SIOSON, JEAZE CRIZALDY R.

2021105422
M2-ACTIVITY 2- IE104

Do a research on the history of the different material finishing(timeline and information). Take
note of the first written or recorded account on the use of each process.

Honing: Honing emerged in the 20th century with a primary focus on improving internal
combustion engine components. Historical records indicate that the earliest honing
tools consisted of wooden sticks paired with abrasive sheets.

Lapping: Lapping, an ancient technique dating back to the Stone Age, was employed by early
humans as a means of preparing tools for various tasks, including hunting and food preparation.
This method involved the rotation of sticks within sand-filled areas to refine and shape tools
through abrasion. Remarkably, an antique lapping machine is showcased in a museum in
Munich, Germany, serving as a testament to the enduring legacy of this practice.

Polishing: In 1907, a study detailing the electrolytic polishing process using acid was
published, highlighting its effectiveness in providing gold with a lustrous satin finish.
Three years later, in 1910, a German inventor secured a patent for a method aimed at
cleansing various metals, including gold, silver, and others. Silver, among these metals,
continues to be widely utilized today. Notably, the steel industry experienced a
significant surge in the late 1920s. During this period, the benefits of phosphoric and
sulfuric acids in the polishing process were recognized. Furthermore, in 1929, a French
engineer introduced the use of perchloric and phosphoric acids in the polishing of
copper wire anodes, a method that bears resemblance to contemporary polishing
techniques.

Burnishing: The burnishing procedure is thought to have been employed extensively in the clay
burnishing process. Its application to ceramics was aimed at enhancing both their hygiene and
structural integrity. This method, historically utilized by artisans, involved smoothing and
compacting the surface of clay objects through vigorous rubbing or polishing, resulting in a more
sanitary and durable final product.

Deburring: Deburring techniques are believed to have been employed as far back as
2100 BC, particularly in the crafting of iron weapons. Over the millennia, these methods
have evolved and adapted to meet the needs of different eras and materials.
Throughout history, deburring procedures have undergone significant advancements,
gradually transitioning into more sophisticated and effective methods suitable for the
demands of the modern age.
Surface Treating: As far back as 900 BC, the Egyptians were pioneers in the field of
surface treatment, employing innovative methods that left a lasting mark on history.
Evidence suggests that surface treatment techniques were applied to artifacts and
weaponry, with some relics still bearing the hallmarks of these ancient practices today.
Notably, Egyptian swords and knives are cited as influential models that helped shape
the development of the steel industry. Through their ingenuity and craftsmanship, the
Egyptians laid the foundation for advancements in metalworking techniques that would
reverberate throughout the ages.

Coating: Powder coating emerged over eight decades ago, marking its debut in the early
1940s. During this era, manufacturers employed a technique involving the application of
flame-sprayed organic polymer macromolecules onto metal substrates. Upon contact
with the flame, these components underwent a melting process, resulting in the
formation of a thermal coating. This innovative method revolutionized surface finishing,
paving the way for advancements in protective and decorative coatings across various
industries.

Plating : According to historical accounts, displacement plating traces its roots back to the Roman
era, where it was discovered and implemented in various applications. During this period, an
intriguing technique emerged involving the amalgamation of minute particles of mercury and gold,
which were then meticulously rubbed onto surfaces. This process, with its origins in ancient Rome,
marked a significant advancement in metallurgy, showcasing the innovative spirit and
resourcefulness of early civilizations.

II. Find and choose a common household product where the different joining processes
mentioned above is/are applied. Take a photo of you holding each product then write a short
description or explanation as to where or how the process is applied to that specific item. Also,
determine the materials from which the product is generally made

HONING: Ensuring a knife retains its sharpness involves a technique known as honing
LAPPING: Lapping can be utilized on a fork to refine its surface, ensuring smoothness
and removing any imperfections or rough spots. This process involves rubbing the fork's
surface against an abrasive material, such as sandpaper or a lapping compound, to
achieve a polished finish. Additionally, lapping can help to maintain the fork's
functionality by ensuring that its tines are properly aligned and free from any burrs or
irregularities. Overall, lapping can enhance both the appearance and performance of a
fork, making it a valuable tool for kitchen use.
POLISHING: A fork is employed for polishing and removing tarnish from kitchenware, ensuring it
retain their shiny and pristine appearance.
DEBURRING: Deburring is a process utilized in sink manufacturing to eliminate any sharp
edges or rough cuts present on the metal components, thereby enhancing safety and
aesthetics.

BURNISHING: To uphold the sleek and polished surface of a spoon, artisans employ
burnishing techniques, ensuring its enduring smoothness and lustrous appearance.

SURFACE TREATING: Windows undergo surface treatment to ensure they remain

resistant to scratches, providing them with an added layer of protection.
PLATING: Plating is employed on bathroom sinks to enhance their longevity and
appearance, achieved through the application of a coating of brass or nickel to the
faucet.
Look for at least 3 articles on advanced manufacturing technology (new trends) related to
FINISHING OPERATIONS. You may search from a newspaper, magazine, and /or professional
journal. For each article, summarize briefly what the technology is all about and comment on its
importance to manufacturing industry.

ARTICLE 1.
Electrolytic polishing or electrolytic CMP (E-CMP)

Electrolytic Chemical Mechanical Polishing (E-CMP) is a cutting-edge planarization

technique that synergistically merges electrolytic and chemical mechanical polishing
processes. This innovative method addresses various challenges inherent in traditional
polishing methods. One notable challenge arises when the metal electrode and copper
sheet make direct contact, potentially leading to undesirable outcomes. To mitigate this
issue, advancements in touch control techniques or enhancements in electrode design
and composition are imperative. These refinements are essential for optimizing the
efficiency and effectiveness of E-CMP, ensuring precise and reliable wafer surface
polishing.

ARTICLE 2.
Advanced Surface Treatment for Polyolefin foams

By employing safe and non-toxic materials, the surface of the foam undergoes chemical
modification, resulting in a significant augmentation of surface tension and ensuring
long-term stability. The Advanced Surface Treatment (AST) method presents several
advantages compared to conventional treatment approaches. Consequently, our
surface treatment facilitates the realization of the foam's optimal adhesive properties
and facilitates exceptional bonding with various water-based adhesives. Following AST
treatment, the foam becomes an excellent substrate for producing sophisticated
products that exhibit self-adhesive properties, thereby offering enhanced versatility and
utility.

ARTICLE 3.
A Review on Advanced Manufacturing Techniques and Their Applications

The evolution of manufacturing processes has become a focal point of interest for both
researchers and industries alike, ushering in advancements that enhance productivity
and enable high efficiency in production. Technological progress in this domain has
been achieved through diverse approaches aimed at amalgamating various
manufacturing techniques with the common goals of augmenting material removal
rates, enhancing surface integrity, minimizing tool wear, reducing production duration,
and broadening the scope of application areas.

This technological evolution has given rise to what is termed as 'Hybrid' processes, a
fusion of different manufacturing methodologies, recognized and adopted by
researchers, engineers, and industry experts. Hybrid processes represent a paradigm
shift, unlocking novel opportunities and applications for manufacturing components
that were previously economically unfeasible to produce using individual processes
alone.

The present review embarks on a journey by initially classifying current manufacturing

processes based on their inherent characteristics. Subsequently, the focal point of this
report is the comprehensive review of existing and widely employed manufacturing
processes, particularly those reported within the last decade. Through this endeavor, the
objective is to provide a panoramic overview of these diverse processes by synthesizing
insights gleaned from various research papers, thereby illuminating the landscape of
contemporary manufacturing techniques and their potential applications.
REFERENCE :

Patel, A. J., & Kilic, G. A. (2021, July 7). A review on advanced manufacturing techniques
and their applications. IntechOpen.
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/76653

Just a moment... (n.d.). Just a moment...

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9781437778595000053

Lambiase, F., Scipioni, S. I., Lee, C., Ko, D., & Liu, F. (2021). A State-of-the-Art Review on

Advanced Joining Processes for Metal-Composite and Metal-Polymer Hybrid

Structures. Materials. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/8/1890

Francis, S. (2021, June 21). Embracing the future of finishing. Gardner Business Media,

Inc. https://www.pfonline.com/articles/embracing-the-future-of-finishing

Francis, S. (2023, December 18). Finishing another year — looking back at the trends of

2023. Gardner Business Media, Inc.

https://www.pfonline.com/articles/finishing-another-year-looking-back-at-the-tre

nds-of-2023