Expt No: 5 Date:

VAPOR – LIQUID EQUILIBRIA

AIM

To construct the equilibrium and boiling point diagrams for the given binary system.

APPARATUS

VLE Setup, Specific gravity bottles, Refractometers and Beakers.

SYSTEM

Toluene – CCl4

CHEMICALS

Toluene – CCl4

INTRODUCTION

Distillation is a technique used for separation of components of liquid mixture in a

closed system. The vapor liberated from a liquid mixture will be in equilibrium and the
composition depends on the concentration of liquid phase. The relation between x,
concentration of one component in liquid phase and y, the concentrations of that component in
vapor phase at equilibrium, is the vapor – liquid equilibrium curve which is determined at the
boiling point corresponding to partial pressure.

A diagram representing the boiling temperature of a mixture of liquids, completely

miscible with each other against the composition of vapor and liquid equilibrium is called t –
xy diagram. The boiling points are plotted as ordinate and the mole fraction of more volatile
component in vapor and liquid as abscissa. The diagram consists of two curves, the ends of
which coincide. One curve, representing the vapor and the other liquid composition. Any point
below the lower curve represents entirely liquid phase points. Between the two curves,
represent partially vapor and partially liquid state of mixture.

PROCEDURE

Prepare a standard plot of specific gravity / refractive index Vs. Mole Fraction of more
volatile component by preparing different composition of components A and B and charge the
 contents in to the VLE still. Switch on the electrical energy input. As the boiling proceeds, the
vapors collect in the vapor receiver and the samples of vapor and liquid and note the
composition by using standard plot and record the T-x-y Values. Repeat the experiment at
different compositions by withdrawing a known quantity from the still and add the same
amount of pure liquid to the still. After attaining the equilibrium note down the T – x y values
as above.

TABLE – 1

Standard Graph

S.No g. moles of A g. moles of B Mole Fraction of A Rl / Sp.gr.

TABLE – 2

S.No Sp.gr / RI Mole fr. Of Mole fr. Of A Temp.

. Feed A in liquid: in vapor
Mole fr. Mole fr. Sp.gr / Liq. Vap.
Of A Of B RI

RESULT

Construct the Equilibrium and boiling point diagrams for the given binary system.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: