The study employed a non-experimental research design within a developmental framework,

focusing on observations, investigations, and descriptive measurements. This approach excluded

multiple waves of measurements and relied on verbal descriptions and interpretations of
manipulated data. Generalizations were made based on specific qualitative and quantitative data
collected. The analysis and interpretation of data centered on both the process and the final
output of the study, aligning with the descriptive nature of the research.

The study employs a cross-sectional research design to investigate the development of inquiry-
based learning activities for understanding plant and animal cells among grade 7 students. This
design allows for the collection of data from a single point in time, offering a snapshot of
students' current understanding and engagement with the learning activities. Data will be
gathered through surveys, assessments, and observations conducted simultaneously across
multiple classrooms. By examining students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding plant and
animal cells at one specific moment, the study aims to identify any patterns, trends, or
correlations among variables. Analysis will involve both qualitative methods, such as thematic
analysis of open-ended responses, and quantitative techniques, including statistical analysis of
survey data. Findings will contribute to the refinement and optimization of inquiry-based
learning activities tailored to the needs of grade 7 students in comprehending plant and animal
cells.