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  Describe the influence of identity politics on local and national
elections.
 Discuss Howard Zinn and Ray Rafael’s analysis of the traditional
accounts of the Founding.
 Explain the significance of political culture.
 Identify and describe the six major core values of American political
culture.

Overview

Americans boast about their form of government—“for the people, of the people, and by
the people.” Immigrants, it has been broadcasted, flock to this nation for “life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness.” Yet citizens’ participation in their own governance has, for
the most part, been disappointing.

Chapter 1 focused on the changing demographics of the nation and its impact on the
political process. Identity politics is more evident today with the burgeoning Hispanic
population, and the highly visible shift of women’s involvement in politics. This has had
a profound impact on the political landscape, from the elections of local and national
candidates to appointments to the highest court in the land. Political socialization—
educating citizens, residents and guests alike of the six major core values—is necessary
for understanding the true responsibilities of the American citizen.

Political scientists like Seymour Marin Lipset in his book “American Exceptionalism: A
Double-Edged Sword,” has argued that “Americans’ tendency to view society in
idealized terms is a source of both alienation and progress.” For American democracy to
continue being the preferred form of government by citizens around the world, it is
important that this idealization comes closer to realization.

Critical Thinking Questions for Class Discussion

1. How are immigrants of today treated similarly and differently from

immigrants of the past?
2. Should all fifty states have the power to establish their own immigration
policies? Why or why not?
3. What did the poet Walt Whitman mean when he penned the line, “Here is
not merely a nation but a teeming Nation of nations”? Is his sentiment still
true today?
4. Why has the 2010 census been referred to as the most contested in recent
decades?
5. What is the major difference between Hobbes’ and Locke’s views in
regards to individual liberty and government?
 6. How has religious intolerance in the past and present impacted American
society?

Lecture Launcher

1. After winning independence from the British, the leaders of this new nation did
not mimic the type of governing system that they had fought to free themselves
from. Instead, they opted for a democratic form of government “…of the people,
for the people and by the people.” American society is extremely diverse. It has
been referred to by social scientists as both a “melting pot” and a “salad bowl.”
With such conflicting views as to what constitutes American society, the question
that begs an answer is “Is the U.S. form of government responsive to the people
under its jurisdiction?”

In-Class Activities

Recently, U.S. District Court Judge Susan Bolton blocked the portion of the Arizona
immigration law that would require police to determine the status of people they lawfully
stopped and suspected were in the country illegally.

1. Divide the class in half. Have one group develop arguments to support, and the
other group to oppose the police requirement in the law with specific supporting
examples.

Web Links

 www.census.gov/compendia/statab This is “the authoritative and comprehensive

summary of statistics on the social, political, and economic organization of the
United States.”
 www.civicyouth.org The premier clearinghouse for research and analysis on
civic engagement.
 http://www.conginst.org/ A site that provides up-to-date survey data on the
American political culture
 http://www.loc.gov/ The Library of Congress website; it provides access to over
seventy million historical and contemporary U.S. documents.
 http://www.stateline.org/ A University of Richmond/Pew Charitable Trusts site
dedicated to providing citizens with information on major policy issues.
 http://www.tocqueville.org/ Includes biographical and other references to Alex
de Tocqueville and his writings.

Instructor Resources
Dahl, Robert A. Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press,
1989. One of the most prominent political theorists of our era on the assumptions
of democratic theory. The book provides a justification for democracy as a political
ideal by tracing modern democracy’s evolution from the early nineteenth century
to the present.

Domhoff, William G. Who Rules America? Power and Politics, 4th ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 2002. A critical assessment of American government by a leading
proponent of elite theory.

Katz, Michael B., and Mark J. Stern. One Nation Divisible: What America Was and What
It’s Becoming. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006. A penetrating look at
the transformation of American society during the twentieth century.

Lipset, Seymour Martin. American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword. New York:

Norton, 1996. Argues that Americans’ tendency to view society in idealized terms
is a source of both alienation and progress.

Ravitch, Diane and Abigail Thernstrom, eds. The Democracy Reader. New York: Harper
Collins, 1992. The enduring issues of democracy in a collection of documents,
essays, poems, declarations, and speeches.

Stout, Jeffery. Democracy and Tradition. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press,
2004. An analysis of the moral claims associated with democracy.

Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. Voice and Equality: Civic
Volunteerism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
1995. An analysis of how people come to be activists in their communities, what
issues they raise when they participate, and how activists from various demographic
groups differ.

Important Terms

democracy - derived from the Greek, means “authority of the people”

direct democracy - citizens vote on most issues and legislate for themselves
identity politics - the practice of organizing on the basis of one’s ethnic or racial identity,
sex, or sexual orientation to compete for public resources and to influence public
policy
indirect democracy/republic - citizens do not pass laws or make policy; they select policy
makers to make decisions for them
natural rights - are inherent, so they exist as soon as people are born; unalienable, so they
 cannot be taken away by rules; and self-evident, so they can be known to all
political culture - shared body of values and beliefs that shapes perception and attitudes
toward politics and government and in turn influences political behavior
popular sovereignty - rule by the people
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