KỲ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN

KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ

LẦN THỨ XIII, NĂM 2022

ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH – KHỐI 11

Thời gian: 180 phút (Không kể thời gian giao đề)
Ngày thi: .../7/2022
(Đề thi gồm 18 trang)
ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT

I. LISTENING (50 points)

Part 1: You will hear a recording. Listen and decide whether the following statements are
True (T) or False (F) (10points)
1. Throughout modern history, oil, which is reducing in a steady way, is a contributing factor in a few
worst wars.
2. With reference to productivity, the Top three oil-producing countries are the United States,
Saudi Arabia and Russia.
3. Almost Asia countries consume oil of the country, which provided a third of the continent’s oil
and natural gas.
4. Several countries mainly in three areas account for around 80% of the world’s oil.
5. Oil is considered to be practically helpful in diplomacy, economy, politics and military.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 2: You will hear part of a lecture about a crater in Australia. Write NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording to answer the following
questions. (10points)
1. What are the depth and width of the Acraman crater respectively?
__________________________________________________________
2. What made the sea water shake?
__________________________________________________________
3. What threw the pebbles into the air?
__________________________________________________________
4. What was mixed with silt to form a layer of rock?
__________________________________________________________
5. What shaped the ripples on top of the rock?
__________________________________________________________

Part 3: You will hear part of a discussion in which two educationalists, David Shaw and
Anoushka Patel, talk about education standards in the UK. (10points)
1. What criticism does Anoushka make of primary school education?
A. It has remained the same for too long.
B. The teachers are inadequately prepared.
C. It is not sufficiently varied.
D. Pupils no longer find it enjoyable.
2. According to the statistics David quotes, the secondary school exam results pupils achieve
A. have caused the national average to fall dramatically.
B. cannot be directly compared to those of foreign pupils.
C. do not reflect the true level of education in the UK.
D. can be accurately predicted when they leave primary school.
3. Anoushka says that pupils who perform poorly do so because
A. they lack the ability to concentrate in class.
B. education is not a top priority for them.
C. teachers are unable to provide them with enough attention.
D. it is impossible for their parents to buy books.
4. David claims that universities are guilty of
A. ignoring the advice given by the Department of Education.
B. making it easier for students to get good degrees.
C. accepting too many applications from school leavers.
D. exaggerating the quality of teaching they offer.
5. Anoushka makes the point that universities in the UK
A. have adapted to meet the needs of society.
B. should not have to answer questions about their policies.
C. have maintained a traditional approach to education.
D. are still considered to be the best in the world.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 4: Listen to a recording of a presenter talking about Machu Picchu and complete the
summary by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words and/or a number in each gap. 20 points
• Situated northwest of Cusco, Peru, Machu Picchu is one of the most
(1) ____________________ on Earth and is proof of how powerful and ingenious the Incas
were.
• In its heyday, the Inca civilization spanned about 2500 miles, a distance comparable to that
of the (2) ____________________ of America.
• Machu Picchu, built around the 15th century, epitomized Inca's
(3) ____________________.
• The use of (4) ____________________ to adhere one stone to another was specifically
omitted during Machu Picchu’s construction.
• These engineering accomplishments mean that Machu Picchu is perfectly preserved for
(5) ___________________.
• It is hypothesized that Machu Picchu may have served as a haven for nobility,
(6) ____________________, or a ceremonial site,
• It is also noteworthy that the geographic conditions and Machu Picchu’s layout may be linked
to (7) ___________________.
• Mysteriously abandoned, Machu Picchu was unknown to the outside world, even to
(8) ____________________until the early 20th century when Melchor Arteaga, a local,
introduced the site to foreigners.
• (9) ____________________ notwithstanding, Machu Picchu is still regarded as one of the
world's most crucial archeological sites.
• In 1983, Machu Picchu was designated a UNESCO world site and today, visitors still come to
(10) ____________________ to this historic landmark.

II. LEXICO – GRAMMAR (30 points)

Part 1: Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (2 points)
1. The proposal drew many negative comments as it _________ common sense.
A. struck a hard bargain against B. reinvented the wheel of
C. threw the book at D. flew in the face of
2. Older people who declared social support from _________ or neighbors were more helpful to
their own household.
A. cronies B. confidants C. confederates D. oppoes
3. They _________ a two-month tour of the US with a party in Washington.
A. set forth B. brought off C. kicked off D. sallied forth
4. My boss is always having a _________ at me. He always seems to find something to criticise
me for.
A. gun B. dig C. pitch D. hit
5. _________, only people who agree with her are real Jews.
A. We can infer how she is concerned B. Inferred from what she is concerned
C. We can infer that as far as she is concerned D. We can infer what she is concerned
6. I must confess I was _________ myself with rage.
A. beyond B. beside C. over D. above
7. Those mediocre singers seem to be _________, but they will soon fade into obscurity.
A. having their work cut out B. riding on the crest of a wave
C. standing firm D. laying down their life
8. The starter motor was _________ again, which got on my nerves.
A. firing away B. playing up C. sounding out D. harping on
9. She _________ fainted when she heard that her son had died.
A. rather than B. nothing but C. all but D. near
10. Still doubtful of the success of the _________ “flying machines”, the writer mused that
“comparatively few of us have any desire to float in the air at a great height from the earth.”.
A. bedraggled B. newfangled C. credentialed D. bespectacled
11. Will development ever again be the _________ of burden pulling the region out of economic
malady?
A. beast B. load C. glutton D. chief
12. We all decreed that _________.
A. there be an end to their quarrel B. their quarrel should put an end to
C. they ended their quarrel then D. their quarrel be coming to an end
13. With a feeling of dark _________, I went home straight despite our plans to play football.
A. intuition B. foreboding C. premonition D. herald
14. A special conference has been _________ to discuss the organization of a standardized
national examination.
A. stirred B. summoned C. initiated D. inaugurated
15. By now the passengers were getting _________ with the delay.
A. palmed off B. fobbed off C. browned off D. nodded off
16. Most sociologists agree that the problem of discrimination is not _________ to any country.
A. typical B. peculiar C. unusual D. particular
17. The captain knew that if his team lost another match he would get his _________.
A. marching orders B. credit crunch C. hush money D. golden handshake
18. _________ around stones that are sunwarmed, even the smallest of stones creates tiny currents
of warm air.
A. The cool air B. If the air is cool C. That the air cools D. The cooler the air
19. Although he always gave the impression he was hard up, it was well known that he had a large
amount of money stashed _________ in the bank.
A. out B. back C. up D. away
20. Four miles off the southern coast of Massachusetts _________, a popular summer resort.
A. lies the island of Martha’s Vineyard
B. the island of Martha’s Vineyard lies there
C. does lie the island of Martha’s Vineyard
D. where the island of Martha’s Vineyard lies

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Part 2: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space below. (10
points)
1. Everyone was in a fairly constant state of _________ anticipation and nervousness throughout
the tour. (EDGE)
2. The potential for a recession across most regions of the world will have ramifications for the
prospects of expatriates in _________ employment. (GAIN)
3. In the past, the majority of women were consigned to a lifetime of _________ and poverty.
(SERVE)
4. A(n) _________ ensued at the lab, and Angeli was convicted this week of disorderly conduct
and malicious destruction of property. (ALTER)
5. This had all the makings of another long-running _________ dispute, when again wider political
events quite unexpectedly overtook the controversy. (ACRID)
6. The _________ of the community to the king is evident and reflects perhaps the resentment of
a dependent people. (ANIMUS)
7. She had enjoyed the _________ of colleagues, and the mild flirtation which often underlay it.
(COMRADE)
8. She used her _________ skills to get along with her remote grandfather, who provided so little
company for her grandmother. (RECONCILE)
9. Although a number of concessions helped _________ minority nationalists, the most militant
remained unreconciled. (PACE)
10. Barry worried that working for a woman would _________ him in his girlfriend's eyes.
(MASCULINE)
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

III. READING (60 points)

Part 1: Fill in each numbered blank with a suitable word to complete the following text.
Write your answers in the box below. (15 points)
THE CHANGING FACE OF WORKING LIFE
The accepted concept of a career 1. _________ followed a similar pattern for decades. After
completing their education, people would enter the adult world of work, 2. _________ down on
to a job which they would likely remain from that point 3. _________. Not only would this
occupation provide their income for their entire working life, it would also allow them a healthy
pension when they retired and moved into 4. _________ age. Over the past twenty years, 5.
_________, the relationship between a wage earner and their chosen profession has changed
enormously. Today, the idea of a ‘job-for-life’ has all 6. _________ disappeared, to be replaced
by an unforgiving world of unstable employment. Some observers even argue that current society
to pit old 7. _________ young in a constant battle to find work of some description, all against a
8. _________of increasing debt and economic difficulties.
At the same time, the government regularly releases figures that suggest the economy is
prospering, evidencing this claim with the fact that the unemployment rate continues to fall
annually. There are indeed more jobs available. However, a huge number of these are casual,
temporary or short-term positions, all of 9. _________ are low-paid and create little in the way of
tax income for the government. This has a number of debilitating long-term effects, not 10.
_________ because this assurance of a growing economy is based more in myth than fact.
(Adapted from Mindset for IELTS)
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2: Read the following passages and choose the best answer for each for the questions
below. (10 points)
Using video gaming in education
It has become conventional wisdom that spending too much time playing video games has a
detrimental effect on children’s studies and their social development. However, some
educationalists are now questioning this theory and are using video games as effective educational
tools thus bridging the gap between recreational and educational activities.
Due to the sophisticated nature of today’s games, teachers are able to justify the inclusion of video
and online games for many pedagogical reasons. There may, for example, be sociological,
psychological, and ethical implications built into the gameplay. Harvey Edwards, who teaches IT
classes in London, was one such educator who decided to use video games in his lessons. To do
this, he chose Minecraft, an online game in which players create and develop imaginary worlds.
He was somewhat uneasy about attempting such an unconventional approach, not because of some
students’ unfamiliarity with the game but rather due to them not being able to make sense of what
he was trying to do with it. He worried that it might interfere with his learners’ focus, but he
couldn’t have been more surprised by the results.
Minecraft is an example of a ‘sandbox game’, in which gamers roam around and change a virtual
world at will. Instead of having to pass through numbered levels to reach certain places, there’s
full access from start to finish. The original version can be adapted to control which characters
and content are left in. Each student can then be allocated tasks – such as house-building, locating
items or problem-solving – which they must complete within the game. Elements of more general
skills can be subtly incorporated into the lessons, such as online politeness and safety, teamwork
and resolving differences. Edwards feels that presenting such lessons in the context of a game
students probably already know and enjoy enables him to connect with them at greater depth, and
in more motivational ways.
Bolstered by his success, Edwards introduced his approach to another school nearby. He recalls
that the first couple of sessions didn’t live up to his expectations. Those who had played Minecraft
before were keen for others to adopt their own style of play. Unsurprisingly, this assortment of
styles and opinions as to how the game should proceed were far from harmonious. However, the
sessions rapidly transformed into something more cohesive, with the learners driving the change.
With minimal teacher input, they set about choosing leaders and established several teams, each
with its own clearly-defined role. These teams, now party to clear common goals, willingly
cooperated to ensure that their newborn world flourished, even when faced with the toughest of
challenges.
‘Human’ inhabitants in a Minecraft ‘society’ are very primitive and wander around the imaginary
world, waiting for guidance from players. [A] This dynamic bears a resemblance to traditional
education, an observation highlighted by Martina Williams, one of the leaders of the group. [B]
‘Through the game, we were no longer passive learners in the classroom, being told what and how
to learn, but active participants in our own society. [C] The leaders, meanwhile, had a vision for
their virtual world as a whole, encouraging everyone to play their part in achieving the group’s
goals. [D] Through creating their own characters and using these to build their own ‘world’,
students will have gained some experiential understanding of societal structure and how
communities work.
But not everyone is convinced by video games’ potential academic value. While many progressive
commentators cite extensive evidence to maintain that video games encourage collaboration and
build problem-solving skills, more traditional factions continue to insist they are a distraction that
do not merit inclusion in any curriculum. Even less evangelical cynics, who may grudgingly
acknowledge games have some educational benefit, assert that this is only the case in the hands of
creative educators. However, the accusation most often levelled at video games is that they detract
from the social aspect of the classroom, particularly taking part in discussions. Dr Helen Conway,
an educational researcher, argues that video games can be used to promote social activities.
‘Students become animated talking about the game and how to improve their gameplaying and
problem-solving skills,’ she says. ‘I find it strange, this image that many people have,’ Conway
says. ‘Children are often totally detached from their peers when undertaking more traditional
activities, like reading books, but we never suggest that books are harmful because they’re a
solitary experience.
(Adapted from Exam Booster)
1. The first time Edwards used a game in his classes, he was
A. convinced that learners would realise why he wanted them to play it.
B. convinced that learners would see the reasons for playing it.
C. anxious that he had chosen the wrong one for learners to play.
D. sure that his reasons for getting learners to play it were valid.
2. The writer suggests that Minecraft is a good choice of educational game because
A. any number of learners can use it simultaneously.
B. teachers can remove any inappropriate material.
C. gamers can create educative tasks whilst playing it.
D. players can develop their skills in a step-by-step way.
3. Which of the following words in the fourth paragraph is used to convey a feeling of approval?
A. keen B. harmonious C. driving D. newborn
4. In the fifth paragraph, the writer draws a comparison between a Minecraft ‘society’ and
A. relationships within the group as they played.
B. the way in which countries organise themselves.
C. typical students in a school environment.
D. how leadership operates in different situations.
5. In the sixth paragraph, the writer feels that critics of video games in education
A. are unwilling to admit that using them in class has benefits.
B. make accurate observations about teachers who use them.
C. use flawed research to support their objections to using them.
D. acknowledge the drawbacks of more traditional teaching methods.
6. The words ‘this image’ in the sixth paragraph refer to
A. people who criticise gaming in education.
B. students discussing a game in a group.
C. a group of students reading individually.
D. a solitary player absorbed in a game.
7. Where does this sentence belong to in the fifth paragraph?
Each group member had ideas as to how their function should develop.
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
8. The word ‘subtly’ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.
A. intricately B. ingeniously C. ingenuously D. haphazardly
9. The word ‘grudgingly’ in the sixth paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.
A. gleefully B. vivaciously C. genially D. reluctantly
10. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards the application of gaming
into education?
A. supportive B. neutral C. cynical D. satirical
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 3: For questions 1-13, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
(13 points)
A. Even the Greeks couldn't agree about it. Was music a source of order and proportion in society,
regulating its innate chaos in ways similar to the disciplines of geometry and architecture? Or did
its ability to express passionate emotions beyond the reach of words create the potential for
disorder and anarchy? Compare the behaviour of an audience listening to classical string quartets
with headbangers at a rave, and the age-old conflict between Apollo and Dionysius is made
manifest all over again in our own time.
B. Shakespeare, though, came clean. For him, 'the man who hath no music in himself, Nor is not
mov'd with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treasons, strategems and spoils; The motions of his
spirit are dull as night ...' Throughout his plays, Shakespeare perceives music as a healing force,
an art whose practice makes man whole.
C. Yet, despite the growth of the science of music therapy within the last two centuries, and despite
the huge weight of books published on the miraculous 'Mozart effect', our schools and colleges
have fallen strangely silent. The so-called 'Mozart effect' presents anecdotal and statistical
evidence for advances in both social and academic skills in those children exposed in their
formative years to the music of Mozart. But, in an age obsessed by pragmatism and by short-term
vocational learning, music has been marginalized in both primary and secondary education.
Compared with the holy trinity of reading, writing, and arithmetic, music is regarded as a luxury
pastime. As a result, children are leaving school not only totally ignorant of their own musical
heritage, but lacking in social, physical, and mental skills which musical performance can uniquely
promote.
D. Playing an instrument requires a degree of concentration and coordination which brings into
play a plethora of mental and physical skills which are being eroded in our push-button world.
Socialization and team-work are also involved. Schools with wind bands, string ensembles, jazz
groups, and orchestras are tight up there at the top of the league tables. In excelling in musical
activity, the students' performance in many other fields of learning is refocused and radically
improved.
E. There are medical aspects too. Long before British primary schools discovered the recorder -
that most basic of all modern woodwind instruments - Australian Aborigines had developed the
didgeridoo. Like the darinet and the flute, this haunting and beautiful instrument helped to
overcome both upper and lower respiratory tract problems and encouraged better sleep. In playing
a wind instrument, abdominal muscles are used to support the breathing system. And these are the
very muscles which come into play when an asthmatic is experiencing an attack.
F. But what of those individuals and schools which simply cannot afford a musical instrument?
What of those institutions where not a single member of staff can read music? This is where the
human being's most primitive form of music-making comes into its own. Singing is free. Everyone
possesses a voice. And, with it, the body expresses itself in the most fundamental and organic way.
G. The Hungarian composer Zoltan Kodaly knew this, and developed his own system of training
ear and voice within a simple yet comprehensive system of body language. Today, an organization
called The Voices Foundation adapts and applies Kodaly's methods, aiming to give children back
their singing voices, and to make our schools ring with music-making once again. Their advisors
and leathers have already achieved extraordinary turn-around effects the length and breadth of
Britain and in schools in the troubled areas of South Africa.
H. Important work is currently being done in Finland, Israel, and the United States on pre-school,
even pre-birth, musical education. Music in the womb is very much part of the life of the unborn
future citizens of Finland. And one has only to look at the educational standards, health records,
and professional musical activity in this small nation to see what dividends so music in education
pays from the earliest days of human life.
I. Mozart has been celebrated in his anniversary years of 1991 and again in 2006. By the time of
the next Mozart-Year, shall we have allowed music to conjure a better society for us all? Or,
relegated to the ranks of mere entertainment, will music be eroded of its unique power to heal and
to make whole?
(Adapted from Improve your IELTS Reading Skills)
Questions 1-7
The reading passage has nine paragraphs, A-I.
Choose the correct heading for Paragraphs B-H from the list of headings
List of Headings
i The effect of emphasis on short-term educational goals
ii The limited effects of music
iii The future of music
iv Benefits for health
v The effects of early exposure to music
vi The skills involved in musical activity
vii A playwright's perception of music
viii Early exposure to Music in the USA
ix Music without instruments
x The 'Mozart effect'
xi Order or chaos?
xii The creation of The Voices Foundation
xiii A method for training singers
xiv The use of music in Shakespeare's plays

Write the correct number, i-xiv, for each answer.

Example Answer
0. Paragraph A xi
00. Paragraph I iii
1. Paragraph B _______________
2. Paragraph C _______________
3. Paragraph D _______________
4. Paragraph E _______________
5. Paragraph F _______________
6. Paragraph G _______________
7. Paragraph H _______________
Questions 8-10
Do the following statements agree with the given information of the reading passage?
In the corresponding boxes, write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

8. In Shakespeare's dramas, music is seen in a positive light.

9. Schools lack the funds to buy luxury items like musical instruments.
10. Musical activity can only lead to a slight improvement in children's social, physical, and mental
skills.
Questions 11-13
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
11. According to the writer, studying music
A. may not help all students to improve in other areas of their studies.
B. means that students spend less time on reading, writing, and arithmetic.
C. helps students to improve enormously in other areas of their studies.
D. means that students will excel as professional musicians.
12. The didgeridoo is an instrument that
A. has a negative effect on those suffering with breathing problems.
B. benefits those suffering with breathing problems.
C. tends to send those who listen to it to sleep.
D. sounds sad to most people.
13. Which of the following is the most suitable heading for the reading passage?
A. The growth of music in the school curriculum
B. Music throughout the ages
C. Music for everyone
Ꭰ. The beneficial effects of a musical education
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Part 4. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 1-7, read
the passage and choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE
extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered box provided. (7 points)

SOCIAL CHANGE DOWN IN BLACK AND WHITE

We are increasingly being led to believe that advances in communications technology have
brought us to the threshold of the paperless society, one in which the book may be seen as a
museum piece. However, for many of us, our progress down this path may involve much dragging
of heels..
1.

As soon as people discovered the secrets of paper-making, the communication of ideas and values
really took off in an unprecedented way. Scientific theories could be explained to a wider audience,
knowledge could be more readily accumulated by scholars, and literature, which had relied on oral
tradition, gained a new lease of life in an ever-expanding role.
2.

Within a thousand years, China well outstripped Europe in wealth. This was not only achieved
through paper-making, but also by virtue of other Chinese scientific achievements like gunpowder
and developments in astronomy and navigation, which helped the Chinese become the leading
military and trading power.
3.

Such was the importance of paper to the wealth and power of the Chinese emperors that they were
determined to keep the process of paper-making a closely guarded secret. But, as with other
profitable knowledge, it was just a matter of time before the secret became known, and other
countries were then empowered to flourish through the spread of knowledge and ideas that paper
could facilitate.
4.

The principles of printing had, in fact, been known in China for several hundred years before the
European 'invention' of printing. The Chinese had been working with clay, but found that this wore
down, so printers constantly had to make new type. From there, they went on to wooden type. In
fact, they did proceed to metal type, but were at a disadvantage, due to the complexity of their
language, which required many different types for the characters.
5.

It did not take long for this invention to catch on as the modern means to spread knowledge and
ideas. By the end of the fifteenth century there were sixty paper mills in Germany to satisfy the
demands of the printing presses and printing had been introduced to other European countries.
6.

As a result, books and knowledge were more accessible to the less well off and, accordingly, the
importance of literacy was more widely recognised. This became the impetus for a virtuous cycle:
with the availability of cheaper books, education and literacy grew, and with the increase in the
literate population there was a further rise in the demand for books.
7.

None of the social or intellectual revolutions of the past few hundred years would have taken place
with such rapid success had it not been for paper. Likewise, paper and cheap printed material are
responsible for the increasing growth of education and the ascendancy of democratic principles.
It is therefore no exaggeration to state that paper has played a major role in shaping the modern
world.

A. No sooner did this cultural advantage find its way into western hands than its exploitation began
to be realised. The first paper mill in Germany was set up towards the end of the fourteenth century,
and it didn't take long for the church to appreciate the potential role of paper in the expansion of
its activities and teaching. From producing paper, it didn't take long for Europeans to make the
next great leap that would open the floodgates to advances in civilisation.
B. The next consequence was the use of paper and printing to fuel revolution and social upheaval.
The availability of cheap printing technology enabled the Protestant Reformation to take off, with
the publication of hundreds of thousands of copies of Martin Luther's writings. Recognising the
power of the printed word, the Catholic church resorted to desperate retaliatory action by attacking
booksellers and destroying works that they did not approve of.
C. This should come as no surprise. After all, we have had over a thousand years to form a strong
emotional attachment to paper, which has, along with writing and printing, comprised the basis
for the development and progress of society.
D. It was not long afterwards that William Caxton, an English merchant, retired from his business
and went to Germany to learn about printing. He took part in producing the first book to be printed
in English, which was printed on a Flemish press, and he went on, in 1477, to publish the first
book printed in England.
E. However, such inventions and discoveries can not, in themselves, account for the phenomenal
growth of Chinese power and influence. Credit for this progress must go to those tools at the
disposal of the Chinese which enabled them to exploit their discoveries and build on them: writing
paper and another Chinese invention, block printing.
F. The massive surge in the production of books which followed as a result of the change from
writing books by hand to printing them enabled Europe to overtake China as the most advanced
civilisation. Knowledge which had previously been in the hands of the church, rulers and a handful
of scholars soon became more widely available.
G. At the forefront of this great step towards civilisation were the Chinese. Around 105 AD, they
invented paper and, from the time of that crucial achievement, their civilisation developed in leaps
and bounds. With the secret of paper-making in their hands, the Chinese soon had the most
advanced civilisation and China enjoyed hundreds of years of prosperity.
H. This lost knowledge was not only rediscovered when Johannes Gutenberg invented the type
mould in the middle of the fifteenth century, but vastly improved upon. His press used metal type,
and was not only a revolutionary invention, but was also one of the earliest precision instruments.
The letters were of a uniform shape and size and could be locked together in neat, even lines of
text. It was a fairly straightforward matter to set up and print a few pages then rearrange the type
and use it again for other pages.
(Adapted from Balance entry)
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Part 5. The passage below consists of five sections marked A-E. For questions 1-10, read the
passage and do the task that follows. Write your answers (A-E) in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided. (15 points)

Back to Basics for fun at sea

Journalist Tess Jordan joins the crew of the Wincutter for some tall ship sailing.

A. I have always been fascinated by tall ships, with their many imposing masts and sails so
reminiscent of times past. Thus, on being given the chance to join the crew for a month-long
voyage on a tall ship, I grabbed it with both hands. At 42, I was one of the oldest of the thirty new
crew members, whose average age was 23. Despite our combined lack of maritime experience,
we got off to a pleasant, confidence-inducing start organized by Captain Cox and the bosun, Ben
Murray. Obviously, being the crew member in charge of the ship’s equipment and the deck hands,
the bosun would be a constant reassuring presence in our midst. Having assembled on the deck,
we were given a friendly pep talk, in which we were briefed about the training we would receive
and given a thorough grounding in everything concerning safety on board.

B. Captain Cox explained that absolutely everything we did would be part of the learning process.
Our names were already on lists for working groups known as 'watches'. Each watch would be on
duty for a certain part of the day or night and these would rotate during our time on board so that
we would get a taste of working each different shift. Clearly, we would be getting to know the
other members of our watch really well. We would also be socialising with the other crew
members when participating in different lessons. These included plenty of rope work, sail-
repairing and carpentry. We spent the first afternoon getting acquainted with each other, finding
our way around and learning the names for everything on the ship, whether it moved or not. We
were due to set sail at six in the morning with the high tide. Until then, we hoped the gentle swell
in the harbour was helping us to 'find our sea legs'.

C. One thing that seemed certain from the outset was that we would have little time for idleness
or boredom. On deck, we would be handling lines and sails, keeping lookout and scrubbing the
decks. Sailors have to know a little bit about every aspect of life on board, so we all had turns at
taking the helm to steer the ship. One activity that I was rather anxious about was climbing aloft
in the rigging to trim sails. Fortunately, the harnesses we were equipped with alleviated my
concerns somewhat, and in the end, it wasn't nearly as bad as I had anticipated. In the galley we
helped the cook prepare meals, did the washing-up and put everything away in its designated place
after meals. Space on any ship is at a premium, hence the need for absolute order.

D. In parallel to our hard physical work, we received lessons in navigation - not just involving the
theory, but with plenty of opportunities to put theory into practice, for example by plotting our
position and checking the course we were on. Although much of this is a science, learning about
wind directions and speeds and the vagaries of different currents in the sea seemed to be more like
an art that must be acquired through long experience. We certainly saw some of the different
moods of the weather at sea. Fortunately, everyone had been provided with top quality waterproofs
for use on deck. Actually the weather conditions gave us ample opportunity to acclimatise
ourselves to the motion of a boat at sea, which can induce dizziness and, in one unfortunate case
involving Jack, a member of my watch, a bad bout of seasickness. Luckily, with some tips from
the seasoned sailors, Jack learnt to overcome his nausea.

E. Ultimately, it turned out to be true that sharing work is a great way of bringing people together
as a cohesive unit and of creating friendships. What's more, as we became more adept at our work
on the Windcutter, we developed the ability to function efficiently enough without concentrating
hard on our tasks, so there was a relaxed atmosphere and a feeling of camaraderie. After all, this
was an experience of a lifetime, not a typical nine-to-five job. Of course, we were always aware
of the need to do things properly, especially since the experienced crew members weren't going to
cut us any slack in terms of the quality of our work. Nevertheless, I was seriously impressed by
our teamwork on the Windcutter, and I truly wish my fellow journalists and I could achieve similar
standards of work here at the Congress Courier.
(Adapted from IELTS Practice tests by Rehman Naveed)

In which section does the writer mention

1. that tidiness is a necessary consequence of the limited space on board?

2. that the trainees would have to learn some woodworking skills?
3. that there was a high expectation for professional development?
4. that work characteristics require practitioners to maintain a deep mutual understanding?
5. that more time is invested in giving an insight into issues related to security on deck instead
of providing oceangoing firsthand experience?
6. that the driving position was often assigned randomly to educate about daily life on ships?
7. that the balance between theoretical knowledge and frequent real-life applications provoked
a new perspective about an aspect of ship sailing?
8. that teamwork is a prerequisite for creating a tight-knit working environment?
9. that the performance of the novices was judged as severely as usual?
10. that a novice was comforted thanks to the advice of experiencers?

Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

IV. WRITING (60 points)

Part 1: Read the following extract and use your own words to summarise it. Your summary
should be from 100 to 120 words long. (15points)
It was one of the oddest experiments in the history of dentistry. In the early 1950s a researcher
called Benjamin Kamrin was looking into the causes of tooth decay. To do so, he turned to that
scientific stalwart, the lab rat. Specifically, he cut small patches of skin from pairs of rats and then
sutured the animals together at the site of the wound. After about a week of being joined in this
way, the animals’ blood vessels began to merge. The result was two rats whose hearts pumped
blood around a shared circulatory system. This state of affairs is called parabiosis.
Parabiosis works best on animals that are closely related genetically. By getting his rats to share
blood, as well as genes, and then feeding the animals a variety of diets, Kamrin hoped to prove
(which he did) that it was sugar in food, and not some inherent deficiency in individuals, that was
responsible for rotting their teeth.
Other people, though, have used the technique to find more striking results. For example,
mammalian bone density usually drops with age. Three years after Kamrin’s work, however, a
gerontologist called Clive McCay showed that linking an old rat to a young one boosted the density
of the oldster’s bones. In 1972 another paper reported, even more spectacularly, that elderly rats
which shared blood with young ones lived four to five months longer than similarly old rats which
did not
The rats themselves, unsurprisingly, were not always keen on the procedure. Early papers describe
the dangers of “parabiotic disease”, in which one animal’s immune system rebels against the
foreign blood, and also explain how rats must be socialized carefully before being joined, to stop
them biting each other to death.
“The technique itself is kind of gross and crude,” admits Michael Conboy, a biologist and
parabiosis researcher at the University of California, Berkeley. Perhaps for that reason, research
had more or less died out by the late 1970s. These days, though, it is back in the news - for a string
of recent discoveries have suggested that previous generations of researchers were onto something.
The blood of young animals, it seems, may indeed be able to ameliorate at least some of the effects
of ageing. And the technique is promising enough to have spawned human clinical trials.

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Part 2: The pie graphs show greenhouse gas emissions worldwide in 2002 and the forecast for
2030. The column chart shows carbon dioxide emissions around the world. Write a report (of
about 150 words) to summarize the information. Select and report the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.

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Part 3: Write an essay of about 350 words to express your opinion on the following issue.
A growing trend nowadays is that criminals are increasingly being idolized by young people. What
are the causes and implications of this trend? Give specific example(s) to support your answer.

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 ---------------------HẾT-------------------

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