COLLEGE OFENGINEERING SCHOOL OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING

ECM578 GROUPPROJECT

PROJEK MEMBINA JALAN BARU DARI POS

TENAU,DAERAH MUALLIM, PERAK KE POS
LABU/SENDERUT, DAERAH KUALA LIPIS, PAHANG.

LECTURER : DR NUR IZZATI AB RANI

CLASS:EC2208K1

GROUP:7

MEMBERS:

NO. NAME MATRIX ID

1 MUHAMMAD AIMI AFIF BIN MOHD FADZIL 2021106093

2 MUHAMMAD AMAR BIN RUSMANI 2021121641

3 MUHAMMAD HILMI BIN MOHD RAZALI 2021504931

4 AMIERA IRIEKA BINTI ROHADI 2021958543

 Table Of Content

Table Of Content 2
Introduction 3

Task 1

a) Selection case study from a real-life project (selection of casestudy which occurred 4
3 years back) and identifythe parties involved inthisproject anddescribe their 4

responsibilities towards the performance of the selected case study. (25marks) 4

b) Identify the inspection activities related to theconstruction work and the quality 6

Assurance implemented in the selected case study. (25 marks)

Task 2 6
a) Discover performance deficiencies of the contractors throughout the construction
progressin the case study. (25 marks) 7
b) Demonstratethe corrective action as the considerations to improvethe 8

performance of selectedcase studytowards SDGs (25 marks) 8

Conclusion 9
References 10
Appendices 11

2
Introduction

The Ministry of Rural and Regional Development has spearheaded the "Construction of a
New Road from Pos Tenau, Muallim District, Perak to Pos Labu/Senderut, Kuala Lipis District,
Pahang," a project that is ready to provide road infrastructure facilities to minority communities to
form a group a more advanced and modern society. This public 16.9 km long road project is led by
the Director of Perak State Public Works Department, Casa Hartamas Sdn. Bhd. as a design and
build contractor, while IRZI Consultants and WAW MDP Services Sdn. Bhd. providing specialist
consultancy in civil and structural engineering and material surveying, respectively. This RM
161,500,000.00 project, which was launched on 21 October 2022, is expected to be completed by
20 October 2026, covering a contract period of 48 months.

There are a few objectives for this new road project. Firstly, providing road infrastructure
facilities to facilitate minority communities to form a more advanced and modern society. Next,
being able to connect cities or towns to Orang Asli's settlement areas with a closer and safer
distance. Then, to provide facilities for the Orang Asli to go out and in from the village to the urban
area. Lastly, to improve the economic and social status of the Orang Asli. Hence, this project will
benefit the Orang Asli community at Pos Tenau and Pos Senderut by providing new road
infrastructure facilities as long as 16.9 km to replace the connecting road that is used now on foot
through soil and hilly roads.

The current project progress status until November 2023 for physical progress ending
on 4 December 2023; schedule = 6.40% , actual progress = 7.37% , variance =
+0.97% while for financial progress ending on 4 December 2023 ; schedule = 7.94%, actual
progress = 9.14%, variance = +1.20% and the cumulative value of the work carried out is RM
14,757,811.91.

Figure 1: Sitelayout of 16.9 km of newroad construction from Pos Tenau, Muallim District, Perak to
Pos Senderut, Kuala Lipis District, Pahang.

Profile of respondent:
Name : Ts. Mohd Zaen bin Mohd Zahid
Position: CivilEngineer (J41), Perak Federal Project Team (PPPNP), Perak PWD Years of
Experience: 23 years

3
1a) Select a case study from a real-life project (selection of case studywhich occurred 3
years back) and identify the parties involved inthis project and describe their
responsibilities towards the performance of the selected case study. (25 marks)

● Client - MINISTRYOF RURAL AND REGIONALDEVELOPMENT

In line with the construction of a new road from Pos Tenau, Muallim District, Perak
to Pos Labu/Senderut, Kuala Lipis District, Pahang, the Ministry of Rural and Regional
Development plays a crucial role in the planning and execution of new road construction
projects in the areas. They oversee the full project lifetime, from infrastructure planning to
completion. The ministry conducts feasibility studies to determine whether additional
roads are needed depending on population growth and economic development. They
also distribute resources, manage budgets and collaborate with government agencies
and local governments. Road construction projects must comply with the regulations.
The ministry ensures transparent and fair contracts and procurement. Roads are quality-
controlled to guarantee longevity and safety. Community involvement is crucial to include
local communities and stakeholders in decision-making and communicate project
benefits and progress. The ministry also handles maintenance and environmental
issues including erosion management and animal protection other than promoting
sustainable infrastructure development in rural regions in multiple ways.

● Operator-JABATAN KERJARAYA(JKR) DIRECTOR OF PERAK STATE

Malaysia's public works agency, Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR), plays a key role in
this new road development. JKR plans and designs projects systematically, performing
feasibility studies and creating precise engineering drawings. The agency manages
road construction projects from resource allocation until timely, budget-compliant
completion. JKR offers fair and transparent contract management for services, materials
and construction enterprises. To ensure infrastructure safety and longevity, JKR sets and
enforces strict quality requirements. JKR also obtains permissions and permits by
national legislation and industry standards. The budgeting and financial management
department prioritizes cost-effectiveness and money utilization. JKR uses technology to
improve construction and adopts ecologically friendly practices to handle erosion control
and environmental requirements. They also plan and implement road maintenance
procedures to maintain functioning and safety after construction. JKR is essential to
managing new road building projects holistically, ensuring infrastructure excellence that
satisfies regulatory and community objectives.

● Contractor- CASA HARTAMAS SDN BHD

Contractors play several roles in these new road building projects, ensuring their
success. They aid project planning and design evaluations from the start, revealing
construction functionality. Cost estimates and competitive bidding by contractors based
on accurate cost evaluations are their responsibilities. After winning a contract, they will
allocate people, equipment and supplies to complete projects efficiently. Contractors
carefully coordinate work, conduct quality control and comply with safety laws to
safeguard workers and the public. They work diligently to meet project deadlines and
avoid delays. Throughout construction, clients, architects, engineers and subcontractors
must communicate and collaborate. The contractor must also get licenses, comply with
regulations and consider the environment. Daily logs and progress updates enhance
project accountability and conflict settlement. Contractors handle handover, resolving
difficulties, completing punch lists and delivering paperwork for a successful project. For
new road construction projects to

4
 succeed, theymust combine technical competence,project management skills and a
dedication to quality, safety and compliance.

● C&S Consultant – PERUNDING IRZI SDN BHD

Civil and Structural (C&S) Consultants help build these new roads at different
phases. Geological and environmental site evaluations inform feasibility studies. By
working with other engineering disciplines, they provide precise road structural designs
that meet codes, standards and safety criteria. They analyze load-bearing capacity and
stability and create comprehensive models to optimize the designs. According to
structural requirements, environmental factors and project specifications, they also offer
building materials and techniques while working closely with architects and geotechnical
engineers. Ensuring building code, safety and other regulatory compliance is a priority.
Quality control, inspections and on-site monitoring by C&S Consultants ensure that
structural components fulfill authorized designs and safety requirements throughout the
construction. Risk assessment and mitigation, design, calculation and construction
documentation are their duties. In value engineering, C&S Consultants seeks to optimize
costs without compromising structural integrity. In new building projects, their expertise
ensures road structural safety, durability and compliance.

● QSConsultant – WAW MDP SERVICES SDN BHD

By managing cost, finances and contracts, Quantity Surveying (QS) Consultants

help these new road building projects succeed. They carefully assess materials, labour,
equipment and administrative expenses for each project phase from the start. QS
Consultants design and manage budgets with stakeholders, analysing financial
performance against standards. In tendering, they prepare and evaluate bid papers and
suggest vendors based on pricing and qualifications. With experience in contract terms
and conditions, QS Consultants helps negotiate and create contracts. Their role extends
to value engineering, where they evaluate alternatives to identify cost-saving
opportunities without compromising quality. They also closely monitor project expenses
and correct any discrepancies. This includes modification orders, financial risk
assessment and mitigation, progress payments, and reviews. As the project develops,
they prepare and negotiate the final account between the customer and contractor.
Expert views and conflict resolution participation are provided when necessary. QS
Consultants track all project costs and report to stakeholders to provide financial
transparency and responsibility. Overall, their expertise contributes significantly to the
financial success and efficiency of new road construction projects.

Figure 2: Parties Involved in This Project

5
1b) Identify theinspection activities relatedto the constructionwork andthe quality
assurance implemented in the selected case study. (25 marks)

For roads to be long-lasting and efficient, material testing is essential. Essential building
materials such as asphalt, concrete, aggregates, and soil are evaluated and analysed in detail.
The properties, composition, durability, and conformity to standards of key materials are
examined by quality assurance teams in great detail. A battery of rigorous tests, including
compaction evaluations, in-depth gradation analyses, and strength evaluations, are used to
conduct this examination. To ensure the materials utilised are suitable and of high quality, and to
confirm that they meet all project requirements and industry standards, these tests are essential.

In order to guarantee the success of the project, it is crucial to consistently inspect the
building site. Excavation, grading, pavement, and drainage systems are all part of the process
that requires careful supervision. Inspectors keep a close eye on the authorised plans to make
sure they are being carried out according to the specified standards and methodology.
Maintaining the stipulated standards in workmanship and ensuring that construction techniques
match authorised plans are also part of this monitoring. In order to guarantee the road's structural
integrity and operating efficiency, these regular inspections are crucial for making sure the
project is in conformity with established rules and industry best practices.

Other than that, the quality control of pavement layers is also essential during the
construction. Inspecting each layer of the pavement during construction needs to be done for
quality assurance. This involves checking the thickness, compaction, smoothness, and proper
application of each layer, such as the base course, binder course, and wearing course. A
successful pavement design involves many variables, which are the right material selection, the
current climate, and the expected performance of the pavement under different conditions. These
crucial design elements directly affect the overall quality and durability of the pavement. A failed
pavement can lead to a wide range of consequences, such as increased expenses, the need to
organise more resources, damage to one's reputation, an extension of the project's deadline, and
the waste of precious time and effort.

In road construction, the road surface and joint inspection are needed for the quality
assurance. Joints are made to adjust for the natural expansion and contraction of concrete
caused by temperature changes. The inspection must verify the use of the proper joint sealants or
fillers, check for proper joint design and dimensions, and make sure the joints are clean and clear
of debris. In surface inspection, the wearing surface (top layer) of the road is assessed for
smoothness, resistance to skidding, and general quality. Thus, it can improve overall road
performance, travel comfort, and vehicle safety. Visual inspection, which involves observing the
state of the road surface up close, and friction testing, which evaluates skid resistance, are
appropriate techniques.

It is also important to include the traffic control and safety inspections. The primary
objective of safety inspections is to verify that traffic control measures are implemented to
safeguard both the public and employees. Inspections cover things like barricades, safe traffic
flow arrangements, and warning signs. Additionally, inspections are done on worker-used
equipment and safety procedures. This procedure is essential for detecting possible dangers,
improved traffic flow, and increasing road safety in general. Comprehensive plans have been
developed at the commencement of construction to handle specific traffic situations, potential
hazards, and vehicle flow. It is also critical to conduct routine inspections to guarantee that
workers are adhering to established safety procedures and that the construction site complies
with safety regulations.

6
2a) Performance deficiencies of the contractorsthroughout theconstruction progress in
the case study.

● Project Timeline Delays

Project Timeline Delays caused by insufficient access road preparation in the Pahang
region have a significant impact on Soil Investigation (SI) operations, resulting in a significant
performance deficit. Insufficiently prepared access roads prevent the timely starting and
progress of SI tasks, having a significant impact on the overall project timeline. Several factors,
including delayed road construction and access difficulties to the project site, contribute to these
delays, which have a negative impact on the on-time completion of SI activities and possible
obstacles in future project phases. The limited supply of resources presents a significant obstacle
to the contractor’s effective distribution and utilization for the project, which impacts the project's
overall performance and cost-effectiveness. In addition, the complexities of resource allocation
issues may cause delays and compromises in the final product quality, which may have
consequences on the project's success.

● Communication Issues

One of the biggest obstacles to conducting the basic census for the Orang Asli
communities in Pahang is communication. Village chiefs and citizens consider it difficult to
comprehend the approaching census due to unclear information, which limits the communication
of important information regarding its objectives and due dates. The Orang Asli communities'
inability to completely understand the census initiative makes the initiative less successful and
develops mistrust and confusion. In addition to the informational component, there is a lack of
community involvement where the current problems make people less interested and involved.
Insufficient interaction jeopardizes the basic census project's credibility and trust by lowering
community interest and engagement as well as transparency.

● Poor Planning and Coordination

Due to lack of planning and coordination, there are issues with numerous houses within
the road area along the alignment of the road from Pos Tenau to Pos Senderut. A crucial planning
error was exposed when comprehensive surveys were neglected prior to construction, allowing
residential buildings to pile up on the assigned roadways. Zoning laws disobeyed further exposes
coordination issues and failure to obey regulations. Unsatisfactory interactions with locals lead
to dissatisfaction and negatively impact community cooperation and engagement. As a result,
there is discontent and separation among the local community and contractors which may
provoke the anger of the Orang Asli community. The effects go beyond short-term setbacks
where they generate an ongoing cycle of distrust that prevent the adoption and maintenance of
constructive projects.

● Budget Overruns

When actual costs exceed initial budget estimates, possibly as a result of scope changes
or inaccurate cost estimates for particular work where the contractor has to deal with budgetary
overruns in the construction process. Within project management, the contractor faces
significant implications that might threaten their ability to maintain financial stability, cause delays
in the project, or lower the quality of the construction. For the contractor, strict cost control
becomes essential, requiring careful budgeting and modifications to lessen the negative impacts
of overruns. In addition to the obvious financial consequences, these overruns could harm the
contractor's standing in the industry and make it more depressing to the contractors in the
ongoing project, a tarnished reputation in the sector could make it challenging to land new
projects.

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2b) Demonstrate the correctiveaction as the considerations toimprove the
performance of selected case studytowards SDGs (25 marks)

Addressing the issues of project timeline delays due to insufficient access road
preparation in the Pahang region where it gives significant impact on SI operations, it will require a
corrective action plan such as preparation and improvement of access roads. It can be done by
allocating dedicated resources and budget to improve and prioritize access road preparation by
collaborating with local authorities or stakeholder to expedite road construction or repairs
necessary for smooth SI operations. by referring to the clauses or regulations within local
contracts, where it emphasizes the importance of access road preparation for construction
projects. According to the clause 12.2 that has been stated in PWD Form DB (Rev. 1/2010),
contractors shall be entitled to have access to the site before the Date for Possession to access
and possession of the site in order to enable the contractor to commence the necessary works.

Other than that, addressing the second issue that happened during the construction is the
challenges faced in conducting the basic census for the Orang Asli communities in Pahang that
are specifically focusing on communication and community involvement will require a tailored
corrective action plan such as providing a clear communication strategy. They need to develop a
comprehensive communication strategy emphasizing clear culturally sensitive communication
channels that can be understood by the community that lives near the project. This may include
utilizing local languages, engaging community leaders for dissemination and using visual aids or
storytelling methods to convey census objectives and timeline effectively. There are no specific
clauses from any local construction contract and article about the communication issue with the
community at the site, however there is an article that studies about the communication barrier
among foreign workers in construction sites. From study made by Valitherm et. al (2014), the
foreign worker prefers our local supervisor to learn their foreign languages. So back to the
issues, maybe contractor management can learn the Orang Asli language in order to provide
better communication with them.

Furthermore, regarding the issues of lack of planning and coordination issues along the
road alignment from Pos Tenau to the Pos Senderut that especially concerning residential
structures encroaching on the designated roadways will require a strategic corrective action plan
which is by adherence to zoning Laws and regulations. The management of contractors need to
initiate an immediate assessment of zoning violations and non-compliance issues by working
closely with local authorities to rectify zoning discrepancies and ensure adherence to
regulations. This might mean moving or changing some houses or affected structures, so it can fit
better with the road plans. It has been stated at clause 19.1 in PWD Form DB (Rev. 1.0/2010),
where the boundaries of the site shall be determined during the P.D. phase including any levels,
boundary stones and any other points of reference which may be required by the contractor for
the execution of the works.

Last but not least is the issue of addressing the situations where the actual costs exceed
the initial budget estimated during construction that is leading to budgetary overruns and
potential negative impact to the project completion, so a corrective action plan can be outlined by
considering the budget adjustment and scope management for the project. The construction
management can implement rigorous monitoring of project scope changes and associated
costs. They need to adjust the budget accordingly and document any changes made by any
parties to ensure transparency and accountability, where they need to use the change order
procedures that have been outlined in the contract to manage modifications effectively. As stated
in clause 70.0 in PWD Form 203A (Rev 1.0/2010), where no modification, amendment or waiver
of any of the provisions of the contract shall be effective unless made by mutual consent and
made in writing of supplementary agreement and signed by the parties.

8
Conclusion

To summarise, the efficient implementation of road development projects relies on the

effectiveness of contract administration. To guarantee projects are completed punctually,
economically, and in accordance with high-quality criteria, road construction requires a strict
commitment to contractual agreements and thorough monitoring. Contract administration
consists of a variety of duties, including ongoing monitoring, quality control, and dispute
resolution, in addition to initial procurement processes and contract negotiations. By diligently
overseeing these elements, stakeholders in a project can minimize potential hazards, maximize
the use of available resources, and develop an environment of open and honest communication
among all parties involved. In addition to protecting the contracting parties' interests, a well-
managed contract administration process promotes the development of road infrastructure that
is sustainable, long-lasting, and effective, thereby responding to the needs of communities and
enabling profitable growth in the regional and urban areas.

All in all, it is essential that organizations obtain good contracts that will minimize the risk
while ensuring the optimum result of the project through effective contract administration. With
the current competitive and demanding conditions found in information technology projects, it is
very important to prepare contracts with great care and expert assistance. It is equally important
to initiate and follow effective contract administration procedures to ensure the project can be
completed within the expected budget and time. All the conflicts and disputes that might arise
during the construction process need to be minimized to avoid delay and increase of overall cost
of the project. Thus, good contract administration will be fundamental to the effective functioning
of any construction contract.

Eventually, in the sector of road development projects, the importance of precise contract
administration cannot be overstated. Beyond the immediate impact on project timelines, costs,
and quality, effective contract management lays the groundwork for long-term community
development and successful development in cities and regions. The success of these projects is
dependent not only on the development of solid contracts, but also on the consistent application
of strong administration procedures. This includes risk prevention, resource optimization, and
developing a culture of open communication. Contracts must be carefully planned and managed,
especially in the rapidly changing landscape of information technology projects, where
competition is fierce and demands are high. As organizations overcome the complex issues of
construction contracts, comprehensive contract administration plays a critical role in ensuring
not only the achievement of project goals, but also the long-term durability and performance of
the constructed infrastructure.

Moreover, effective contract administration is critical in navigating the changing

environment of construction projects, where technological advances and shifting laws and
regulations introduce new challenges. Contract administration procedures' flexibility and
responsiveness become critical in dealing with unexpected situations and ensuring project
success. This flexibility extends to the constantly changing nature of stakeholder expectations,
environmental concerns, and industry standards. A forward-thinking approach to contract
administration, combined with a commitment to continuous improvement, positions
organizations to not only meet the immediate requirements of a project, but also grow in an
environment of innovation and change. The ongoing importance of good contract administration
procedures in the construction industry highlights their critical role in determining the direction of
profitable and sustainable infrastructure development.

9
References

1. Conditionof Contract for Designand Build Contract PWD FORM DB(Rev. 1/2010).
2. Condition of Contract to be Used Where Bills of Quantities Form part of the Contract PWD
FORM 203A (Rev. 1/2010).
3. Valitherm, A. N. A. N. T. H. A. N., & Rahman, A. (2014). Communication barrier in
Malaysia construction sites. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(1), 1-1

10
Appendices

11
Construction site work

Soil Investigation Work (SI)

12
6.0 Assessment

Assessment is carried out based on the submission of report using a performance criteria matrix designed for this group project as shown below.

ECM 578 CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (RUBRIC) MATRIX ON ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT
Performance Criteria Description of Performance Criteria
Selection of a case Ability to identify parties involved in this project and describe their responsibilities towards project performance
study from real life 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25
project and the Lack of explanation on Some explanation on Detailed explanation on Detailed explanation on Detailed explanation on
inspection of the two (2) different parties two (2) different parties three (3) different parties four (4) different parties more than four (4) parties
construction project involved and lack of involved with a few involved with acceptable involved with detail involved with detail
explanation on their explanations on their explanation on their roles explanation on their roles explanation on their roles
Task 1 (a): roles and roles and and responsibilities and responsibilities and responsibilities
 Identification of responsibilities towards responsibilities towards towards the performance towards the performance towards the performance
parties involved the performance of the the performance of the of the project of the project of the project
project project
(CO2-PO3) (25 marks) Ability to identify the inspection and quality assurance involving stakeholders related to project performance
1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25
Task 1 (b): Very poor explanation Poor explanation on two Adequate explanation on Good evaluation on four Detail evaluation on five
 Identify the inspection on one (1) inspection (2) inspection activities three (3) inspection (4) inspection activities (5) inspection activities
activities the quality activities and quality and quality assurance activities and quality and quality assurance on and quality assurance on
assurance assurance on on contractor’s work assurance on contractor’s work contractor’s work
implemented contractor’s work contractor’s work

(CO2-PO3) (25 marks)

Ability to discover of the potential issues on performance deficiencies related to the inspection of the contractor’s work
Task 2(a): 1-5
 Discover the Very poor explanation
performance on the potential
deficiencies conflicting no issue on
performance
(CO2-PO3) (25 marks) deficiencies by
contractor
Task 2(b): Ability to propose solutions to solve the identified issues (on performance deficiencies) related to corrective action in relation to
 Demonstrate the
corrective action as 1-5
the considerations to Lack of elaboration on
improve the the proposal having
performance no/unacceptable
corrective action and
(CO2-PO3) (25 marks) irrelevant SDGs) and
supported by
references or latest
clause by the local
document contract
6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25
Poor explanation on the Acceptable elaboration Good elaboration on the Detail elaboration on the
potential conflicting one on the potential potential conflicting three potential conflicting four
(1) issue on conflicting two (2) issues (3) issues on performance (4) issues on
performance on performance deficiencies by contractor performance deficiencies
deficiencies by deficiencies by contractor by contractor
contractor
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25
Lack of elaboration on Acceptable elaboration Good elaboration on the Detail elaboration on the
the proposal with on the proposal with an proposal with an proposal with very
solutions (propose innovative solution innovative solution innovative solutions
corrective action related (propose corrective (Propose corrective action (Propose corrective
1 issue) and less action related 2 issues) related 3 issues) and action related 4 issues
relevant SDGs) and quite relevant SDGs) much relevant SDGs) and very relevant SDGs)
supported by supported by references supported by references supported by references
references or latest or latest clause by the or latest clause by the or latest clause by the
clause by the local local document contract local document contract local document contract
document contract