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1 Foundations of ICT (Information and Communication Technology):

The Foundations of ICT encompass the fundamental principles and components that form the
backbone of Information and Communication Technology. This field involves the use of
technology to manage and process information, facilitating communication and supporting
various aspects of business and everyday life. Here's a detailed breakdown of the key
components:
1. Basic Concepts:
• Information: Understanding the nature of data and its transformation into
meaningful information, recognizing the importance of accurate and timely data
for decision-making.
• Communication: Exploring methods of transmitting data and information,
including various communication channels such as networks, the internet, and
wireless technologies.
2. Hardware and Software:
• Hardware Components: Studying the physical devices that make up
computer systems, including central processing units (CPUs), memory, storage,
input/output devices, and networking components.
• Software Systems: Examining the role of operating systems, application
software, and how these programs interact to execute tasks and enhance
productivity.
3. Data and Databases:
• Data Types and Structures: Identifying different data types (text,
numbers, multimedia) and understanding how data is organized using structures
like tables and files.
• Databases: Exploring the concept of databases as organized collections of
data, and understanding database management systems (DBMS) for efficient data
storage and retrieval.
4. Networks and Connectivity:
• Networking Basics: Learning about different network types, protocols, and
the infrastructure that enables communication between devices.
• Internet and World Wide Web: Understanding the architecture and
protocols that power the internet, including the role of websites, web browsers,
and web servers.
5. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC):
• SDLC Phases: Delving into the stages of system development, from planning
and analysis to design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.
• Project Management: Introducing project management principles to
ensure efficient and successful development and implementation of ICT
solutions.
6. Ethical and Social Implications:
• Ethical Considerations: Examining ethical issues related to the use of ICT,
including privacy, security, and responsible technology use.
• Social Impact: Understanding how ICT influences society, culture, and
various industries, considering both positive and negative impacts.