VIII ENGLISH

LIVING ENGLISH

CHAPTER 38

COMBINATION OF SENTENCES

1. Two Simple Sentences into one Simple Sentence

 By using a Noun orPhrase in Apposition

E.g.: 1. Mr. Bose was elected President. He is a great scientist.
Mr Bose, a great scientist, was elected President.
 By using a Participle
E.g.: 1. He was tired of work. He lay down to rest.
Tired (or, being tired) of work, he lay down to rest.
 By using an Absolute Phrase
E.g.: 1.It was a very hot day. I remained indoors.
It being a very hot day, I remained indoors.
 By using a Preposition with a Noun or a Gerund
E g.: 1.The sun went down. The work was not yet completed.
The sun went down before the completion of the work.
 By using an Infinitive
E.g.: 1. He has six children. He must provide for them.
He has six children to provide for.
 By using an Adverb or an Adverbial Phrase
E.g.: 1.The train was very late. That was unusual.
The train was unusually very late.

EX: 165

Combine each of the following pairs of Simple Sentences into one Simple Sentences

1. I have some important letters. I must reply to them.

A. I have some important letters to reply.

2. Your letter was addressed to the wrong house. It never reached me.

A.Your letter, addressed to the wrong house, never reached me.

3. The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan. It is one of the wonders of the world.

A. The Taj Mahal, one of the wonders of the world was built by Shah Jahan.

4. The enemy were rejoicing. They had won a victory.

A. Having won a victory, the enemy were rejoicing.

5. The bank was closed. I could not get any money.

A. The bank being closed, I could not get any money.

2. Two Simple Sentences into one Compound Sentence

 By using some Coordinating Conjunction which adds one statement to another, e.g.
and, both...and, as well as, not only....but also, etc.
E.g.: 1. He was fined. He was sent to prison also.
He was not only fined but also sent to prison.
 By using some Coordinating Conjunction which suggests a choice between two
statements, e.g. or, else, either...or, neither...nor, etc.
E.g.: 1. He is not an idler. He is not a gambler.
He is neither an idler nor a gambler.
 By using some Coordinating Conjunction which suggests
contrast between two different statements, e.g. but, still, yet, nevertheless, etc.
E.g.: 1. He is poor. He is contented.
He is poor but he is contented.
 By using some Coordinating Conjunction which suggests that one statement stands
as a consequence of another, e.g. so, therefore, etc.
E.g.: 1.It was a very hot day. I remained in my tent.
It was a very hot day, so I remained in my tent.

EX: 166

Combine each of the following pairs of Simple Sentences into one Compound Sentence

1. Do not be a borrower. Do not be a lender.

A. Neither be a borrower nor a lender.

2. Walk quickly. You will not be able to overtake him.

A. Walk quickly, or you will not be able to overtake him.

3. He failed in the examination. He did not work hard.

A. He did not work hard so he failed in the examination.

4. He had many enemies. He had only a few friends.

A. He had many enemies but few friends.

5. His debts were heavy. He has paid them off.

A. His debts were heavy yet he paid them off.

3. Two Simple Sentences into one Complex Sentence

 By using a Noun Clause

E.g.: 1.The clouds would disperse. That was our hope.

Our hope was that the clouds would disperse.

EX: 167

Combine each of the following pairs of Simple Sentences into one Complex Sentence
containing a Noun Clause

1. Will you accompany me? I want to know it.

A. I want to know if you’ll accompany me.

2. He is hard-working. Everybody knows it.

A. Everybody knows that he is hard working.

3. He speaks very fast. Otherwise he is a good teacher.

A. He is a good teacher, only he speaks very fast.

4. Who first discovered the loss? Please tell me.

A. Please tell me, who first discovered the loss?

5. He would win the first prize. That was his hope. His hope was not fulfilled.

A. His hope was not fulfilled that he would win the first prize.

 By using an Adjectival Clause

 E.g.: 1.This is juggler. We saw him showing his tricks yesterday.

This is the juggler whom we saw showing his tricks yesterday.

EX: 168

Join each of the following pairs of Simple Sentences into one Complex Sentence containing
an Adjectival Clause

1. The man has been arrested. He broke into my house last night.

A. The man who broke into my house last night has been arrested.

2. You did not come to school yesterday. Can you tell me the reason?

A.Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to school yesterday?

3. Surat is a large town now. The English first established their factories there.

A. Surat is a large town where the English first established their factories.

4. This is the garden. The finest roses grow here.

A. This is the garden where the finest roses grow.

5. Some people live in glass houses. Such people must not throw stones at others.

A.People who live in glass houses, should not throw stones at others.

 By using an Adverbial Clause

E.g.: 1. He ran very quickly. I could not catch him.

He ran so quickly I could not catch him.

EX: 169

Join each of the following pairs of Simple Sentences into one Complex Sentence containing
an Adverbial Clause

1. I cannot attend the meeting. I have another engagement.

A. I cannot attend the meeting because I have another engagement.

2. The bell rang. They all came up at once.

A. As soon as the bell rang, they all came up at once.

3. He is an intelligent boy. No other boy in the whole class is equally intelligent.

A. No other boy in the whole class is as intelligent as he is.

4. Men work. They wish to earn a decent living.

A. Men work so that they could earn a decent living.

5. You must take exercise regularly. You will not have good health.

A. Unless you take exercise regularly, you will not have good health.