2710/205

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
OctJNov. 2017
Time: 3 hours

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11
!

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

C :...1 ,. ...
DIPLOMA IN ARC HIT ECT URE
MODULE II

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

This paper consists ofEIGHT questions.

=---:---...Answer any FIVE questions in the answer booklet provided.
Maxi mum marks for each part of a question are as indicated.
Candidates should answer the questions in English.

This pape r consists of 3 print ed pages.

Candidates should check the question pape r to ascertain

all the pages are printed · d' that
as m 1cate d and that no questions are missing.

@ 2017 The Kenya National Examinations

Council Turn over

L
 -
·g1n . h r0 nn of the anci
0 t t e L' ent
(11) E., pl11in 1hc in011 c" Of ~r.,,l)os belle fs in theIdOS 1 i1 vn (
cc re 'e\ , !\ :_\ ) 0 \h t o 4 marks)
~ 111tn'PYTAm1d !J.
" "' ,t J
\11 architecture from th
(b) O\ll linc 1hc develo , tll\ll tunerea e mastaba
pment Of 81\CICI\\. Egyp (8 marks)
tothe m,e l'Yl'8mid,
.
wing parts of an anci
{c) With the aid of & sk
etch l9yont P\an illustrate eac hof the fo 110 ent
Egyptian templ e: ·

(i) pylon:
'
(ii) Peristyle courtyard;
(iii) Hypostyle hall;
(iv) Sanctuary.
(8 mar1 t J ii
2. (a) With the aid of appr
opriate sketches, expl . th atial organi.satio • n of the p a r th
ancient Greece. ain e sp enon"
(8 marks
~ (b ) With the aid of an el
evation descnb.
e the features Of the D ~ order. (12 marks)
3. ~ :-1 3:-~
(a) Explain each of the . '"'
following elements of
lslamic ~chitecture:
/
(i) Arabesq'ue\~ b,ui&l:.td
11in t ~o.Hut1S
(ii) Sehan; ..,,
(iii) Mihra
O~tY'I Sp tlC C iM,,·de.. ~hr
b;
(iv) ~:re~fi H,t ol- ~hf
7
Ot t
(v) ~o w tf to nt.r; or
1oc..-k..~ nJ \ht
\IJGS \It <~ hvs~- (10 mark8t);.
(b) Outline five features
of the traditional Chi
nese
architecture.
@ v(a) Outline five charac - ~ ··
,. (l0mar~i a .. .
teristics of Romanes
que architecture. Vo
i"\-e~ c>-•c..\,
(b) Explain the significa ( lO m a r k ~
nce of the pointed ar
✓ Outline the contrib
ution of each of the
ch in Gothic archite
cture style.
(10 marks)
following architects
of the twentieth cent
(a) ury:
Frank Lloyd W ri ~
;
(b) Le Corbusier;
(c) Mies Van der Rohe; (4 marks)
(d) (4 marks)
Louiss Sullivan; ;fj
(e) Robert Venturi (I (4 marks)
A
(4 marks)
,_ I•
r<J u~ (4 marks)
2710/205
OctJNov. 2017
\ ""a
2

s
 -·

6. (a)
Explain each of th
e listed features of po st mod
ern ar chitecture:
(i) Tromple L'oeil;
(ii) Anthropomorphism
;
(iii) Contextualism;
(iv) Double coding.

(b) (8 marks)
Witb the aid of a sk
et

Ou\\ine the effect of

ch
Corbusier's "Vi\\a Sa , explain the ftve points of m
voye".

revolution on arch the ~2,cio-economic and technologica

odern architecture
using Le
(12 mar s
- \c )

itecture. -~o~\l\o. l changes in the ind stri

.\{~ i"t,,~ u al
~ c,.
~ (12 marks)
Describe the defin - ~t "- l 1 ~ -,Jt1c t n \,,o
ing characteristics of I
fl\U.. ~ -'v\..e v-.o-.1 l
'( (..°9\0.(t "'->01\t.
eatl:t~rthlf~\~win
g architectural styl
(i) es: m o. h.,ra/s us
Arts and crafts mov
(ii) "' Art em en t;
.A ~ \,\ '\~
~c «, ~
ae~pt'\: \
~.,,1.,,..,..\~ ')
,rn\i_,;, .~ ,
~ -t'v'leCA.f
.
t~
' "!
\-'O 'm lto.~ CC< ~t
nouveau·, .. \l, ,\-i...... I \.. o\"'t:P· ; r\<''""\' 11';1 o~J..
\t.
(iii) De stij\; ·-::-
ll « '. 't i'r·,IW
l''f t, \-
(iv) .j(Beaux ar~1.ts.1111i'I, ~, ..,& 11,,.,.,,\ l- ~1 ~n'"'' .1.,
,

~--i,.~.... I l,e11 ~ s¼t1w_-14,\,tc..1 ~ ~"'·•~kl Jh,J.."'J

,.. In l-O
••l tl..~r "-· ""r
"---':::. ~lo.\- fM '('
--
8. Illustrate each of th · I\ ft \. -, d (8 roarlcs)
e given aspe W(f\t\ow.s
cts of traditional M
ijikenda architectur
(a) e:
the homestead layo
ut;
(b) floor plan of _a dwel (6 marks)
ling house.
a (c) Construction form (7 marks)

r , technology and materials using

a section of a dwellin
g unit.
(7 marks)

THIS IS THE LA
ST PRINTED PAGE
.

~ i n tha~ a~\ the

J ar e nussmg.
2710/205
OctJNav. 2017
Tuirn ov er
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2710/205 .
lIISTOR.Y OF ARCHiTECTURE
OctJNov. 2016 • I
Time: 3 hours J
: l

THE KENYA NA'fRONAL EXAMINATIONS COU

NCIL
DIPLOMA IN ARCIDTECTURE
MODULEil
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

3 hou rs

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE§
You should have drawing instruments for this
examination.
This pap er consists of EIG HT questions. Answ
er FN E questions in the answer boo klet prov
All uestions carry•equal marks. ided .
~mum marks for each part of a question are as
shown.
andidates should answer all the questions in English.
(

'fhi§ ~ !ll~a - consists off' 3 prin ted page§.

Candidates sh?uHd che~llt tl~e ~uestion pap er ~o

ascertain that all time
pages are prmted as nmlicateol and that no ques
tions are missing.

© 2016 The Kenya National Examinations Coun

cil. Tmr n ove r
 '

f Egyp~ian tombs:
. I g types o .,
,n·t)C\ tl'CfollOW 11 ' ' . .1 '
1{l( 1-tttt ht~. (tcs
I ,,
,, .' t I •

With ,t,t jih ' .

,,
(l
. I
. the parthenon and pan
• twf> diffcrcuccs between : • (1 ·1
'd 0 f ~kc:- lchcs, c,.pl:u•• . . . . . .. Oj
,M ,, .,hthe'"
,!, · · · i

'
t,uihlint~· · hitecture in a given society; · 1

. tcrs contribute to t1ie arc ..

. h following p:1tamc ·. ·

• ::pl•ID~::I:c • ·· / (:: ~.
,.,) ~ 1runil; 4
lP I
(~) technologica ; • (4 ·
(d) emironmental; • (4_~1-
functionality.
/~ ) · ,

r:,/ (a)
• the tenn industrial revolution.
Exp1am
(5 ~~-·
."'
.... ' , ' ., • • 1 • , '

• (b) Outline five characteristics of indust~3;1 r~volutio~ ~~ the_i! im~ac_to~·architecturai . \

.del-eiopment.. · · · .. . ·: · ·:: : :' · · · .· · ·· . ( 15 n1a,t/
. . . : .' . . . j)
-/
✓
I
(a) Outline five principles engrav~ in m~e~ -~ ~?~!~ct~r~· .- · :- : · .· '.:/··. ~-·. -.. (!~ !11atks) ·,
. • ~ .. l.,.., ,

Explain five principles of architecture illustrated in Le:.corbusier,'s vil~a sa~oye. ~: , .

~
I . . ::-.< \_ ._:._: _. ...
. - . . ~- - ~-:~::·: :.-_> .- ( ;: . .'.-/ qo~)
I
s-:I (a) Explain the term post modem archi~e_ct~re·sk~~g ~;-~wo:~f the'influ_ential a;chit~cts of
the movement other than Ro~~ Venturi:_:' .. ·.::\._:-:-~_.··· 1, ·._:·. • ; :. •.· •.- • • · (5 marks)
. . ~ .- .~ •:·, . :_>·~·.:_.·~ ·.:~::· ·~.~~-/~<: \ ..' ~-•· ;· _,~,: ·.·l ·:

(b) Outline three aims of post modern architecture . .: . · .- ; .. ·: ·: ·.. ·• .... · · ..

(~)
...· .. :·<. ;-\/ ·.> ~.::· .
Using three examples explain how Robert.Venturi contributed to post modern ··;· • .-.. · ·
:·:>. ··. '' ' . . "'
~ architecture. ...· ._ : ': <>.' ·: : ·);.·_.·.·-::.•,; ::_· ·,.;·. ~.· .:: '·.·::<. :_ ·:". . ,·.· <: .(9 marks)
.. >. ·:~: ,· _·, .
~hl~~i'di~-i~;~~~ 0f a.M~~~i h6~~st~ad. ·.
0

6. U sing appropriate sketches e~plain fi~e prin~ipl~s·

. ,:·.. :, :......· ,. ,_:-.;,. }'·::·:··:~.:·:
. . __ :..
~
·..·: __;;f_i_,::··<.>.
_·. ,· .. . . ,
. (20niar_~s)
, . ,. fu.pwn the differences betwc~~ Rom~esq~e :and G~thi~ arc~~~~;~ ~~i~{~e following .· : ..
features: • · · •. · · ·_. · · · . · · .·. · • ··· .. • ·. , · . '.· · · . :· •: · · .· ·

(a) plan; • •,I~

. ·• '! ~
•
~
~ (5 marks)
(b) . structure; I I I ~ · .·(s.marks)
I •. •
(c) construction; (5 ,narks),
(d) . deCQration. (5 marks>

'. .. i·~ ;' ·,.2710/205

· · .., ':, ·. _,_ OctJNov. 2016

i}-/.
- ·.
: /;_
·.• ~.. /: . . :
. . . ', .,, ,···_; ~ ,._ .
 Name :
Index No.: _ _ _ _ __ __;_ _ _
---- -- ---- ---- -
2309/305 Candidnte's Signature: _ _ _ _ __
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Date: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __
Oct./Nov. 2014
Time: 3 hours

I
THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMlNATIONS COU NC IL

DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE

HISTORY OF ARCHlTECTURE

3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

ll'rite your name and index numb er in the spaces provided above
.
Sign and write the date of the exam ination in the spaces provi
ded above.
You should have the following for this examination;
Scientific calculator.
This paper consists of EIGHT questions.
Answer any FIVE questions in the spaces provided in this quest
ion paper.
Maximum marks for each part of a question are as shown .
Do NOT remove any pages from this booklet.
· Candidates should answer the questions in English.

For Examiner's Use Only

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TOTAL
8
SCORE
Candidate's
Score

This pape r consists of 16 print ed pages.

Cand idate s should check the

all the pages are printed as . d' quest ion P•a pe,. to ,1
. .
m icated a nd that no questscert am that
ions are missing.
~ 2014 The Kenua N ·
.,. atmnaI Examinations Co uncil Turn over
 I. (11)

(iij tosmotogy:

{iii) ~ocial slrncMc: (12 matks)

I I
( /' JI I ' ,.

(iv) m11terials and ~echnology. \ ' ; IS and dJ,e)Utjg(!, >, (S m~rks)

. rs in settlernen , ): , , \ : .
(b) State four humaniution and four facto ' .,
1
" ' !!in ttq-w'.;~~~•f~V?wm~,ate
2. ofany ·commurl1ty, exp'· Is•,,,,..
· , · :· 1• •''()

J;dwellihg tevef .f'!;, 1'}'.:, :,);'

• ·, .,
Drawing examples of architecture . ,
''
d mmumty ano , , , 1
achieved both at homestea to , .,
1
" : , , : :it,
1,

1
• , , 11
'. i,f1 <:
tl 11 t , ,,';!1 I!~ ,:1, ..
(i) spatial hierarchy; ,,/.1 ,{1,,\'''.,1, • ,,.,, '•,\•, Iii
I ',1, 'i••l, ,.,. / /I ' ('JO ~
") •
•!I , ' ,\ ;'/.', '.,r ; I ' ,, ' marks) '
(u secunty. I ,:•1:, l ·, I, )i!:' ' ',:,\\, '
,, ,i· \ ,. ,. ,. ,.r', .\.. (:· .t · ,. , ·, ,,.. ....
_. 1
e!b,,et\Veeri· ;:1,, A'.-..-'
(b) 1
- · • -haVe·un er 0 0 · ,
, tne-'perigds ;'/1'
:.Jd··.i;,l,g
There are changes 1!1at lraditibnal arthite~.ti\t.~:i,'1/" _.{ 1 ;; ·.:, · , , -(_ , ., • ·,. ·;,' ('10,
' ·
, , • , •
.marks)
1900 • 2003. Classify these changes .. 1,' r:i, /.• ·,, .. · ·\, · ·:.!-, 1
,1 r ,
1
L \ ,, ~ •i"< 1 1 t
;, ., •••i•
1 1
3. h •• I

h'bfthe fol'1· .•~, •'\ 1 , '

j i \•.)' 1 -,
(a) ' how :•/j; •f- '·1'1• , 1,, I
1

)'
0 utlme scale and proportionI',', i tr.1'T
·may" ai, owmg:
Wfi,,· 1,,11 • •:: , ; ,,1:;/ , ,. · ,'i
,,11 ·,, '• \'' ,,\ ,\ , ,,, i;'
(i) building t~hnology and
l
m~ten~f~:6r'~ti'-t.Eg%ii,ifi
,' . ,·
1
.,:),) ' ' 11
1:, :1
1'iehl~
,~. :~ '
le;,I / ' I I i
(1•1•)
,
I ' •' '
I' . /
r,, ' \1,
fill!'j
' •<•.
•.:\I,
(, /, I
achieving privacy in Jslantjc 4rchit~~ture1r··•1:•. ·\ 1;-.· 1
't I • ,: "•.: •
·•
, (1.~!m'ar~s)
i 'i
1
•v, •ti~!" .) ''f, I I l,rf
(b) ,! / ' );
I,' '
I l1

State ,four 'reasons behind the study of history,o'f architecture.

• ,4 ,H. ?, • l \' _i ,1,' 1 , I
I I•\·
l
' I t if\ 'I ! ' 't I i~
' '\ · (4 marks) :
4. 'I ( I I
:;(1 ,' \, I : \'
Using specific building as .examples. Describe; · ·
,j

•,
'I.
(a) Proportions a:nd scale.
, I

~ i •
" l·
• j

(b) Solids and ¥oids.

• . ! '

I lj I ~{I 't, ' I

(c) Doric and ionic columns. I l

•
,, I
.(4 marks)

(d) Fr~plan. '(6 marks)

' ' 5. (a) Outline four major influences in th '
(4 marks)
'·
· . e works of Frank Bl d w· .
, ,, (b) oy nght.
I~ I Outline the cruiracteristics of Frank Bl (6 marks)
.,. , oyd Wright'
,1
•
1. 1,
..· c),: •
'
Sta, te four factors that assist,,~ s space conce tio )
' ,I, \' ' , ,, ~ l' OVIS
•
s0 I . P n. (8 marks
.. , '., ·, , con~truction. Uhon to succeed i h.
,, , ,,·,;", r· ", ·,. : , ' n is early works of high rise
_: '' '{:. / ,
l ,i" )
( 6 marks
' ' ' !i/ ,
, 1 ,I I 1 , , ' '
I 11 i •'\,•,1•' ,, ' I I
f, ,, I ,, t l f :j
• J ,,
. ,,, ' :t
2JOJJ/jos·\
2
 6.
(a)
Explain fi0
(b)
ur characte · ·
nsttcs of John Pax ten 's crystal palace. (8 marks)
State four- Prota ern.
( i) g ISls of lhe following inovc111c11ts:
Art nonvean•
(ii) '
Arts and crafts.
(c) (4 marks)
Describe two h . . . ts
c aracteristics of each of the following movcmen ·
(i)
Art nonvean·
(ii)
Art and crafts.
' '
7. (8 marks)
Describe the change in:
(a)
(10 marks)
Focus of the Bauhaus showing how the courses were structured to meet the change.
(b)
Discuss
. (10 marks)
the changes in the industrial socie!Y broug4t ~pout by the industrial revolution.
t , I · fl J I : '

8. (a)
I I

Outline fo~r role~ of ar~hite9tur~ in so~i~fY· (6 marks)

'J ..
(b)
Explain the following types of arcqitecture:lJ.
' ' l .
(i) utilitarian;

(ii) appropriate.
(6 marks)
(c) Discuss the applications of urbanization in architecture.

-
(8 marks)

23()9/305 3
Turn over
 2710/205
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Oct.INov. 2021
Time: 3 hours

tt'll ~(,f I ,., ,,;''

I' . (I ?.. , ' ' •

[i i: \ .' ,,
I ~' ~ ,
vieb~,:

I'

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE

MODULE II

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

This paper consists ofEIGHT questions.

Answer FIVE questions in the answer booklet provided
All questions carry equal marks.
Maximum marks for each part ofa question are indicated
Candidates should answer the questions in English.

f"

This paper consists of 3 printed pages.

Candidates sh~uld check the q~estion paper to ascertain that all

the pages are prmted as indicated and that no questions are missing.

© 2021 The Kenya National framinations Council. Turn over

J !
'
 . influence on
. . n,ctors and their
- · •xo ml'lc.c: ~111., ·h of th..': rolloW'"g
I. (a) E~-plnin g.,v ,ng l;
architecture .

(i) social :
(ii ) cultural :
(iii) ec on om ic:
technolo gical.
(1 2 m ar ks )
(iv )

. (8 m ar ks )
. r ancient Egyptian ar ch ite ctu re .
(h) Ou tline fou r influences Nile on
of the nve
l on ea ch of tb e follo .
, Distinguish betvveen an k d Ro man temp es wing
L . (a) cient Gree
as pe cts :
an .Jr
-l._, r-•µ_e.o~ .
r..~ -
(i) orders;
(ii) structures; ~ ·
(ii i) materials; - ~ ,
(iv ) fo rm an d sp ac e. / ~

(8 m ar ks )
(b) Describe the characte . fth
ristics and function of each 0 e following Roman typologies :
(i) ba sil ica ; ',+"'\.
(ii ) amphitheatre; . / /
(ii i) aqueduct;
(iv ) triumphal arch.

(1 2 m ar ks )
(a ) Ou tli ne five features of
traditional Chinese arc
hitecture.
(b) (10 m ar ks )
Illustrate th e spatial or
ganization of a hyposty
le ha ll type m os qu e.
4. (a ) (1 0 m ar ks )
er Ou tli ne th e contributio

(i) Fr an k Lloyd Wright; t~

n of each of the followi

,~~~-/
J
:~
,q;:~-
;., ~...
ng to architecture·
.
;
(ii ) Ro be rt Venturi. / o•·
'

(b ) Ex.plain th re e differe
ntiating characteristics (8 m ar ks )
ar ch ite ct ur e. of m od hi
em arc lecture from
po st m od er n
(a ) De sc ribe ea ch of th e
fo llowi ng Romanesque (1 2 m ar ks )
t .
ypo 1og1es:
(i) ch ur ch es ; __,_, \.--! ~
(ii ) ca stl es . I /_:;

27 10 /2 05 (8 m ar ks )
Jc t./Nov. 2021 2
 (b) (i) Illustrate a pomtcd
· arch and n'bbe<l vault.
(ii)
. tour mtlucnces
Explain
architecture. · of tile pointed
. .
arch on the characteristics of Gothic
(12 marks)

6. (a) Distingu·isl1 between Re mussance

. and Baroque styles on each of the following:

(i) fom1s·
(ii) ,
entrances·
(iii) domes. _ ,..-.~ ... J t <""~~" .7 (1 2 marks)
r->·itU .

(b) ch ahfloor plan 1ayout to illustrate

Use • · · bast·1·ican
the organization of the early Christian
urc . (8 marks)

Describe the charac tenSllcs

revolution: . . of each of the following architectural products of !lldustna
. . l

Crystal Palace. (10 marks)

(a)
• l ~>..(_(d,¥{,,~,\..,,•'\'•
~,<i:,d'P'
"
(b)
Eiffe!Tower.-q•\;.& ,.>·;,> ..-,j · ,.- (10 marks)
.. , . / "'✓~
t'-" . A✓ " • • •
xp am the mfluence of social and economic factors on the traditional Maasa1
E l
8. (a) architecture. ;;;-~+- (10 marks)
l9 (b) With the aid of a section, describe the construction of a traditional Maasai dwelling unit.
(10 marks)

~
THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.
,·

·ntOf2 05
~)ct \ rov. 202 I
 - ----

2710/20S
HISTORY OF A.RCIIffECfUJU}
March/A.pril 2020
Time: 3 hours

TIIE ON _

-CJ¥1L~C~

~-,-

You should nave an answer. booldet for this e::amin;tio71:;i.:~

0

This paper consisf.s I)f EIGHT questions. ' _,._ -

_Answer FIVE questions.

Ail questions carry eqrtal marks.
Maximum marks for each part ofa question are indicated.
CanduJaJeS should answer the questions-in English.

1
This paper consists of 3 printed pages.

theCandidates should check

pages are printed . paper to ascertain that all
as , d'the queShon
1n teated and th at no questions
. are missing.

.,, NationaI Examinations Cou/'lcil

O 2020 The Kenva

1
 · I • r -ncl1 of the following mov
Outh11~ thr"Ct' philusnph1 c11 I ldco og1cR ,or c cments:
I. (a)

(II) art NOUH' !lll , 0 2 marks)

(8 marks)
(l,) Outline four c1111scs of lndust, iol J{ cvol11tfon .

2. (n)
Stnte th1e distinctive features in each of the fol lowing:

(1) Uaroque style of architcctw·e;

(ii) Gotl1ic sty le of architecture. (!Omarks-

C (10 marks) --
(b) Describe King Zoser's pyramid.
(8 marks)
3. (a) Outline four ideals of Bauhaus movement.

(b) E_xi>lain the following forces that contribute to the development of architecture in a
given society: _.

(i) cultural forces·,

(ii) - economic forces·,

(iii) environmental forces·

. '
{iv) sociological forces.
(12marh).

4,
. lliia
(a) (i) State four functions of a mosque.

(ii) Outline four characteristics of Islamic culture.

(12 marks)
(b) Describe the temple of Amune Re at Karnak. (8 marlcs)

10/205 2
'f'ChfApril 2020
 ·tectural principles advoca
State five arc11\ ted by Le C'i>rbusier.
(S marks)
(b) Sketch ru, d \abel the following classical orders:

(i) \onic order;

\
(ii) Corinthian order;

(ii i) Tuscan order.

(1S marks)
(a) Outline five design aspects
6. of 'Falling Water'" by Fran
k Lloy d Wright. (10 marks)
(b) Discuss the lntemational
Style of Architecture.
(10 marks)
(a) Explain each of the followi
ng terminologies:
(i) traditional architecture;

(ii) vernacular ~hitect-ure;

(ril) urbci!! design. ~ = ': • -

-·
-
(12 marks)
Jb) Descnb: ilie Romaniiititl
ie~n:-- - - _ _ ~

- - ~ ~..:-::· ·~ - --=-
'=. -- ::· ~ (8 marks)
8. Uisc':S5 Kikuyu tradition - -~ -- ~
al arch it ei ~e-~ il iJ_especJ Jo ho
meitead ~~ d~~lling un
. ~ ~~ ~ - , -: -."':.~; - -~ _ -- ~ ·
it. _ __- ~ cc-
- .- _. -=- =---(20 marks)
~ 1::,. :-.!" ' __ : ~ -
" -~ - --- _..:;

THIS IS THE LAST PR

-INTE -- D PAGE :-:_ . _-
:

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1

2710/205 3
March/April 2020
i

_______lllll!iiiii-ii---
 Name: __________ ___ _ ___ __ Index No: _ _ __ _ _ __
2309/305
Candidate's Signature: _ _ __
HISTORY OF' ARCHITECTURE
OctJNov. 2013 Date: _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __
Time: 3 hours

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
Answer any FIVE of the following EIGHT questions in the spaces provided in this questio
n paper.
All questions carry equal marks.
Maximum marks for each part of a question are as shown.
Candidates should answer the questions in English .

For Exami ner's Use Only

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Score

Candidate's
Score

This paper consists of' 16 printed pages.

Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all

pages are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.

© 2013 The Kenya Narional Examinm ions Council

Turn over
 -
d' .ona\ archi\ccture.
\. (8.) \3.it)la,n \ta '"
d't' na\ Mijike
nda built form.
.dof s'Ketches I d,scuss the tra 110
Wi\l\ thcl\l
. s\ -haractctis\\c fentures of ancient Egyptian civilization.
.

1. (a) minhgn\ xc (6
. . rnar\s)
\3.x,t)\ain using re\evan\ ei p\es why Rom
an architecture was considered
.
(b) am uti\it ....:
«1! 1an
(14 rn;t1..
"""-~)
Describe l\ve key archite f the early Christian chur
3. ctural fe
atures o ch.
OOrnai\s)
Us,no an mustraUo. 'd tifu the const1·tuent parts of aGreek temple fa
t)
n, \ en lJ cade.
(10
rnarks)
Descnoe the fo\\owing arch . alb 'lt f
4. itectur u1 orms and state the architectural language
be\ongs to: each

(i) mastaba~
(ii) aque.ducts ~
(iii) Notre dame~
(iv)) palaceofVersa
i\\es.

(20 marks)
5. (a) Exp\ain the impact of the
industrial revolution on
the commercial build
ings.
_
(10 marks)
(b) Describe tive difference
s between art and craft
movement and art nouv
eau movement.
6. (10 marks)
(a) Explain five characteris
tic features of the inter
national style using ap
propriate buildings ...
... .
(b) (lS marksflli
Name five architects of
the modern movement,
of the architects. giving a building asso
ciated with each
7. (a) (5 marks)
Explain four key charac
teristics of Bauhaus scho
ol.
(b) (8 marks)
Give brief accounts of
each of the following arc
hitectµral styles:
(i) Rennaissance;
(ii) Baroque;
(iii) Rococo .

(12 markS)

2309/305 2
•

8. (a)
Explain the following as used in architecture:
(i)
sustainability;
(ii)
contextualism;
(iii) aesthetics;
(iv) ergonomics.
(8 marks)
(b)
Explain four key principles of architectural design. (8 marks)
(c)
. four factors that have led to change in the Afncan
Identify . traditiona1 built forms.
(4 marks)

2309/305 3
Turn over
 ' 2710/205 _
ID~T~RY. OF ARCHITECTURE
- ~une/July 2021
Time:-_ j hours

/4'
I/

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIO

NS COUNCIL
DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE

MODULE II
HISTORY OF ARCHITE_CTURE

r 3hours

INS TR UC TIO NS JO CAN!)IDATE~--.~-:' _- k-~- -

:· ·-:~ - ~
You should Ji.av~ an answ~r bookletfor this
examination:
Answer FIVE-o jthefollow_ing EIGHT
questions.
All questioris carry equal marks."'-- ~ ·-,-'
C "

Ma xi~ "! mcirks for !i_ach parr-of a-q~estio ••

n are ·as ]ndicated. --

0
Candidates should answerJhe questif?
ns in:E~gl~h. =

This paper consists of 3 printed pag

es.
Candidates should check the
all the pages are printed a · d' tque stion paper to ascertain that
~
s Ill tea ed and that no questions ·
are missing.
!j\
©
202
I The Keny a Nmiona/ Examinations Cou
ncil • Turn over 'I
I .1~
I'
;µ
,~
 •
,. (a ) Out\l1'C fo ur ph
H os op
. .
h, ca \ ,deo\o gi es
. of A rl N ou ve au
m ov em en t.
(8 m ar ks )
St at e fo ur pa r: u\ d rn en t o f ar ch it ec
\c \c rs th at co nt ri
(b )
·
SO C\ Ct )'.
..; (lO f' 0 'l"' I,\
_ C v \\- I.) ,(. ("
bute \o ~he e71:t~\, v11'4 l c.s.
tu re o f a gi ve n

C\,
C \ i ,11·u c, ..S .SOC (4 m ar ks )
. . . . .
(c ) D cs c,-,b c th e fo hi te ct w ho de si
ll ow in g bu1ldm gn ed th em :
gs s\ at m g th e ar
c
(i ) C ryst al pa la ce;

(i i) E if fel tower.
(8 m ar ks )
2. (a ) St at e fo ur ar ch lte
ct ur al fe at ur es of B ar oq ue
st yl e o (6 m ar ks )
f ar ch it ec tu re .
(b ) O ut li ne fo ur id ea
ls of B au ha us m (8 m ar ks )
ov em en t.
(c ) St at e fo ur ar ch lte
ct ur al features of
F ra nk L lo yd W ri Pr ai ri e st yl e o f
gh t. ar ch it ec tu re ad vo ca te d by A
rc hi te ct
3. (a ) D es cr ib e ch ar ac
te ri st ic s of th e py
ar ch it ec tu re of an ra m id s at G iz a as
an ef fe ct iv e ex pr
(6 m ar ks ) ~
ci en t E gy pt . es si on s o f th e
(b ) E xp la in ea ch of (8 m ar ks )
th e following as
pe ct s of R en ai ss
an ce ar ch it ec tu
re :
(i ) pr op or tio n;

(i i) ae st he tic s;

(i ii ) ap pr oa ch to desi
gn.

4. (a ) O ut li ne fo u l ar
,\<ll \O~ d~ ~ ~ (1 2 m ar ks )
chitt<ctural featur
es of R om ch am p
C hap el b Y L ec
(b ) St at e tw o ch ar ac or bu s1. er .
te ri st ic s of intern (8 m ar ks )
ational st yl e of
ar chite ct ur e.
(c ) E xp la in th e fo llo
w in g archite ctural terrm. nol
og .ie s:
(3 m ar ks ) -a:;
(i) tr ad it io na l ar ch ite
ct ur e;
(i i) ve rn acular ar ch ,,:' \~
ite ct ure; ~

(i ii ) ur ba n de si gn .
;
·~ \...
_, ,t< >

9 m ar ks )

(2 0 m ar ks )
 .f. , (a)
9~line four charact · · . . ,
• . Cl.V~O c p1.wJ~\~s of Ancient l:,11.yr,t inn Architecture.
(8 marks)
\b.-<<\~ to\ \J • !> • F u\a d "' ~\ pr,<-i\' £;1(.1 \.i
(b) DisclfS'sthe An~nf E .....,,\~ \o~v~ ·"-...,t>w ri ft:1>Y \ ~ tJ v c:_.. p c. 1t(\\- l1ni'
gypllan arclutecturc under the following aspects: t:.\.. , :;c.., rd ,, Sv- •p e?J,,
') / .,wt(.\/"" C\Q.~.Sc ~ r ac,~ c.in', l _f f'nll.Y C(O "'
' (I social andpolitical structurc· f'> _l a ll\, _C\0'10..." ".· m (!,h \ c,n <t.(C...I' ("~
' ► fl.._ \\.l C\l\~ ~ () r \,.. CJ cl ~I\}\, J C v\f' 1V'f • \ ti
ii') ► wv "1 <! \1' 0 J (>hqv c,..c, vi \ wavC< JU o~
( rgaterials and techno~ o~
''!t.\
\ <!C\.J C\"' \- .,_,~~ 0
"\lt'-u o" C:.\ c\v
"' .d\J t.\Vl c.c.!
,c.~
d f"hC\." llp"" ot,c
t'\C>l..i d ~<.>0 \ .j it'l \nc., \ i c.i\ ~ ( 12 marks)
Explainthef◄
J .\l.SQc:c\ .S.\'l
"' w c,:i
t ,~~ -\<>
l'l.l\\(_,~ \,'6 C.tl\\\l.l .
7. (a) • L\J\- (\ 1,wr1 \Gl\\ ~\t\\ \L.. "~ 6.- c..l r'l ·
ollowu1g characteristics of Post modem architecture:

(i) · complexity and contradiction-,

(ii) fragmentation·,

(iii) assymetrical forms;

El (iv) humour.
( 12 marks)

(b) Discuss the Ancient Roman architecture with respect to materials and technology.
(8 marks)

Describe the following stating their architectural language: ' t , "'--... e,~ lo\ I- e, 1.i ~
· lc c ,·o."':\l:l\C-llt -s\vvc.\vc. ~ 01 ""c"=- ~
oiV\~ w et\\ S
w,\\ WI~"' MI.Jd \,v l (..~ wl\\i J Cir arks
(a) Mastaba; /
~ ~V\ c CA c.\Cl\. ...,
\ o~. \h~V.
u .,_Cl.~~~ ~µ.{)
,l),,rC>\/'nC ~ VY, ..,.
. ,., \
t\e.~c.a."'~o. ~ \D \\.\ c.. "V'd o,\_, (12 ks) k---..
(b) Pantheon. c\,\ l\""' 'o C!. " · mar .,,,,,..
\
\.\}C\.$ C,\_ "f'O ""'°' Cl V\ \ ~ IN'l-p\t!. • \t W t.\J C~\i<)clf'i CC\\
W i \"'- \7 0'- \1c.o o\ \c:1"5c · 5..-oV\~\C! -cut\V"'l\\,\,~V\ c..o\v WI- S •
"'~ Y(S'( \W'I b 0 \G\v _ \J o.. .s \( '7 \)\e f OV' c. \,\ W nIc h t.c.)Cc5
\) Y\ ~e Y C\ Corf e.. l" tt. d t!-6 n c r ec \o dcyrn e vvl \ h l\---
10
THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE. e a..n-\vo. \ Of C!- V\ I I ' \ '
\ \--, (2_ $\L _j

3
2710/205
Jwie/July 2021

s5
 2710/205
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
June/July 2023
Time: 3 hours

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE
MODULE II
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

You should have the following for this examination:

Answer booklet
This paper consists of EIGHT questions.
Answer FIVE questions in the answer booklet provided.
All questions carry equal marks.
Maximum marks for each part of a question are as indicated.
Candidates should answer the questions in English.

I This paper consists of 3 printed pages.

Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that

all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.
Turn over
© 2023 The Kenya Narional Examinarions Co1111cil
 th e architecture of a given society··
1. (a) Explain the following parnrnctcrs t1ui t influence

(i) cultural force ;

(ii) sociologicnl force:
(iii) technologicn l force;
(iv) economic force .
(12 marks)

(b) (8 marks)
Outline four ideals of Bauhaus movement ·

2. (a) Illustrate the follow ing classical orders:

(i) Corinthian order;

(ii) Ionic order;
(iii) Dorick order.
(12 marks)

(b) Outline four philosophical ideologies of Arts and Crafts movement. (8 marks)

3. (a) (IO marks)

Describe the ancient Egyptian King Zoser's pyramid.

(b) Outline the five tenets advocated by Architect Le Corbusier. (IO marks)

4. (a) State five characteristics of Postmodern Architecture. (5 marks)

(b) State five characteristics of de Stijl movement with respe~t to schroder house.
(5 marks)

(c) Outline five effects of industrial revolution. (10 marks)

5. With the aid of sketches, discuss the Maasai traditional architecture . (20 marks)

6. (a) State four principles advocated by Architect Luis Sullivan. (6 marks)

(b) State four characteristics of prairie school style of architecture. (4 marks)

(d) Outline five characteristics of Early Christian Church architecture. (10 marks)

7. (a) (i) State five functions of a mosque .

(ii) Explain the following characteristics of Islamic architecture :

(I) similar architectural aspects;

(II) unevolving architecture;
(III) orientation.
(14 marks)
2710/205 2
June/July 2023
 ~ Jlowing characteristics of organic architecture:
Explain the o
(b)
building and site;
(i)
material s.
(ii) (6 marks)

wing buildings stating their architectural language .

Discuss the fo 11 o
s. . g l 'orso in Malmo, Sweden. ( 10 marks)
Tumrn
(a)
( IO marks)
Pantheon.
(b)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.

2710/205
June/July 2023
3

l
 5001
e of decisions
, ~aeflces
. factors 111
follO\v111g
{a) Outl , , h oflhC .
• me three ways in w111ch enc
tn lTad1ttonnl an·hitl!cture:

(i) myths;

(ii) cosmology; (12 marks)

(iii) social structure;
8
(iv) materials and technology. ddweJliflgs. ( marks)
. ttlements an
fi$~m" .
(b) State four humanization and four a . the following are
it)' explain MW
. . of any commun ' ls' .
(a) Drawmg exam.pies of arch1tecture . ddwelling teve · ·, ,
achieved both at homestead community an · ·

(i) spatial hierarchy; (10 marks)

(ii) security. . . d one between the periods

There are changes that traditional architecture have un erg ( 1O marks)
(b)
t 900 - 2003. Classify these changes.

Outline how scale and proportion may affect each of the ~ollowing:
3. (a)
(i) building technology and materials ofan Egyptian temple;
(16 marks)
(ii) achieving privacy in Islamic Architecture.
(4 marks)
(b) State four reasons behind the study of history of architecture.

4. Using specific building as examples. Describe:

\

(a) Proportions and scale. ' (6 marks)

(b) Solids and voids. (4 marks)

(c) Doric and ionic columns. (6 marks)

(d) Free plan. (4 marks)

Outline four major influences in the works of Frank Bloyd Wright.
.
5. (a) (6 marks)
(b)
Outline the charaeteristws ofF . ,I apace. concept.
Stare tour ractorodial ion. (8 marks)
(c)
comu-uction, in his early works of high rise
(6 marks)

1,3()9/3"5
 1

6.
(a)
Explain four ch t , .
(b)
arac ertst1cs of John Paxien's crystal palace.
State four protag n •
(8 marks)
e llsts of the following rnovemeuts:
(i) Art nonveat1·,
(ii)
Arts and crafts.

(4 marks)
(c) Describe hvo characteristics of each of the following movements.
(i) Art nonvean;
(ii)
Art and crafts.

7. Describe the change in: (8 marks)

(a)
Focus of the Bauhausshowing how the courses were Slruc re (IO marks)
tu d to meet the change.
(b)
Discuss the changes in the industrial society brought abou Y (IO marks)
. t b the industrial revolution.
8. (a)
Outline four roles of architecture in society.
(6 marks)
(b) Explain the following types of architecture:
(i) utilitarian;

(ii) appropriate.
(6 marks)
(c) Discuss the applications
. . of urbanization in architecture.
(8 marks)

3 Turn over
2309/305

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