Class: 6 Subject: Science

Unit#5:- Matter As Particles

Quick Review: pg# 53:-

Complete the sentences, using the words in the list below

Solid. Volume. Gas. Matter. Shape. Heat.

1. A Solid has definite shape.
2. A liquid has a definite Volume but takes the shape of a container.
3. Gas spreads throughout the container.
4. Heat makes the particles move faster.
5. Particles of matter pulls other particles towards itself.

Exercise: pg. # 58:-

Circle the correct answer.

1. Air is a matter because: it has mass and occupies space.

2. Which of the following is not a matter? Sound.
3. Which of the following is/are the properties of solid? Both a, b.
4. Study the table below, which of the above matter has been classified wrongly? Air.
5. A plank of wood is hard because: it has a definite shape.

Vocabulary review:-

1. The state in which solid turn into gas directly is called: sublimation.
2. The process by which particles mix and spread through collisions with each other is called:
diffusion.
3. The change of state from liquid to solid is called: freezing.

Observe and answer:-

1. Observe, name and define which process is shown in the image(page 58)
A. Diffusion:- The process by which particles mix and spread through collisions with each other is
called: diffusion.

Recall and Response:- Pg. 59:-

1. Copy and complete using he words below.

Different. Diffusion. Gases. Particles. Mingle. Random.

The kinetic molecular theory states that the particles in liquid and gases are in constant random
motion. When freely moving particles collide, they bounce off each other in different directions. If
the particles are different they get mingle up. This process is called diffusion.

Short Questions:-

Q1:- Give definitions of:

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Class: 6 Subject: Science
a. Diffusion:- The process by which particles mix and spread through collisions with each other is
called diffusion.
b. Condensation:- The process by which a gas particles changing into liquid is called condensation.
c. Evaporation:- The process by which a liqud changing or being changed into a gas is called
evaporation.
d. Sublimation:- The process by which a solid turn into gas directly is called sublimation.

Q2:- Use kinetic molecular modal to answer the following questions:

a. Why are solid so rigid?

Ans:- In a solid, the particles are arranged in a fixed pattern and close together. The forces of
attraction in these particles are strong and cannot be compressed. They do not move around, but
vibrate on the spot so thus the solids are rigid and hard in nature.

b. Why do liquid have a fixed volume, yet they take the shape of their container below their
surface?

Ans:- In a liquid, the particles are close together, so they have a definite volume. However the
particles are not in fixed pattern and can move around freely, so liquid has no definite shape and
takes the shape of their container below their surface.

c. Why gases are easy to compress?

Ans:- In gases, the particles are not in fixed pattern and far apart. Because there is lots of space
between gas molecules. Therefore gases can be easily compressed.

Q3:- use idea about particles to explain why:

a. Why a balloon gets bigger when you blow into it?

Ans:- When we fill air in the balloon , the balloon gets bigger due to the air inside the balloon
occupies a large volume and exert pressure on the balloon.

b. Why solids have a fixed shape?

Ans:- Solids have a fixed shape because there particles are close together and attractive forces
between the particles are very strong. These particles cannot move around, that’s why solids have a
fixed shape.

c. Why you cannot a squeeze a sealed syringe full of water?

Ans:- We cannot squeeze a sealed syringe full of water because water has less compressibility.
When you squeeze it, it has no place to escape.

Q4:- Use the idea of particles to explain the following.

a. Is it possible to smell the perfume a person is wearing from some distance?

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Class: 6 Subject: Science
Ans:- yes it is possible to smell the perfume from some distance because when perfume is released
it quickly changes into vapour. The kinetic energy of gas particles is high and rate of diffusion is also
high. Hence we can smell the perfume sitting several meters away.

b. What will happen to water if you keep on heating it? Why?

Ans:- Evaporation happens when water is heated, it evaporates because when we heat water the
water molecules gain kinetic energy and moves faster. As a result the attractive forces between
molecules break and water convert into gas.

Q5:- A solid melts at 1300C avator and boils at 2200C, so what state is it in 2400C?

Ans:- When solid boils at 2200C, it convert into gas. If heated high enough at 2400C it is found in
vapours state.

Q6:- On heating, iodine crystals form a purple vapour. What is this change called?

Ans:- When iodine crystals are heated. It convert from solid crystal to purple vapour(gas). The
change is called sublimation.

Q7:- A gas can be compressed into a smaller volume by applying pressure. Explain why?

Ans:- In gases, the particles are not in fixed pattern and far apart. Because there is lots of space
between gas molecules. So by applying pressure gases can be compressed into smaller volume.

Q8:- Compare the arrangement of atoms in liquids and gases.

Liquid particles. Gas particles

 Liquid are close together with no regular  Particles in a gas are well separated with
arrangement. no regular arrangement.
 Liquid particles are not easily  Gas particles easily compressible.
compressible.  Gas particles flows easily at high speed
 Liquid particles can move slowly.
Q9:- Relate the compressibility of solids with the arrangement of particles in solids.

Ans:- In solids, the particles are tightly packed and have very little space between them. The
arrangement makes it difficult to compress solids because there is no space for particles to move
closer together.

Q10:- Sketch the movements of particles in solids ,liquids and gases.

Ans:-Page No#52,53.