WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA

G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC

NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

FCRGPDC: PG]D]RGKMDC BG FCRGPDCAG] 3

BHMGKRG: FI. DKI. PDMOCPB D^CK PCFDPGZ \CAFC
CAWFKH: CANHK]H G]RPCBC GBWCPBH NPCKMD]MH NGMOC: 7 BG KH^DGF@PG BGA 0<03

RCPGC #0 G]NWGPZH KHPFCA T MHPRCKRG

Pgshavgr ahs prh`agfcs nukbcfgktcags

 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

N3->. Bgtgrfdkg ac nugrzc khrfca dktgrkc, ac nugrzc mhrtcktg y ga fhfgkth nagxdhkcktg gk ga

pukth M bg ac vdic.
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA
 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

N3-4. Bgtgrfdkg ga gsnugrzh khrfca prhfgbdh bgscrrhaacbh sh`rg ac sgmmdýk trcksvgrsca.

Bd`ujg ac bdstrd`umdýk bga gsnugrzh khrfca sh`rg ac sgmmdýk
sg mmdýk trcksvgrsca.

N3-33. Bgtgrfdkg ga gsnugrzh khrfca prhfgbdh bgscrrhaacbh gk ahs pukths C, @ y M. Ga bdãfgtrh

bg mcbc sgifgkth sg dkbdmc gk ac ndiurc.
 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

3-=3. Ac mhaufkc gstã shfgtdbc c ukc nugrzc cxdca bg ? eK, ac muca sg cpadmc c trcväs bga
mgktrhdbg bga ãrgc bg ac sgmmdýk trcksvgrsca. Bgtgrfdkg ga gsnugrzh khrfca prhfgbdh qug cmtúc
gk ac sgmmdýk c-c. Fugstrg gstc bdstrd`umdýk bga gsnugrzh cmtuckbh sh`rg ga ãrgc bg ac sgmmd
sgmmdýk
ýk
trcksvgrsca.

3-=7. Mcbc ukc bg acs `crrcs bg ac crfcburc tdgkg uk ãrgc bg

sgmmdýk trcksvgrsca bg 3.07 puai0. Bgtgrfdkg ga gsnugrzh
khrfca prhfgbdh gk mcbc gagfgkth bg`dbh c ac mcric \ 6 ?
edp. Bgtgrfdkg sd ga gsnugrzh gs bg tgksdýk h bg mhfprgsdýk.
 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

3-=4. ]d ga `ahqug gstã shfgtdbh c ukc nugrzc

mgktrcafgktg cpadmcbc bg ><< eK, bgtgrfdkg ga
gsnugrzh khrfca prhfgbdh gk ga fctgrdca. Fugstrg ga
gsnugrzh cmtuckbh sh`rg uk gagfgkth bdngrgkmdca bg
vhaufgk bga fctgrdca.

3-2=. Pgsugavc ga prh`agfc

3-20 suphkdgkbh qug ahs
pcscbhrgs B y G gstãk
shfgtdbhs c mhrtcktg
sdfpag.
 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

3-29. Bgtgrfdkg ga gsnugrzh mhrtcktg prhfgbdh bgscrrhaacbh gk ahs pcscbhrgs C y

@ bg ac tgkczc adsc qug shstdgkg c uk trhkmh mhk ukc fcsc bg = Fi. Mcbc pcscbhr
tdgkg uk bdãfgtrh bg 07 ff y gstã shfgtdbh c mhrtcktg bh`ag.

3-73. Burcktg uk gkscyh bg tgksdýk, ac prh`gtc bg fcbgrc sg shfgtg c uk

gsnugrzh khrfca prhfgbdh bg 0 esd. Bgtgrfdkg ac nugrzc cxdca \ cpadmcbc c ac
prh`gtc. Cbgfãs, gkmugktrg ga gsnugrzh mhrtcktg prhfgbdh bgscrrhaacbh c ah
acrih bg ac sgmmdýk c-c bg ac prh`gtc.
 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

3-77. Mcbc ukc bg acs vcrdaacs C@ y @M tdgkg uk bdãfgtrh bg 7 ff. ]d sg cpadmc ukc
mcric bg \ 6 0 eK sh`rg ga ckdaah, bgtgrfdkg ga gsnugrzh khrfca prhfgbdh gk mcbc
vcrdaac sd u 6 ><¼

3-74. Ac juktc c thpg mucbrcbc y c`dgrtc sg usc pcrc trcksngrdr ukc

nugrzc bg 7< edp bg ukc pacmc c ac htrc. Bgtgrfdkg ahs gsnugrzhs khrfca
prhfgbdh y mhrtcktg prhfgbdh qug mrgc gstc mcric sh`rg ac mcrc bg ac
shabcburc, sgmmdýk C@.
 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

3->=. Pgsugavc ga prh`agfc 3->0 pcrc ga pcscbhr @. Ga pcscbhr gstã shfgtdbh c mhrtcktg bh`ag
y tdgkg uk bdãfgtrh bg <.0 puai.

3->9. Ac `crrc prdsfãtdmc tdgkg uk ãrgc bg sgmmdýk trcksvgrsca

C. ]d sg shfgtg c ukc mcric cxdca bdstrd`udbc qug cufgktc
adkgcafgktg bgsbg w < gk x < ocstc  6 < pcrc
6 6

x6 c y augih bdsfdkuyg adkgcafgktg ocstc w 6 < gk x 0c,

6

bgtgrfdkg ga gsnugrzh khrfca prhfgbdh gk ac `crrc mhfh

ukc nukmdýk bg x pcrc < ≢  1  .
 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

3-93. Bgtgrfdkg ga gsnugrzh khrfca prhfgbdh gk ac sgmmdýk c-c y ga

gsnugrzh mhrtcktg prhfgbdh gk ac sgmmdýk `-` bga gagfgkth C@. Ac
sgmmdýk trcksvgrsca gs mucbrcbc mhk <.7 puai phr acbh.
 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

3-97. Ac juktc sg fcktdgkg sujgtc fgbdcktg bhs pgrkhs.

Bgtgrfdkg ga bdãfgtrh rgqugrdbh bg ahs pgrkhs sd ga
gsnugrzh mhrtcktg bg ncaac pcrc äsths gs tncaac 6 =7<
=7 < F\c.
Wsg uk ncmthr bg sgiurdbcb pcrc mhrtcktg N.]. 6 0.7.

3-94. Ac crtdmuacmdýk sg utdadzc pcrc trcksfdtdr uk fhfgkth bg thrsdýk

R 6 = eK # f. Bgtgrfdkg ga bdãfgtrh fækdfh rgqugrdbh bga pcscbhr
mhrtc`ag C sd gstã ogmoh bg uk fctgrdca mhk gsnugrzh mhrtcktg bg ncaac
bg tncaac 6 37< F\c. Cpadqug uk ncmthr bg sgiurdbcb bg = mhktrc ac
ncaac.
 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

3-?2. Ga gkscf`ag mhkstc bg trgs bdsmhs C, @ y M qug sg usck pcrc shphrtcr ac mcric bg 32< eK.
Bgtgrfdkg ga bdãfgtrh fãs pgqugóh b3 bga bdsmh supgrdhr, ga bdãfgtrh
bd ãfgtrh b0 bgktrh bga gspcmdh
bg cphyh y ga bdãfgtrh b= bga
b ga ciujgrh gk ga bdsmh
bd smh dkngrdhr. Ga gsnugrzh mhrtcktg pgrfdsd`ag pcrc
ga fctgrdca gs (spgrf)` 6 =7< F\c y ga gsnugrzh mhrtcktg pgrfdsd`ag gs tpgrf 6 307 F\c.
 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

3-??. Ga `cstdbhr gstã shfgtdbh c ukc mcric bg 2 eK qug cmtúc sh`rg ga

gagfgkth C@B gk B. Bgtgrfdkg ga bdãfgtrh rgqugrdbh bg ahs pgrkhs gk
B y M sd ga gsnugrzh mhrtcktg pgrfdsd`ag pcrc ga fctgrdca gs tpgrf 6 2<
F\c. Ga pcscbhr M gstã shfgtdbh c mhrtcktg bh`ag fdgktrcs qug ga
pcscbhr B gstã shfgtdbh c mhrtcktg sdfpag.
 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

3-40. Ac vdic mhfpugstc bg fcbgrc sg fcktdgkg sujgtc fgbdcktg uk pgrkh gk @. ]d sg suphkg

qug acs mhkgxdhkgs gk C, @, M y B sýah gjgrmgk nugrzcs vgrtdmcags sh`rg ac vdic, bgtgrfdkg ga
bdãfgtrh rgqugrdbh bga pgrkh gk @ y ga bdãfgtrh
bd ãfgtrh gxtgrdhr rgqugrdbh bg sus rhkbckcs sd ga
gsnugrzh bg tgksdýk pgrfdsd`ag pcrc ga pgrkh gs (st)pgrf 6 37< F\c y ga gsnugrzh bg
cpacstcfdgkth pgrfdsd`ag pcrc ac fcbgrc gs (s`)pgrf 6 0? F\c. ]uphkic qug ga hrdndmdh bg acs
rhkbckcs tdgkg ga fdsfh bdãfgtrh qug ga pgrkh.

3-4>. ]d ga gsnugrzh bg cpacstcfdgkth pgrfdsd`ag pcrc ga

fctgrdca qug sg gkmugktrc `cjh ahs shphrtgs gk C y @ gs
(s`)pgrf 6 3.7 F\c, bgtgrfdkg ac mcric fãxdfc \ qug
pugbg cpadmcrsg c ac vdic. Acs pacmcs bg cphyh C— y @—
tdgkgk sgmmdhkgs trcksvgrscags mucbrcbcs bg 37< ff *

37< ff y 07< ff * 07< ff, rgspgmtdvcfgktg.

 G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA

3-3<<. Ga shphrtg sg shstdgkg fgbdcktg uk pcscbhr rgmtckiuacr. Bgtgrfdkg ga gspgshr

rgqugrdbh t bga shphrtg, y acs bdfgksdhkgs kgmgscrdcs c y ` sd ac mcric suspgkbdbc gs \ 6 >< eK.
Ga gsnugrzh bg tgksdýk pgrfdsd`ag gs (st)pgrf 6 37< F\c, ga gsnugrzh bg cpacstcfdgkth
pgrfdsd`ag gs (s`)pgrf 6 04< F\c y ga gsnugrzh mhrtcktg pgrfdsd`ag gs tpgrf 6 307 F\c.
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA
WKD^GP]DBCB G]RCRCA
G]RCRCA \GKDK]WAC BG ]CKRC GAGKC
NCMWARCB BG MDGKMDC] BG AC DKIGKDGPDC
MCPPGPC BG DKIGKDGPDC MD^DA