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Discover the latest thinking of today's economists on important microeconomic
phenomena while developing with a solid global understanding of microeconomic
principles with MICROECONOMICS, 9E. The latest edition of this popular book
clearly illustrates the connections between key microeconomic principles and
today's actual business practices using a reader-friendly approach, memorable
examples, and unique global emphasis. Timely revisions and the latest
microeconomic statistics ensure readers are learning about the latest
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Readers also gain an in-depth understanding of globalization and its impact on
microeconomics today. A full range of accompanying learning technology ensures
readers gain an understanding of the microeconomics concepts most important for
career and business success.
Dr. William Boyes is professor of economics at Arizona State University. He
received his Ph.D. in economics from the Claremont Graduate School in 1974.
Before joining the Arizona State faculty, he was the Distinguished Visiting
Professor of Business at Weber State University; visiting professor at Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China and the University of London, London, England, and
lectured at ITAM in Mexico City; and was the dean of the College of Business at
Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. Dr. Boyes has also served as chairman of the
Economics Department at ASU and has been an economist with Security Pacific
National Bank (now Bank of America). He has been a consultant to the White
House, the Commerce Department, the Federal Trade Commission, and several
private firms. He is the director of the office of economic education at ASU and a
member of the Pacific Research Institute's Academic Advisory Board. Dr. Boyes
has received many teaching awards, including the Golden Key National Honor
Society Outstanding Professor Award at ASU in 1988, the Outstanding Teacher in
the MBA Program Award at ASU in 1994, the Outstanding Teacher in the College
of Business Award at ASU in 1995, Huizingh Outstanding Honors Professor in
2007, and Outstanding MBA Professor in 2008.

Michael Melvin is currently Head of Currency Research at Barclays Global

Investors. He also retains affiliations at the Arizona State University Department of
Economics and the Haas School of Business at the University of California,
Berkeley. Dr. Melvin received his Ph.D. in economics from UCLA in 1980. He has
served as a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Board and the International
Monetary Fund, was a Fulbright Professor at the University of Frankfurt, and has
been a visiting professor at UCLA, Northwestern University, U.C. San Diego, and
the University of Hawaii. His field of specialization is International Finance, and
he is the coeditor of the Journal of International Money and Finance.
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[Contents]
Legend of Aiai.
Kuula was the father and Hina
was the mother of Aiai. They
lived in Niolopa, 1 Nuuanu. Kuula
and his wife were great fisher
folks, and they had in their
possession a pearl fish-hook of
great value 2 called Kahuoi. This
pearl fish-hook was in the
keeping of a bird called
Kamanuwai and it was kept at
Kaumakapili. 3 This pearl fish-
hook was so enticing that every
time Kuula went out for aku,
outside of Mamala, 4 upon seeing
the hook they would jump into
the canoes of their own accord.
This fish was the food which this
bird lived on. [556]
While Kuula was out for aku one
day, outside of Mamala,
Kipapalaulu the king of Honolulu,
also went out fishing; and when
Kaao no Aiai.
O Kuula ka makuakane o Hina
ka makuahine, o Aiai ke keiki, o
Niolopa i Nuuanu ka aina. He
mau lawaia o Kuula me kana
wahine o Hina, na laua ka pa ai,
o Kahuoi ka inoa. O ka manu, o
Kamanuwai, ke kiai o ua pa nei
o Kahuoi; o kahi e waiho ai o ua
pa nei o Kaumakapili; he pa ai o
Kahuoi. Ke holo o Kuula i ka hi
aku i waho o Mamala, na ke aku
no e pii a e komo na waa, a o ka
ai no hoi ia a ua manu nei o ka
ia. [557]
I kekahi holo ana a Kuula i ka hi
aku, i waho o Mamala, holo aku
o Kipapalaulu, ke ’lii o Honolulu i
ka lawaia, ike oia i ka pii o ke
he came near the place where
Kuula 5 was fishing, he saw the
aku jumping into the canoes of
Kuula of their own accord. Upon
seeing this he made up his mind
to steal this fish-hook, Kahuoi,
which in due time was carried
out. This act not only deprived
Kuula of his favorite hook, but
the bird also hungered from loss
of its food. Through this seizure
of the pearl hook by Kipapalaulu
the bird went without any food, it
would fly on its roosting place
and go to sleep. It was because
the bird, Kamanuwai, closed its
eyes from hunger was the
reason why the place where it
lived was called Kaumakapili, 6
and the place is so called to this
day.
Some time after this Hina
conceived and in due time gave
birth to a male child, who was
called Aiai. At the birth of the
child the parents threw it into the
stream just below Kaumakapili.
The water carried the child to a
rock called Nahakaipuami, just
below the Haaliliamanu bridge,
where it is seen to this day (of
writing), where it floated.
aku i na waa o Kuula, lawe aihue
oia i ka pa, ia Kahuoi, lilo iaia,
nele o Kuula i ka pa, a pololi no
hoi ka manu i ka ai ole. Ma keia
lilo ana o ka pa, ia Kipapalaulu,
nele iho la ka manu i ka ia ole e
ai ai. Nolaila, kapaia o
Kaumakapili i ka pili o na maka o
ka manu o Kamanuwai, a hiki i
keia la. Nolaila, kela inoa o
Kaumakapili.
Hapai o Hina, a hanau he keiki
kane o Aiai, kiola iho la laua i
loko o ka muliwai e waiho la ma
lalo o Kaumakapili, lawe ae la ka
wai a hiki i ka uapo a
Hooliliamanu makai iho. Aia ilaila
he pohaku o Nahakaipuami kona
inoa, e waiho nei a hiki i keia la,
maluna o ia pohaku o Aiai i lana
ai. Ma Kapuukolo na hale o
Kipapalaulu e ku ana, me kana
Kipapalaulu was at this time
living at Kapuukolo, 7 where his
palace was situated, with his
daughter, Kauaelemimo by
name. One day at noon she
went in bathing with her maids
and discovered Aiai by a large
rock. Kauaelemimo took the
child as her own and brought it
up.
When Aiai grew into manhood
he was very handsome; so
Kauaelemimo took him to be her
husband. After a while she
conceived a child and she began
to have a longing for some fish;
so Aiai went out rod fishing along
the coast and after catching a
few took the fish home and gave
them to his wife. After the lapse
of some twenty or thirty days,
Kauaelemimo had a longing for
aku; so she told Aiai to go out
aku fishing. Aiai upon hearing his
wife’s request asked her to go to
her father, Kipapalaulu and ask
him for a pearl fish-hook. The
wife consented to this and went
to her father. Upon coming in her
father’s presence, he asked her:
“What is it you want?” “I have
come for a pearl fish-hook for my
kaikamahine, o Kauaelemimo ka
inoa. I ke awakea, hele o
Kauaelemimo e auau me kona
mau wahine, loaa iho la o Aiai e
waiho ana, lawe ae la o
Kauaelemimo i keiki nana, a
hanai iho la.
A nui o Aiai, he keiki maikai loa
ke nana aku, lawe ae la no o
Kauaelemimo i kane nana, a
moe iho la. A hapai o
Kauaelemimo, ono iho la ia i ka
ia, hele aku la o Aiai i ke
kamakoi ma kela wahi i
Halekuke, a loaa na ia hoi mai la
ai ka wahine. A hala he mau
anahulu, ono o Kauaelemimo i
ke aku, olelo aku ia Aiai, e holo i
ka hi aku; olelo mai o Aiai: “O
hele i pa i ko makuakane ia
Kipapalaulu.” Ae aku ka wahine,
hele aku la ia a hiki i mua o
Kipapalaulu. Ninau mai o
Kipapalaulu: “Heaha kau?” “I
hele mai nei au i pa na kuu
kane.” “Ae, he pa, eia ka pa.”
Hoi aku la ka wahine a hiki,
haawi aku la i ka pa ia Aiai.
Olelo mai o Aiai: “Aohe loaa a
husband.” “Yes, here is a pearl
fish-hook.” Kauaelemimo took it
and returned to her husband.
When Aiai saw the fish-hook, he
said: “This pearl fish-hook is
worthless, the fish will not bite it;
it will weary one’s body for
nothing.” The wife then asked
him: “Where can I get another
pearl fish-hook then?” Aiai
replied: “You go to your father
and tell him there is a pearl fish-
hook that will enrich the
fishermen. It is in the fishermen’s
calabash of fishing utensils.” By
this the husband wished to get
possession of the pearl fish-hook
Kahuoi which had been stolen
from his father by Kipapalaulu.
Upon coming to her father she
asked for another pearl fish-
hook. Kipapalaulu refused,
saying: “There is none left to
give; that was the last pearl fish-
hook I had which I gave you.”
Kauaelemimo said: “Aiai told me,
you had another one; it is in the
fishermen’s calabash of fishing
utensils.” “Yes, certainly there is
one. I now remember it for the
first time.” The calabash was
then brought to the king and
keia pa; he pa ai ole, hoeha kino
i keia pa.” A olelo mai ka wahine:
“A auhea la auanei ka pa?” I aku
o Aiai: “O hele a ko makuakane
olelo aku, he pa no, aole e nele
ka lawaia i ka pa, aia iloko o ka
ipu holoholona a ka lawaia.” O
ko Aiai manao ma keia olelo i ka
wahine, i loaa ka pa o Kahuoi, a
kona makuakane, i aihue ia ai e
Kipapalaulu.
A hiki ke kaikamahine i mua o
Kipapalaulu, nonoi aku i pa e
haawi hou mai, hoole mai o
Kipapalaulu: “Aohe pa i koe; o
ka pau ae la no ia o na pa.” I aku
o Kauaelemimo: “Ka! Olelo mai
nei o Aiai, he pa no, aia ka iloko
o ka ipu holoholona a ka lawaia.”
“Ae, he pa io, akahi au a
manao.” Kiina aku la a lawe ia
mai la, i nana iho ka hana, he
pa. Lawe aku la ka wahine a
mua o Aiai, lalau mai la o Aiai a
when he looked in it he found the
hook which he gave to his
daughter. The wife then returned
with it to her husband. Aiai took it
and said: “My days of poverty 8
are now [558]over since you have
come back.” Aiai then said to his
wife: “Go back again to your
father and ask him for a canoe;
not one of five or eight fathoms
in length, but get one that is ten
fathoms in length; that is the size
of the canoe that I want from
your father.” When Kauaelemimo
arrived in the presence of her
father, she asked for the canoe
described by her husband. When
the canoe ten fathoms in length
was brought the father asked the
daughter: “Who will be able to
paddle this canoe?” “My
husband will.” When Aiai heard
the answer made by his wife, he
took the canoe and set out with
the bird, Kamanuwai, taking the
pearl fish-hook, Kahuoi, along.
When he arrived off of Mamala
he took out the hook and began
fishing. The aku began to come
and jump into the canoe of their
own accord until it was loaded
down deep. The bird then eat
some of the fish and was again
olelo iho la: “Ola na iwi ua hoi
mai nei oe.” [559]
I aku o Aiai i ka wahine: “E hoi
hou oe i waa no’u; aole ka waa
elima anana ka loa, a e walu, o
ka waa he umi anana ka loa. Oia
ka waa au e olelo aku ai i ko
makuakane.” A hiki ka wahine
imua o Kipapalaulu, nonoi aku la
i waa, a hiki i ka waa umi anana
ka loa. Olelo mai ka makuakane:
“Nawai e hoe e hiki ai keia
waa?” “Na kuu kane no.” A lohe
o Aiai i ka olelo a kana wahine
kii aku la ia a lawe mai la i ka
waa, holo aku la ia me ka manu,
o Kamanuwai, a me ka pa o
Kahuoi, a waho o Mamala, wehe
ka pa a lawaia, na ke aku no i pii
a komo ka waa, ai iho la ka
manu a ola ae la. Hoi mai la o
Aiai, ua piha na waa i ke aku, a
hiki i mua o ka wahine, haawi
aku la i ka ia, o ua pa nei lilo aku
la ia Kamanuwai ke kiai. Pela ke
kaao no Aiai. [558]
restored to its former self. When
Aiai came home his double
canoe was loaded down deep
with aku. Upon arriving in the
presence of his wife he gave her
all the fish, but the pearl fish-
hook was taken by the bird,
Kamanuwai, its guardian. This is
the legend of Aiai. [555]

1 That section of Nuuanu Valley in the

neighborhood of Wyllie Street. ↑
2 Its great value lay in the fact that it
was specially attractive to the fish
desired, the aku. ↑
3 That section of Honolulu above
Beretania Street, from Nuuanu to the
stream, as it used to run. ↑
4 Mamala, Honolulu harbor entrance.
Kou was the harbor itself. ↑
5 Kuula was deified upon his death at
the cruel hands of Hua of Maui,
according to tradition, that he became
the god of fishermen to whom the koas
around Oahu, Maui, and other islands
are dedicated, and though these
outward evidences of idolatrous
practice have passed away, the inward
feeling of recognition of this god’s claim
on their effort is still stronger among the
old fishermen than they are willing to
admit. ↑
6 Kaumakapili, roosting with closed
eyes. ↑
 Kapuukolo, from about the site of the
7
present King Street market to River
Street and the stream. ↑
8 Another interpretation of the ola na
iwi expression. ↑
[Contents]
Legend of
Pupualenalena.
Pupualenalena was a dog that
once lived in Puako, Hawaii, with
its own master. After a while his
master was kidnapped by
Kanikaa, a spirit, so the dog
went and lived with another
master. It was the usual thing for
the new master to go out fishing,
so he took the dog with him,
making it sit behind him in the
canoe. Every time a fish was
caught the dog would eat it up,
and as the dog kept on doing
this for some time, the master
said: “Yes, I have no objections
to your eating the fish, if you can
only supply me with my favorite
drink, the awa, then it would be
all right for you to eat the fish.”
While the master was saying
Kaao no
Pupualenalena.
He ilio o Pupualenalena, o
Puako i Hawaii ka aina. Noho
iho la ua ilio nei me kona kahu
ponoi, a lilo aku kona kahu ponoi
ia Kanikaa, he ’kua ia, noho iho
la ia me kona kahu hanai. He
mea mau i ke kahu ka holo e
lawaia, a o ua ilio nei mahope o
ke kahu; loaa no ka ia pau no i
ka ilio, pela aku no, a no ia pau o
ka ia i ka ilio, olelo iho la ke
kahu: “U, ua pono no hoi kau ai
ana i ka ia, i na hoi e loaa ana
ka’u puni ia oe o ka awa, alaila,
pono no hoi kau ai ana i ka ia.”
Ma keia olelo a ke kahu, ua lohe
this, the dog Pupualenalena
understood him. In the evening
the dog disappeared. This
absence was because it went to
steal awa down in the valley of
Waipio. At this time Hakau the
king was living at Waipio. He
owned a large field of awa, just
at the foot of the Puaahuku cliff.
This was the field where
Pupualenalena came and got
awa. At daybreak he would
reach home with his awa, when
his master would take it, cut it up
and prepare some and drink it.
The master after this had all the
awa he wanted and the dog kept
him supplied for many days. The
dog, however, went to the place
so often that after a while very
little of the field was left; so
Hakau began to be suspicious
and therefore set guards over
the field. While the guards were
watching one night, the dog
came to the field and began
pulling up the awa; when he had
a sufficient amount for a load it
took up the load and returned
home. The guards then were
sure that a dog was pulling the
king’s awa, so they followed it.
The dog being much faster than
ua ilio nei o Pupualenalena. I ka
wa ahiahi, nalowale ua ilio nei o
Pupualenalena. O keia nalo ana,
ua hele i ka aihue awa i lalo o
Waipio. O Hakau ke ’lii e noho
ana i Waipio ia wa, nana ua
mala awa nei i ka pali o
Puaahuku olalo iho. I laila ka
awa a Pupualenalena i kii ai e
uhuki, a kokoke e ao, halulu ana
ua ilio nei me ka awa, lalau aku
la ke kahu a mama iho la i ka
awa, a inu iho la. Inu mau aku la
ke kahu i ka awa, a nui na la i
hala, kii mau no hoi ka ilio i ka
awa a kokoke e pau ka mala
awa a Hakau, hoohuoi o Hakau i
ka pau o ka awa, a hoonoho aku
la i mau kanaka kiai. Ia lakou e
kiai ana, hiki ana ua ilio nei, a
kokoke i ka mala awa, huhuki
ana i ka awa, ia wa, maopopo ia
lakou he ilio ka mea nana e
huhuki nei ka awa a ke ’lii. A ahu
ka awa a ua ilio nei, hoi aku la,
hahai aku la lakou mahope o ua
ilio nei.
Ua oi aku ka mama o ka ilio i
mua o ka poe nana e hahai ana,
nolaila, haalele kekahi poe
kanaka i ka hahai ana i ua ilio
nei a hoi aku la. Hookahi kanaka
the guards it got away; but one
fellow who was a good runner
kept up the chase until
Pupualenalena was finally
tracked to Puako. When the
guard saw the dog’s master he
was covered with scales from
the constant use of awa. The
guard then approached him and
asked: “Say, is this your dog?”
The master replied: “Yes.” The
guard then said: “You two have
sinned [560]against the king,
Hakau. Your dog has been
stealing the awa which belongs
to the king.” The guard then took
the man and his dog and brought
them to Hakau in the valley of
Waipio. When they arrived in the
presence of Hakau, Hakau
asked: “Is this your dog?” “Yes, it
is mine,” answered the man.
Hakau asked: “Have you been
drinking my awa then?” “Yes, I
have been drinking it. I thought
that the awa came from some
place nearer home. But I am
mistaken, and that he has been
getting it from Waipio, here.”
Hakau replied: “Yes, I am going
to kill both of you for taking my
awa.”
i hahai loa ia Pupualenalena a
hiki i kai o Puako. Nana aku la ia
i ke kahu o ua ilio nei, ua hele a
mahuna i ka awa, ninau aku la:
“Ea, nau no keia ilio?” Ae mai la
kela: “Ae.” I aku ua kanaka nei:
“Ua hewa olua i ke ’lii ia Hakau,
oia ka awa a ko ilio e kii nei,
[561]o ka awa a ke ’lii.” Lalau aku
la ua kanaka nei i ka ilio a me ke
kahu, a lawe aku la i mua o
Hakau malalo o Waipio.
A hiki laua nei i mua o Hakau,
ninau mai o Hakau: “Nau no keia
ilio?” “Ae, na’u no,” pela ke kahu.
Wahi a Hakau: “A nau no e inu
nei kuu awa?” “Ae, na’u no, e
kuhi ana au eia ma kahi kokoke
keia awa, aole ka: Eia ka i
Waipio nei.” I aku o Hakau: “Ae,
e make ana olua ia’u no ka pau
ana o kuu awa ia olua.”
During this time, in the reign of
Hakau, there was a large shell
used as a trumpet, called Kuana,
that was owned by the spirits
which lived above Waipio. This
shell was blown every night and
the sound from it made Hakau
angry. So he said to the master
of Pupualenalena: “I will,
however, save you and your dog
if you will get me the shell owned
by the spirits.” While Hakau was
speaking, Pupualenalena heard
and understood the king’s wish.
That night the shell was again
blown by the spirits. At midnight
the king of the spirits retired
leaving the guards to keep
watch; but later on they also fell
asleep. Pupualenalena then
stole in and jumped over the
sleeping guards. Seeing the
shell hanging over the king, it
jumped over him, took the shell,
stuck his head in through the
loop of the string by which it was
hung up and ran off with it. While
in its flight and just as he was out
of the house one side of the shell
struck a rock and a piece of the
shell was broken off. Upon
hearing the crack of the shell the
spirits woke up and gave chase,
Aia iloko o ia wa e noho alii ana
o Hakau, he pu na ke ’kua, o
Kuana ka inoa o ia pu, iluna aku
o Waipio, e kani mau ana ua pu
nei i na po a pau loa, nolaila,
uluhua o Hakau. Nolaila, olelo
aku o Hakau i ke kahu o
Pupualenalena: “Aia ke ola o
olua me ko ilio a loaa ka pu a ke
’kua.” Ia Hakau e olelo nei, ke
lohe nei o Pupualenalena. A
ahiahi, kani ka pu a ke ’kua; a
aumoe, moe ke ’lii o ke ’kua, ala
na kiai, a mahope pauhia i ka
hiamoe. Komo ana o
Pupualenalena iloko, ae aku la
maluna o na kiai, nana aku la e
kau ana ua pu nei maluna o ke
’lii wahi, ae aku la no keia
maluna o ke ’lii a loaa ka pu,
komo aku la ke poo o ua ilio nei
maloko o ke kaula kakai o ka pu,
e paa ai, a holo mai la.
Ma keia holo ana, ua puka i
waho o ka hale, pa kekahi aoao
o ka pu i ka pohaku, niho mole,
ala ke ’kua a alualu ia ia nei,
aole i loaa mai. Hiki keia i mua o
Hakau me ka pu, olioli o Hakau i
ka loaa ana o ka pu, nolaila,
hoonoho o Hakau i ke kahu a
but they were unable to catch me ka ilio i ka aina, a lilo ae la i
the dog. punahele na Hakau. [560]

When the dog arrived in the

presence of Hakau with the
shell, he was so happy that he
thereupon placed the master and
his dog on a piece of land near
by, and they became great
favorites with Hakau. [559]
[Contents]
Legend of
Kaulanapokii.
Kaumalumalu was the father and
Lanihau was the mother who
once lived in Holualoa, Kona,
Hawaii, residing there as king
and queen at that time. Mumu
was their first-born, then came
Wawa, then Ahewahewa, then
Lulukaina and then Kalino
making five sons. Then came
Mailelaulii, Mailekaluhea,
Mailepakaha, Mailehaiwale and
last came Kaulanapokii making
five daughters. After the children
were grown up, Mailelaulii asked
her younger sisters, saying: “Let
us go sight seeing 1 hereabouts.”
They then started out and went
as far as Huehue from which
point Kohala can be seen. On
beholding the white sands of
Kiholo and Kapalaoa they were
Kaao no Kaulanapokii.
O Holualoa i Kona, Hawaii, ka
aina. O Kaumalumalu ka
makuakane, o Lanihau ka
makuahine, he mau alii laua no
Kona ia wa. O Mumu ka mua, o
Wawa, o Ahewahewa, o
Lulukaina, o Kalino, alima kane.
O Mailelaulii, o Mailekaluhea, o
Mailepakaha, o Mailehaiwale, o
Kaulanapokii, alima wahine.
Noho iho la lakou a pau i ke nui,
olelo aku o Mailelaulii i kona
mau kaikaina: “E hele kakou e
makaikai maanei aku nei.” Hele
mai la lakou a hiki i Huehue e
nana ala ia Kohala, nana mai la,
a makemake mai la i ke aiai o ke
one o Kiholo a me Kapalaoa, a
hiki lakou i laila, malaila mai a
hiki i Kalahuipuaa, e noho ana o
Puako.
enticed to go on. When they
arrived at Kapalaoa they thought
they would keep on to
Kalahuipuaa. Upon arriving at
Kalahuipuaa they met Puako.
Puako was a very handsome
man whose form was perfect.
When he saw Mailelaulii he took
her to be his wife and that night
they were covered with the same
kapa. Very early the next
morning the girls looked and saw
Puako carrying sea water and
filling pools for salt making. Upon
seeing this the sisters got
disgusted and said to Mailelaulii:
“Say, if that is going to be your
husband we will all be made
weary carrying [562]sea water for
salt making and our skins will
look like the windward bark of a
noni tree.” Mailelaulii then said to
Puako: “My sisters are urging me
to continue on our way sight
seeing.” Puako consented to
this, so the girls departed on
their way to Kohala. When they
arrived at Kokoiki, in Kohala,
they met Hikapoloa, the chief of
Puuepa and Hukiaa; as he was a
single man he took Mailelaulii to
He kanaka maikai o Puako, he
ui, aohe puu, aohe kee, lawe ae
la ia ia Mailelaulii i wahine, a
moe iho la lakou ia po a ao ae
la. Nana aku la lakou ia Puako, e
hele ana i kuapa i ka halihali kai
loko o na poho paakai, a
hoowahawaha iho la ia Puako.
Olelo aku na kaikaina, ia
Mailelaulii: “Ea, ina o kau kane
kela, luhi kakou i ka hoohaha
paakai, i ka lawe i ke kai, hele
wale iho no ke kino a kuanoni.”
[563]
Olelo aku la o Mailelaulii ia
Puako: “E hele ana makou e
makaikai, ke koi nei lakou nei
ia’u e hele makou.” Ae mai la o
Puako, nolaila, hele lakou nei
ma Kohala nei. A hiki lakou i
Kohala a noho ma Kokoiki, e
noho ana o Hikapoloa he ’lii no
Puuepa a me Hukiaa, aohe
wahine ana, nolaila, lawe ae la o
Hikapoloa ia Mailelaulii i wahine,
a noho iho la lakou ia Kohala.
be his wife: so the sisters took
up their residence in Kohala.
Shortly after this some of the
Kohala people sailed for Kekaha
and from there continued on to
Holualoa, Kona, for the purpose
of trade, where they met Mumu
and his brothers. Mumu and his
brothers were fishermen and
caught aku and all other kinds of
fish. They had in their
possession some very rare pearl
fish-hooks, which supplied them
with all the aku they wanted. The
Kohala traders got their fish from
Mumu and his brothers.
On returning to Kohala the
traders upon arriving at Puuepa
took some of the fish to
Hikapoloa, his wife and sisters.
When the fish was given to them
the sisters asked: “Where did
you get your fish from?” “From
Holualoa.” “From whom at
Holualoa?” “From Mumu and his
brothers.” The sisters then said
to Hikapoloa: “They are our
brothers. There are five of them
and all fishermen.” Hikapoloa
then asked: “Do you think I will
be able to get a pearl fish-hook if
A liuliu iho, holo kekahi poe o
Kohala i ke kalepa ia i ke kaha, a
hala loa i Kona a Holualoa, kahi
o Mumu ma. O ka Mumu ma
hana me na kaikaina o ka
lawaia, o ke aku ka ia a me na ia
e ae, a na lakou ua pa ai nei i ke
aku. No laila ka ia a ka poe
kalepa o Kohala i holo aku ai.
Hoi mai la lakou a Puuepa, lawe
mai la i kekahi mau ia na
Hikapoloa a me na wahine.
Ninau aku la lakou: “Nohea ka
oukou ia?” “No Holualoa.” “Na
wai la o Holualoa?” “Na Mumu
ma.” I aku lakou ia Hikapoloa: “O
ko makou mau kaikunane ia,
elima ko lakou nui, he poe
lawaia wale no.” Olelo mai o
Hikapoloa: “Pehea, loaa no ia’u
ka pa ke kii?” “Ae, aole e aua ia
oe, ke olelo aku oe he kaikoeke
oe no lakou, a ke hai aku oe o
Mailelaulii kau wahine.”
I should go for one?” “Yes, they
will not refuse you one if you tell
them that you are their brother-
in-law and if you tell them that
Mailelaulii is your wife.”
Soon after this Hikapoloa set sail
for Kona and landed at Holualoa.
Upon his arrival his brothers-in-
law were out fishing so he
awaited for their return. Upon
being told that he was their
brother-in-law, they asked him:
“What is the object of your visit?”
“I have come for a pearl fish-
hook for aku fishing. That is the
only thing that has brought me
here, nothing else.” “Yes, you
shall have a pearl fish-hook.
Here it is, with the rod and line.”
When Hikapoloa came home his
canoes were loaded down with
dry aku as well as with fresh aku.
After Hikapoloa had been home
for some time he gave orders
that the canoes be made ready
to go out fishing for aku. When
the canoes were ready they
started out and upon coming to
the aku grounds he took up the
fish-hook and held it in his hand,
thinking that the aku would jump
Holo aku la o Hikapoloa a pae
ma Holualoa, i ka lawaia na
kaikoeke a hoi mai la, e noho
ana keia i ka hale. Hai aku la o
Hikapoloa i na kaikoeke, e like
me ka olelo a na kaikuahine.
Ninau mai la na kaikoeke:
“Heaha kau huakai?” “He pa hi
aku, o ia ko’u mea i hiki mai nei,
aohe mea e ae.” “Ae, he pa, eia
no me ka makoi a me ke aho.”
Hooili mai la lakou i ke aku a na
waa o Hikapoloa, a me ke aku
maloo.
Hai mai la o Hikapoloa a hiki i
Kohala, noho iho la a liuliu,
hoolale aku la i na waa a me na
kaohi. Holo aku la lakou i ka hi
aku, a kahi o ke aku, lalau iho la
o Hikapoloa, i ka pa a paa ae la i
ka lima, e manao ana ia e lele
mai ke aku mai ke kai mai a
komo i ka waa. Pela ka hana
into the canoe of their own
accord. He held the hook this
way all day until the paddlers
were stiff with cold, but no aku
was caught. Upon failing to get
any aku he took it as sufficient
cause for the death of his
brothers-in-law. When they
arrived home, Hikapoloa did not
tell his wife of his plans to kill his
brothers-in-law; but he told the
watchman 2 at Kukuipahu, the
place where the canoes from
Kona generally make their
landing, saying: “In case my
brothers-in-law from Kona
should arrive, don’t give them
any food; tell them they can get
their food up at Hikapoloa’s
place.” Hikapoloa then prepared
firewood and the umu, 3 and then
selected a guard for the door
who was already armed with a
stone axe and instructed him
that when any head should enter
the door to cut it off.
Not very long after this a
prolonged drought visited Kona
and food became very scarce.
After a while there was no food
to be had in the district; Kohala
was the only [564]place that had
ana a po ka la, pau na hoewaa i
ka opili, aohe loaa o ke aku;
nolaila, lilo keia loaa ole o ke aku
i hala e make ai na kaikoeke.
Pae aku la lakou a uka, noho iho
la me ka olelo ole i na wahine,
ua holo ia lakou e make na
kaikoeke.
Olelo aku la o Hikapoloa i ke kiai
o Kukuipahu, oia ke awa e pae
ai ko Kona waa ke holo mai: “E! I
hiki mai o’u kaikoeke mai Kona
mai, mai hanai oe i ka ai, olelo
aku oe aia i uka ka ai ia
Hikapoloa.” Hoomakaukau iho la
o Hikapoloa, i ka wahie a me ka
umu, a hoonoho iho la i kiai no
ka puka o ka hale, me kona
makaukau i ke koi, ina e komo
ke poo maloko o ka hale, alaila
ooki i ke koi.
A hiki i ka wa wi o Kona, aohe ai,
a hookahi aina ai o Kohala, olelo
aku o Kalino i na kaikuaana: “E
holo kakou i Kohala i ai na
kakou.” Ae na kaikuaana, holo
mai [565]la lakou me ka hi aku a
food, so Kalino said to his older
brothers: “Let us sail to Kohala
and get us some food.” The
brothers consented to this; so
they made ready and while on
their way they fished for aku.
When they arrived at Kukuipahu,
in Kohala, their canoe was
loaded down deep with aku. As
they came ashore they were all
faint with hunger from want of
food; so they went to the house
of the watchman expecting to
obtain some food. When they
arrived at the house the
watchman said: “Your brother-in-
law has left word that you go
right on up as he has the food for
you.” The younger brothers then
said to Mumu: “You go on up and
when you get there bring us
some food. After we have some
food we will also go up. Don’t be
long.” Mumu then took up an aku
and started on his way to Puuiki,
a hill looking down on Kukuipahu
and from which point the houses
of Hikapoloa could be seen. As
he reached the top of the hill, the
watchman called out to
Hikapoloa: “Say, I see a man, he
comes running with a fish in his
hand.” Hikapoloa looked and
komo na waa hiki i Kukuipahu
ma Kohala. A pae lakou i
Kukuipahu, ua pololi, ua hele a
maka poniuniu i ka make a ka ai,
hoona aku la lakou nei a ka hale
o ke kiai, olelo mai ke kiai: “E! I
olelo mai ke kaikoeke o oukou e
pii oukou ke pae mai, aia no ka
ai iaia.” I aku na kaikaina ia
Mumu: “E pii oe, a hiki, lawe mai
oe i wahi ai na makou, a maona
ia pii aku, mai lohi oe.” Hopu iho
la o Mumu he aku, pii aku la a
hiki i Puuiki, he ahua puu ia e
nana ana ia kai o Kukuipahu, a e
nana ana i na hale o Hikapoloa.
Hai aku ke kiai ia Hikapoloa. “E,
he kanaka hoi keia eia la, ke
holo mai nei he ia ko ka lima.”
Nana aku la o Hikapoloa a ike,
olelo aku la: “O Mumu, o ke
kaikunane o Mailelaulii ma.”
A hiki mai la o Mumu i waho o ka
pa o ka hale, ninau mai la i ke
kiai: “Auhea na ’lii wahine?” I aku
ke kiai: “Mahope ia, e komo e ai
a maona, alaila i ka makamaka.”
Ma keia olelo a ke kiai, komo
aku la o Mumu i loko o ka pa o
ka hale, a hiki i ka hale, kahea
mai ke kiai o loko: “Komo mai.”
Komo aku la o Mumu, o ke poo
saw it was Mumu, so he said: “It kai komo, ooki iho la keia
is the brother of Mailelaulii.” kanaka i ke koi, lele ke poo mai
When Mumu arrived outside of ke kino aku, a kahi e waiho.
the enclosure surrounding the Ninau mai ke poo o Mumu:
house, he asked of the
watchman: “Where are the
chiefesses?” The watchman
said: “That is afterwards; enter
the house and have some food
first, then you may see your
relations.” On thus being invited,
Mumu entered the enclosure and
went up to the house. The inner
guard then called out: “Come in.”
At this Mumu entered, head first,
when down came the axe and
the head was cut off from the
body. The head rolled off to
some distance and then asked:

Inquire and ask E ui aku, e ninau,

For the fault why the man was I ka hala i make ai ke kanaka;
killed; Heaha ka hala o kanaka i make
What is the fault that a man ai?
should be killed?

Hikapoloa answered: “There is a I aku o Hikapoloa: “He hala. O

fault. The pearl fish-hook that
was worthless was given to me
and the pearl fish-hook that the
aku is fond of was kept back.
That is the fault.” The head of
ka pa ai ole, haawi ia mai, o ka
pa ai, aua ia aku. Oia ka hala.”
Pane hou mai ke poo o Mumu ia
Hikapoloa:
Mumu again inquired of
Hikapoloa:
Is that all the fault, why a man
should be killed?
The umu by this time was hot
and ready; the body was then
put into the umu. After it was
cooked Hikapoloa said: “The
person who will eat the biggest
amount 4 shall be presented with
the largest ahupuaa.” After the
body was eaten the bones were
thrown onto a pile of sugar-cane
trash. The younger brothers in
the meantime awaited for the
return of their brother. After
some time had lapsed
Ahewahewa went up and he also
was killed. The next one followed
and so on down to Kalino. When
it came to Kalino’s turn, he took
up an aku and started off. When
he got to Puuiki, he was seen,
and the watchman called out to
Hikapoloa: “Say, there is a thin
man coming up.” Hikapoloa
answered: “It must be Kalino; he
must be coming up sideways for
he is a large man. He is the last
one, the youngest of the
brothers.” When Kalino arrived
O ka hala wale iho la no ia, e
make ai kanaka?
Ua makaukau ka umu, ua
enaena; ia wa, kalua ia ke kino o
Mumu i ka umu, a moa, olelo o
Hikapoloa: “O ka mea ikaika i ka
ai ana, e lilo ke ahupuaa nui iaia.
A pau ka ai ana, kiola ia aku la
na iwi i ka puainako. Kakali mai
la na kaikaina o ka hoi aku, a
liuliu, pii o Ahewahewa, pela no
ka hana a hiki ia Kalino. Lalau
iho la o Kalino i ke aku, pii mai la
a hiki i Puuiki, hai aku la ke kiai
ia Hikapoloa: “E, he kanaka wiwi
ae hoi keia e pii mai nei.” I aku o
Hikapoloa: “O Kalino keia
kanaka, ua kunihi mai la ka pii
ana; he kanaka nui keia, o ka
pau keia o na kane. O ka muli
loa keia o Mumu ma.” A hiki o
Kalino, me ke aku i ka lima,
ninau aku la i na kiai: “Auhea na
’lii wahine?” “Mahope ia, e komo
e ai a maona, alaila hele aku e
ike.” Komo aku la o Kalino, ooki
iho la ke koi, moku ke poo. Olelo
mai ke poo o Kalino: