Rate of Reaction

1. In an experiment, a student allowed a sample of calcium carbonate to react with 30 cm 3 of 2.00 mol dm–3
hydrochloric acid (excess) in a flask. The mass of the flask and its contents was recorded over a period of
time. Curve X shows the results obtained.

a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in the flask. (1 mark)

b) Why did the mass of the flask and its contents decrease? (1 mark)

c) Referring to the curve, which point (A, B or C) represents the most rapid reaction? Explain your
answer. (2 marks)

d) From the graph, calculate the average rate of reaction in the time interval from the start of the
experiment to the 60th second. (2 marks)

e) From the graph, calculate the instantaneous rate of reaction at 150th second. (2 marks)

f) From the graph, calculate the initial rate. (2 marks)

2. A student determined the volume of hydrogen evolved when 5.60 g of zinc were allowed to react with
100.0 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid.

Curve X below represents the results obtained.

a) Draw a labelled diagram of a possible experimental set-up for this experiment. (2 marks)

b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. (1 mark)

c) Calculate whether zinc or hydrochloric acid was in excess. (3 marks)(RAM: Zn = 65.4)

d) Compare the reaction rate at points A and B on curve X. Explain why the rates are different.
(2 marks)

e) The experiment was repeated using the same mass of zinc and 100.0 cm3 of 1.80 mol dm–3 hydrochloric
acid.
Sketch on the same graph to show the relationship between the volume of hydrogen evolved and time
under the new set of conditions. Explain your answer. (3 marks)