativity,
the ethnic
group. The cultural heritage of Taiand Krang weaving to
innovation is not only national
foster the legacydevelopment,
of TaiKrang
ethnic group, but also the propertyprosperity
and heritageand of thesustainability,
nation and the we cultural
are heritage
currentlyof
the world that everyone should cherish.prepared to develop the creative educational and
At present, there is a shortage
learningofsystems
teachersand whoto convey the wisdom
equip students withofthe
textile
use
in the culture of Tai Krang. as weavers, who have
of innovative knowledge
technologies of of aging andWe
knowledge. death
haveto
many. The descendants who have placed inherited the wisdom
importance of the textileaccomplished
oncultivating are less, thusand the
krang of teachers who convey the wisdomgraduatesfor
proficient of textiles, thewhich risk the
national develloss of heritage
development.
wisdom in the textile field.
5. Taiyuan Woven
Taiyuan weaving is a cultural heritage of the Taiyuan yonok, ChiangSaen is
a tribal work that reflects on the identity of ethnic and origin that has been inherited
from ancestors according to the records in the history
President of Rajamangala Universityof of Thailand, which discusses
migration to live in local, because of the war.
At present, there are settlements of Taiyuan Yonok Chiang Saen who
migrated from the original settlement to the districts of Thailand, which is found in 8
provinces, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phrae, Uttaradit, Nan, Ratchaburi, Saraburiand
Nakhonratchasima.
Tai Yuan is woven crafts traditional forms of intangible cultural heritage of
Thailand that has been passed down from ancestors from generation to generation to the
present looks unique and specialthat there are processes in the manufacture of various
types of knitwear with delicate, beautifully fineboth the use of colorand the elegance of
the elaborate pattern that expresses the identity of Taiyuan Yonok Chiang Saen in
various dimensions as well.The way of life, beliefs, tradition and culture of their latent
Apocalypse teachings that have been passed out to see the pattern on the fabric for
hundreds of years.
6. TaiPuan Woven Tai Phuan is an ethnic group whose ancestors descended
from the town of Phuan who had originally settled in the city of XiengKhouang, north
of LuangPrabang. Lao People's Democratic Republic
The Phun family migrated to settle in Thailand about 200 years ago and
distributed to many provinces in the region of Thailand, which will be found in the
districts of Lopburi, Saraburi, Nakhonnayok , Pathumthani , Prachinburi ,
Chachoengsao , Singburi , Suphanburi, Petchaburi ,Ratchaburi , Phichit , Phrae , Nan ,
Sukhothai , Uttaradit , Phetchabun , Nongkhai,Udonthani, Nakhonsawan ,Phitsanulok
and Loei.
3481dnalFebruary
5 iahT ,imuhbanravuS ygolonhceT fo ytisrevInternational
alagnamConference
ajaR 8102 ,7on1-Arts
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala UniversityinofU Technology Suvarnabhumi,51 yr&auCultures
rbeF
Thailand
in Creative Economy
PTai
EHPuan
TGNU RK YGis
weaving OLtheONwisdom
HCET F O YTISR
inherited byEV theINTai
U APuan
LAGpeople.
NAMAJFromAR
generation to generation, there are unique and unique characteristics, that is, the process
of production and methods. Thefobeautifully tnediserP patterned
eht morf ,The egasscolorful,
eM eye-catching and
delicate patterns of the peh tgnurK process,
Mudmee eT fo ytisrthe
ygolonhccombining evinlines,
U alaKhid,
gnamaand
jaRthe coloring
are all true to the uniqueness of Tai Puan fabric.
y l g n
2. Conclusioni d r o cc a sa h y t i sr e v i n u e hT .a i sA n i y t i sre v i n u
lanoAt itanpresent,
retni ot weaving
ngila tain ht the
smcommunity
ulucirruc ciismeindacritical ca decline, with the risk of
hcraeseloss
succession r ehfrom
t dethe
tomweaver's
orp oslasuccessors
evah eWin .the sdracommunity
dnats into the old age, and the
evitaerc hof
abandonment tiwthis vres cimeprofession
seciweaving daca eht ,in tnem poleved with modern science and
conjunction
technology. .erutTheluc dnew
na stgeneration
ra fo noitavof resknitting
erp eht dmachines
na ,stpecnproducedoc in the factory system is
dnaliaexpanding
gradually hT fo noisinto iv s’the tnem nrevogeht which
community, rednU replaces traditional weavingMoreover,
there,yistivailack
taercof,ygmanagement
olonhcet fo esystem su eht and
sezisknowledge.
ahpme taht 0.4
,tnem Thepolegovernment
ved lanoitanagencies retsof haveot nonot itavoprovided
nni dna regular support and lack of
continuous
yltnerrurehabilitation.
c era ew ,ySome tilibancommunities
iatsus dna have ytirepabandoned
sorp the traditional weaving
method
dna turning
lanoitactoudthee etraditional
vitaerc ehtweaving polevedmethod,ot derawhich perp is inherited from ancestors.
Someescommunities
u eht htiw stnhave edutsabandoned
piuqe ot dthe na suse metof
sysnatural
gninraecottonl to turn the thread into a
factory,
evahwhich eW .eisgdthe elwlack
onk of fo knowledge
seigolonhceand t eviunderstanding
tavonni fo of the important weaving
process.
3. References
[1] BoonchaiThongcharoenbuangam. (2012). Thai Yuan Yonok Chiang Saen

fabric 8 City. ianitiNtikuS.rD
[2]
pehtgnurKIntellectual
ygolonhceTCultural
foytisrevHeritage.
inU alagna(2017).
majaR fo“Traditional
tnediserP craftsmanship”
http://ich.culture.go.th/index.php/en/ich, access on 10 December 2017.
[3] Ministry of University Affairs. (2008). Patterns on Fabrics Thai Wisdom:
Bangkok: Queen Sirikit Commemorative Book on the auspicious days of
the 5th round.
[4] NattapatChantawit and team. (1997). Isan Fabric: Bangkok: National
Archives and Museum, Department of Archeology, Ministry of
Education.
[5] SittichaiSmarnchat. (2011). Thai Wisdom Towards Thai Economic
Values: Bangkok: National Culture Council and Teachers' Council.
[6]SittichaiSmarnchat and team. (2014). Weaving and Textile Design of the
Ubon City Court.
Creation Network of Mo Lam Mo Khaen for Promoting and Development Career

Permanently

RAJAMANGALA
Creation Network of UNIVERSITY
Mo Lam Mo Khaen OF TECHNOLOGY
for Promoting and KRUNGTHEP
Development Career
Permanently
Rajamangala University Somkhit Suk-erb Krungthep
of Technology
Khamriang Sub-District,
RMUTK Khantarawichai
aims to be District,
Maha Sarakham
universityProvince
in Asia. 44150,
The Thailand
university has accordingly
Support :focused
CulturalonCreative Research Unit
Somkhit.suk@gmail.com
Abstract
This study is Creation NetworkUnderof Mo thegovernment’s
Lom kon Mo Lamvision Khaenoffor promoting
Thailand
and development career permanently.
4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity, the
There are the main purpose were 1) to develop
ability, current situation of Moand Laminnovation
Kon Mo Khaen 2) to study
to foster the development,
national find ways to the
Creation Network of Mo Lam Mo Khaen 3) to find ways in
prosperity and sustainability, we arepromoting and currently
develop Mo
Lam Kon Mo Khaen for haveprepared a Career toPermanently.
develop the creative educational were
The random group who and 5
people, the practice group werelearning
5 people, Mo Lam
systems andMo Khaenstudents
to equip were least 2 group
with the usehave
30 people total 40 people and general people were 30 people. The research
of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have instruments
were survey, interview, observation,
placedfocus group and
importance discussion, accomplished
oncultivating workshop, andand check
data by triangulation. There isproficient
an analysis data by descriptive analysis.
graduatesfor the national development.
devel
The result found that the problem for Mo Lam and Mo Khaen was the lack to
integration for stability of the profession. In the stage is not standard of beauty from
light, color, sound costume obsolete. There was an old poem which affect the youth
who watch cannot be interpreted and may cause the lack of popularity. Public relation is
original way which have the office is waiting the host his of
President of Rajamangala Universityof own employer. Krungthep
Technology So there issues
take the lesson and meeting group, joint approach Network of Mo Lam Mo Khaen for
integration and career permanently.
In summary, to show Mo Lam Mo Khaen will famous or population. In the
end, there performances require good network. There was management system and
contributing to each other from those career with similar artists.
Keyword: Mo Lam Kon Network, Mo Khaen Network, develop career
1. Introduction
Mo Lam is an entertainment culture which tradition is unique of local tradition.

It is a culture that practice together long time and well known is folk music. for example
Mo Lam rocket music, Sorapanya song, Korat song and etc. Especially Mo Lam is folk
show that evolution continually. It is got population every eras which most display will
show for entertainment. So it will show when had a festival. Annual fair. For example
tradition and favors. There is not evidence that inscription what happened, but there
were many the knower that described and comment about beginning of Mo Lam.
Evening of ancient E-San was talking with old man for acknowledgment about problem,
and old man will relate for his lineage. Tale was brought for telling is tradition and
moral. When the lineage listen more which sit is not suitable so they should will stand
for telling. Story must is literature for example Karaket, Sinchai and etc. If narrator tell
normally, it will make audience is not get entertainment. So it is necessary that must act,
actor, actress and combatant and etc. If you tell not only comfort to pronunciation short
sound, long sound, high voice and low voice for fun. (Boonseng Thongsuk. 2004 : 5)
3501dnalFebruary
Thailand
PMo
EH T GNU
Lam KonRKisYG OLONthe
display HCfolk
ET F artO of
YTE-san
ISREfolk VINU ALAstart
which GNAlong
MAJtime
AR but
hasn’t evidence. We knew only about art which infiltrate in blood and it is cultural
heritage Actor named is “Mo fLam”. o tnedMoiseris
P eexpert
ht mois,rf eMo
gasKonseM is Poet who specializes in
poem singing. There pehis tgnMo
urKLam ygolKon
onhcesong ytisvillager
T fo for revinU asinging
lagnamduring
ajaR ceremony or
temple fair. Both happy and sad. The villager will take Mo Lam Kon to playing for
ygolonhcet eespecially
entertainment vitaerc a eafter b ot harvest
smia Kseason.
TUMR There were  literature, folk tale about
ylgnidand
living rocsocial
ca sahstatus,
ytisregeneral
vinu ehevent
T .aisfor
A singing
ni ytisretoviaudience
nu listen and entertainment.
dna lennosOnline)
(Wikipedia rep ruo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof
lanoitanFrom
retni the
ot above
ngila information.
taht smulucMahasarakham
irruc cimedacais an area in current that have the
hcraeserabout
problem eht ddevelopment
etomorp oslastrength evah eof W the .sdrpeople
adnats in creation network of art and
evitaercThere
culture. htiwwere res cimeconcerned
secivagencies daca eht in ,tncounseling
empoleved to develop strength of the people
.erutluclearly.
but hasn’t c dna strNetwork
a fo noitadevelopment
vreserp eht dnofa ,Mo stpecLam
noc Mo Khaen was the place where
dnaliahthe
people T fcommunity
o noisiv s’tcan nemalso
nrevolearn
geht more.
rednU The community lack to expand learning,
,ytivitknowledge
create aerc ,ygolonbetween
hcet fo eNetwork
su eht seMozisahLam
pmeMo tahtKhaen
0.4 career. That operate and share
the
,tnbenefits
empolevof ed joint
lanooperations.
itan retsofProject
ot noIntegration
itavonni dexpandna to research by social capital
and
yltncultural
erruc ecommunity
ra ew ,ytin ilibwide
aniatsvariety
us dnaof culture.
ytirepsorThep occupation with promotion of
culture,
dna lannetwork
oitacudeartists,
evitaerMo
c ehLamt poMo
levedKhaenot dehistorical,
raperp etc. In the present, the area
community
esu eht htiwofstnMo edutLams piuqMo
e ot Khaen
dna smelacked
tsys gnianracreation
el network in development
community
evah eW .cultural.
egdelwonItkwas fo to
seithe
golotake
nhceknowledge
t evitavonnini community
fo to integrate.
dna dehWithsilpmobusiness
cca gnitaperformance
vitlucno ecnain tropdifferent
mi decalparea for promoting to strength
community.
.tnemSo poleitveisd development
lanoitan eht rotofscreation
etaudargartist
tneicinetwork,
forp Mo Lam, Mo Khaen, and
making process of learning together with area. There was collaboration between sub-
district administration organization, school, student and community. Business network
consist with project in development for strength, and artist network, Mo Lam, Mo
Khaen with community culture. ianitiNtItikuwas
S.rDpreserve
 an art and culture national to remain
forever.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR of
So his study was a networking for most fo tartist,
nediseMorP Lam, Mo Khaen in
community culture. Mahasarakham was issue that had important in development of
strength community. The artist network, Mo Lam, Mo Khaen community, can make
extra money to local people which get a commercial network. It was also promoting in
maintain the art and culture, artist network, Mo Lam, Mo Khaen with community
culture in the research format. There was a participatory development and using as an
information source that have benefits for everyone, and who was interest in learning
further.
2. Objectives
1. To study potential and current problem of Mo Lam Kon and Mo Khaen.

2. To study approach in creation network of Mo Lam and Mo Khaen.
3. To find way in promotion and develop Mo Lam Kon and Mo Khaen for
career permanently.
1. Scope of study
1.1 Content Scope
This content scope is potential and current problem in creation network
Mo Lam and Mo Khaen, which approach in creation network of artist, Mo Lam ,Mo
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
351
Thailand15
Khaen RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY

with community culture. OF TECHNOLOGY
And creation network of artist, MoKRUNGTHEP
Lam and Mo Khaen
with community culture in Mahasarakham.
This researchMessage from the President
is qualitative research by of collecting the data from
document and field study. ItUniversity
is from servey, interview,Krungthep
observation, focus group,
workshop and taking data for analysis. Including of participatory action research- PAR
 clearly.RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
in local for getting the information
1.2 Area Scope university in Asia. The university has accordingly
This research area focused
is KhaoonYai the sub-district
developmentKantharawichai
of our personnel and
district
Mahasarakham, where is development academic curriculums
of artist network, that
Mo align
Lam, Moto international
Khaen with
community culture are Khao Yaistandards.sub-districtWe have also promoted
Kantharawichai the research
district Mahasarakham
province. development, the academic ic services with creative
2. Population and Sampleconcepts,
Scope and the preservation of arts and culture.
This research population is Under local thegovernment’s
people of Khaovision Yai ofsub-district
Thailand
4.0 that emphasizes
administration organization Kantharawichai the use of technology,
district Mahasarakham province. creativity,
Sample Scope and innovation to foster national development,
1. Expert Group is the groupand
prosperity who sustainability,
give main data we in development
are currently of
artist network,Mo Lam, Mo Khaen preparedcommunity
to develop istheexpert,philosopher
creative educational in and
the
community.And leader group of community culture about
learning systems and to5equip
people.students with the use
2. Practice Group are of 1)Mo Lam group,
innovative Mo Khaen
technologies local 5 people
of knowledge. We 2)Mo
have
Lam Mo Khaen network are least 2placed groupsimportance
about 30 people,total 40 people.
3. General Groupproficient
is an official of Khaothe
graduatesfor Yainational
sub-district
develadministration
development.
Kantharawichai district Mahasarakham province. And people who is interest about 30
people.
Research Methodology
2.1 Research Instrument are survey, interview, observation, discussion
group and workshop. President of Rajamangala Universityof of Technology Krungthep
2.2 Research Methodology
- To study document and review with related literature.
- To meeting and planning about operation with aim communication.
- To servey, search an ability and current problem in creation of artist,
Mo Lam and Mo Khaen with community culture.
- To collect data for searching the approach in creation of artist, Mo
Lam and Mo Khaen with community culture.
- To support activity about creation of artist,Mo Lam,Mo Khaen with
community culture, product and commercial display format.
- To analyze and synthesis document in research for conclusion with
objective of research.
- To conclude about creation network format of artist Mo Lam, Mo
Khaen and write a research report.
4. Conclusions
The current situations and problems of Mo Lam Kon and Mo Khaen as

follows.
Costume Side is a general costume which emphasis simplicity. It is a
suitable costume which wear colorful clothes make the outstanding on stage. But
clothes which wear shouldn’t same color between curtain and background stage color.
3521dnalFebruary
alagnamConference
rbeF
Thailand
in Creative Economy
There are the PEproblems

HTGNURthat K YisGlustrous
OLONH CET Fmake
clothes O YTaIsweat
SREVfast INUinAeach
LAGshow,
NAMbecause
AJAR
the flashing light break through to actor. It is an identity of old Mo Lam Kon.
Period Side began and fo tnfinished
ediserPshow eht mareorfstarted
egasseM at 10.00-16.00 P.M. and
21.00-03.00 P.M. Butpif ehthere
tgnurwas K ygaolmistake
onhceT occur fo ytisslide
revinshowU alawith
gnamsuitability
ajaR or the
audience is funny so should find time to stop the show finally.
ygolonhPricecet eSide
vitaeis rc started
a eb ofrom t sm10,000
ia KTUbaht MRthat only Mo Lam performing fee, if
haveythe
lgnistage,
droccalight,sah sound
ytisrevor inuMo ehLam
T .aiswith
A niMo ytiKhaen
srevinuand dancing. The price started
from 35,000 baht and should know that who is mesheswith
d n a le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e d e h t n o d ucof another.
lanoPublic
itanretnRelations
i ot ngilfor a taemployment
ht smulucirside ruc is cim edacaof Mo Lam that performances
public
hcraeser Itehist an
to audience. detannouncement
omorp osla eto vahaudience
eW .sdknow radnatduring
s the show and know the
name,evand
itaerworks
c htiwwith vres cimedacabusiness
secientertainment eht ,tnofficial,
empolevwhich ed the audience do not know
enough..erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserp eht dna ,stpecnoc
dnalContent
iahT fo nSide oisiv iss’temphasis
nemnrevogof ehttheredE-san
nU literature such as Sinchai, Siton,
,ytiviKhulu,
Manora, taerc ,yNang-ua,
golonhcetPhadaeng-Nang-I
fo esu eht sezisahand pmeetc.
tahItt 0is.4the poem for teaching children
and ,youth
tnempotolevfar ed away
lanoitfrom
an redrugs.
tsof ot The noitsuffering
avonni dnofa E-san people have an Arid
wilderness
yltnerrufor c living
era eand w ,background.
ytilibaniatsus If dold na people
ytirepslisten
orp to extremely, because they
understand
dna lanthe oitastory
cude thatevitclaim
aerc ein ht poetry.
polevedBut ot ifdethe
rapeyoung
rp generation will not be as
should
esubeehbecause
t htiw stthey
nedunever
ts piuqsuffer
e ot dthese
na smevents.
etsys gnAnd inraethe l most content word used in
animeevporn
ah eW or secret,
.egdelwwhichonk fthe o sechildren
igolonhcshouldet evitgetavothe
nni suggestion
fo from parents.
dna ThedehsStage,
ilpmoclight,
ca gncoloritavitland
ucnosoundecnatside
ropmmusti decusing
alp stage and every showcase.
Mo Lam is.tninvited
empolefor vedsomelanoitevent,
an eht suchrofsetasaudifarthe
g tnshow
eicifowhere
rp is so far, Mo Lam will
employ stage, sound, instrument and music player in local place. But sometimes it may
be mistake because if the teamwork is busy so it make cancel finally.
Guidelines for networking Mo Lam Klon and Mo Khan the researcher has
conducted a group discussion iantoitiNoffer
tikuSguidance
.rD for networking of E-san dancing in
Mahasarakham
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnameach
province. Completed and helped ajaR other
fo tnewith
diserPthe issue to find the
guideline to networking are follows.
Dressing
The show in the past showed the performance was the same as before. The old
sets of dresses make the show not interesting. The Researchers should bring the old
dress to the new such as redecorate and modification of shape then store in the place
with everyone can picking up. So, the show will be unique.
Time length
The contract must be clearly stated. Day time begins at 10.00- a.m. – 4.00
p.m. and at night from 9.00- p.m. -03.00 a.m. or 11.00 a.m. – 05.00 p.m. and 08.00-
p.m.-02.00 a.m. and when complete the show can performance not more than 20
minutes. If there is a problem, the performance will postpone the time or
reimbursements as appropriate.
If the incident was about the performance, they will compensate the employer unless
satisfied. If there is a quarrel the show will stop immediately.
Wage cost
Each show should receive the same price or many increase by the distance
traveled. Start at the price 8,000 baht the performance agreed with the committee in the
meeting.
Public relations jobs

Each show should receive the same price or many increase by the distance
traveled. Start at the price 8,000 baht the performance agreed with the committee in the
meeting. International Conference on Arts & Cultures in Creative Economy
Public relations jobs UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
RAJAMANGALA
The researcher suggested that the performances create facebook page to
contact with people whoMessage from
interested the President
in Mo Lam. Usingof facebook to display the shows
Rajamangala
will be convenient University
and the audience canofuse
Technology
the decision Krungthep
to hire Mo Lam band.
Another important one is the audience able to know the performances timetable when
and where to follow up.  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
Content of the verse. (Klon Lam) in Asia. The university has accordingly
university
focused
The content of the verse mustonhave
the aesthetics,
development of our
believe, personnel
teachings, and
qualifying
academic
the beauty of nature and traditional. curriculums that
The performances have align to international
to be artistic in the use of
the words to see the depths. Usingstandards. We have also
the philosophical wordpromoted the research
make listener visible and
have a good time in Mo Lam performances. ic services with creative
Klon Lam can teach peopleconcepts,
aboutand the preservation
lifestyle, of arts and culture.
cultural treatment.
In addition Mo Lam disseminate Under thegovernment’s
knowledge, political,visionunderstanding
of Thailand in
democracy. 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
Besides, Mo Lam and tell innovation
audiences about to foster
familynational
planning,development,
birth control,
hygienic eating etc. prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
Light and sound stage.prepared to develop the creative educational and
Apply the same principles to the and
learning systems dressing by the
to equip performances
students invest
with the use
together. Proving a central platform at least 2 stages.
According to the researcher suggested the
placed importance audience canaccomplished
oncultivating hire Mo Lamand in low
prices but the quality is still good, Mo Lam
proficient is still developing
graduatesfor the nationalfurther
devel through a quality
development.
network.
5. Conclusions and Discussion

Summary of the creation of the
President of Rajamangalanetwork and of
continue
Universityof in the
Technology Isan society
Krungthep
.And it is well known that the famous morale band is one of the factors that make
it acceptable. And hired by the hired hosts to entertain the amusement. Some
folks also have to record live performances.
However although the show Mo Khan be famous. Finally, Systematic
management. I will see from the many famous faculty of the capital the company
is a large capital support in each year .To manage the performances of these
morale and morale to exit for a long time and can earn their living. Young
people’s apprenticeship is a way to continue the career of Northeastern Isle with
the Thai society.
The existence of a network of masters the Mo Lam Klon sustainer can be divided
into a number of interesting issues.
Everybody is a person with a special personality. It’s not a bout age
because the eyes and personality are so old. The young man plays a young girl or
an old man.
The morale of the morale is a personality that can create a mood of laughter or
laughter.
This is consistent with the cultural ecology theory that adapt to the
current environment. The peal is new to the news.
Dressing
The dress of the east is focused on the fun rather than the virtual.
The make up must not look so beautiful. The selection of clothing in the Northeast
will be consicered by the show.
3541dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHAnybody
TGNURK whoYGsees
OLOthat NHCseries
ET FO,any YTISclothes
REVINtoU A LAyour
suit GNAM AJAItR will
need.
be purchased for assembly and use in the show. It will not wait for a budget
with the board. Because it fiso tanrelatively ediserP ehcheapt morf esuch
gassas
eMmorning dress, Women’s
wear sarong or loinclothpehtgnurK etc.ygSome
olonhcroles ytisreas
eT fo such vinU alagnaammonk.
playing ajaR I need to ask
for old robes from a familiar temple or some role. But if you look for a piece to
ygoloupnhbeautifully.
dress cet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 
ylgnidroccThe a sacress
h ytisrofevithe
nu eeast
hT .aisisquite
A ni yindependent
tisrevinu focus on the emotions of the
dna lennrather
audience osrep than
ruo reality
fo tnemsuch poleveasd epearl
ht nobracelet
desucof to highlight the humor of the
audience.
hcraeser eThis ht dis
etom orp osla ewith
consistent vah ethe W symbolic
.sdradnats practice of symbolism mead,
evitaerc Herbert
George htiw se(1968)
civres ccanimedbe aca explained
eht ,tnempobelieveleved that every human being is
.erutluc dHuman
imaginative na stra behavior
fo noitavredoes serp enot
ht dstop.
na ,stpEach
ecnocperformer will have their own
dnaliahT .And
cosmetics fo nocan
isiv make
s’tnem nrevogeht rBecause
themselves. ednU of the time each show is not very
,ytivitaeneed
different rc ,ygaolface,
onhcHairstyles
et fo esu ehquickly
t sezisafacial
hpme cleansing
taht 0.4 and make up playing a new
character
,tnempolein vethe
d lshow
anoitarequires
n retsof a olot t nofoitskill.
avonnNewi dnaperformers or new arrivals must
learn
yltnethe
rrucjob.erDressing
a ew ,yroom tilibafor
niatthe
susshowdna that ytircomes
epsorpout quality.
dna lanBolt
esu eht htiFromw stnethe
duts collection
piuqe ot dnmake a smesuretsys gthat
ninrthe
ael talk of the lam that makes the
audience
evah eWlike .egdand
elwoitnkis faccepted
o seigolonby hcethe
t evaudience
itavonni fando now the steps of the east.
dna dehOptimistic
silpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
.tnemBe polsharp
eved laandnoitamemorize
n eht rofsewords
taudargortnesentences
iciforp that use sharpness.
Remember to write good sentences and create them.
Modify the decoration
Show time especially the words the remember the good and creative
sentences, a little adaptation ianiof
tiNthetikudécor.
S.rD
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU the
This is consistent with alagntheory
amajaRof fo tcultural
nediserP spread Rogers, E.M.
(2003) describes that the theory of cultural spread among the two anthropologists
.It is assumed that most people in society are not very creative .But always
imitating others has been attacked by American anthropologists. Later, It must be
based culture is thought and behavior
(Effects of thought) personalized. Thus the spread of culture is based
on social factors have intentionally to exchange the method new behavior and
knowledge.
Studying in other places is a direct cultural spread affection and
marriage to a different culture to participate in religious ceremonies and migration
because of social disasters such as war and conflict , Natural disaster such as
famine, arid and occupation by the invaders this is a factor for cultural spread.
Light and sound stage
Originally in the early stages of the east Israeli stage the weather is
not favorable weather today. Constantly changing causes damage to the backdrop.
Such as the wind blows the scene. So that almost every faculty has reduced the
scene almost only the faculty is highlighted the scene is beautiful. Such as to
exchange information to be a center of support for the benefit. By having different
experiences.
To be a channel for the source and to serve as a channel for public
service.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
355
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
Such as at workUNIVERSITY
in the villageOF canTECHNOLOGY
rent these things KRUNGTHEP
at a cheaper price
than the market. Comply with Adam Burke (1998:76-79) said the network has
existed for several reasons.Message from the President of
6. Suggestion
university
Based on research bolt admin. Andinthe Asia.
Mo The
Lamuniversity
Klon to havehas aaccordingly
sustainable
career. Offers are as follows. focused on the development of our personnel and
Suggestions for adoption academic curriculums that align to international
standards.
There should be a training We have
workshop on thealso
show. promoted the research
Northeastern. To get a
veriety of knowledge and tecniques. development,
The moralethe academic
is mostly ic services
elderly. with
In the creative
community.
To use is a database for improving concepts,
the qualityand
of the preservation
show for young of arts and culture.
people.
Should be prepared as a local curriculum.
Recommendations for 4.0future
that emphasizes
research. the use of technology, creativity,
Should be educated throughout to help plan.
Moral research should be conducted
prosperity in other. Regions
and sustainability, we such
are ascurrently
central
Thailand, Laos, Vietnam , China , prepared
Japanese and Korea. To
to develop thebe creative
a researcheducational
database. and
There should be research on the
learning qualityand
systems standards
to equip of students
the showwith
to bethe
useful
use
an increasing academic potential. of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
There should research
placedon the quality standards
importance of theaccomplished
oncultivating show. To use as anda
guideline to create a quality show. Thisgraduatesfor
proficient will be beneficial to thedevelopment.
the national performances of
devel
artists as well as performances in the Northeast.
Acknowledgments
This research was done with kindness from Jumlong Linngen , Saowapa
Daokanong , Pibun Seangtong, Lamul PakPai. And Sean Mo Khan. Taking valuable
time to provide information in this research.
Thank you to the board of directors it is very useful for the development
of the work. And all the staff to help the operation is going well.
The value and benefits of this thesis. The research is grateful the
foundation of education makes me an educator and love to learn.
7. Reference
[1] Ngampit Satsanguan. (2008). Anthropology 3rd edition printed at the

Dharma publishing House.
[2] Boonseng Tongsuk. (2004). Northeastern style singer.(Online). Search
http://www.isn.clubs.chula.ac.th/webboard/?transation=post_view.php&r
oom_no=o&id_main=918&star=0 2nd April 2560.
[3] Adams, Jerome and Janice D. Yoder. (1989). Effective Leadership for
woman and Men. Norwood, New
[4] Jersey : Ablex Publishing Cooperation. Rogers ,E.M. (2003). Diffusion
of innovations. 5th edition. New York: The Free Press. Mead,
[5] George Herbert. (1968). “The Juvenile probation system.” Amwerican
Bahaviorat Scientist. 11:19-22.
3561dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHThailand
Folk Toys TGNUR:K YGOLO
Invention NHdesign
and CET F O YTISREV
appropriately INU ALAGofNDifferent
development AMAJAR ages
for the Creative Economy
pehtgnurK ygoloSastra
nhceTLaoakka
fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
ygolonhcet evitaercKhamriang
a eb ot Sub-District,
smia KTUM Khantarawichai
R  District,
Maha Sarakham Province 44150, Thailand
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevSupport
inu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
: Cultural Creative Research Unit
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smulucirAbstract ruc cimedaca
evitaercFolk htiw civres c:im
ToyseThailand edaca eand
Invention ht ,design
tnempappropriately
oleved development of different ages
.erCreative
for the utluc dnaEconomy. stra fo noThis itavrresearch
eserp ehpurpose
t dna ,stwerepecno(1)
c study Background and knowledge
about
dnaliFolk
ahT Toy fo nThailand
oisiv s’t(2)
nem study
nrevthe ogecurrent
ht rednsituation
U and Folk Toy Thailand issues (3) Study
Invention and Folk Toy Thailand to
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4appropriately of different ages for the Creative Economy.
This study used Cultural Qualitative
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna Research by collecting data from documents; collect data
from the field, initial survey, Structured and unstructured interviews, participation observation
and non-participation observation, focus group discussion, workshop and data were analyzed
dnafindlaanoway
and itacto udanswer
e evitathe ercproblem.
esu eht Results
htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys gninrael
evah eW .1.egdFound elwonthat,
k fobecause
seigolothere nhcearen’t
t evitaconclusive
vonni fo answer, clear evidence, not written
d na d e h s i l p m o c ca g n i ta v i t l
about history background transmitted as evidence, uc n o ec n a tr o p m i desome
calp photos and hearsay to each from
.tnemofpoancestorsso
generations leved lanoiinformation
tan eht rofsewas taudnotarg perfect
tneicifobecause
rp not linked from who have
experienced. It is summarized as follows : traditional toys caused adults make and make up your
own from materials available in any environment, topography or from a different season and
different styles from natural materials such as play soil, rock, sand, branch, leaves, clay
sculpture, banana rib hobbyhorse
ianitiriding,
NtikuSbanana
.rD gun etc. Adults would make toys that are more
complex from natural materials seasonal such as kite, corn cob pipes during the harvest or
winter, bamboo fish trap or creel and accessories simulation of the true size and adults.
2. The changes happened in the presentThailand has affected society from
capitalism which is critical to the economy of the country and globalization borderless world
occurs cause life style of play and toys for children in regions of Thailand changed. From
playing and folk toys change is ready to bring new technologies and inventions toys made of
plastic Metal or wood with beautiful colors convenient to buy, computer gaming, press play
electronics toys or most of the time watching television.
3. Results from the analysis of bringing folk toys are appropriate to the
development of children in each age group for children in the study area selected. Summarized
as follows : folk toys for ages 3-5 years both boys and girls who like and development promote
of children in 4 dimensions was cicada folk toys Folk toys for ages 6-8 years both boys and girls
who like was boys like cars reel and girls like coconut shell and folk toys for ages 9-12 years
and development promote of children in 4 dimensions was boys like banana gun and e-boa , girl
like wheel circle.
Summarize, present Folk Toy Thailand for children are lost. Modern toys are
produced from both domestic and imported from abroad. Disaster caused by a variety of
modern toys are direct impact to all children. The results of this research was to understand the
condition occurs including design, fabrication and folk toys kids Thailand appropriate to each
child's developmental ages to the creative economy as well as cultural traditions, folk toys kids
Thailand not to be lost.
Keywords : Folk Toy Thailand, Invention and Design, Development of different ages, creative
economy
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
357
Thailand15

1. Introduction
Thailand is a folk toy materialfrom

Message culture
thethat reflects the
President of lifestyle of people in the past.
Former childhoodRajamangala
memories look University
like a solid, never
of Technology In
fade away. contrast with the current non-
Krungthep
stop laughter, smiles fun of childhood, although only a memory. But playing pieces are still left
out of the fun of childhood. Toys are more than conventional
RMUTK aims to be materials because
a creative it is fun,
technology
memories, dreams, childhood toys buried in it. Moreover, the play is also a representative of the
past remains to the present. Toys in the past are not sold commercially, such as the full mightily.
It is often the custom-manufactured and focused on theadapted
applications development of our
to the natural personnel Toys
environment. and
academic
in each district, so there are many differences curriculums
as well. In this sense,thatfolkalign
toys, to international
as well as cultural
standards.
objects that reflect the lifestyle of living in each We have
district. Andalso promoted
a vestige the hidden
of the past, research in
development,
toys ("Encyclopedia of folk toys in Thailand" 0.2535).the academic ic services with creative
concepts,of
To play a role in the development andthethe4 preservation of arts and culture.
sides. The development of physical,
emotional, social and intellectual activities ofUnder this nature, there is an experiment
thegovernment’s vision of Thailand using the
knowledge they have on the environment. By virtue of their unique abilities.
4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,The experimental
self freely and enjoy. The play is so important to children's
and innovation to learning,
foster and the playdevelopment,
national was the result
of inherited biology, namely to play to reflect the habits that child come out and play can also be
indicative of performance in the race. any nation that They do not play anything. This culture
prepared
play an instinct trapped in their lifetime. Child's to develop the creative
Play is bringing a play educational and
of their ancestors
displayed again (Sura Singh composed learning systems
Chim Phanao Law.and2007to equip
: 4) of students
this study.with
The the
studyuse
of
history and knowledge about folk toys Thailand. The problem with the current state of modern We have
and folk toys and toys Thailand. The placed importance
application also includesoncultivating accomplished
folk toys designed and
to be suitable
proficient
for the development of children at different graduatesfor
ages the national
in order to promote devel By bringing
development.
development.
modern technique to design attractive supplement to conventional wisdom in the production of
traditional Thailand. In toy design, each piece will take into account the relationship between
the development of different ages to be appropriate with toy designs and styles that are designed
to be beautiful contemporary competitive with toys foreigners who came to dominate the toy
market. Thailand has replaced the traditional Toys They do not take up space research in India
is divided into six areas: 1. North East 2. 3. 4. East 5. Central 6. South West and even the
modern toys and toy imports. Foreigners have been popular in Thailand. But modern toys and
toys foreigners is a problem in many areas, be it material or quality of the paint used. Production
of non-standard Toxic contaminants that are harmful to the body than the standard set (found 8
species), or even social issues and more on the news from the media. These issues are the same
signals that modern technology sometimes harmful than helpful if you did not know. It is a
marketing opportunity folk toys Thailand, which is useful in many ways, is back again by
popular demand. And be able to compete commercially with toys and modern toys from
foreigners. Application forms need to provide such quality material used must be durable
without causing harm. Forms must be designed to be modern but still unique and original
features or add new features into. Color must be the eyes of the children. Use a portable or
easily accessible by folk toys encourage children to develop properly. Thailand toys, folk
wisdom has invented ancestors from generation to generation. Doors can be linked to make us
visible traces the history of Thailand. And also as a way of economic development. Bring
money to the region and the country in the future.
2. Objectives of the research.
1. Study Background and knowledge about Folk Toy Thailand.

2. Study the current situation and Folk Toy Thailand issues.
3. Study Invention and Folk Toy Thailand to appropriately of different ages for the
Creative Economy.
3581dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHprocedures.
3. Research TGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
In this research Using fo tqualitative

nediserP eh research
t morf emethods
gasseM (Qualitative Research) by
collecting the data from pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU acollected
the document (Document) information lagnamafromjaR the field (Field
Study) by exploring the preliminary interview structured and unstructured. Observation and
participation
ygolonhcetdoevnot itaeparticipate
rc a eb otot group
smia discussions,
KTUMR workshops  and information analyzed by
dealing with the raw data collected. In order to respond to the problem as the objective set in the
children's story about folk toys, Thailand: invention and design to suit the development of each
dna tolethe
child nnocreative
srep rueconomy.
o fo tnempoleved eht no desucof
lanoitanTool
retniused
ot tonggather
ila tainformation.
ht smulucirruc cimedaca
hcraeser eThe ht tools
detom orptoocollect
used sla evdata
ah ineW this.sresearch,
dradnatsthere are 5 types:
ecivres cimsurvey
evitaerc htiw1.sPreliminary edacadataeht(Basic
,tnemSurvey).
poleved
.erutluc dn2.a Model
stra fointerview
noitavres(Interview)
erp eht dnais ,divided
stpecnointo
c 2 style.
3. Structured interviews
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht rednU (Structured Interview).
,ytivitaerc ,yg4.olInterview
onhcet fowithesu no
ehtstructure
sezisahp(Unstructured
me taht 0.4 Interview).
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot noitavois
5. Form notice (the Observation) nnai compilation
dna of data by using the 5 senses
in a way of watching. Education events to better understand the nature of what is observed or
the behavior of the people in the story about the ISAN folk toys. Research by observation
dna lanbreak
research: oitacuout
dethe evfollowing:
itaerc eht poleved ot deraperp
esu eht htiw stn1. edCooperative
uts piuqe oobservation
t dna smets(Participant
ys gninraelObservation).
evah eW .egdel2. woObservation
nk fo seigodoeslonhnot
cetengage
evitav(Non-Participant
onni fo Observation).
dna dehsilpmoc4. caGuidelines
gnitavitlufor
cnogroup
ecnadiscussions
tropmi de(Focuscalp Group Discussion).
.tnempolev5.edGuidelines
lanoitan efor
ht workshop
rofsetauda(Workshop)
rg tneiciforp
4. Research results
1. Results of the study

ianitof
iNhistory,
tikuS.rDfolk
 toys Thailand.
There is no definite answer because there is no clear evidence. Did not have to take
note of that folk toys have a history, however. With just a toy, it was broadcast as evidence.
Some photos and the story continue from generation to generation of fathers. The data is
incomplete A picture of some broken parts. The lack of a link on how to play by those with
experience of playing it. It is summarized as follows: Folk toys from the children playing, adults
and children make up their own play. The materials for the environment. Terrain or even the
season, different players will have different. Children's toys are made simple enough to be made
of natural materials. Like playing rock, sand, twigs, leaves, clay horses banana stem gun stalk of
bananas, etc. The adults would make the toy is complicated further by the material, natural,
seasonal, such as the annual rice straw in the summer. Winter harvest or basket weave site or of
various models and shrink from the reality of adulthood.
The availability of rice during the rainy season. The transfer process folk toys are
mostly my own observations that do not have the creativity was applied as needed. If the
mechanic or anyone who would ask for techniques on how to make it better. Such techniques do
give up a kite flying high. Snoop techniques that put the kite so loud, because in the past, family
members are closer together so as to convey the toys made by nature. But the current state of
social lifestyle changes. The relay was missing and some toys might be lost. Another factor that
makes a lost folk toys are factors that play into modern
2. Study the current situation and Folk Toy Thailand issues.
Researchers study the current conditions, problems with children's toys, folk
Thailand. Conclusions about the current state of children's toys, folk Thailand found that
1. The current changes taking place. Thailand has been affected by social
capitalism, which is essential in driving the country's economy. Style of play and toys have
changed. From playing and folk toys A ready-made toys that bring new technologies and
inventions that are made of plastic, metal or wood with beautiful colors. Easy to buy players
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
359
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA 2. The themeUNIVERSITY

of the play was OF turnedTECHNOLOGY
into a computer game KRUNGTHEP
or the game most of
the time with watching TV
3. For observation
Messageand interviews with children
from the President of found that most children play.
modern The folk Rajamangala
toys to play with
University of Technologyhorse
kites of the banana stem jumping rope, tug of war,
Krungthep
jumping jacks, tire swings her pile of glass weave carp slingshot birds weave the modern toy
play the game. The fickle surf, skate, bass dominoes
RMUTK Yoyo
aimsbiketois broken down by gender.
be a creative Play
technology
bouncing rubber cast pile of glass, jacks, and dolls for girls and football, gun cars for boys
4. Most schools will provide players an outdoor children's play players that are
slides, swings, seesaw carousel, rocking focused
horses,on theand
tanks development
structures forof our personnel
children climb, etc. and
academic
5. Players in the classroom curriculums
of kindergarten that will
children align to international
be there for toys that
standards.
promote skills c. Think like a child's play the next We have Wooden
destination also promoted
geometricthe research
shapes, fabric
dolls, picture books and Lego, etc. development, the academic ic services with creative
concepts,
6. However, the majority and the
of children's preservation
toys of artsatand
that are purchased culture.
a flea market or
car dealer sales of vehicles such as plastic dolls,Underbicycles, games, computer games, press
7. Moment on schools 4.0will
thatalso play sportsthe
emphasizes such
useasofboys play football
technology, talents
creativity,
circular girls play volleyball. Jumpingandrope,innovation
rubber or glass gift pile
8. Public inquiries children aged 3-12 years and their parents find the child. In
selecting toys the child to choose and buy yourself some time because of the toys sold are
generally cheap and easy to buy. Parents prepared
choose to develop
to have the creative educational and
very little
9. Interview stores andlearning
toy foundsystems and totraders
that small equipcame
students
fromwith
a bigthe
cityuse
or
province closely store independently such as the Northeast, is derived from KhonKaen, Udon We have
Thani, Nakhon Ratchasima and Buri placed Ram. North importance
from Chiangoncultivating accomplished
Mai Phitsanulok and Chiangand Rai
with toys imported from China directly.proficient
East graduatesfor
and west fromthe nationalMost
Bangkok. devel
development.
traditional Tartar
purchased from the South from Surat Thani, Songkhla, Phuket as part of a major purchase from
Bangkok. The factory was in a buffalo head. Area Road 2 The traditional market this is a
wholesale and retail. Toy market is the largest in Thailand. The second is market Klong Thom
market Mahanak Bo is activated machine and Dr.SukitNitinai
10. Another player who has been very popular children's toy era Machine large
inflatable children to play on. And has slipped down Toys of this type are as fair or festival on
the pages. Such as the Annual Red Cross sometimes peddle the large village for children to play
in the absence of the festival
11. Current toys are made of clay, as Dan Carter and locations are also
available, and kids still played since. Dan Carter in the production and sale of Lampang and is a
source of tourist souvenirs in the name of Lampang and Nakhon Ratchasima. It plays these
ancient remains, and has been developed colorful pattern for diversity becomes even more
interesting, such as plush versions of the animals, there are many species of elephants, rabbits
media snake lions and many types of cookware. Dishes, pots, jars, etc. the parish Dan Carter is a
lot of clay. Toys made of clay, so the workplace of their parents as well.
3. Study Invention and Folk Toy Thailand to appropriately of different ages for the
Creative Economy.
In research Traditional folk toys, children's toys Thailand : the invention and
designed to fit children of different ages to develop the creative economy. This research folk
toys children related to the development of children 3-12 years. From a group of local toys
samples from field studies of 40 pieces. By choosing the toy popular with children and have
achieved. Steeped in every area of study, observation and interview inquiries. And folk toys
can promote the development of children in four areas: 1. To promote the development of the
body 2.To promote the development of the brain and intellect 3.To promote the development of
psychological and emotional 4.To promote the development of society. Do not use the stage
theory of cognitive development Piaget, in Chapter 2. A table of analysis.During the
development of each child's age. With folk toys that are appropriate for any of the four sides.
The research subject Folk toys children Thailand: the invention and design to suit
the development of children in each age group for economic activity that results of the study are
as follows:
3601dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHThis
TGN URK Y
chapter GOLONthe
describes HCdesign
E T FO YTtoys
folk ISRinEVthe
INU ALA
form ofGnew
NAM AJAR and
concepts
formats. Folk Toys Be inspired The design of this study were selected from designing toys, folk
toys that promote the development fo tnedofisethe
rP efour
ht mtables
orf egaanalyze
sseM the consistency of child
development compared pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagage
to traditional toys. The sample was selected namrange
ajaRof 1 to design and
deliver new toys designed using three-dimensional design (3D) folk toys Thailand selected as
the
yginspiration
olonhcet efor
vitthe
aerdesign
c a ebof oeach
t smage
ia group
KTUareMRas follows.
1. Folk toys for ages 3-5 years old cicada is an insect introduced a redesigned
leveling
dna lennosrep2. Folk
ruo ftoys
o tnfor
emages
pole6-8
vedyears,
eht nthe
o dcar
esuReel
cof and shift down
lanoitanretni 3.otFolk
ngtoys
ila tfor
ahtages
sm9-12
ulucyears.
irruc Gun
cimeLee
dacBo
a Khan Kluay wheel and circular
itaerc htiw secivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
5.evSuggestion
dnaliahT Have
fo suggested
noisiv s’tthe
nem following
nrevogeht rednU
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu to
1. Learn about ways ehconserve
t sezisahfolk
pmetoys
tahtchildren
0.4 northeast
2. Study the impact of modern
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna toys
yltnerruc 3.eraStudyew the ,ytilapplication
ibaniatsus and dna development
ytirepsorp of indigenous children in East
Commercial
6.esReferences
dna deh[1]silpmImmaculate
occa gnitavChayut
itlucno eSA.
cnatrEnterprise.
opmi decal(1981).
p The theory of cognitive
.tnempodevelopment
leved lanoitto anplay
eht rgames.
ofsetauAnd
dargtotnchild
eicifdevelopment.
orp M.p.t.
[2] "Encyclopedia of folk toys in Thailand" 0.2535
[3] Sura Singh fixation. (2007). ChimPhanao Law. Child's Play over Thailand in
the past. Chiang Mai: Book Center in Chiang Mai.
[4] The http://wutichai.blogrevo.com/
ianitiNtikuS.rD on 28 May. 2008.
February
International
Conference
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& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
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361
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TheRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
Guideline to Preserve and InheritOF TECHNOLOGY
MoLum KRUNGTHEP
Plearn classical Performance of
Yasothorn Province in the Northeastern Part of Thailand
UniversityChampadaeng
Rajamangala Sitthisak of Technology Krungthep
Khamriang Sub-District,
 RMUTK aims toDistrict,
Khantarawichai be a creative technology
university
Maha Sarakham in 44150,
Province Asia. The university has accordingly
Thailand
Support : Cultural
focusedCreative
on the Research Unit of our personnel and
development
champadaeng.S@gmail.
Abstract the academic
development, ic services with creative
MoLum or Isan, Northeast Region Underofthegovernment’s
Thailand, Singing visionand Dancing
of Thailand
Performance is very popular in the4.0 Northeastern Part of Thailand and it can be
that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,divided
into four categories as following; and1) singing without nondrama lyric; 2)
innovation to foster national development,singing with
dramatic lyric, 3) the ethnic singer, and 4) the ritual singer; however Lum
prosperity and sustainability, we are currently Plearn is a
performance pertaining the play. This study aims to 1) study the development
prepared to develop the creative educational and of Lum
Plearn; 2) study the current situation of MoLum
learning Plearn
systems andBand, and students
to equip 3) study the
withguideline
the use
to preserve and inherit MoLum Plearn Performance.
of innovative The study
technologies of areas are Nong
knowledge. WeLeang
have
Village and Kaen Yai Village, placed Kaen Yai Sub-district,
importance Kam Kuen
oncultivating Kaew District,
accomplished and
Yasothorn Province. The sampleproficient
are selected by purposive
graduatesfor sampling
the national develas following; 1)
development.
singers and dancers in the Mor Lum Plearn Band and 2) participants in cultural
preservation and inheritance. The data are collected by observation, interview, and
focus group including recording by video then analyze and interpret data according to
the purposes and present by descriptive analysis. The study found that 1) the
development of Lum Plearn, the ancient singing, in the study areas does not show the
evidence of beginning; nevertheless it shows the relation about singing with Caen, the
bamboo and ancient music instrument of sharing culture in ASIA. Later, when people
believed in Buddhism around 12th Buddhist Era, it created literatures extensively both
prose and verse. Especially in 20th – 24th Buddhist Era, the early singing in Isan used the
verse literature as guideline to sing. In 2487 Buddhist Era, the performance was
influenced from Likay, the Central Thai traditional dramatic performance, and
developed various models of singing as well as affected by the folk tales from the
Central Thai. Even though, the performance still coexistinglyused Isan Folk Tales as a
lyric. The music instruments as followings; pin or Indian lute, caen or bamboo mouth
organ, fiddle, drum, small cymbals, and cymbals were developed by playing together
with drums, guitar, and bass guitar. 2) MoLum Plearn is unpopularity in the present
time because of Isan people are influenced by the new culture performance and lack of
preservation and inheritance, and 3) the guideline to preserve and inherit MoLum Plearn
Performance are collecting data from previous singers as a knowledge to preserve as
well as training juveniles to inherit and propagate via new medias.
Keywords : MoLum Plearn, classical Performance, Yasothorn Province
1. Introduction
Folk song is created and listened by the villager and the main purpose is to
entertain as well as please festivals and activities of the community. The content of folk
song related to situation and behavior of people in the society. The Northeast of
Thailand is the cultural diversity region of music and performance such as Pleng Korat
3621dnalFebruary
Thailand
(Korat Song)PEHT,GCha NUR K YGKan

Riang, OLOTruem NHCEand T FMorO YTLum ISRE VIN
and soUon,
ALespecially,
AGNAMAMor JARLum
always perform with kaen, the bamboo music instrument. Moreover, it is the most
popular performance because fits o tlyric
nedisand
erPpoemeht mpresent
orf egathesseMthought, believe, value, and
the way of life pofehthe tgnucommunity,
rK ygolonhcSinging eT fo ytisMor revinLum
U alagwith
namaIsan
jaR Music in the
Northeastern Region of Thailand does not show the age and period clearly. It has only
ygoassumption
the lonhcet evfrom itaercarcheological
a eb ot smevident ia KTUof MR Dong Son Culture that about 2,500 years
ylgnthe
ago, idropicture
cca sahof yVietnamese
tisrevinu ehwho T .aareisA singing
ni ytisrandevindancing
u was found. Besides, in the
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e d e h t n o de s uc of
Northeast Thailand found the mural painting on the wall of chapel that people were
lanoitaKaen
playing nretniand ot dancing,
ngila tamoreover,
ht smulucits irruage
c cisimabout
edaca100 years old or lower. However,
hcraLum
Mor eser Performance
eht detomorin p Isan
osla mayevahdeveloped
eW .sdrfor adnlong
ats time ago and it is divided into
evittypes.
two aerc hThe tiw first res cisimnon-dramatic
secivtype edaca eht ,tnperformance
empoleved because its content relate to the
.erutteaching,
religion, luc dna strcustom,
a fo noittale
avrethat
serp inset
eht dnina ,the
stpeway
cnocof life teaching, and flirting. The
dnaliahtype
second T foisndramatic
oisiv s’tnperformance
emnrevogehtbyreusing dnU the content from religious literature and
,ytivtale.
folk itaerThe
c ,ygperformer
olonhcet foplay esu as
ehta scharacter
ezisahpmeoftathe ht 0story
.4 and this kind of performance
use
,tneamlotpolof
evecharacters
d lanoitanso ritetswas of ocalled
t noit“MoravonnLum”.
i dna Lum Moo or group performing
developed
yltnerruc from era Lum ew ,yPuen.tilibanTheiatsuword
s dna“Lum ytirePuen”
psorp is an ancient language means
“Story”.
dna lanThe oitacone-man
ude evitashow erc ehist the poleway
ved of ot telling
deraperthep chronicle, history, and legend
which
esu ehthe t hstory
tiw sthasneduwritten
ts piuqon e oancient
t dna sm palm
etsysleafgnimanuscripts.
nrael In the previous time, the
Buddhist
evah eWMonk .egdewilllwonreadk fothe seistory
golonin hcean
t eimportant
vitavonni ceremony
fo such as funeral ceremony
and
dnaother
dehsfestivals.
ilpmocca From gnitavtheitlugeneral
cno ecnreading
atropmilater decathe
lp rhythm and playing Kaen were
added. .Afterwards,
tnempolevedwhen lanoitthean ehperformance
t rofsetaudarwas g tneeffected
iciforp from Likay or Thai popular
form of folk theatre, the villager applied the original literature to the drama. They added
more characters, improve the costume, play, and background. Mor Lum Moo was
divided into Mor Lum Rueng Tor Klon and Mor Lum Plearn,Mor Lum Plearn has a
beautiful rhythm by applying ianifolk
tiNtimusic
kuS.rDinstrument
 to universal music and the literature
was pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fMor
used to perform is the verse from the villagers. o tneLum
diserPPlearn in the beginning
has the appropriate both lyric and rhythm, moreover, performing with folk music is very
perfect. After that, the development lack of art value of original performance and
decline until lack of preservation. Without studying and finding the way to preserve,
Mor Lum Plearn will be gone from the society. From this issue bring to the study of
guideline to preserve and inherit the art of Mor Lum Plearn Performance, Kaen Yai
Sub-district in the Northeast Thailand.
2. Materials and Methods
The studied area was the North East Region of Thailand including of the study
areas are Nong Leang Village and Kaen Yai Village, Kaen Yai Sub-district, Kam Kuen
Kaew District, Yasothorn Province. Qualitative Research Methodology was
administered. Data were collected from the samples selected by Purposive Sampling,
total of 63persons. The instruments using for collecting data included: the Interview
Form, the Observation Form, Focus Group Discussion, workshop investigation by
Triangulation Technique according to specified in the study. The findings were
presented in descriptive analysis form.
3. The Result of Research
1. Singing with Kaen is very popular in the Southeast Asia, especially, in the
Northeast Thailand and Laos. When people initiate to believe in Buddhism around 12th
February
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& Cultures in
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363
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RAJAMANGALA
Buddhist UNIVERSITY
era, they absorbed OF TECHNOLOGY
the language culture both KRUNGTHEP
spoken and written.
Approximately 20th-24th Buddhist era, the literatures were occurred widely both prose
and verse therefore some of Message fromwas
the content the President
developed ofto the lyrics. Mor Lum is the
with Kaen as University
song that sing Rajamangala a main rhythm of Technology
and can beKrungthep
divided broadly into two
category that is non-dramatic performance and dramatic performance. The actors
RMUTK
perform as play in the religious tale and folk aims to be since
tale, furthermore, a creative
they aretechnology
the group
performance so it is call “Mor Lumuniversity in Asia. one
Moo”. Nowadays, The group
university hasmember
has the accordingly
about
30-100 people. Mor Lum Moo has many rhythm depends on the accent of each local personnel and
academic
such as the accent of Ubon Ratchathani curriculums
Province, that align
Khon Kaen to international
Province, and Kalasin
standards.
Provinceas well as each local mentioned can beWedivided
have into
alsotwo
promoted the isresearch
groups that 1) Lum
Rueng Tor Klon with the slow rhythm development,
and 2) the
Lumacademic
Plearnicwith
services withand
the fast creative
funny
rhythm. concepts, and the preservation of arts and culture.
devel
Figure
President of Rajamangala of
1 : Likay Performance the central
Universityof Thai
Figure 2 : The Khun Chang Khun Pan literature

3641dnalFebruary
Thailand


.erutluc dFigure
na stra3fo: the
noitSenior
avreserArtist
p eht of
dnaPor.
,stpRung
ecnocSilp Mor Lum Band
Figure 4 : Asawin Down Rung Mor Lum Plearn Band had developed their performance
from Por. Rung Silp, the famous Mor Lum Band in the Isan early age
Figure 5 : the juveniles who participate the training of Mor Lum Plearn Performance
February
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ofofTechnology
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365
Thailand15


preparedof to
Figure 6 : The young generation Mordevelop the their
Lum begin creative educational and
performance
devel
Figure 7 : the mixing of Mor Lum Plearn Music Band
Mor Lum Moo receive the influence of Likay Korat around 2475-2485 B.E.
Likay is the musical performance of central Thai and broaden widely to the Northeast
and the villagers think that it is strange so they train to perform. However, performing
Likay is not stay longer because villagers do not expert in central Thai dialect, after that
they adept it into Mor Lum by dressing and performing the same way but singing with
Mor Lum style. After World War II, Mor Lum Moo was very favorite extreamly and
around 2508 B.E. Lum Moo coincide with Lum Plearn.Mor Lum Plearn in the early age
often play the story of Kaew Nar Mar and Khun Chang Khun Pan, the popular story of
central Thai, since it has various style such as the character of King, villager, war,
snatch the other couple by magic and so on. Nevertheless, the lyric was written as Isan
prosody to conclude the long story shortly. The lyric is beautiful by emphasizing the
word and appropriate for the one night performing. The music instruments in the early
age are Kaen, Pin, Klong, Ching, and Chab and when play as band it has the
3661dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGLater,
perfectsound. NURKthe YGmodern
OLONHmusic C E T FO YTISREVwere
instruments INU Aadded
LAGNA MAafter
and JAR the
development freely, the value is lost and deteriorated until disappear from the orient. 2)
The current problem of Mor Lum fo tnPlearn
ediserP Bandeht is
moitrisf enot
gasspopular
eM as the same since Isan
people receive the pinfluence ehtgnurK ofymodern eT fo ytisrevand
golonhcperformance inUlack
alagof
naencouraging
majaR the youth
conscious and do not have a plan for preservation and inheritance. The current problem
ygoshould
that lonhcetbeevworried
itaerc a about eb otissm theia expert
KTUMartistsR are so old and lack of collect data
ylgnidrocca sso
systematically ah the
ytisproblem
revinu ementioned
hT .aisA nmust i ytisberevsolved
inu immediately.3) The guideline
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e d e h t n o de s u c of
to preserve and inherit the art of Mor Lum Plearn performance is to study and collect
lanoofitathe
data nreformer
tni ot artists
ngila bothtaht lyric
smuand lucirrhythm.
ruc cimThe edacresearch
a hold a meeting to plan and
hcraesframework
create er eht detotomawake orp oslthe a econscious
vah eW .of sdrathe
dnayouth
ts and analyzed it in order to
evitaercelements
develop htiw seof res cimedacto
civperformance a ebe htappropriated
,tnempoleveto d the current age such as costume,
.erutluc dstage,
background, na stralight
fo nandoitavsound,
reserp emoreover,
ht dna ,stpto ecnapply
oc the modern music instrument
dnalias
such ahTdrums,
fo noiguitar,
siv s’tnbassemnreguitar,
vogehtsaxophone,
rednU and trumpet, however, the style of
,ytivitaerc ,ygwill
performance olonbe hcetthe fo esame.
su eht sTheezisaprocedure
hpme taht 0of .4 inheritance is working in the
community
,tnempolevby ed training
lanoitathe n rjuvenile
etsof oand t nostudent
itavonnwho i dnstudy
a about folk music directly.
4.dnDiscussion
evah eW This.egstudy
delwocan nk befo discussed
seigolonhas cetfollows:
evitavonni fo
dna dehsil1. pmMor
occaLum gnitPlearn
avitlucwasno edeveloped
cnatropmi confront
decalp with Mor lum Reung Tor Klon
but its .special
tnempois levthe
ed lswitch
anoitanofehfast t rofand
setauslow
dargrhythm
tneicifofollowing
rp the performance of the
actor and the content as well as the additional music instruments such as Kaen or the
music instrument made from bamboo, Pinor Indian lute, drum, Chingor small cup-
shaped cymbals, and Chab or cymbals. The first popular band of Mor Lum Plearn and
has a chance to record itsiperformance anitiNtikuS.ris DPor. Rung Silp Band which is in accord with
Charoenchai
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU aThis
Chonphairot (1991 : 13). lagnaband
majaR is ffrom
o tnedYasothorn
iserP Province and its
first famous performance is Khun Chang Khun Pan. The entertainment business
investor turn to interesting in this business because of the big amount of consumers.
From this point, Mor Lum Performance is spread more widely in accordance with
Miller (1977). He studied the western music in music business of Thailand and found
that the music business in Bangkok is extended to the provinces all around region of
Thailand and effected to occurred the new kind of music around 1963 A.D. The new
music, the most popular Isan folk song is Mor Lum and the development of Mor Lum
by assuming that Mor LumPuen arise first then develop to Lum Klon, Lum Moo (Isan
Likay), and Mor Lum Plearn respectively. Especially, there are a lot of Lum Plearn
Bands rice about 40 years ago and most of the temples in Isan Village build the
permanent Mor Lum stage conform to Paiboon Paengngern (1991) .Mor Lum Plern was
very famous among 2015 – 2020 B.E. after that, this performance was faded, however,
there were the success and important band respectively as follows; Lum Plearn Cha
Rean Jai Band, Isan Lum Plearn Band, Roi-et Band, and Petch Saim.
2. The preservation and inheritance of Lum Plearn Performance as it has the
funny rhythm and of cause it is an outstanding point to attract the interesting of listeners
conform to Pronchai Kaewsakoo (1993). He studied the Lum Plearn of Bann Paeng,
Paeng Sub-district, Kosumpisai District, and found that the process of performance was
an important factor to make the Band more popular because it was the present of
entertainment, delectation, amusement and excitement. For the preservation and
inheritance, it should be developed and applied appropriately both new and old content
at the same time and be a part of the perception of the new generation in accord with
February
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University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
367
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
Nattapong UNIVERSITY
Parnpradub (2012). OFthe
He said that TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
guideline to develop Lum Plearn was
developing of the elements from each aspect. Existing of Lum Plearn at present must
always improve and change Message from
the style ofthe President of
performance by using proper and modern
techniques and strategies.
5. Conclusion  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology

focused on
Mor Lum is a folk performance the development
of Northeast Region ofof our personnel
Thailand and and
still
popular until now. It is adapted toacademic curriculums
the age, however, thatperformances
the new align to international
lack of the
root of Mor Lum. From this problem, standards.
the coreWeofhave
poem,also promoted
rhythm, the research
main point and the
process of performance of Mor Lum development, the academic
should be studied, ic services
furthermore, it canwith creative
be approved
base on the knowledge of exist art concepts,
to preserveandandthe preservation
inherit of arts
at the same time.and culture.
6. Reference 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
[1] Charoenchai Chonphairot.
prosperity(1991). Mor Lum-Mor we
and sustainability, Kaen,are Bangkok
currently:
Aksornsamai. prepared to develop the creative educational and
[2] _______. , Sittisak Champadaeng. (2009).
learning systems andMor Lum : students
to equip Mor Lum, thethe
with culture
use
of Isan Folk Music. ofIn Wattana
innovativeSilpasarn. 4 (2). of knowledge. We have
technologies
[3] Nattapong Parnpradub. placed (2012).
importanceLum Plearn : accomplished
oncultivating The Element and of
Development. Thesis Master
proficient of Arts Mahasarakham
graduatesfor : Mahasarakham
devel
University, 2012.
[4] Paiboon Pangngern. (19910. Klon Lum, Isan Folk Wisdom. Bangkok :
O.S.Printing House.
[5] Pornchai Keawsakoo. (1993). Dr.SukitNitinai
Lum Plearn of Bann Paeng, Paeng Sub-
district, Kosumpisai District, Maha Sarakham of
President of Rajamangala Universityof Province.
TechnologyThesis Master of
Krungthep
Arts Mahasarakham : Srinakharintarawirot University Maha Sarakham.
[6] Miller, Terry Ellis. (1997). “Kaen Playing and Mawlum Singing in
Northeast Thailand,” Dissertation Abstracts International. 38(4) :
1730-A ; October.
3681dnalFebruary
Thailand
P EH T
Satisfaction ofGstudent
NURK for
YGChinese
OLONHcommunication
CET FO YTISR1Eand
VINdevelopment
U ALAGNAGuidelines
MAJAR
fo Patipan
tnediserPKittinantawat
eht morf egasseM
pehtgInstitute
nurK ygof oloResearch
nhceT foand ytisDevelopment,
revinU alagnamajaR
RambhaiBarni Rajabhat University
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehBenjamat
T .aisA niYodsongkam
ytisrevinu
dna lennosrep ruo fo Institute
tnempoleofveResearch
d eht noand desDevelopment,
ucof
lanoitanretni ot ngila tRambhaiBarni
aht smulucirruRajabhat
c cimedaUniversity
ca
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedacTipwawan a eht ,tnemSingda,
poleved
.erutluc dna stra fo nInstitute
oitavresoferpResearch
eht dna ,and
stpecDevelopment,
noc
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tneRambhaiBarn
mnrevogeht reiRajabhat
dnU University
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof oZhanglong t noitavonnLiao i dna
yltnerruc era ew ,yInstitute
tilibaniatofsuResearch
s dna yand tirepDevelopment,
sorp
dna lanoitacude evitaercRambhaiBarni
eht poleved Rajabhat
ot derapUniversity
erp
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcetAbstract evitavonni fo
.tnThe
emppurposes
oleved lanofoithis
tan eresearch
ht rofsetawas
udarto
g tstudysatisfaction
neiciforp of student for Chinese
communication 1 and development Guidelines. The sample consisted of Student applied
register courses in academic year 2/2014. This research utilized the Survey
researchmethod with the use of interview and the data were analyzed using by
frequency, percentage, mean ianitand
iNtikstandard
uS.rD deviation.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinthat:
The research has found U ala1)
gnThe
amajasatisfaction
R fo tnediseof
rP student for Chinese
communication 1 is very good level, 2) Guidelines for the development of effective
teaching that the teacher should prepare the teaching materials to modernize for
understand the basic Chinese language of students as well as parties and encourage
students to participate in the class.
1. Introduction
Language is the origin of humanity. It has evolved to reflect the changing state
of the language, and this language has become the code of all knowledge and wisdom
transmitted from generation to generation. As society becomes more complex and
intertwined, language is increasingly important. Some languages are defined as
universal languages v cthat are widely used. The state of society is unified by
communication technology. Making the world of science and information as well as
information available throughout the world is open to people to search. To be used in
the development of quality of life. Occupation Therefore, it is believed that people in
the present society need to learn at least three languages: first language is mother tongue
or their own language. Second language is a regional language that is consistent with
the way people live. Korean or Malay, etc., and the third language is the universal
language. The language is widely used internationally, especially in English. People
with language skills become more likely to have access to information, as well as
opportunities to work and work. Over the last several decades language learning has
focused on English, French, and German, but not much in the eastern hemisphere, such
February
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as in RAJAMANGALA
Japan. Ago People UNIVERSITY
are more interested OF inTECHNOLOGY
studying Oriental KRUNGTHEP
languages. For trade
and investment reasons Chinese and Korean are more interested in studying. Especially
Message
because of the huge population andfrom the President
economic expansion of of the People's Republic of
Rajamangala
China, the average income of theUniversity
people has of Technology
increased. ItKrungthep
is the power to attract trade
and investment that everyone is watching. I have to say. "Every Road to China" has
resulted in the People's Republic of China RMUTK
becoming aims
one to be amost
of the creative technology
important trading
and investment markets in the world university
today.inInAsia.2011,Thetheuniversity
economy has accordingly
of the People's
Republic of China was the second focused
largest inonthethe development
world of our personnel
economy (Matichon, and
13 October
2012 : 32). academic curriculums that align to international
standards.
After the Ministry of Education We have
announces the also
Englishpromoted
Speaking theYear
research
2012
development,
project, the focus is on language learning. the academic
That's because ic services
the language is awith creative
staircase that
will lead us to success and a gatewayconcepts, and thecountries.
to foreign preservation of arts and English
In particular, culture. has
become the language of the ASEAN community. Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand,
All countries, including Thailand
must be ready for the arrival of the 4.0ASEAN
that emphasizes
Community the use of technology,
in 2016. People look creativity,
only in
English. In fact, English is the language that new generations
and innovation need to know
to foster national and talk
development,
about. Nowadays, if one can speak a third language
prosperity other than English
and sustainability, we are that is the
currently
advantage and become the immediate strength.
prepared Chinese isthe
to develop another language
creative that people
educational and
use around the world, second only to English.
learning systemsWhyand dotopeople
equip use Chinese
students withmore and
the use
become a language that people areofmore interested
innovative in studying?
technologies of The answer isWe
knowledge. nothave
that
China is very populous, but because placedChina's economiconcultivating
importance growth has grown rapidly, it
accomplished andis
projected that China will overtake the world
proficient economy asthe
graduatesfor a major USdevelopment.
national economy by 2020.
devel
In addition, China has announced the 12th Five-Year Socio-Economic Development
Plan, which will affect the global economy in terms of investment. As well as being part
of the ASEAN +3 This will affect regional economic cooperation, especially in the
South China Sea, including Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei and
Thailand, so it is undeniable that China is entering
President of Rajamangala Universityof into trade and investment
of Technology in the
Krungthep
future.
Chanthaburi is a province that has been trading with China for a long time.
Especially agricultural and other industries such as fishery, jewelry, jewelry. Tourism,
rubber and electronics, etc. With China's rapidly growing economy. It is expected that
in 2020, China will become the world's economic leader, replacing the United States.
The financial status of the population is stronger than ever. 1,400,000,000 People of
China In addition to the overseas Chinese in other ASEAN countries. Chinese is
important for the commercial opportunities of Chanthaburi. And more and more
business jobs. The statistics of the import and export goods between Chanthaburi and
China, such as seasonal fruits, rubber, jewelry, jewelry, etc. total value of more than
1000 million per year, the near future. The policy of the ASEAN Community. Chinese
is a very important language for the opening of the ASEAN Community as compared to
other regional languages. Although China is not in the ASEAN region. From the
ASEAN +3 FTA China has become a part of the community. The researcher hopes that
this research will succeed. It is another step of teaching research to study the satisfaction
of teaching and learning development. Can be used as reference to help the benefit to
students and teachers effectively.
2. Related documents and research
Meaning and concept of satisfaction the definition of Satisfaction has given

the definition of satisfaction a variety of meanings. The Dictionary of the Royal
3701dnalFebruary
Thailand
InstituteP(1999)
EHTGhas NUgiven
RK Ythe GOmeaning
LONHCof ETsatisfaction
FO YTISR EVsatisfaction
that INU ALAG NAMto
means AJlove
AR and
enjoyment means satisfaction.
Charrianee (1992) proposed the fo theory
tnediseof rPsatisfaction.
eht morf egThe asseperson
M will do anything to be
happy and to avoidpedoing htgnuwhat rK yghe oloornhshe ytisrevinorU hardship.
ceTisfosuffering alagnamaThere
jaR may be three
types of satisfaction in this category: psychological satisfaction. Psychological
ygolonhceist the
hedonism evitaview
erc aofebtheotsatisfaction
smia KTUthat MR human beings naturally seek personal
ylgnidrocor
happiness ca avoid
sah ysuffering.
tisrevinu Egoistic
ehT .aisA ni ytisreisvithe
hedonism nu view of the satisfaction that man
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le ve d
is Trying to seek personal happiness. Ethical hedonism. e h t n o d e s uc of This view holds that human
lanoitaseek
beings nretnhappiness
i ot ngilafortahthe t sbenefit
mulucirrofuchumanity
cimedacaor the society in which they are
hcraeserand
members ehtaredeaffected.
tomorp One osla advantage
evah eW .sdradnats
evitaerc hCourse ivres ctoimformal
tiw secrefers edaca instructional
eht ,tnempolrequirements.
eved Or through a systematic
draft..erInclude
utluc dnadetails
stra fo of noittheavresprinciples,
erp eht dnaobjectives,
,stpecnoc structure, contents, activities,
dnaliahT foornomethods
approaches isiv s’tneof mnteaching
revogeht mediarednU activities, measurement and evaluation.
,ytivitaercthe
Including ,ygtiming
olonhcof et fteaching
o esu ehtactivities
sezisahpm e taht 0.4 2000: 2).The course is like a
(Dissertation,
compass
,tnempolfor eveeducational
d lanoitan purposes.retsof otTonohelp itavostudents
nni dnaachieve the goals of the national
education
yltnerruc plan, era theewcurriculum
,ytilibanianeedstsus to dnabe ydeveloped.
tirepsorp To be a knowledgeable person
and
dnadevelop
lanoitacinudalle easpects.
vitaerc The eht course
polevedalso ot helps
derapindividuals.
erp Can set the career path
based
esu eonht hability.
tiw stnAptitude
eduts piuand qe ointerest
t dna sm toebetsyuseful
s gninrto aethe
l society and the nation. And to
help
evahdevelop
eW .egthe delnation
wonk to foprosperity
seigolonhin cetallevaspects.
itavonni fo
3. Curriculum
.tnempoledesign
ved lanrefers
oitan eto ht the
rofscomposition
etaudarg tneiciforp
Or the elements of the curriculum, such as the aims, contents, activities,

learning and evaluation.
BoSam has outlinedianikey
tiNtielements
kuS.rD that must be documented in four curriculum
materials: content and methodology.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU General Purpose
alagnam ajaR foand
tnedSpecific
iserP Purpose the course
is intended for teaching and learning. And evaluation is considered essential and
important for the course. The course curriculum will help to manage the curriculum to
include more principles, principles and systems, such as curriculum development.
Curriculum development and evaluation of personnel management courses About the
course Making the components of the curriculum more effective. The course must be
designed by a teacher, not someone else. By encouraging creativity, teaching and
learning, rather than designing the curriculum, there are seven steps.
Stage 1: Essential Requirements Analysis
Step 2: Define Objectives
Step 3: Select the content.
Stage 4: Content Management
Step 5: Select the learning experience.
Step 6: Manage learning experiences
Step 7: Decide what to evaluate and how to evaluate.
The development of meaning by the term refers to. Change one thing to grow,
grow and improve to be satisfied. This meaning. It is a source of meaning in Thai
language and a way to define other meanings Development is generally understood.
Meaning is close to the meaning of the term is to make a change from one condition to
another better than systematically. It is a quality comparison between the condition of
one thing at different times, that is, if the present situation is better. More than that, it
shows that development (Pakorn Prachakorn. 1995 : 5)
February
International
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& Cultures in
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371
Thailand15

Developmental meaning
Developers have given the meaning of development to two levels: narrow
meaning and broad meaning. Message from the
Development is President
defined asofa change in the quality of an
action system, aRajamangala University
change in quality. of Technology
The broad definition ofKrungthep
development is the process
of change in the whole system of action. The volume and the environment are improved
at the same time, not one side.  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
university
Development in the meaning of in
theAsia. The university
development has accordingly
of the concept is more
extensive than the definition of the term. Meaningfulness and the economic meaning personnel and
mentioned above because it meansacademic a change curriculums
of one thing.that alignoftoquality
In terms international
(better),
standards.not
quantity (more) and environment (Optional) We have also
a one-sided promoted
change. the 2004).
(Twilight, research
Community developersdevelopment, the academic
have given meaning. ic servicesrefers
Development withto creative
the fact
concepts,
that people in the community and society in and the preservation
general of artsto
share the activities and culture.their
improve
own abilities. And together, change theUnder qualitythegovernment’s
of life of thevision of Thailand
community. The
development as a strategy or the way 4.0 that emphasizes
to (Ends) theresults
desired use ofistechnology, creativity,
better quality of life,
community and society. Community developersto have
and innovation fostergiven the development,
national definition of
development closer to the sociologist as a way and
prosperity to change human and we
sustainability, humanaresociety. But
currently
community developers focus on human prepared beings in the community,
to develop the creative must work together
educational and
and get results from joint development.
Teaching Chinese in Thailandof innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
Based on study and historical evidence. Thailand
placed importance and China
oncultivating have beenand
accomplished in
contact since the Sukhothai period. Manygraduatesfor
proficient Chinese migrate to live development.
the national in Thailand. And a
devel
minority community. Therefore, the study of Chinese in Thailand was born with the
migration to China of China. Motivation of early Chinese teaching. The need for
children to inherit their language and culture. The teacher taught at home. Teaching
Chinese at the Shrine Or send to study in China. And when the time has run. The
economic and politicalPresident
situation ofinRajamangala
Thailand andUniversityof
China has changed. It Krungthep
of Technology also affects
Chinese language teaching in Thailand. By the time China was ruled by the communist
regime. Chinese language teaching in Thailand has been closely monitored. People who
learn Chinese are often seen as communists, and in 1975, Thailand and China
established diplomatic relations. Chinese teaching is becoming more important one
more time. Over time Chinese people are seen as the land behind the bamboo curtain in
the past. Back to the top of the world economy. There must be something interesting to
learn in this open territory to the public.
4. Reference
[1] Beauchamp, R.H. (1981). Education: A Source Book. New York :

Garland.
[2] Kotler, P, & Armstrong, G. (2001). Principles of marketing. (9th ed.).
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
[3] Kaplan, (1996). The Balanced Scorecard :translating strategy into action.
Massachusetts : Harvard Business School Press.
[4] Pride, W. M., & Ferrell, O. C. (1987). Marketing Concepts and
Strategies. Boston : Houghton Miffin.
[5] Schiffman, L.G., &Kanuk, L. L. (1987). Consumer Behavior . New
Jersey: Prentice Hall.
3721dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNURThe
K YG OLON
Honey HCMumford
and E T FO Y T ISREVIN
Learning U ALAGNAMAJAR
Styles
fo tneDaren
diserPM
ehWright
t morf egasseM
pehtgBA
nurTESOL, nhceT fo ytisreCOLLEGE.
K ygoloTHONGSOOK vinU alagnamajaR
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KAbstract TUMR 

dna lenThisnosrearticle
p ruo isfoantnongoing
empolevstudyed ehapplied
t no dein suan
cofElementary level course at a well-
lanoitalanguage
known nretni otcenter
ngilaintaThailand.
ht smuluThe cirrustudy
c cimexamines
edaca the listening performances of
hcraeserthroughout
students eht detomthe orp development
osla evah eof W six.sdrclasses
adnats based on the songs: Human ,
evitaerc Mercedes
Imagine, htiw seciBenz, imedin
vres cCats acatheehcradle,
t ,tnem, pandolevHello,
ed Where is the love? Results of
.erutluindicate
this study c dna stthat
ra fothis
noittype
avreofsermaterial
p eht dnacan ,stpfoster
ecnoc better listening skills and engage
dnaliahTin fodiscussions
students noisiv s’tnabout
emnrecultural
vogeht rand ednUsocial issues. Likewise, results show that
,ytivitaerclistening
practicing ,ygolonhcwith
et fo esongs
su ehtcansezisbecome
ahpme taahtgood0.4 way to train students in the
development
,tnempoleveof d higher
lanoitalevels
n retsofofcomprehension.
ot noitavonni dna
Due
yltntoerruthe
c fact
era that
ew in,yThailand
tilibaniatstheus academic
dna ytireand psorprofessional
p world is getting more
demanding
dna lanoiteach acudeday,
evitthere
aerc is ehalways
t polevethe d oneed
t deratopeimprove
rp foreign language teaching
and
esu learning;
eht htiw thisstnedmeans,
uts piuqhaving
e ot dna sgood
metsydevelopment
s gninrael of the four skills (listening,
speaking,
evah eWwriting,
.egdelwand
onk reading)
fo seigolwhen
onhcelearning
t evitavoEnglish.
nni fo However, this development is
not
dnabeing
dehswell
ilpmdone
occa bygniatasignificant
vitlucno ecamount
natropmof i dESL
ecalpinstructors. An example of this is
the low.tnlevel
empolof evelistening
d lanoitancomprehension
eht rofsetaudargsome tneiciESL
forp learners have of the English
language. Therefore, how and when do we create authentic listening activities based on
English songs, students’ listening skill can be fostered and how these activities can be
culturally meaningful and motivating for them. The results obtained in the ongoing
study will not attempt to make ianitiaNwide-scope
tikuS.rD generalization, but, they will suggest future
changes
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU and
in teaching listening practices alaghopefully
namajaR fwill o tneencourage
diserP ESL instructors to
create new projects with the same or similar goals.
Keywords: English as Second Language (ESL), meaningful, participating, motivating.
1. Theoretical framework
The theoretical support of this study is based on three main elements: listening,
songs as authentic material and the link between songs and culture.
Listening, definition and difficulties
As defined by Oxford (1993 : 206), listening is a complex problem solving
skill and it is more than just perception of the sounds. Listening includes comprehension
of meaning words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and connected discourse. Furthermore,
according to Saricoban (1999), listening is one of the fundamental language skills. It is
a medium through which children, young people and adults gain a large portion of their
information, their understanding of the world and of human affairs, their ideals, sense of
values, and their appreciation.Rivers (1978) says that listening is a creative skill. It
means we comprehend the sound falling on our ears, and take the raw material of
words, arrangements of words, and the rise and fall the voice, and from this material we
create significance. He also states that listening skill is listening with comprehension,
attention and appreciation. Then, listening activity needs to integrate skills of language,
such as pronunciation, vocabulary mastery, writing, speaking, and reading.
February
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& Cultures in
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373
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RAJAMANGALA
Songs as authenticUNIVERSITY
material OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
According to Hornby (1990), a song is a piece of music with words that is
Message package
sung. Song is also a great language from thethatPresident
bundlesof culture, vocabulary, listening,
host of other University
grammar and a Rajamangala of Technology
language skills in just a fewKrungthep
rhymes. Songs can also
provide a relaxed lesson. They can also form the basis for many lessons (Futonge,
2005). Ross (2006) says that the exampleRMUTK aimslistening
of authentic to be materials
a creativeis technology
listening to
song to learn more about well-known university in Asia.
bands that sing inThe university
English. As wehasknow accordingly
wherever
we are, songs always follow us at home, at school, at office, at cars, and so on. So,and
focused on the development of our personnel we
academic
can directly listen to the song and also interestcurriculums that of
to learn the value align to international
language in it. When
standards.
designing lessons and teaching materials to We have
further also listening
develop promotedcomprehension
the research
skills, students need to be motivateddevelopment, the academic
and stay motivated. Thisic isservices with creative
best accomplished by
concepts,
determining the suitable of the listening and thesuch
material preservation
as the useofof arts andas
song culture.
authentic
material. The use of song stimulates and motivates students to comprehendvision oftheThailand
content
of materials. 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
2. Link between songs and culture prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
Communicative competence involves
learning systemssociolinguistic, strategic,with
and to equip students discourse,
the use
sociocultural, social as well as linguistic competence
of innovative (Van Ek, of
technologies 1986). According
knowledge. Wetohave
this,
we know that competence in speaking placedwith native speakers
importance is far more
oncultivating than a question
accomplished and
of knowing the grammar and lexis and being
proficient able to operate
graduatesfor them indevelopment.
the national real time. Broadly
devel
speaking, we can say that language teaching has been influenced by internal factors
above all in the search for methods of teaching the linguistic dimension and more by
external factors as far as the cultural dimension or cultural awareness is concerned.
When Byram and Risager (1999) refer to cultural dimension, three related aspects of
foreign language teaching and learning are referred. First ofofall,
President of Rajamangala Universityof there is that
Technology aspect of
Krungthep
communicative competence which enables a foreign-speaker of a language to
understand the ways in which a language can be used in specific sociocultural contexts
and can refer to the cultural knowledge and pre-suppositions of specific groups of
native-speakers. Second, there is the ability of a foreign-speaker to reflect upon his/her
own culture, how it appears to outsiders, and how a relationship can be established
between it and the cultures of others in order to facilitate communication, despite
different cultural perspectives. Third, there is the ability of the teacher of foreign
languages to mediate between learners’ cultures and others, to help learners to acquire
their own capacity for mediation, and to stimulate learners’ interest in other cultures in
general, irrespective of the link with a specific language.
The study
The ongoing study that I conducted was a classroom action research. A
study which is conducted in a classroom to increase the quality of listening and
speaking teaching and learning practices. According to Burns (1999), the major focus of
action research is on concrete and practical issues of immediate concern to particular
social groups or communities. It is conducted in naturally occurring settings, primarily
using methods common to qualitative research such as observing and recording events
and behaviors. It can also be defined as an action that is done to solve an identify
problems in the classroom.
Study Questions
3741dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHThe TGmain
NURK YGO
study LONHC
question ETguides
that FO YTthisISRwas:
EVINHow
U AL AGEnglish
can NAMAJsongs
AR be
used as a tool to foster listening skills as well as to engage students in cultural
knowledge? fo tnediserP eht morf egasseM
Participants peh nurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
oftgstudy
This project was carried out at a well-known language center in Thailand .
ygospecific
The lonhcet settingfor
evitaerc athis ebresearch
ot smiastudyKTUwas MRthe regular  English Elementary classes ,
ylgnidI rdirectly
which occa sahtaughtytisre,most
vinu of ehthe
T .atime.
isA nThese
i ytisgroups
revinu range between 8 and 20 students
dna the
. All lenstudents
nosrep rneed
uo fotottake
nemp30 oleEnglish
ved ehtcourses
no desduring
ucof their programs.
3.hcProcedures
raeser eht for detodata
morpcollection
osla evah eW .sdradnats
.erutIn
lucorder
dna sto
tracollect
fo noitathe vreinformation
serp eht dna needed
,stpecnoto c answer my research question; I
dnaliahT fthe
considered o nopertinence
isiv s’tnem ofnrusing
evogehat questionnaire,
rednU classroom observations, students’
,ytivitaerc and
documents ,ygolaonsemi-structured
hcet fo esu eht sinterview.
ezisahpmeFirst,taht 0I.4applied a questionnaire to know
listening
,tnempostudents’
leved lanbackground
oitan retsoas f well
ot nasoittheir
avonninterests.
i dna Secondly, I collected students’
documents
yltnerruc and era based
ew on ,ytilthe
ibansix
iatsclasses
us dnaandytobserved
irepsorp the performance of the students
during
dna lathenoilessons.
tacude eFinally,
vitaerc I edeveloped
ht poleveda feedback
ot derapesession
rp in order to analyze students’
final
esu reflections
eht htiw stabout
nedutsthe piuwhole
qe ot success
dna smeoftsythe
s gstudy.
ninrael
4. Conclusion
As a result of the information collected, it is possible to say that songs are the
most valuable type of authentic material to develop listening comprehension in the ESL
classroom. This is evidentiathat
nitiNstudents
tikuS.rDfeel
 motivated when working with this kind of
material;
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamcontexts
furthermore, learners ‘ages and social ajaR fo treally
nedisefit
rPwith the kind of music
we can personally select to work with in class. I also found that the use of songs in the
classroom motivates the student’s wants to attend lessons and pay attention more in
class. Songs are culturally produced and share values, commitment, responsibility, love,
history, traditions, customs, and specific characteristics of spoken language.
Understanding the language and culture students are learning through songs is much
more attractive for them. Songs are also easily available; songs present new vocabulary
and expressions in context. Through songs students become familiar with the
pronunciation of native speakers, and they also provide topics for discussion. Most
students enjoy listening and analyzing songs because of the fact that music is
everywhere.
5. Reference

[2] Hornby, A. S. (1990). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current
English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Teachers. The Internet TESLJournal.
[4] Saricoban, A. (December 1999). The Teaching of Listening. The Internet
TESL Journal. Available at: [http://iteslj.org/Articles/Saricoban-
Listening.html]
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
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Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
[5] Underwood, UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
M. (1990). Teaching KRUNGTHEP
listening. London: Longman.
[6] Van Duzer, C. (1997). Improving ESL learners’ listening skill: At the
workplace Message from theAvailable
and beyond. President at:
of [http://www.cal.org/caela
/esl_resources/digests/LISTENQA.html]
[7] Van Ek, J. (1986). Objectives for Foreign Language Learning (Vol I.).
Estrasburgo: Council RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
 of Europe.
devel
3761dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNURK YGOLTHE ONHHUNGER

CET FO YGAMES TISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Translation Strategies of Incomplete Sentences from English to Thai in THE
fo tnHUNGER
ediserP ehGAMES
t morf egasseM
Naowarat Intaraprasit
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smiArkom a KTUM R
Srabua 
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT Saiyud .aisA niUraisakul
ytisrevinu
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempIntaraprasit
oleved eht 04@gmail.com.
no desucof
.erutThis
luc dnresearch
a stra fo nwas
oitavarequalitative
serp eht dnaresearch
,stpecnocwhich aimed to studytranslation
dnaliahT of
strategies fo incomplete
noisiv s’tnesentences
mnrevogehfromt redEnglish
nU to Thaiin THE HUNGER GAMES
,ytivitaercby
composed ,ygSUZANNE
olonhcet fo eCOLLINS
su eht seziand
sahpThai
me taVersion
ht 0.4 translated by Suphakroj,Nara.
The
,tneresults
mpolevshowed
ed lanothat
itanthereincomplete
tsof ot nosentence
itavonni structures
dna used in this work were most
ofyltclauses,
nerruc ethen ra enoun
w ,ytphrases
ilibaniatsand
us prepositional
dna ytirepsorphrases.
p In terms of translation
strategies,
dna lanofreeitacutranslation
de evitaercwas ehused
t polmost.
eved ot deraperp
Key
esu words
eht hti:wIncomplete
stneduts psentence,
iuqe ot dntranslation
a smetsys strategies
gninrael
1.dnIntroduction
a dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
Translation is a thought process in which the translator must use a variety of
knowledge, such as academic, cultural, linguistic, social, etc. to collect the original
meaning from the source languageand transfer accuracy and meaningful in the
translated version together iawiththe
nitiNtikuthemes
S.rD and styles of writing as closeto the original
as ppossible, including other elements
ehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU inathe
lagnoriginal
amajaRcontent
fo tnedisuch
serP as ideas, concepts and
etc. That is, the translators must not include their comments in the translation.
Translation is both the technical and the art work. The technical part is a part of
knowledge about languages, culture and othersof the original language that helps to
understand the original source. Art is a part of the ability to use the language to translate
more quality work (Ariyapithan.,Sumon, 2005). From the study of translation strategies
it was found that most studies were mainly in the level of words such as nouns,
pronouns, verbs, adjectives, nouns,and compound words (Theppang.,Attchara,2012).
The translators must have good knowledge both in the source language and in the
receptor language. They must also have knowledge and background in the subject to
translate and must have the ability to use the language well so that they can vividly
convey the ideas of the original authors to the readers of translated language. This
research focuses on translation strategies of incomplete sentences from English to Thai
in THE HUNGER GAMES as a translation technique used in entertainment media
together with the results of the research“Analysis of the Structure of English
Descriptive Writing” (Intaraprasit.,Naowarat, 2012). The research found that the most
common form of sentence structure used in this writing is simple sentence and complex
sentence. The author also used incomplete sentence structure in storytelling.
WriteGuide., Inc. (Nd) described the meaning of an incomplete sentence as "An
incomplete sentence may be defined as any word or group of words that creates the
subject of a sentence, but fails to create a predicate." The nedpc.net.described an
incomplete sentence that does not express a complete thought a subject or verb is
missing. The translators must have a translation strategy that can clearlyconvey
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
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377
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
meaning to the readers andUNIVERSITY OFtheTECHNOLOGY
keep the taste of KRUNGTHEP
story.Therefore, this research is to study
translation strategiesofincomplete sentences and the results of the research can be used
as an example about theMessage from
translation the President
strategies in theofcourse of 603-12-09 Basic
Translation. Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
2. Research Aims  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology

focused
To study translation strategies on the development
of incomplete of our
sentences from personnel
English to Thaiand
in
THE HUNGER GAMES academic curriculums that align to international
3. Delimitation of Research
This research studied only the translation strategies used invision of Thailand
the translation of
incomplete sentence in the novel The Hunger Games with the Thai translated creativity,
version
by Suphakroj.,Nara. and innovation to foster national development,
4. Research Methodology learning systems and to equip students with the use
This research was a qualitative research aimed to study the translation
strategies used in the translation of incomplete sentences from English into Thai in the
devel
novel THE HUNGER GAMES, the research process was as follows.
1. Study the related documents and researches in terms of incomplete
sentence, the theory of translation and translation strategies and can summarized the
theory to be used in this research as shown:
1.1. Incomplete sentences can be divided into:
1.1.1 A clause begins with subordinating conjunctionssuch asbecause,
although, before and after,or a clause begins with coordinating conjunctions such asbut,
so,and.
1.1.2 A participle phraseis a phrase beginning with a verb with-ing or
a verb with-ed or a past participle verb.
1.1.3 An infinitive phrase is a phrase beginning withan infinitive with
to
1.1.4 A verb phraseis a phrase beginning with the verb, but without
the subject showing the verb.
1.1.5 An appositiveis a group of noun that modifies other nouns.
1.2Translation Strategies comprises followings:
1.2.1 Literal translationis a translation trying to maintain the most
original meaning, melody, form and structure. It focuses on completeness, accuracy of
the original without cutting or adding words or messages.
1.2.2 Free translationis a translation that mainly aims to maintain the
main idea of the original. It may be possible to cut or add non-essential texts to help
readers understand the translated text. This translation is a popular strategy for
translating non-emphasized forms such as novels. (Vimonchalao,.Woranat, 2000)
1.2.3 Transliterationis the literal transcription and replacement of
letter (Vessakosol.,Pimpan,cited in Krai-on., Sateeratt, 2013)
2. Data Collecting Procedure was as follows:
2.1 Collecting the incomplete sentences from Original English version of
the novel THE HUNGER GAMES composed by Suzanne Collins-27 chapters in total.
3781dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEH2.2 TGCollecting
NURK YG OL
the ONHCEwords
translated T FO from YTIStheREtranslated
VINU ALversion AGNAM AJAR by
translated
Suphakroj.,Nara.
3. The data analysis fprocess
o tnediswas
erPas ehfollows:
t morf egasseM
pehtgnuthe
3.1.Analyzing rK ydata
goloof eT fo ytisresentences
nhcincomplete vinU alagby namcomparingthe
ajaR source
language and the receptor language.
ygolonhcet3.2.Using
evitaerc translation
a eb ot sstrategies
mia KTUfrom MR the translation  theory by analyzing all
ylgstrategies
the nidrocca found
sah ytand
isrematchingthe
vinu ehT .aisourcelanguage
sA ni ytisrevinwith u thereceptor language.
dna lennos3.3. rep Collecting
ruo fo tnedata
mpotolevsummarize
ed eht no andpresent
desucof the results in the tables.
4.hcResults
raeser eht detomorp osla evah eW .sdradnats
.erutInlucthe
dnapresentation
stra fo noitaof
vreresearch
serp eht dresults,
na ,stperesearchers
cnoc presented the data in the
dnaliahT foincluding
tablesbelow noisiv s’Source
tnemnrLanguage,
evogeht redReceptor
nU Language, and Translation strategies
as,yfollows:
Table
yltner1:ruThe
c eexamples
ra ew ,yoftilAdjective
ibaniatsusPhrase
dna and ytirtranslation
epsorp strategies
evah eW .egdeLanguage
Source lwonk fo seigolonhceReceptor
t evitavonLanguage ni fo Translation strategies
1 .tnShocked.
empoleved lanoitan eht rofsetช็aอuกdarg tneiciforp Transliteration
2 Sexy. เซ็กซี Transliteration
3 Silly and sparkly and สมองกลวง ประกายวิ บ วั
บ และถูก ลื ม free translation
forgettable.
4 Beautiful. มันสวยงามมาก Free translation
5 So cold, so bitterly cold หนาวเหลือเกิน คืนนี หนาวจับใจ Free translation
tonight.
6 Warm and curious. อบอุน่ และใคร่ร้ ู Literal translation
7 Rhythmic and lulling. เป็ นจังหวะเหมือนบทเพลงขับกล่อม Free translation
8 Very cozy. น่าอยูจ่ ริ งๆ Literal translation
9 Powerful, well trained, but เขามี พ ละกํ า ลั ง ผ่ า นการฝึ กสอนมา Free translation
smart? อย่างดี แต่เรื องฉลาดรึเปล่านีสิ
10 Rabid. บ้ าคลัง Literal translation
11 Feral. ดุร้าย Literal translation
12 Mad. เสียสติ Literal translation
13 Innocent. ไร้ เดียงสา Literal translation
14 Harmless. ไม่มีอนั ตราย Literal translation
February
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Conference
2018 Rajamangala on Arts &ofCultures
University
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Technology
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Source Language Receptor Language Translation Strategies
1 Very. Rajamangala University
เมาจัดเสียด้ วย of Technology Krungthep Free translation
2 Ever. ไม่มีเลย Free translation
3 Not really. ก็ไม่เชิง Free translation
4 Really? จริ งเหรอfocused on the development Literaloftranslation
our personnel and
5 Not really. ก็ไม่เacademic
ชิง Free translation
curriculums that align to international
6 Right? standards.
หรื อไม่จริ งล่ะ We have also
Free translationthe research
promoted
7 Not exactly at them. ทีจริ งก็ไม่เชิงยิงใส่หรอก Free translation
8 A little. นิดหน่อย Literal translation
9 Immediately. ทันที4.0 that emphasizes the use Literal translation creativity,
of technology,
10 But carefully. แต่ดand innovation
้ วยความระมั ดระวัง to foster national
Literal development,
translation
11 Why? prosperity
ทําไมเหรอ and Literal translation currently
sustainability, we are
12 Really? learning systems and to Free
งั นเหรอ equiptranslation
13 Why? ทําไมน่ofะเหรอinnovative technologies Freeoftranslation
knowledge. We have
14 All right? ตกลงไหมplaced importance oncultivating accomplished and
Literal translation
15 Hardly. proficient
คงยาก graduatesfor the national devel
development.
Literal translation
16 Only sometimes. แค่บางครัง เท่านัน Literal translation
17 All right. ถูก Literal translation
18 Right now. ตอนนี เลย Literal translation
19 Not yet. President
มันof ยังไม่Rajamangala
เกิดขึ น Universityof
of Technology
Free translation Krungthep
20 Or…already หรื อว่า...เขาตกหลุมรักอยูแ่ ล้ ว? Free translation
desperately in love?
21 Right now. ณ เวลานี  Literal translation
22 Right. ถูกต้ อง Literal translation
23 But why? เพราะอะไร Free translation
Table 3: The examples of Infinitive Phrase and translation strategies
Source Language Receptor Language Translation

Strategies
1 To appear weak and frightened, to ที จ ะให้ ดู อ่ อ นแอและหวาดหวั น Free translation

reassure the other tributes that he is no เพื อให้ บ รรณาการคนอื นๆสบายใจ
competition at all, and then come out ว่ า เ ข า ไ ม่ ใ ช่ คู่ แ ข่ ง แ ล้ ว ค่ อ ย
fighting.
แผลงฤทธิทีหลัง
2 Once to receive the medal for my ครั ง หนึ งเพือ การรั บ เหรี ยญสํา หรั บ Free translation
father’s death and then yesterday to การเสียชีวิตของพ่อ อีกครัง เมือวาน
say my final goodbyes to my friends นี เพือรํ าลาเพือนๆและครอบครัว
and family.
3801dnalFebruary
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3 Not PEtoHmodel
TGNUflashyRK YG OLONHand
costumes CET eatFOไม่Yใช่TเพืIอSเป็Rนแบบเสื
EVINอ ผ้Uาหรู
AหLรื อAกิG
น NFree
AMA JAR
translation
delicacies. อาหารชันเยี ยม
4 To tell or not ptoehtell? tgnurK ygolonhceT fo บอกหรื ytisrอeไม่vบinอกดีU alagnamajaRFree translation
5 To be there when I wake up. และอยูท่ ีนนั เมือฉันตืน Literal translation
6 ygolJust onhctoetwipe evitamyercnose. a eb ot smia KTUMR แค่ปาดจมูกเท่านั น Literal translation
7 y lg n i dr oc c a sa h y t i sr e v i n
To mentor the girl from District 12. u e hT .a i s A n i y t i sre v i n u
ให้ คํา ปรึ กษาแก่เด็ก ผู้ห ญิ งจากเขต Literal translation
12
8 To see Peeta and Cinna, to find out เพื อ ไปหาพี ต้ า กั บ ซิ น น่ า เพื อ รู้ ให้ Literal translation
more about what’s been going on.
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedaca eht ,tnemมากกว่ polevานีedว่าเกิดอะไรขึ น
Tabledn4:alThe
iahTexamples
fo noisivofs’Noun tnemnPhraserevogeand
ht retranslation
dnU strategies
yltneSource
rruc eLanguage
ra ew ,ytilibaniatsusReceptor dna yLanguage
tirepsorp Translation
dna lanoitacude evitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp Strategies
1 evahMashed-ineW .egdenose, lwonkhalf fo of seigone
olonhจมูcกeเละ
t evหูiแtหว่
avงoไปข้nnาiงหนึ
foง ดวงตาสีเหมือน Free translation
dna ear dehmissing,
silpmoccaeyes gnittheavitcolor
lucno ecnatropmi decalp
ฟั กทองเน่า
of.trotting
nemposquash.
leved lanoitan eht rofsetaudarg tneiciforp
2 Scrawny kitten, belly เจ้ าลูกแมวน้ อยผอมกะหร่ อง ท้ องบวมเป่ งเต็ม Free translation
swollen with worms, ไปด้ วยพยาธิ เห็บยุบ่ ยับ ตามตัว
crawling with fleas.
3 Fluffy clouds. ianitiNtikuหมูSเ่ .มฆเป็
rD นปุย Literal translation
4 A thick carrot soup, green ซุปแครอตข้ น สลัดผัก สเต๊ กเนื อ แกะกับมันบด Literal translation
salad, lamb chops and เนยแข็งกับผลไม้ เค้ กช็อกโกแลต
mashed potatoes, cheese and
fruit, a chocolate cake.
5 A monstrous boy who เด็กหนุ่มร่ างยักษ์ ป่าเถือนทีปรี ออกมาขออาสา Literal translation
lunges forward to volunteer จากเขต 2
from District 2.
6 A fox-faced girl with sleek เด็ ก สาวหน้ า ตาเจ้ า เล่ ห์ ผ มสี แ ดงเรี ย บเป็ นมัน Free translation
red hair from District 5 จากเขต 5
7 A boy with a crippled foot เด็กหนุ่มเท้ าพิการจากเขต 10 Literal translation
from District 10.
8 The silent salute. การสดุดีอย่างเงียบๆ Literal translation
9 Dandelions, pokeweed, wild แดนดิไลออน โพกวีด หัวหอมป่ า ลูกสน Literal translation
onions, pines.
10 The dark red hair, the ผมสี แ ดงเข้ ม ใบหน้ าสะดุด ตา ผิ ว ขาวราว Free translation
striking features, the กระเบื องเคลือบ
porcelain white skin.
11 Big laugh. เสียงหัวเราะครื น Free translation
FebruaryInternational
February 15-17, 2018Conference
Rajamangala
onUniversity
Arts & Cultures in CreativeSuvarnabhumi,
University ofofTechnology
Technology Economy
381
Thailand15
Table 5: TheRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY

examples of Prepositional OFtranslation
Phrase and TECHNOLOGYstrategiesKRUNGTHEP

Source Language of Technology Krungthep
Receptor Language Translation Strategies
1 Just a squirrel. แค่กระรอกตัวRMUTK

เดียวเอง aims to be a Literal
creative technology
translation
2 Like me. เหมือนฉัน Literal translation
3 Because of the bread, academic
เพราะขนมปั curriculums
งนัน เพราะแนวปู ดแดงบนโหนก that alignFree to
translation
international
because of the red weal that แก้standards.
ม We have also promoted the research
stood out on his cheekbone. development, the academic ic services with creative
4 Except for the weekly เ ว้ น แ ต่ ก า ร บ ร ร ย า ย สั ป ด า ห์ เ กี ย ว กั บ ofLiteral
concepts, and the preservation arts and culture.
translation
lecture on the history of ประวัติศาสตร์ ของพาเน็ Underม thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
Panem 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
5 Like a long dream that ราวกั and บความฝั innovation
นยืดยาวแปรเปลีtoยนเป็foster นฝั นร้ าย national development,
Free translation
deteriorated into a prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
nightmare. prepared to develop the creative educational and
6 From the branches hang ปลายกิ learning งไม้ มีระฆัsystems
งลมห้ อยอยู่and เป็ นทีto equip
มาของเสี ย students with the use
Free translation
hundreds of wind chimes, งกรุof innovative
๊ งกริ งทีฉันได้ ยิน technologies of knowledge. We have
which account for the placed importance oncultivating accomplished and
tinkling I heard. proficient graduatesfor the national development. devel
7 With a bow and arrow. ด้ วยธนู Free translation
8 About Rue being killed, กลัวว่าริ วจะถูกฆ่ า กลัว ว่า ริ ว ไม่ถูก ฆ่า และ Free translation
about Rue not being killed ท้ ายสุดเหลือเราอยู่สองคน กลัวว่าจะทิ งริ วให้
and the two of us being left ต้ องเหงา กลัวว่าจะทิDr.SukitNitinai
for last, about leavingPresident
Rue of Rajamangala Universityof
งพริ มให้ เหงาหงอยอยู of่คนTechnology Krungthep
alone, about leaving Prim เดี ย วที บ
 ้ า น
alone back home.
9 For the rest of my life. และตลอดวันเวลาทีเหลือของชีวิต Free translation
Table 6: The examples of Verb Phrase and translation strategies
1 Even catches the occasional มันจับหนูได้ อยูเ่ นืองๆ Free translation

rat.
2 Do my work quietly in ฉันเรี ยนหนังสือไปอย่างเงียบๆ Free translation
school.
3 Make only polite small talk พู ด คุ ย อย่ า งสุ ภ าพตามมารยาทในตลาด Literal translation
in the public market. สาธารณะ
4 Discuss little more than ไม่พดู อะไรมากไปกว่าเรื องค้ าขายในเดอะฮ็อบ Literal translation
trades in the Hob, which is ตลาดมืดทีฉันหาเงินได้ มากทีสดุ
the black market where I
make most of money.
5 Leave? ไปจากทีนีนะหรื อ Free translation
3821dnalFebruary
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Table 6: The examples of Verb Phrase and translation strategies
Source Language fo tnedReceptor
iserP ehtLanguage morf egasseM Translation Strategies
6 Might have pedropped htgnurK the ygoloเขาอาจทิ
nhceTง มัfนoลงในกองไฟ ytisrevinรู้ ดีUว่าaนัlนaหมายถึ
gnamง ajFree
aR translationby
loaves into the flames, การถูกทําโทษเพือจะนํามาให้ ฉัน adding subject
ygolknowing
onhcet eviittaermeant
c a eb being
ot smia KTUMR 
ylgnpunished,
idrocca saandh ythen
tisrevdelivered
inu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
dna them
lennotosrme.
ep ruo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof
7 lano“Promise?”
itanretni ot ngila taht smul“สั ucญirญานะ” ruc cimedaca Literal translation
8 Wouldn’t want to lose a พวกเขาไม่อ ยากให้ บ รรณาการคลาดสายตา Free translation
tribute.
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserpแม้eแhต่tคdนเดี naยว,stpecnoc
9 dnalGo iahTback
fo to
nothe
isivcave?
s’tnemnrevogeกลั htบไปที redถnํ าหรื
Uอ Literal translation
10 ,ytivHunts
itaerc in
,ygthe
olowoods.
nhcet fo esu eht seล่zาสัisตaว์hในป่ pm า e taht 0.4 Literal translation
Table 7: The examples of Participle Phrase and translation strategies.
1 Obviously meant to demean เห็นอยูท่ นโท่วา่ คําพูดนันจงใจดู  ถกู ฉัน Free translation
me.
2 Talking of the present จะพูดถึงปั จจุบนั ก็ยากเกินรับไหว Free translation
unbearable.
3 Just making conversation. คุยกันไปเหมือนเดิม Free translation
4 Sat through twenty-three ianitiNtikuนัS
ง ดู.ฝrี D
มือของคนมาแล้ วยีสิบสามคน Free translation
other demonstrations.
5 Rising early, hunting and ตืนแต่เช้ า ล่าสัต ว์ และเก็ บ ของป่ า จากนัน ก็ Literal translation
gathering, then trading at เอาไปแลกเปลียนทีเดอะ
the Hob. ฮ็อบ
6 Dividing the work and แบ่งงานกันทําและแบ่งของทีหามาได้ Free translation
spoils.
7 Making sure that both ทําทุกอย่างเพือความแน่ใจว่าครอบครัวของเรา Free translation
families had food. ทั งสองมีอาหารตกถึงท้ อง
8 Standing room only. มีทีวา่ งแค่ให้ ยืนเท่านั น Free translation
9 Shoved him? ผลักเขา? Literal translation
10 Giggling. หัวเราะคิกคัก Literal translation
11 Got it? เข้ าใจไหม Literal translation
12 Heading home. มุง่ หน้ ากลับบ้ าน Literal translation
13 Strapped in a tree. ติดแหง็กอยูบ่ นต้ นไม้ Literal translation
14 Not daring to flee since my ไม่กล้ าหนี เพราะตํ าแหน่งของฉัน อาจจะเพิ ง Free translation
general location has just ถูกแพร่ภาพสูส่ ายตานักฆ่าทีสนใจใคร่ร้ ูแล้ ว
been broadcast to any killer
who cares.
15 Seemed pretty ฉันว่าดูสมองกลวงว่ะ Free translation
simpleminded to me.
FebruaryInternational
February 15-17, 2018 Conference
15-17, RajamangalaonUniversity
2018 Rajamangala
Arts & Cultures in Creative
University ofofTechnology
Technology Economy
Suvarnabhumi,
383
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
Table 8: The examples of ClauseUNIVERSITY
and translation OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
strategies

Source Language of Technology Krungthep
Receptor Language Translation Strategies
1 But because town families RMUTK

 แต่เพราะครอบครั aims
วคนเมืองจะกิ นเนือ to be a Free
ราคาแพง creative technology
translation
usually eat expensive university
จากร้ านมากกว่า in Asia. The university has accordingly
butcher meat. focused on the development of our personnel and
2 Unless you count baking academic
ยกเว้ น ว่ า คุ ณ จ ะcurriculums
นั บ กา ร อบ ข น มปัthat งเป็ นalign
Free to international
translation
bread. standards.
ความสามารถด้ วย We have also promoted the research
3 First, that he ever noticed. ประการแรกเขาสั
concepts, and งเกตเห็the preservation ofFree
นมาตลอด arts translation
and culture.
4 Second, that he’s talking me ประการทีสอง เขากํ ง พูด เกิ น จริ ง Free
า ลั translation
up. 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
5 But you won’t! แต่and
เธอจะไม่innovation
ตาย! to foster national Free translation
development,
6 prosperity and sustainability,
But only because someone แต่ทีเป็ นอย่างนั นก็เพราะว่ามีคนช่วยฉันไว้ we are currently
Free translation
helped me. prepared to develop the creative educational and
7 But he just shrugs. แต่learning
เขายักไหล่ systems and to equip students with the use
Literal translation
8 That I’m weak and needy? of innovative technologies
ความอ่อนแอและขัดสนของฉันหรื อ of knowledge. We have
Free translation
proficient graduatesfor the national development. devel
9 And, Peeta, she’s right, และพี ต้าแคตนิ สพูด ถูก อย่า ประเมิน เรื องของ Free translationby
never underestimate พละกําลังตําเกินไปเมืออยูใ่ นลานประลอง using proper name
strength in the arena. instead of pronoun
10 Which I’d be preparedPresident
to do ซึof
ง ฉันRajamangala
ก็เตรี ยมทําอยูแ่ ล้ ว Universityof
ถ้ าไม่มีคําสัง งีเง่of Technology
าของ Krungthep
Free translation
right now if it wasn’t for เฮย์มิตช์ทีบอกให้ เราทําตัวติดกันขณะฝึ กซ้ อม
Haymitch’s stupid
instruction that we stick
together in training.
11 That he meant I was เขาหมายความว่าฉันมีเสน่ห์ในบางมุม Literal translation
appealing in some way.
12 If she would just show up. ถ้ าเพียงแต่เธอจะโผล่มาตอนนี  Free translation
This research aimed to study translation strategies of incomplete sentences

from English to Thai in THE HUNGER GAMES. The resultsshowed that
1. The incomplete sentences in the novel “THE HUNGER GAME” could be
divided into:
1.1 Adjective Phrase: a group of words beginning with adjectives- total
sentences of 59
1.2 Adverb Phrase: a group of words beginning with an adverb –
totalsentences of 40
1.3 Infinitive Phrase:a group of words beginning with the verb with the
preposition "to" – total sentences of 8
1.4 Noun Phrase:a group of nouns and modifiers- total sentences of 424
3841dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTG 1.5NU RK YGOLOPhrase:

Prepositional NHCEaT group
FO Y T ofISwords
REVIN U ALAGwith
beginning NAMpreposition-
AJAR
total sentences of 78
1.6 Verb Phrase:a fo tngroup
ediserPofehwords
t morfbeginning
egasseM with verb and modifiers
without the subjectpof ehsentence-total
tgnurK ygolosentences
nhceT fo of yti37
srevinU alagnamajaR
1.7 Participle Phrase: a group of words beginning with v.-ing or past
ygolonhcor
participle et v.-ed
evita–ertotal
c a sentences
eb ot smof ia 63
KTUMR 
ylgnidrocca s1.8 ah yClause
tisrevin:ua esentence
hT .aisA beginning
ni ytisreviwith
nu subordinating conjunctions or
dna lennosrconjunctions
coordinating ep ruo fo tn–em polesentences
total ved eht nofo 425.
desucof
lanomost
The itanrfound
etni oform
t ngiofla imperfect
taht smusentence
lucirruc iscim
theedClause
aca of 425 sentences in total. The
hcraesewas424
second r eht dsentencesof
etomorp oslthe a evNoun
ah eW .sdraand
phrase dnatsthe third was total sentences of
evitaerc htiw
Prepositional secivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
phrase.
.erutluc2.dnThe
a stratranslation
fo noitavrestrategies
serp eht dnusedmost
a ,stpecnocwere Free translation (total 605
dnaliahT foLiteral
sentences). noisivtranslation
s’tnemnrevand ogehtransliteration
t rednU were used 500 sentences and 20
,ytivitaerrespectively.
sentences c ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
6.ylDiscussion
tnerruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
esu eht Thehtiwresearch
stnedutsresult
piuqcan
e otbedndiscussed
a smetsysasgnfollows:
inrael
evah eW .1. egAnalyzingan
delwonk fo sincomplete
eigolonhcetsentence
evitavoninnithefo novel THE HUNGER GAMES,
the
dnaresearchers
dehsilpmoidentifiedeach
cca gnitavitlucsentence
no ecnatfrom
ropmafull
i decastop
lp (.), a question mark (?) andan
exclamation
.tnempmark
oleve(!).
d lanTherefore,
oitan eht roany
fsetmessages
audarg tnethat
icifoended
rp with the marksmentioned,
but had no subjects and complete predicateswere not a complete sentence. The
definition of the sentence in English is a set of words thatis complete in itself.It
containsa subject and predicate, conveys a statement, question, exclamation, or
command, and consists ofia nmain itiNticlause
kuS.rDand sometimes one or more subordinate clause
(English
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR foHence,
Dictionary Oxford Living Dictionaries). tnedisethe
rP types of incomplete
sentences in this novel were more than the types mentioned in the article of Writing
Explained which classified only five categories of incomplete sentences :1)a clause
beginning with subordinating conjunction or coordinating conjunction; 2)
participleverb; 3) infinitive phrase; 4) verb phraseand 5)Appositives. More types of
incomplete sentences were an adjective phrase, an adverb phrase and a prepositional
phrase.
An example of Adjective Phrase: Tall with leaves like arrowheads.
An example ofAdverb Phrase: Not exactly at them.
An example ofPrepositional Phrase: Between Peta and me.
2. Analysis of translation strategies found that free translation wasthe most
commonly used strategies for translating incomplete sentences. If the translator did not
translate freely or did not add any information, the translation might not be meaningful.
: ‘Very.’ (p.19) is translated into เมาจัดเสี ยด้วย which was a free translation by
expanding the meaning of word from the clue of the previous sentence “He’s drunk.”
: ‘So don’t count me out.’(p.126) is translated into.
This is the free translationby adding the word to indicate the gender of the speaker as a
girl.
: ‘But you can’t blame them for that.’ (p.212) is translated into. The
translator changed the sentence structure. He didn’t translate the subject ‘you’.
: ‘But you’d really be a sitting duck at one of those.’ (p.250) is translated
into.
February
International
Conference
Rajamangala on Arts
University
University
& Cultures in
ofofTechnology
Suvarnabhumi,
385
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
: ‘But thereUNIVERSITY
will be no Games OF TECHNOLOGY
to hide behind backKRUNGTHEP
home.’(p.371) is
translated into.
In addition, most Message from the
transliteration wasPresident of
used for translating names of animals,
objects, and places.
: Prim is translated into.
: Gale is translated into.
university
: PeetaMellarkis translated into. in Asia. The university has accordingly
focused into.
: KatnissEverdeenis translated on the development of our personnel and
: Hovercraft is translatedacademic
into. curriculums that align to international
Also, transliterationstandards.
was also usedWe have
for thealso promoted
words that can the research
be translated
into Thai as follows: development, the academic ic services with creative
: ‘Shocked.’ (p. 107)isconcepts,
translatedand the preservation of arts and culture.
into.
:‘Sexy.’(p.118)is translated into.Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
4.0 that emphasizes
: ‘My first gift from a sponsor.’ the use ofinto.
(p. 188)is translated technology, creativity,
In addition, there were also andtranslations
innovation of words that were
to foster the same
national words but
development,
not the same translation such as prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
: ‘Really?’ (p.84)is translated
preparedinto. to develop the creative educational and
: ‘Really?’ (p. 273) is translated into. and to equip students with the use
learning systems
: ‘Right now.’ (p. 321)ofis innovative
translated into.
: ‘Right now.’ (p.360)placed
is translated into. oncultivating accomplished and
importance
This type of translation was graduatesfor
proficient interpretationthefrom the context
national devel in which it
development.
occurred or in the environment.(Pokasamrit.,Patcharee 2549)
The translation with the use of proper noun instead of pronoun as follows:
: And, Peeta, she’s right, never underestimate strength in the arena. (p.91)is
translated into Dr.SukitNitinai
The word ‘she’ which was a pronoun in this sentence
President of Rajamangala Universityofwas translated by using
of Technology the proper
Krungthep
name “Katniss”.
: ‘But he turned into so much more than a hunting partner.’ (p. 112)is
translated into
The word ‘he’ in this sentence was translated by using the proper name “Gale”.
The translation of the mentioned 3rd person pronoun by using a proper
name instead of using pronoun ‘heorshe’ is incorporationof the culture of the target
languagebecauseon Thai culture the known 3rd personis usually referred to by his/her
name.
Therefore, it can be said that translation strategies of incomplete sentences
from English to Thai in THE HUNGER GAMES composed by SUZANNE COLLINS
and Thai Version translated by Suphakroj,Nara. Mostused the free translation
strategytogether with other strategies such as extended translation, interpretation of
occurred contexts or situations and cultural substitutes. This is consistent with the research
of Kraion., Satreerat (2013) that the free translation strategy usedthe extended translation
strategy and adapted translation to help the reader receive the correct translation in
terms of information and tastes in reading the novel.
7. Suggestion
This research studied only translation strategies of incomplete sentences, not a

whole book.However, the interesting thing is that this research is able to be taken as an
example in the analysis of the translation and the choice of vocabulary.Examples of
3861dnalFebruary
Thailand
P EH
vocabulary TGNURwere
selection K YG OL,so
silly ONbitterly
HCET cold
FO Y,T ISREVINshakily
sweetheart, U ALAandbig
GNAMlaugh.
AJAR The
use of proper vocabulary is very useful for students who are studying translation.
8. Reference pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
ygolonh[1]cet eSentence
vitaerc a and
eb Incomplete
ot smia KT UMR (n.d.). Retrieved June 25, 2016 from
sentence
ylgnidrocca shttp://nedpc.net/resources/Sentences.pdf
ah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
dna len[2]nosrepWriting
ruo foCenter.
tnempo(n.d.).
leved Fragment
eht no desand ucofRun-ons.Retrieved June 7, 2017
lanoitanretni from
ot nhttp://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/fragments-and-run-ons/
gila taht smulucirruc cimedaca
hcraeser[3]eht Writingexplained.
detomorp osla e(n.d.).
vah eTypes
W .sdof radsentence
nats fragments.Retrieved July 15,
evitaerc htiw2017 s cimedhttp://writingexplained.org/grammar-dictionary/sentence-
secivrefrom aca eht ,tnempoleved
.erutluc dnfragment
dnaliahT [4]fo nWriteGuide,Inc.
oisiv s’tnemnrev(n.d.).
ogeht rRetrieved
ednU July 15, 2017 from http://www.
,ytivitaerc ,ygworldcompanieslist.com/alaska-us/writeguide-inc-76376d
olonhcet fo esu eht sezisahpme taht 0.4
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University Suvarnabhumi,
Arts & Cultures
Thailand 15
Economy
RAJAMANGALA
The Rice inUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Khmer and Thai: KRUNGTHEP
Language and Cultural Context
Message from Chom the Sonnang

President of
Institute of of Technology
National Language,Krungthep
Royal Academy of Cambodia, CAMBODIA
Tel: (+855) 012 RMUTK
625 325aims to be a creative technology
(Cambodia);
snang_inl@yahoo.com
Abstract
The objective of the studydevelopment, the academic
is to investigate how theic services
Khmer and with creative
Thai form the
words for rice cultivation. The concepts,
data of wordsand the
were preservation
collected fromof arts andusage
daily culture.
with rice.
All words, approximately 100 tokens, were Under thegovernment’s
classified according tovision of Thailand
Pre-harvesting, Post-
harvesting, Instruments, Kinds4.0 of that
rice.emphasizes
The result the use study
of the of technology,
found that creativity,
Khmer has
different terms for rice, as huskandrice, innovation
cooked rice,tomuch foster national
watered cookeddevelopment,
rice (porridge).
The Thai uses only one word for prosperity
rice followedand by sustainability,
modified wordwe are specification.
to give currently
Most words are simple words. prepared to develop
For the words the the
formation, creative
study educational
found that theandnew
words for rice or related the rice learning systemsbyand
were formed both to derivation
equip students with the use for
and compounding
the Khmer. The Thai form the word of innovative
related totechnologies of knowledge.The
the rice via compounding. Wederivative
have
words are from adding some affix placed
to theimportance
basic words, oncultivating accomplished
mostly the verb. When compareand to
proficient
the lexical fields, the study found graduatesfor
that Khmer has many the words
national develare like the simple
development.
which
word, for example lexical field of rice in Khmer, e.g. includes 4 basic items: /sro:w/
husked rice, /α kα:/ unhusked rice, /ba:j/ cooked rice, /bα bα:/ porridge. A number
of words are used for only within the field of rice. In the cultural context, the result of the
study has shown that the Khmer and Thai has Dr.SukitNitinai
their social life closed to the rice.
Keywords: Khmer, Thai, President of Rajamangala Universityof
rice, cultivating, social life of Technology Krungthep
1. Introduction
The Khmer language is an official language of Cambodia. It is in the Mon-

Khmer language family spoken in Cambodia, in some provinces in northeastern Thailand,
and in some provinces of southern Vietnam. The Thai language is an official language of
Thailand. Thai, which was formerly classified as a language in Sino-Tibetan family, is a
tonal language in Tai-Kadai family. Thailand and Cambodia are neighboring countries
that have had long and close relationship for many hundred years. As a result of such a
relationship and its long adjacent border, both countries share many legacies of culture,
language, art, administration etc. In the language context, thousands of words were
borrowed into Thai and vice-versa.
However, the distinction between the two languages could be found in the detail
structure of the language. This article is to find both the sameness and difference between
the two languages via the rice term languages.
2. Research Aims
The recent study is to investigate the formation of the word related to the rice in
Khmer and Thai language.
3881dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHScope
TGNU ofRthe
K YStudy
GOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
The language that this article concentrates on is Standard Khmer and Thai.
It is the variety of term in Khmer fo tnand
ediseThai
rP eused,
ht moin rf majority,
egasseM in agricultural fields. The
pehtgnand
terms are in both written urKspoken
ygolonforms, ytisrwhich
hceT fothose evinUare
alagenerally
gnamajaR known and used
by language users. This article will, in part, take account on some influences of rice on
ygway
the olonhofcelife.
t evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 
ylgnidroccLinguistic
a sah ytisrContext
evinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
lanoitanretni ot Gloss
ngila taht smulucirrucKhmer cimedaca Thai
evitaerc h(1)tiw seto res cimedaca eht ,tn/rɔαh/
civrake empoleved /khra:t/
.erutluc dna satrrake
a fo noitavreserp eht dn/rɔ
a ,snɔαh/
tpecnoc /khra:t/
to transplant /stu:ŋ/ /plu:k/
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot noita/sαn vonntu:ŋ/
i dna
(2) paddy sprouts after
/ton kla:/
yltnerruc era etransplanting
w ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
dna lanoitacudesow evitaerc eht poleved o/sa:p/
t deraperp /wa:n/
esu eht htiw stnepaddy
(3) duts psprouts
iuqe ot dna smets/sαm
ys gnna:p/
inrael /ton kla:/
dna dehsilpmoccaaplough gnitavitlucno ecnatro/neaŋ
pmi deckɔαl/alp /thaj/
(4)
.tnempolevto edplough
lanoitan eht rofsetaud/pjuo/
arg tneiciforp /thaj/
(5) plowed soil /Ɂac bαm nah/
/khi thaj/
/ton
(6) rice stalk /daǝm sro:w/
ianitiNtikuS.rD kha:w/
pehtgnurK ygolto hceT foyto
ondevelop, tisrgrow
evinU alag/da:l/
namajaR fo tnedis/phɔɁ
erP
(7) plu:k/
seeded field /thna:l/ /na: wa:n /
Figure 1 : Linguistic Context
From figure 1, the differences and the sameness between Khmer and Thai are
as follows.
Khmer and Thai are generally known as isolating languages. But Khmer is
rich of affixes which are instruments of formation new words of the language, and Thai
is rarely in formation of new word by affixes. Morphological motivation is by definition
related to the morphological construction or make-up of a word. Hence derivatives and
compounds, which contain more than one morpheme, may be morphologically motivated
while mono-morpheme words, which are made up of only one morpheme, are usually not
morphologically motivated.
If we examine the following table in which Khmer noun are derived from its
root verbs through the derivational process, whereas the Thai does not. There are many
affixes in Khmer languages. Some of them were, so far, unproductive or have ambiguity
mean. There are a few of them still keep specific meaning, the prefix /p/, for example,
which forms causative verbs and infix /-n-/ for instrument or production. The infix /am /
n/ itself is an allomorph of which is the morpheme of production (Prum Maol : 2003 ).
Through a grammaticalization process, the word in
(1) /rɔαh/ is derived as /rɔ nɔαh/
Arts & Cultures
Thailand 15
Economy
(2) /stu:ŋ/ is derived as /sαnOF tu:ŋ/
(3) /sa:p/ is derived as /sαm na:p/, and
(7) /da:l/ Message
is derivedfrom the President of
as /thna:l/
Rajamangala
But when we lookUniversity
into Thaiof Technology
word Krungthep
which similar meaning to these words, we
find that some words are in the same form but have two functions in grammar. The word
/rɔαh/ vs. /khra:t/, but /rɔαh/ RMUTK
 vs. /khra:t/. Onaims to be
the other hand,a creative technology
if we examine the table
above, we shall see that Thai university
nouns almost in Asia. The university
morphologically has accordingly
motivated, in that they
depend on compounding for building. focused The on the development
compound words of in our
this personnel and
case are different
meaning from its verb. The Thai academic curriculums
verb /plu:k/ (to grow),that align
while to international
comparing to Khmer is
standards.
/stu:ŋ/ derives as /sαn tu:ŋ/, is /ton kla:/We have also /kla:/=rice
(/ton/=stalk, promoted the research
sproud).
development,
Other than the differences the academic
of Motivation ic services
of words which the with creative
morphological
motivation used to deal with Khmer concepts, and words
and Thai the preservation
above, throughof artsthe
and culture.
table, we can see
some point of sameness between morphological Under thegovernment’s
motivation of these vision
two of ThailandThe
languages.
compounding process to the word 4.0 rice
that stalk
emphasizes
which isthe use ofsro:w/
/daǝm technology,
in Khmer creativity,
and /ton
kha:w/ in Thai. and innovation to foster national development,
Semantic distinguishes prosperity and notions:
two important sustainability,
reference weandare
sense.currently
Reference
is the relationship between words prepared
and theto objects
develop(entities),
the creative
events,educational
and qualities andthey
stand for. In its narrower sense, learning systems
it is used only and to equip
for the students
relationship with the
between use
linguistic
expressions and specific phenomena. of innovative
In itstechnologies
wider sense,ofreference
knowledge. We have
is used for the
relationship between linguistic placed
expressionimportance oncultivating
and classes and types, such accomplished
as the wordand ocean
and any ocean (reference) in the proficient graduatesfor
real world the national
or in a fictional develworld.
development.
or possible
Sense is the place a word or phrase (lexeme) holds in the system of
relationships with other words in the vocabulary of a language. For example, the Khmer
words ដ ក and ស ង have the sense relationship of withdraw = not withdraw. Primary focus
of modern semantics is on the sense of words Dr.SukitNitinai
and phrases rather than on their reference.
There arePresident of Rajamangala
several kinds Universityof
of sense relationship of Technology
between lexemes. Krungthep
Some results
from the way words or phrases occur in sequences. These are known as syntagmatic or
sequential semantic relationship. For example, if we hear sentence /kɔαt pjuo … / or
/khaw thaj …/ (both mean he ploughs…), we would know that the omitted word will
be word /srɛ/ (rice field), /cαm ka:/ or /na:/(rice field) respectively. In this, the word /srɛ/,
/cαm ka:/ or /na:/ , etc. maintain some sort of syntactmatic syntactic relationship.
Other sense relationships between lexemes result from the way in which
words or phrases can substitute for each other. These are known as paradigmatic or
substitutional semantic relations.
There are several kinds of sense relationship, as:
- Syntagmatic Semantic Relationship: Collocation
Collocation is related to the co-occurrence of words and phrases. The
object of the study of collocation is the co-occurrence relationships between lexical items.
Collocations differ greatly between languages, and provide a major difficulty in mastering
foreign languages. In English, one “faces” problem and “interprets” dreams; but in
Khmer, people have to “stand in front of” problem and “cut” dream. In Khmer the verb
/dam/ “boil” collocates with water, rice, but also with plant and tree mean to plant and in
Thai the world /dam/ “to grow, to plant” and also to dive.
The more fixed a collocation is, the more we think of it as an “idiom” – a
pattern to be learned as a whole, and not as the “sum of its parts.” Idioms are hard nuts to
crack in translation, especially when its meaning as a whole and the meanings of its
constituent words are employed at once to create a punning effect.
- Paradigmatic Semantic Relationships
3901dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEH- T GNURK Ydenotes

Synonymy: GOLOthe NHrelationship
C E T FO Y T ofISsameness
REVINUofAmeaning.
LAGNAM AJAR
Words rarely
(if ever) have exactly the same meaning. There usually exist stylistic, regional,
fo between
expressive, or other differences tnedisertheir
P ehtmeanings,
morf egae.g.
sseM/ho:p/ and /si:/ are regarded
pehtbut
as a pair of synonyms, gnu/ho:p/
rK ygoហូlបonishmore ytisrethan
ceT foformal vinU/ho:p/
alagnសុaី .mContext
ajaR must also be
taken into account. Two lexemes might be synonymous in one sentence but different in
another: /kjαl/ (wind) and /Ɂa: ka:h/ (air) are synonyms in / ___bα: ri sot/ (fresh air), but
not in /dα:p ni:h mean peɲ/ (This bottle is full with air.)
- Antonymy: is the relationship of “oppositeness of meaning”. Antonyms are
in fact very different from synonyms. There may be no true synonyms, but there are
hcraeskinds
several er ehtof dantonyms.
etomorp Someosla eof vathe
h emost
W .simportant
dradnats kinds are:
Gradable antonyms, : such as ធំ/តូច, ល/កក់, which permit the expression of degree, e.g. ធំស់
, តូdចnស់
ali,aetc.,
hT fo(between
noisiv sextremes
’tnemnrevthereogehoften
t rednexisting
U many gradations of development)
,ytivitaerc ,ygNongradable
olonhcet fo esantonyms
u eht sezi(also
sahpmcalled
e tahtcomplementary
0.4 terms), which do not
,tnempdegrees
permit oleved oflacontrast,
noitan rsuchetsofasosingle/married,
t noitavonni male/female;
dna it is not possible to talk
ofylvery
tnerrmale,
uc erquite
a ewmarried,
,ytilibetc.,
aniatand
sus dna ytirepsorp
dna lanoitacuConversede evitaeterms:
rc ehttwo-way
polevedcontrasts
ot derapthat
erpare interdependent on each other,
esu as
such ehbuy/sell
t htiw stor nedparent/child;
uts piuqe otone dnamember
smetsys presupposes
gninrael the other.
evah eW .-eHyponymy:
gdelwonk forefersseigotolothe
nhcnotion
et evitof
avo“inclusion”,
nni fo whereby we can say that “an
Xdis naa dkind
ehsilofpmY.”
occaForgnexample,
itavitlucnrose
o ecisnatarohyponym
pmi decaof lp flower, car of vehicle. Therefore
we may.tsay nem“A polrose
evedislaankind
oitanofehflower”
t rofsetaand
uda“A
rg tcar
neiis
cifaokind
rp of vehicle.” Several lexemes
will be “cohyponyms” of the same superordinate (general) term, e.g. rose, pansy, tulip,
etc. are the cohyponyms of flower.
- Incompatibility: is meant the relationship of mutual exclusiveness between
sets of words that are members ianitiNoftikthe
uS.rsame
D superordinate category. For example, red,
green,pehtgetc.
nurare golonhceT foylexemes
K yincompatible tisrevinU alagnthe
within amcategory
ajaR fo tncolor:
ediseritP would not be possible
to say “I am thinking of a single color, and it is green and red.” On the other hand, red is
not incompatible with such word as round or dirty (something can be at once “red and
round,” e.g. a balloon)
- Lexical Fields and Lexical Gaps: Closely linked to hyponymy is the notion
of lexical field. The concept of lexical field was introduced into linguistics by German
scholars, chiefly J. Trier (1934), for the purpose of delimiting the lexicon into cohesive
subsystems. Lexical field is also known as word field or semantic field. It refers to a group
of related words or phrases (i.e. lexemes) organized into a system within which each item
interrelates with and sort of defines the other items. We may view the vocabulary of a
language as a system of subsystems: these subsystems are lexical fields. The lexical field
is similar to the thesaurus, and contrasts with the conventional dictionary, which is
organized on the simple alphabetical principle and in which the semantic relationship
between words and expressions are usually not indicated.
The absence of a word in particular place in a lexical field of a language is called
a lexical gap.
Gloss Khmer Thai
(8) unhusked rice /sro:w/ /khaw plɯak/
(9) rice grain /krɔαp sro:w/ /met kha:w/
(10) husked rice /Ɂαŋ kα:/ /kha:w suaj/
/kha:w suk/ /kha:w
(11) cooked rice /ba:j/
suaj/
Arts & Cultures
Thailand 15
Economy
RAJAMANGALA
(12) porride UNIVERSITY
/bαOF
bα:/TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
/kha:w tom/
(13) husk, chaff Message from theka:m/
/Ɂαŋ President of/klɛp/
(14) Rajamangala
shred rice University
/coŋofɁαŋ
Technology
kα:/ Krungthep
/pla:j kha:w/
(15) pounded unripe rice
 RMUTK
/Ɂαm bok/ aims to/kha:w be a creative
maw/ technology
From figure 2, (9) andfocused
(14) areon the the
under development
process ofof our personnel
compounding. Theand
word
“grain, seed” meaning as /krɔαp/ academic curriculums that align to international
in Khmer and /met/ in Thai, is added to the word
“rice”, /sro:w/ or /kha:w/, forstandards.
forming theWe newhaveword.also promoted the research
development, the of
Closely linked to hyponymy is the notion academic
lexicalic field.
The concept of lexical
concepts,
field was introduced into linguistics and thescholars,
by German preservation
chieflyof arts and (1934),
J. Trier culture. for the
purpose of delimiting the lexicon into cohesive Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
subsystems.
4.0 that
Lexical field is also known as emphasizes
word field orthesemantic
field. It refers to a group
of related words or phrases (i.e. and innovation to foster national development,
lexemes) organized into a system within which each item
prosperity and sustainability, we are currentlye.g.
interrelates with and sort of defines the other items. Lexical field of RICE in Khmer,
includes 4 basic items: /sro:w/,prepared
/Ɂαŋ kα:/,to/ba:j/,
develop the creative
/bα bα:/. The itemseducational
in the fieldanddefine
learning systems and to equip students with the use the
each other: we cannot really understand the meaning of a specific item. We may view
of innovative
vocabulary of a language as a system technologies
of subsystems: of knowledge.
these subsystems We have
are lexical fields.
The lexical field is similar to theplaced
thesaurus,importance oncultivating accomplished and
and contrasts with the conventional dictionary,
which is organized on the simple proficient graduatesfor
alphabetical the national
principle and in devel
development.
which the semantic
relationship between words and expressions are usually not indicated.
The absence of a word in particular place in a lexical field of a language is called
a lexical gap.
To express a concept, especially a complicated one, we have two lexical devices.
First, we may give itPresident
a specificof Rajamangala Universityof
name, e.g. a mare, enlargeof Technology Krungthep
a photo. Secondly, we may
describe it by circumlocution, e.g. a female horse, make a photo larger, or cause a photo
become larger. The first lexical device is known as the synthetic expression and the
second one, the analytic expression. The syntactic way of expression is usually used when
the referent is lexicalized.
Semantic distinguishes two important notions: reference and sense. Reference is
the relationship between words and the objects (entities), events, and qualities they stand
for. In its narrower sense, it is used only for the relationship between linguistic
expressions and specific phenomena. In its wider sense, reference is used for the
relationship between linguistic expression and classes and types, such as the word ocean
and any ocean (reference) in the real world or in a fictional or possible world.
3. Cultural Aspect
People of both nations are closed to the land and rice. They eat rice as their main
food of the day. ho:p baj nw, kin kha:w jang “Did you eat rice already” Did you have
breakfast/lunch/dinner? is common in Khmer and Thai. In this question, the rice is
emphasize. In every meal, they have many food other than rice. Some time they do not
have rice in the meal, but the questions about the rice are always posed.
People believe that rice has its soul. The God of rice is called ពះេម and พระแม่โพสพ
in Khmer and Thai respectively. They organize the ritual ceremony for marking or
3921dnalFebruary
Thailand
showingPthe
EHgratitude
TGNURK to Y GO
the LOthat
rice NHgive
CETthem
FO life.
YTISThe
REimportant
VINU ALceremonies
AGNAMAJare
AR ច ត់  ព ះ
នង័ល, ពិធីែសនពះែស, ពិធីរន, ពិធីែសនភំសវ,... in Khmer and จรดพระนังคัลแรกนาขวัญ in Thai.
pehtgnurK ygolohas
From the literature, Khmer nhcaeTlotfoofyfolktales
tisrevinUwhichalagnrelated
amajato R the rice, as the
origin of the rice, a man with a crocodile.
4.ylConclusion
gnidrocca saand h ytDiscussion
isrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
lanoitanItrefoundtni otthat ngialthough
la taht sKhmer muluciandrruc Thai
cimelanguages
daca belong to different language
families, (Khmer belongs to the Austroasiatic family and the Thai language belongs to
the Tai family), they share both similar and dissimilar concepts in using terms related to
rice. .According
erutluc dnatostrthe a fostatistics
noitavreof serword
p eht and
dna phrases,
,stpecnocit is found that Thai has one word
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht rednU of rice. In contrast, Khmer has different
for many kinds of rice to represent different kinds
,ytivitafor
words erc rice:
,ygolohusknhcetrice,fo esucookedeht sezrice,
isahpm e tahtcooked
much 0.4 rice (porridge), and so on.
From the linguistic context, the study found that in formation of new word
Khmer uses both derivation and compounding, as for in Thai language the derivation is
dna lathe
absent, noicompounding
tacude evitaeis rc majority
eht polused
eved forot word
derapbuilding.
erp When compare to the lexical
fields, the study found that Khmer has many words which are like the simple word, for
example lexical field of RICE in Khmer, e.g. includes four basic items: /sro:w/, /Ɂαŋ kα:/,
/ba:j/, /bα bα:/ etc. The items in the field define each other: we cannot really understand
the meaning .tnempoleved lanoitan eht rofsetaudarg tneiciforp
of a specific item. As for lexical fields of rice in Thai language is through
the process of word compounding.
In the cultural context, the result of the study has shown that the Khmer people
have their lives closed to the rice, as shown above about four basic items of rice.
5. pReferences
[1] Bernard Spolsky. (1998). Sociolinguistics. Oxford University Press.

[2] Bruno Dagens. (1995). Angkor Heart of an Asian Empire. Translated from
French by Ruth Sharman. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
[3] Carl James. (1986). Contrastive Analysis. 6th impression, Longman
Singapore Publishers Ltd.
[4] Charles F. Keyes. (1977). The Golden Peninsula Culture and Adaptation
in Mainland Southeast Asia. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.,Inc.
[5] David Thomas. (1993). An Invitation to Grammar, Bangkok: Mahidol
University.
[6] Edward Finegan. (1994). Language: Its Structure and Use. Fort Worth:
Harcourt Brace & Company.
[7] Franklin E. Huffman. (1987). Modern Spoken Cambodia, New York:
Cornell University.
[8] Georges Maspero. (1915). Grammair de la langue khmere. Paris:
Imprimerie nationale.
[9] Gorgoniyev Y.A. (1966). The Khmer Language. Moscow: Nauka
publishing house.
[10] J.H.C.S Davidson. (1989). South-East Asian Linguistics: Essay in
Honour of Eugenie J.A. Henderson. School of Oriental and African
Studies.
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of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand 15
Economy
393
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[11] J.R. Martin UNIVERSITY
and others.OF TECHNOLOGY
(1997). Working with KRUNGTHEP
Functional Grammar.
London : Arnold.
[12] Jacek Fisiak.Message
(1984). from Papers the President
and Studies of in Contrastive Linguistics v19,
Washington, University
Rajamangala D.C.: AdamofMickiewicz Technology Krungthep
University.
[13] Jacob Judith M. (1993). Cambodian Linguistics, Literature and History.
London : School  of Oriental RMUTK aims toStudies.
and African be a creative technology
[14] Karnchana Nacaskul. university (1998). in Thai
Asia.Phonology The university has4thaccordingly
(in Thai) ed. Bangkok:
focused
Chulalongkorn University Press. on the development of our personnel and
[15] Katanyu Chuchun. academic(2000). Foreign curriculums Loanwordsthat align
in Thai:toKhmer
international
in Thai (in
Thai). Bangkok: standards.
Audience Store We Publishing.
have also promoted the research
[16] Nittaya Kaewkallana. development, (1999).the“The academic ic services
Using of Khmerwith creative
Words in
Nanthopananthasut concepts,Khamluang.” and the(in preservation
Thai) in theofJournal
arts and
ofculture.
Language and
Linguistics. January-June,Under thegovernment’s
1999, p.10-25. Bangkok:vision of Thailand
Silpakorn University.
[17] Pisnu Intrakomhaeng, 4.0 that (1969).emphasizes Thai forthe use of technology,
Foreigners. creativity,
2nd Edition., Bangkok.
[18] Prakorb Phon-ngam. and (1987). innovation A Phonology to foster national ofdevelopment,
Comparison Spoken Central
Khmer (Phnom prosperity Penh) andand Nothern sustainability, we areM.A.’s
Khmer (Surin). currently
Thesis.
Bangkok: Mahidol prepared University. to develop the creative educational and
[19] Ralph W. Fasold. learning(2006).systems and to equip
An Introduction students with
to Language the use
and Linguistics.
Cambridge: Cambridge of innovative University technologies
Press. of knowledge. We have
[20] Richard B. Noss. placed (1964). importance
Thai Reference oncultivating
Grammar. accomplished
Washington,and D.C.:
Foreign Serviceproficient
Institute.graduatesfor the national development. devel
[21] Santi Phakdikham. (2006). Dictionary of Khmer Loanwords in Thai (in
Khmer and Thai). Bangkok: Amarin Printing and Publishing, 2006.
[22] Suriya Rattanakun. (2005). Languages in Southeast Asia: Tai Language
Family (in Thai), Vol.2. Bangkok: Dr.SukitNitinai
Institute of Language and Culture for
Rural President of Rajamangala Universityof
Development, Mahidol University. of Technology Krungthep
[23] Ubol Tedtong. (2005). Khmer Proverbs: Lifestyle and worldview of the
Khmer. Bangkok: Silpakorn University.
[24] Uraisi Varasarin. (1984). Les éléments khmers dans la formation de la
langue siamoise. Doctor’s Thesis. Paris: Societé de l’étude Linguistiques
et Anthropologiques de Frence, 1984.
[25] ែកវ រុ . (1995). តនី និ ង ជី វ ត ែខ រ / ភំ េ ពញ : មូ ល និ ធិ តូ យ៉ូ  (Keo Narum. 1995. Khmer Music
and Life. Phnom Penh: Toyota Foundation)
[27] ពំ ម៉ ល់ . (2003). មូ ល  នៃនន័ យ កម វ ទ ទូ េ . ភំ េ ពញ: ជបណិ តសកម  (Prum Maol. 2003. An
Introduction to Semantics. Phnom Penh: Royal Academy of Cambodia.)
[28] ពំ ម៉ ល់ , (2003). មូ ល  នៃនសង ម វ ទ  . ភំ េ ពញ : ជបណ ិ ត សកម  (Prum Maol. 2003. An
Introduction to Socio-Linguistics. Phnom Penh: Royal Academy of
Cambodia.)
3941dnalFebruary
Thailand
Annex PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Before harvesting fo tnediserP eht morf egasseM

សនង (ซ็อน ตูง) /sαn tu:ŋ/ต้นกล้าหลังปลูก /ton kla:/ paddy after transplanting
សំប (ซ็อม นาบ) /sαm na:p/ ต้นกล้า /ton kla:/ paddy sprouts from sowing
េដមdសnវa len(เดอม
nosreซรูpว)r/daǝm
uo fo sro:w/
tnempolevedต้นeข้hาวt /ton no deskha:w/
ucof rice stalk
សឹកlaសnវ oitan(ซเลอก
retni ซรูoวt) n/slœk
gila tsro:w/aht smuluใบข้ cirาrวuc/bajcikha:w/
medaca leave of rice
ក e vប់itaerc(ก็hอนtiwดับ) se/kαn s ci m
civredap/กํ า /kam/
edaca bunch eht ,tof nemricepolstalk
eved
dnaliaand
Places hT instruments
fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht rednU
រស់,tnempo(โร levนวฮ)
ed la/rɔ:noinɔαh/คราด
tan retso/khra:t/ f ot noiataharrow,vonni danrake a
y l t n err u c era ew ,y t i l i b a n ia t s u s d n a
ចម៍បំណះ (อัจ บํ นัฮ) /Ɂac bαm nah/ ขีไถ /khi thaj/ soil after ploughing y t ir e p s or p
នងe័លsu eht (เนี htยiะง
w กวล)
stnedu/neaŋ
ts piuqekɔαl/ ot dna ไถsm/thaj/etsys gntoinplow rael
ែផនeងv័លah eW (พแล.egนังdeกวล)
lwo/plɛ
nk fneaŋ
o seigolkɔαl/ onhceใบไถ t ev/baj
itavthaj/
onni foplowshare
ល (พาล) /pa:l/ ใบไถ /baj thaj/ plowshare
នឹម (เนิ ม) /slœk sro:w/ แอก /Ɂɛk/ a yoke
ភឺ (พลือ) /plɯ:/คันนา /khan na:/dike, levee
ទំនប់ (โตม นบ) /tɔm nɔp/คั
iaนnนา
itiN tikuSna:/dike,
/khan .rD levee
pehtgn(ปรอ
បយ urKลาย)
ygol/prα: eT foytทอนํ
onhcla:j/ isreา v/thɔ:
inU alana:m/
gnamajasmall
R fo tcanal
nediserP
អំពក (อ็อม โปก) /Ɂαm pɔ:k/แปลงปลูก /plɛŋ plu:k/ growing place
 ល (ทนาล) /thna:l/ แปลงหว่าน /plɛŋ wa:n/ place for sowing crops
ែស (ซแร) /srɛ/ นา /na:/ rice field
Verb
ស់ (รัวฮ) /rɔαh/คราด /kra:t/ to harrow
ភរ (พจัว) /pjou/ ไถ /thaj/ to plough
ភរស់ (พจัว ดาฮ) /sa:p/ ไถดะ /thaj daɁ/ to plow for the first time
ពស (ปรวฮ) /prouh/ หว่าน /wa:n/ to sow, to scatter rice
ប (ซาบ) /sa:p/ หว่าน /wa:n/ to sow, to scatter rice
សង (ซตูง) /stu:ŋ/ ดํานา /dam na:/ transplant
ដក (ดอก) /dα:Ɂ/ถอน /thɔ:n/ to pull out, to uproot
ដុះ (ด็อฮ) /doh/ งอก /ŋɔ:k/ to grow, to sprout
េផម (เพิม) /phaǝm/ ท้อง /thɔ:ŋ/ swollen (of rice)
េចញកួរ (เจ็ญ กัว) /ceɲ kou/ ออกรวง /Ɂɔ:k ruaŋ/ to develop ears
ក់ប់ (ดะ กรัวบ) /daɁ krɔαp/ ลงเม็ด /loŋ met/ to grain
Arts & Cultures
Thailand 15
Economy
RAJAMANGALA
After harvesting UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
Nouns Message from the President of

សវ /sro:w/ ข้าวเปลืUniversity
(ซรู ว)Rajamangala อก /kha:wof Technology
plɯak/ Krungthep
unhusked rice
ចំេបង (จ็อม เบิง) /cαm baǝŋ/ ฟาง /fa:ŋ/ hay
ប់សវ (กรัวบ ซรู ว) /krɔαp sro:w/ university
เม็ดข้าว in Asia.kha:w/
/met The university
rice grainhas accordingly
អងរ focused
(อ็อง กอ) /Ɂαŋ kα:/ ข้าวสวย /kha:w suaj/ on the development of our personnel and
អងរសមប (อ็อง กอ ซ็อม โรบ) /Ɂαŋ kα:standards.
sαm ro:p/ ข้We าวกล้อhave
ง /kha:w
also klɔ:ŋ/
promoted the rice
brown research
អងរសមិត (อ็อง กอ ซ็อม เรต) /Ɂαŋ kα:development,
sαm ret/ ข้าthe academic
วสาร /khaw icsa:n/
services with
white ricecreative
អ ម (อ็อง กาม) /Ɂαŋ ka:m/ แกลบ concepts,
/klɛp/ andrice
thehusk,
preservation
chaff of arts and culture.
សំដីសវ (ซ็อม เด็ย) /sαm dej sro:w/ 4.0 thatแกลบemphasizes
/klɛp/ dry the rice
use of
seedtechnology,
(meatless)creativity,
កនក់ (ก็อน โตอ) /kαn tɔɁ/ รํา /ram/and rice
innovation
bran to foster national development,
ចុងអងរ (โจ็ง อ็อง กอ) /coŋ Ɂαŋ kα:/ ปลายข้าว /pla:j kha:w/ broken-milled rice
យ (บาย) /ba:j/ ข้าวสุ ก ข้าวส้วยlearning
/kha:wsystemssuk/and to equip
/kha:w students
suaj/ with
cooked the use
rice
បរបរ of innovative
(บอ บอ) /bα bα:/ ข้าวตม /kha:w tom/ porridge technologies of knowledge. We have
អនម (อ็อน-ซอม) /Ɂα sα:m/ข้าวต้ มมัด / kha:w
tom mat/the national devel
development.
glutinous rice steamed in
banana leaf
អំបុក (อ็อม-บ็อก) /Ɂαm bok/ ข้าวเม่า / kha:w maw/
ែប៉ (ตา-แป) /ta: pɛ/ ข้ า ว ห ม า ก / kha:w mak/ a sweetmeat consisting of
fermented glutinous rice of Technology Krungthep
យ ំង (บาย กดัง) /ba:j kdaŋ/ ข้าวตัง /kha:w taŋ/ crisp rice sheets eaten
baked or fried
យេ ច (บาย คโลจ) /ba:j klαoc/ ข้าวไหม้ /kha:w maj / burned rice
យេ (บาย เชา) /ba:j chaw/ ข้าวดิบ /kha:w dip/ uncooked rice
កប់ (ก็อน ดับ) /kαn dap/ ฟ่ อน /fɔ:n/ bundle of rice hay
ជ ំង (โจญ จรัง) /cɔɲ creaŋ / ซังข้าว /saŋ kha:w/ stalk of rice after harvesting
Verbs
អុំ (อ็อม) /Ɂom/ ฟัด /fat/winnow
ៃស (ซเต็ย) /stej/ ร่ อน /rɔ:n/
ចត (โจรต) /cro:t/ เกียว /kiaw/ harvest
កិន (เก็น) /ken/ สี ขา้ ว /si: kha:w/ to husk rice
អុំ (อ็อม) /Ɂom/ พัดข้าว /phat kha:w / to winnow
ន់ (จัวน) /cɔαn/ ยํา /jam/ to trample by foot
េក (โบก) /bαok/ ตี /ti:/ to thresh rice
ែបន (แบน) /bɛn/ ขยี /kha ji:/ to trample rice by foot
ៃស (ซเต็ย) /stej/ ฟัด /fat/ winnow
3961dnalFebruary
Thailand
ែរង P(แรง)
EHTG NURKยาว
/rɛŋ/ YG OLOtoNscreen
/ja:w/ HCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

Instruments
ចេងរ (จ็อง เอ) /cαŋ Ɂe:/ กระด้ง /kra doŋ/ a winnowing basket
ygងolonh(กั
កែ ceญt แจรง)
evita/kaɲ
erc crɛŋ/
a eb oตะกร้ t sาm/taɁ ia K TUM
kra:/ R
basket 
y
តល់ lg n i d r oc c a s a h y t i sre v i n
(ตบัล) /tbal/ ครก /khrok/ mortar u e h T . a i sA n i y t i sre v i n u
តល់laបnុកoitan(ตบัretลniบก)ot/tbal ngilbok/a tahtครกตํ smาข้uาlวu/khrok
cirruc citam medakha:w/
ca
តល់hcកrិនaeser(ตบัeลhเก็t น)de/tbal
tomoken/ rp oslเครืa  อeงสีvขaา้ hว /khrɯaŋ
eW .sdradsi: nats kha:w/
តល់evបiក់taerc(ตบั hลtiwเก็น)se/tbal
civrebαɁ/s cimeครกสีdacขaา้ ว e/khrɔkht ,tnesi:
mpolkha:w/
eved
េកdង naliahT (เกดืfอoง)n/kdɯǝŋ/
oisiv s’tกระเดืnemอnง r/kra
evogdɯaŋ/eht rednU
អែង,ytivitae(อ็ rcอง,yแร)
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t sezispestleahpme taht 0.4
ជងក (โจง รุ ก) /cɔŋ rɔk/ ยุง้ ข้าว /juŋ kha:w/ barn
លី dna lan(ลเอ็ oitยa)cu/lɁej/
de evตะกร้ itaeา r/ta
c kra:/
eht polwoven eved obucket
t deraperp
e vah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
Measuring/Unit
មួយសnវa deh(มวย
d silpซรูmวo)c/mouj
ca gnisro:w/
tavitlucno ecประมาณ natrop10miมิลdลิeเมตร
calp//
កំបង់ (ก็อม บ็อง) /kαm bαŋ/ กอบมือ /kɔ:p mɯ:/
 ប់ (กดับ) /kdap/ กํา /kam/
ទូកៃដ (โตก ได) /tu:k daj/ ฝ่ ามือ /pha: mɯ:/ palm
urK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnediserP
ចិប pehtgn(จึ บ) /cep/ หยิ
บ /jip/
គីឡម (กี โล กราม) /ki: lo: mɛt/ กิโลกรัม /kiɁ lo: kram/
ំង (ทัง) /thaŋ/ ถัง /thaŋ/
េ (เตา) /taw/ เตา /taw/
 ំង (ชนัง) /chnaŋ/ หม้อ /mɔ:/
ន (จาน) /ca:n/ จาน /ca:n/ plate
ែវក (แวก) /wɛk/ ทับพี /thap phi:/ padle
 ប (ซลาบ เปรี ย) /sla:p prea:/ ช้อน /chɔ:n/ spoon
សវខយ (ซรู ว กซาย) /sro:w ksa:j/ ข้าวเจ้า /kha:w ca:w/ nonglutinous rice
សវដំេណប (ซรู ว ด็อม เนิ บ) /sro:w dαm naǝp/ ข้าวเหนี ยว /kha:w niaw/ glutinous rice
សវធន់ (ซรู ว ทฺ งน) /sro:w thŋɔn/ ข้าวหนัก /kha:w nak / late maturing paddy
សវល (ซรู ว ซราล) /sro:w sra:l/ ข้าวเบา /kha:w baw / quick maturing paddy
សវំង (ซรู ว ปรัง) /sro:w praŋ/ ข้าวนาปรัง /kha:w na: praŋ/
សវវស (ซรู ว วะ-ซา) /sro:w wɔh sa:/ ข้าวนาปี /kha:w na: pi:/
សវសង (ซรู ว ซตูง) /sro:w stu:ŋ/ ข้าวนาดํา /kha:w dam/
សវពេះ (ซรู ว ปง-รวฮ) /sro:w pɔŋ rɔh/ ข้าวนาหว่าน /kha:w wa:n/
សវបេដញទឹក (ซรู ว ปรอ-เด็ญ ตึก) /sro:w prα: deɲ tɯk/ ข้าวลอยนํา /kha:w lɔ:j na:m /
Arts & Cultures
Thailand 15
Economy
សវRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
េឡងទឹក (ซรู ว เลิง ตึก) /sro:w OF าขึนTECHNOLOGY
laǝŋ tɯk/ ข้าวนํ /kha:w na:m KRUNGTHEP
khɯn/
សវែសេល (ซรู ว ซแร เลอ) /sro:w srɛ lɤ/ ข้าวนาบน /kha:w na: bun /
ซแร กโรม) /sro:wUniversity
សវែសេម (ซรู ว Rajamangala srɛ kraom/ of Technology Krungthep
ข้าวนาตํา /kha:w na: tam /

devel
3981dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGN
Buddhist URK YGOfor
integration LOOrganizational
NHCET FO YT ISREVINU A
Management toLstrengthening
AGNAMAJAR
Health and learning for Thai society
pehtgnurK yBusakorn fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
golonhceTWatthanabut
Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi ,Ayutthaya, Thailand.
ygolonhcet evTel itae.+66818462288
rc a eb ot smi,aE-mail KTUM R 
;busaaiey2516@gmail.com
hcraeserThe ehintegration
t detomorporganization
osla evahofethe W Buddhism
.sdradnatswas reinforced to create the model
evicontinuous
for taerc htiw sustainable medacatheehgood
secivres cifollow t ,tnegovernance
mpoleved according to Buddhist principle as
.erutfor
the tools lucorganization
dna stra fo nmanagement.
oitavreserp eThe ht dwriter
na ,stpinterested
ecnoc in this application of the concept
dnamanagement
and liahT fo noprinciple
isiv s’tnfor
emnorganization
revogeht reddevelopment
nU in Thai society that could be used
as,yativrole
itaemodel.
rc ,ygoloThis
nhceway
t fo ewas
su eapplied
ht sezisahBuddhist
pme tahtdoctrine
0.4 that consisted of Trisikkha :
,tne,mSmathi
Sila poleveand
d laPanna
noitanforrefind
tsof outot the
nobest
itavoway
nni for
dnasuitable learning and development
yltnhuman’s
both erruc erbodya ewand,ymind
tilibanthat
iatsucould
s dnmake
a ytiThai
repsosociety
rp will be became to the land of
dna land
virtue anoitknowledge
acude evitabased
erc ehsociety.
t polevedThen ot dtheeraprelationship
erp of government , Local
esu eht htiw st,nBuddhist
Administration eduts piuorganization
qe ot dna sm,etpeople
sys gniandnraelcommunity for strengthen health
evalearning
and h eW .ein gdThai
elwonsociety
k fo sewith
igoloBuddhist
nhcet eviintegration
tavonni fo could be applied to all procedure
dna dehsilpprocess
management mocca gwith
nitavbasic
itlucnmanagement
o ecnatropmtheoryi decabecause
lp of Buddhist was a basic for
Thai people .tnemthat
polewould
ved lanbe
oitchange
an eht rsociety
ofsetaudtoarbecome
g tneicifto
orpstrengthen health and learning in
Thai society beneath globalization and good governance principles.
Keywords: Buddhist integration ,Organizational Management, , Strengthening health
and learning
1. pIntroduction
In the present, administration or organizationis necessary to use art and science

of management to enable enterprises to achieve the goals that are laid down. Corporate
executives must study the principles of modern management and good management into
a strategic management is the key element that management must take into account such
as money, raw materials, machinery or equipment and labor or man as a body of
knowledgeinadministrationinearly. The development of modern administration in the
target enterprise will include directions or guidelines for how to manage organizations.
But later, the development of management systems was to support organizational change
as globalization that is highly competitive. Thus, creating management system cans
upport the operationin accordance with the diverse environment. To achieve success and
to be consistent with modern technology or innovations came to support the
administration of the organization. This is an important issue of Thai society or
organization that had to give due attention to effective interaction with the environment
which was to become the world working in an environment that is much more dynamic.
Therefore, organization must be adaptable to the ways of managing corporate compliance
to social change. Especially, that achieve to participation, empowerment, evolvement,
teamwork to be increased by development through efficient process management. The
organization and management were submitted that existed in society so long. In the past,
the organization has been established to manage the social community and the stateas the
primary side (Pichai Ratanadilok Na Phuket, 2009) for the new organization that diverse
in the establishment. The diversity caused the complexity of the society.
Arts & Cultures
Thailand 15
Economy
2. RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
Buddhist management organization OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
Message from
Buddhism is particularly the President
important and closely of the life style of Thais because
Buddhism is Rajamangala University
a social institution and has of Technology
arole to the social Krungthep
majority of Thais. Thais is the
most respect and Buddhism is the religion in the world that play an important role in
shaping the individual quirks  of theRMUTKequipmentaims to be a delicate,
or refined, creative beautiful,
technology love,
kindness and generosity towarduniversity
each other. in There
Asia. isThe universitydoctrine
a universal has accordingly
that combine
with principles of rationality thatfocused
can beon the development
proved of our personnel
and put it in systematic ways. Itandis not
doctrinal force to believe or must academic curriculums that align to international
comply dogmatic.
People who follow the standards. We havestrictly
tenets of Buddhism also and
promoted the will
consistently research
have an
elegant personality, happiness,development,
and are desiredthe academic
the mostic services with( creative
in society Chamnong
Adiwatthanasit, 2004) as well concepts,
as refiningandthethe
goodpreservation
people willofthink
arts and culture.think of
of others,
nations and the world. People are ready Under thegovernment’s
to sacrifice vision ofgood
for the common Thailand
without
hesitation. 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
Training and developmentand ofinnovation
human are to fosterwith
arranged national development,
religious orientation are
prosperity
called threefold training as canon, andandintelligence.
meditation sustainability, The are currently
wethreefold training is
the education system that makes prepared to highly
the person developdeveloped
the creative educational
integration and a
and provide
holistic human development to learning
be balancedsystems
by the and to equip
three studentsmentioned
main aspects with the use
above.
We train people to thrive in theseofelements
innovativeandtechnologies
these elements ofare
knowledge.
taken into We haveand
freedom
reach true peace. placed importance oncultivating accomplished and
Nowadays, management proficient graduatesfor
of organization the national
in Thailand devel
development.
is considered the prototype
of the western countries. It can be seen from the course based on various studies to be
continued to teach principles of Western countries as well as major (Pramod Chonmaithi,
2007). The principles in the West that has been invented by the West that is rooted in the
different social contexts of Thailand byDr.SukitNitinai
the principles of Western countries are
developing in novative President of Rajamangala Universityof
change and keep pacing of Technology
with the changes to followKrungthep
the fast current
world in order to cope with the era and the human need to focus on the material and
methods rather than psychological.
Preaching of Buddhism has amount 84,000 Tummakhuns and the number of
84, 000 Tummakhuns has many morals for administration which the philosophy of
Buddhismis Agalin warming to be adate. It does not change whether any given time in
any age.Buddhism originated more than 2500 years ago.
Thus, management of organizations has tools to manage directly an
organization's social context inThailand. Thailand should be applied to the management
organization for the peaceful coexistence of mankind to achieve the principles of
sustainability to not encroach and have compassion for each other and knowingly world.
From the above process, this article studied the issue of the application of the principles
to manage the enterprise integration. In order to strengthen,this is approach of creating
model for managing organization to achieve continued sustainable growth and good
governance. Enhancing the health and learning of Thailand uses religion like the
important tools in the management of the organization.
The author commented that the article will be useful to point out the concepts
and methods of corporate management as Buddhism and to guide the development of
enterprises in Thailand can use role model. Buddhist organizations as bringing valuable
things had taken the life of Buddha how to find the Best Way as a guide to mankind and
a role model in life to have a good physical and mental health and learning or appropriate.
The result in the creation of policies is to achieve stability and sustainable development
of the country and it canfaceandsolve problems that will occur with a happy heart with a
ymonocE evitaerC ni serutluC &
onstrArts
A no15-17,
International ConferenceFebruary &eCultures
cnere2018
fnoC Rajamangala
in lCreative
anoitanretnI University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand 405
Economy
400 51dnaliahT ,imuhbanravuS ygolonhceT fo ytisrevInternational
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala ajaR 8102 ,7on1-Arts
inU alagnamConference 51 yr&
auCultures
rbeF in Creative Economy
University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand
canon of Buddhist meditation, intelligence and principles in the development of the
quality of life of people of February Thailand. The development of bothSuvarnabhumi,
the body and405mind
P Erich
HTG Nmeditation,
URintelligence.
K YGOintelligence LONHCETand FO principles
YTISREVinINthe U Adevelopment
LAGNAMAof JAthe R
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Thailand
canon
causes of Thais' Buddhist social
quality of life of people of Thailand. The development of both the body and mind
canon of Buddhist meditation,fointelligence tnmanagement
ediserP and eht organization
morf egain
principles ssethe
M development of the
causes
3. The Thais'
scopeofandrich social
idea intelligence.
for Buddhist
quality life of
people of Thailand. The development of both the body and mind
causes Thais' rich social intelligence.
3. The scope
This article of Buddhistand idea Buddhist management
forintegration for Organizational organization Management to strengthening
y g
health3.and o l o n h ce
Thelearning t e
scope andv i taer
forideac
Thai a e b o
Buddhist
forsociety t s m ia K
asmanagement T
a framework U M Rorganization
for action. 
Thisyarticle
lgnidrocof ca Buddhist
sah ytisreintegration
vinu ehT for .aisA ni ytisrevinuManagement to strengthening
Organizational
health dThis
nand
a larticle
elearning
nnosreofp for ruoThai
Buddhistfo tsociety
nintegration
empolas eveafor
dframework
eOrganizational
ht no defor sucaction.
oManagement
f to strengthening
/laConcept
Inputhealth
noitanretni ot ngila taht smulucirruc cimedaca
and learning for Process
Thai society as a framework Outputfor action. Outcome Impact
hcraeser eht detomorProcess

Input/Concept
p osla evah eW Output .sdradnats
TheBuddhistev itae/Concept
rc htiw secivres cProcess imedaca eht Individual ,tneOutput
mpoleved
Outcome Impact
idea
Input Outcome Impact Benefit
-Maindiscipline .erutluc dna strOrganization /manage Bornpartners
a fo noitavreserp eht- dna ,stpecnoc -The participation -Individual and
dnaliaidea hT fo noisivOrganization
s ’ t n e m n r e v og e h t r e d n U
ment
TheBuddhist idea
-Buddhistorder
TheBuddhist
-National, /
Organization-/manage
manage
Individual
Developmentalhealth Bornpartners
of Benefit
society are
-and personal,ydevelopment
-
Maindiscipline
tivitaerc ,ygolonhment cement
Individual
t fo esu eht sezisa-hpme taht 0.4 -The participation
-
Bornpartners
-The
Benefit
-
awakening to the
Maindiscipline participation
government -Individual and and
Individual
- .
,tnempoleved lan-District
-Buddhistorder oNational,
it-aNational,
n rets- o-f ot noKnowshis itavon/fairknowle
ni dna
Local, changes
-Buddhistorder
Socialdevelopment Developmentalhealth
Developmentalhealth local organizations
of of society
society are are
and personal
yltninthe
-The principles erruc era ewLocal,
development
and personal development
,ytiliba-ni-atsus ddge -
na/knowthe
- ytireworld
psor. p local organizations
public
government sector
government awakening
awakening to the to the
- Quality of life and
-Socialdevelopment
-Socialdevelopment Local,
local-Integration .
changeschanges .
dna lanoitacude eDistrict viDistrict
taerc eht poleveKnowshis dKnowshis
ot d/fairknowle
eraperp
organizations
leadership development fairknowle good health.
-The principles -dge public sector
public sector
knowledge of - Quality
- Quality
esuinthe
-The principles ehtinthe
htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smlife et//sknowthe
ys gnworld
inra. .el
Abetter quality of of life and
of life and
dge knowthe world -Integration
-Integration
Buddhism .
good health.
evah eW .egdelwonIntegrating k fo seand igolonhcet--Abetter evitaquality
vonnofofi fo
leadership development
leadership development good health
Abetter knowledge of of
with modern
knowledge
quality
Goodperformance
dna dehsilpmocca gnapplying iIntegrating
tavitforlu.candno ecnalife tropmi decalp
life Buddhism
science
Buddhism
-Goodperformance with modern
.tnempolevedThelIntegrating
aprimary
noapplying
itanchanges
eforh.t rofseta-Goodperformance
and udarg tneiciforp development
with modern
science
applying
in the
The health /for
primary .
social
changes development and
organization
science
Buddhist
development
organization and
The
andprimary /social
changes
organizational
in the health
executivesand
organization
Buddhist
in the health
and /social
.
organizational
learning
Buddhist
executives
learning.
and organizational
executives
learning.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alaOrganization/
gnamajaR fo tnediserP
Organization/
community
community
The maingood governance -Solidbalance
Organization/
-Solidbalance
The maingood governance
-Sustainability
community
-Sustainability
-The of-Rule
Rulemaingood
Law ofgovernance
Law -Solidbalance
for protection - -
for protection
Participation
Participation
-Ethics -Ethics -Sustainability
Managers
-Rule of Law - government
- government Managers
-Transparency
-Transparency Participation -The
-The
for life-
protection
goodlife
good
- Community
- Community
-Ethics -Principles - government Managers
together
together
-Principles -Publicsector
-Publicsector -The good life
-Transparency - Community
-Community- -
-Community together
-Principles -Organizations
Organizations
Publicsector
-Community -
Organizations
The conceptual framework of this article aims to analyze the development and
integration of the principles
The conceptual of Buddhism
framework and science-
of this article based
aims to concepts
analyze related to the and
the development
administration of law, political science as a framework for study and
integration of the principles of Buddhism and science- based concepts related research papers and
to the
The
combines conceptual
with an framework
interest in the of this
social article
space aims to
managementanalyze
of the development
sangha,
administration of law, political science as a framework for study and research papers andgovernment and
organizations,
integration of the private sectors,
principles of local
Buddhismgovernment
and organization
science- based and
combines with an interest in the social space management of sangha, government public
concepts sector to
related be
to the
guided for strengthening health and learning Buddhism.
administration of law, political science as a framework for study and research papers and
organizations, private sectors, local government organization and public sector to be
combines
guided for with an interest
strengthening in and
health the learning
social space management of sangha, government
Buddhism.
organizations, private sectors, local government organization and public sector to be
guided for strengthening health and learning Buddhism.
Arts & Cultures
Thailand 15
Economy
4. RAJAMANGALA
The social learningUNIVERSITY
from Buddhist OF TECHNOLOGY
management KRUNGTHEP
organization
Message
The social learning is to from
allocatethethe President of behavior, objects, techniques,
knowledge,
Rajamangala
tools and technologies University
in societies and theof social
Technology
system Krungthep
is a key factor in determining the
social learning process, acculturation knowledge and ideas with using of media and
communication processes in societies. RMUTKEspeciallyaimsintotoday,
be a there
creative technology for
is technology
creating an online social network. university
Creating in Asia. of
network The university
inter has accordingly
personal relations is so easily
to happen. The social learning occurs quickly and when we understand the process our personnel and of
social learning then we can takeacademic curriculums
social learning thatandalign
principles to international
processes for using with
standards.
social legislation, rules and regulations We have prevention,
for promotion, also promoted thesocial
control, research
learning
processes, measures or social development,
learning in thethe academic
right ic services
direction withspeace
that build creative
in the
society. The authors conclude the concepts,
knowledge and the preservation of arts and culture.
as diagrams.
Learning of Thai society

prepared
Wisdom
to develop the creative educational Learning and
of innovative
(Extinction) technologies of knowledge. We have
placed Aimportance oncultivating accomplished and
(MAK) the national development.
devel Processes
C
(Cause ) D
B
(Distressed)
President of Rajamangala
The mainvalue Universityof
The participation
Transparency
The moral principles Associate
The rules of law
Thai society, political, economic
Figure2.Knowledge Management of Enterprise Integration Buddhist for

enhancing,wellbeing and learning for Thai society.
Source: The authors, in 2556.
From Figure 2. The social context of Thai society had Buddhist spiritual
principles. Thai people will be by religion for the adaptation on this earth in peace and
can cope with the pressure of the physical environment and the world is changing very
fast. May be the physical, mental and spiritual oppression are compressed that people can
find a wealth from making a living in their profession to find out agents to raise their
physical health. Meanwhile, the occupation must have religion involved. The mind does
not need to suffer at work. The production already had troubled at work, so people will
4021dnalFebruary
PEHTGNof
need the principles URBuddhism
K YGOLOfor NHsupporting,
CET FO Yincluding
TISREVIN U threefold
the ALAGNAconcept
MAJARof
religious experts as follows:
1) The threefold principle fo tnedstudies
iserP ehthree
t moraspects
f egassethat
M should be studied or
trained for physical, pspeech ehtgnuand rK ymind
golonin T fo ytotisdevelop
hceorder revinU aintellectual
lagnamajaR splendor. The
principles for the development of human consist of precepts, meditation and wisdom on
ygolfrom
training onhcethet eeasy
vitaepart
rc atoethe b odifficult
t smia K TUsuch
part MR as childhood. They have to train and
followylgthe
nidrrules
occa of sahsociety,
ytisrevincluding
inu ehT the .aisA ni ytshould
family isrevinupractice and should leave to be
normaldnahabit.The
lennosrepractices
p ruo fo have tnemtopofollow
leved itehthat
t noit will
desucause
cof a permanent and sustainable
lanoitanre(tSumonAmornwiwat,
development ni ot ngila taht sm2004) uluci,rrwhich
uc cimfollowing
edaca the guidelines is threefold
hcraMak
that call eser 8ehand t dthe
etodetails
morp oare slathreefold
evah eW .sdradnats
as below;
evitaerc h(1)tiwThe seccanons
ivres ciare medtheacacode
ehtof,tconduct
nempolefor vedverbal and physical controls to
be located.erutlin
uc the
dna sgoodness
tra fo noitaorvremoral,
serp ehtphysical,
dna ,stpecspeech
noc and occupational. Holy
dnaliahT fohas
Dhammapidok noiconcluded
siv s’tnemthat nrevothere
geht are
rednfour
U aspects such as Inthisungwon is to
,ytivitthe
recognize aercbody
,ygolfit.
onhThecet fconsumer
o esu eht sabuse
ezisahispm toeeat
tahin
t 0moderation.
.4 The profession is to
have,tthe
nemfaith
poleand
ved not lanhurt
oitaothers
n retsto of follow
ot notheitavrules
onniofdthe na community. In summary, the
yltneof
meaning rruthe
c sacrament
era ew ,is ytitolibdo
aniwell
atsusfordthemselves
na ytirepsand orp their supportive environment.
Makd8naprecepts
lanoitainclude
cude evright itaerspeech,
c eht plivelihood
oleved ot rightderaconducts,
perp right occupations.
esu eht hti(w2)stnMeditation
eduts piuqemeans ot dnatosm etsys the
make gninmind
rael calm assertive state that is
evah of
consisted eWvirtue
.egdeand lwocourtesy
nk fo sesuch igolonashcunselfishness.
et evitavonni Progressive
fo mental performance
dnstrong,steady
is like a dehsilpmoceffort ca gnand itavmental
itlucnostress
ecnatofroapm i deccheerful
happy alp optimism. The optimistic
.tnempare
mental faculties oleencouraged
ved lanoitantoehthrive.
t rofseA taustrong
darg tmental
neiciforhas
p the effort and unflinching.
That is hard to consider or subtle details. The spiritof peaceis a base toprovide intelligence
work and develop effective Mak 8 such as meditation, mindfulness, right concentration.
(3) The wisdom means the understanding in a good reason that knows the
goodness and foulnessto findifault anitiN tikuelement
trace S.rD analysis and to ponder. How to prepare
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinUthe
and handle on everything is to happen on alafact.
gnamIntelligence
ajaR fo tnedisisaercontributing
P factor to
modify the behavior of individuals. Mak 8 was organized in wisdoms such as
SammaviewpointandSammasagkappa. The threefold is principles that occurs the
benefitsto individuals in the relationship between social behavior or commandment
relations within their own( spiritual) and supports the idea that physical and mental
( cognitive) . Three major aspects will cause the humanitycompletely. This development
should no tbe compared to anyone and should consider advancement by comparison with
their own and have good behavior, pretty good mental state and basic knowledge. The
ideas are to encourage manifest themselves and not struck infatuation practices or
practices that morality is determined in accordance with threefold that is called Mak 8 to
eliminate suffering various issues that face every day.
Therefore, the management of enterprise integration to strengthen Buddhist
wellbeing and learning of Thai society must bring Buddhism and enterprise management
integration to strengthen each other in an administration that contributes to stability. The
well- being, a strong body and mind are in the local communities in each localityto pose
a moral imperative for the survival of society. Byvirtueofhavingareligiousreference is in
the faith of people towards the same direction because Buddhism has a strong relationship
with the community in all aspects of Thais.
The economic, society, politic, education, culture, andBuddhism are the
national symbol of Thais. People have unity and anchor of the same mind. Teaching on
Buddhism is also true and regardless of time and highly valuable for administration with
a focus on local organizations and administrators to adhere to moral leadership to push
the organization to achieve the aims of the organization effectively. It causes vision with
February Rajamangala
International
Conference
ofofTechnology
on Arts
University Technology Suvarnabhumi,
& Cultures in Creative Economy
403
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
regarding to the system ofUNIVERSITY
governance as wellOF TECHNOLOGY
and there are adherencesKRUNGTHEPwith the rule of
law, morality and transparency and have responsibility, value and people from all sectors
should be involved in dealing Message from
with their the President of
local.
is a sense of University
There Rajamangala ownership ofofTechnology Krungthep
the land habitat through management
integration with Buddhism systematically circuit pattern is developed continuously.
Deming Cycle or PDCA cycle management RMUTK aims toarebe integrated
principles a creativewithtechnology
process
management is a systematic process university in Asia.
from planning The universityand
to implementation hasmonitoring
accordingly to
improve continuously. That can deal with the solid consciousness through the four of our personnel and
original principles of Truth aimed academic
at the resultscurriculums
achieved and thatthealign to international
Buddhist approach to
solve problems both physical and mental standards. We have
efficiency. also promoted
Thai people have immune thebetter
research
both
physically and mentally.All things development,
that are unknown the condition
academic icarrange
serviceswithwith creative
the dynamic
by being conscious and being able concepts,
to copeand the such
with preservation of arts
issues. The and culture.
solution has been
restructured as well. Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
5. Conclusion and innovation to foster national development,
Buddhist principles and the prepared to of
principles develop the creative
governance adjust in educational and
order to develop
within enterprise and public service learning systems
and create and to
systems of equip
good students
governancewithbythe use
public
affairs that will be benefits for of theinnovative
public health technologies
service. of knowledge.
People We have
could participate
inplanning and decision making to placed
build importance
confidence oncultivating
on accuracy toaccomplished
the public in andthe
administration of the organization. proficient
There are graduatesfor
to issue thethe nationalto
legislation devel
development.
create fairness for
public control. The center was established Damrongthamin order to monitor the
implementation. The internal administration is to operate on accuracy andworthily aim to
the common good that it can be checked if it has errors and to be ready to take
responsibility for fixing. It is in charge of community Dr.SukitNitinai
organizations are working together
to be peacefully and help President of Rajamangala Universityof
to build a strong community. Theofprinciples’
Technology keyKrungthep
for policy
making and policy administration is the public to participate,contemplate,consider and
ponder. The publicshouldhave the opportunity toreflectonthe policiesdefinedby the
executiveagencies in order to know whether policy is clear the opinion or not and could
be implement edornot ( PaiboonWattanasiritham, 20 0 9 ) . In creating Thai societyis the
society that does not leave others and is strong local community groups and civil society.
It is the social virtue that is authentic goodness which relies on local partners in four major
sections such as,
1. Local residents, including the local community, localcommunity,
community organizations, women's groups and other groups
2. Local government organizationis closer to people the most and is
mechanism of the election over sight and assessment. The management that does not
coordinate between the public and local organizations will not be able to achieve the
target.
3. Provincial as village headman, Ban-formal schools, Ministry of Education,
An agencyof the Ministryof Agriculture under the regionor any other agency that be local.
4. Sangha is to establish a relationship between the communities to strengthen
the moral power and be transferred to the community and influence people more. The
relationships can be improved by encouraging communities to participate in the affairs of
the temple more. For example, there is to participate in the promotion of education and
monastic life of the sangha and novices that monastery arranged. On the one side, sangha
was involved in community affairs and organizations such as to joint drug problems, to
solve teenage problems, to reserve environment, to be municipal development plan
4041dnalFebruary
Thailand
Committee P EH andTGto NU RK Ycultural

reserve GOLON HCET FO
traditions. YTISRE
Moreover VINUand
sangha ALtemple
AGNAhaveMAJaArole
R to
society in many ways as learning or childcare center.
From the above, it isfoseen tnedthat iserthe
P erole
ht mof orftheegamonastery
sseM and sangha had been
involved with social pehchanges
tgnurK or ygosocial T fo ytisrthat
lonhceproblems evinrequire
U alagnsangha
amajaR to help to solve
problems and participate in cultural traditions for maintaining. Sangha are a person who
ygolonhctrust.
residents et evThus,
itaerc the a emonastery
b ot smiaisKthe TUcenter
MR of new academic of society, ethic and
ylgnidrocand
traditions ca shas ah ybeen
tisrevresponsible
inu ehT .aifor sA theni ypropagation
tisrevinu of the temple or sangha. The
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t n e m p o le v
monastery arranges the public to have faith in Buddhisme d e h t n o desucof and locate in practice to gain a
lanocitizen
good itanretnof i the
ot country
ngila tain htline
smwith
ulucithe rrucOffice
cimeof dathe
ca Public Sector Development. The
hcraeser ehneeds
government t detto omdecentralize
orp osla evthe ah responsibility
eW .sdradnafor ts the decisions and actions to the
evitaerc hlevel.
operational tiw seThe s cimedhave
civresocieties aca elearning
ht ,tnemcommunity
poleved and responsibility to deal with
.erutluc dna stto
the administration ra moral
fo noitvirtue
avreseand rp emeet
ht dnathe ,stspirit
pecnoof c the societies.
dnaliahT fo noisivinsthe
Adherence ’tnecore
mnrevalues
vogehof t rethical
ednU standards for political leaders is involved.
,ytigovernment
The vitaerc ,ygolofficers
onhcet fhas o escharacteristics
u eht sezisahpm ofe bureaucracy
taht 0.4 in Thailand as honesty, work
,tnempolevwith
proactively ed lmorality,
anoitan rtaking etsof into ot naccount
oitavonnthe i dinterests
na of the people at the center,
yltnerruc oneraperformance
emphasis ew ,ytilibamonitoring
niatsus dnand a ytachievement.
irepsorp Thus, policy and policy
dna lanoitacudhave
implementation e evthree
itaercmain eht factors
polevedto consider
ot derapeasrpfollows,
esu eht hti1. w The
stnedprinciple
uts piuqeofoself-management
t dna smetsys gniis nrathe
el principle of self-reliance that all
evah eare
people W part
.egdof elw onk foand
society seito
gobe lonthehcefoundation
t evitavonnof i fsociety.
o Everyone has the potential
dna disegood
There hsilpm occaand
inner gnicapable
tavitlucninoitself.ecnatThatropmisi adephilosophical
calp beliefs and values which
we hold. .tnBut
empoI lthink
eved lthat
anoiis tantrue.
eht rEveryone
ofsetaudarhas g tnaeigood
ciforpand nobody does it better. You
come across someone who is not good at all. Thieves also have a good and it's also a good
murderer. All people should handle themselves. Even though, it is the disadvantaged
people, elderly people and except small children. The principle of self-management is the
first principle of social developmentianitiNtikuSthat .rDis  enabling individuals, communities and even
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnam
disabled could strengthen the self and manage ajaRown.
their fo tnediserP
2. The mobilization of the creativity power of the local should mobilize forces
and cause power development. Power is doubly powerful creative force that has expanded
tremendously creative force to be repeated if the motivation is enormous. There is much
efficacy but the action contrast between conflicting indifferent brawl forces available to
be used in a destructive way. With negative thinking bring to operate in the opposing
arguments which will have benefits both physical as well as spiritual and social creativity,
quality and value.
3. Principles of learning and continuous improvement, learning and
continuous improvement could do like personal level, enterprise-class network, the local
communities, society. The truly learning has to act in the Buddha's teaching is threefold
as three learning refers to the practice, including the three precepts as Unethical practices,
practices of meditation and the practice of wisdom. Even better learning by individuals is
to learn and develop as a family enterprise in the local community and social development
management model. The process of corporate pilot guides organizations in Buddhist
integration and strengthening health. The social learning is along Buddhism development.
The management style of executives must possess the knowledge and honesty. The
executives have to commit the right things with the consciousness of duty faithfully and
commit to enhancing virtues. They have responsibility to lead the organization toward
the achievement of the objective intention of the organization. They have to make love
and unity among the practitioners in organizations or subordinates by Buddhist principles
to guide the management skills and richer because Buddhism teaches that all people are
International
Conference
ofofTechnology
on Arts
405
Thailand15
good RAJAMANGALA
and ethics that applyUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
to the administration will be soften more KRUNGTHEP
in the administration
and flexibility to have the right circumstances.
Message
The work is an important from
part the President
of life. Having fun,ofhappy at work and how to do
people who have attended areUniversity
a responsibility Krungthep
of executives in the enterprise. The
organization is committed to working with the staff happiness and the organization will
be strong and stable growth. The work ofRMUTK management aimsis to be because
tricky a creative technology
most people in
the organization to work with. The university in Asia.
Buddhist religion hasThe university
a role has accordingly
in management. Buddhist
principles could apply in management to base on the guidelines that called the Middle personnel and
Way. In the middle way consist of academic curriculums
physical, speech, thatmeditation
mind, and align to orinternational
intelligence
that can be applied to manage Ithibahtstandards. We have
4 as mentioned alsoInpromoted
above. the above,the research
management
of principles said that the Buddha development,
taught to use both the art
and science with creative
of working for the
concepts,
progress of work. The Buddhist teaching andinthe
is like thepreservation
above example of arts
andand
canculture.
be used as
a practice to achieve success. The theory Under thegovernment’s
of property managementvision can beofreinforced
Thailand
4.0 that
because of the nature of morality. The emphasizes
principles the use of
for Buddhists technology,
should creativity,
have a fairly good
practice. In addition to causing Thaiandsociety
innovation
build a to foster
society withnational development,
a complete health and
fitness and be aware of changes prosperity and sustainability,
in the globalized world with the we goodare currently
principles of
management. prepared to develop the creative educational and
6. References of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
[1] Chumnong Adiwatnasit. proficient( 2graduatesfor the national
0 0 4 ) . Sociology develwith Buddhist.
development.
according
Bangkok : Dhammasapa .
[2] Pichai Ratanadilok Na Phuket. ( 2009). Organization and management .
Bangkok. Think beyond book.
[3] Pramod Chonmaithi ( 2007) . The Dr.SukitNitinai
Application the Buddhism for the
managementPresident of Rajamangala Universityof
.Bangkok. of Technology Krungthep
[4] SumonAmornwiwat ( 2004) , Learning development according by
Buddhist way . Nontaburee : SukhothaiThammathiraj.
[5] Williamson. Oliver E. ( 1994) . The Institutions and Governance of
Economic Development and Reform” . in: Michael Bruno and Boris
Pleskovic ( eds) . Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on
Development Economics. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
4061dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNUofRK
The Development YGOLOCultural
Intangible NHCET Resources
FO YTISRofEV INU ADrum
Bronze LAGNin
AM AJAR
Guangxi
fo tnediLiang
serP ehYanli
t morf egasseM
Graduate studentpof
ehGuangxi
tgnurK yUniversity
golonhceT ytisrevinU Nanning,
forfoNationality, alagnamaP.R.China
jaR 530006
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smiaQin KTXiuhong

UM R 
ylgnVice-principal
idrocca sah yof tisthe
reviSoutheast
nu ehT .aAsianisA nStudies
i ytisrevcollege
inu of Guangxi University for
dna lennosrep ruo fo Nationality,
tnempoleveNanning,
d eht no P.R.China
desucof 530006
.erutGuangxi
luc dna sistrathe
fo "hometown
noitavreserpofehbronze
t dna ,sdrums",
tpecnoca place where there are the largest
dnaliahand
number T fothenomost
isiv s’comprehensive
tnemnrevogeht types rednUof bronze drums, also there is a wealth of
,ytivitaerccultural
intangible ,ygolonresources
hcet fo esof u ebronze
ht sezidrums.
sahpmeAttapresent,
ht 0.4 there are four ethnic groups use
,tnempdrums
bronze olevedin lGuangxi.
anoitan rThe etsocustoms,
f ot noifestivals,
tavonni legends,
dna decorative arts of the bronze
yltnerare
drums rucvaluable
era ew ,ytilibacultural
intangible niatsus heritage
dna ytand irepwealth.
sorp The development of intangible
dna lanresources
cultural oitacude ofevbronze
itaerc drum
eht postill
levehas
d osome
t derlimitations
aperp while promoting in cultural
esu ehtinhGuangxi.
tourism tiw stneduHowever,
ts piuqe oits t ddevelopment
na smetsys gprospect
ninrael is still very broad with its bright
evahand
spots eW advantages.
.egdelwonk Further
fo seigoexploring
lonhcet eandvitavresearching,
onni fo improving the development
dna dehsilpsystem,
mechanism mocca gincreasing
nitavitlucninput
o ecnand
atropoutput,
mi decadealing
lp well with the relationship
between.tndevelopment
empoleved laand noitprotection
an eht rofswill
etaudbenefit
arg tnethe
icifodevelopment
rp and utilization of the
intangible cultural resources of bronze drums in Guangxi.
Keywords : Guangxi Bronze drum Intangible culture Development
Bronze drum was ianinvented

itiNtikuSin
.rDthe
 Lishe River base in the west of Yunnan
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnbeing
province of China back to 700 BC and is still amajaused
R fointnsome
ediserethnic
P groups in southern
China and Southeast Asia. It can be called "living fossil" of national culture. For more
than 2700 years, the bronze drum is not only a material cultural symbol, but also an
intangible cultural heritage. It has been widely permeated in all aspects of people's social
life as a musical instrument, ritual instrument and symbol of King’s power that reflecting
people's beliefs, customs, arts and other cultural life. As a "hometown of bronze drums",
Guangxi has 772 bronze drums and 1500 personal drums, making it the province with the
largest number of bronze drums in China. Guangxi’s bronze drum cultural resources are
rich and colorful, the govement is dedicated to develop the bronze drum culture, to build
a culture brand make it become the characteristic business card of Guangxi.
I. Overview of the Intangible Cultural Resources of Bronze drum in Guangxi
Guangxi bronze drum intangible cultural resources mainly include the customs, festival
and decorative art.
(I) Guangxi Bronze Drums’ custom and festival culture
At present, there are four ethnic groups in Guangxi, such as Zhuang,
Yao, Miao and Yi, which still use bronze drums, and the customs are different, for
example the different usage time, occasion, method, form and cultural connotation. These
differences created the abundant intangible culture of bronze drums, including drum
music, dance and festival. Such as the Yao people who lived in Nandan, Guangxi, their
bronze drum can play many songs occasionally by different drums. The Zhuang people
living in the north-western of Guangxi, Yao people in the west and Yi people in the
southwest all have the custom of bronze drum dance, but the dancing forms have their
own characteristics. Bronze drum festivals and customs are colorful, such as the Frog
International
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ofofTechnology
on Arts
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Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
Festival in Donglan county UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
the northern Guangxi, Zhuang peopleKRUNGTHEP
use the bronze drums
to sacrifice frogs, and pray for harvest. The Zhuzhu Festival of Yao people in the middle-
northern part of Guangxi play Message from the
the bronze President
drums, of their ancestors. The Yao
sacrificed
people in Nandan, Rajamangala
Guangxi playUniversity
bronze drum of Technology
in the festiveKrungthep
and funeral. However Miao
people would like to celebrate the Chinese Spring Festival by playing bronze drums. Yao
people in the west of Guangxi uses  bronzeRMUTK drums duringaims theto worship
of the gods of New
Year's Eve and the Spring Festival university
on January.in Asia. The university has accordingly
(II)Guangxi Bronze focused
drum’s onFolklore
academic
The folklore about bronzecurriculums
drums in that alignhasto been
Guangxi international
rich and
colorful since ancient times. These standards.
folklore are We have also promoted
the crystallization of people'sthe research
wisdom and
reflect people's idea in beliefs, the development,
ways of thinking the and
aesthetic withwhich
preference creative
can
concepts,culture
be said to be the top part of the intangible and theofpreservation of arts Guangxi
the bronze drum. and culture.bronze
drum’s folklore mainly refers to three aspects, Under
one thegovernment’s
is the origin of thevision
bronzeofdrum,
Thailand
such
as Zhuang peoples’ legend recorded 4.0that
thatthe
emphasizes
bronze drum the use
wasofmade
by the gods of the
thunder, the sun is the bronze drumand innovation
of the Thunder King. to foster
[1]
Therenational development,
is also a legend of Yao
people that the bronze drum was prosperity
brought by the andMonkeysustainability, we are
King. Second, currently
it’s about the
divinity of the bronze drums, such prepared
as thetolegend
develop of the
the creative educational
Zhuang people livingandin
MabaPingzhai of Xilin county, thelearning west of systems
Guangxi,and thattothe
equip students
bronze drumwith the use
defeated the
dragon and succeeded in repellingoftheinnovative
flood. Legendtechnologies
of the Yiofpeople
knowledge.
in Napo We have
county,
Guangxi, that the bronze drum flewplaced into theimportance
deep pool to oncultivating
fight and killaccomplished
the evil dragon and
in
order to protect the local people. proficient
[2]
Third, graduatesfor
the human naturethe national develdrums, such as
development.
of bronze
bronze drums can become the human, both male and female. The folklore of the above
reflects people's extraordinary imagination and wisdom. It is an important part of the
intangible culture of the bronze drum. It is a good reference for literary and artistic
creation and the development of literary creation Dr.SukitNitinai
products.
(III)Bronze drum decorative art of Technology Krungthep
Bronze drum not only has material function, its decorative art is a
very important intangible cultural resources.The decoration on the bronze drum is
exquisite and special. According to the art form, it can be divided into plane and three-
dimensional decoration. Plane decoration includes geometric patterns, realistic patterns
and abstract patterns.These decorative arts have rich cultural connotations, reflecting
people's beliefs and aesthetics. Like clouds and thunder patterns reflect people's reverence
and worship of nature. Heron patterns reflect people's special feelings for birds. Feather-
man dancing patterns, boat lines are the ture portrayal of the society at that time. Frog
status decoration reflects the ancient rice nation's culture of seeking rain and breeding.
The decorative art of bronze drum has been widely used not only in the field of
architecture, clothing, but also in the cultural creative products, which has become an
important resource in the field of art design.
II. The current situation of the development of intangible cultural resources
of Bronze drum in Guangxi
In recent years, Guangxi government focus on the creation of bronze
drum culture brand, bronze drum culture has been used in the design of architecture,
clothing, crafts, souvenirs and museum creative products. Bronze drum culture are being
developed recognized. Art and folk culture tourism festival with bronze drum theme are
held in the areas where people still use bronze drum in order to stimulate the local cultural
tourism economy. In addition, taking the intangible cultural resources of the bronze drum
as the subject matter, the creation of literature, music and drama works and packaged into
cultural performing arts products also gradually started.
4081dnalFebruary
Thailand
P(I)
EHBronze
TGNUdrum RK Yintangible
GOLONH CET Ftourism
cultural O YTISindustry
REVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Guangxi Bronze drum intangible cultural resources development is mainly
reflected in the cultural tourism fo industry.
tnediserP Theehtwaymoto rf create
egasselocal
M bronze drum intangible
cultural tourism products pehtgnuisrK ygolonhceT fo yexpert
“government-led, tisreviguidance,
nU alagnacorporate
majaR sponsorship,
popular participation” model. The main product forms are Bronze Drum Culture and Art
ygolonhand
Festival cet Bronze
evitaercDrum a eb Folk
ot sm ia KTU
Culture MR
Festival. The representative of Bronze drum
ylgnidrand
Culture occaArt sahFestival
ytisrevisinu"Hechi
ehT .Bronze
aisA ni DrumytisrevandinuFolk Song Festival", which takes
dnmusic
the a lennoand srepdance
ruo performance
fo tnempolevof edbronze
eht nodrum desuascofthe theme, and integrates with the
lanoitanrecultural
intangible tni ot nperformances
gila taht smuoflucZhuang,
irruc cim edacMaonan
Yao, a peoples and other ethnic
hcraesin
groups er Hechi
eht dcity,
etomnorthern
orp osla Guangxi.
evah eW The.sd radnatsare held once a year as a cultural
festival
evitaercresource
tourism htiw sin ecithe s cimof
vreform edart
acaperformances,
eht ,tnempolthe evelocal
d government from 11 counties
.erutcity
of Hechi luc dheld
na sthe
tra fevent
o noiin
tavturn
resefrom
rp eht1999
dna ,tostp2017,
ecnocattracted a large number of tourists
dnalihome
from ahT foand noabroad,
isiv s’tnand
emnsuccessfully
revogeht redncreating
U the bronze drum intangible cultural
,ytiviproject.
brand taerc ,ygItolbecoming
onhcet fo an esuimportant
eht sezisacultural
hpme tatourism
ht 0.4 resources in Guangxi.
,tnempolevAnd ed ltheanorepresentative
itan retsof otof nBronzeoitavondrumni dnFolka Culture Festival is “Donglan
yltneFestival”
Frog rruc erain enorthern
w ,ytiliGuangxi,
baniatsus whichdna takes
ytirepthesorptraditional frog festival ceremony,
dna lanand
customs oitaactivities
cude evias taethe
rc characteristic
eht poleved cultural
ot deraptourism
erp resources. People can feel the
esu ebronze
whole ht htiwdrum stnedcultural
uts piuqatmosphere
e ot dna smand etsytos be
gniallowed
nrael to participate in it. The Zhuzhu
evah eW
festival .egdepeople
of Yao lwonk fino sGuangxi
eigolonhis cetalso
evitthe
avonparticipatory
ni fo folk culture and tourism
festival.
.tn(II)
emBronze
poleveddrum lanoitmusic
an ehtandrofsdramatic
etaudarg works
tneiciforp
A number of culture and art enterprises, organizations, art academies and free
creators in Guangxi have made efforts to create various forms of works of bronze drums’
art, such as music, literature, drama and so on, or incorporate the elements of bronze
drums into the works of artiatoniform tiNtikauunique
S.rD commercial cultural performing arts projects
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamof
according to the intangible cultural connotation ajabronze
R fo tndrums.
ediserPFor example “JinYan”,
“HuaShan” the large living theatre which were created by Guangxi performing arts group
and the Guangxi song and dance theater, and “Gan Shan” , the Zhuang opera were all use
the bronze drum cultural element, like the drum music, customs and decorations. Bronze
drum cultural resources will also be used for more advanced cultural performing arts with
high-tech , such as the large real-life stage scenery "Hua Shan and the ship" in the future.
(III)Problems of the development of Bronze drum’s intangible cultural resources
Although the intangible cultural resources of Guangxi Bronze drum are
creating certain economic and social benefits at present, the limitations of the
development still exist, which are mainly reflected as follow:
1. Creative limitations
Although Guangxi is rich in intangible cultural resources, there are still some
limitations in the integration of creativity. First, the cultural and creative products are
single, except for tourism, performance and other fields of development. These resources
have not been effectively exploited in other areas. Second is the lack of creativity and
outdated content, which is mainly due to the lack of effective and timely communication
between researchers and cultural creative personnel. Cultural creativity has not been fully
understood and used to carry out cultural creativity and design, which also leads to a small
utilization of cultural resources.
2. Lack of long-term effectiveness in resource development in the field of
tourism
At present, Guangxi Bronze drum intangible cultural resources are mainly
based on the tourism, although has created certain economic value, however, there is still
International
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a lackRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
of scientific and long-term OFand
planning TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
layout in the aspects of cultural and
creative renewal, landscape matching, brand comprehensive building, integrated
marketing and so on, which Message
is notfrom the President
conducive to the ofsustainability and long-term
effectiveness of Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
resource development.
III. Analysis of the Prospects for the Development of the Intangible Cultural
Resources of the Bronze Drum in Guangxi RMUTK aims to be a creative technology
(I)Advantages and bright university
spots in Asia. The university has accordingly
1. Deep and unique focused on the development
cultural resources of bronze drums of our personnel and
Guangxi Bronzeacademic curriculums
drum intangible thatresources
cultural align to are international
fixed and
standards. We
unique, this unique geographical environment andhave alsobasis
cultural promoted
is very the research
conducive to
brand shaping. The future of Guangxi development,
Bronze drum the intangible
academic ic cultural
services products
with creative
brand
concepts,
building or has more obvious advantages, and the
should preservation
be more effort inofbrand
arts and culture.
building.
2. Emerging market demand Under and richthegovernment’s
distribution channelsvision of Thailand
4.0 that of
With the development emphasizes the use have
society, people of technology, creativity,
a new demand for
cultural products, resulting in a new and innovation
market, differenttoagesfoster national
and levels development,
of consumers have
different needs for products. This prosperity and sustainability,
also provides a new powerful are currently
weimpetus for the
development of Guangxi bronze drum prepared to develop
intangible culturaltheresources.
creative Ineducational
the future,and
we
should increase market research and learning
developsystems andaccording
products to equip students
to marketwith the use
demand. In
addition, today's sales channels are of innovative
more and moretechnologies
abundant, of physical
knowledge. Weonline
stores, have
placed
stores and self-business and other sales importance
channels oncultivating
to provide accomplished
more convenience and
for bronze
drum intangible cultural products. proficient graduatesfor the national development.
devel
3. Beneficial policy, financial support
China is vigorously developing its cultural industry, from the state to
the local, to give cultural industry funds or policy support, such as the establishment of
cultural industry fund, cultural enterprises to implement the corresponding tax reduction
or tax rebate and other President
measures.ofInRajamangala
addition, in Universityof of Technology
order to promote Krungthepof
the development
cultural industry, we should also establish and perfect the reward mechanism of various
cultural industries.This is of positive significance to the development of the intangible
culture of the bronze drum in Guangxi.
(II)Thinking on Development Countermeasures
Combined with the advantages and limitations of the development of
intangible cultural resources in Guangxi at present, the author puts forward to the
following countermeasures for the future development and utilization:
1. Strengthen the research of the intangible cultural resources of Bronze
drum
In view of the problems of single intangible cultural products and low
utilization rate of resources, it is necessary to further strengthen the research of intangible
cultural resources of bronze drum to form a systematic cultural resource data. The
research should be seamlessly integrates into development in order to use the resources
timely and effectively, and enrich the needs of cultural and creative themes, to satisfy
people's depth pursuit of culture and promote the building of bronze drum culture brand.
2. Expanding areas of utilization
In addition to the further maintenance and promotion of the existing
achievements in the development of intangible cultural resources of bronze drums, we
should further expand the use of resources, such as film and television, animation, books,
audio-visual products, self-media, fashion market and other fields. Create a new brand of
Bronze drum culture, seize the new cultural market.
4101dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTG 3.NPromote
URK Ythe GOcommunication
LONHCET FOand YTstrengthening
ISREVINU A LAGinformation
public NAMAJAR
To strengthen the promotion of bronze drum culture by the network, self-media and other
new media forms of propaganda fo tnchannels
ediserP and eht m orf egasmeans.
high-tech seM It can promote the sale
of bronze drum cultural pehtgnu rK ygoloand
products. nhcealso ytisaresolid
T folay vinU cultural
alagnamfoundation
ajaR for more
consumers and potential consumers, and promote the sales of bronze drum cultural
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR
products. 
ylgnidrocca s4. ahManaging
ytisrevinutheehrelationship
T .aisA ni between
ytisrevindevelopment
u and protection
d na le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le ve d e h t n o de s uc o f
The intangible cultural resources of bronze drums are precious heritage. We should
lanoitanmoderately,
develop retni ot ngfully ila trespect
aht smthe ulucethnic
irruc beliefs
cimedaand ca customs, and should not distort
hcrattack
and aeser the eht national
detomorculture.
p osla At evthe
ah same
eW .time,
sdradwenatsshould pay attention to protecting
evitoriginality
the aerc htiw and res cimedaca eof
secivcharacteristics ht the
,tnem poleved culture, and avoid the forced
intangible
.erutluc dand
implantation na sexcessive
tra fo noitutilitarian
avreserp echanges
ht dna ,softpethe
cnoculture
c caused by the benefits.
Reference
yltnerru[1] c eraLanewHong-en. ,ytilibaFootprints
niatsus dnof a history
ytireps[M].
orp Guangxi Folk Literature Series
dna lanoitacuNo. de 2evitaerc eht poleved ot deraperp
esu eht [2]htiw Jiang
stneduTingyu.
ts piuqeAoGeneral
t dna smTheory
etsys gofninAncient
rael Bronze Drum[M]. Forbidden
evah eW .egdCity elwoPress
nk fo1999 seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
dna deh[3] silpmNong
occa Xuejian.
gnitavitluThe cnobronze
ecnatrdrum
opmi dancing
decalp of Yao people in Tianlin county
.tnempo[M]. levedBeijing
lanoitaScience
n eht rofandsetaTechnology
udarg tneicifPress
orp
[4] Li Siqu. Li Tao. Cultu Industry Management[M]. Zhejiang University
Press
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RAJAMANGALA
Development UNIVERSITY
of knowledge OF TECHNOLOGY
in the production of mud silageKRUNGTHEP
in communities in
northeastern Thailand.
Songkoon of Technology Krungthep
Chantachon

Abstract
Mud-treated natural dyed focused
silk clothon the of
is one development
the methods of our personnel
of adding value to and
silk
academic
cloth, which is produced in Isan region curriculums
of Thailand. This that alignis atoqualitative
research international
and
experimental research with the aims standards. We have
as follows: also promoted
development the research
and improvement of
knowledge in production and design development,
of mud-fermentedthe academic ic services
silk cloth with creative
The researcher studied
and developed the tools to be used concepts,
in theand the preservation
research, namely, an of arts and culture.
interview form, an
Under form
observation form, a focus group form, a workshop thegovernment’s vision The
and an experiment. of Thailand
samples
used in this research were obtained 4.0 that emphasizes
4 groups of 4 villeges:the1)use of technology,
Kudwa villege, 2) creativity,
Upparee
villege, 3) Phonsawan villege, 4)and innovation
Sompornrat to foster
villege. national
The data were development,
verified with
triangulation and analyzed accordingprosperity and sustainability,
to the purposes that had been setwe andarethecurrently
research
prepared
results were presented in descriptive to develop
and statistical the creative educational and
analyses.
The research results foundlearning systems and
that development to equip students
of knowledge are in silkwith the use
production.
of innovative
The community are in the Northeastern, technologies
the researcher of knowledge.
carried out 2 dyeingWe silkhave
yarn
placed
dyeing: hot dyeing and c o l d dyeing. importance
It was found that oncultivating
dyeing hot accomplished
dyeing gave betterand
intensity and durability. Each mudproficient graduatesfor
gives different colors,the national
making eachdevel
development.
one beautiful.
1. Introduction
Early humans dyed cloth with naturalDr.SukitNitinai

dye. It is believed that China, India and
Persia were high civilizations and prospered in the of Technology
world textile. Krungthep
Europeans have known
blue dye from Wode since 2500 BC. It is very popular. Make rich from dyed wode.
Saffron is another plant that gives yellow color. It is a European productlater, European
routes were discovered to India. Imported wood from India. Indigo blue is more popular
than blue from the wode. The grower and the person involved in the color of the tree was
damaged. And Thailand can produce blue from indigo as well.
Nowadays, textile and garment products are constantly changing with the world.
Textile and garment products have played an important role in the Thai economy and
society for a long time. Based on the data of the textile and garment Ministry of industry
in 2010-2011, the Textile Information Center, the Textile Industry Development Institute
and the Office of Industrial Economics The Ministry of Industry found that in 2010, total
export value was US $ 3,160 million. The total export value increased by 1.75% and data
from the National Statistical Office Public Opinion Survey on Community and Local
Products (OTOP) 2011 by asking about the selection of local and community products.
People aged 18 and above in every province throughout the country have been selected
textiles & c lothing as second order. 26.60%. The first is processed food. 52.90% of this
data is likely to be an opportunity for the textile market in the Northeast to develop textiles
and clothing to local identity, especially natural dyed fabrics, n atural dye from plants,
animals, minerals and soil. But most of the plants are s ome colors from the shell, s ome
colors are from the core. Some colors are from leaves. s ome colors are from the roots,
s ome colors are from flowers. Each part of the plant gives different colors, even if the
plants are from the same plant. S ometimes they give different colors. For example, to
collect each other months, each season may be different colors. It depends on the minerals
4121dnalFebruary
Thailand
in the soil PEand

HTthe GNclimate
URK Yof GO LO
the NHCThe
place. ET plants
FO Y T ISRgive
that EVInatural
NU ALdyes
AGN inAthe
MA JARIf we
past.
want to know what kind of flowers to color it. Observation of the flower is rubbed with
the color finger. This flower isfoavailable. tnediserPIfew htemwant
orf etogaknow
sseMwhat kind of bark to color
it. Observation of p ehrubber
the tgnurKwhen ygolosunlight
nhceT fand o yticolor
srevinchange.
U alagnThe
amabark
jaR of this species
used in the past. Plants that are used to dye natural color, such as indigo. The color of the
ygolonhcame
villagers cet evfromitaertrial
c a and eb error
ot smand ia try
KTU toM R
extract color. Some plants give direct color.
ylgnitypes
Some droccadosanot h yprovide
tisrevincolor,
u ehTbut .aisuse
A niti asytan
isreimportant
vinu component can be combined
d n a le n n o sre p r u o f o t ne m p o le v e d e h t n o de s uc of
with other plants. Silk dyeing has a beautiful color and so many plants to dye. In addition
tolathe
noitplants
anretnused
i ot inngdyeing,
ila tahtthesm ulucirrucpeople
Northeast cimednowaca use clay to dye cloth, especially
hcraThe
silk. esercolors
eht aredetobeautiful
morp osto la beevpopular
ah eWwith .sdrboth
adnatThai
s and foreign tourists.
2. Objective
,ytivitaeTo rc ,develop
ygolonhthe cet knowledge
fo esu eht seofzisilkworm
sahpme tamulberry
ht 0.4 production in the Northeast.
3.ylResearch
tnerruc eMethodology
ra ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna ytirepsorp
esu research
The eht htiw smethodologies
tneduts piuqe oused t dna sinmethistsys gstudy
ninraewere
l Qualitative Approach and
evah eW .egApproach.
Participatory delwonk fThe o seresearcher
igolonhcetstudiedevitavoand nni developed
fo the tools to be used in the
dna dehsnamely,
research, ilpmoccaangninterviewitavitlucnoform, ecnatanropobservation
mi decalp form, a focus group form, a
workshop .tneform
mpoleand vedan lanexperiment.
oitan eht rofThe setausamples
darg tneiused
ciforpin this research were obtained 4
groups of 4 villeges: 1) Kudwa villege, 2) Upparee villege, 3) Phonsawan villege, 4)
Sompornrat villege. The data were verified with triangulation and analyzed according to
the purposes that had been set and the research results were presented in descriptive and
statistical analyses. ianitiNtikuS.rD
4. Results of the study
Development of knowledge in mud-fermented silk cloth production.

From the survey area of the sample. Mainly used cotton yarns for weaving. The
cotton ya r n s used cotton. And use the finished cotton. Natural dyeing is dyed only with
orders from customers. There are very few or almost none. If this is the way to go.
Opportunities for local dyeing practices may be lost. And from Kalasin province, there is
a dirt s o i l on the plateau and may be the source of dinosaurs. This can be a story of the
product more interesting. It can develop and enhance the knowledge in producing and
designing silk mud, to increase the commercial value of the community in the Northeast.
Wisdom to dye natural mud, h uman beings know the color of natural materials
from plants, animals minerals and soil since prehistoric times. The human can be used the
natural color to benefit daily life, such as the drain on the object, utensils Including the
use of paint on the wall, cliffs, to use the story. Including the use of body paint to stimulate
the power. And the use of natural dye to cover the clothes to cover the body, and to be
beautiful. Currently, the wisdom of mud fermentation is constantly developing, t o keep
up with all the changes that have taken place. Therefore, the development of knowledge
in the production of silk mud. It is up to the operation.
Natural dye
Natural dye, t he experimental area was Ban Somporn, Tambon Nong Sano,
Buntharik District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. Because of Ban Somporn Rattana, almost
every household still owns silkworm mulberry s pecialize in natural dyeing, can be used
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as a RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY
model for the development OF TECHNOLOGY
of knowledge in the production KRUNGTHEP
of silk mud o f the
community in the east
Production processMessage from the President of
1. Water of ashes haveUniversity
Rajamangala the following of Technology
methods: Krungthep
Materials are include 5 kg ash wood, 30 liters of water
The equipment are plastic  water RMUTK
tank, steamer, aimscasserde
to be anda creative
rope technology
Method : university in Asia. The university has accordingly
focused
1) Use two ropes to tie the onthe
slats to thetopdevelopment
beam. And put of ash
ourinto
personnel and
the steamer,
academic
about three quarters of a gallon of water. curriculums
Use your that the
hand to press align
ashto international
down firmly.
2) Pour water into the st standards. Wethehave
e a m e r . Let wateralso
flowpromoted
through thethe research
ashes down
the bottom. development, the academic ic services with creative
3) Keep the dye water tinted.
2. Silk bleaching Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
Materials are include silk4.0yarn.
that emphasizes
Two kilograms the use of technology,
of white, 2 lux whitecreativity,
soap, 30
liters of lye. and innovation to foster national development,
The equipment are includes prosperity
gas stove,andaluminum sustainability,
basin, fabric webagare currently
netting.
prepared
1) Silk to soak in alkaline water.toIt takes
develop the 1creative
at least hour to educational and
1 night to soften
the silk. This will make it easier to learning
bleach silk.systems
Remove andthetosilk
equip
yarnstudents
from thewith thetwist
water, use
the silk to stay silted to air. For theoftime
innovative
to bleachtechnologies
silk will not be of spotted.
knowledge. We have
2) Raise the casserde placed
of boilingimportance
water. Mashe oncultivating accomplished
the soap thoroughly intoand
the
lye. proficient graduatesfor the national development.devel
3) Put the silk yarn into a mesh bag. Time to bleach silk will not break.
4) When the lye is 100 degrees Celsius, prepare the silk.
Bleaching using a wood to turn the silk to allow the silk to permeate the silk uniformly.
It takes 30 minutes. Dr.SukitNitinai
5) Remove thePresident of Rajamangala Universityof
silk from the lye, allow it to cool andof Technology Krungthep
rinse well immediately,
the silk yarn breaks the silk yarn and then hang in the shade.
4141dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNURK YGOLON HCET

Figure : 1FO YTsilk
Raw ISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR


evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigoloFigure nhcet :ev2iBleaching
tavonni fo
dna dehMuddy silpmowater
cca gnRed itavmuditlucnino the
ecnfoothills
atropmiindKalasin
ecalp Province on folk wisdom, how
. t ne m p o l
to prepare muddy water.e ve d la n o i ta n e h t r of se ta u darg t ne iciforp
Soil content: 5 kg of mud, 8 liters of water
The equipment are includes casserde, Plastic net, mesh fabric.
method
1) Bring muddy iansoil
itiNtotikwater.
uS.rD
pehtgnurK 2)yMuddy
golonhcsoileT fwith oytissecondary
revinU alamesh gnamat joaR fo tnedclones
separate iserP from unwanted plant
fragments.
Figure 3: Remove the debris from the sand.
Natural dyeing, in this research : Researchers define natural dyeing in 2 methods.

Method 1: Cold dye 1 time
1) Bring the in the muddy water. The silk will be absorbed into the silk
uniformly. It takes 20 minutes because the muddy soil is salty to make silk canker.
2) Wash the silk in clean water for about 5 times. The silk is missing when
weaving into a piece. Tighten the silk line. Dry in the shade.
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proficient
Figure 4:graduatesfor
Mud silk. the national development.
devel
Figure 5: Mud silk.

4161dnalFebruary
Thailand


Figure 6 Raise silk

pehtgnMethod
urK ygo2:lonCold foytmud,
hceTdye, isrevi5nU alagnamajaR fo tnediserP
times
1) Bring the silk in the muddy water. The silk will be absorbed into the silk
2) Apply silk to the wind for 30 minutes, then rinse 1 water.
3) Silk yarn were repeatedly collected in 1 and 2 times.
4) Rinse the silk in clean water about 5 times. The silk is missing when
Method 3, cold dye, mud, 10 times
1) Bring the silk in the muddy water. The silk will be absorbed into the silk
2) Apply silk to the wind for 30 minutes, then rinse 1 water.
3) Silk yarn were repeatedly collected in 1 and 2 times.
4) Rinse the silk in clean water about 5 times. The silk is missing when
Method 4: Hot Dye
1) Bring the muddy water to a warm place. And then the silk yarn. Muddy
water takes about 5 minutes to stretch the silk throughout the dye so the color will not be
spotted. Then lift the silk up.
2) Increase the muddy water temperature by about 80 degrees Celsius.
First 5 minutes to return the silk yarn. Muddy water will be absorbed into the silk evenly.
And put it in the casserde. to warm water through a continuous silk dye for 30 minutes.
3) Pick up the silk and wait for it to cool, then rinse with clean water.
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Cold RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY

will immediately make OF TECHNOLOGY
the silk splinters to give the silk asKRUNGTHEP
the same. Dry in the
shade.

devel
Figure 7 Hot Dye
Figure 8 Hot Dye

5. Rsearch Result
Product of Kalasin Province, t he product is manufactured by hand. If the

machine comes to help, it is a small machine, t hat can work a little faster. The current
development of the need to plant cotton to use in the factory to work faster. However, the
weaving process also takes time to weave. And most of the bouquets are weavers.
4181dnalFebruary
Thailand
WeavingPE HTneeds
also GNUR toKtake
YGcareOLOofNH C E T FO
everyone inYtheTIfamily.
SREVIN U AL
From AG
the NAof
care Mthe
AJAfamily,
R
weaving and more importantly, the weaving of the Northeast people is a supplementary
occupation. The main job isfofarming. tnediserThe P ehproblem
t morf egwasassefound
M that the product was
pehtgnin
sufficient for distribution urthe
K ycommunity.
golonhceT fThe o ytproduct
isrevinUhas alanot
gnbeen
amajdeveloped
aR to meet
the needs of the general public.
ygolonhDevelopment
cet evitaerc of a knowledge
eb ot smiainKthe TUproduction
MR of silk mud are in communities in
ylgnidroccaThailand.
northeastern sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
dna lennosDevelopment
rep ruo fo tnofem poleved eare
knowledge ht nino silk
desuproduction.
cof The community are in the
lanoitanretni the
Northeastern, ot researcher
ngila taht carried
smulucout irru2cdyeing
cimedsilk
aca yarn dyeing: hot dyeing and cold
hcraeseItr was
dyeing. eht found
detomthat
orp dyeing
osla evhot ah dyeing
eW .sgave dradnbetter
ats intensity and durability. Each
evitgives
mud aerc hdifferent
tiw secicolors, medaca each
vres cimaking eht one
,tnem poleved
beautiful.
6.dnDiscussions
aliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogeht rednU
,tnempoDevelopment
leved lanoitaofn silk retsdyeing
of ot with noitmud,
avonnhoti ddyeing
na and cold dyeing. The research
yltnerthat
found ruc h eotradyeing
ew will
,ytiligive
baniathe
tsussilkdanastrong
ytirecolor
psorpand best abrasion resistance. This
dna laisnoparticularly
finding itacude eviuseful
taerc for ehtthepomulching
leved ot of desilks
raperwith
p the relevant departments. Both
esu ehand
public t htprivate
iw stnesectors
duts pishould
uqe ot be dnaapplied
smetsytos the
gninproduction
rael of mud silk in order to help
evacommunities
the h eW .egdelin wowhich
nk fo thisseigobusiness
lonhcet succeeds.
evitavonnAccording
i fo to the research conducted
bydnDuangkamol
a dehsilpmoLeumchan
cca gnitav(2007),
itlucno theecncolor
atropofmithedeproduct
calp influenced consumers' buying
behavior..tneBecause
mpoleveitd feels
lanoisafe
tan efrom
ht roftoxic
setausubstances.
darg tneiciforp
In the development of products of mud silk. The results of this research have
been approved by all parties involved from representatives of the community, business
people, designers and government agencies. However, the products from this research are
just prototypes that need toiabe niredeveloped
tiNtikuS.rDfrom the community, to create value and value
suchpehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrthe
as intellectual property, get eviofficial
nU alagsealnamof ajaapproval.
R fo tnedProduct
iserP introduction go into
business circles through the Internet, etc., consistent with the theory of Cultural Diffusion
Theoty. Because cloth is the fourth factor that is essential to human life. Spreading the
cloth culture from one society to another is so commonplace. The result of this behavior
will be the social network, the exchange of cultural learning between each other.
7. Suggestion
1. Access to the ASEAN Economic Community in Thailand to compete with the

member states is Thai culture. natural dye should be supported seriously and fully from
government agencies, to build a good base for the community to move forward on a
sustainable basis.
2. Establish a credible standard for environmentally-friendly cotton dyes. To
increase the commercial value of the community in the Northeast.
3. Government agencies and educational institutions should educate the natural
dyed weaving group in the application of local wisdom products to intellectual property
patents.
4. Local government agencies should promote and educate the community in
selling products and fabrics online.
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8. Referenc
[1] C h a n a n WMessage
o n g w i p afrom
k . ( 1the
9 8 President of culture. Bangkok Silpakon
8 ) Ecological
University. Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
[2] Duangkamol Leumchan (2007) Development of natural color from sticky
rice. Master of  Science RMUTK aims Product
(Agricultural to be a Development)
creative technology
Agro-
Industry Product university
Development in Asia. The university
Department ProducthasDevelopment
accordingly
Kasetsart University.focused on the development of our personnel and
[3] Duangruthai Akaseang academic and curriculums
Wipavee Kitsana.that align to oct-dec)The
(2009, international
Knowledge Management standards.
ProcessWeLocalhavewisdom
also promoted
Mudmee silkthe dyed
research
with
natural color. Facultydevelopment,
of Science, Khon the academic ic services9 (4):
Kaen University. with135creative
- 147
[4] Narongchai Aklaseraneeconcepts,
(2009)andcreative
the preservation
city Hopeofofarts and culture.
tourism Market.
[5] Natadol Rungriangitkai. (2011) Under Research
thegovernment’s vision of ofThailand
and Development Natural
4.0 thatGroup
Color Technology project emphasizes
of LowertheNortheastern
use of technology,
Thailandcreativity,
1 Fiscal
Year 2010 Thai BudgetStrong.
[6] Panruthai Potthongsri prosperity and sustainability,
(2009) Integration of Thai and we are currently
Lao intellectuals to
prepared
develop cotton process. to develop
The color theblack.
of Krachai creative educational
Doctor and
of Philosophy
Regional Development learning systemsFaculty
Strategies and to equip students with
of Humanities and the use
Social
of innovative
Sciences Loei Rajabhat University.technologies of knowledge. We have
[7] Tiensak Mekapan –placed Opat, importance oncultivating
etc. (2000) Study accomplished
on the dyeing and
of some local
plants. Department proficient graduatesfor
Chemistry Facultytheofnational develMahasarakham
development.
Science:
University.
4201dnalFebruary
1

The Conservation, Restoration and Inheritance of Full Moon Bathing:
fo tnediat
A Case Study of Culture and Tradition seSamreun
rP eht moCommunity,
rf egasseM Bang Pa In District,
pehPhra
tgnuNakhon
rK ygolSi hceT fo ytProvince.
onAyutthaya isrevinU alagnamajaR

Supachat Satientanasan and Boonsomying Polamuangdee 1*
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smuAbstract lucirruc cimedaca
eviOver
taerc thehtichange
w secivof restimecimand
edacthings,
a eht the,tneconservation,
mpoleved restoration and inheritance
of full moon.erubathing
tluc dna became
stra fo nthe
oitaimportance
vreserp eht dissue
na ,sto
tpebe
cnoconsidered
c in terms to maintain
such tradition to be remained in Samreun Community, Bang Pa In District, Phra Nakhon
Si Ayutthaya Province. As a sequence, this article aims to study many cultural heritages
,tnempoCommunity.
in Samreun leved lanoitaThe n refirst
tsof conclusion
ot noitavonisnithat, dnaregardless the time changes,
SamreunyltnCommunity
erruc era estill w ,has
ytilithe
banitraditions
atsus dnaof yFull tirepMoon
sorp Bathing and other cultural
dnawith
heritages lanothe
itacconservation,
ude evitaerc reconstruction
eht poleved oand t deinheritance
raperp continuously through the
parallelesprocesses
between community leaders, local philosophers, academics, agencies,
and people in the community. The academics and agencies will encourage the
dna dto
community ehssee
ilpm occimportance
the a gnitavitluand cno help
ecnadevelop
tropmi dthe ecaknowledge
lp base to be born and
people in the.tncommunity
empoleved thenlanoitvalue
an ehttheir
rofseown
taudalives
rg tn(Mussen,
eiciforp Conger and Kagan. 1969:
489). Also, the outsiders will encourage people in the community to realize value in the
potential and use the research model of participatory action research to brings together the
community and create self-confidence that they can preserve, restore and inherit tradition
of Full Moon Bathing. In this process, ianitiNtithe
kuSexternal
.rD society, such as the academic network
and otherpehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fand
agencies shall encourage the stability, prosperity o tnsustainability.
ediserP
Moreover, this article aims to introduce the knowledge of the tradition found in
Samreun Community and return to its origin, Bang Pa-in District, Phra Nakhon Si
Ayutthaya Province through the cooperation between the Samreun Sub-District
Administrative Organization, the academics, the local philosophers, the various agencies
and people in Samreun Community continuously for more than a year. The result of the
study is knowledge that has returned to the community for conservation, restoration and
inheritance
Keywords: conservation, reconstruction, inheritance, Full Moon Bathing tradition.


1. Introduction
Regardless the time Message

changes, from the President
Samreun Community of still has a tradition of bathing
in the full moon night or FullUniversity
Rajamangala Moon Bathingof Technology
and other Krungthep
cultural heritages which are the
result of the creation of parallel knowledge between the leaders of the community, the
local philosophers, the academics RMUTK
and other aims to be a creative
organizations technology
to motivate Samreun
university in Asia. The university has
community to aware and realize the value and importance of Full Moon Bathing tradition accordingly
though the use of community focused on the and
based research development
participatoryof our personnel
action andThis
research.
project is called “the process in conservation, restoration andthatinheritance
align to ofinternational
bathing on the
full moon night in Samreun Community in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthayathe
standards. We have also promoted researchThe
Province”
objective of this project is to bring about the understanding and motivating thecreative
ic services with people in
Samreun Community to realize value concepts, andMoon
of Full the preservation of arts which
Bathing tradition and culture.
can leads to
conservation, restoration and inheritance. Under In this thegovernment’s
paper, there will be vision of Thailand
a presentation of the
study on Full Moon Bathing tradition in Samreun Community, Bang Pa In District, Phra creativity,
Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. and innovation to foster national development,
What is Samreun Community prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
Samreun Community is locatedtoat develop
prepared Samreun the creative Bang
Sub-district, educational and
Pa in District,
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. learning systems andfeature
Its topographic to equip
is a students with the
lowland plain withuse
many
smaller canals that there are also natural water sources from the canals, namely Klong We have
Pho and Khlong Sai. In theplaced importance
three-year oncultivating
development plan accomplished and
of the Sub-district
development.
Administrative Organization, this community has natural resources advantages such as
local plants which is Tab Tao mushroom including the traditions of Full Moon Bathing
heritaged since the ancient times, or even the wisdom of the Thai house building ,the
ancient medicine treats illnesses by the traditional doctor. Therefore, it can be said that
the Samreun Community have many valuable Dr.SukitNitinai
cultural heritage. Even Samreun
Community has the President
strengths of Rajamangala
mentioned Universityof
above, however,of Technology
the externalKrungthep
environment
affects the development of various aspects such as the establishment of factories around
the community caused the lack of caring for natural resources and the environment causes
pollution of water, soil and air among the people in the area. Also, urbanism has made
people in the community lack of empathy and respect the cultural traditions heritage from
the ancestors, especially the traditional Full Moon Bathing. This is therefore the origin of
research in the research team of Faculty of Liberal Arts Rajamangala University of
Technology Suvarnabhumi together with community leaders and related organizations
namely Sub-district Administrative Organization, Cultural Office of Phra Nakhon Si
Ayutthaya Province to conduct a research project The process of participation in the
restoration, conservation and inheritance of Full Moon Bathing traditions in Samreun
Community, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province by studying the culture and traditions of
the Samreun Community and gathering knowledge.
2. Objective of the study
To study the culture and tradition of the Samreun Community
The researcher used several methods of study including:

1. Study the related documents and texts of various traditions.
2. Study community contextual information from the traditions of the Samreun
Community.
4221dnalFebruary
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand 3

3. Interview with the local wisdoms, community leaders, and people in Samreun
Community with the semi structured
fo tnedand
iserin-depth
P eht minterview,
orf egasseMand the method of snowball
sampling to know thepetraditions of Samreun Community
htgnurK ygolonhceT fo ytisrevinU alagnamajaR
4. Use questionnaire together with semi-structured and in-depth interview. The
questionnaire
ygolonhcetisedivided
vitaerc into
a eb2 oparts
t smas:
ia part
KTU1) MRpersonal information,
 which is asking for
information about sex, age, education and, part
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu 2) the traditions of the Samreun
Community.
4. Findings
The study of cultural traditions in Samreun Community revealed that Samreun
community has Traditional Thai culture together with a mix of foreign cultures into the
present, such as Valentine's Day. It was found that Samreun Community organizes the
event by the Thai calendar as follows:
January New Year Event
yltneFebruary
rruc era ew ,ytilibaniatsus dna Magha ytirepsPuja
orp Day Event
dna April
lanoitacude evitaerc eht poleved oSongkran
t deraperDayp Event
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys gninrael Day Event
May Visaka Puja
evahJune
eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet evTab itavoTao
nni Mushroom
fo Day Event
dna July
dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatroAsanha
pmi decPucha
alp Day and Buddhist Lent and
.tnempoleved lanoitan eht rofsetaudThe
October arg tend
neicof
ifoBuddhist
rp Lent Event
November Loy Kratong Day Event
According to the research team

ianitiN tikuSattending
.rD and observation activities in Samreun
pehtgnurKit yis
Community, golfound foytpeople
onhceTthat isrevinUinalSamreun
agnamajaR fo tnediserPhave maintained Thai
Communitiy
traditions as well as people in Thai society in general in terms of the culture of building
Thai houses and merit the house on the New Year, the use of herbal medicine in treatment
of diseases such as the cooking of Tab Tao mushrooms to maintain good health, applying
medicine at a throat, or even bringing the prayers of the priests on various Buddhism
important days with a purpose to refresh the mind. This is in line with the concept of
sociology and the National Culture Act of 1915, which categorizes two cultures as:
1. (Material Culture) such as house building, food and medicine
2. (Non – Material Culture) such as language, tradition and belief.
The culture and traditions of the Samreun Community show the identity of the
community as shown below.
4
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand4 423


การฟื้นฟูประเพณี
prosperity and้าคือนsustainability,
าบน้าคืนเพ็ญ we are currently
การฟื้นฟูประเพณีอาบน เพ็ญ
prepared
: The to develop
restoration of full moonthe bathing
: The restoration of full moon bathing
ภูมิปัญภูญาแพทย์
มิปัญof
ญาแพทย์
ผนไทยแผนไทย
แinnovative
ต้ารายา ต้แพทย์
ารายาทแพทย์
technologies กทางเลื
างเลือof อก
knowledge. We have
placed medical
: Thai medical wisdom, importance oncultivating
recipes accomplished
and alternative medicine and
: Thai medical wisdom, medical recipes and alternative medicine
ชุมชนสามเรือน the national devel
development.
ชุมชนสามเรือน
: Samreun
: Samreun Community
Community
วิถีชีวิตวิกัถบีชสายน
ีวิตกับ้าสายน
แบบเดิ้ามแบบเดิ
เช่ ม เช่ยนงเจ้
น ตะเกี ตะเกี
ยงเจ้าพายุ
าพายุ
President
The
The traditional of Rajamangala
traditional
livingliving Universityof
with such
with water waterassuch of hurricane
as Technology
hurricane lamp lampKrungthep
ภูมิปัญภูญาด้
มิปัญานสถาปั
ญาด้านสถาปั
ตยธรรมตยธรรม
การสร้าการสร้ างบ้านทรงไทย
งบ้านทรงไทย
: Architectural
: Architectural wisdom
wisdom – Thai–house
Thai buidling
house buidling
The The
picture illustrates
picture the contextual
illustrates information
the contextual on community
information traditions
on community traditions
of Samreun Community
of Samreun Community
5. Conclusion
5. Conclusion
The The
cultural tradition
cultural in theinSamreun
tradition community
the Samreun that is the
community thatimportant identity identity
is the important is is
the tradition of Full Moon Bathing which appeared on Loy Krathong Day
the tradition of Full Moon Bathing which appeared on Loy Krathong Day of November. of November.
According to the interview with Mr. Suphareuk Krankra, the president of Samreun Sub-
According to the interview with Mr. Suphareuk Krankra, the president of Samreun Sub-
district Administrative Organization, it was found from his statement that the villagers in
district Administrative Organization, it was found from his statement that the villagers in
Samreun Sub-district. Bang Pa-in District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province has
Samreun Sub-district. Bang Pa-in District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province has
revived the traditional Loy Krathong tradition of the village which is full moon bathing
revived the traditional Loy Krathong tradition of the village which is full moon bathing
ceremony. On the full moon Loy Kratong night, the female villagers will wear a skirt to
ceremony.
cover her breasts Onwhile
the full moonwill
the male Loywear
Kratong night, They
a loincloth. the female
ride a villagers
boat out to will
thewear
centera skirt to
cover
of the riverher
to breasts while
spot candle andthe male will
incenses and wear a loincloth.
pray before They ride
Loy Krathong to aask
boat
theout to the center
goddess
Ganges by faith and then bath themselves with the water in the river to brought the the
of the river to spot candle and incenses and pray before Loy Krathong to ask evil goddess
out Ganges by faith
of the body. Theyandalsothen
bringbath
the themselves
Krathong backwithtothe water
draw waterininto
the the
river to brought
container and the evil
keepout
thatofwater
the body.
in the They
home also bring
for the the Krathong
prosperity back to draw water into the container and
of the family.
keep that water in the home for the prosperity of the family.
ymonocE evitaerC ni serutluC & strA no ecnerefnoC lanoitanretnI 5
4241dnalFebruary


The
dnaliahT foillustrates
picture noisiv sthe ’tnedressing
mnrevogon ehtthe redFull
nU Moon Bathing tradition of the people in
,ytSamreun
ivitaerc ,yCommunity,
golonhcet foBang esu ePa ht In
sezDistrict,
isahpmePhra taht Nakhon
0.4 Si Ayutthaya Province.
yltnerruThe c erabove a ew statement,ytilibaniaoftsuSuparerk
s dna yKanleng, tirepsorp the president of Samreun Sub-
d n a la n o i ta c u d e e v i t ae r c
district Administrative Organization, showed that e h t p o le v e d o t derthe
apertradition
p of restoration in Samreun
e s u e h t h t i w s t ne d u t s p i u qe o t d n a s m e t sy s g n
Community is consistent with the evidence of the 12-month royal ceremony in the King i nrae l
evah eW .egdreign
Chulalongkorn's elwonthat k fo“Brahmins
seigolonhccalls et evtoday
itavonas ni Siva
fo Nirvana night. In the morning,
the Brahmins will bring the brass pot and put it on their heads, walk to the river Ganges,
sit down by the river and use a spoonful of water to spell the spell and wash their faces.
Then jump into the Ganges River into the water 3 times, pour the soil in the water to
bleach rub soap, use clean water to rub clean, put the pot up, get dress and walk the
radiator toward the shrine to iacontinue
nitiNtikuthe S.rDreligious
 ceremony. This practice is considered
as a psanctification
ehtgnurK ygoofloall nhcthe foytithat
eT sins srevhas
inUbeenalagnmade amajaentirely.”
R fo tnediserP
In the Buddhist era, there is also the Full Moon Bathing in Buddhism style. Most of the
people in India are Brahmins that doctrine is one of the important principles, namely, the
belief in the sanctity of water called Mahatunna. Even the Buddha himself was once
convinced by Brahman to take a bath as well.
The Full Moon Bathing of the people in Samreun Community generally takes
place on full moon nigh or astrologically called as “Wan Puranamee”, which Pinyo
Pongcharoen, the president of the International Astrological Association, said that ancient
Thai people believe that it is the best time to make the holy water. Also, the full moon
night of the 12th month or Loy Krathong day is the most sacred period. There are two
ways to make holy water. The first is " Arb Saeng Pen" (Bathing the moonlight) that
there should not have anything covered the body to allow the moonlight to touch all parts
of the body. The second is “Arb Nam Jak Saeng Pen” or “Arb Nam Pen" (Bathing the
moonlight with water) which is the way preparing the water and then taking a bath
outdoor or bringing water to the container, leaving in the moonlight and taking such water
to bath.
The study found that what is added to the sacred faith in the Full Moon Vathing
of the people in Samreun Community contain the contextual of things in Samreun
Community to make people believe more in bathing. The place to conduct the ceremony
is generally at Wat Samreun ( Samreun Temple), Bang Pa In District, Phra Nakhon Si
Ayutthaya Province. This temple also located the sacred things that are honored by the
6
people RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY

in Samreun Community that are theOF TECHNOLOGY
Statue KRUNGTHEP
of Luang Por Kaew, Sarn Chao Wat
(Chao Wat Shrine) and Chao Mae Boonreung ( Boonreung the goddess’s Shrine)

The picture of Wat Under thegovernment’s
Samreun’s chruch vision of Thailand
devel
Luang Por Kaew Sarn Chao Wat Shrine Boonreun the goddess’s Shrine
The place of Wat Samereun and others mentioned above shows the faith in the
mental attachment of people in Samreun Community that they must be performed in a
sacred place and with a spiritual respect. This makes it easier for people in the bathing
tradition to regain faith. The origin of the Full Moon Bathing in Samreun Community is
from the faith in the things mentioned above. It is believed that one who takes a Full
Moon Bathing will be completed in 4 aspects as health, beauty, enchanting and Buddhism
magic
In health aspect, it is believed that those who are physically ineligible, poor health,
should take a Full Moon Bathing, and then pray for the moment when the moon orbit is
set straight on the head as “May I am wish healthy without any disease”
In beauty aspect, It is believed that if the clothes, cosmetics and appliances are
bathed the moonlight and the user pray to increase the power, it will create a special force
to enhance the beauty of the user.
In enchanting aspect, It is believed that the Full Moon Bathing can cause a great
love and relationship between men and women who focus on the loyalty, sincere and
trust.
In Buddhism magic aspect, it is believed that those who have spells or amulets can
increase their magic power from the moonlight in this very special night by preparing the
body, mind, and equipment then lighten the mind and pray for the power of the sacred
equipment to be more powerful.
4261dnalFebruary
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand 7

6. Discussion
The culture and traditions fo tneof disSamruen

erP eht m orf egasseM
Community are uniquely Thai that the
way of life of the psociety ehtgnuare rK yconsistent
golonhceTwith fo ythe tisrenatural
vinU alenvironment,
agnamajaR such as the
availability of Loy Krathong and Full Moon Bathing in the waterfront area. This tradition
is aygtestimony
olonhcet eto vitathe
erc knowledge,
a eb ot smwisdom, ia KTUMbeliefs, R and long-standing beliefs of the
y lg n i d r oc c a sa h y t i sr e v i n u e h T .a i sA n i
Samreun Community that became a good thing, acceptance of inheritance, a fair y t i sr e v i n u
dna lennothat
relationship srepkeep ruo the fo tcommunity
nempolevedstable. eht nThis o desisucconsistent
of with the one in the book
lanoitanreNittitkarnsueksa,
Ratanapinit tni ot ngila tahwhich t smustates
lucirruthatc c"...imeeach daca country in each community must
hcrato
strive esepreserve
r eht dethe tomknowledge
orp osla eand vah treasures
eW .sdraof dnathe ts diverse region's valuable local
e v i ta e r c h t iw se c i v r
culture to be maintained for a long time. e s c i m e da ca e h t , t n e m p o le v e d
7. Suggestion
,tnemp1.olThere eved should
lanoitabe n arestudy
tsof andot ncollection
oitavonniof dwisdom na in various aspects of the
yltnerrucSamreun era ewCommunity ,ytilibaniacontinuously.
tsus dna ytirepsorp
dna l2. anoThe
itacucultures
de evitand aerctraditions
eht poleof veother
d ot communities
deraperp should be studied for further
esu eht hreference.
tiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys gninrael
dna dehาsงอิ
8. เอกสารอ้ ilpง mocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp
[1] , . 2556.
. :แ .
ianitiNtikuS..r2550.
D
tgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnediserP
peh[2] .
.
.
ϭ

The Factors Affected to Customers’ Satisfaction with Staying in
Message
4-5 Star Hotels from
in the the President
Chao Phrayaof Riverside

1, 2
Supaphorn Akkapin
 Rochana Srisangvorn
university
Tourism Department, Faculty of Liberal in Asia. TheUniversity
Arts, Rajamangala universityofhas accordingly
Technology
focused
Krungthep, on the
Bangkok, development of our personnel and
Thailand
standards.Nilchan
Kittiphum We have also promoted the research
Department, Faculty of Liberal Arts, development, the academic
Rajamangala University oficTechnology
Krungthep,
concepts,
Bangkok, and the preservation of arts and culture.
Thailand
Waratchaya4.0 Wilaiprajuabseang
that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
A student of an International College,and innovation
Rajamangala to foster
University national development,
of Technology Krungthep,
prosperity
Bangkok, and sustainability, we are currently
Thailand
*Corresponding author.learning systems and to equip students with the use
E-mail: supaporn.a@mail.rmutk.ac.th
devel
Bstract
This quantitative research aims to study the tangible and intangible factors affected on
President
the customers‟ satisfaction when of in
staying Rajamangala Universityof
4-5 star hotels in ChaoofPhraya
riverside, Bangkok
located in Surawong, Bangrak, and Sathorn area. Adapted from SERVQUAL model studied
by Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Berry, the questionnaire survey of which twenty-two attributes
relevant to five dimensions of service quality, namely tangible, reliability, responsiveness,
assurance and empathy was designed to collate the data. 100 copies of questionnaires were
returned and the data was analysed through descriptive statistics, T-test, and the one-way
analysis of variance (ANOVA). The research findings revealed that the overall satisfaction
levels of customers with the studied attributes were high. However, the levels of satisfaction
were significantly different due to the differentiation of customers‟ expectations and their
prior knowledge on the general standards of hotel practices. The study further suggested that
the 4-5 star riverside hotels should pay attention on both people and the process as well as its
amenities and facilities.
Keywords: Satisfaction, Expectation, Service Quality, SERVQUAL, Riverside Hotels

4281dnalFebruary
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand Ϯ

1. Background
Tourism is a leading industryfointnthe edisservice

erP ehtsector morf eatgathesseM global level as well as a major
provider of jobs andpeahsignificant tgnurK yggenerator olonhceToffoforeign ytisrevexchange
inU alagnatam theajnational
aR level. Tourism
has become one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the global economy (Baker,
ygoloDuring
2013). nhcet ethe vitaerecent
rc a edecades, b ot smthe ia K TUMRindustry has become an effective source for
tourism
monetary gains and economic growth fornithe
y lg n i d r oc c a s a h y t i s r e v i n u e h T .a i sA ytination
srevinu(The World Economic Forum, 2013).
d n a l e n n o s r e p r u o f o t n e
Hotel business is also crucial for that gain. For this m p o le v e d e h t n o d esucreason,
of the satisfaction of guest stays, as
lanoasitain
well nrethetni 4-5 ot starngilriverside
a taht shotel muluchas irrucbecome cimedaackeya performance indicator for the hotel
hcraeserMoreover,
business. eht detom theorguests‟
p osla perceptions
evah eW and .sdraexpectations
dnats are increasing and altering at a
rapid rate in the hotel industry Karunaratne, andevJayawardena1,
e v i ta e r c h t iw se c i v r e s c i m e d a ca e h t , t ne m p o l ed 2010). Hence, achieving
.erutlucadvantages
competitive dna stra fo and noitahigh vreseperformance
rp eht dna ,shave tpecnobeen
c imperative for the success in hotel
dnaliahT
industry. fo noithe
Gaining siv growth
s’tnemnof revservices
ogeht reduring dnU the last decades made many researchers have
,ytivitaerc ,the
recognized ygolneedonhcettofo develop esu eht semeasures zisahpme of tahtservice
0.4 quality as improving customer
,tnempoleviseda lcritical
satisfaction anoitan component retsof ot ofnothe itavohospitality
nni dna industry‟s value proposition to the
yltnerrConsequently,
guests. uc era ew ,the ytilihospitality
baniatsus industry dna ytirspends epsorp the money per year to better assess
guest satisfaction and understand the elements rof
d n a la n o i ta c u d e e v i ta e r c e h t p o le v e d o t d e apeloyalty.
rp With an understanding of what
esu eguests
causes ht htiwtoststay neduand ts pto iuqreturn,
e ot dhoteliers
na smetsycan s gact
ninrto
aeincrease
l loyalty (Carev, 2008).
dna dare
There ehsiseveral
lpmoccaconceptual gnitavitlucmodels no ecnawhich tropmi have decalbeen
p developed to evaluate customer
satisfaction. .tnemFrom polevemarketing
d lanoitanperspective,eht rofsetaudcustomer arg tneicisatisfaction
forp in four to five star riverside
hotel is achieved when the customer‟s needs and wants are fulfilled. The aim of managing
satisfaction is to obtain a higher rate of customer retention and to improve a company‟s
market share and profits examine the applicability of the service dimensions. SERVQUAL
model introduced by Parasuraman, ianitiNtikuZeithaml, S.rD and Berry (1985) has been applied to study
about the service quality across several industries.ajMany
p e h tg n u r K y g o l o n h c e T f oy t i sr e v i n U a la g n a m aR fo tstudies
nediserin
P different service industries
have used this model as a basis of developing surveys to assess customer satisfaction. The
study emphasized the knowledge of customer‟s perception of the service quality and the
ability to measure customer satisfaction which benefits industry professionals in numerous
ways. The measurement of customer satisfaction could provide specific data that could be use
in quality management. In hotels, the tangible and intangible products are highly intertwined
and have greater impact on guests‟ assessment of service quality. Knowing how customers
perceive service quality and being able to measure customer satisfaction can benefit industry
professionals in quantitative and qualitative ways. Therefore, this quantitative study has
employed the SERVQUAL model to assess the service quality of the 4-5 star Chao Phraya
riverside hotels to evaluate the satisfaction levels of the guests.
2. Objectives
This research aims:

1. To study the tourist behaviours who staying in the 4-5 star hotels in Chao Phraya
riverside, Bangkok, Thailand; and
2. To study the tangible and intangible factors affected on the customers‟ satisfaction with
the service quality of the 4-5 star hotels in Chao Phraya riverside, Bangkok, Thailand
ϯ

3. Methodology February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand 429
February 15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand15ϯ
ϯ
The questionnaire survey was designed to collate the data of which twenty-two attributes
3. Methodology
RAJAMANGALA
relevant to five dimensionsUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
of service quality, KRUNGTHEP
namely tangible, reliability, responsiveness,
3. Methodology
assurance and empathy,
The questionnaire survey called
was SERVQUAL modelthestudied
designed to collate data ofbywhich
Zeithaml, Parasuraman
twenty-two attributesand
Berry
The was todistributed
questionnaire
relevant to those
survey
five dimensions Message
wasofdesignedfrom
hotels‟
service to the
guests President
staying
collate
quality, the in
namely dataof
theofChao
tangible, which Phraya riverside
twenty-two
reliability, hotels
attributes
responsiveness,
between June
assurance
relevant to and
five Rajamangala
anddimensions
December,
empathy, called University
of2016.
SERVQUAL
service of
100quality, Technology
copiesmodel
of
namelystudied Krungthep
questionnaires were
by Zeithaml,
tangible, returned
Parasuraman
reliability, and the anddata
responsiveness,
wasBerry was
anddistributed
analysed
assurance through tocalled
thoseSERVQUAL
empathy,descriptive hotels‟ guestsT-test,
statistics, stayingstudied
model in the
and Chao
the by
one-wayPhraya
Zeithaml, riverside
analysis of hotels
Parasuraman variance
and
between June and December, 
2016. 100 RMUTK
copies of aims to bewere
questionnaires a creative
returned technology
and the data
(ANOVA).
Berry The researchtoconceptual
was distributed framework
those hotels‟ was illustrated
guests staying in the below.
Chao Phraya riverside hotels
was analysed university in Asia.and The university has accordingly
between June andthrough descriptive
December, statistics,
2016. focused
100 copies T-test,
on of
the
the one-way
questionnaires
development were
of
analysis
returned
our
ofand
personnel
variance
the
anddata
(ANOVA). The research conceptual
was analysed through descriptive statistics, framework was illustrated below.
academic T-test, and thethat
curriculums one-way
align analysis of variance
to international
(ANOVA). The research conceptual standards. framework We was illustrated below.
have also promoted the research
concepts,
dĂŶŐŝďůĞƐand the preservation of arts and culture.
Five Dimensions of Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
Service Quality 4.0 that emphasizes
dĂŶŐŝďůĞƐ the use of technology, creativity,
Five Dimensions of and innovation to foster national development,
dĂŶŐŝďůĞƐ
Service Quality prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
Five Dimensions of prepared to ZĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ
develop the creative educational and
ƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŽĨ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞYƵĂůŝƚǇŽĨƚŚĞϰͲϱƐƚĂƌŚĂŽ
Service Quality learning systems and to equip students with the use
ZĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ
WŚƌĂǇĂƌŝǀĞƌƐŝĚĞ,ŽƚĞů͕ĂŶŐŬŽŬ
ZĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ
devel
ZĞƐƉŽŶƐŝǀĞŶĞƐƐ
SERVQUAL
SERVQUAL Dr.SukitNitinai
SERVQUAL ƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ
ƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ
ĂƚĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ
ĂƚĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ
 ĞƐĐƌŝƉƚŝǀĞ^ƚĂƚŝƐƚŝĐƐ
ĞƐĐƌŝƉƚŝǀĞ^ƚĂƚŝƐƚŝĐƐ ŵƉĂƚŚǇ
ŵƉĂƚŚǇ
 ĂƚĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ
KŶĞͲǁĂǇEKs
 KŶĞͲǁĂǇEKs
 dͲƚĞƐƚ
dͲƚĞƐƚ
 ĞƐĐƌŝƉƚŝǀĞ^ƚĂƚŝƐƚŝĐƐ ŵƉĂƚŚǇ
 Figure
KŶĞͲǁĂǇEKsFigure1:1: Conceptual
Conceptual Framework ofthe
Framework of theResearch
Research
 dͲƚĞƐƚ
4. Research
4. Research Results
Results
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Research
Demographic
Demographic Detailsofofthe
Details theRespondents
Respondents
4. Research Results
The majority of the respondents are female (51%) who are between 36 and 45 years old
The majority of the respondents are female (51%) who are between 36 and 45 years old
(26%) from Europe (44%) and Americas (27%) and have their partners (40%) or family
(26%) from Europe
Demographic (44%)
Details of theand Americas (27%) and have their partners (40%) or family
Respondents
(33%) as their companions. These people stayed at those hotels about a week (62%) or less
(33%)
(27%). They reserved the rooms viapeople
as their companions. These stayed
the hotel agentatwebsites
those hotels
(63%).about a week (62%) or less
(27%).
The They reserved
majority the rooms via
of the respondents arethefemale
hotel agent
(51%)websites
who are(63%).
between 36 and 45 years old
(26%) from Europe (44%) and Americas (27%) and have their partners (40%) or family
(33%) as their companions. These people stayed at those hotels about a week (62%) or less
(27%). They reserved the rooms via the hotel agent websites (63%).
4301dnalFebruary
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand ϰ

PEHof
Assessment TGSatisfaction
NURK YGOLevels
LONHwithCET Service
FO YTIQuality
SREVINof UA LAStar
4-5 GNARiverside
MAJAR Hotels,
Bangkok
pehrevealed
The research findings tgnurK ythat
golothe eT fo ysatisfaction
nhcoverall tisrevinU allevels
agnamofajcustomers
aR with service
quality delivered by the 4-5 star riverside hotels at Bangkok were high (M=3.87). When
ygoloninvestigated
further hcet evitaercona each eb otindividual
smia KTU MR
dimension of the service quality, SERVQUAL
y lg n i d r oc c a sa h y t i sr e v i n u e hT .a i sA n i y
introduced by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1985) across several industries. Thet i sre v i n u
dna lendisclosed
findings nosrep ruthat o fothe tnerespondents
mpoleved ehwere t no most desucsatisfied
of with the „Tangible Dimension‟
la n o i ta n re t n i o t n g i la ta h t s m u l u c irr u c c i
(M= 4.51), followed by the „Responsiveness‟ (M=4.15), and the „Assurance‟ (M=3.96). Them e da c a
hcrless
two aesersatisfied
eht dedimension
tomorp oslof a service
evah eW quality.sdradelivered
dnats by those 4-5 star riverside hotels
e v i ta e r c h t iw s ec i v r e s
were the dimensions of „Reliability‟ (M=3.61) andc i m e d aca e h t , t n e m p o levethe d „Empathy (M=3.1). Figure 2 below
.erutluc dthe
demonstrated na following
stra fo noidetails. tavreserp eht dna ,stpecnoc
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot noitaDĞĂŶ vonni dna
dna lanoitacude evitaercϯ͘ϭeht poleved ot deraperp
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys gnϰ͘ϱϭ inrael dĂŶŐŝďůĞ
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp ZĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ
.tnempoϯ͘ϵϲ leved lanoitan eht rofsetaudarg tneiciforp ZĞƐƉŽŶƐŝǀĞŶĞƐƐ
ϯ͘ϲϭ ƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ
ŵƉĂƚŚǇ
ianϰ͘ϭϱ
itiNtikuS.rD
Figure 2: Satisfaction Levels of Service Quality Delivered by 4-5 Star Chao Phraya
Riverside Hotels, Bangkok
Dimension 1: Tangible
According to the „Tangible‟ dimension of service quality, these respondents were very
satisfied with the physical appearance of equipment, facilities of the hotel and work areas on-
site (closets, service offices, etc.) of the hotels (Mean = 4.5300, Std. Deviation = .57656).),
followed by the appearance of the hotel (Mean = 4.5100, Std. Deviation = .65897), and with
the industry certifications on patches staff, badges or buttons worn by employees, including
certification logos on emails, letters and reports of the hotel (Mean = 4.5100, Std. Deviation =
.50242). Though, these respondents were satisfied with the physical appearance of hotel staff
and their uniforms less than the other dimensions, but the level of satisfaction was still high
(Mean = 4.4700, Std. Deviation = .61060). The figure 3 below displayed the mentioned
figures.
ϱ

ϰ͘ϱϰ Message from the President of

ϰ͘ϱϮ
ϰ͘ϱ  RMUTK aims to be a creative technology

ϰ͘ϰϴ
ϰ͘ϰϲ academic curriculums that align to international
ϰ͘ϰϰ
dĂŶŐŝďůĞϭ dĂŶŐŝďůĞϮ dĂŶŐŝďůĞϯ dĂŶŐŝďůĞϰ
4.0 that
Figure 3: The Levels of Satisfaction with the emphasizes the use of technology,
‘Tangible’ dimension creativity,
of service quality
Dimension 2: Reliability prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
learning
In term of the dimension of „Reliability‟, guests systems
were mostandsatisfied
to equip students
with with theofuse
the reliability the
hotel staff when they performing theofpromised
innovative technologies
service (Mean =of4.09,
knowledge. We have=
Std. Deviation
.57022), followed by with the promised placed importance
services deliveredoncultivating accomplished
by the hotel staff and
(Mean = 3.80,
development.
Std. Deviation = 1.10096), and with an ability to perform the promised service dependably of
the hotel staff (Mean = 3.36, Std. Deviation = .83509). The dimension of quality of the
service that was least satisfied of those respondents were with an ability to perform the
promised service accurately of the hotel staff (Mean = 3.17, Std. Deviation = .87681). The
figure 4 below displayed the mentioned details. Dr.SukitNitinai
ϰ͘ϱ
ϰ
ϯ͘ϱ
ϯ
Ϯ͘ϱ
Ϯ
ϭ͘ϱ
ϭ
Ϭ͘ϱ
Ϭ
ZĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇϭ ZĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇϮ ZĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇϯ ZĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇϰ
Figure 4: The Levels of Satisfaction with the ‘Reliability’ dimension of service quality
Dimension 3: Responsiveness
Regarding the dimension of „Responsiveness‟, the hotel guests were most satisfied with the
willingness to provide prompt service of the hotel staff (Mean = 4.49, Std. Deviation =
.54114), followed with the returning a call or email and responding on-site instantly of the
hotel staff (Mean = 4.45, Std. Deviation = .78335), and the guests feel that the hotel staff are
responsive to their requests (Mean = 4.43, Std. Deviation = .65528) as well as the hotel staff
responds to the guests‟ needs or requests quickly (Mean = 3.97, Std. Deviation = .75819).
4321dnalFebruary
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand ϲ

P EH
The last factor TGNU
which theRK YGOwere
guests LONleast
HCE T FO Ywith
satisfied TISR EVdimension
the INU ALAwas
GNA Mhotel
the AJARstaff is
willing to help guests (Mean = 3.38, Std. Deviation = .77564). The figure 5 below
demonstrated the mentioned details.

ylgnidrocca sϰ͘ϱ aϰh ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
dna lennosreϯ͘ϱ p ruo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof
lanoitanretni Ϯ͘ϱ oϯt ngila taht smulucirruc cimedaca
hcraeser eht dϮ etomorp osla evah eW .sdradnats
ϭ͘ϱ
evitaerc htiw ϭsecivres cimedaca eht ,tnempoleved
.erutluc dnϬ͘ϱ aϬ stra fo noitavreserp eht dna ,stpecnoc
eva5:
Figure h The
eW Levels.egdelwof onSatisfaction
k fo seigolowith nhcetthe evi‘Responsiveness’
tavonni fo dimension of service
d n
quality a d e h s i l p m o cca g n i ta v i t l uc n o ec na tr o p m i deca l p
Dimension 4: Assurance
With regard to the dimension of „Assurance‟, the 4-5 star Chao Phraya riverside hotel guests
ianitistaff
were satisfied most with the hotel Ntikuassuring
S.rD the guests about their services quality (Mean
= 4.45,peStd.
htgnuDeviation eT foytisrfollowed
rK ygolon=hc.57516), evinU alaby
gnathe
majhotel
aR fostaff‟s
tnediseknowledge
rP ad competence
about their duty or job (Mean = 4.42, Std. Deviation = .65412), and the hotel staff‟s ability to
convey trust to their guests (Mean = 3.96, Std. Deviation = .53029). The last two factors that
the hotel guests were least satisfied were the hotel staff having high skills and confidence
when delivering their services (Mean = 3.73, Std. Deviation = .70861), and with the hotel
staff‟s communication of their expertise and competencies to their guests before doing the
work (Mean = 3.24, Std. Deviation = .65320). The figure 6 below demonstrated the
mentioned details.
Ϭ
ƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞϭ ƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞϮ ƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞϯ ƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞϰ ƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞϱ
Figure 6: The Levels of Satisfaction with the ‘Assurance’ dimension of service quality
ϳ

Dimension 5: Empathy
With regard to the dimension of „Empathy‟, the hotel guests were most satisfied with the
hotel staff performing their duty and delivering their services completely to specifications
(Mean = 3.42, Std. Deviation = .63850),
 came
RMUTK afteraims
with to
thebehotel staff understanding
a creative technology and
caring about their guests during delivery the services (Mean = 3.30, Std. Deviation
university in Asia. The university has accordingly = .85870),
and the hotel staff paying individualized
focused onattention to their guests
the development of our(Mean = 3.02,
personnel and Std.
academic curriculums that align to international the
Deviation = .79111). The last satisfaction of the guests was with the hotel staff fixing
guests‟ faults or mistakes happily standards. We have (Mean
and understandingly also promoted the Deviation
= 2.63, Std. research =
development,
.56237). The figure 7 below illustrated the mentioned thedetails.
academicic services with creative
ϯ͘ϱ 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
ϯ and innovation to foster national development,
Ϯ͘ϱ prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
Ϯ prepared to develop the creative educational and
ϭ͘ϱ
ϭ
Ϭ͘ϱ proficient graduatesfor the national development.
devel
Ϭ
ŵƉĂƚŚǇϭ ŵƉĂƚŚǇϮ ŵƉĂƚŚǇϯ ŵƉĂƚŚǇϰ
Figure 7: The Levels of Satisfaction with the ‘Empathy’ dimension of service quality
President of Rajamangala Universityofof Technology Krungthep
The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
When further analyzing the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the demographics
of the respondents, the research findings disclosed that there was no significance with those
aspects, except the age range of the guests and the hotel staff having an ability to perform the
promised services to their guests due to the P–value was less than 0.05 (Sig. = .036)
interpreting the differences of age range were satisfied differently with the hotel staff having
an ability to perform the promised services to their guests. The statistics displayed on the
table below.
Table 1: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
ANOVA
Age Range
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 11.039 4 2.760 2.688 .036
Within Groups 97.551 95 1.027
Total 108.590 99
4341dnalFebruary
15-17, 2018 Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand ϴ

P EH
The T-test TGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR
Analysis
With regard to the two independentfo tnedissample

erP eht T-test,
morf egthe assanalysis
eM found that there was no
pe ht g n urK y g o l o n hce T f o y t i sre v i n
significant difference between the satisfaction levels of male and femaleU a l a g n am ajaR guests with nearly
all studied attributes. There was only one attribute that was the hotel staff assuring the guests
about their service quality, interpreting there was significant difference between male and
female guests as the P–value was less than 0.05 (Sig. = .025). Table 2 below illustrated the
statistics.
.22319
.22252
.23124
.23072
.16185
.16185
.35833
.35830
.31048
Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
-.30242
-.30176
-.22884
-.22832
-.32431
-.32432
-.03740
-.03737
-.56658
Lower
Difference standards. We have also promoted the research
Std. Error

.13243
.13208
.11592
.11565
.12249
.12249
.09971
.09969
.22098
Difference

-.03962
-.03962
-.08123
-.08123
-.12805
.00120
.00120
.16046
.16046
Mean

Sig. (2-
t-test for Equality of Means

devel
tailed)
.765
.765
.992
.992
.509
.509
.111
.111
.564
97.207
97.429
97.839
97.892
98
98
98
98
98
df
1.609
1.610
-.299
-.300
-.663
-.663
-.579
.010
.010
t
for Equality of
Levene's Test
.431
.380
.962
.645
.904
Sig.
Variances
.626
.777
.002
.214
.015
F
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not

Equal variances
Equal variances
Equal variances
Equal variances
Equal variances
Independent Samples Test
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
Reliability1
Tangible1
Tangible2
Tangible3
Tangible4
4361dnalFebruary

ϭϬ
.31064
.38744
.38665
.41641
.41547
.25107
.25130
.33822
.33809
.15993
.16013
.14879

-.56674
-.27859
-.27781
-.28276
-.28182
-.20386
-.20408
-.18376
-.18363
-.44244
-.44264
-.47292
.22105
.16781
.16740
.17616
.17567
.11462
.11473
.13152
.13145
.15177
.15186
.15665
-.12805
-.14126
-.14126
-.16206
.05442
.05442
.06683
.06683
.02361
.02361
.07723
.07723
.564
.746
.746
.705
.704
.837
.837
.558
.558
.354
.355
.303
97.686
97.370
97.050
97.285
97.979
ianitiNtikuS.rD 97.510
98
98
98
98
98
98
-1.035
-.579
-.931
-.930
.324
.325
.379
.380
.206
.206
.587
.588
.547
.607
.623
.840
.534
.609
.366
.266
.243
.041
.389
.264
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not

Equal variances
Equal variances
Equal variances
Responsiveness1 Equal variances

assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
Reliability2
Reliability3
Reliability4


ϭϭ
.14837
.12237
.12222
.29495
.29439
.18731
.18867
.31757
.31796
.25185
.25340
.32869
.33090

-.47250
-.49212
-.49196
-.13569
-.13513
-.27135
-.27270
-.20392
-.20431
-.31347
-.31503
-.09180
-.09400
.15643
.15483
.15475
.10850
.10821
.11556
.11613
.13139
.13157
.14244
.14309
.10595
.10680
-.16206
-.18487
-.18487
-.04202
-.04202
-.03081
-.03081
.07963
.07963
.05682
.05682
.11845
.11845
devel
.303
.235
.235
.465
.464
.717
.718
.666
.667
.829
.830
.266
.271
97.924
97.979
97.153
90.803
96.888
91.507
82.384
98
98
98
98
98
98
-1.036
-1.194
-1.195
1.118
1.109
-.364
-.362
-.216
-.215
.734
.736
.432
.432
.743
.153
.025
.527
.145
.067
2.078
5.206
2.160
3.434
.108
.403
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not

Equal variances
Equal variances
Equal variances
Equal variances
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
Assurance1
Assurance2
Assurance3
Assurance4

4381dnalFebruary

ϭϮ
.42806
.42767
.70655
.70582
.27154
.27110
.51395
.51383
.26942
.26936
-.08872
-.08834
-.23793
-.23748
-.11219
-.11207
-.17898
-.17892
.03775
.03847
.13021
.13001
.16851
.16813
.12836
.12814
.15776
.15770
.11298
.11295
.16967
.16967
.37215
.37215
.01681
.01681
.20088
.20088
.04522
.04522
.196
.195
.030
.029
.896
.896
.206
.206
.690
.690
97.880
97.525
97.781
97.956
97.928
98
98
98
98
98

1.303
1.305
2.209
2.213
1.273
1.274
.131
.131
.400
.400
.576
.759
.513
.948
.682
.314
.095
.431
.004
.169
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not
Equal variances not

Equal variances
Equal variances
Equal variances
Equal variances
Equal variances
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
Assurance5
Empathy4
Empathy1
Empathy2
Empathy3


5. Conclusion
Service quality is highly important for tourism and hospitality industry. Hence, an assessment
of customer‟s expectations and perceptions of service quality factors on overall customer
satisfaction are critical for hotel business as the stake and competiveness are very high.
Adopted the attributes of SERVQUAL instrument, presented by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and
Berry (1985), this research finding revealed that tangible elements were important for the
guests as they could see, tough and use them. Responsiveness of hotel staff is also very
important. These guests paid highly for academic curriculums
their services; hence theythat align totoreceive
expected international
the best
standards. We have also promoted
quality of services. However, assurance and reliability were also significant important the research
factors
due to these guests expected to rely ondevelopment,
the hotel staffthe academic
with regardic toservices
their jobwith creative
as well as to
concepts, and the preservation of arts and
assure the guests to deliver the services as they promised. Significantly, the riverside hotel culture.
management practices need to pay highly attention Under thegovernment’s
on the empathy of their vision
staffofasThailand
the guest
realized that the staff a bit lacked of cares and individualized attention on them. creativity,
6. References prepared to develop the creative educational and
[1] Baker, D. (2013). “Understanding of innovative technologies
the Economic Impact ofofTourism
knowledge.
in theWe have
Asian
Pacific Region Using the TourismplacedSatellite
importance
Accountoncultivating accomplished
(TSA)”. International and
Journal
of Business and Social Scienceproficient
Vol. 4 graduatesfor
No. 3; Marchthe national development.
2013 devel
[2] Carev, D. (2008). "Guest satisfaction and guest loyalty study for hotel Industry"
(2008). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. [Online] Available at
htp://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses. Accessed on 20 October, 2017.
[3] Karunaratne, W. M. K. K. and Jayawardena1, L. N. A. C. (2010). “Assessment of
Customer Satisfaction in a Five Star Hotel - A Case Study”. Tropical Agricultural
Research, Vol. 21(3): 258 – 265.
[4] Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. and Berry, L. (1985) “A Concept Model of Service
Quality and Its Implications for Future Research”, Journal of Marketing (Fall), 41-
50.
[5] The World Economic Forum (2013).

www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TT_Competitiveness_Report_2013.pdf
4401dnalFebruary
PEThe
HTGsatisfaction
NURK YGOLof ON HCstudents
the E T FO Y T
onISR EVcurriculum
the INU ALAGNof
AMAJAR
Maejo
fo tUniversity
nediserP eht -Chumphon
morf egasseM
Phatthanakan Tiapibool, Boonsin Jitaprapan.
ylgnidrocca sah yMaejo tisreviuniversity
nu ehT .a-ischumphon,A ni ytisreMaejo vinu University.
dna lennosrep r99 uo moo
fo tn5eT.Lamae,
mpolevedA.Lamae, eht no dChumphonesucof province.
1. Background
dnalEach iahT curriculum
fo noisiv sand ’tnem nrevogehtinrehigher
instruction dnU Education has its own different education
philosophies in the structure and concept of pcontent
,y t i v i ta er c ,y g o l o n hc e t f o e s u e h t s e z i s a h me tahtand 0.4 experience for students to achieve
the goals set in the higher education management ofneach
, t n e m p o le v e d la n o i ta n r e t s of o t n o i ta v o n n i d a institution. The curriculum is
therefore is designed in terms of content, subjects and experiences that will occur in the
classroom to be wise, professional, ethics and integrity for students and graduates as well as
to develop
evah eW and.egcreate
delwonew nk foknowledge,
seigolonhceacademic t evitavonadministration
ni fo for the community and
society, strengthening community,
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnatropmi decalp lifelong education and assisting with all levels of
education. .tnempoleved lanoitan eht rofsetaudarg tneiciforp
Maejo University is a leading university with international excellence in agriculture
that strives to develop the graduates into rich people with the wisdom to work ethically and
ethically for the prosperity of Thai society. The university will produce graduates who are
academically and professionally ianiqualified,
tiNtikuS.rD especially
 entrepreneurs and the development of
curriculapehtgfor nurchange-based
K ygolonhceT flearning, oytisrevinfocusing
U alagnam onajaagriculture,
R fo tnediserapplied
P science, foreign
language, information technology and the disciplines that correspond to the direction of
economic development, local community and the society of the country. This is done by
expanding opportunities for underprivileged people to enter higher education and promote
lifelong learning for all levels of people. It also creates and develops innovations and
knowledge in various disciplines, particularly in agriculture and applied science for learning
and technology transfer to society; expand academic and international cooperation and
services in national and international level; develop the university for academic excellence in
agriculture; to be the self-reliant and the society-reliant; maintain the arts and culture of the
nation; conserve the natural resources and to create and develop a management system to be
effective, effective and transparent in the management.
Maejo University - Chumphon is equivalent to the Faculty of Maejo University that

provides 5 cirriculums comprises Bachelor degree of Science Program, Department of
Fisheries; Bachelor degree of Science, Department of Plant Production Technology;
Bachelor degree of Arts, Department of Tourism Development; Bachelor degree of Business
Administration, Department of Management and Administration and Bachelor of degree of
Political Science, Department of Political Science Therefore, the students' satisfaction on the
Maejo Uuniversity -Chumphon curriculum was evaluated as a guideline for the development
of the curriculum in accordance with the context and in accordance with the needs of the
students.

2. Objective
1. To study gender differences in students' satisfaction toward the curriculum.
2. To study the differences of the years of study on satisfaction toward the
curriculum.
3. Mythology university in Asia. The university has accordingly
Population focused on the development of our personnel and
academic
The population used in this study wascurriculums
541 Maejo that align students
University to international
-
st th standards. We have also promoted
Chumphon Year from 1 – 4 year in 4- year- program and 4-year-transfer program. the research
Sample group development, the academic ic services with creative
The samples used in this research were 541 sampled students from Maejo University -
Chumphon. The sample size was 231 persons. The sample size was calculated using Taro
Yamane's calculation method (citedand in Kitpreedaborisud. Boonthum,
innovation to foster 1992).development,
national The formula
was as follows: prosperity and sustainability, we are currently
n = N/(1+Ne2)
When n = sample learning
size systems and to equip students with the use
of innovative
When N = population size technologies of knowledge. We have
e = sample errorplaced importance
(in this oncultivating
case, the error value wasaccomplished
0.05, because and
this
sample was a supplement to the research.) devel
In this study, there were 541 population groups and 95 or 0.05 sample
tolerances. The sample sizes used for the study were calculated as follows: n = 541/1 + 541
(0.052) = 229.96 (231)
Data Collecting Tools of Technology Krungthep
The tools used to collect data was this research was the satisfaction questionnaire
of Maejo University - Chumphon students with the details as follows:
Part 1 General information about respondents' personal characteristics about
gender, age, education, and discipline
Part 2 was a questionnaire about students' satisfaction toward the teaching
program at Maejo University – Chumphon in 6 aspects as follows:
1) Curriculum Content
2) Instructional Activities
3) Instructional Evaluation
4) The factors supporting Instruction (ie materials, teaching aids, buildings,
environments, libraries, and student activities)
5) Instructors
6)) Other services (including financial services, educational services and
student affairs, computer room, library, cooperative education and counseling)
Data Collecting Method

The researcher used the questionnaire about the satisfaction of the students on the
curriculum at Maejo University - Chumphon. The researcher collected data from the
following sources:
1. Primary Data- the information obtained from the field that the questionnaire
was used to ask students for their satisfaction toward the curriculum in the content,
4421dnalFebruary
PEHactivities,
Instructional TGNURKInstructional
YGOLONH C E T FO Y
evaluation, TIfactors
the SREVsupporting
INU ALAG NA
the MAJAR
Instruction,
instructors and other services of Maejo University - Chumphon
2. Secondary Data-the information obtained from the collection of documents
related to satisfaction. Curriculum Education Institution by collecting information from
documents,
ygolonhcebooks,
t evitaereports,
rc a ebrelevant
ot smacademic
ia KTUMdocuments
R such as the Office of the National
Higher Education Commission or Higher education
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu institutions
lanoitanData retnianalysis
ot ngiand la tstatistics
aht smuused lucirrin ucresearch.
cimedaca
hcraeser The eht researcher
detomorp collected osla evadata h eW from.sdthe radcollected
nats questionnaire and then verified
theevaccuracy
itaerc htiand w sthe res cimedacaThe
ecivcompleteness. ehtdata
,tnewasmpoanalyzed
leved by computer program via
.erutlu1)c dnInferential
a stra fo nAnalysis
oitavreserstatistics p eht dnaused ,stpeincnhypothesis
oc testing.
dnaT-Test
The liahT fwas o noused
isiv to s’tntestemnthe revdifferences
ogeht rednU in the mean scores of the two groups to test the
,ytivitaerc at,ygthe
hypothesis olonlevel
hcet foofesconfidenceu eht sezisahofpm95 e tapercent,
ht 0.4 the first variable was a question
measuring the nominal scale and the variable was a dmeasure
, t ne m p o le ve d la n o i ta n r e t s o f o t n o i ta v o n n i na of interval size.
yltnerruc Inercase a ew ,y t i l i ba n ia t s u s d
that the variance of the sample is equal,n a y t ir e p s orp the formula to be used would be
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys̅ gn̅inrael
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolton=hc(et ev) itav( onn)i fo
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno e√cnatropmi decal⌊p ⌋
In case that the variance of the sample is not equal, the formula to be used will be
̅ ̅
t=
ianitiNt√ikuS.rD
by which df = + -2
when t refers to Statistical values to be considered in t-distribution
̅ ̅ refer to Mean of sample 1 and group 2, respectively.
, refers to Number of samples in group 1 and group 2
df refers to Degree of Freedom
2) One-way ANOVA was used to test the difference between the mean of the two
groups, using the hypothesis 1 test. The first variable was a question measuring the nominal
scale or ordinal scale and an interval scale.
F=

when F refers to Statistical values to be considered in f-distribution
MSb refers to Variance
Message from the between samples
President of
MS w refers to Variance within the sample
SSb refers to The sum of two squares between the samples.
SSw refers to RMUTK
Positive aims intoa group.
squares be a creative technology
focused
difference was statistically on the
significant bydevelopment
0.05 using theofCheffe's
our personnel
method. and
The
formula was as follows. academic curriculums that align to international
√( development,
)( )( the )( academic) ic services with creative
when
4.0 that
k refers to Number of samples
emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
refers to The critical value F at the significance level α, which is
open from the critical value table F prepared to develop the creative educational and
refers to Variance
learningwithin the group
systems and toCalculated for variance
analysis. of innovative technologies of knowledge. We have
refers to The placed importance
size of the two groups oncultivating
was compared. accomplished and
proficient
refers to The value used tograduatesfor the difference
determine the national development.
devel
between the
average of each pair is that the average of two values is statistically significant difference
only if the mean value is greater than or equal to CV_d.
Hypothesis
1st Hypothesis Different genders satisfy Dr.SukitNitinai
different curriculum.
nd President of Rajamangala Universityof
2 Hypothesis Different years satisfy different forofdifferent Technology Krungthep
curriculums
4441dnalFebruary
4. Result PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

1. Comparative result of students' gender on the satisfaction toward curriculum
Table 1 Comparison of Student Satisfaction with the Quality of the Maejo University-
ygolonProgram
Chumphon hcet evitin
aeoverall
rc a eband
ot the
smindividual
ia KTUMaspects
R classified
 by gender.
dna Satisfaction
lennosrep rissues
uo fo tnempolevFemale
ed eht no desucofMen t Sig.
(2-
hcraeser eht detomorp osla ̅evah eW .sdradn̅ats
tailed)
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedXaca eht S.D. ,tnempoleXved S.D.
dnCurriculum
1. aliahT fo noContents
isiv s’tnemnre3.76
vogeht re.564
dnU 3.69 .533 .890 .374
y2.ltInstructional
nerruc era Activities
ew ,ytilibani3.65
atsus dn.636a ytirep3.66
sorp .531 -.142 .887
esuInstructional
3. eht htiw stneduts piuqe o3.70
t dna sm.668
etsys gni3.69
nrael .645 .190 .850
eEvaluation
vah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcet evitavonni fo
.tnemsupporting
4. Factors poleved lanoitan eh3.32
t rofseta.783
udarg tne3.33
iciforp .842 -.040 .968
Instruction
5. Instructors 3.87 .654 3.82 .732 .538 .591
htgnurK ygolonhceT foytis3.51
6.peOthers revinU a.848
lagnamaj3.33
aR fo tne.858
diserP 1.583 .115
Overall 3.63 .573 3.586 .549 .661 .509
* Statistical significance 0.05
Table 1 shows that students' satisfaction with the quality of the Maejo University -
Chumphon campus in overall was 2-tailed. It was 0.509 which was higher than the
significance level of 0.05. The level of satisfaction with the quality of the courses was
significantly higher than 0.05. Therefore, the satisfaction level of the curriculum between
male and female was satisfactory. Instructional Activities, Instructional Evaluation and The
factors supporting the teaching had no statistically significant difference at the statistical level
(p> 0.05). The values of the Equal Variances Assumed were used. The p-value (content in the
curriculum was 0.374). Instructional Activities = 0.887) (Instructional Evaluation = 0.850)
(Instructional Support = 0.968) (Instructors = 0.591) There were significant differences (p>
0.05). Considering in overall, the level of satisfaction with the curriculum between male and
female found that female students were satisfied with the curriculum content, Instructional
Evaluation, Instructors and Others. In addition, males were satisfied with the quality of the
curriculum, the factors supporting instruction higher than female students respectively

Analysis of hypothesis # 1
2nd Hypothesis: different genders satisfy different curriculum.
Based on the hypothesis above, the following assumptions can be made:
H0: Different sexes satisfy similar curriculum.
H1: Different genders satisfyRMUTK
different aimscourses.
to be a creative technology
For statistics used in analysis. T-test using
university in Asia. The 95%university
confidencehas
level will reject the
accordingly
focused
null hypothesis (H0) if the 2-tailed prod. (P) isonless
thethan
development of our personnel and
0.05 (p <0.05).
The results of the t-test showed that the students' satisfaction with the quality
of the Maejo University - Chumphon standards. We have
was 2-tailed also which
as 0.509 promotedwas the
not research
significantly
development,
different (p> 0.05). Therefore, this finding the academic
was not consistent ic services
with with creative
the hypothesis.
2. The results of the students’Under thegovernment’s
years comparison onvision of Thailand
the satisfaction
toward the curriculum. 4.0 that emphasizes the use of technology, creativity,
prosperity
Table 2 Comparison of Student Satisfaction withand sustainability,
the Quality of Maejowe are currently
university-Chumphon
Curriculum both in overall and individual; classified by year of study
Satisfaction Issue Source
variance SS
proficient graduatesfor Df MSdevelopment.
the national devel F Sig.
1) Curriculum Between 1.886 1.899 .131
3
Content group 75.150 .629
Within group 77.036 227
.331
Total 230
2) Instructional President
Betweenof Rajamangala Universityof 3of Technology
.629 1.899 Krungthep
.131
Activity group 1.886
Within group 75.15 277 .331
0
Total 77.03 230
6
3) Instructional Between .448 .719
Evaluation group .578 3 .193
Within group 97.67
227 .430
3
Total 98.25
230
1
4) Factors Between .820 .484
Supporting group 1.637 3 .546
Instruction Within group 151.1
227 .666
27
Total 152.7
230
64
4461dnalFebruary

Table 2 (continue)
Satisfaction Issue fo Source
tnediserP eht morf egasseM
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT fo ySS
variance tisrevinUDfalagnam
MSajaR F Sig.
Between .910 .437
ygo5)lonInstructors
hcet evitaerc a eb groupot smia KTUM1.330R  3 .443
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinuWithin ehT .agroup
isA ni yt110.6
isrevinu
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempoleved eht no desucof 227 .488
88
Total
hcraeser eht detomorp osla evah eW .sd112.0 radnats 230
evitaerc htiw secivres cimedaca eht ,tnempol18 eved
.6.eruOther
tluc dServices
na stra fo noitaBetween
vreserp eht dna ,stpecnoc 1.27 1.754 .157
group 3.823 3
4
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esWithin
u eht sgroup
ezisahpme164.9
taht 0.4
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot noitavonni dna 227 .727
37
Total
dna lanoitacude evitaerc eht poleved ot d168.7 eraperp 230
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna smetsys gni60 nrael
evahOverall
eW .egdelwonk fo sBetween
eigolonhcet evitavonni fo 1.245 .294
1.166 3 .389
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavigroup tlucno ecnatropmi decalp
.tnempoleved lanoitanWithineht rogroup
fsetaudarg70.90
tneiciforp
227 .312
3
Total 72.06
230
9
* Statistical
pehtgnurKsignificance
ygolonhceTatfo0.05.
ytisrevinU alagnamajaR fo tnediserP
From Table 2, Student Satisfaction toward the Quality of Maejo University-

Chumphon curriculum had no statistically significant differences (p <0.05). The content in
the curriculum was 0.131; the instructional activity = 0.131; the instructional evaluation =
0.719; factor supporting instruction = 0.484; the instructor = 0.131 and other services = 0.294
Analysis of hypothesis 2
2nd Hypothesis Different year of study satisfy the different curriculum
Based on the hypothesis above, the following statistic assumptions can be made:
H0: Different years of study satisfies the similar curriculum
H1: Different years of study satisfies the different curriculum
The statistics used in analysis was the F-test, using the 95% confidence level
that will reject the null hypothesis (H0) if the 2-tailed Prod (P) is less than 0.05. If any of the
hypotheses deny the null hypothesis (H0) and Accepted hypotheses (H1), this show that at
least one pair of mean values are used to compare the multiple comparisons using the Scheffe
test.
The variance of each group is checked using Levene's test, which assumes the
following:
H0: The variance of each group is equal.
H1: The variance of each group is not equal.

A 95% confidence interval will reject the null hypothesis (H0) and accept the
null hypothesis (H1) if the Sig value is less than 0.05.
The Rajamangala
above result showed that of
University in Technology
all aspects, Krungthep
the Sig value is greater than
0.005. Therefore, the accepted assumptions (H0) and negative assumptions (H1) mean that
the different years are satisfied in all aspects:RMUTK
Curriculum aimsContent,
to be Instructional Activities,
universityInstruction
Instructional Evaluation, Factors supporting in Asia. The (ie,university
materials,hasteaching
accordingly
aids,
buildings, environments, libraries, and focused on the development
student activities), of our personnel
faculty, instructors and others andthat
no statistical difference was found (p> 0.05).
5. Conclusion and Discussions development, the academic ic services with creative
The study found that the overall students' Under thegovernment’s
satisfaction vision ofofthe
with the quality Thailand
Maejo-
University-Chumphon was at 2-tailed (0.509). Considering in each aspect, the level of creativity,
and innovation
satisfaction with the quality of the curriculum to foster national
was significantly higher than development,
0.05. The
students’ satisfaction toward the quality of the curriculum among the males and females were
satisfactory for the Curriculum Content, Instructional Activities, Instructional Evaluation,
The factors supporting instruction, Instructors and technologies
of innovative Others had no of statistically
knowledge. significant
We have
difference at the statistic level (p> 0.05).
placed importance oncultivating level
Considering in overall, the of satisfaction
accomplished and
toward the curriculum between male proficient
and female found that the
graduatesfor the national
level of satisfaction
devel
development. with the
content curriculum was high for Curriculum Content, Instructional Evaluation, Instructors
and Others. In addition, males are more satisfied with the quality of the curriculum,
Instructional Activities, The factors supporting instruction than female students respectively.
Presidentsexes
Students with different of Rajamangala
were not Universityof of Technology
satisfied with the courseKrungthep
significant
statistically (P> 0.05) which was not consistent with the assumptions since gender can
influence the satisfaction of the curriculum which was not consistent with Jaruwon Thavakul
(2012)’s research study on Commercial Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 at Chachoengsao
Vocational College. It was found that students with different gender. There were statistically
significant differences in satisfaction with the instruction process. Somchai Boonsun (2011)
studied students' satisfaction toward the instruction of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya
University, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. It was found that the status of the different
opinions on Instructional Activities. There were statistically significant differences at .05
level.
The results of the student satisfaction survey on the quality of the Maejo university-
Chumporn was found in the overall of 0.294 (p> 0.05), without statistically significant which
was not consistent with the assumptions. According to Somchai Boonsun (2011)’s research
on students' satisfaction toward the instruction of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya
University, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province found that students with different years had
no statistically significant differences at .05 level, but not in accordance with the research.
This was not consistent with Jaruwon Thavakul (2012) research study. At Chulalongkorn
University Vocational College for 1st , 2nd and 3rd year students found that the students of
different year had the different levels of satisfaction in instruction.
4481dnalFebruary

6. Suggestions
The results of pehtgnurK ygoon
the research lon student o ytisrevinU
hceT fsatisfaction inacurriculum
lagnamajamanagement
R at Maejo
University-Chumporn University were suggested as a guideline for the curriculum and the
ygolonhcet eof
administrators vitaMaejo
erc a University
eb ot smia- Chumphon KTUMR to be applied for the development of the
ylgnidroccasa follows:
curriculum sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisA ni ytisrevinu
dna lennosre1. p rCurriculum
uo fo tnempcontent: oleved eThe ht nocourses desucoor f instructors should have theoretical
lanoitanin
teaching retconjunction
ni ot ngilawith tahtthesmpractical
ulucirruccontext cimedaofcathe area. The students will be able to
apply their knowledge in the correct way of slife
h c r a e se r e h t d e t o m o r p o s la e v a h e W . dradand nats can transfer the knowledge gained to
e v i ta e r c h t iw
others who are interested. s e c i v r e s c i m e d a c a e h t , t ne m p o le ved
dnaliahT fo n2.oInstructional isiv s’tnemnrActivities: evogeht recurriculums
dnU and instructors should design
,ytivitaerc ,activities
instructional ygolonhcethat t foallowesu ehstudents
t sezisahtopm e taht 0relevant
research .4 information about the subject
, t ne m p o le v e d la n o i ta n r e t s o f o t n o i ta v o
and presentation jointly criticize the results presented in class to make students more n n i d na
yltnerruc and
enthusiastic era knowledgeable
ew ,ytilibaniaand tsusunderstanding
dna ytirepsthe orpdiscipline content.
dna lanoitacu3.deInstructional evitaerc ehEvaluation: t poleved instructorsot deraperpof the subjects will need to clarify the
esu ehtofhthe
purpose tiw course
stneduto ts be piufairqe oint dscoring
na smeand tsysgrading.
gninrael
dna dehsilpm4)ocThe ca gfactors
nitavitlusupporting
cno ecnatrthe opmInstruction:
i decalp the university should improve the
. t n e m p o
environment within the campus, the library, thetnallocation
le v e d l a n o i ta n e h t r o f se ta u d ar g eiciforp of space for activities of students,
service improvement and the air conditioning in the library, sourcing Teaching aids
especially the equipment in the scientific laboratory and promotion of student relationship
management.
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foythe
5) Instructor: tisreuniversity
vinU alagnshould amajaRdevelopfo tnedisthe
erP potential of instructors of
teaching to help instructors have the ability to teach and convey, as well as support instructors
to continue activities to improve the learning of students.
6) Other services: the university should therefore have a policy to improve
the service system that can accommodate most students in financial services, education
services and student affairs, educational guidance and cooperative education.
Suggestion for further research
1. There should be a study on the factors affecting the satisfaction of Mae Jo
Uuniversity-Chumphon's teaching curriculum as a guideline to increase the level
of student satisfaction to the highest level.
2. There should be a study in specific areas to obtain more useful information to
develop the curriculum in accordance with the context of the area appropriately.

7. References
[1] Jaruwon Thavakul. (2012). The satisfaction
Rajamangala University with learning
of Technology of certificate students in
Krungthep
commercial first year second year and third year of Chacherngsao Vocational
College. (Master of Education,
 Degree
RMUTK in Business
aims toEducation, Srinakharinwirot
University). university in Asia. The university has accordingly
[2] Somchai Boonsun. (2011). Thefocused on the of
satisfaction development
students withofthe
our personnel
learning and and
teaching academic curriculums that align to international
standards.University
of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya We have also promoted
in Ayutthaya the (Master
province. researchof
Arts development, the academicic services with creative
(Educational Administration), Graduate School, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya
University). Under thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
4.0 that emphasizes
[3] Sorachai Pisanbut and group (2006). Creating and theprocessing
use of technology,
data fromcreativity,
and innovation
questionnaires. Wittayapat publisher: Bangkok. to foster national development,
[4] Ministry of Education. (2002). Basic education curriculum (2001). Kurusapa Lad
Phrao Publishe : Bangokok.
devel
SCHEDULE
International
Conference
ofofTechnology
on Arts
453
Thailand15


academic Program
Conference curriculums that align to international
The 8th International Conference on Arts and Cultures
World Heritage: Intangible Culture to Creative Economy
15th – 17th February 2018
Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Ayutthaya, Thailand
**********************************
th
Thursday 15 February 2018
10.00 a.m.– 12.00 a.m. Registration of Network Members
12.00 a.m.– 01.00 p.m. Lunch Break
01.00 p.m.– 02.30 p.m. Joint Events Conference for Network Members’
Representatives
02.30 p.m.– 05.00 p.m
Preparing Exhibitions on the Fairgrounds in
placed importance
Building oncultivating
24 Auditorium accomplished and
of Rajamangala
development.
University of Technology Suvarnabhumi.
Friday, 16th February 2018
07.30 a.m.– 08.30 a.m. Registration of Research Presenters and attendees at
Auditorium Building (Center Stage) of Rajamangala
- World History of Technology Krungthep
and Heritage
- Heritage of Cultural Wisdom
- Educational Themes and Innovation
- Religion, Virtue and Ethics
- Travel and Services
08.30 a.m.– 09.00 a.m. Coffee Break
09.00 a.m.– 10.30 a.m. Opening Ceremony
- Video Presentation on introducing the
“Thailand Universities’ Cultural Network “
- Opening Remarks by Asst. Professor Paisal
Burinwatthana, Chancellor of Rajamangala
University of Technology Suvarnabhumi
- Reporting the Conference Theme by
Asst. Prof. Acting Cpt. Dr.Thanu Thodthankun,
Dean of Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala
University of Technology Suvarnabhumi
- Welcome Speech by Mr. Meechai Reuchupan,
President of University Council, Rajamangala
- Signing of the Memorandum of Cultural
Network Cooperation by the Chancellors of
Network Universities
4541dnalFebruary
Thailand
PEHTGNURK YGOLONHC - EPresenting

T FO YTITokensSREVIof NU ALAGNAM
Appreciation toAthe
JAR
Chancellors of 16 Network Universities by
fo tnedisMr.Meechai
erP eht morfReuchupan,
egasseM President of University
pehtgnurK ygolonCouncil,hceT fo yRajamangala
tisrevinU alaUniversity
gnamajaRof Technology
Suvarnabhumi
ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia -KTransferring
TUMR host flag to the next year’s
ylgnidrocca sah ytisrevinu ehT .aisUniversity
A ni ytisrehostvinuby the Chancellor of Rajamangala
dna lennosrep ruo fo tnempoleved University eht no desof ucTechnology
of Suvarnabhumi
lanoitanretni ot ngila taht smulucirru- cGroup cimedPicture
aca Taking
hcraeser eht detomorp osla evah eW .sdradnaCeremony
- Opening ts Show
evitaerc10.30
htiwa.m.–
seciv11.00 medaca ehAcademic
res cia.m t ,tnempoLecture
leved entitled "Civil Society
.erutluc dna stra fo noitavreserp eApproach
ht dna ,stpto ecnCultural
oc Heritage to Creative
dnaliahT fo noisiv s’tnemnrevogehtEconomy" rednU by Mr. Thapana Sirivadhanabhakdi,
,ytivitaerc ,ygolonhcet fo esu eht seziPresident
sahpme taofhtThai
0.4 Beverage Public Company
,tnempoleved lanoitan retsof ot Limited noitavonni dna
yltnerru11.00
c eraa.m.–
ew 11.30
,ytiliba.m.
aniatsus Academic
dna ytireLecture
psorp entitled “The Combination
dna lanoitacude evitaerc eht polevof edTechnology
ot deraperin p the Art and Culture” by New
esu eht htiw stneduts piuqe ot dna sZealand metsys gacademics,
ninrael Mr.Gareth McGhie, Head of
evah eW .egdelwonk fo seigolonhcSchool, et evitavDigital
onni foMedia (Creative Technologies),
dna dehsilpmocca gnitavitlucno ecnWeltech atropmi decalp
.tn11.30
empoa.m.–
leved 12.00
lanoitaa.m.
n eht rofseAcademic
taudarg tnLecture
eiciforp entitled “World Heritage”
by Assoc.Prof. Vutthy Siv, Director of Build
Bright University, Cambodia
12.00 a.m. – 1.00 p.m. Lunch on the 2nd floor, Building 24
ianitiNtikuS(Chancellors-
.rD Network Universities’ executives
pehtgnurK ygolonhceT foytisrevinU alagnamajaR foBuilding
on the 9th Floor, tnediserP24)
01.00 p.m.– 05.00 p.m. - Research Presentations are in the assigned
rooms below:
- World History and Heritage (Room 240601)
- Heritage of Cultural Wisdom (Room 240602)
- Educational Themes and Innovation (Room
240603)
- Religion, Virtue and Ethics (Room 240610)
- Travel and Services (Room 240609)
- Exhibition Activities of the Network
Member Students in Building 24 Auditorium
06.00 p.m.– 09.00 p.m. - Royal Trophy Presentation Ceremony of
Thai Manners Contest in Building 24
Auditorium
- Welcome Party and Dinner at the
Auditorium in Building 24
- Cultural Shows for the Host and Network
Universities
*** Notes ***

Thai Manner Contest, HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Trophy begins
from 10:30 am onwards on the 8th Floor in Building 24
International
Conference
ofofTechnology
on Arts
455
Thailand15
RAJAMANGALA
Saturday UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP
17th February 2018
08.30 a.m.– 09.00 a.m. Registration for Cultural Excursions
Message
09.00 a.m.– 11.30 a.m. from the President
Scenic of
tour and sightseeing in Phra Nakhon
Rajamangala UniversitySiofAyutthaya
Province on a tram
- Wat Suvarndararam
 RMUTK
- Wat Nahaims to be a creative technology
Phramen
university- Wat
in Asia. The university has accordingly
Chaiwattanaram
focused on theMahathat
- Wat development of our personnel and
academic- Wat
curriculums
Ratburanathat align to international
standards.- Wat
We Phra
haveSrialso promoted the research
Sanphet
development,
- Phrathe academic
Mongkol ic services
Bophit Temple with creative
concepts, -and the Si
Krung preservation
Market of arts and culture.
11.30 a.m. – 01.00 p.m Under
Lunch thegovernment’s vision of Thailand
Break
4.0 thatDeparture
emphasizesTimethe use of technology, creativity,
devel

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International Conference on Arts and Cultures in Creative Economy 2018

“Thailand University Art and Culture Network”

First Edition February 15th – 17th, 2018

Cover and Book Desing

Presidents’ Messages ............................................................................................ 1

University Backgrounds ........................................................................................ 17

University Backgrounds ........................................................................................ 17

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

 RMUTKIt aimsis mytogreat

Assoc. Prof. Dr. PanumasKudngaongarm

PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 

Associate Professor Preang Kitratporn, PhD

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

 RMUTK aims to be a creative technology

(Assistant Professor WaigoonThongaram)

PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUM First

Dr. Narongdech Rattananonsathien

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

(Assistant Professor Dr.Banyat Chumnankit)

PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR On behalf of NakhonPathom

(Assistant Professor Somdej Ninlapan)

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

 RMUTK aims toI be am averycreative

Assoc. Prof. Dr.ChusakLimsaku

PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KKamphaengPhet

Assistant Professor Suwit Wongboonmak)

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMRSuratthani Rajabhat University as a

Assoc. Prof. Dr. ChusakEkpetch

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

(Asst. Prof. Dr. OrataiKrutuuaysho)

PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR Phranakhon  Si Ayutthaya was the

Mr. KasemeBumrungveth (Ph.D.)

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

Message from the President of

 RMUTK aims to be a creative technology

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

PEHTGNURK YGOLONHCET FO YTISREVINU ALAGNAMAJAR

fo tnediserP eht morf egasseM

ygolonhcet evitaerc a eb ot smia KTUMR 

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

Message from the President of

 RMUTK aims to be a creative technology

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

Message from the President of

 RMUTK aims to be a creative technology

 RMUTK aims to be a creative technology

On June 15, 2004, Rajabhat Institute Phranakhon underwent another major

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

Message from the President of

 RMUTK aims to be a creative technology

RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY KRUNGTHEP

Proceedings Art & Culture Thailand

Proceedings Art & Culture Thailand

Proceedings Art & Culture Thailand