Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Politeness Principle
Politeness Principle
net/publication/353581192
Politeness Principle
CITATIONS READS
0 5,534
1 author:
SEE PROFILE
All content following this page was uploaded by Mohammed Jasim Betti on 30 July 2021.
This act can be named A, and can be assessed with respect to what s
supposes to be its rate or advantage to s or h. Accordingly, X 'she will cut
these onions', can be put on a COST-BENEFIT BALANCE, as follows
(Betti, 2020a: 14; and Betti, Igaab & Al-Ghizzi, 2018: 266 ):
You must come and have dinner with us. (Betti, 2021l: 5)
The first part of the maxim avoids disagreement; the second part
intends to make other people feel good by showing solidarity (Watts,
2003: 65-68; and Betti, 2020b: 18). For example:
7. I heard you singing at the karaoke last night. It sounded like you were
enjoying yourself! (Betti, 2021m: 2; and Betti, and Igaab , 2019: 241).
8. Gideon, I know you're a genius – would you know how to solve this
math problem here?
4. The modesty maxim
9. Oh, I'm so stupid – I didn't make a note of our lecture! Did you?
B: Yes, but ma'am, I thought we resolved this already on your last visit.
The sympathy maxim states: "minimize antipathy between self and other;
maximize sympathy between the self and other" (Betti and Igaab, 2018:
31). This includes a small group of speech acts such as congratulation,
commiseration, and expressing condolences – all of which is in
accordance with Brown and Levinson's positive politeness strategy of
attending to the hearer's interests, wants, and needs (Igaab, 2010b: 152;
and Betti, and AlFartoosy, 2019: 101; and Betti, 2021n: 2). For example:
Leech also goes further to suggest that there are three scales of delicacy
along which each of the maxims of the PP must operate: cost/benefit,
optionality, and indirectness (Leech, 1983: 1359; and Betti, 2021b: 7).
Betti, Mohammed Jasim and Zainab Kadim Igaab (2019). Sound Shift
and Metathesis in Three Pre-School Nasiriya Iraqi Arabic Children: A
Case Study. International Journal of English Linguistics; 9, 1, 229-
240.
Betti, Mohammed Jasim and Hasan, Ahmed Abd (2020). The Iraqi EFL
Learners’ Ability to Use Speech Acts in MA and Ph.D. Theses
Defense. Education, Language and Sociology Research, 1, 2, 41-
65.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347943117_Theoretical
_and_Applied_Linguistics
Betti, Mohammed Jasim (2021o). Slips of the Tongue and Other Slips.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352837551_Slips_of_the_Tong
ue_and_Other_Slips
Igaab, Zainab Kadim and Israa Kareem (2018). Affixation in English and
Arabic: A Contrastive Study. English Language and Literature
Studies, 8, 1, 92-103.
Longman.