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b. sociologists use research techniques and theories that the media may not use to
explain social issues.
c. sociologists do not study the types of problems that appear on television programs.
d. the media focuses on problem behavior, sociology does not.
ANS: B REF: 4 OBJ: 1 TOP: Conceptual
MSC: MODIFIED
2
6. Applying the _____means that one has the ability to see the societal patterns that influence
individual and group life.
a. sociological perspective
b. sociological ideal
c. sociological philosophy
d. sociological context
ANS: A REF: 5 OBJ: 1 TOP: Factual
MSC: PICKUP
7. Which of the following social thinkers is associated with the concept of the sociological
imagination?
a. Max Weber
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Wright Mills
d. Charles Murray
MSC: PICKUP
8. A fundamental concept for using one’s sociological imagination is the distinction that Mills
made between
a. mechanical and organic solidarity.
b. troubles and issues.
c. the gemeinschaft and the gesellschaft.
d. social status and social dynamics.
ANS: B REF: 5 OBJ: 2 TOP: Factual
MSC: PICKUP
9. Sociologists refer to the organized patterns of social relationships and social institutions that
make up society as the _____.
a. social framework
b. sociological perspective
c. social structure
d. interactionist perspective
ANS: C REF: 5 | 18 OBJ: 2 | 8 TOP: Factual
MSC: PICKUP
10. According to Mills, the specific task of sociology is to

a. expose the exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie.
b. help individuals solve their problems.
c. comprehend human society and its influence on the lives of human beings.
d. promote the use of “verstehen” to understand social behavior from the point of
view of those who engaged in it.
ANS: C REF: 6 OBJ: 2 TOP: Factual
MSC: PICKUP
3
11. Sociology is a/n _____ discipline, meaning the conclusions are based on systematic
observations.
a. empirical
b. observational
c. common sense
d. rigorous
MSC: NEW
12. When conclusions are based on systematic and careful observations the study may be said to
be _____.
a. biased
b. empirical
c. endogamous
d. stratified
MSC: MODIFIED
13. The goal of the sociologists is to study controversial topics with an open mind, even if this
results in the discovery of “inconvenient” or disturbing information. An example of an
inconvenient fact presented in the text is that
a. same-sex couples are more likely to be interracial than heterosexual couples.
b. the number of women prisoners is increasing at almost twice the rate for men.
c. a majority of women in prison are mothers.
d. all of these are inconvenient facts presented in the text
ANS: C REF: 6 OBJ: 2 TOP: Conceptual
MSC: PICKUP
14. Sociologists believe that persistent problems in the U.S. are

a. largely the result of individual behavior.
b. caused by people with psychological problems.
c. embedded in society.
d. the consequence of free will
ANS: C REF: 7 OBJ: 1 | 2 TOP: Conceptual
MSC: MODIFIED
15. Elaine Bell Kaplan’s research on black teenage motherhood concluded that
a. the black community condones teen pregnancy.
b. the black teens felt embarrassed and stigmatized by being pregnant.
c. black women don’t value success as much as white women do.
d. they always develop complete sexual identities.
ANS: B REF: 8 OBJ: 2 TOP: Applied
MSC: MODIFIED
4
16. Peter Berger called the process whereby sociologists question actions and ideas that are
usually taken for granted _____.
a. “unveiling”
b. “verstehen”
c. “objectification”
d. “debunking”
ANS: D REF: 7 OBJ: 2 TOP: Factual
MSC: PICKUP
17. Peter Berger’s concept of debunking refers to

a. the ability to use common sense.
b. the “unmasking” tendency of sociology.
c. taking people’s actions for granted.
d. using empirical evidence to support common sense.
MSC: MODIFIED
18. Using the sociological perspective to debunk the assumptions of the education system reveals
that schools
a. are primarily a way for students to learn and get ahead.
b. provide opportunity for all students.
c. teach some children their place within society.
d. give girls much more attention than boys.
ANS: C REF: 7 OBJ: 2 TOP: Applied
MSC: PICKUP
19. Sociological research on education has debunked many common assumptions. It has found
that
a. the education system is primarily a way to learn and to get ahead.
b. poor children rarely have the same resources in schools that middle-class and elite
students have.
c. today, girls are achieving more rapidly than boys in the areas of math and science.
d. social cliques do not form until adulthood.
ANS: B REF: 7 OBJ: 2 TOP: Applied
MSC: MODIFIED
20. The text includes a discussion of the practice of footbinding in China in order to demonstrate
that all of the following, except
a. it is easier to debunk knowledge of another’s culture than of one’s own.
b. behavior that is taken for granted in one society may be viewed as bizarre from the
perspective of another society.
c. sociological debunking may question practices that are otherwise taken for
granted.
d. sociologists rely on empirical evidence to support conclusions.
ANS: D REF: 8 OBJ: 2 TOP: Applied
MSC: MODIFIED
5
21. George Simmel was particularly interested in the role of “strangers” in social groups.
According to Simmel, strangers have a unique perspective because while they are part of the
group they also have _____.
a. their own emotional responses
b. debunking
c. critical distance
d. functionalism
MSC: PICKUP
22. George Simmel developed the concept of “critical distance,” which refers to _____.
a. being physically separate from one’s research subjects
b. being able to detach from the situation at hand to view things critically.
c. being a stranger in social groups.
d. being able to not participate in your own research.
MSC: NEW
23. What role do sociologists play while conducting their research on society?
a. Sociologists are usually strangers to the practices they study.
b. Sociologists must avoid studying aspects of society that they have a personal
interest in.
c. Sociologists achieve critical distance through their willingness to question the
forces that shape behavior.
d. Most sociologists are primarily academics and typically study only areas within the
academy.
ANS: C REF: 9 OBJ: 2 TOP: Applied
MSC: MODIFIED
24. What is the sociological approach to diversity in society?

a. Sociologists believe that people are shaped by the social context around them.
b. Sociologists like to study the unusual.
c. According to sociologists, diversity seems to be disappearing.
d. Sociologists study mostly racial diversity.
ANS: A REF: 9 OBJ: 3 TOP: Conceptual
MSC: PICKUP
25. When group differences are created by the social structure of society, sociologists refer to this
as _____.
a. social institutions
b. critical distance
c. diversity
d. in-groups and out-groups
MSC: PICKUP
26. Which of these do not sociologists consider part of the concept of diversity?
6
a. studying group differences in opportunities within society
b. the process of social change
c. the formation of group identity
d. the allocation of resources
ANS: D REF: 11 OBJ: 3 TOP: Conceptual
MSC: MODIFIED
27. Within sociology, the concept of diversity

a. applies only to different cultural orientations.
b. encompasses a global perspective.
c. is focused exclusively on different groups within the U.S.
d. is not considered one of the most important concepts for study.
MSC: PICKUP
28. Which of the following is not true about the global perspective in sociology?
a. sociologists consider comparing and contrasting societies across cultures valuable
b. the global perspective is essential to the study of change in society
c. although societies are interconnected, their social and economic systems remain
very separated
d. a global perspective goes beyond simple comparisons of cultures
ANS: C REF: 11-12 OBJ: 3 TOP: Conceptual
MSC: MODIFIED
29. Sociology first emerged as a discipline in _____.

a. the United States
b. western Europe
c. South America
d. eastern Europe
MSC: PICKUP
30. Which of the following was not a condition that led to the development of sociology?
a. rapid social change in Europe
b. the disappearance of traditional sources of authority
c. contact between societies was increasing
d. the increasingly important role of religion
MSC: MODIFIED
7
31. The Enlightenment had an enormous influence on the development of modern sociology. The
Enlightenment
a. occurred in Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
b. is also known as the Age of Reason.
c. refers to the period of renewed faith in God and religion.
d. occurred first among the lower and working classes.
MSC: PICKUP
32. The Enlightenment had an enormous influence on the development of modern sociology
because it was characterized by
a. the spread of socialism.
b. the influence of religion as a system of authority and law.
c. faith in the ability of human reason to solve society’s problems.
d. an emphasis on the supernatural.
MSC: PICKUP
33. August Comte is known for:

a. developing the first sociology program.
b. writing the first sociology textbook.
c. conducting the first sociological research.
d. coined the term “sociology.”
MSC: NEW
34. Positivism refers to

a. thinking very optimistically about society.
b. being very certain of one’s research methods.
c. a belief system first suggested by Emile Durkheim.
d. scientific observation and description
MSC: PICKUP
35. According to _____, scientific observation is viewed as the highest form of knowledge.
a. sociology
b. positivism
c. functionalism
d. sui generis
MSC: NEW
8
36. Alex de Tocqueville referred to the ability of the majority in a democracy to impose its will on
everyone else as _____.
a. the “tyranny of democracy”
b. “unenlightened despotism”
c. “manifest destiny”
d. the “tyranny of the majority”
MSC: MODIFIED
37. Which of these is an observation that de Tocqueville made in his study of American society?
a. Americans had little independence of mind, despite their emphasis on
individualism.
b. Individual freedom was widespread despite the principle of majority rule.
c. Democratic values had little impact on American social institutions.
d. American were mostly controlled by capitalist values.
MSC: MODIFIED
38. Alexis de Tocqueville and Harriet Martineau were alike in that both were
a. abolitionists who feared that slavery would tear a society apart.
b. feminists who were concerned about the subordination of women.
c. interested in the newly emerging culture in America.
d. symbolic interactionists.
MSC: PICKUP
39. Harriet Martineau was an early sociologist and a British citizen. Her book, Society in America
a. was overlooked for many years.
b. quickly became a classic in sociological study.
c. has never really been evaluated by sociologists.
d. made no real contribution to the field of sociology.
MSC: PICKUP
40. Harriet Martineau’s book, How to Observe Manners and Morals, was the first
a. to discuss observing behavior while participating in the situation.
b. field study of folkways and mores
c. in-depth analysis of democratic culture
d. co-authored manuscript involving Auguste Comte
MSC: PICKUP
9
41. What do Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, and Max Weber all have in common?
a. They are largely discredited sociologists.
b. They are classical thinkers whose ideas continue to influence the social sciences.
c. They were all German economists.
d. They were all political rebels who were imprisoned for their ideas.
ANS: B REF: 13-15 OBJ: 5 TOP: Factual
MSC: MODIFIED
42. According to Emile Durkheim

a. deviance has no place in a “healthy” society.
b. people in society are held together by belief systems.
c. the best theoretical approach to the study of society is social conflict theory.
d. the economic system has the most important influence on human thought and
behavior.
MSC: PICKUP
43. _____ work is the basis for conflict theory.

a. Emile Durkheim
b. George Simmel
c. Karl Marx
d. Auguste Comte
MSC: NEW
44. According to Durkheim, public rituals, including punishment, are important because
a. they make people afraid of authority and less likely to commit crime.
b. they create a bond among the members of society.
c. they give members of society an opportunity to meet the key figures of authority.
d. they create sui generis.
MSC: MODIFIED
45. In Durkheim’s view of society, people come to believe what society expects them to believe
because
a. they internalize the existence of society in their minds.
b. they are subject to coercion and exploitation.
c. they do not believe that they have free will.
d. they understand that society is an integrated whole.
MSC: MODIFIED
10
46. Durkheim conceptualized social facts as
a. one’s personal drives and motivations.
b. social patterns that are external to individuals.
c. the embodiment of sui generic.
d. the direct outgrowth of our biological drives.
MSC: PICKUP
47. According to the text, Durkheim’s major contribution to the discipline of sociology was the
understanding of
a. the effects of capitalism on society.
b. the social basis of human behavior.
c. the relationship that exists between man and nature.
d. the effect of verstehen on our conception of reality.
MSC: MODIFIED
48. Marx’s work was devoted to explaining

a. the social basis of human behavior.
b. the social laws that governed human behavior.
c. how capitalism shaped society.
d. how to observe social behavior while participating in it.
MSC: PICKUP
49. According to Marx, capitalism is based on

a. social solidarity and cohesion.
b. profit and private property.
c. a democratic political system.
d. a rejection of socialism and communism.
MSC: PICKUP
50. Marx used the term ______ for those people in society who are discarded by society and
_____ for those in the working class.
a. Proletariat; bourgeoisie
b. lumpenproletariat; proletariat
c. bourgeoisie; petty bourgeoisie
d. petty bourgeoisie; lumpenproletariat
MSC: MODIFIED
11
51. Which of the following statements about Marx is true?
a. Marx focused more on individuals than social structure in his analysis of society.
b. Marx considered all of society to be shaped by economic forces.
c. A limitation of Marx’s work was his failure to recognize the effects of class on
social behavior.
d. Marx’s evolutionary concept of societal development and change is almost
identical to that of Durkheim’s.
MSC: PICKUP
52. According to Marx, the beliefs of the common people tend to support the interests of the
capitalist system, not the workers themselves. This is because
a. workers do not understand how capitalism works.
b. workers have no idea what their own interests are, or what would benefit them.
c. the capitalist class control the production of ideas.
d. all of these are true
MSC: PICKUP
53. Which of the following is not a basic dimension of society, according to Max Weber?
a. Political
b. Economic
c. Cultural
d. Social
MSC: NEW
54. Marx’s perspective of society argued that

a. capitalists do not own the actual system by which goods are produced and
distributed.
b. workers receive a fair share of the profits that they help create.
c. profit is produced through the exploitation of the working class.
d. while capitalists control the production of goods, they do not control the
production of ideas.
MSC: PICKUP
55. While Marx saw economics as the organizing influence on society, Weber focused on
a. three dimensions: political, economic, and cultural.
b. primarily the political system.
c. problems of cultural diversity.
d. two dimensions: the personal and the political.
MSC: PICKUP
12
56. Weber theorized that value-free sociology could not exist since values would always influence
what sociologists considered worthy of study. Because they could not be completely value-
free, Weber believed that sociologists should
a. not worry about whether or not their research is biased.
b. use their research to promote particular political perspectives.
c. acknowledge the influence of values and try to be as objective as possible.
d. avoid research and stick to theoretical writing.
MSC: PICKUP
57. Weber was concerned with the responsibility of sociologists. He stated that sociologists
should
a. use their research to promote particular political positions.
b. teach students the uncomfortable truth about the world.
c. avoid examining unpopular opinions and views.
d. theorize without trying to be empirical.
MSC: PICKUP
58. An important concept in Weber’s sociology is verstehen which refers to:

a. approaching the study of society from a value-free perspective
b. a focus on the political systems of society
c. viewing social behavior from the perspective of those engaged in it
d. social action
MSC: PICKUP
59. Weber defined verstehen as _____.

a. the multidimensionality of society.
b. understanding behavior to which people give meaning.
c. a constantly evolving organism.
d. a hands-off approach to understanding society.
MSC: NEW
60. According to the text, a significant difference between the early American sociologists and
their European counterparts was that the American sociologists were more _____.
a. theoretical
b. practical
c. free-thinking
d. academic
MSC: PICKUP
13
61. The early American sociologists are characterized by
a. their extremely theoretical approach to problems.
b. their adherence to the conflict perspective primarily.
c. their belief that sociology could alleviate the negative consequences of society.
d. their lack of interest in research.
MSC: MODIFIED
62. The organic metaphor refers to

a. seeing a particular society as untarnished by the influence of others.
b. sociologists working in the community, not being strictly academic.
c. seeing society as a system of interrelated functions and parts.
d. understanding behavior from the perspective of those engaged in it.
MSC: MODIFIED
63. According to Social Darwinists

a. the “survival of the fittest” is the driving force of social evolution.
b. social reform was essential for the protection of the poorest members of society.
c. the evolution of society would always create more social problems.
d. “social engineering” was necessary for society to meet the needs of its members.
MSC: PICKUP
64. Social Darwinists believed that

a. social evolution did not work in the same way as biological evolution.
b. over time complexity would revert to simplicity and societies would become more
primitive.
c. social reforms should not be implemented because they interfered with the natural
progression of society.
d. Humans could shape the evolution of society.
MSC: MODIFIED
65. The type of applied sociological thinking that focused on how society shaped the mind and
identity of people was called _____.
a. the Chicago School
b. the Social Darwinist School
c. classical European theory
d. the organic metaphor
MSC: PICKUP
14
66. Robert Park
a. was interested in urban problems.
b. focused on immigrant workers.
c. emphasized qualitative research.
d. used a reform-based approach.
MSC: NEW
67. The Chicago School sociologist who was a leader in the settlement house movement and who
did systematic research geared toward improving the lives of the dispossessed groups within
the city was:
a. Jane Addams
b. Robert Park
c. Lester Ward
d. George Herbert Mead
MSC: PICKUP
68. Jane Addams is the only practicing sociologist to have won a _____.
a. Pulitzer Prize
b. Preston Award
c. Nobel Peace Prize
d. Fulbright Fellowship
MSC: NEW
69. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was an early sociologist whose contributions to the field have only
recently been examined. She is best known for her work
a. on the design of cities.
b. aimed at improving the lives of urban immigrants and the homeless.
c. in the anti-lynching movement.
d. with the NAACP.
MSC: PICKUP
70. _____ was the first Black person in any field to earn a PhD.
a. W.E.B. Du Bois
b. Ida B. Wells-Barnett
c. Jane Addams
d. Robert Parks
MSC: MODIFIED
15
71. W.E.B. Du Bois wrote in 1901 that
a. “he who discriminates shatters the world”.
b. “the line between rich and poor is Black”.
c. “the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line”.
d. “education is only available to those that can afford it”.
MSC: NEW
72. What is the purpose of sociological theory?

a. To make sociology seem more academic.
b. To organize and interpret observations.
c. To provide a way to do sociology without having to conduct research.
d. To describe what sociology is.
MSC: PICKUP
73. Durkheim, Marx, and Weber has which of the following in common?
a. They were all macrosociologists.
b. They were all qualitative researchers.
c. They all followed the Chicago School.
d. They all attended prestigious Universities.
MSC: NEW
74. Theoretical frameworks that strive to understand society as a whole are called _____.
a. macrosociology
b. microsociology
c. theories of the middle range
d. universalistic sociology
MSC: PICKUP
75. Theoretical frameworks that center on face-to-face social interaction are categorized as _____.
a. macrosociology
b. microsociology
c. theories of the middle range
d. universalistic sociology
MSC: PICKUP
16
76. Emile Durkheim’s work is the foundation for which major theoretical perspective?
a. Conflict theory
b. Symbolic interactionism
c. Functionalism
d. Feminism
ANS: C REF: 16 OBJ: 5 | 7 TOP: Factual
MSC: NEW
77. _____ interprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to the stability of society as
a whole.
a. Functionalism
b. Conflict theory
c. Symbolic interaction
d. Positivism
MSC: PICKUP
78. When one part of society is not working, it affects the rest of society and causes social
problems. This statement reflects the _____ approach.
a. conflict
b. symbolic interactionist
c. functionalist
d. microsociological
MSC: MODIFIED
79. At its most basic level, the function of the family is _____.
a. emotional support
b. reproduction
c. marriage
d. economic support
MSC: PICKUP
80. Functionalism emphasizes all of the following except

a. the consensus that exists in society.
b. the order that exists in society.
c. shared public values.
d. the role of coercion and power.
MSC: PICKUP
17
81. How do functionalists view disorganization within society?
a. They believe it must result in change to re-establish equilibrium in society.
b. They view disorganization as functional for society.
c. They believe that disorganization in one part of society will affect only those
directly involved.
d. They believe that change is for the worse, stemming from instability.
MSC: MODIFIED
82. Robert Merton suggested that human behavior has _____.

a. functions and dysfunctions
b. qualitative and quantitative components
c. elements of conformity and individualism
d. manifest functions and latent functions
MSC: NEW
83. Merton called the unintended consequences of behavior _____.

a. latent functions
b. manifest functions
c. hidden functions
d. indirect function
MSC: PICKUP
84. From a functionalist perspective, unequal distribution of resources

a. is a reflection of who has the most power to decide how resources are distributed.
b. is fair because some roles are more important to society than others.
c. does not occur.
d. is not fair since everyone has an important role to play in society.
MSC: PICKUP
85. Which of the following is not a criticism of functionalism?

a. Functionalism is inherently conservative, given its emphasis on stability.
b. Functionalism understates the roles of power and conflict in society.
c. It states that inequality is necessary for the equitable distribution of societal
resources.
d. Functionalism overstates the role of individual behavior in social change.
MSC: NEW
18
86. Critics of functionalism argue that it:
a. fails to emphasize the fact that society’s component parts work together as a whole
system
b. places too much emphasis on social stability, and overlooks the roles of power and
conflict in society
c. is too microsociological in its approach
d. all of the above
MSC: PICKUP
87. Conflict theory originated in the work of _____.

a. Karl Marx
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Robert Parks
d. Max Weber
MSC: PICKUP
88. Conflict theory emphasizes

a. a person or group’s ability to exercise influence and control over others.
b. the significance of consensus in maintaining social order.
c. the benefits of dysfunctions that cause social change.
d. the significance of face-to-face interactions.
MSC: PICKUP
89. According to conflict theorists, social order in society is maintained by

a. a shared system of beliefs.
b. a shared system of values.
c. domination by the powerful.
d. social consensus.
MSC: PICKUP
90. Which of the following is not one of the arguments of conflict theory?
a. inequality exists because those with wealth work to defend their advantages
b. society is fragmented into groups that compete for social and economic resources
c. social order is maintained by consensus and interdependence
d. the dominant groups shape the beliefs of others through control of public
information
ANS: C REF: 18-19 OBJ: 7 TOP: Conceptual
MSC: PICKUP
19
91. A criticism of _____ is that it understates the cohesion and stability found in society.
a. functionalism
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interaction theory
d. exchange theory
MSC: PICKUP
92. Functionalist theorists and conflict theorists both share the belief that
a. all parts of society work together.
b. social behavior originates in the structure of society.
c. theory should focus on interpersonal, face-to-face interaction.
d. power and exploitation are the basis for order in society.
MSC: PICKUP
93. In what way does symbolic interaction theory differ from conflict theory and functionalism?
a. Conflict theory and functionalism are theoretical frameworks and symbolic
interactionism is not.
b. Conflict theory and functionalism focus on immediate social interaction and
symbolic interactionism does not.
c. Symbolic interactionism does not examine society in terms of its abstract
institutions, and conflict and functionalist theory do.
d. Symbolic interactionism is a macro-level approach; conflict theory and
functionalism are not.
MSC: MODIFIED
94. The Thomas dictum states that people behave according to what they believe to be real, not
necessarily what is objectively true. This principle is fundamental to which type of
sociological theory?
a. symbolic interactionism
b. conflict theory
c. functionalism
d. feminism
MSC: PICKUP
20
95. “Society is socially constructed through human interpretation.” This statement is most closely
associated with:
a. conflict theory
b. functionalism
c. social interaction
d. social exchange
MSC: PICKUP
96. Symbolic interactionists view _____ as the primary motivation for human behavior.
a. whether or not action is functional
b. struggles for social and economic resources
c. achieving social solidarity
d. people’s definition of the situation
MSC: PICKUP
97. According to feminist theory, prior to _____, women were largely absent from sociological
research.
a. the Industrial Revolution
b. the Civil War
c. the second wave of feminism
d. World War II
MSC: NEW
98. Feminist theory is a type of contemporary theory that does not

a. analyze the status of men and women in society.
b. have the goal of improving women’s lives.
c. provide new ways of seeing the world.
d. see women are more powerful than men.
MSC: MODIFIED
99. “Inequality is inevitable and functional for society.” This statement best represents which
theoretical perspective.
a. Conflict theory
b. Feminism
c. Functionalism
d. Symbolic interactionism
MSC: NEW
21
100. “Individuals are subordinated to society.” This statement best represents which theoretical
perspective.
a. Conflict theory
b. Feminism
c. Functionalism
d. Symbolic interactionism
MSC: NEW
TRUE/FALSE
1. All human behavior occurs within a societal context.
ANS: T REF: 4 OBJ: 2 MSC: PICKUP
2. Sociologists focus on social change and ignore social stability.
ANS: F REF: 4 OBJ: 1 MSC: PICKUP
3. Sociological conclusions are based on careful and systematic observations.
ANS: F REF: 4 OBJ: 1 MSC: NEW
4. From a sociological perspective, concerns with styles and personal appearance are the product
of social forces.
5. Sociologists, like other social scientists, are only interested in unusual or extreme human
behavior.
6. C. Wright Mills defined the sociological imagination as the ability to see individual
experiences within a larger social context.
ANS: T REF: 5 OBJ: 1 MSC: NEW
7. Much of what is presented as common sense in the media and elsewhere in society is often
correct.
ANS: F REF: 4 OBJ: 1 MSC: MODIFIED
8. According to Peter Berger, sociologists question actions and ideas that are typically taken for
granted.
22
9. Sociology began as a discipline in response to the upheaval of World War I.
10. According to Durkheim, the economic organization of society is the most important influence
on what humans think and how they behave.
11. According to Durkheim, examining social facts is the primary purpose of sociology.
12. Marx was primarily interested in the study of capitalism.
13. The conflict perspective emphasizes the consensus and order that exist in society.
14. According to Weber, sociological research should be used to promote political beliefs.
15. Weber believed that people’s behavior could only be understood from the objective position
of the outside observer.
16. The focus of the early American sociologists was solving social problems.
17. Social Darwinists believed that social arrangements, including poverty and inequality, were
natural and inevitable.
18. The early African American and women sociologists, in particular, felt that the study of
society should be combined with social activism.
19. According to functionalists, deviance leads to social change.
20. All functions are positive.
23
21. From a conflict perspective inequality serve a purpose in society by motivating members of
society to achieve more.
22. Both functionalists and conflict theorists see the source of human behavior in the structure of
society.
23. Symbolic interactionists see meaning as constantly modified through social interaction.
24. Sociologists who were part of the Chicago School were primarily interested in how society
shaped people’s identities.
25. All sociological theory may be categorized as functionalist, conflict theory, or symbolic
interactionism.
SHORT ANSWER
1. Explain the statement, “All human behavior occurs in a social context.”
ANS:
Not Given
REF: 4 OBJ: 1 MSC: NEW
2. Define the ‘sociological imagination.’
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
REF: 5 OBJ: 1 MSC: PICKUP
3. Explain what makes sociology an empirical science.
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
24
4. What did Peter Berger mean when he called the process of sociological investigation
“debunking”?
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
5. Explain how the Enlightenment influenced the development of modern sociology.
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
6. What did Durkheim mean by his concept of social facts?
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
7. What does Weber’s concept of verstehen mean?
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
8. According to the text, how was the approach of the early American sociologists different from
the classical European sociologists?
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
9. What is the difference between manifest and latent functions? Give an example.
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
10. What is the major difference between macrosociology and microsociology?
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
25
ESSAY
1. Explain what Mills means by “sociological imagination” and how individual experience
differs from social structure.
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
REF: 5 OBJ: 1 MSC: MODIFIED
2. Explain the concept of debunking within sociology and develop an example. How is
debunking accomplished and how do sociologists achieve the objectivity they need in order
to debunk common sense understandings of social life?
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
3. Explain how diversity serves as a central theme in sociology today.
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
REF: 9-11 OBJ: 3 MSC: MODIFIED
4. Compare and contrast functionalism and conflict theory. Note the distinctive features of each
as well as common criticisms of each paradigm.
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
REF: 16-19 OBJ: 7 MSC: PICKUP
5. Explain how symbolic interactionism differs from functionalism and conflict theory. Define
the symbolic interactionist perspective view of human behavior. Be sure to include a
definition of the Thomas Theorem and its relevance for symbolic interactionism in your
response.
ANS:
NOT GIVEN
REF: 19-20 OBJ: 7 MSC: PICKUP
26
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brother coming up. I rang and knocked and kept them talking as long
as possible. Then when they opened the door I slipped away, but I
heard your footsteps and realized that you had got out by the back
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remembering your arrangement about throwing away the tracing, I
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down by one of them—and that you were seriously injured. He said
you were conscious and had given him my address and were calling
for me. I went down to find Blessington driving a car, though I didn’t
know then it was Blessington. As soon as we started Sime held a
chloroformed cloth over my mouth, and I don’t remember much more
till we were on the L’Escaut.”
“But how did Sime find your rooms?”
“Through Susan. Susan told me all about it afterwards. She went
out after James and saw me climbing over the wall with the tracing.
She followed me to my rooms and immediately telephoned to Sime.
When Sime called she was with him, and while I changed my coat
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week in any case, but this business upset their plans and they
decided to start immediately. Dangle went on and arranged for the
L’Escaut to leave some days earlier. The rest of us put up at Ghent
till she was ready to sail.” But little further remains to be told. The few
bars of gold still left on the Silurian were soon raised and the two
ships set sail, reaching Chatham some five days later. All the bullion
theoretically belonged to the Crown, but under the special
circumstances a generous division was made whereby twenty-five
per cent was returned to the finders. As Price refused to accept the
whole amount an amicable agreement was come to, whereby
Cheyne, Joan, and Price each received almost one-third, or
£200,000 apiece. Of the balance of over £20,000, £10,000 was
given to Susan Dangle by Joan’s imperative directions. She said that
Susan was not a bad girl and had turned up trumps during the
trouble on the L’Escaut. £1,000 went to Inspector French—also
Joan’s gift, and the remainder was divided among the officers and
men of the Admiralty salvage boat.
A few days after landing Maxwell Cheyne and Joan Merrill had
occasion to pay a short visit to the church of St. Margaret’s in the
Fields, after which Cheyne whirled his wife away to Devonshire, so
that she might make the acquaintance of his family and see the
country where began that strange series of events which in the
beginning of the story I alluded to as The Cheyne Mystery.
Transcriber’s Note
This transcription follows the text of the Penguin Books edition
published in 1978. The following alterations have been made to
correct what are believed to be unambiguous printer’s errors.
Five erroneous quotation marks have been repaired.

“desparate” has been changed to “desperate” (Ch. II).
“wondered it he” has been changed to “wondered if he” (Ch. II).
“Chayne” has been changed to “Cheyne” (Chs. IX and X).
“Walting Street” has been changed to “Watling Street” (Ch. X).
“noncommital” has been changed to “noncommittal” (Ch. XIV).
“pessmist” has been changed to “pessimist” (Ch. XV).
“Sargeant” has been changed to “Sergeant” (Ch. XVI).
“similiar” has been changed to “similar” (Ch. XVII).
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CHEYNE
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10. According to Mills, the specific task of sociology is to

14. Sociologists believe that persistent problems in the U.S. are

17. Peter Berger’s concept of debunking refers to

24. What is the sociological approach to diversity in society?

27. Within sociology, the concept of diversity

29. Sociology first emerged as a discipline in _____.

33. August Comte is known for:

34. Positivism refers to

42. According to Emile Durkheim

43. _____ work is the basis for conflict theory.

48. Marx’s work was devoted to explaining

49. According to Marx, capitalism is based on

54. Marx’s perspective of society argued that

58. An important concept in Weber’s sociology is verstehen which refers to:

59. Weber defined verstehen as _____.

62. The organic metaphor refers to

63. According to Social Darwinists

64. Social Darwinists believed that

72. What is the purpose of sociological theory?

80. Functionalism emphasizes all of the following except

82. Robert Merton suggested that human behavior has _____.

83. Merton called the unintended consequences of behavior _____.

84. From a functionalist perspective, unequal distribution of resources

85. Which of the following is not a criticism of functionalism?

87. Conflict theory originated in the work of _____.

88. Conflict theory emphasizes

89. According to conflict theorists, social order in society is maintained by

98. Feminist theory is a type of contemporary theory that does not

1. All human behavior occurs within a societal context.

ANS: T REF: 4 OBJ: 2 MSC: PICKUP

2. Sociologists focus on social change and ignore social stability.

ANS: F REF: 4 OBJ: 1 MSC: PICKUP

3. Sociological conclusions are based on careful and systematic observations.

ANS: F REF: 4 OBJ: 1 MSC: NEW

ANS: T REF: 5 OBJ: 1 MSC: PICKUP

ANS: F REF: 5 OBJ: 1 MSC: PICKUP

ANS: T REF: 5 OBJ: 1 MSC: NEW

ANS: F REF: 4 OBJ: 1 MSC: MODIFIED

ANS: T REF: 7 OBJ: 2 MSC: NEW

ANS: F REF: 12 OBJ: 5 MSC: PICKUP

ANS: F REF: 13 OBJ: 5 MSC: PICKUP

ANS: T REF: 14 OBJ: 5 MSC: PICKUP

12. Marx was primarily interested in the study of capitalism.

ANS: T REF: 14 OBJ: 5 MSC: PICKUP

ANS: F REF: 18 OBJ: 5 MSC: PICKUP

ANS: F REF: 15 OBJ: 5 MSC: PICKUP

ANS: F REF: 15 OBJ: 5 MSC: PICKUP

ANS: T REF: 15 OBJ: 5 MSC: PICKUP