Types and components of a

computer system
Section 1 – Chapter 1

By: Nageeb Yahya

Objectives
▸ Define hardware , software, giving examples
▸ Identify types of hardware
▸ Identify the components of computer system
▸ Identify different between input/output device and internal/external devices
▸ Identify types of software
▸ Operating system
▸ User Interfaces CLI/GUI/DI/GI
▸ Types of computer
▸ Impact of emerging technologies

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Play

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Hardware and software

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▹ Hardware
Is a general term for the physical components that make up a computer system.
➢ Physical means that it can be touched and picked up

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Types of Hardware
Types of hardware

Types of Hardware
1- Internal Internal : inside the computer 2- External
External : outside the computer

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 1.2 Main components of a computer system

Computer system

Hardware Software

(data direction)
Input device: device send to computer
Output device: computer send to device
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Computer system

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Types of hardware Types of hardware

1- Internal 1- Input

2- External 2- Output

Hardware location Data direction

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Internal Hardware Play

Motherboard is a printed circuit. It allow the hardware

components to communicate with each other.

CPU (Central Processing Unit): the brain of the computer.

It execute the commands from hardware and software.

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Internal Hardware Play

MAIN MEMORY
RAM (Random Access Memory)
1. Internal chip
2. Data temporarily stored when running application
3. Can be written to / Read from
4. Volatile: data is lost when power is turned off

ROM (Read Only Memory)

1. Internal chip
2. Data permanent stored (code tells the computer what to
do when it first start up)
3. Can be read Only (can not be altered)
4. None-Volatile: data is not lost when power is turned off 11
Internal Hardware
SECONDARY MEMORY
HDD (Hard Disk Drive): is a hardware device that's used to
store information like software and files.
• It consists of mechanical and electronic parts.
• The magnetic plate used to store information
• The capacity of hard drive ranges from GB to Tera
Bytes.

SSD (Solid State Drive):is a hardware device that's used to

store information like software and files.
• It consists of electronic part only.
• The electronic part used to store information
• None-Volatile rewritable memory
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Internal Hardware
Video Card: allow the computer to send graphical
information to a video display device such as monitor,
TV and projector. (output)
• Connected to motherboard

Sound Card:
1. Allow The computer to produce a sound that can be
heard by speaker (output)
2. Allow The user to Record sound from a Microphone
(input)
3. Connected to motherboard
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Software
▹ Software
▹ Is a general term for the programs that control the computer system

▹ It a set of instructions tells the hardware what to do

▹ Software cannot be touched or picked up

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 Types of software

1- System Software 2- Application Software

Programs that allow the hardware Programs that allow the user
to run properly and allow the to do a specific tasks
user to commuincate with the
computer

Hardware User User

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 Types of software

1- System Software 2- Application Software

Operating system Word processor

Device drivers Spread sheet

Compiler Database

Linker Photo/ Video editing

Utilities Applet

Measurement

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1.3 Operating system (O.S.) OS

▸ The function of O.S: Manage

1. To enable the computer system to function Hardware User

2. Allow the user to communicate with computer system

Examples of O.S

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System Software

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Compiler

Human language

Complier translate high

level language to low level
language that the computer
can understood

Machine Code

Can you read this message

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 Utility
Software

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Snack Question

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How does the computer receive
the command from the user?
Play Play

Play Play

Play Play

Play

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 User interfaces in Operating System
O.S

User interfaces

GI
DI Gesture-based
Dialogue-based Interface
GUI Interface
CLI Graphic User Interface
Command Line Interface

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User interfaces in Operating System
▸ CLI is a program that allow the user to interact with the computer by typing text
command

▸ GUI is a program that allow the user to interact with the computer using
Icons/menu/window

▸ Dialogue-based interface is a program that allow the user to interact with the
computer by voice command

▸ Gesture-based interface is a program that allow the user to interact with the
computer by physical movement
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 CLI GUI

▸ Advantage ▸ Advantage
▹ Use less memory ▹ The user no need to learn the commands
▸ Disadvantage ▸ Disadvantage
▹ The user needs to learn the ▸ Need high memory
commands
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Advantage and disadvantage of User Interface

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Advantage and disadvantage of User Interface

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Analog and digital data Play

Types of Data Our life is analogue

Analogue Digital Analogue data use values that continuously change

very smoothly.

Digital data jumps from one value to the next in a step

by step sequence

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Play
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1.4 Types of computer

Smartphone

Desktop
Laptop
Phablet Mobile

Tablet

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PC / Laptop Computer
▹ Refere to a gerneral purpose computer that is made
up of a separate monitor, keyboard, mouse and
processor unit.

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Impact of Emerging Technologies

1- AI

2- AR

3-VR

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Artificial intelligence AI

how to make the

machine think as
human?

▸ AI is a machine or application which carries

out a task that requires some degree of
intelligence

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 Bank, smartphone

Face recognition

use of language
Application
Robotics
of AI
Chat
Cars
GPT
Data analysis and
prediction

Weather

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Extended Reality XR

XR refers to
real and
virtual
combined XR
environments
MR Mixed Reality
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Augmented Realty AR Play

allow the user to experience the relationship between

digital (virtual) and physical (real) worlds
virtual objects are overlaid onto real-world
▸ the real world is enhanced with
digital details, such as images,
text and animation

▸ Use: goggles ,smartphone,

phablet screens
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AR application

Game

Education
Medical 42
Virtual Realty VR Play

the ability to take the user out of the real-world environment

into a virtual (unreal) digital environments
▸ users must wear a VR
headset or a head-
mounted display which
allows a 360° view of the
virtual

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VR application

Medical Education

Game
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From Past paper exam

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