[MAA 3.

5]
SIN, COS, TAN ON THE UNIT CIRCLE - IDENTITIES
SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

Ο. Practice questions

1.
sin160o p sin200o –p

cos160o –q cos200o –q

tan160o – p/q tan200o p/q

sin340o –p sin(-20o) –p

cos340o q cos(-20o) q

tan340o – p/q tan(-20o) – p/q

2. (a)
p
tan 20o = (in terms of p and q)
q
sin 40o = 2pq (in terms of p and q)
q p
2 2
(in terms of p and q)
cos 40o = 1 2 p 2
(in terms of p only)
2q  12
(in terms of q only)

3. (a) cos 2 x  sin 2 x  1  cos x  1  p 2

(b)
Formula Expression in terms of p

sin x p
tan x 
cos x 1  p2

cos 2x  1  2 cos 2 x 1 2 p2

sin 2x  2sin x cos x 2 p 1  p2

sin 2 x 2 p 1 p2
tan 2x 
cos 2 x 1  2 p2

sin 4x  2sin 2 x cos 2 x 4 p 1  p 2 (1  2 p 2 )

1
4. (a)

4 7 3
3 cos   , tan  
θ 4 7
7

(b)

4 7 7
7 sin   , tan  
θ 4 3
3
(c)

3 3
5 3 sin   , cos  
θ
5 5
4

5. In the 2nd quadrant only sin is positive. Hence

(a)

4 7 3
3 cos    , tan   
θ 4 7
7

(b)

4 15
15 sin   , tan    15
θ 4
1
(c)

1 4
15 4 sin   , cos   
θ 15 15
1

1  cos 2 1  (1  2sin 2  ) 2sin 2  sin 

6. (a)     tan 
sin 2 2sin  cos  2sin  cos  cos 

sin 2 2sin  cos  2sin  cos  sin 

(b)     tan 
1  cos 2 1  (2 cos   1)
2
2 cos 2  cos 

7. (a) (cos   sin  ) 2  a 2  cos 2   2 sin  cos   sin 2   a 2  1  sin 2  a 2

sin 2  a 2  1
(b) (cos   sin  ) 2  cos 2   2sin  cos   sin 2   1  sin 2  2  a 2
Hence, cos   sin   2  a 2

2
 2
4 16 16
8. (a) (cos   sin  ) 2     cos 2   2 sin  cos   sin 2    1  sin 2 
3 9 9
7
sin 2 
9
2
7  49  17
(b) cos 4  1  2 sin 2 2  1  2    1  2   
9  81  81

2
1 1 1
9. (a) (cos   sin  )     cos 2   2 sin  cos   sin 2    1  sin 2 
2

2 4 4
3
sin 2 
4
2
3
cos 4  1  2 sin 2  1  2    1  2    
(b) 2 9 2
4  16  16

A. Exam style questions (SHORT)

10. (a) Acute angle 30°   = 150° (2nd quadrant since sine positive and cosine negative)
1
1
(b) tan 150° = 2 = –
3 3

2
11. (a) x is an acute angle => cosx is positive.
2
2 2 12 8 2 2
cos x+sin x =1=> cosx = 1 – sin x = 1 –   = (= )
3 9 3
2
2 1 7
(b) cos2x = 1 – 2sin x = 1 – 2   =
 3 9
5
12. (a) BC  32  2 2  5 sin  =
3
 5  2  4 5
sin 2 = 2 sin  cos = 2 
 3   3 
=
  9
4 5 1 5 1
(b) cos 2 =  =  OR cos 2 = , 1  2  ,= 
9 9 9 9 9
5 12 12
13. sin A =  cos A =  But A is obtuse  cos A = –
13 13 13
5  12  120
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A= 2 ×    = –
13  13  169

14. (a) (i) sin 140 = p (ii) cos 70 = q

(b) METHOD 1 METHOD 2

using sin2  + cos2  = 1 using cos2  = 2 cos2   1
cos 140 =  1  p 2 cos 140 = 2cos2701= 2(q)21 = 2q2 1

(c) METHOD 1 METHOD 2

sin 140 p p
tan 140 =  tan 140 =
cos 140 1 p 2 2q 1
2

3
 2
1 7
15. (a) cos 2A = 2cos2 A  1= 2     1A  
 3 9
(b) METHOD 1
using sin2 B + cos2 B = 1
5  5   5
cos B =    
cos B =  
9  3   3

METHOD 2

Diagram, eg
third side equals 5
5
cos B = 
3
3
16. (a) tan θ =
4
(b) (i) by using a right-angles triangle with sides 3,4,5
3 4
sin θ = , cos θ =
5 5
24
sin 2θ = 2 sin x cos x =
25
2 2 2 2
 3 7  3  4  3 7
(ii) cos 2θ = 1 – 2   = OR cos 2θ =   ,      =
5 25 5 5 5 25

sin x
17. (a) f (x) = sin3 x + cos3 x = sin x (sin2 x + cos2 x) = sin x
cos x
(b) f (2x) = sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
5
sin2 x + cos2 x = 1  cos x = 
3

 2  5  4 5
f (2x) = 2    =  f(2x)
 
3  3  9


3
18. (a) cos 30o  1  2 sin 2 15o   1  2 sin 2 15o  3  2  4 sin 2 15o
2
2 3
 sin 2 15o 
4
2 3
 sin15o 
2
3
(b) cos 30o  2 cos 2 15o  1   2 cos 2 15o  1  3  4 cos 2 15o  2
2
2 3
 cos 2 15o 
4
2 3
 cos15o 
2

4
 sin 4θ 1 – cos 2θ 
19. [we simplify only 4θ first]
cos 2θ 1 – cos 4θ 

2sin 2 cos 2 (1  cos 2 )


cos 2 (1  (1  2sin 2 2 ))
2sin 2 (1  cos 2 ) 1  cos 2
  [now we simplify 2θ]
2sin 2 2 sin 2
1  (1  2sin 2  ) 2sin 2 
 
2sin  cos  2sin  cos 
sin 
  tan 
cos 

20. 2sin 4 x  3sin 2 x  0  4sin 2 x cos 2 x  3sin 2 x  0

sin 2 x(4cos 2 x  3)  0
3
4 cos 2 x  3  0  cos 2 x 
4
3 7
2 cos 2 x  1   cos 2 x 
4 8

21. 2 a sin 2 x cos 2 x  b sin 2 x  0

sin 2 x (2a cos 2 x  b)  0
b
cos 2 x  
2a
b
2cos x  1  
2

2a
 b 1 1 b  2a  b 
 cos 2 x  1      
 2a  2 2 4 a  4a 

22.

sin x sin 2 x sin x 2sin x cos x

23. (a)     AC  20 cos x
10 AC 10 AC
1 1
(b) Area ABC  AC  BCsin C  50 cos x  10  20 cos x sin C
2 2
1
sin C   Cˆ  30

2

5
B. Exam style questions (LONG)
3
24. (a) cos DȂC  cos x 
5
2
5 50 14 7
(b) cos BȂC  cos 2 x  2cos 2 x  1  2    1  1  
6 36 36 18
5 7 5 5  18 90
(c) cos BȂC     AB   AB 
AB 18 AB 7 7
7
(d) sin B 
18
(d) CD  52  62  CD  11
2

CD 11
tan BAD  tan x  
5 5
1 4.42
25. (a) A= x 3x sin θ so sin θ =
2 3x 2
x  (3 x ) 2  ( x  3) 2
2
3x 2  2 x  3
(b) Cosine rule gives cos θ = =
2  x  3x 2x 2
(c) (i) Substituting the answers from (a) and (b) into the identity
cos2 θ = 1 – sin2 θ gives
2
 3x 2  2 x  3  2
  1  
4.42 
 
 2x 2  2
 3x 
 
(ii) (a) x = 1.24, 2.94
 3x 2  2 x  3 
(b) θ = arccos  

 2x 2 
θ = 1.86 radians or θ = 0.171

26. (a) (i) x=5 (ii) ymax = 144

(b) (i) z = 10 – x (since x + z = 10)
(ii) z2 = x2 + 62 – 2(x)(6)cos Z
(iii) 100 – 20x + x2 = x2 + 36 – 12x cos Z
20 x  64 5 x 16
 12x cos Z = 20x – 64  cos Z = =
12 x 3x
 1 
(c) A   6  x  sin Z  3x sin Z   A2 = 9x2 sin2 Z
 2 
5 x 16
(d) Using sin2 Z = 1 – cos2 Z, Substituting for cos Z
3x

 5 x 16 
2
 25 x 2 160 x  256 
and expanding   to  

 3x   9x 2 
A2 = 9x2 – (25x2 – 160x + 256) = –16x2 + 160x – 256
(e) (i) 144 (is maximum value of A2, from part (a))
Amax = 12
(ii) Isosceles

6
 h
27. (a) For the height h, sin θ =  h = 2 sin θ
2
b
For the base of triangle b, cos θ =  b = 2 cos θ
2
1 
Area y = 2  2 cos   2 sin    2  2 sin  ,= 4 sin θ cos θ + 4 sin θ
2 
y = 4 sin θ + 2 sin 2θ
(b) 4 sin θ + 2 sin 2θ = 5
θ = 0.856 (49.0º), θ = 1.25 (71.4º)
(c) By graph GDC 4 < A < 5.20