ACTIVE FAULT ZONES AND SEISMIC ZONATION MAP OF THAILAND:

A NEW SCENARIO

P Charusiri a, S.
P. S Pailoplee a, S.
S Kosuwan b, I.I Takashima c, B.P.
B P Rhodes d
a Earthquake and Tectonic Geology Research Unit (EATGU), Department of Geology,
Chulalongkorn University
b Environmental Geology Division, Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
c Center for Geo-Environmental Sciences (CGES), Faculty of Engineering and Resource

Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan

d Department of Geological Sciences,
Sciences California State University,
University Fullerton,
Fullerton CA 92831,
92831 USA

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 OUTLINE

• Past: What happened in the past?

• Present: What is the outcome at present?

• Future: What do we plan to do in the future?

(Paleo-)Tectonics
(Paleo )Tectonics and Neotectonic to Paleoseismological Investigations

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Cooperation with Taiwan University Past, Present,
and Future
• Prof. Tony Lee (NTNU) and Mary Yee

Prof. C. Lan
(Academia Sinica)
Prof. Ching-Hu Lo (NTU)

Hope you will be the next

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand
 Something in common: Tectonic Framework in Mainland
Southeast Asia

(Tapponnier et al., 1982)

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand
 Tectonic Framework in Mainland Southeast Asia
SGF = Sagaing Fault

Extention
Tibetan
Plateau

MPF = Mae Ping Fault CHINA

RNF = Ranong Fault INDIA

INDIA
CCoo
m
mp
prr
STB SCB

KMF = Klong Marui Fault

eesss
siioo WBB
nn
20°
20°

SGF
STB
CBB
LLC

S
SMF = Sumatra Fault South
China Sea

BB
NNTT
NUF = Nan Uttaradit Fault

TP
ICB

F
Andaman Sea
TPF = Three Pagodas Fault

M
PF
FF
RRNN

MFF
RRF = Red River Fault

KM
K
ST
B

IC
B
In
Kalimantan

di
an
0°
0°

Oc
ea
n

SM
Pl
at

F
e

(Polachan et al., 1991) 80°
80°
0 500
kilometers
1,000
100°
100° 120°
120°

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Instrumental Earthquake Records
Map of mainland SE Asia showing 25oN

the distributions of the Myanmar

earthquakes with a Mw of > 5 20oN CHRI

Laos
MHIT
from the IRIS earthquake CMMT NAN
PHARE
LO
TAK

catalogue.
SKNT
PBKT KHON
Thailand
UBPT
15oN KHLT KRDT
SRDT

CHBT Cambodia

Vietnam
10oN
RNTT
SURT 5
PKDT TRTT 6
SON 7
8
5oN 9
M l
Malaysia
i

0oN
300 km Indonesia

95oE 100oE 105oE 110oE

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Instrumental Earthquake Records (Significant earthquake events)
23 May 1912 22 December 1925
Mw 8.0 6.5 mb
Brown (1914) Bott (1997)

3 December 1930 13 December 2006

M 7.3
Mw 73 5 1 Mw
5.1
Brown and Leicester (1933) RID (2006)

4 December 1930 17 February 1975

Mw 7.3 mb 5.6
Brown and Leicester (1933) TMD (1976)

26 December 2004 22 April 1983

Mw 9.0 mb 5.9
Martin (2005) TMD (1984)

EQ data (1963-2002) : 14,286 events

Source : Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Historical Earthquake Records (Ancient Remains)
A.D. 1009, Wiang Nong Lom A.D. 1545, Royal Pagoda A.D. 1764, Pua

A.D. 1839, Innwa EQ A.D. 1917, Bago (Pygu) EQ A.D. 2008 Paleo-tsunami
A D 1956,
A.D. 1956 Sagaing
S i EQ

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Seismic Source Zone in Thailand
E K
D J
C F
A = Andaman subduction zone H
B
B= Central Myanmar zone I
O G
C= Sagaing
g g Fault Zone
L
N
I = Khorat Plateau M P
T

D= Gulf of Thailand zone A

R = Malayy Peninsula zone Q

S U

600 กิโลเมตร
Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand
 Remote Sensing Investigation

Central Myanmar

ult
ng fa
Sagia
Figure b

a 300 km

Sagiang fault

b 400 m
Pua FZ. Sagiang FZ.

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Remote Sensing Investigation
a b
19.1 18.6
d
20 a
c b 18.2
18.7

10
18.3 17.8
98.7 99.1 99.5 99.6 100 100.4
0 c d
90 100 110 18 22.4

Fault Zones
a - Mae Tha
17 6
17.6 22
b - Lampang-Thoen and Phrae
c - Moei-Tongyi and Mae Hong Sorn
d - Dein Bein Fu
17.2 21.6
97.5 97.9 98.3 102.8 103.2
Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand
 Radon Survey

พืน
้ ที่ 3 บ้า นห้วยเคีย ้ สํารวจที่ E
๊ ะ เสน

25

20
etration

15
(KBq/m 3)
Radon Conce

10

0
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
-5
Position

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Resistivity Survey

Line 1‐2
12

รอยแตกหรือรอยเลื่อน

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Paleoseismological Investigation in Thailand
Ongkalak FZ.

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Geological Earthquake Records
Phrae FZ.

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Active Fault Maps in Thailand
รอยเลืื่อนมีีพลังั (Active
( f )
fault)
18

14

10

96 100 104

(Chuaviroj, 1991) (Charusiri et al., 2000) (DMR, 2006)

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Recurrence Intervals for Active Faults in Thailand
(Latest Results)
Mae Chan 300 yr
Mae Tha1,200 yr
25
Pua 1,600 yr
Mae Ping1,300 yr Thoen 1,200 yr

Sri Sawat 500 yr 20 Phrae 10,000 yr

M Yom
Mae Y 1,200
1 200 yr
Thailand
Three Pagoda 500 yr 15
Ongkarak 600 yr
Ranong 2,000 yr 10

Klong Marui1,000
Marui1 000 yr
5

0 250 km
Punya Charusiri 90 95 100 105 110 Seismic Zonation in Thailand
 Rate of Fault Slip in Thailand (Base mainly on Active Fault Study)
Map of Thailand showing 0.3-3.0 mm/yr
Myanmar
1

0.7 mm/yr
Major Active Faults
Fault Zone

the 17 major active fault 7 2 A6 5

4
0.6 mm/yr

0.1-3.0 mm/yr
1 Mae Chan
19oN 2 Mae Tha

zones, active fault class,

0.15 mm/yr 0.1 mm/yr
0.17 mm/yr 3 0.06-0.1 mm/yr 17 3 Thoen-Long-Phrae
0.16 mm/yr 0.14-0.8 mm/yr 4 Nam Pat
0.17-0.55 mm/yr
Laos 5 Pua
and the five Seismically 9 8
15 6 Phayao
7 Mae Hong Son

Active Belts (SABs), 0.22-0.76 mm/yr

0.5-2.0 mm/yr B
Thailand
15oN 8 Mae Ping
9 Si Sawat
E
including the slip rate 10

16
10 Three Pagodas
11 Ranong
12 Klong Marui
(mm/yr) of each individual
Cambodia
Gulf of 13 Klong Thom
11 Thailand 14 Pattani

fault segment. o

an Sea
11 N 15 Phetchabun
0.1 mm/yr
y 16 Klaeng

Andama
17 Tha Khaek
0.24 mm/yr
13
12 SAB
0.43 mm/yr
C A Northern
Active Fault Class B Western-Northwestern
Active
7oN C Central Peninsula
Probably Active D Southern Peninsula
D 14 Possibly Active E Eastern-Northeastern

98oE 102oE 106oE

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 Earlier Seismic Zonation Map in Thailand
Map of Thailand showing earlier seismic zoning data from (a) Chandrarangsu
(1986), (b) Prachaub and Wechbunthung (1992) and (c) Lukkunaprasit (1994). S

Myanmar Myanmar Myanmar

2 Laos 3 Laos Laos

2 3
1 2
18oN 2 1
1
1 2 0 2
Thailand Th il d
Thailand Th il d
Thailand

(0) Aseismic 14oN

0
1
0 3
2 1

(1) Weak Cambodia

0
0 Cambodia

1
Cambodia

(2) Intermediate 10oN 1 Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand

(3) Strong 1 0
1

0
6oN 200 km 0 a 200 km b 200 km c
98oE 102oE 106oE 98oE 102oE 106oE 98oE 102oE 106oE

Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand

 A New Seismic Zonation Map of Thailand (This Study)
Zone 0 earthquakes rarely occur; most Myanmar 3
Laos 2
faults are inactive 3
18oN
1
Zone 1 very slightly earthquake prone; 2
most faults are possibly active Thailand 0

14oN
Zone 2 prone to earthquakes and with 3 1
Cambodia
possibly and probably active faults 0

10oN Gulf of Thailand

Zone 3 very prone to earthquakes with
active and probably active faults

6oN 200 km Malaysia

98oE 102oE 106oE
Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand
 ฤา จะเป็ นแค่ ...ตํานาน
นิทานประโลมโลก หรื อ “สัญญาณ” จากโลก !!!

Future work: Advance techniques in

Paleoseismological investigation
Punya Charusiri Thanks a lot for your attention Seismic Zonation in Thailand
Punya Charusiri Seismic Zonation in Thailand