NATIONAL TEXTILE UNIVERSITY

Karachi Campus

ASSIGNMENT

Subject Title: ICTP

Subject Code TE-2113

Submitted To: Ma’am Safoora

Submitted By: Dildar Ahmed

Registration No: 22-NTU-KC-TE-008

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE AND CLOTHING

NATIONAL TEXTILE UNIVERSITY
KARACHI CAMPUS
OXIDATIVE DESIZING:

Oxidative desizing is a crucial step in textile manufacturing, particularly in the

preparation of fabrics for further processing such as dyeing and finishing. Sizing
agents, typically starch-based compounds, are applied to yarns or fabrics during
weaving to improve their handling and weaving characteristics. However, these
sizing agents must be removed before subsequent treatments to ensure proper
dye penetration and finishing effects.

The oxidative desizing process involves the use of oxidizing agents to break
down and remove the sizing materials from the fabric. Hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) is one of the most commonly used oxidizing agents in this process due
to its effectiveness and relatively mild nature. Other oxidizing agents such as
sodium hypochlorite or sodium chlorite can also be used, but they may have
harsher effects on the fabric and the environment.

During oxidative desizing, the hydrogen peroxide reacts with the starch
molecules present in the sizing agent, breaking them down into smaller, water-
soluble fragments that can be easily washed away from the fabric. This reaction
typically occurs under alkaline conditions, which are achieved by adding alkali,
such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), to the desizing bath.

The efficiency of the oxidative desizing process depends on various factors

including the concentration of the oxidizing agent, temperature, pH, and
duration of treatment. Optimizing these parameters is essential to ensure
complete removal of sizing agents while minimizing damage to the fabric.

After desizing, the fabric undergoes thorough rinsing to remove any residual
chemicals and by-products of the desizing reaction. This step is critical to
prevent contamination of subsequent processing baths and to maintain the
quality of the finished product.

In summary, oxidative desizing plays a vital role in textile manufacturing by

facilitating the removal of sizing agents from fabrics, thereby enabling
successful dyeing and finishing processes. Proper optimization of desizing
parameters is essential to achieve optimal results while maintaining fabric
integrity.

NOVEL DESIZING:

Innovations in the desizing process within textile manufacturing have been

driven by the need for more sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly
methods. Traditional desizing techniques often involve harsh chemicals and
high water consumption, which can be detrimental to both the environment and
human health. As a result, researchers and industry experts have been exploring
novel approaches to desizing that mitigate these issues.

One promising avenue is the use of enzymatic desizing agents. Enzymes are
biodegradable and can effectively break down the starches and other sizing
agents used in the weaving process. This approach not only reduces the
environmental impact but also requires less water and energy compared to
conventional methods. Enzymatic desizing has gained traction in recent years
due to its effectiveness and sustainability.

Another innovative desizing method involves the use of environmentally

friendly chemicals. Researchers have been developing alternative desizing
agents that are less harmful to the environment while still maintaining high
desizing efficiency. These chemicals may include bio-based solvents or
surfactants that can effectively remove sizing agents from the fabric without
causing harm to the ecosystem.

Advancements in nanotechnology have also contributed to novel desizing

processes. Nanomaterials can be engineered to have specific properties that
enhance desizing efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. For
example, nanoparticles can be designed to target and break down sizing agents
more effectively, reducing the amount of water and energy required for the
desizing process.

Furthermore, innovative desizing techniques often incorporate process

optimization and automation to further improve efficiency and reduce resource
consumption. By fine-tuning parameters such as temperature, pH, and agitation,
manufacturers can achieve optimal desizing results while minimizing waste and
energy usage.

In conclusion, novel desizing processes in textile manufacturing are focused on

sustainability, efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Through the use of
enzymatic agents, environmentally friendly chemicals, nanotechnology, and
process optimization, the industry is moving towards more sustainable and
efficient desizing methods that minimize environmental impact and resource
consumption.