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8 Elementary Statistics, 13th edition
12. The intensities do not appear to have a normal distribution.

Tornado F-Scale Frequency
0 24
1 16
2 2
3 2
4 1
13.
Burger King Lunch
Service Times (sec) Frequency
70 – 109 11
110 – 149 23
150 – 189 7
190 – 229 6
230 – 269 3
230 – 269 6
14.
Burger King Dinner
30 – 69 1
70 – 109 6
110 – 149 26
150 – 189 7
190 – 229 3
230 – 269 6
270 – 309 1
15. The distribution does not appear to be a normal distribution.
Wendy’s Lunch
70 – 149 25
150 – 229 15
230 – 309 6
310 – 389 3
390 – 469 1
16. The distribution does appear to be a normal distribution.
Wendy’s Dinner
30 – 69 4
70 – 109 11
110 – 149 15
150 – 189 10
190 – 229 4
230 – 269 6
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs 9
17. Because there are disproportionately more 0s and 5s, it appears that the heights were reported instead of
measured. Consequently, it is likely that the results are not very accurate.
x Frequency
0 9
1 2
2 1
3 3
4 1
5 15
6 2
7 0
8 3
9 1
18. Because there are disproportionately more 0s and 5s, it appears that the weights were reported instead of
measured. Consequently, it is likely that the results are not very accurate.
x Frequency
0 26
1 1
2 1
3 2
4 2
5 12
6 1
7 0
8 4
9 1
19. The actresses appear to be younger than the actors.
Age When Oscar Was Won Relative Frequency Relative Frequency
(Actresses) (Actors)
20 – 29 33.3% 1.1%
30 – 39 39.1% 32.2%
40 – 49 16.1% 41.4%
50 – 59 3.4% 17.2%
60 – 69 5.7% 6.9%
70 – 79 1.1% 1.1%
80 – 89 1.1%
20. There do appear to be differences, but overall they are not very substantial differences.
Blood Platelet Count Males Females
0 – 99 0.7%
100 – 199 33.3% 17.0%
200 – 299 58.8% 62.6%
300 – 399 6.5% 19.0%
400 – 499 0% 0%
500 – 599 0% 1.4%
600 – 699 0.7%

21.21.
Age (years) of Best Actress When Oscar Was Won Cumulative Frequency
Less than 30 29
Less than 40 63
Less than 50 77
Less than 60 80
Less than 70 85
Less than 80 86
Less than 90 87
22.22.
Age (years) of Best Actor Cumulative Frequency
When Oscar Was Won
Less than 30 1
Less than 40 29
Less than 50 65
Less than 60 80
Less than 70 86
Less than 80 87
23. No. The highest relative frequency of 24.8% is not much higher than the others.
Adverse Reaction Relative Frequency
Headache 23.6%
Hypertension 8.7%
Upper Resp. Tract Infection 24.8%
Nasopharyngitis 21.1%
Diarrhea 21.9%
24. Yes, it appears that births occur on the days of the week with frequencies that are about the same.
Day Relative Frequency
Monday 13.0%
Tuesday 16.5%
Wednesday 18.0%
Thursday 14.3%
Friday 14.3%
Saturday 10.8%
Sunday 13.3%
25. Yes, the frequency distribution appears to be a normal distribution.
Systolic Blood
Pressure (mm Hg) Frequency
80 – 99 11
100 – 119 116
120 – 139 131
140 – 159 34
160 – 179 7
180 – 199 1


Diastolic Blood
Pressure (mm Hg) Frequency
40 – 54 27
55 – 69 107
70 – 84 133
85 – 99 31
100 – 114 2
Magnitude Frequency
1.00 – 1.49 19
1.50 – 1.99 97
2.00 – 2.49 187
2.50 – 2.99 147
3.00 – 3.49 100
3.50 – 3.99 38
4.00 – 4.49 8
4.50 – 4.99 4
28. No, the frequency distribution does not appear to be a normal distribution.
Depth (km) Frequency
0.0 – 9.9 539
10.0 – 19.9 49
20.0 – 29.9 10
30.0 – 39.9 1
40.0 – 49.9 1
29. An outlier can dramatically increase the number of classes.
Weight (lb) With Outlier Without Outlier
200 – 219 6 6
220 – 239 5 5
240 – 259 12 12
260 – 279 36 36
280 – 299 87 87
300 – 319 28 28
320 – 339 0
340 – 359 0
360 – 379 0
380 – 399 0
400 – 419 0
420 – 439 0
440 – 459 0
460 – 479 0
480 – 499 0
500 – 519 1

Section 2-2: Histograms

1. The histogram should be bell-shaped.
2. Not necessarily. Because the sample subjects themselves chose to be included, the voluntary response
sample might not be representative of the population.
3. With a data set that is so small, the true nature of the distribution cannot be seen with a histogram.
4. The outlier will result in a single bar that is far away from all of the other bars in the histogram, and the
height of that bar will correspond to a frequency of 1.
5. 40
6. Approximate values: Class width: 0.1 gram, lower limit of first class: 5.5 grams, upper limit of first class:
5.6 grams
7. The shape of the graph would not change. The vertical scale would be different, but the relative heights of
the bars would be the same.
8. 40 of the quarters are “pre-1964” made with 90% silver and 10% copper, and the other 40 quarters are
“post-1964” made with a copper-nickel alloy. The histogram depicts weights from two different
populations of quarters.
9. Because it is far from being bell-shaped, the histogram does not appear to depict data from a population
with a normal distribution.
10. The histogram appears to be skewed to the right (or positively skewed).

12. Because the histogram isn’t close enough to being bell-shaped, it does not appear to depict data from a
population with a normal distribution.
14. Because the histogram is not close enough to being bell-shaped, it does not appear to depict data from a
population with a normal distribution.
15. The digits 0 and 5 appear to occur more often than the other digits, so it appears that the heights were
reported and not actually measured. This suggests that the data might not be very useful.

16. The digits 0 and 5 appear to occur more often than the other digits, so it appears that the weights were
reported and not actually measured. This suggests that the data might not be very useful.
17. The ages of actresses are lower than the ages of actors.
18. Only part (c) appears to represent data from a normal distribution. Part (a) has a systematic pattern that is
not that of a straight line, part (b) has points that are not close to a straight-line pattern, and part (d) is really
bad because it shows a systematic pattern and points that are not close to a straight-line pattern.
Section 2-3: Graphs That Enlighten and Graphs That Deceive
1. The data set is too small for a graph to reveal important characteristics of the data. With such a small data
set, it would be better to simply list the data or place them in a table.
2. No. If the sample is a bad sample, such as one obtained from voluntary responses, there are no graphs or
other techniques that can be used to salvage the data.
3. No. Graphs should be constructed in a way that is fair and objective. The readers should be allowed to
make their own judgments, instead of being manipulated by misleading graphs.
4. Center, variation, distribution, outliers, change in the characteristics of data over time. The time-series
graph does the best job of giving us insight into the change in the characteristics of data over time.
5. The pulse rate of 36 beats per minute appears to be an outlier.
6. There do not appear to be any outliers.
7. The data are arranged in order from lowest to highest, as 36, 56, 56, and so on.
3|6
4|
5 | 668
6 | 044666
7 | 6888
8 | 02468
9|4
8. The two values closes to the middle are 72 mm Hg and 74 mm Hg.
6 | 0022468
7 | 0000246688
8 | 22468
9 | 00

9. There is a gradual upward trend that appears to be leveling off in recent years. An upward trend would be
helpful to women so that their earnings become equal to those of men.
10. The numbers of home runs rose from 1990 to 2000, but after 2000 there has been a gradual decline.
11. Misconduct includes fraud, duplication, and plagiarism, so it does appear to be a major factor.
12. The overwhelming response was that thank-you notes should be sent to everyone who is met during a job
interview. Given what is at stake, that seems like a wise strategy.

13. 14.
15. The distribution appears to be skewed to the left (or negatively skewed).
16. The distribution appears to be skewed to the right (or positively skewed).
17. Because the vertical scale starts with a frequency of 200 instead of 0, the difference between the “no” and
“yes” responses is greatly exaggerated. The graph makes it appear that about five times as many
respondents said “no,” when the ratio is actually a little less than 2.5 to 1.
18. The fare increased from $1 to $2.50, so it increased by a factor of 2.5. But when the larger bill is drawn so
that the width is 2.5 times that of the smaller bill and the height is 2.5 times that of the smaller bill, the
larger bill has an area that is 6.25 times that of the smaller bill (instead of being 2.5 times its size, as it
should be). The illustration greatly exaggerates the increase in the fare.
19. The two costs are one-dimensional in nature, but the baby bottles are three-dimensional objects. The $4500
cost isn’t even twice the $2600 cost, but the baby bottles make it appear that the larger cost is about five
times the smaller cost.
20. The graph is misleading because it depicts one-dimensional data with three-dimensional boxes. See the first
and last boxes in the graph. Workers with advanced degrees have annual incomes that are roughly 3 times
the incomes of those with no high school diplomas, but the graph exaggerates this difference by making it
appear that workers with advanced degrees have incomes that are roughly 27 times the amounts for
workers with no high school diploma.

21.21.
96 |
96 | 59
97 | 0001112333444
97 | 55666666788888999
98 | 555566666666666666677777788888889
96 | 001244
96 | 56
Section 2-4: Scatterplots, Correlation, and Regression
1. The term linear refers to a straight line, and r measures how well a scatterplot of the sample paired data fits
a straight-line pattern.
2. No. Finding the presence of a statistical correlation between two variables does not justify any conclusion
that one of the variables is a cause of the other.
3. A scatterplot is a graph of paired  x, y  quantitative data. It helps us by providing a visual image of the data
plotted as points, and such an image is helpful in enabling us to see patterns in the data and to recognize
that there may be a correlation between the two variables.
4. a. 1 c. 0
b. 0 d. –1
5. There does not appear to be a linear correlation between brain volume and IQ score.
6. There does appear to be a linear correlation between chest sizes and weights of bears.
7. There does appear to be a linear correlation between weight and highway fuel consumption.

8. There does not appear to be a linear correlation between heights of fathers and the heights of their first
sons.
9. With n  5 pairs of data, the critical values are 0.878. Because r  0.127 is between –0.878 and 0.878,
evidence is not sufficient to conclude that there is a linear correlation.
10. With n  7 pairs of data, the critical values are 0.754. Because r  0.980 is in the right tail region beyond
0.754, there are sufficient data to conclude that there is a linear correlation.
11. With n  7 pairs of data, the critical values are 0.754. Because r  0.987 is in the left tail region below
–0.754, there are sufficient data to conclude that there is a linear correlation.
12. With n  10 pairs of data, the critical values are 0.632. Because r  0.017 is between –0.632 and 0.632,
evidence is not sufficient to conclude that there is a linear correlation.
13. Because the P-value is not small (such as 0.05 or less), there is a high chance (83.9% chance) of getting the
sample results when there is no correlation, so evidence is not sufficient to conclude that there is a linear
correlation.
14. Because the P-value is small (such as 0.05 or less), there is a small chance of getting the sample results
when there is no correlation, so there is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation.
15. Because the P-value is small (such as 0.05 or less), there is a small chance of getting the sample results
when there is no correlation, so there is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a linear correlation.
16. Because the P-value is not small (such as 0.05 or less), there is a high chance (96.3% chance) of getting the
sample results when there is no correlation, so the evidence is not sufficient to conclude that there is a
linear correlation.
Quick Quiz
1. Class width: 3. It is not possible to identify the original data values.
2. Class boundaries: 17.5 and 20.5
Class limits: 18 and 20.
3. 40
4. 19 and 19
5. pareto chart
6. histogram
7. scatterplot
8. No, the term “normal distribution” has a different meaning than the term “normal” that is used in ordinary
speech. A normal distribution has a bell shape, but the randomly selected lottery digits will have a uniform
or flat shape.
9. variation
10. The bars of the histogram start relatively low, increase to some maximum, and then decrease. Also, the
histogram is symmetric, with the left half being roughly a mirror image of the right half.

Review Exercises
1.
Temperature (F) Frequency
97.0–97.4 2
97.5–97.9 4
98.0–98.4 7
98.5–98.9 5
99.0–99.4 2
2. Yes, the data appear to be from a population with a normal distribution because the bars start low and reach
a maximum, then decrease, and the left half of the histogram is approximately a mirror image of the right
half.
3. The distribution is closer to being a normal distribution than the others.
4. There are no outliers.
5. No. There is no pattern suggesting that there is a relationship.
6. a. time-series graph c. pareto chart

b. scatterplot
7. A pie chart wastes ink on components that are not data; pie charts lack an appropriate scale; pie charts don’t
show relative sizes of different components as well as some other graphs, such as a Pareto chart.

8. The Pareto chart does a better job. It draws attention to the most annoying words or phrases and shows the
relative sizes of the different categories.
Cumulative Review Exercises

1.
Total Hours Frequency
235–239 4
240–244 3
245–249 9
250–254 8
255–259 3
260–264 3
2. a. 235 hours and 239 hours
b. 234.5 hours and 239.5 hours
c. 237 hours
3. The distribution is closer to being a normal distribution than the others.
4. Start the vertical scale at a frequency of 2 instead of the frequency of 0.

5. Looking at the stemplot sideways, we can see that the distribution approximates a normal distribution.
6. a. continuous
b. quantitative
c. ratio
d. convenience sample
e. sample

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open courtyard, those who, perhaps, had been noting the structure
of my camp-bed, or the contents of my valise, hanging to air upon a
stout rope, flitted away like ghosts. I was left, as I wished, in peaceful
contemplation of my work and the splendour of the scenery around
me.
Catering arrangements were quite simple during my stay in this
monastery. Rice and eggs and fowls were procurable from the
villages beyond the walls of the temple, and rice-flour or vegetables
could be procured from the butterman of the monastery. It was my
plan to take breakfast about ten o’clock in the morning, and to dine
about six o’clock in the evening. Between these hours was my time
for writing, and I was always fully occupied. Before breakfast I
walked abroad or prepared my notes of the work for the day; after
dinner I received my callers, arranging anything of interest in my
notes when they were gone. Usually I witnessed the midnight
gathering of the monks, listening, with pleasure, to the booming of
the great bell of the monastery and the accompanying peals of
smaller bells of less melodious volume and much shriller tone. The
vibration in the air, as these wonderful noises broke upon it, filled the
high woods with melody and the deep valleys with haunted strains
as of spirit-music. After the midnight mass, when the echoes had
died away, the delight of the moment was supreme. In utter
weariness and most absolute contentment I stretched myself to
slumber beneath the protecting draperies of the mosquito-curtains,
within the vaulted spaciousness of my Hall of Entertainment.
A DAY OF FESTIVAL
Visitors to Chung-deung-sa were frequent during my stay, some

attracted by the reported presence of a foreigner, others by their very
genuine wish to sacrifice to the All-Blessed-One. Two Korean ladies
of position arrived in the course of one morning to plead for the
intercession of Buddha in their burden of domestic misery and
unhappiness. Presenting the Korean equivalent for ten shillings to
the funds of the monastery, they arranged with the Abbot for the
celebration of a nocturnal mass in the Temple of the Great Heroes.
During the afternoon the priests prepared the temple in which the
celebration was to be held; elaborate screens of Korean pictorial
design were carried into the temple from the cell of the Chief Abbot;
large quantities of the finest rice were boiled. High, conical piles of
sweetmeats and sacrificial cakes were placed in large copper dishes
before the main altar, where the three figures of Buddha sat in their
usual attitude of divine meditation. In front of each figure stood a
carved, gilded tablet, twelve inches high, exactly opposite to which
the food was placed, with bowls of burning incense at intervals
between the dishes. Lighted candles, in long sticks, were placed at
either end of the altar; above it, in the centre, serving as a lamp and
hanging from a long gilded chain, was suspended a bowl of white
jade, in which lay the smoking end of a lighted wick. Numerous side
altars were similarly decorated. The furniture of the temple
comprised a big drum, a heavy, cracked bell, cast in the thirteenth
century, and a pair of cymbals. There were five monks; the two
women sat, mute, upon the left of the Abbot. The four priests
arranged themselves upon the right—one to the bell, one to the
drum, and two to the pair of cymbals, in the playing of which they
took turns. Upon each side of the temple, recessed right and left of
the main altar, were mural representations of the Ten Judges. Save
for the altar illuminations, the effect of which was to render the
interior even gloomier and more eerie than usual, the building was in
darkness.
The service began with the customary calling for Buddha. The
Abbot tapped upon a bamboo cane; every one leant forward, their
faces pressed down, and their foreheads resting upon the floor. The
palms of their hands were extended beyond their heads in an
attitude of reverence and humility. This prostration was accompanied
by the intoning of a Thibetan chant, to the accompaniment of a brass
gong, struck with a horn handle by the Abbot himself. Further
prostrations followed upon the part of the entire assemblage, the
women joining in this part of the service. For the most part they
squatted silently and reverently in their corner of the temple. As the
different services concluded the Abbot shifted the offerings before
the main altar to their appointed stations before the smaller shrines,
when the prayers proceeded afresh. Protracted overtures were
made to the picture of the Ten Judges, before which the service
apparently became fully choral. One priest danced amazing and
grotesque steps, strangely reminiscent of a Kaffir war-dance, the
sole of one foot striking the floor to the accompaniment of a clash of
cymbals as the other leapt into the air. Another priest played upon
the cracked bell, and a third kept up a dull, monotonous thumping on
the drum. The sole idea of the priests, as conveyed to my mind by
their celebration, seemed to be the breaking up of the solemn
silence of the night by the most amazing medley of noises. At
intervals, in the course of the unmusical colloquy between the
drums, the cymbals, and the big bell, the monks chanted their dirges,
which were, in turn, punctuated by the dislocated tapping of the
Abbot’s brass bell and wooden knocker.
It was deafening, the most penetrating discord of which I have
ever been the unfortunate auditor. With the conclusion of the
exercises upon the cymbals, which were beaten together in a wide,
circular sweep of the arms, then tossed aloft, caught, and clanged
together after the fashion of the South African native with his spear
and shield, the performing priest returned to the companion who
relieved him. His more immediate activities over, he stood aside
laughing and talking with his colleagues in a voice which quite
drowned the chants in which his companions were engaged. Then,
panting with his late exertions, he proceeded to fan himself with the
most perfect unconcern, finally examining the hem of his jacket for
lice; his search repaying him, he returned to his seat upon the floor
and lifted up his voice with the others. After the sacrifices and
prayers had been offered before the main altar and those upon the
right and left, extra tables of fruit, apples, dates, nuts, cakes and
incense, together with the previous dishes of rice, cakes, incense
and bread, were spread before a small shrine placed in front of the
screen. Rice was piled into a bowl, and, while the other monks were
laughing and chattering among themselves in the temple itself during
the progress of the sacrifice, the two women approached the shrine
and made obeisance three times, then touching each dish with their
fingers, bowed again and retired to their corner. At the same time
three priests, breaking from the group that were talking by the doors
of the building, sat down in the centre of the temple upon their
praying-mats, seven or eight feet from the shrine. While one chanted
Korean prayers from a roll of paper, another struck and rang the
brass bell repeatedly, and the third hammered the gong. Throughout
this part of the service the others chatted volubly, until they, too,
joined in a chorus and pæan of thanksgiving, breaking off from that
to chant, in low, suppressed tones, a not unimpressive litany.
Repetitions of the services I have described continued all night.
Sometimes there was more noise, sometimes less, occasionally
there was none, the tired, quavering voices of the sleepy priests
tremulously chanting the requisite number of litanies. The women,
who sat with wide-opened eyes, watched with interest and were
satisfied. The priests seemed bored. Personally I was tired, dazed
and stunned by the uproar. During the progress of this strange
service, I was struck by the utter absence of that devotional fervour
which was so characteristic of the priests in the principal
monasteries of the Diamond Mountains.
The ceremony presently shifted from the Temple of the Great
Heroes to the spacious courtyard in front of it. Here, when numerous
fires had been lighted, the Abbot and three priests, together with the
two Korean women, moved in procession. Their march was
accompanied by the striking of many gongs and bells. The monks
offered prayers round heaps of pine branches, which had been
thrown together and lighted at the different spots. Chants and
prayers were repeated, and the same clashing of instruments went
on as before. It was not until a heavy rain descended that the
worshippers returned to the seclusion of the temple. I felt, somehow,
quite grateful to that shower of rain. In the morning, my interpreter
told me that this progress in the courtyard formed a part of services
which accompanied the offering of special prayers for rain. It would
be a curious coincidence if this were so. Next day, at the hour of my
breakfast, there was some desire to continue the celebration. My
head was still aching with the jarring discord of the bells, gongs, and
cymbals of the previous entertainment, and at the sight of the
preparations my appetite vanished. Breakfast became impossible; I
relinquished it to pray for peace. Happily this blessing was granted
me; and it was decided to hold no further service—the rain, I
presume, having appeared—and to devour the sacrifices. All that
day the monks and their two guests ate the offerings. It was
therefore a day of undisturbed quiet, and as my prayer also had
been granted, each was satisfied, and we were a happy family.
RUSSIAN POST ON THE KOREAN FRONTIER
My little holiday passed all too quickly. One day I found myself
preparing very sorrowfully to return to Seoul. This accomplished, the
news of my intended journey was quickly bruited abroad by my
servants. During these days curio-dealers crowded the compound of
the Station Hotel, where, made very comfortable by the kindly
forethought of Mr. and Mrs. Emberley, I was still living. There is little
enough to buy in Seoul: quaint, brass cooking-utensils; iron, inlaid
with silver; tobacco boxes, jade cups, fans, screens, and scrolls. My
purchases were few; the native furniture, massive presses, and
cabinets faced with copper plates, and small tea-tables, attracting
me more than anything else. The Emperor had already sent a
present of silk and fans to my hotel, and, with these few remaining
articles, my stock of Korean relics was completed. The dealers were
importunate, and crowded into the private apartments of the hotel
like bleating sheep into a pen. Remonstrances were in vain, and I
found the specific cure for their pestiferous attentions to be
administered best in the shape of a little vigorous kicking. They took
the cuffing with much good humour, and retired to the courtyard,
where, at intervals in the day, a plaintive voice would be heard
calling upon His Highness to inspect the treasures of his slave. His
Highness, however, had concluded his inspection.
The atmosphere in these hot days in Seoul was very bad; the air
was heavy with malodorous vapour; the days were muggy and the
nights damp. The steaming heat of the capital emphasised the
wisdom of an immediate departure, and I hastened my exodus,
touched up with a little ague and a troublesome throat. The endless
business of obtaining servants, guides, and horses was repeated,
until at last the day of my removal was arranged and the hour of
actual departure fixed. The prospect was alluring—a journey from
Seoul to Vladivostock, through a wild and desolate region, nearly
eight hundred miles in length, lay before me. Much of it was
unexplored. It was the chance of a lifetime, and, in thus embarking
upon it, I was very happy. My last farewells were said; my last calls
had been paid—the kindly hospitality of Seoul is not forgotten. The
day had come at last, the horses were pawing in the courtyard. My
effects, my guns, and camp-bed, my tent and stores, were packed
and roped. The horses had been loaded; the hotel account had been
settled, when my interpreter quietly told me that my servants had
struck for ten dollars Mexican—one sovereign—monthly increase in
the wages of each. Mr. Emberley stood out against the transaction; I
offered to compound with half; they were obdurate. It seemed to me
that a crisis was impending. I was too tired and too cross to
remonstrate. I raised my offer to eight dollars; it was refused—the
servants were dismissed. Uproar broke out in the courtyard, which
Mr. Emberley pacified by inducing the boys to accept my last offer—
a rise of eight dollars Mexican. My head-servant, the brother of my
interpreter, repudiated the arrangement, but the significance of this
increase had assumed great importance. It was necessary to be
firm. I think now that it was unwise to have entertained any change
at all in the standard of payment. Upon the question of the additional
two dollars I stood firm; nothing more would be given. The interpreter
approached me to intimate that if his brother did not go he also
would stay behind. I looked at him for a moment, at last
understanding the plot, and struck him. He ran into the courtyard and
yelled that he was dead—that he had been murdered. The grooms in
charge of the horses gathered round him with loud cries of
sympathy. Mr. Emberley called them to him and explained the
position of affairs. I strode into the compound. The head groom
came up to me, demanding an increase of thirty dollars, Korean
currency, upon the terms which he had already accepted; he wanted,
further, three-quarters of the contract price to be paid in advance;
one quarter was the original stipulation. I refused the thirty dollars,
and thrashed him with my whip.
The end of my journey for the moment had come, with a
vengeance. The head groom stormed and cursed and ran raving in
and out of the crowd. He then came for me with a huge boulder, and,
as I let out upon his temple, the riot began. My baggage was thrown
off the horses and stones flew through the air. I hit and slashed at my
assailants and for a few minutes became the centre of a very nasty
situation. Servants and grooms, my interpreter, and a few of the
spectators went at it keenly while the fight continued. In the end, Mr.
Emberley cleared his courtyard and recovered my kit; but I was cut a
little upon the head and my right hand showed a compound fracture
—native heads are bad things to hammer. Postponement was now
more than ever essential; my fears about my health were realised.
By nightfall upon the day of this outbreak signs of sickness had
developed; the pain had increased in my hand and arm; my head
was aching; my throat was inflamed. I was advised to leave at once
for Japan; upon the next day I sailed, proposing to go to Yokohama
and thence to Vladivostock, starting the expedition from the Russian
fortress. However, by the time my steamer arrived at Japan, I was in
the clutch of enteric fever. Further travel was out of the question, and
when they moved me from an hotel in Yokohama to a cabin upon a
Japanese steamer, which was to carry me to England, in my mind I
had bidden farewell to the countries of this world, for the doctor told
me that I was dying.
APPENDIX I
SCHEDULE OF TRAIN SERVICE
Leave Day Arrive

Port Arthur Tuesday Moscow
and 13 days, 2 hours, 42 minutes
Dalny
Thursday
Through trains from Moscow arrive at Dalny and Port Arthur on

Wednesdays and Saturdays.
The train comprises first- and second-class cars and dining-car.
The cost of the journey is almost prohibitive if compared with
ocean steamer charges.
The train service is very unreliable and subject to many
interruptions.
The steamers of the Chinese Eastern Railway Company are
scheduled to make the connection with Korea upon arrival of the
train. Time required, from twenty-four to forty-eight hours.
The estimate of the length of time occupied by the journey
between Korea and Japan upon the completion of the Seoul-Fusan
Railway is forty-four hours.
Chemulpo or Seoul to Fusan 10 hours

Fusan to Moji by sea 4 ”
Moji to Kobe 15 ”
Kobe to Tokio 15 ”
APPENDIX II
RETURN OF ALL SHIPPING ENTERED AT THE OPEN PORTS OF KOREA
DURING THE YEAR 1902.
Chemulpo Fusan Won-san

Sailing Steam Sailing Steam Sailing S
Flag
Number Number Number Number Number Number
of Tons of Tons of Tons of Tons of Tons of
Vessels Vessels Vessels Vessels Vessels Vessels
British — — 3 7198 — — 1 4800 — — —
Korean 167 4031 187 34,877 12 308 77 32,633 5 190 94
Chinese 73 406 — — — — — — — —
French — — — — 1 1744 — — — — —
German — — 1 1379 — — — — — — —
Italian — — — — — — 1 2791 — — —
Japanese 205 12,945 299 186,050 943 28,447 685 326,858 77 8238 189
Norwegian — — — — — — 1 25 — — 1
Russian — — 42 58,332 — — 21 12,555 4 294 41
United States 6 162 1 15 — — — — — — —
Total 451 17,544 533 287,851 956 30,499 786 379,662 86 8722 325
” 1901 571 18,839 465 220,053 765 30,147 686 312,029 65 6333 259
Average, five
years, 1898-
1902 596 19,968 415 206,996 726 27,086 569 287,725 63 6085 243
Chin-am-po Mok-po Kun-san[3]

Flag
British — — — — — — — — — — —
Korean 412 6897 200 26,898 9 154 92 20,694 35 666 101
Chinese 264 3113 — — 1 4 — — 1 8 —
French — — — — — — — — — — —
German — — — — — — — — — — —
Italian — — — — — — — — — — —
Japanese 126 5349 52 31,263 62 3672 281 144,422 33 818 66
Norwegian — — — — — — — — — — —
Russian — — — — — — — — — — —
United States 53 1408 31 465 — — — — — — —
Total 855 16,767 283 58,626 72 3830 373 165,116 69 1492 167
” 1901 870 18,424 203 35,826 75 4572 320 133,494 111 2731 141
Average, five
years, 1898-
1902 716 14,678 195 36,793 100 4655 278 121,014 — — —
Flag Ma-sam-po[3] Songchin[3] Total for Korea

British — — — — — — — — — — 4
Korean 1 31 2 847 — — 92 14,298 641 12,277 845
Chinese — — — — — — — — 339 3531 —
French — — — — — — — — 1 1744 —
German — — — — — — — — — — 1
Italian — — — — — — — — — — 1
Japanese 61 796 205 28,902 9 858 127 30,646 1516 61,123 1904
Norwegian — — — — — — — — — — 2
Russian — — — — — — 9 7583 4 294 113
United States — — — — — — — — 59 1570 32
Total 62 827 207 29,749 9 858 228 52,527 2560 80,539 2902
” 1901 72 1033 169 20,223 4 294 196 32,565 2533 82,373 2439
Average, five
years, 1898-
1902 — — — — — — — — 2331 75,352 2053
Note.—Japanese shipping (steamers of the Nippon Yusen Kaisha, Osaka Shosen Kaisha and the
Hori Company) easily occupies the first place. The Korean share in the trade is increasing, and Russian
steamers show a larger tonnage in Korean ports than before.
APPENDIX III
RETURN OF PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF EXPORT TO FOREIGN
COUNTRIES FROM THE OPEN PORTS OF KOREA DURING THE
YEARS 1901-1902.
1902 1901 Average,

Five
Articles
Years,
Quantity Value Quantity Value 1898-1902
£ £ £
Barley Lbs. 359,600 395 100,133 111 1165
Beans, all kinds ” 107,887,600 186,293 114,273,600 194,115 185,839
Bêche-de-mer ” 312,666 6517 447,466 6820 7199
Cattle and live-stock Head 6552 19,383 13,611 17,288 11,514[4]
Copper Lbs. 264,400 4041 300,533 6448 —[5]
Fish, dried, salt and ” 4,909,600 8418 7,645,066 14,814 11,782
manure
Ginseng, red ” 85,201 122,304 24,575 25,670 77,386[6]
” white ” 3333 213 16 121 109
Gold ore — — 5409 — 7205 —[5]
Hides Lbs. 3,981,600 70,815 3,500,400 66,396 53,652
Millet ” 213,333 309 439,866 437 1539
Nutgalls ” 67,866 875 99,866 1308 1866
Paper ” 173,066 3164 133,200 2575 3161
Rice ” 126,401,066 359,804 184,566,266 427,459 314,081
Seaweed ” 2,596,666 9354 3,027,600 9118 8744
Skins of all kinds Pieces 29,660 2239 21,077 1392 2039
Tallow Lbs. 421,466 3015 306,266 2185 1055
Whaleflesh and blubber — — 4737 — 22,858 11,410
Wheat Lbs. 11,751,333 18,022 2,787,866 3682 9523
Other exports — — 20,727 — 26,822 44,641
Total — — 846,034 — 836,824 746,705
APPENDIX IV
RETURN OF PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF IMPORTS TO FOREIGN
COUNTRIES DURING THE YEARS 1901-1902.
1902 1901 Average,

Articles Five Years,
Quantity Value Quantity Value 1898-1902
£ £ £
Cotton goods—
Shirtings, grey and white—
British Pieces 389,730 172,515 402,156 176,892 159,763
Japanese ” 18,926 3934 19,236 3933 2328
T-cloths ” 18,771 4169 29,798 6782 4400
Drills—
British and American ” 20,045 9274 34,970 16,250 9546
Japanese ” 2032 1036 919 188 298
Turkey-red cloths
British ” 6357 1873 6815 1928 1934
Japanese ” 9763 1539 10,274 1904 1726
Lawns and muslins ” 100,513 10,133 95,460 9750 12,915
Lenos ” 33,602 8797 38,897 10,296 9062
Sheetings—
British and American ” 134,282 57,342 189,554 80,177 60,164
Japanese ” 173,907 72,098 171,235 72,303 52,961
Cotton reps ” 21,094 9461 28,412 14,598 7707
Japanese piece-goods ” 658,462 65,407 909,811 88,069 75,405
Piece-goods, non- ” 39,356 3054 39,699 3517 8600
Japanese
Yarn—
British and Indian Lbs. 111,333 3923 120,933 4193 5641
Japanese ” 4,154,533 98,933 5,028,800 119,781 105,454
Chinese ” — 4 12
Other cottons — — 23,282 33,235 42,003
Total 546,772 643,808 559,919
Woollen goods 7846 16,618 8235
Miscellaneous piece-goods 1701 1645 1148
Metals 59,266 74,156 54,218
Sundries—
Arms, accoutrements, and 9556 38,606 17,979
ammunition
Bags and ropes for 31,408 28,464 25,011
packing
Clothing and haberdashery 21,918 17,916 14,260
Cotton—
Raw Lbs. 239,066 3806 447,866 7883 5244
Wadding ” 652,606 12,340 688,533 14,650 14,596
Dyes ” 259,333 8361 327,466 13,791 8814
Flour ” 1,937,066 7433 1,899,066 7860 6724
Grain and pulse ” 3,998,266 9337 3,110,133 6348 14,495
Grass-cloth 57,310 53,979 46,823
Machinery 14,608 12,546 8816
Matches Gross 576,629 18,110 562,338 17,747 15,991
Mining supplies 46,659 39,267 28,859
Kerosene oil—
American Gallons 3,461,980 77,988 2,463,631 62,833 55,691[7]
Japanese ” 760 17 19,260 530 1873
Paper Lbs. 878,666 7654 901,733 8033 6475
Provisions 19,154 — 19,359 15,695
Railway plant and material 46,112 — 27,963 33,816
Rice Lbs. 11,447,466 40,675 10,963,200 40,924 24,348[8]
Saké and samshu 15,924 — 14,228 13,247
Salt Lbs. 17,491,733 7998 28,845,200 13,879 13,031
Silk piece-goods 86,444 — 125,381 81,911
Sugar Lbs. 2,501,600 15,039 1,992,933 12,588 10,984
Tobacco, cigars, and 20,273 — 17,425 14,576
cigarettes
Other sundries 188,642 — 161,838 135,910
Total 766,766 — 764,038 615,169
Grand total 1,382,351 — 1,500,265 1,238,689
APPENDIX V
COAST TRADE BETWEEN TREATY PORTS IN
NATIVE PRODUCE (NET)
1902 1901
Port
Imports Exports Imports Exports
Yen Yen Yen Yen
Chemulpo 2,517,819 91,443 1,991,757 98,364
Fusan 443,235 587,513 455,256 445,963
Won-san 514,936 573,025 306,909 626,965
Chin-am-po 83,805 803,828 34,662 708,561
Mok-po 105,577 817,359 104,926 456,632
Kun-san 73,691 527,187 57,122 472,850
Ma-sam-po 10,896 191,547 15,173 110,968
Syöng-chin 94,997 84,892 78,439 74,829
Total 3,844,956 3,676,794 3,044,244 2,995,132
” coast trade[9] 7,521,750 6,039,376
APPENDIX VI
CUSTOMS REVENUE
Amount
Year Exchange
Currency Sterling
Yen £ s. d.
1902 1,204,776 122,783 2 0½
1901 1,325,414 135,303 2 0½
1900 1,097,095 109,710 2 0
1899 902,955 90,296 2 0
1898 1,000,451 101,087 2 0¼
Average, five years — 111,836 —
APPENDIX VII
GOLD EXPORT TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Amount
Year
Currency Sterling Exchange
Yen £ s. d.
1902 5,064,106 516,961 2 0½
1901 4,993,351 509,738 2 0½
1900 3,633,050 363,305 2 0
1899 2,933,382 293,338 2 0
1898 2,375,725 240,047 2 0¼
Value
From
1902 1901 1900
Yen Yen Yen
Chemulpo 2,538,101 2,556,095 1,927,665
Fusan 104,915 122,968 121,809
Won-san 1,361,580 1,668,245 1,425,576
Chin-am-po 1,053,800 646,043 158,000
Mok-po 5,710 — —
5,064,106 4,993,351 3,633,050
Value
To
1902 1901 1900
Yen Yen Yen
China 59,805 136,150 567,670
Japan 5,004,300 4,857,201 3,065,380
Total 5,064,106 4,993,351 3,633,050
Exchange sterling, 2s. 0½d.—2s. 0d.½.—2s. 0d.

APPENDIX VIII
TABLE OF MINERALS
Gold.
Ham-kyöng.
Pyöng-an.
Hwang-hai.
Kyöng-keui.
Kang-won.
Chyung-chyöng.
Chyöl-la.
Kyöng-syang.
Silver.
Ham-kyöng.
Silver and Lead.
Ham-kyöng.
Kang-won.
Kyöng keui.
Chyung-chyöng.
Kyöng-syang.
Chyöl-la.
Pyöng-an.
Tin.
Chyöl-la.
Iron Ores, Magnetite and Limonite.
Ham-kyöng.
Hwang-hai.
Kyöng-keui.
Chyung-chyöng.
Chyöl-la.
Kyöng-syang.
Mercury.
Kyöng-syang.
Ham-kyöng.
Mangan.
Kyöng-syang.
Coal.
Pyöng-an.
Kyöng-syang.
Ham-kyöng.
Kyöng-keui.
Kang-won.
The preceding minerals are yielded by the different provinces.

INDEX
A Tai-cho, 175
Agriculture Department, expenditure of, 98, 100
Allen, Dr., 155
America:
Interests in Korea, 154-156
Trade with Korea, 139, 144, 146, 147
Am-nok River, see Yalu
An-ak, 164
An-man-chai Pass, 233
An-tung, 29, 193, 206 n
An-yang, 158
A-o-ya Pass, 164
Banks:
Dai Ichi Ginko, 28, 103-105
Russo-Chinese, 28, 194
Bauer, Herr, 218, 220
Belgian interests in Korea, 166-167
Bojisco, 202
Bourdaret, M., 162
Boxer disturbances, 138, 146
Broughton, Captain W. R., 5, 171

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12. The intensities do not appear to have a normal distribution.

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26. Yes, the frequency distribution appears to be a normal distribution.

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Section 2-2: Histograms

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6. There do not appear to be any outliers.

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3. The distribution is closer to being a normal distribution than the others.

4. There are no outliers.

5. No. There is no pattern suggesting that there is a relationship.

6. a. time-series graph c. pareto chart

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Cumulative Review Exercises

4. Start the vertical scale at a frequency of 2 instead of the frequency of 0.

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Visitors to Chung-deung-sa were frequent during my stay, some

Leave Day Arrive

Through trains from Moscow arrive at Dalny and Port Arthur on

Chemulpo or Seoul to Fusan 10 hours

Chemulpo Fusan Won-san

Chin-am-po Mok-po Kun-san[3]

Flag Ma-sam-po[3] Songchin[3] Total for Korea

1902 1901 Average,

1902 1901 Average,

Exchange sterling, 2s. 0½d.—2s. 0d.½.—2s. 0d.

Silver and Lead.

Iron Ores, Magnetite and Limonite.

The preceding minerals are yielded by the different provinces.

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