Topic Test

Pearson Edexcel GCE Mathematics (9FM0)

Paper 01 & 02 - Core Pure
2nd Order Differential Equations –
Mark Scheme

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9FM0 Core Pure: 2nd Order Differential Equations – Mark scheme

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1 m 2 + 5m + 6 = 0 m = −2, − 3 M1
C.F. ( x =) Ae−2t + Be−3t A1
P.I. x = P cos t + Q sin t
B1
𝑥̇ = −𝑃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑄 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡
𝑥̈ = −𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 − 𝑄 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 M1

(− P cos t − Q sin t ) + 5(− P sin t + Q cos t ) + 6( P cos t + Q sin t ) = 2 cos t − sin t M1

− P + 5Q + 6 P = 2 and − Q − 5P + 6Q = −1 , and solve for P and Q M1
3 1
P= and Q = A1 A1
10 10
3 1
x = Ae −2t + Be −3t + cos t + sin t B1 ft
10 10
(Total 9 marks)

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9FM0 Core Pure: 2nd Order Differential Equations – Mark scheme

Question
Scheme Notes Marks
Number
2(a) d2 y dy
2
− 2 − 3 y = 2sin x
dx dx

AE: m2 − 2m − 3 = 0

m2 − 2m − 3 = 0  m = ... ( −1,3) Forms Auxiliary Equation and

M1
attempts to solve (usual rules)

( y = ) Ae3 x + Be− x cao A1

PI: ( y = ) p sin x + q cos x Correct form for PI B1

( y = ) p cos x − q sin x
( y = ) − p sin x − q cos x
− p sin x − q cos x − 2 ( p cos x − q sin x ) − 3 p sin x − 3q cos x = 2sin x
M1
Differentiates twice and substitutes
2q − 4 p = 2, 4q + 2 p = 0 Correct equations A1

2 1 A1A1 both correct

p=− , q= A1A1
5 5 A1A0 one correct
1 2
y = cos x − sin x
5 5
1 2 Follow through their p and q and their
y = Ae3 x + Be− x + cos x − sin x B1ft
5 5 CF
(8)
(b) 1 2
y = 3 Ae3 x − Be− x − sin x − cos x Differentiates their GS M1
5 5
M1: Uses the given conditions to give
1 2
0 = A + B + , 1 = 3A − B − two equations in A and B M1A1
5 5 A1: Correct equations
3 1
A= , B=− Solves for A and B Both correct A1
10 2
3 3x 1 − x 1 2 Sub their values of A and B in their
y = e − e + cos x − sin x A1ft
10 2 5 5 GS
(5)
(Total 13 marks)

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9FM0 Core Pure: 2nd Order Differential Equations – Mark scheme

Question
Scheme Marks
Number

3
(a)

(Total 13 marks)

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9FM0 Core Pure: 2nd Order Differential Equations – Mark scheme

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
4(a) y =  t 2 e 3t
dy
= 2te3t + 3t 2e3t M1A1
dt
d2 y
2
= 2 e3t + 6te3t + 6te3t + 9t 2e3t A1
dt
2e3t + 6te3t + 6te3t + 9t 2e3t − 12te3t − 18t 2e3t + 9t 2e3t = 6e3t M1dep
 =3 A1cso
(5)
(b) m − 6m + 9 = 0
2

( m − 3) =0
2

C.F. ( y = ) ( A + Bt ) e3t M1A1

G.S. y = ( A + Bt ) e3t + 3t 2e3t A1ft
(3)
(c) t =0 y =5  A=5 B1
dy
= Be3t + 3 ( A + Bt ) e3t + 6te3t + 9t 2e3t M1
dt
dy
=4 4 = B + 15 M1dep
dt
B = −11 A1
Solution: y = ( 5 − 11t ) e3t + 3t 2e3t A1ft
(5)

(Total 13 marks)

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9FM0 Core Pure: 2nd Order Differential Equations – Mark scheme

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
5 d2 y dy
2
+ 3 + 2 y = 3x 2 + 2 x + 1
dx dx
(a) Correct roots (may be implied by
m2 + 3m + 2 = 0  m = −1, −2 B1
their CF)
M1: CF of the correct form
y = Ae−2 x + Be− x M1A1
A1: Correct CF
y = ax + bx + c
2
Correct form for PI B1
2
= 2ax + b, 2 = 2a  2a + 3 ( 2ax + b ) + 2 ( ax 2 + bx + c ) = 3x 2 + 2 x + 1
dy d y
M1
dx dx
M1: Differentiates twice and substitutes into the lhs of the given differential
equation and puts equal to 3x 2 + 2 x + 1 or substitutes into the lhs of the given
differential equation and compares coefficients with 3x 2 + 2 x + 1 .
For the substitution, at least one of y, y or y must be correctly placed.
3
a= A1
2
7 17 M1: Solves to obtain one of b or c
6a + 2b = 2  b = −  c = M1A1
2 4 A1: Correct b and c
3 7 17 Correct ft (their CF + their PI) but
y = Ae−2 x + Be− x + x 2 − x + B1ft
2 2 4 must be y = …
(9)
(b) 17 Substitutes x = 0 and y = 0 into their
0 = A+ B + M1
4 GS
dy 7 7
= −2 Ae−2 x − Be− x + 3x −  0 = −2 A − B −
dx 2 2 M1
Attempts to differentiate and substitutes x = 0 and y’ = 0
17 7 Solves simultaneously to
0 = A + B + , 0 = −2 A − B −  A = .., B = .. M1
4 2 obtain values for A and B
3
A = , B = −5 Correct values A1
4
3 3 7 17 Correct ft (their CF + their PI)
y = e−2 x − 5e− x + x 2 − x + B1ft
4 2 2 4 but must be y = …
(5)
(Total 14 marks)

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9FM0 Core Pure: 2nd Order Differential Equations – Mark scheme

Question
Scheme Marks
Number

6(a)

(Total 14 marks)

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9FM0 Core Pure: 2nd Order Differential Equations – Mark scheme

Question
Scheme Notes Marks
Number
7 d2 x dx dx
2
+5 + 6 x = 2e − t , x = 0, = 2 at t = 0.
dt dt dt
(a) AE , m 2 + 5m + 6 = 0  (m + 3)( m + 2) = 0
 m = − 3, − 2.
Ae m1 t + Bem2 t , where
−3t −2 t M1
So, xCF = Ae + Be m1  m2 .
Ae−3t + Be−2t A1
 −t dx d x  2

 x = ke  = − k e−t  2 = k e−t 
 dt dt 
−t

−t −t −t −t −t −t
Substitutes k e into the
 k e + 5(− k e ) + 6 k e = 2e  2k e = 2e differential equation M1
 k =1 given in the question.
Finds k = 1 A1
 So, xPI = e − t 
−3t −2 t
So, x = Ae + Be + e
−t
their xCF + their xPI M1*
dx
dx
= = − 3 Ae−3t − 2 Be−2t − e−t
Finds dt by
dM1*
dt differentiating
their xCF and their xPI
Applies t = 0, x = 0 to
t = 0, x = 0  0 = A+ B +1 x
dx dx
dx t = 0, =2 ddM1*
t = 0, =2  2 = − 3 A − 2B − 1 and dt to dt
dt
to form simultaneous
equations.
 2 A + 2B = − 2
 
 −3 A − 2 B = 3 
 A = − 1, B = 0
−3t −t
So, x = − e + e x = − e−3t + e− t A1 cao
(8)

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9FM0 Core Pure: 2nd Order Differential Equations – Mark scheme

Question
Scheme Notes Marks
Number
(b) Differentiates their x to
dx
dx
= 3e− 3t − e− t = 0 give dt M1
dt
dx
and puts dt equal to 0.

A credible attempt to
dM1*
3 − e 2t = 0 solve.
t = 12 ln 3
 t = 12 ln 3 or t = ln 3 or A1
awrt 0.55

−3 −1
− 32 ln 3 − 12 ln 3
x = −e +e = −e +e
ln 3 2 ln 32

So, Substitutes their t back

− 32 − 12
into x and an attempt to
x = −3 +3 eliminate out the ln’s. ddM1

1 1 2 2 3 uses exact values to

=− + = =
3 3 3 3 3 9 2 3 A1 AG
give 9

d2 x d2 x
= − 9e − 3t + e − t
dt 2 Finds dt
2

and substitutes their t

2
d x − 32 ln 3 − 12 ln 3 d2 x dM1*
t = ln 3, dt 2 = − 9e
1 +e 2
At 2
into dt

− 32 − 12 9 1 3 1
= − 9(3) +3 =− + = − +
3 3 3 3 3

d2 x 9 1  2  9 1
2
= − + = −  0 − + 0
dt 3 3 3  3 3 3 3
and A1
As
then x is maximum. maximum conclusion.

(7)
(Total 15 marks)

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9FM0 Core Pure: 2nd Order Differential Equations – Mark scheme

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
8
(a) m2 + 6m + 9 = 0 m = −3 M1
C.F. x = ( A + Bt ) e −3t
A1
P.I. x = P cos3t + Q sin 3t B1
𝒙̇ = −𝟑𝑷 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑 𝒕 + 𝟑𝑸 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑 𝒕
M1
𝒙̈ = −𝟗𝑷 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑 𝒕 − 𝟗𝑸 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑 𝒕

( −9P cos 3t − 9Q sin 3t ) + 6 ( −3P sin 3t + 3Q cos 3t ) + 9 ( P cos 3t + Q sin 3t ) = cos 3t M1

−9 P + 18Q + 9 P = 1 and −9Q − 18P + 9Q = 0 M1
1
P = 0 and Q = A1
18
1
x = ( A + Bt )e−3t + sin 3t A1ft
18
(8)

1
(b) t = 0: x= A= B1
2
3
x = −3( A + Bt )e −3t + Be −3t + cos 3t M1
18
1 4
t = 0: x = −3 A + B + =0 B= M1 A1
6 3
 1 4t  1
x =  + e −3t + sin 3t A1
2 3  18
(5)

59
(c) t ( 30.9) B1
6
1
x− B1ft
18
(2)
(Total 15 marks)

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