MIMO Rank2 Optimization Guideline RevA

MIMO Rank2 Optimization Guideline
March 2019
MIMO understanding
▪ Follow UE RI suggestion
▪ Select MCS basing on CQI
▪ May consider other
Schedule ➢ Transmission Mode (TM)
conditions
– TM3, default setting
o Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing
Rank1 (Transmit Diversity)
– Rank1, use for cell edge, with low
SINR
o Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing
Rank2
Measure – Rank2, use for improve
throughput, with high SINR
Report
▪ Measure downlink signal
▪ Calculate CQI and RI
▪ Report CSI
How does UE calculate RI?
Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

How does UE calculate RI
❖ The algorithm is in the UE, ENB can’t affect it. And different chip has
different algorithm.
RI and SINR relation from test log
RI vs SINR
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
RI
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
-15 -13 -11 -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
SINR(dB)
Qualcomm HISI
❖ UE measure the RS from 2 ports, calculate the SINR, also consider the power balance of 2
ports (unbalanced power may affect the signal correlation)
– HISI Chip: if the power difference is more than or equal to 10dB, will consider it
unbalance, then RI will be 1, not 2
– Qualcomm Chip, and others: may use 5~10dB for the unbalanced power.
MIMO Deployments
❖ All outdoor sites deploy ❖ Most of indoor sites don’t

MIMO (2T2R, 2T4R...) have MIMO (only 1T1R)
❖ Only some key buliding
deploy MIMO or partial
MIMO
Parameters setting to achieve MIMO
noOfTxAntennas should be 2
Should have 2 Rfbranch

MIMO related counter
ENB Scheduled Scheduling UE reported Radio Environment
❖ pmRadioTxRankDistr ❖ pmRadioUeRepRankDistr
TOWERID pmRadioTxRankDistr_1 pmRadioTxRankDistr_2 pmRadioTxRankDistr_3 pmRadioTxRankDistr_4 OSLM_TxRank2(TM3) CSLM_TxRank2(TM4) MIMO_Usage

JAW-JK-CKG-0445 0 0 2709527159 2978819257 52.36705079 53.37323572
JAW-JK-TJP-2401 0 0 2730037829 1440808034 34.54474419 35.56034486
JAW-JK-GGP-0607 0 0 4189385128 2845277772 40.4465404 41.46494297
JAW-JB-DPK-1702 0 0 1517802626 1619473487 51.62036839 52.89000827
JAW-JK-KYB-1975 0 0 545267578 732511700 57.3269353 59.01089006
JAW-JK-GGP-0847 0 0 1437320090 1293248765 47.36188075 49.0960121
JAW-YO-YYK-0499 0 0 1926726202 1296079177 40.21586862 42.04396399
JAW-JK-CKG-0545 0 0 1417652730 917550604 39.29210749 41.17678656
JAW-JK-TJP-2067 0 0 1411874572 2147240452 60.33074058 62.26664415
JAW-BT-CLG-0089 0 0 1624395385 1419328402 46.63131418 48.58589448
Rank2 Troubleshooting and solution (1/2)
More focus on the
radio environment
❖ Issue Category 1: Low CQI, and low rank2 percentage
– Coverage and Interferene: Low coverage, No domain cell, Too many overlapping cell…
– Improve coverage, Reduce the interference: Adjust antenna (bearing, downtilting), cell power; Install
more site (macro, small site, RDS...)
❖ Issue Category 2: High CQI, but with low rank2 percentage

o Analysis
– Indoor design: ENB MIMO setting doesn’t match the engineering installation More focus on
hardware issues
Such as RRU different port covers different area; only part of IBS has MIMO design
– Power unbalance: the power of 2 ports is different, difference big than 5dB
o Troubleshooting for power unbalance
– IBS Design issue: check IBS design, calculate the power
– Equipment fault
i. Alarm check
ii. VSWR difference check for 2 ports
iii. Testing on site: Block one port with a load, then test another, to check
iv. Scanner: can test RS power of different port
v. Feature-Antenna System Monitoring: help to identify the issue
Rank2 Troubleshooting and solution (2/2)
❖ Scanner to find power unbalance issue
– Scanner which supports MIMO can scan the RSSI of different port
– Compare the RSSI of port0 and port1 to see whether the power is balanced
Primary Primary Secondar Secondar
Carrier Carrier Sync Sync Sync y Sync y Sync
RSSI RSSI Signal - Channel Channel Channel Channel Ref Signal Ref Signal
Antenna Antenna Timeoffse Received Received Received Received - Received - Received Ref Signal
Latitude Longitude Cell ID Port 0 Port 1 t Power Quality Power Quality Power Quality - CINR
22.83245 114.1549 283 -60.89 -61.09 13668 -87.26 -3.99 -87.15 -3.81 -82.89 -8.53 10.17
22.83245 114.1549 282 -64.91 -65.11 13668 -89.86 -6.59 -90.99 -7.65 -86.91 -12.55 2.36
22.83245 114.1549 93 -66.96 -67.16 13444 -89.21 -5.95 -88.8 -5.48 -88.96 -14.5 -2.16
22.83245 114.1549 274 -73.59 -73.79 13573 -87.31 -4.1 -90.81 -7.53 -95.59 -21.26 -11.47
❖ Antenna System Monitoring

– Measure UL SINR for every RX port, to see the balance of 2 RX ports and find related issues
– Also can use these data to judge the possible DL unbalance problems
Misaligned: 2 ports, not Swapped Counters to monitor

fully overlapping

Rank2 Optimization Flow - Proposed
HW Check
Rank2
• Return Loss / VSWR check after Yes
— Flow Rank2 Investigation:
• Partial Cross Feeder check tshoot
No > 20%
• Configuration / Installation check as MOP
No Optimization No
Rank2 > Design ASM
Start
20% Check OK? - Site Visit
- Tilting
Yes - Re-azimuth CET No
Yes OK?
- Coverage check (the coverage of the
Design Review antenna’s beam pointing to)
- User distribution check (UE location
distribution (on cell centre/cell edge) Yes
End

Case Study
• Case Study 1 : LTE Semanggi
• ASM OK, Rank2 Solved After Optim
• CET Result shown that MIMO 2T2R is working with RI = 2
• Case Study 2 : LTE Garuda Indonesia

• ASM OK, Rank2 below threshold due to cover open area (Monas)
• Case Study 3 : LTE Pulomas Sector 3

• ASM OK, Rank2 below threshold for sector which cover open area (Waduk Pulomas)
• Case Study 4 : LTE Menpora

• ASM OK, Rank2 Solved After HW check and Optim
• Case Study 5 : LTE Muara Baru Ujung

• ASM OK, Rank2 Solved After HW Check and Optim
• Case Study 6 : LTE_KALIDERES_TANJUNG

• Rank2 Solved After HW Check (ASM Issue)
Footnote :
• Even all sectors in one site have good ASM result, Rank2 statistics not always show value higher than 20%.
• As this Rank2 depends on
• the coverage of the antenna’s beam pointing to
• UE location distribution (on cell centre/cell edge)
• number of traffic/connected users or samples etc

Case Study 1 : LTE Semanggi
ASM OK, Rank2 Solved After Optim

4425007E_LTE_SEMANGGI –ASM OK, Rank2 Solved After Optim
— Azimuth Before — Azimuth After
— Propose redirection sector 2 from 210 to 230
— Twin Beam — Twin Beam

Finding:
✓ Timing Advance Cell_15
NOK, Rank2 NOK, while ASM
OK
Propose Action:
✓ Site Visit RU-Antenna
Config and connection
Check
✓ Re-azimuth antenna
✓ Neighbor Audit (ANR)
✓ CET
Result:
✓ Rank2 improved, CQI
improved, Throughput
Improved, Payload Maintain
✓ CET OK

4425007E_LTE_SEMANGGI –ASM OK, Rank2 Solved After Optim -CET & DT (1/2)
— MIMO 2T2R
RSRP SINR Throughput

4425007E_LTE_SEMANGGI –ASM OK, Rank2 Solved After Optim -CET & DT (2/2)
CQI Transmission Mode Transmission Scheme
— Most of Transmission mode during DT = TM4

— Most of Transmission Scheme during DT = Closed-Loop Spatial Multiplexing
Case Study 2 : LTE Garuda Indonesia
ASM OK, Rank2 below threshold due to cover open area

441PC501E_P2M_LTE_GARUDA_INDONESIA–ASM OK, Low Rank2
Finding:
✓ Timing Advance All cells
remark as NOK, Rank2 NOK,
while ASM OK
✓ Cover Open Space (Monas)
TA LTE
Propose Action: 40
✓ Site Visit RU-Antenna 30
20
Check
10
✓ Neighbor Audit (ANR)
✓ CET 0
Result:
✓ Rank2 etc still maintain 441PC501E - JK4G18_441PC501E_14
✓ CET OK 441PC501E - JK4G18_441PC501E_15
441PC501E - JK4G18_441PC501E_24
441PC501E - JK4G18_441PC501E_25

441PC501E_P2M_LTE_GARUDA_INDONESIA–ASM OK, Low Rank2 –CET (1/2)
— MIMO 2T2R

441PC501E_P2M_LTE_GARUDA_INDONESIA–ASM OK, Low Rank2 –CET (2/2)

Case Study 3 : LTE Pulomas
ASM OK, Rank2 below threshold for sector which cover open
area

4412461E_LTE_Pulomas_Utara_Reloc sector 3–ASM OK, Low Rank2
— Twin Beam
Finding:
✓ Timing Advance Cell_16
remark as NOK, Rank2 NOK,
while ASM OK
✓ Cover Open Space (Waduk
Pulomas)
Propose Action:
✓ Site Visit RU-Antenna TA LTE
Config and connection 40
Check
✓ Neighbor Audit (ANR) 20
✓ CET 0
[0.000 -…
[0.078 -…
[0.156 -…
[0.234 -…
[0.312 -…
[0.391 -…
[0.469 -…
[0.547 -…
[0.625 -…
[0.703 -…
[0.781 -…
[0.859 -…
[0.938 -…
[1.016 -…
[1.094 -…
[1.172 -…
[1.250 -…
[1.328 -…
[1.406 -…
[1.484 -…
[1.562 -…
[1.641 -…
[1.719 -…
Result: 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_14 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_15
✓ Rank2 etc still maintain 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_16 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_4
✓ CET OK 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_5 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_6

4412461E_LTE_Pulomas_Utara_Reloc –ASM OK, Low Rank2 - CET (1/2)
— MIMO 2T2R

4412461E_LTE_Pulomas_Utara_Reloc –ASM OK, Low Rank2 - CET (2/2)

Case Study 4 : LTE Menpora
ASM OK, Rank2 Solved After HW check and Optim

341PC371G_CO_LTE_MENPORA –ASM OK, TxRankSolved After RET Issue Clear + Optim
— RET need calibration — Low Rank2
— Cell 24
— TA Before — TA After
— Cell 25
Finding:
✓ Timing Advance Cell_24 and
25 NOK, Rank2 NOK, while
ASM OK.
✓ Found RET CalibrationStatus
= unknown Site Visit Troubleshoot ASM Issue
Done on 8 March 2019
Propose Action: ➢ Troubleshoot Low Tx Rank
✓ Site Visit RU-Antenna Done ( All Cell >20%)
➢ Type Antenna Rosenberger
Twin Beam
Check ➢ Config L1800 = 2T2R
✓ Re-azimuth antenna ➢ Config L2100 = 4T4R
✓ Neighbor Audit (ANR) ➢ Action :
- Connection check
Result: (already following
MOP) -> ASM OK
✓ Rank2 improved, CQI
- Create RET Y4
improved, Throughput - RET calibration
Improved, Payload - Setting Electrical
considering Maintain
Case Study 5 : LTE Muara Baru Ujung
ASM OK, Rank2 Solved After HW Check and Optim

Rank2 – Troubleshooting Sample –with HW check & Redirection
Troubleshooting action
❖ Checked and confirmed all antenna system already properly
installed → Rank2 still not OK
❖ Changed optical cable
❖ Changed SFP module
❖ Changed antenna connection with other sector’s
antenna
❖ Changed jumper cable
❖ Changed antenna mechanical and electrical tilting
❖ Found from visit : Antenna Sector 2 facing Open Area Pelabuhan
Ikan
❖ Temporarily changed antenna azimuth → Rank2 tend improved

Case Study 6 : LTE_KALIDERES_TANJUNG
Rank2 Solved After HW Check (ASM Issue)

Rank2 – Troubleshooting Sample –with HW check (ASM Issue)
• Troubleshoot ASM Issue Done
• VSWR All Sector Ok
• Low Rank All Sector Ok
• Config 2T2R
• Type Antenna ROSENBERGER Twin Beam
• Ø Action :
• Change RU-Antenna connection as MOP
• Before
• Y1 : RRUS 4415 B3 A-B
Y2 : RRUS 4415 B3 C-D
Y3 : -
Y4 : RRUS 2217 B1
• After
• Y1 : RRUS 2217 B1
• Y2 : -
Y3 : RRUS 4415 B3 A-B
Y4 : RRUS 4415 B3 C-D

Case Study from Other Market

Case study1-outdoor (1/4)
— DGZMT_FE_D497879_A : Rank2 percent is less than 1%. Only cell A has this problem,
other 2 cells are normal in this site.
ENB
pmRadioTxRa pmRadioTxRa Scheduled pmRadioUeRe pmRadioUeRe UE reported
Date Average CQI nkDistr_1 nkDistr_2 Rank2 % pRankDistr_0 pRankDistr_1 Rank2%
2015/8/19 12.94 2682059 25022 0.92% 1919557 13708 0.71%
2015/8/20 12.81 3775290 35083 0.92% 2428947 16850 0.69%
2015/8/21 12.92 3846546 36697 0.95% 2605718 18839 0.72%
2015/8/22 13.06 4009007 38007 0.94% 2710242 20030 0.73%
2015/8/23 12.92 3335525 32468 0.96% 2343490 15991 0.68%
2015/8/24 12.73 3424595 35341 1.02% 2219820 13859 0.62%
2015/8/25 12.67 2994269 26751 0.89% 1970237 14074 0.71%
› From above table, rank2 percent for both ENB scheduled and UE reported are very low. But
the average CQI is very good, more than 12. Below is the UE test log:
› Very good radio environment (SINR is around 20dB), and the PDSCH BLER is also very low.
But the RI is always 1.
— So the possible issue should be unbalanced power of 2 ports.
— RRU, Antenna, Cable, Connector, and other equipments in the route are all suspected.
— This site uses beautified antenna, and also was installed a CSFU to eliminate the
interference to F band. See below figure:
› VSWR check: see below figure. 2 ports’ VSWR are all

less than 1.4 (customer request). One port is 1.15,
another is 1.39

— From the engineering point of view, the VSWR is not a problem
— But in this case we can see the VSWR difference is not small (one is 1.15,
another is 1.39)
— Use the VSWR value, we can calculate the Return Loss. Different Return
Loss means different forward power transmission
Return Loss= - 20*lg((VSWR - 1)/(VSWR + 1)
RL1.15 – RL1.39= 23.13 – 15.74 = 7.39 (dB)

› The Power difference is more than 7dB. So UE considers it unbalanced power, then
RI=1
› We also can check the Return Loss in our system by command (cabx)

After check on site, and re-connected the connector (the cable connector to CSFU is not tight). The
VSWR of this port goes to 1.15. Problem solved.
100.00%
Rank2 Percentage
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
Hour
11
23
11
15
19
23
15
19
23
11
15
19
23
11
15
19
11
15
19
23
3
7
3
7
3
7
3
7
3
7
3
7
Da 2015/9/16 2015/9/17 2015/9/18 2015/9/19 2015/9/20 2015/9/21
te
— So there is a new requirement for LTE network: VSWR need to meet not only
engineering requirement, but also need to meet the power balance request
for MIMO. We suggest the power difference of 2 ports should be less than
5dB at least.
Case study2-indoor (1/3)
❖ RRU different port covers different area
2
– Customer uses that way to save RRU resource
R
– RRU should be set MIMO (2 branch, 2 tx antenna), but maybe
1
R
U 4
no chance to use MIMO
3
– It will impact on RANK statistics
❖ Only part of IBS area has MIMO installation

2 – To reduce cost, only part of area (such business hall…) has
R 1 been modified to support MIMO
R
U
4
– RRU should be set MIMO (2 branch, 2 tx antenna)
4
3
– It also will impact on RANK statistics
3
❖ Very difficult to do the power balance for IBS system

– So many indoor equipments (Combiner, Coupler, Power splitter, Cable, Connector,
Antenna…), hard to keep it good quality, especially for the OLD IBS
– MIMO modification for OLD IBS, very hard to do the power design to balance the
power of different antenna
❖ Good solution for indoor to achieve MIMO
– RDS is a good solution for indoor coverage and performance improvement. Born
with MIMO feature, no need to concern the power balance
There is a building with MIMO modification, but difficult to use RANK2.
RSRP, SINR are all very good, but can’t use RANK2, throughput is only around 47Mbps

Port one test: RSRP -74dBm Port2 test: RSRP -95dBm
Power difference is more than 20dB, not possible to use RANK2
After check and

replace a combiner,
problem is solved

Summary
❖ MIMO scheduling
— UE tests DL signal, calculate RI, then report to ENB
— ENB mainly follow UE suggestion to schedule MIMO
❖ Top cell analysis

— Low CQI and low rank2%
— High CQI, but low rank2%
❖ Troubleshooting
— Test on different port, Check VSWR difference, Scanning, Activate feature (antenna system
monitoring) to troubleshoot unbalanced power
❖ Solution
— DL SINR optimization to improve overall rank2%
— Solve hardware issue (RRU, antenna, cable, connector, combiner, coupler, power splitter…) to balance
the power of 2 ports
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MIMO Rank2 Optimization Guideline RevA

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MIMO Rank2 Optimization Guideline RevA

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MIMO Rank2 Optimization Guideline

How does UE calculate RI?

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

❖ All outdoor sites deploy ❖ Most of indoor sites don’t

Parameters setting to achieve MIMO

Should have 2 Rfbranch

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

TOWERID pmRadioTxRankDistr_1 pmRadioTxRankDistr_2 pmRadioTxRankDistr_3 pmRadioTxRankDistr_4 OSLM_TxRank2(TM3) CSLM_TxRank2(TM4) MIMO_Usage

❖ Issue Category 2: High CQI, but with low rank2 percentage

❖ Antenna System Monitoring

Misaligned: 2 ports, not Swapped Counters to monitor

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

• Case Study 2 : LTE Garuda Indonesia

• Case Study 3 : LTE Pulomas Sector 3

• Case Study 4 : LTE Menpora

• Case Study 5 : LTE Muara Baru Ujung

• Case Study 6 : LTE_KALIDERES_TANJUNG

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

— Twin Beam — Twin Beam

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

RSRP SINR Throughput

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

— Most of Transmission mode during DT = TM4

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

✓ CET OK 441PC501E - JK4G18_441PC501E_15

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

RSRP SINR Throughput

— Most of Transmission mode during DT = TM4

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

Result: 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_14 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_15

✓ Rank2 etc still maintain 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_16 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_4

✓ CET OK 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_5 4412461E - JK4G18_4412461E_6

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

RSRP SINR Throughput

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

— Most of Transmission mode during DT = TM4

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

› VSWR check: see below figure. 2 ports’ VSWR are all

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

Return Loss= - 20*lg((VSWR - 1)/(VSWR + 1)

RL1.15 – RL1.39= 23.13 – 15.74 = 7.39 (dB)

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

❖ Only part of IBS area has MIMO installation

❖ Very difficult to do the power balance for IBS system

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

Power difference is more than 20dB, not possible to use RANK2

After check and

Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2018 | 2018-04-04

❖ Top cell analysis

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