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3-2
Ans: The primary structure of a protein is linked by covalent peptide bonds. The secondary structure is stabilized
by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the peptide backbone. The tertiary structure is stabilized by hydrophobic
3-3
interactions between the nonpolar side groups and hydrogen bonds between polar side groups. The quaternary
structure is held together by noncovalent bonds between protein subunits.
Question Type: Essay
Chapter: 3
Blooms: Understanding
Difficulty: Easy
5. Many proteins contain one or more motifs built from particular combinations of secondary structure. Describe the
three common structural motifs discussed in this chapter.
Ans: The three structural motifs described in this chapter include the coiled coil motif, the helix-loop-helix motif,
and the zinc finger motif. The coiled-coil motif consists of two or more  helices wrapped around one another. The
helix-loop-helix motif consists of two helices connected by a loop that contains certain hydrophilic residues at
invariant positions in the loop. The zinc-finger motif consists of an  helix and two  strands held together by a
zinc ion in a fingerlike bundle.
Chapter: 3
Application
Difficulty: Moderate
6. What types of bonds are apt to be more common in the nonaqueous, interior environment of a protein than in the
aqueous, surface environment of a protein?
Ans: Proteins are arranged so that hydrophilic amino acids are on the surface of the protein and hydrophobic amino
acids are in the interior. Hence, hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions with water are particularly common at the
protein surface; hydrophobic interactions are more common in the protein interior.
Chapter: 3
Blooms: Applying
7. There are many important roles for the dynamic nature of proteins in a cell. Which of the following is NOT likely
to describe one such reason?
a. A protein’s structure determines its function.
b. Other molecules could be needed to allow proteins to fold into their active (ordered) conformation.
c. Quaternary structures are usually very transient (occur for short periods of time).
d. Proteins are crucial for many cell functions.
Ans: c
Question Type: Multiple Choice
Chapter: 3
Blooms: Applying
9. You are studying an oligopeptide composed of eight amino acids. The four amino acids nearest the C terminus are
nonpolar. The two amino acids nearest the N terminus are charged. The middle two amino acids are polar. Which
amino acid is likely to be labeled as number 2?
a. threonine
b. phenylalanine
c. glutamine
d. lysine
Ans: d
Chapter: 3
3-4
Blooms: Applying
10. A protein containing several proline residues is:

a. not likely to form quarternary structures.
b. likely to be an integral membrane protein.
c. not likely to form alpha helices.
d. likely to be found in beta turns.
Ans: c
Chapter: 3
Blooms: Remembering
11. Which of the following is true about protein folding?

a. Amino acids cluster in the primary sequence so that all the hydrophobic amino acids are near each other to
facilitate folding into the hydrophobic core of the tertiary structure.
b.All known proteins have well-ordered conformations.
c.Amino acids with hydrophobic, nonpolar side chains stabilize the tertiary structure through hydrogen bonding with
water molecules surrounding the proteins.
d.Elements from the secondary structure are maintained in the tertiary structure.
Ans: d
Chapter: 3
12. When comparing domains and structural motifs, which of the following is NOT true?
a.Motifs are found in secondary structures, while domains are found in tertiary structures.
b.Helices are observed in motifs and domains.
c.Structural domains appear in different proteins with similar functions, while structural motifs have been less
conserved over evolution.
d.A domain may be repeated in the same protein, but multiple copies of the same motif are rare.
Ans: c
Chapter: 3
13. You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved?
a. secondary structure
b. primary structure
c. tertiary structure
d. quaternary structure
Ans: b
Chapter: 3
Difficulty: Easy
14. Two proteins that have a similar function:

a. will share similar amino acid sequences if they are homologs.
3-5
b. must have similar amino acid sequences.

c. will have identical primary structures.
d. belong in families together.
Ans: a
Chapter: 3
Blooms: Remembering
Section 3.2
15. All the following statements about molecular chaperones are true EXCEPT:
a. they play a role in the proper folding of proteins.
b. they are located in every cellular compartment.
c. they are found only in mammals.
d. they bind a wide range of proteins.
Ans: c
Chapter 3.2
Difficulty: Easy
16. Hsp90 family members are present in all organisms EXCEPT:

a. archaea.
b. bacteria.
c. fungi.
d. plants.
Ans: a
Chapter 3.2
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
17. Describe the mechanism by which the bacterial chaperonin GroEL promotes protein folding.
Ans: The bacterial chaperonin GroEL forms a barrel-shaped complex of 14 identical subunits. A partially folded or
misfolded polypeptide is inserted into the GroEL barrel, where it binds to the inner wall and folds into its native
conformation. In an ATP-dependent step, the GroEL barrel expands to a more open state, which results in release of
the folded protein.
Chapter 3.2
18. What role does aberrant protein folding play in the development of a disease such as Alzheimer’s disease?
Ans: Misfolding of a protein marks it for degradation by proteolytic cleavage. In Alzheimer’s disease, misfolding
and subsequent proteolytic degradation of the amyloid precursor protein generates a short fragment called -amyloid
protein, which changes from an -helical to a -sheet conformation. This aberrant structure aggregates into highly
stable filaments called amyloid plaques that accumulate in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients.
Chapter 3.2
3-6
Difficulty: Easy
19. Which of the following does NOT impose limits on protein folding?
a. ability of side chains to form hydrogen and ionic bonds
b. backbone sequence of the polypeptide
c. rotations of the planes around the peptide bonds
d. size of side chains
Ans: b
Chapter 3.2
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
20. Eggs are protein-rich foods. An uncooked egg can catalyze a reaction that breaks down bacterial cell walls. After
cooking, this activity is almost abolished. This is likely because:
a. the enzyme became denatured.
b. bacteria can grow on cooked eggs. c.
the cell membranes were liquefied. d.
cooking sped up chemical reactions.
Ans: a
Section 3.2
21. The correct order for molecular chaperone–mediated protein folding is:
I – exchange of ATP for ADP on chaperone
II – chaperone undergoes conformational change, which affects protein folding
III – chaperone binds to exposed hydrophobic residues on unfolded protein
IV – folded protein is released
a. I, II, III, IV
b. III, II, I, IV
c. III, I, II, IV
d. II, III, I, IV
Ans: b
Section 3.2
Difficulty: Easy
Section 3.3
22. All the following statements about enzymes are true EXCEPT:
a. they function in an aqueous environment.
b. they lower the activation energy of a reaction.
c. they increase the rate of a reaction.
d. a single enzyme typically reacts with many different substrates.
Ans: d
Chapter 3.3
Difficulty: Easy
3-7
23. The Km for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction:

a. determines the shape of the kinetics curve.
b. determines the Vmax for the reaction.
c. is a measure of the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme.
d. is a measure of the rate of the reaction.
Ans: c
Chapter 3.3
24. For an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, doubling the concentration of enzyme will:

a. double the Vmax.
b. halve the Vmax.
c. double the Km.
d. halve the Km.
Ans: a
Chapter 3.3
Application
Difficulty: Easy
25. A small molecule that binds directly to the active site of an enzyme and disrupts its catalytic reaction is called:
a. an allosteric inhibitor.
b. a competitive inhibitor.
c. a noncompetitive inhibitor.
d. RNAi.
Ans: b
Chapter 3.3
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
26. Changes in the conformational shape of an enzyme that diminish the size of its ligand-binding pocket are likely
to affect an enzyme’s:
a. specificity.
b. affinity.
c. epitope.
d.specificity and affinity.
Ans:d
Section 3.3
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
27. Which of the following is true about enzymes?

a.The catalytic site is responsible for substrate specificity.
b.Reactions catalyzed by enzymes give the products more free energy than reactions that occur spontaneously.
c.The rate of an enzymatic reaction is always proportional to the concentration of the substrate .
3-8
d.Enzymes increase reaction rates by lowering the activation energy needed to reach the transition state.
Ans: d
Section 3.3
Section 3.4
28. Which of the following plays a role in the degradation of proteins?

a. RNAi
b. ubiquitin
c. proteasome
d. b and c
Ans: d
Multiple select
Chapter 3.4
Difficulty: Easy
29. Which of the following modifications marks a protein for degradation in proteasomes?
a. phosphorylation
b. ubiquitinylation
c. acetylation
d. glycosylation
Ans: b
Chapter 3.4
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
30. Protein self-splicing:

a. is autocatalytic.
b. occurs in all eukaryotes.
c. is an ATP-dependent process.
d. is autocatalytic and occurs in all eukaryotes.
Ans: a
Chapter 3.4
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
31. Proteases that attack selected peptide bonds within a polypeptide chain are synthesized and secreted as inactive
forms called:
a. carboxypeptidases.
b. aminopeptidases.
c. zymogens.
d. none of the above
Ans: c
Chapter 3.4
3-9
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
32. Which of the following is a mechanism for regulating protein activity?

a. proteolytic processing
b. phosphorylation/dephosphorylation
c. ligand binding
d. all of the above
Ans: d
Chapter 3.4
Difficulty: Easy
33. Protein kinase A is converted from an inactive state to an active state by binding:
a. ATP.
b. calcium.
c. cAMP.
d. ATP and cAMP.
Ans: c
Chapter 3.4
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
34. Kinases, which are responsible for the activation or inactivation of a number of proteins, add phosphate groups
onto:
a. tryptophan residues.
b. serine residues.
c. cysteine residues.
d. tryptophan and cysteine residues.
Ans: b
Chapter 3.4
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
35. The conversion of inactive chymotrypsinogen to active chymotrypsin is an example of:

a. proteolytic activation.
b. positive cooperativity.
c. allostery.
d. ligand-induced activation.
Ans: a
Chapter 3.4
Difficulty: Easy
36. Describe the general mechanism by which a multisubunit protein can be activated by binding an allosteric
effector molecule.
3 - 10
Ans: A multisubunit protein often contains both regulatory and catalytic subunits. In the absence of the allosteric
effector molecule, the active site of the enzyme is masked by the regulatory subunit. Upon binding the allosteric
effector molecule, a conformational change occurs, which relievesthe suppressionby the regulatory subuniton the
catalytic subunit.
Chapter 3.4
Difficulty: Difficult
37. What is positive cooperativity?
Ans: The activity of a protein can be modulated by binding a ligand. Cooperativity describes a phenomenon in
which the binding of one ligand molecule affects the binding of subsequent ligand molecules. This allows a protein
molecule to respond more efficiently to small changes in ligand concentration. In positive cooperativity, the binding
of one ligand molecule enhances the binding of subsequent ligand molecules.
Chapter 3.4
38. A misfolded protein targeted to the proteasome will undergo:

a. unfolding using energy released by ATPases.
b. entry into the proteasome through the narrow channel in the beta channel.
c. death by a thousand cuts in the alpha subunit rings.
d. complete cleavage into its amino acid monomers.
Ans: a
Section 3.4
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
39. Modification of proteins by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like E3ligases can stimulate all of the following EXCEPT:
a. recognition of intracellular viruses.
b. regulation of the cell cycle.
c. mRNA stability.
d. nuclear import.
Ans: c
Section 3.4
Blooms: Remembering
40. GTPases serve in many signal transduction pathways and the presence of GTP or GDP dictates whether the
pathway is on or off, respectively. Which of the following statements is true regarding guanine nucleotide exchange
factors (GEF) and their role in these signaling pathways?
a. They hydrolyze GTP into GDP and P i.
b. They decrease the GTPase activity of the G-protein.
c. They catalyze the dissociation of GDP on the G-protein to therefore promote the replacement of GTP.
d. none of the above
Ans: c
Section 3.4
3 - 11
Blooms: Remembering
Section 3.5
41. Which of the following methods can separate proteins based on their mass?
a. centrifugation
b. ion exchange chromatography
c. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
d. centrifugation and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Ans: d
Chapter 3.5
42.In two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, proteins are first resolved by and then by .
a. IEF; SDS-PAGE
b. SDS-PAGE; affinity chromatography
c. SDS-PAGE; ion exchange
d. IEF; gel filtration
Ans: a
Chapter 3.5
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
43. Gel filtration chromatography separates proteins on the basis of their:

a. charge.
b. mass.
c. affinity for a ligand.
d. mass and charge.
Ans: b
Chapter 3.5
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
44. Starting with 1 mCi (milliCurie) of a phosphorus-32-labeled compound, how long would it take until only 0.125
mCi remains?
a. 14.3 days
b. 28.6 days
c. 42.9 days
d. 57.2 days
Ans: c
Chapter 3.5
Application
45. Western blotting is a method for detecting:

a. DNA.
3 - 12
b. RNA.
c. protein.
d. carbohydrate.
Ans: c
Chapter 3.5
Blooms: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
46. What is the basis for separation of proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis? Why is this better for
resolving a mixture of proteins?
Ans: In the first dimension, proteins are separated by isoelectric focusing, which separates proteins on the basis of
their charge. In the second dimension, the proteins that have been separated by charge are further separated by their
molecular weight (mass). The advantage of the two-dimensional technique is its ability to separate proteins more
effectively. For example, two proteins with the same molecular weight could not be separated by one-dimensional
SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, if these proteins differed in charge, then the two-dimensional
gel would be able to separate these proteins into unique spots.
Chapter 3.5
Application
47. How can gel filtration chromatography separate proteins based on their mass?
Ans: In gel filtration chromatography, a column of porous beads made from acrylamide, dextran, or agarose is
poured into a column. Proteins flow around the spherical beads. Because the surface of the beads contains large
depressions, smaller proteins will penetrate into the depressions more easily than larger proteins and thus will travel
more slowly through the column than larger proteins.
Chapter 3.5
Difficulty: Easy
48. What is Western blotting? How can this technique be used to detect proteins?
Ans: Western blotting or immunoblotting is a method for identifying proteins separated on a gel using a specific
antibody. The proteins are first separated by molecular weight using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then
transferred from the gel to a membrane. The membrane is incubated with a primary antibody specific for the desired
protein. After unbound antibody is washed away, the presence of the bound primary antibody is detected using a
secondary enzyme-linked antibody. The presence of the antibody-enzyme complex can then be detected using a
chromogenic substrate.
Chapter 3.5
Difficulty: Easy
49. A chunk of tissue is treated so that each cell’s membrane is broken open to release the contents inside, and then
subjected to differential centrifugation. Which of the following is true at the end of the centrifugation?
a. Depending on the speed of the centrifugation, the proteasome is more likely to be in the supernatant than a
chaperone.
b. Proteins of similar density will be found in the same fraction (either pellet or supernatant).
3 - 13
c. The pellet contains the least dense material.

d. The pellet will contain a purified protein for further analysis.
Ans: b
Section 3.5
Application
Section 3.6
50. Medical researchers are developing new clinical tests that detect and analyze the expression of multiple proteins
and protein complexes in the hope that they might improve diagnosis of diseases such as early stage cancers. What
techniques might researchers use in these studies?
Ans: They might use protein separation techniques such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and high-throughput
LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy) to separate and identify proteins and protein fragments on a
global scale.
Chapter 3.6
Difficulty: Easy
51. Proteomics allows researchers to:

a. examine where a protein is located within the cytosol of a cell.
b. compare thousands of samples from different people in the same experiment.
c. examine which proteins differ in abundance between a normal sample and a disease sample.
d. use antibodies to label specific proteins on an SDS-PAGE gel.
Ans: c
Section 3.6
Application
52. Mass spectrometry techniques are used in proteomics for all of the following purposes EXCEPT:
a. identification of thousands of proteins’ amino acid sequences within a single cell.

b. characterization of proteolyticallydigested pieces of proteins from the sample.
c. identification of all the protein complexes present in certain yeast species.
d. identification of proteins within each organelle in liver tissue.
Ans: a
Section 3.6
Difficulty: Easy
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on the intrenchments and blockhouses on the hills to the left.
The regiment was deployed on both sides of the road, and moved
forward until we came to the rearmost lines of the regulars.
We continued to move forward until I ordered a charge, and the
men rushed the blockhouse and rifle pits on the hill to the
right of our advance. They did the work in fine shape, though
suffering severely. The guidons of Troops E and G were first
planted on the summit, though the first men up were some A and
B troopers who were with me.
"We then opened fire on the intrenchments on a hill to our

left which some of the other regiments were assailing and
which they carried a few minutes later. Meanwhile we were
under a heavy rifle fire from the intrenchments along the
hills to our front, from whence they also shelled us with a
piece of field artillery until some of our marksmen silenced
it. When the men got their wind we charged again and carried
the second line of intrenchments with a rush. Swinging to the
left, we then drove the Spaniards over the brow of the chain
of hills fronting Santiago. By this time the regiments were
much mixed, and we were under a very heavy fire, both of
shrapnel and from rifles from the batteries, intrenchments,
and forts immediately in front of the city. On the extreme
front I now found myself in command with fragments of the six
cavalry regiments of the two brigades under me. The Spaniards
made one or two efforts to retake the line, but were promptly
driven back.
"Both General Sumner and you sent me word to hold the line at
all hazards, and that night we dug a line of intrenchments
across our front, using the captured Spaniards' intrenching
tools. We had nothing to eat except what we captured from the
Spaniards; but their dinners had fortunately been cooked, and
we ate them with relish, having been fighting all day. We had
no blankets and coats, and lay by the trenches all night. The
Spaniards attacked us once in the night, and at dawn they
opened a heavy artillery and rifle fire. Very great assistance
was rendered us by Lieutenant Parker's Gatling battery at
critical moments; he fought his guns at the extreme front of
the firing line in a way that repeatedly called forth the
cheers of my men. One of the Spanish batteries which was used
against us was directly in front of the hospital so that the
red cross flag flew over the battery, saving it from our fire
for a considerable period. The Spanish Mauser bullets made
clean wounds; but they also used a copper-jacketed or
brass-jacketed bullet which exploded, making very bad wounds
indeed.
"Since then we have continued to hold the ground; the food has
been short; and until today [July 4] we could not get our
blankets, coats, or shelter tents, while the men lay all day
under the fire from the Spanish batteries, intrenchments, and
guerrillas in trees, and worked all night in the trenches,
never even taking off their shoes. But they are in excellent
spirits, and ready and anxious to carry out any orders they
receive. At the end of the first day the eight troops were
commanded, two by captains, three by first lieutenants, two by
second lieutenants, and one by the sergeant whom you made
acting lieutenant. We went into the fight about 490 strong; 86
were killed or wounded, and there are about half a dozen
missing. The great heat prostrated nearly 40 men, some of them
among the best in the regiment."
Annual Reports of the War Department, 1898,

volume 1, part 2, page 684.
There have been much contradiction and controversy concerning

some of the orders by which the battle of San Juan was
directed. The following are the conclusions on that subject of
a civilian observer who seems to have seen and investigated
with impartiality:
"The orders under which the battle of San Juan was fought were
given by Adjutant-General McClernand to General Kent, commanding
the Infantry Division—consisting, in addition to the
organizations already mentioned (Wikoff's and Pearson's
brigades), of the First Brigade, including the Sixth and
Sixteenth United States Infantry and the Seventy-first New
York, under General Hawkins—at about nine o'clock in the
morning. There is no question fortunately as to the exact
wording of the orders. A little green knoll to the left of the
Santiago road and half a mile short of the San Juan Heights was
pointed out as the point which was to be the extreme limit of
the forward movement of the Infantry Division. Once there,
further orders would be given. The orders under which General
Sumner advanced from El Pozo would appear to have been more
specific, and certainly more clear than the orders which
General Kent received for the Infantry Division a few minutes
later. At the same time, it is true that these orders were
also based upon a complete misconception of the situation and
a total ignorance of the Spanish position and the lay of the
country beyond El Pozo. General Sumner's orders were to
advance along that branch of the Aguadores Creek which runs
parallel with the Santiago road from El Pozo, until it joins
the main stream of the Aguadores at the angle subsequently
known as the 'bloody angle,' where the creek makes a sharp
turn to the left, and then runs a general southerly course
toward the town of Aguadores and the sea. This creek General
Sumner was instructed to hold until the result of Lawton's
attack upon Caney became known, and he received further
orders. Once the creek was reached, Sumner, under the most
unfavorable circumstances of a heavy fire, and the thick and
pathless jungles which his men had to penetrate, deployed his
whole division, and then sent back word to McClernand, the
adjutant-general of the corps, acquainting him with the actual
conditions by which he was confronted, and asking whether his
orders contemplated an attack upon the enemy's intrenched
position, setting forth at the same time the utter
impossibility of keeping his men inactive for a long time
under such a heavy fire as was being poured in upon them.
{607}
"Had it been proposed to carry out the plan, as discussed and

agreed upon at General Shafter's headquarters the night
before, to advance along the right flank of the Spanish
position, keeping in touch with Lawton, obviously these two
divisions, or a large part of them, should have been directed
to take the direct road which ran north from El Pozo to
Marianaje and thence to El Caney, leaving in front of San Juan
only force sufficient to retain the Spaniards in their
position. But the divisions were ordered to proceed along the
Santiago road, and in a very few minutes came under fire. The
original plan may have been changed at the last moment, of
course; but as every movement that was subsequently made was
in the line of carrying this plan out, until finally, on the
12th, General Lawton succeeded in completely investing the
town on the north and west, this does not seem likely. The
more probable explanation of the movement and of what
followed, and the one accepted by general officers, is as
follows: That it was still intended to follow Lawton's advance
on the right, but that owing to our failure to develop the
Spanish position in our front, and our complete ignorance of
the lay of the land, the flank movement was not begun until
too late—not until the troops had been led into a position
from which they could be extricated only by wresting from the
Spaniards the block-houses and the trenches from which,
unexposed and unseen, they were delivering such a galling fire
upon our men, engaged in wandering aimlessly about in an
almost trackless tropical jungle. At this moment of great
confusion and uncertainty, when the road was choked with the
regiments of both the cavalry and infantry divisions, mutually
hindering one another in their struggles to advance, and
having to sustain a heavy and destructive fire which could not
be answered, an ordeal even for the veteran soldier; at this
moment, when something might still have been done to mislead
the enemy and cover our advance, the war balloon was sent up
directly behind our columns. This mistake betrayed the exact
location of our advance, and the Spanish fire became heavier
and better directed, and our losses more severe."
S. Bonsal,
The Fight for Santiago,
chapter 6 (New York: Doubleday, Page & Company).
The same writer gives a sickening account of the sufferings of

the wounded after the battle and the miserable failure of
provision for any kind of succor or care of them. "Of course:"
he says, "in view of the perilous situation which the two
divisions now occupied upon the crest of the hill, and the
great anxiety which was felt at headquarters for the safety of
the whole army, and the preparations which had to be made
against the expected night attack of the Spaniards to drive
our men back and retake their lost position, the search for
the dead and wounded this evening had to be confined to a very
limited area, and was only as thorough as the shortness of the
time for which men could be spared from the colors permitted.
The jungle and the great fields of long grass were not
searched, and thus many of the wounded were not discovered
until the following day; and quite a number, indeed, not until
the armistice was declared, on the third day after the battle,
when the men had time to ransack the hill-side and the valley
for the missing. And there were some—those who had the
strength when they fell to crawl through the cactus, the
Spanish bayonet, and all manner of prickly and trailing plants
into the deeper and more protected recesses of the jungle—who
were never discovered at all until days, many days, had
passed; and the gathering of the vultures told where some poor
fellow had died without care and without food, of his wounds
or from starvation. Of such an one, when his place of hiding
was discovered, there was, as a rule, only left a whitened
skeleton and pieces of the uniform he had worn. The last
resting place of not a few was never discovered at all.
"I believe I am giving a moderate estimate when I say that at

least one-third of the men wounded on July 1st received no
attention, and were not brought back to the division hospital
until the afternoon of Ju]y 3d. This night we knew nothing,
and had not even the slightest suspicion, of how numerous the
undiscovered wounded were. … Only about half of the wounded
men who were discovered this evening and been brought back to
the dressing station when the moon rose above the dark forest
line, and lit up the battlefield and the heights of San Juan
as clearly, and, indeed, more clearly than day, for there was
now not the dazzling force and the confusing mirage of the
pitiless sunlight to blind the sight. The majority of these
men had had their wounds dressed where they fell, or soon
after falling, with the first-aid bandages. There were very
few indeed to whom it had been possible to give any further
attention than this, as the regimental surgeons, for want of
transportation, had been unable to bring their medical chests,
and those who were best provided carried with them only small
pocket cases. …
"When the first-aid bandages were applied, the wounded man and
those who helped him were, as a rule, under fire, which made
any but the most summary methods of wound-dressing quite
impossible. Fortunately these bandages, so simple and
practical, lent themselves excellently well to this procedure.
The first thing the soldiers or the hospital attendants would
do when they came upon a wounded man was, in the case of a
wound in the body, to tear off his shirt, or in the case of a
wound in the leg, tear off his trousers, and then wrap around
the wound the first-aid bandage. The wound-dressers were
generally in such haste, and the wounded men usually so
helpless to assist in any way, and their shirts and trousers
so rotten from the drenching rains in which they had been worn
without change day or night, that the taking off of the clothing
was literally what I call it—tearing, and the garment came off
so rent as to be quite useless for further wear. Consequently
the soldiers were carried half-naked, or, if they had been
wounded in both the body and the lower limbs, as was so
frequently the case, entirely naked, to the army wagons and so
down to the hospital, where there was not a scrap of clothing
or bedding forthcoming to cover them with. These who were
stripped in this way during the daytime were baked and
blistered by the fierce sunlight, only to shiver with the
penetrating cold and dampness after the rain had ceased to
fall and when the chill night came on.
"Knowing that he was totally unprepared to clothe or cover the

wounded that would probably be brought in, the chief surgeon
of the corps issued an order, the evening before the battle,
that all wounded men should be brought in with their blankets,
halves of shelter-tents, and ponchos when possible. This was
certainly a step in the right direction, even if it was but a
frank confession by the authorities that no preparation had
been made by them for the emergency which it cannot be said
was suddenly thrust upon them, but which they might have
foreseen and should have been preparing against for many weeks
previous.
{608}
While the attending soldiers, realizing how serious for their
wounded comrades it would be to have to lie in the hospitals
uncovered to wind and weather, made great efforts to find
their packs, these efforts were not often successful, and a
great majority of the wounded reached the hospital half
naked, and had thereafter only the covering and the bedding
which their comrades and the hospital attendants were able to
'rustle' for them, and this was little enough and not seldom
nothing at all.
"Had this expedition been provided with a greater number of

surgeons and hospital attendants, had the ambulances been at
hand which we left in Tampa or upon the transports, ambulances
without which it is reasonable to suppose—at least we had
supposed—no civilized power would enter upon an aggressive
war, much less upon a campaign in which we had the advantage
of choosing both our own time and the field of operations, the
outrageous treatment which our wounded suffered, and the
barbarous scenes which we were called upon to witness upon
this and the following days would never have occurred."
S. Bonsai,
The Fight for Santiago,
chapter 8 (New York: Doubleday, Page & Company).
The troops which had carried San Juan Hill were intrenched,
that night, in the positions they had gained, and those which
had taken El Caney were brought into connection with them,
Lawton's division on their right and Bates's brigade on the
left. The battle was renewed by the Spaniards soon after
daylight on the morning of the 2d, and raged with more or less
fury throughout the day. That evening, about 10 o'clock, a
fierce attempt was made to break through the American lines,
but without success. Again, on the morning of the third, the
Spaniards reopened battle, but with less vigor than before.
General Shafter then sent the following letter to General
Toral, the Spanish commander: "I shall be obliged, unless you
surrender, to shell Santiago de Cuba. Please inform the
citizens of foreign countries, and all women and children,
that they should leave the city before 10 o'clock to-morrow
morning." In reply, General Toral wrote; "It is my duty to say
to you that this city will not surrender, and that I will
inform the foreign consuls and inhabitants of the contents of
your message." Several of the foreign consuls at Santiago then
came into the American lines and persuaded General Shafter to
delay the shelling of the town until noon of the 5th, provided
that the Spanish forces made no demonstration meantime against
his own. This established a truce which was renewed, in a
series of negotiations until the 10th. "I was of the opinion,"
reported General Shafter, "that the Spaniards would surrender
if given a little time, and I thought this result would be
hastened if the men of their army could be made to understand
they would be well treated as prisoners of war. Acting upon
this presumption I determined to offer to return all the
wounded Spanish officers at El Caney who were able to bear
transportation, and who were willing to give their paroles not
to serve against the forces of the United States until
regularly exchanged. This offer was made and accepted. These
officers, as well as several of the wounded Spanish privates,
27 in all, were sent to their lines under the escort of some
of our mounted cavalry. Our troops were received with honors,
and I have every reason to believe the return of the Spanish
prisoners produced a good impression on their comrades. The
cessation of firing about noon on the 3d practically
terminated the battle of Santiago." General Shafter goes on to
say that when the battle was fiercest, on July 1st, he probably
had no more than 12,000 men on the firing line, not counting a
few Cubans who assisted in the attack on El Caney, and who
fought with valor. They were confronted by about equal numbers
of the enemy, in strong and intrenched positions. "Our losses
in these battles were 22 officers and 208 men killed, and 81
officers and 1,203 men wounded; missing 79. The missing, with
few exceptions, reported later." Up to this time, General
Shafter had been unable to complete the investment of the town
with his own men, and had depended upon General Garcia with
his Cubans, placed on the extreme right of the American lines,
to watch for and intercept reinforcements. They failed to do
so, and 2,800 Spaniards, under General Escario, entered the
city on the night of the 2d. The American commander now
extended his own lines as rapidly as possible and completed
the investment of the town.
Annual Reports of the War Department, 1898,

volume 1, part 2, pages 155-157.
As stated above, permission was given on the 3d for

non-combatants to leave the city. "They did leave in the
following days to the number of perhaps 20,000, filling the
neighboring villages and roads with destitute people, mostly
women and children. It then seemed to fall to our lot to see
that these people did not starve in a desolate country, and to
be as much our duty to take care of these people, whom our
policy had driven from their homes, as it was for Spain to
feed the reconcentrados, whom they drove from their homes
under their war policy. The task was not insignificant."
Report of Inspector-General
(Annual Reports of the War Department, 1898,
volume 1, part 2, page 596).
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1898 (July).

Annexation of the Hawaiian Islands.
See (in this volume)

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: A. D. 1898.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1898 (July 1).

National Bankrupt Law.
After years of effort on the part of its advocates, a national

bankrupt law was enacted by both Houses of Congress and
received the President's signature on the 1st of July, 1898.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1898 (July 3).

Destruction of the Spanish squadron at Santiago.
On the morning of July 3, Admiral Cervera, convinced that

Santiago would be taken by the American forces, and acting
under orders from the Captain-General at Havana, made a
desperate attempt to save his squadron by escaping to sea. The
result was a total destruction of the Spanish ships, in an
engagement with the blockading fleet, of which Admiral Sampson
gave the following account in his official report:
"The enemy's vessels came out of the harbor between 9.35 and
10 a. m., the head of the column appearing around Cay Smith at
9.31 and emerging from the channel five or six minutes later.
The positions of the vessels of my command off Santiago at
that moment were as follows: The flagship 'New York' was 4
miles east of her blockading station and about 7 miles from
the harbor entrance. She had started for Siboney, where I
intended to land, accompanied by several of my staff, and go
to the front to consult with General Shafter.
{609}
A discussion of the situation and a more definite
understanding between us of the operations proposed had been
rendered necessary by the unexpectedly strong resistance of
the Spanish garrison of Santiago. I had sent my chief of staff
on shore the day before to arrange an interview with General
Shafter, who had been suffering from heat prostration. I made
arrangements to go to his headquarters, and my flagship was in
the position mentioned above when the Spanish squadron
appeared in the channel. The remaining vessels were in or near
their usual blockading positions, distributed in a semicircle
about the harbor entrance, counting from the eastward to the
westward, in the following order: The 'Indiana' about a mile
and a half from shore, the 'Oregon'—the 'New York's' place
being between these two—the 'Iowa,' 'Texas,' and 'Brooklyn,'
the latter two miles from the shore west of Santiago. The
distance of the vessels from the harbor entrance was from 2½
to 4 miles, the latter being the limit of day blockading
distance. The length of the arc formed by the ships was about
8 miles. The 'Massachusetts' had left at 4 a. m., for
Guantanamo for coal. Her station was between the 'Iowa' and
'Texas.' The auxiliaries 'Gloucester' and 'Vixen' lay close to
the land and nearer the harbor entrance than the large
vessels, the 'Gloucester' to the eastward and the 'Vixen' to
the westward. The torpedo boat 'Ericsson' was in company with
the flagship and remained with her during the chase until
ordered to discontinue, when she rendered very efficient
service in rescuing prisoners from the burning' Vizcaya.' …
"The Spanish vessels came rapidly out of the harbor, at a

speed estimated at from 8 to 10 knots, and in the following
order: 'Infanta Maria Teresa' (flagship), 'Vizcaya,'
'Cristobal Colon,' and the 'Almirante Oquendo.' The distance
between these ships was about 800 yards, which means that from
the time the first one became visible in the upper reach of
the channel until the last one was out of the harbor an
interval of only about 12 minutes elapsed. Following the
'Oquendo,' at a distance of about 1,200 yards, came the
torpedo-boat destroyer 'Pluton,' and after her the 'Furor.'
The armored cruisers, as rapidly as they could bring their
guns to bear, opened a vigorous fire upon the blockading
vessels, and emerged from the channel shrouded in the smoke
from their guns. The men of our ships in front of the port
were at Sunday 'quarters for inspection.' The signal was made
simultaneously from several vessels, 'Enemy ships escaping,'
and general quarters was sounded. The men cheered as they
sprang to their guns, and fire was opened probably within 8
minutes by the vessels whose guns commanded the entrance. The
'New York' turned about and steamed for the escaping fleet,
flying the signal, 'Close in towards harbor entrance and
attack vessels,' and gradually increasing speed, until toward
the end of the chase she was making 16½ knots, and was rapidly
closing on the 'Cristobal Colon.' She was not, at any time,
within the range of the heavy Spanish ships, and her only part
in the firing was to receive the undivided fire from the forts
in passing the harbor entrance, and to fire a few shots at one
of the destroyers, thought at the moment to be attempting to
escape from the 'Gloucester.'
"The Spanish vessels, upon clearing the harbor, turned to the

westward in column, increasing their speed to the full power
of their engines. The heavy blockading vessels, which had
closed in towards the Morro at the instant of the enemy's
appearance, and at their best speed, delivered a rapid fire,
well sustained and destructive, which speedily overwhelmed and
silenced the Spanish fire. The initial speed of the Spaniards
carried them rapidly past the blockading vessels, and the
battle developed into a chase in which the 'Brooklyn' and
'Texas' had, at the start, the advantage of position. The
'Brooklyn' maintained this lead. The 'Oregon,' steaming with
amazing speed from the commencement of the action, took first
place. The 'Iowa' and the 'Indiana' having done good work, and
not having the speed of the other ships, were directed by me,
in succession, at about the time the 'Vizcaya' was beached, to
drop out of the chase and resume blockading stations. These
vessels rescued many prisoners. The 'Vixen,' finding that the
rush of the Spanish ships would put her between two fires, ran
outside of our own column and remained there during the battle
and chase.
"The skillful handling and gallant fighting of the

'Gloucester' excited the admiration of everyone who witnessed
it, and merits the commendation of the Navy Department. She is
a fast and entirely unprotected auxiliary vessel—the yacht
'Corsair'—and has a good battery of light rapid-fire guns. She
was lying about 2 miles from the harbor entrance, to the
southward and eastward, and immediately steamed in, opening
fire upon the large ships. Anticipating the appearance of the
'Pluton' and 'Furor,' the 'Gloucester' was slowed, thereby
gaining more rapidly a high pressure of steam, and when the
destroyers came out she steamed for them at full speed, and
was able to close to short range, while her fire was accurate,
deadly, and of great volume. During this fight the
'Gloucester' was under the fire of the Socapa Battery. Within
twenty minutes from the time they emerged from Santiago Harbor
the careers of the 'Furor' and the 'Pluton' were ended, and
two-thirds of their people killed. The 'Furor' was beached and
sunk in the surf; the 'Pluton' sank in deep water a few
minutes later. The destroyers probably suffered much injury
from the fire of the secondary batteries of the battle ships
'Iowa,' 'Indiana,' and the 'Texas,' yet I think a very
considerable factor in their speedy destruction was the fire,
at close range, of the 'Gloucester's' battery. After rescuing
the survivors of the destroyers, the 'Gloucester' did
excellent service in landing and securing the crew of the
'Infanta Maria Teresa.'
"The method of escape attempted by the Spaniards, all steering
in the same direction, and in formation, removed all tactical
doubts or difficulties, and made plain the duty of every
United States vessel to close in, immediately engage, and
pursue. This was promptly and effectively done. As already
stated, the first rush of the Spanish squadron carried it past
a number of the blockading ships which could not immediately
work up to their best speed; but they suffered heavily in
passing, and the 'Infanta Maria Teresa' and the 'Oquendo' were
probably set on fire by shells fired during the first fifteen
minutes of the engagement. It was afterwards learned that the
'Infanta Maria Teresa's' fire main had been cut by one of our
first shots, and that she was unable to extinguish fire. With
large volumes of smoke rising from their lower decks aft,
these vessels gave up both fight and flight and ran in on the
beach—the 'Infanta Maria Teresa' at about 10.15 a. m. at Nima
Nima, 6½ miles from Santiago Harbor entrance, and the
'Almirante Oquendo' at about 10.30 a. m. at Juan Gonzales, 7
miles from the port.
{610}
"The 'Vizcaya' was still under the fire of the leading

vessels; the 'Cristobal Colon' had drawn ahead, leading the
chase, and soon passed beyond the range of the guns of the
leading American ships. The 'Vizcaya' was soon set on fire,
and, at 11.15, she turned inshore, and was beached at
Aserraderos, 15 miles from Santiago, burning fiercely, and
with her reserves of ammunition on deck already beginning to
explode. When about 10 miles west of Santiago the 'Indiana'
had been signaled to go back to the harbor entrance, and at
Aserraderos the 'Iowa' was signaled to 'Resume blockading
station.' The 'Iowa' assisted by the 'Ericsson' and the
'Hist,' took off the crew of the 'Vizcaya,' while the
'Harvard' and the 'Gloucester' rescued those of the 'Infanta
Maria Teresa' and the 'Almirante Oquendo.' This rescue of
prisoners, including the wounded, from the burning Spanish
vessels, was the occasion of some of the most daring and
gallant conduct of the day. The ships were burning fore and
aft, their guns and reserve ammunition were exploding, and it
was not known at what moment the fire would reach the main
magazines. In addition to this a heavy surf was running just
inside of the Spanish ships. But no risk deterred our officers
and men until their work of humanity was complete.
"There remained now of the Spanish ships only the 'Cristobal

Colon'—but she was their best and fastest vessel. Forced by
the situation to hug the Cuban coast, her only chance of
escape was by superior and sustained speed. When the 'Vizcaya'
went ashore, the 'Colon' was about 6 miles ahead of the
'Brooklyn' and the 'Oregon'; but her spurt was finished, and
the American ships were now gaining upon her. Behind the
'Brooklyn' and the 'Oregon' came the 'Texas,' 'Vixen,' and
'New York.' It was evident from the bridge of the 'New York'
that all the American ships were gradually overhauling the
chase, and that she had no chance of escape. At 12.50 the
'Brooklyn' and the 'Oregon' opened fire and got her range—the
'Oregon's' heavy shell striking beyond her—and at 1.20 she
gave up without firing another shot, hauled down her colors,
and ran ashore at Rio Torquino, 48 miles from Santiago.
Captain Cook, of the 'Brooklyn,' went on board to receive the
surrender. While his boat was alongside I came up in the 'New
York,' received his report, and placed the 'Oregon' in charge
of the wreck to save her, if possible, and directed the
prisoners to be transferred to the 'Resolute,' which had
followed the chase. Commodore Schley, whose chief of staff had
gone on board to receive the surrender, had directed that all
their personal effects should be retained by the officers.
This order I did not modify. The 'Cristobal Colon' was not
injured by our firing, and probably is not much injured by
beaching, though she ran ashore at high speed. The beach was
so steep that she came off by the working of the sea. But her
sea valves were opened and broken, treacherously, I am sure,
after her surrender, and despite all efforts she sank. When it
became evident that she could not be kept afloat, she was
pushed by the 'New York' bodily up on the beach, the 'New
York's' stem being placed against her for this purpose—the
ship being handled by Captain Chadwick with admirable
judgment—and sank in shoal water and may be saved. Had this
not been done she would have gone down in deep water and would
have been, to a certainty, a total loss.
"I regard this complete and important victory over the Spanish
forces as the successful finish of several weeks of arduous
and close blockade, so stringent and effective during the
night that the enemy was deterred from making the attempt to
escape at night, and deliberately elected to make the attempt
in daylight. The object of the blockade of Cervera's squadron
was fully accomplished, and each individual bore well his part
in it—the commodore in command on the second division, the
captains of ships, their officers, and men. The fire of the
battle ships was powerful and destructive, and the resistance
of the Spanish squadron was, in great part, broken almost
before they had got beyond the range of their own forts. …
Several of the [American] ships were struck—the 'Brooklyn'
more often than the others—but very slight material injury was
done, the greatest being aboard the 'Iowa.' Our loss was 1 man
killed and 1 wounded, both on the 'Brooklyn.' It is difficult to
explain this immunity from loss of life or injury to ships in
a combat with modern vessels of the best type, but Spanish
gunnery is poor at the best, and the superior weight and
accuracy of our fire speedily drove the men from their guns
and silenced their fire. This is borne out by the statements
of prisoners and by observation."
Annual Report of Secretary of the Navy, 1898,

volume 2, pages 506-511.
Some particulars of the destruction of the "Furor," the

"Pluton," and the "Infanta Maria Teresa," and of the rescue of
surviving Spaniards, including Admiral Cervera, are given in a
report by Lieutenant Huse, executive officer of the "Gloucester,"
as follows: "The 'Pluton' was run on the rocks about 4 miles
west of Morro and blew up. Our crew cheered at the sight of
the explosion. The 'Furor' soon commenced to describe circles
with a starboard helm, her fire ceased, and it became apparent
that she was disabled. A white rag was waved from forward and
we stopped firing. Lieutenants Wood and Norman and Assistant
Engineer Proctor were sent to rescue the crews and to see if
the prizes could be saved. These found a horrible state of
affairs on the 'Furor.' The vessel was a perfect shambles. As
she was on fire and burning rapidly, they took off the living
and then rescued all they could find in the water and on the
beach. The 'Pluton' was among the rocks in the surf and could
not be boarded, but her crew had made their way ashore or were
adrift on life buoys and wreckage. These were all taken on board.
I have since learned that the 'New York' passed a number of
men in the water who had doubtless jumped overboard from the
destroyers to escape our fire. All these were probably
drowned. While this work was going on several explosions took
place on the 'Furor,' and presently—at about 11.30—she threw
her bows in the air, and turning to port slowly sank in deep
water. …
{611}
"While one of our boats was still ashore, seeing heavy clouds
of smoke behind the next point the ship was moved in that
direction, the men being at quarters and everything in
readiness for further action. On rounding the point two
men-of-war were found on the beach burning fiercely aft, the
majority of the crew being crowded on the forecastle and
unable apparently to reach land, only 200 yards away. Our
boats, under Lieutenant Norman and Ensign Edson, put off to
the nearer vessel, which proved to be the flagship 'Infanta
Maria Teresa,' and rescued all on board by landing them on the
beach through the surf. Lieutenant Norman formally received
the surrender of the commander in chief and all his officers
and men present, and as soon as all hands had been transferred
ashore, brought on board this ship all the higher officers,
including the admiral. Lieutenant Wood meanwhile rescued the
remaining survivors on board the 'Oquendo,' the second of the
burning vessels. The Spanish officers not feeling that the
prisoners on shore were secure from attack by Cuban partisans,
by your orders I directed Lieutenant Norman to land with a
small force, establish a camp on shore, and hoist the United
States flag over it. He took with him all the rations that
could be spared from the stores aboard."

volume 2, page 542.
The following is a translation, from Admiral Cervera's report,

as partly published in newspapers at Madrid, giving his
description of the destruction of his flagship and his own
rescue from death: "The enemy's fire produced terrible damages
on board the 'Infanta Maria Teresa,' destroying the elements
of defence—among others, the net for protection against fire.
In this critical moment the captain of the ship, Señor Concas,
fell wounded, and it was necessary to withdraw him, I taking
command of the vessel, because it was impossible to find the
second commandant of the 'Maria Teresa.' Immediately
afterwards they reported to me that my cabin was burning in
consequence of an explosion. The fire soon became very great
and ignited other parts of the ship. I gave orders to my aid
to flood the after magazines, but it was impossible. Dense
clouds of smoke impeded walking in the passages and practicing
any kind of operations. In this situation I could only think
of beaching the ship, and did so, running aground on Punta
Cabrera. The contest was impossible on our side, and there was
nothing more to be done but to save as much as possible. I
thought to lower the flag, but that was not possible on
account of the fire, which prevented all operations. In these
anxious moments two boats came to the aid of the 'Maria
Teresa,' into which a number of us jumped. Those that were not
dying were saved with nothing. The 'Teresa' lowered a small boat,
which sank before it could be of any service. Subsequently
they succeeded in launching a steam launch, but this also sank
after making one voyage to the beach. I succeeded in saving
myself with nothing, two sailors helping me, one named Andres
Sequeros and the officer D. Angel Cervera, all of us arriving
on board the American ship 'Gloucester' naked. At this time we
were all naked."

volume 2, pages 558-559.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1898 July (4-17).

The surrender of Santiago and of all the Spanish forces
in eastern Cuba.
The following is a continuation of the report made by General

Shafter of his operations at Santiago de Cuba, resulting in
the surrender of the entire forces of Spain in eastern Cuba:
"The information of our naval victory was transmitted under
flag of truce to the Spanish commander in Santiago on July 4,
and the suggestion again made that he surrender to save
needless effusion of blood. On the same date I informed
Admiral Sampson that if he would force his way into the harbor
the city would surrender without any further sacrifice of
life. Commodore Watson replied that Admiral Sampson was
temporarily absent, but that in his (Watson's) opinion the
navy should not enter the harbor. In the meanwhile letters
passing between General Toral and myself caused the cessation
of hostilities to continue; each army, however, continued to
strengthen its intrenchments. I was still of the opinion the
Spaniards would surrender without much more fighting, and on
July 6 called General Toral's attention to the changed
conditions and at his request gave him time to consult his
home Government. This he did, asking that the British consul,
with the employees of the cable company, be permitted to
return from El Caney to the city. This I granted. The strength
of the enemy's position was such I did not wish to assault if
it could be avoided. An examination of the enemy's works, made
after the surrender, fully justified the wisdom of the course
adopted. The intrenchments could only have been carried with
very great loss of life, probably with not less than 3,000
killed and wounded.
"On July 8 General Toral offered to march out of the city with
arms and baggage, provided he would not be molested before
reaching Holguin, and to surrender to the American forces the
territory then occupied by him. I replied that while I would
submit his proposition to my home Government, I did not think
it would be accepted. In the meanwhile arrangements were made
with Admiral Sampson that when the army again engaged the
enemy the navy would assist by shelling the city from ships
stationed off Aguadores, dropping a shell every few minutes.
On July 10 the 1st Illinois and the 1st District of Columbia
arrived, and were placed on the line to the right of the
cavalry division. This enabled me to push Lawton further to
the right and to practically command the Cobra road. On the
afternoon of the date last mentioned the truce was broken off
at 4 p. m., and I determined to open with four batteries of
artillery, and went forward in person to the trenches to give
the necessary orders; but the enemy anticipated us by opening
fire with his artillery a few minutes after the hour stated.
His batteries were apparently silenced before night, while
ours continued playing upon his trenches until dark. During
this firing the navy fired from Aguadores, most of the shells
falling in the city. There was also some small-arms firing. On
this afternoon and the next morning we lost Captain Charles W.
Rowell, 2d Infantry, and 1 man killed, and Lieutenant Lutz, 2d
Infantry, and 10 men wounded. On the morning of July 11 the
bombardment by the Navy and my field guns was renewed and
continued until nearly noon, and on the same day I reported to
the Adjutant-General of the Army that the right of Ludlow's
brigade of Lawton's division rested on the bay. Thus our hold

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Test Bank for Molecular Cell Biology

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Molecular Cell Biology Lodish 7th Edition Test Bank

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Molecular Cell Biology Lodish 7th Edition Solutions

2015 Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition Test

Test Bank for Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th

Cell and Molecular Biology Concepts and Experiments 6th

Cell and Molecular Biology Concepts and Experiments,

10. A protein containing several proline residues is:

11. Which of the following is true about protein folding?

14. Two proteins that have a similar function:

b. must have similar amino acid sequences.

16. Hsp90 family members are present in all organisms EXCEPT:

23. The Km for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction:

24. For an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, doubling the concentration of enzyme will:

27. Which of the following is true about enzymes?

28. Which of the following plays a role in the degradation of proteins?

30. Protein self-splicing:

32. Which of the following is a mechanism for regulating protein activity?

35. The conversion of inactive chymotrypsinogen to active chymotrypsin is an example of:

37. What is positive cooperativity?

38. A misfolded protein targeted to the proteasome will undergo:

43. Gel filtration chromatography separates proteins on the basis of their:

45. Western blotting is a method for detecting:

c. The pellet contains the least dense material.

51. Proteomics allows researchers to:

a. identification of thousands of proteins’ amino acid sequences within a single cell.

"We then opened fire on the intrenchments on a hill to our

Annual Reports of the War Department, 1898,

There have been much contradiction and controversy concerning

"Had it been proposed to carry out the plan, as discussed and

The same writer gives a sickening account of the sufferings of

"I believe I am giving a moderate estimate when I say that at

"Knowing that he was totally unprepared to clothe or cover the

"Had this expedition been provided with a greater number of

Annual Reports of the War Department, 1898,

As stated above, permission was given on the 3d for

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1898 (July).

See (in this volume)

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1898 (July 1).

After years of effort on the part of its advocates, a national

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1898 (July 3).

On the morning of July 3, Admiral Cervera, convinced that

"The Spanish vessels came rapidly out of the harbor, at a

"The Spanish vessels, upon clearing the harbor, turned to the

"The skillful handling and gallant fighting of the

"The 'Vizcaya' was still under the fire of the leading

"There remained now of the Spanish ships only the 'Cristobal

Annual Report of Secretary of the Navy, 1898,

Some particulars of the destruction of the "Furor," the

Annual Report of Secretary of the Navy, 1898,

The following is a translation, from Admiral Cervera's report,

Annual Report of Secretary of the Navy, 1898,

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1898 July (4-17).

The following is a continuation of the report made by General

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