MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 5 : ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

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CHAPTER 5 : ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

5.1 VARIABLES AND ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION

Variable 1. Quantity whose value has not been known

2. Use letters to represent variables.

3. Fixed value - the represented quantity is always

constant at any time .

4. Varied value - the represented quantity changes

over time.

Example : Represent the variable in each of the following situations by using an appropriate letter.

No Situation Represent by letter Value of variable

1. The profit of a grocery store is RMx per month. x represents profit of the x has varied value
grocery store per month. because the profit of the
grocery store depends on
the sales in every month.
2. The height of Ravi is y cm.

3. Total mass of fruits from a plantation every year

is j.

4. The distance between Nayli’s house and her

school is d km.

5. The height of a mountain is h m.

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MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 5 : ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

Deriving an algebraic expression from a situation

Algebraic Term Algebraic Expression

•a number or the product of a •consist of one algebraic term

number with one or more or
variables. •the combination of two or
•example = x , 4xy , 5 , -a more algebraic terms with
addition and/or subtraction

•example = x + 3 , 4xy - 9 ,
5 + 7a , -a +8

- Refer an example of situation in textbook page 107

No Situation Algebraic expression

1. Number k is added to a varible x. x+k

2. Twice the value of y is added to a variable x

3. Subtract the product of variables x and y from number 12

4. The height of Rahman is a cm whereas the height of Kee is

h cm. State the difference in height between Rahman and
Kee.

5. There are x rainy days in this week. Calculate the number

of sunny days in this week.

Determining the values of algebraic expressions

- The value of an algebraic expression can be determined by substituting the variables with the given values.

Example : Given that x = 4 and y = 2, find the value of 1. Given that x = 2 and y = 3, find the value of
8x – 5y + 7 - 4xy + (2x)

8x – 5y + 7 = 8(4) - 5(2) + 7
= 32 – 10 + 7
= 15

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MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 5 : ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

2. Given that h =4 and k = -2, find the value of 3. Given that a = 3, b = -1 , find the value of 8ab x 4ac
5hk -4k+ 4h -2abc
k

A scientific calculator can be used to determine the value of an expression. Please refer the tips in textbook page
109.

The terms and the coefficients in an expression

Example : 6m – xy + 2

6 m - x y + 2

number variable variable number

Algebraic term Algebraic term Algebraic term

- An algebraic term can be written as the product of variable(s) and its factors.

Example : Identify all the algebraic terms in each of the following algebraic expressions.

No Algebraic Expression Algebraic terms

1. 8x + 7y 8x and 7y

2. 4mn – m + 6
9

3. x2 – 7x + y – 0.5

Coefficient
- Other factors of the terms
Algebraic term Product Variable(s) Coefficient
2pq 2 x pq pq 2
2q x p p 2q
2p x q q 2p
5r2st 5r x rst rst
5r2 x st 5r2
5r2s x t t
-xy -1 x xy xy
5 5
y
x

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MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 5 : ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

Like terms and unlike terms

- Like terms are the term which have the same variable with the same power.
- Unlike terms are the terms which do not have the same variable with the same power.

Like terms Unlike terms

-2m and 3m 2v and 2w
7
5xy and –yz
pq and 6.9pq
3 9x2 and 8x

6ab and 7ba 3m2n and 1 mn2

4
5k2 and k2

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MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 5 : ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

5.2 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS INVOLVING BASIC ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS

Addition and/ or Subtraction of Algebraic Expression

Identify algebraic terms

Rearrange the algebraic terms

to gather the like terms

Add and subtract the

coefficients of like terms

When rearrange the like terms, the operation sign in

front of the term must transferred together with the
term.

-(a + b) = -a-b
-(a – b) = -a+b
-(-a+b) = +a-b
-(-a-b) = +a+b

Example: Simplify each of the following.

a) (8m – 6n) + (7m + 2n – 3) b) (12mn – 4p) + (6 + 7p) – (10mn + p – 2)

Gather the like terms
= 8m + 7m – 6n + 2n -3
= 15m – 4n – 3
Simlify the like terms

c) (4x + 3xy) – 12xy – x + 6 + 1- 10 x d) (0.8r + 6.7s) – 6st – 9s + 2st

2 3 5

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MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 5 : ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

Repeated Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions

a x a = a2 a x a x a = a3 a x a x a .....x a = an
Repeated multiplication of a by 2 Repeated multiplication of a by 3 Repeated multiplication of a by n
times. times. times.

Formulae for repeated multiplication

(a + b) x (a + b) = (a + b)2
(a + b) x (a + b) x (a + b) = (a + b)3
(a + b) x (a + b) x (a + b) x (a + b) = (a + b)4

In general,
(a + b) x (a + b) x (a + b) x ...... x (a + b) = (a + b)n

Example : Simplify each of the following.

a) p x p x p x p x p x p b) (2n – 5) x (2n – 5) x (2n – 5) x (2n – 5)

c) (xy + 7y) x (xy + 7y) x (xy + 7y) d) (8x + 3y) x (8x + 3y) x (8x + 3y)

Example : Write each of the following in the form of repeated multiplication.

a) (p-6q)2 b) (3a + 2b)4

c) (9p + q)5 d) (6a – 1)3

Multiplying and Dividing Algebraic Expression

Example : Find the product for each of the following

a) 2mn2 x 7m3n

Solution :

=2xmxnxnx7xmxmxmxn
=2x7x mxmxmxm x nxnxn

= 14 m4 n3

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MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 5 : ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

b) 15pq x - 2 pq3r
3
=

Example : Find the quotient for the following.

a) 18y6z3 ÷ 2y2z b) -21 abc5

= 18y6z3 28 ac4
2y2z Write in the form of fraction.

= 18 x y x y x y x y x y x y x z x z x z
2xyxyxz Simplify
4 2
= 9y y

Example : Simplify each of the following. ( please refer Mathematics’ text book page 116 example 13)

a) -8a2b5 x 6bc ÷12ab3c b) 10uv3 ÷ (-15u2 vw) x (-4u4w)

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