HTML

1. What is a marquee in HTML?

Marquee is used for scrolling text on a web page. It scrolls the image or text
up, down, left, or right automatically. To apply for a marquee, you have to use
</marquee> tags.

2. How do you align list elements in an HTML file?

We can align the list elements in an HTML file by using indents. If you indent
each nested list further than the parent list, you can easily align and determine
the various lists and the elements that it contains.

3. Are the HTML tags and elements the same thing?

No, HTML tags are used to define the structure of a web page, while HTML
elements are made up of a set of tags that define a specific part of a web page.

4. What are void elements in HTML?

Void elements in HTML are tags that do not require a closing tag. They are
used to insert images, line breaks, and other content that does not require
additional information.

5. What are HTML Entities?

HTML Entities are special characters used to represent characters that cannot
be typed on a keyboard. They are often used to display special symbols and
foreign characters.

CSS
1. What is the box model in CSS?
Answer: The CSS box model is a rectangular layout model for HTML
elements. It consists of content, padding, border, and margin.

2. Explain the difference between margin and padding.

Answer: Margin is the space outside the border, while padding is the space
inside the border of an element.

3. What is the importance of the z-index property in CSS?

Answer: The z-index property controls the stacking order of positioned
elements. It is crucial for managing the visibility and overlap of elements on a
webpage.

4. What is the purpose of media queries in CSS?

Answer: Media queries in CSS are used to apply different styles for different
devices or screen sizes. They allow for responsive web design.

5. What is the difference between display: block, display: inline, and

display: inline-block?
Answer:
display: block makes an element a block-level element, taking up the full
width available.
display: inline makes an element an inline-level element, only taking up as
much width as necessary.
display: inline-block makes an element an inline-level block container,
allowing it to have block-like properties while flowing like an inline element.

6. Explain the concept of CSS sprites.

Answer: CSS sprites are a technique where multiple images are combined into
a single image. By using background position, different parts of the combined
image can be displayed for various elements, reducing the number of server
requests and improving page load times.

7. What is the "box-sizing" property in CSS?

Answer: The box-sizing property is used to control how the sizing of an
element is calculated. The default is content-box, but you can set it to
border-box to include padding and border in the element's total width and
height.

8. What is the purpose of the "clearfix" hack in CSS?

Answer: The clearfix hack is used to clear floats and ensure that a container
wraps around its floated child elements properly, preventing layout issues.

9. Explain the difference between "em" and "rem" units in CSS.

Answer: Both "em" and "rem" are relative units in CSS. However, "em" is
relative to its parent's font size, while "rem" is relative to the root (html) font
size.

10. What is the CSS pseudo-class and give an example?

Answer: Pseudo-classes are used to define a special state of an element.
Example:: hover is a pseudo-class that selects and styles an element when the
user hovers over it.

11. How does the "flexbox" layout differ from the "grid" layout in CSS?
Answer: Flexbox is designed for one-dimensional layouts, either as a row or a
column, while Grid is designed for two-dimensional layouts, allowing you to
create both rows and columns simultaneously.
 12. Explain the concept of CSS pre-processors and provide examples.
Answer: CSS pre-processors like Sass and Less extend the functionality of CSS
by adding features like variables, nesting, and mixins. Developers write code
using these features, and the pre-processor translates it into standard CSS.

13. What is the difference between absolute and relative positioning in

CSS?
Answer: Absolute positioning concerns the nearest positioned ancestor (an
ancestor with a position other than static) or the initial containing block if
there is no positioned ancestor. Relative positioning is relative to the
element's normal position in the document flow.

14. Explain the concept of specificity in CSS.

Answer: Specificity in CSS determines which style rule is applied when there
are conflicting rules. It is based on the combination of selectors, IDs, and
classes. The more specific a selector, the higher its specificity.

15. What is the purpose of the "transition" property in CSS?

Answer: The transition property in CSS is used to control the smooth
transition of property values over a specified duration. It is commonly used for
creating smooth animations or effects when a property changes.

Javascript

1. What is JavaScript?
Answer: JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language that is
primarily used for client-side web development. It allows developers to create
dynamic and interactive web pages.

2. Explain the difference between null and undefined in JavaScript.

Answer: null is an assignment value that represents no value or no object, while
undefined is a variable that has been declared but not assigned a value.

3. What is the difference between let, const, and var in variable declaration?
Answer: let and const are block-scoped, while var is function-scoped. const is used
for constants, and let for variables whose values can change.

4. Explain the concept of closures in JavaScript.

Answer: Closures allow functions to access variables from an outer function even
after that function has finished executing. They "remember" the environment in
which they were created.
 5. What is the event loop in JavaScript?
Answer: The event loop is a mechanism that allows JavaScript to handle
asynchronous operations. It continuously checks the message queue and executes the
next message or event in line.

6. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous code in

JavaScript?
Answer: Synchronous code executes in sequence, blocking further execution until the
current operation is completed. Asynchronous code allows operations to be
performed concurrently, and the result is handled later through callbacks or
promises.

7. Explain the concept of promises in JavaScript.

Answer: Promises are objects representing the eventual completion or failure of an
asynchronous operation. They provide a cleaner way to handle asynchronous code
compared to callbacks.

8. What is the purpose of the this keyword in JavaScript?

Answer: The this keyword refers to the object it belongs to. Its value is determined by
how a function is called and can be affected by the calling context.

9. What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript?

Answer: == is the equality operator that performs type coercion if the operands are
of different types, while === is the strict equality operator that checks both value and
type without coercion.

10. Explain the concept of hoisting in JavaScript.

Answer: Hoisting is a JavaScript behavior where variable and function declarations
are moved to the top of their containing scope during compilation, allowing them to
be used before they are declared.

11. What is the difference between let and const in terms of reassignment?
Answer: let allows reassignment of the variable's value, while const does not. Once a
value is assigned to a const variable, it cannot be changed.

12. What is the purpose of the map function in JavaScript?

Answer: The map function is used to create a new array by applying a provided
function to each element of an existing array.

13. Explain the difference between arrow functions and regular functions in
JavaScript.
Answer: Arrow functions have a shorter syntax, do not bind their own this, and
cannot be used as constructors, whereas regular functions have a more extensive
syntax and bind their own this.
 14. What is the purpose of the localStorage and sessionStorage objects in
JavaScript?
Answer: localStorage and sessionStorage provide a way to store key-value pairs
locally in a user's browser. localStorage persists even when the browser is closed and
reopened, while sessionStorage persists only for the duration of a page session.

15. What is the purpose of the async and await keywords in JavaScript?
Answer: async is used to declare an asynchronous function, and await is used to
pause the execution of the function until the Promise is settled, returning the
resolved value.

16. Explain the concept of prototypal inheritance in JavaScript.

Answer: In JavaScript, objects can inherit properties and methods from other objects
through a prototype chain. Each object has a prototype object, and the chain
continues until an object with a null prototype is reached.

17. What is the purpose of the try, catch, and finally blocks in JavaScript?
Answer: The try block allows you to define a block of code to be tested for errors, the
catch block allows you to handle the error, and the finally block allows you to execute
code, regardless of the outcome of the try block.

18. How does the event delegation work in JavaScript?

Answer: Event delegation is a technique where a single parent element is used to
manage events for all of its children. Instead of attaching an event listener to each
child element, the parent element listens for events and delegates the handling to the
appropriate child.

19. What is the purpose of the fetch API in JavaScript?

Answer: The fetch API is used to make HTTP requests and handle responses. It
provides a more powerful and flexible way to work with HTTP compared to
traditional methods like XMLHttpRequest.

20.Explain the concept of the same-origin policy in JavaScript.

Answer: The same-origin policy is a security measure that restricts web pages from
making requests to a domain different from the one that served the web page. This
helps prevent malicious activities, such as cross-site request forgery and data theft.