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1) The two molecules shown in the

figure above are best described as
A) Structural isomers.
B) Radioactive isotopes.
C) Enantiomers
Answer: D
D) Cis-trans isomers

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2) Which of the following correctly describes any reaction that has reached
chemical equilibrium?
A) All of the reactants have been converted to the products of the reaction
B) All of the products have been converted to the reactants of the reaction
C) Both the forward and the reverse reactions have stopped, with no net
effect on the concentration of reactants and the products.
Answer: D
D) The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse
reaction

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3) Which of the following statements is true about buffer

solutions?
A) They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids
or bases are added to them
B) They maintain a constant pH when acids are added to
them but not when bases are added to them
C) They maintain a constant pH when bases are added to
Answer: A
them but not when acids are added to them
D) They fluctuate in pH when either acids or bases are added
to them

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4) In living systems molecules involved in hydrogen bonding almost always

contain either oxygen or nitrogen or both. How do you explain this
phenomenon
A) Oxygen and nitrogen are elements found in fats and carbohydrates
B) Oxygen and nitrogen are elements found in both nucleic acids and
proteins
C) Oxygen and nitrogen were both components of gases that made up the
Answer: D
early atmosphere on Earth
D) Oxygen and nitrogen are elements with very attractions for their
electrons

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5) About twenty-five of the ninety-two natural elements

known to be essential to life. Which four of these twenty-five
elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?
A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen
B) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
Answer: B
C) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen
D) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium

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10) The molecule illustrated in the

accompanying figure_____.
A) is a saturated fatty acid
B) will be liquid at room temperature
C) stores genetic information
Answer: B
D) is a carbohydrate

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11) Which of the following is the strongest evidence that

protein structure and function are correlated?
A) Enzymes tend to be globular in shape
B) Denatured (unfolded) proteins do not function normally
C) Proteins have four distinct levels of structure and many
Answer: B
functions
D) Proteins function best at certain temperatures

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12) What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?
A) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms: ionic
bonds involve the sharing of protons between charged atoms
B) Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between charged atoms:
ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms
C) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms:
ionic bonds involve the sharing of single electrons between atoms
Answer: D
D) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms: ionic
bonds involve the electrical attraction between charged atoms

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13) Which of the functional groups below

acts most like an acid in water?
A) Hydroxyl
B) Amino Answer: C
C) Carboxyl
D) Carbonyl

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14) Which functional group

shown above is a
characteristic of alcohols?
A) A
B) B
Answer: A
C) C
D) D

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15) Which of the following includes all of the pyrimidines

found in RNA and DNA?
A) Cytosine and thymine
B) Cytosine, uracil and guanine
C) Cytosine, uracil and thymine
Answer: C
D) Cytosine and uracil

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16) Fluorine has an atomic number of 9. Which of the

following would you do to a neutral fluorine atom to
complete its valence shell?
A) Add 1 electron
B) Remove 1 electron
C) Add 2 electrons
Answer: A
D) Nothing. If fluorine is neutral, it has complete valance
shell

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17) The element present in all organic

molecules is_____.
A) Hydrogen
B) Nitrogen Answer: C
C) Carbon
D) Oxygen

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18) What causes the shape of the
molecule shown above?
A) The shape of the sp3 hybrid
orbitals of the electrons shared
between the carbon and hydrogen
atoms
B) The shape of the 1s orbital in the
carbon atom
C) The shape of the 2p orbitals in the
Answer: A
carbon atom
D) Hydrogen bonding configuration
between the carbon and hydrogen
atoms

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19) Why is carbon so important in biology?

A) It bonds to only a few other elements
B) It has very little electronegativity, making it a good
electron donor
C) It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host
Answer: C
functional groups
D) It is a common element on earth

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20) Which of the following is NOT a

polymer?
A) Starch
B) Cellulose Answer: C
C) Glucose
D) DNA

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21) Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumors. You
determine that tumor formation requires a large amount of the plant’s energy
for tissue formation. How might this change the number of offspring a plant
produces, and what is the most likely explanation for this change?
A) The number of offspring should increase, because in general, illness
increases the reproductive output of organism
B) The number of offspring should increase, because the bacteria will
provide energy for the plant
Answer: D
C) The should be no effect of infection on offspring production because
energy for reproduction is independent of infection
D) The number of offspring should decrease, because the plant will divert
energy from reproduction to tumor formation

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22) A salamander relies on hydrogen bonding to stick to

various surfaces. Therefore, a salamander would have the
greatest difficulty clinging to a______.
A) Surface of hydrocarbons
B) Surface of mostly carbon-nitrogen bonds
Answer: A
C) Slightly damp surface
D) Surface of mostly carbon-oxygen bonds

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23) Amino acids are acids because they

always possess which functional group?
A) Carboxyl
B) Amino Answer: A
C) Carbonyl
D) Phosphate

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24) The phylogenetic tree

below_____.
A) Includes noncellular life-forms
B) Depicts the three major domains
of life
C) Includes unicellular and some of
multicellular life, but not complex
Answer: B
animals and plants
D) Includes unicellular but not
multicellular life

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25) A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of

bond(s) with other atoms?
A) Ionic
B) Hydrogen
C) Covalent
Answer: C
D) Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

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26) Which of the following types of cells utilize

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do
not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) Archaean
B) Fungi
Answer: A
C) Animal
D) Plant

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27) Why does ice float in liquid water?

A) The high surface tension of liquid water keeps the ice on
top
B) The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than
liquid water
C) Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice
Answer: C
farther apart than water molecules of liquid water
D) The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the
ice from sinking

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28) The molar mass of glucose is 180 grams per mole (g/mol). Which of the
following procedures should you carry out make a 1 M solution of glucose?
Into 0.8 liter (L) of water, dissolve____.
A) 18g of glucose and then add more water until the total volume of the
solution is 1L
B) 180g of glucose and then add 0.2L more of water
C) 1g of glucose and then add more water until the total volume of the
Answer: D
solution is 1L
D) 180g of glucose and then add more water until the total volume of the
solution is 1L

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29) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific

hypothesis?
A) Confirmed theories become scientific laws; hypotheses
become theories
B) Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses
C) Theories are usually an explanation for a more general
phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more specific
Answer: C
issues
D) Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more general
phenomenon, theories typically address more specific issues

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30) If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what

would be the percentage of guanine?
A) 10
B) 40
C) 80
Answer: B
D) It is impossible to tell from the information given

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31) The atomic number of chlorine is 17. The atomic number

of magnesium is 12. What is the formula for magnesium
chloride?
A) MgCl
B) Mg2Cl
Answer: C
C) MgCl2
D) MgCl3

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32) The molecule shown the

accompanying figure is a
_____.
A) Steroid
B) Protein
Answer: A
C) Fatty acid
D) Phospholipid

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33) You find yourself standing next to a beautiful rose bush.

Which of the following do you and the rose have in
common?
A) You and the rose have nothing in common
B) You both are multicellular
Answer: B
C) You are both prokaryotic
D) You both lack a membrane-bound nucleus

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34) The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations

presumes that____.
A) A living organism can be understood in terms of the same physical and
chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena
B) A life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this
force cannot be studied by physical or chemical bonds
C) Living organism are composed of the same elements present in nonliving
things, plus a few special brace elements found only in living organism or
Answer: A
their products
D) Simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from
inorganic precursors, but complete organic compounds like carbohydrates
and proteins can be synthesized only by living organisms

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35) Which level of protein structure do the a-helix and the B-

pleated sheet represent?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
Answer: B
D) Quaternary

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36) Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations might have

what effect on seawater?
A) There will be no change in the pH of seawater, because
carbonate will turn to bicarbonate
B) Seawater will become more acidic, and carbonate
concentrations will decrease
C) Seawater will become more alkaline, and carbonate water
Answer: B
concentrations will decrease
D) Seawater will become more acidic, and carbonate
concentrations will increase

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Use the following information when answering the corresponding front 33 back 33
question(s).
In 1668, Francesco Redi performed a series of experiments on spontaneous
generation. He began by putting similar pieces of meat into eight identical
jars. Four jars were left open to the air, and four were sealed. He then did the
same experiment with one variation: Instead of sealing four of the jars
completely, he covered them with gauze (the gauze excluded the flies while
allowing the meat to be exposed to air). In both experiments, he monitored
the jars and recorded whether or not maggots (young flies) appeared in the
meat.
Answer: C
37) Refer to the paragraph on Redi’s experiments. What hypotheses was
being tested in the initial experiment with open versus sealed jars?
A) Spontaneous generations can occur only if meat is exposed to air
B) Spontaneous generations is more likely during the long days of summer
C) Maggots do not arise spontaneously, but from eggs laid by adult flies.
D) The type of meat used affects the likelihood of spontaneous generations

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38) Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

A) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-
to-hydrogen linkages
B) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-
hydrogen linkages
C) They are less dense than water
Answer: A
D) They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and
diversity

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39) Which of these provides evidence of the common

ancestry of all life?
A) Structure of cilia
B) Stricture of nucleus
C) Structure of chloroplasts
Answer: D
D) Near universality of the genetic code

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40) Which polysaccharide is an important component in the

structure of many animals and fungi?
A) Cellulose
B) Amylose
C) Amylopectin
Answer: D
D) Chitin

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41) Which type of bond must be broken for water to

vaporize?
A) Hydrogen bonds
B) Both polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds
C) Polar covalent bonds
Answer: A
D) Ionic bonds

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42) If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the

mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, then the concentration of H+
ions_______.
A) In the cytoplasm is 8/7 the concentration in the
mitochondrial matrix
B) Is 10 times higher in the cytoplasm than in the
mitochondrial matrix
Answer: B
C) In the cytoplasm is 7/8 the concentration in the
mitochondrial matrix
D) Is 10 times higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the
cytoplasm

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43) Which molecule shown

above contains an amino acid
functional group, but is NOT
an amino acid?
A) A
B) B
Answer: A
C) C
D) D

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44) Based on your knowledge of the

polarity of water molecules, the
solute molecule depicted here is most
likely_______.
A) Nonpolar Answer: D
B) Negatively charged
C) Without charge
D) Positively charged

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45) Refer to the figure above (first

three rows of the periodic table).
What element has properties most
similar to carbon?
A) Silicon
B) Boron
Answer: A
C) Nitrogen
D) Phosphorus

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46) One mole of the compound

above would weigh how many
grams? (Note: The atomic masses, in
daltons, are approximately 12 for
carbon, 1 for hydrogen, and 16 for
oxygen.)
A) 29
Answer: C
B) 150
C) 60
D) 30

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47) Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of B

hemoglobin and two molecules of a hemoglobin. In sickle-cell disease, as a
result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers
associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this
information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin
exhibits______.
A) Only altered primary structure Answer: D
B) Only altered tertiary structure
C) Only altered quaternary structure
D) Altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary
and tertiary structures may or may not be altered

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48) A controlled experiment_______.

A) Includes at least two groups, one differing from the other
by two or more variables.
B) Includes one group for which the scientist controls all
variables
C) Is repeated many times to ensure that the results are
Answer: D
accurate
D) Includes at least two groups, one of which does not
receive the experimental treatment

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49) Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?

A) These organism live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using
photosynthesis
B) In two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than
each of them could be to a different genus
C) Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are
Answer: C
photosynthetic; therefore species is photosynthetic
D) If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating

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50) Hydrophobic substance such as vegetable oil are_____.

A) Nonpolar substance that have attraction for water
molecules
B) Polar substances that repel water molecules
C) Polar substances that have an affinity for water
Answer: D
D) Nonpolar substance that repel water molecules

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