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Ways of the World is the ideal textbook for your redesigned AP® World History
classroom. Like the AP® course it supports, Ways of the World focuses on significant
historical trends, themes, and developments in world history. Authors Robert Strayer
and Eric Nelson provide a thoughtful and insightful synthesis that helps students see the
big picture. Each chapter then culminates with collections of primary sources organized
around a particular theme, issue, or question, allowing students to consider the
evidence the way historians do.
1. Front Matter
2. Cover Page
3. Inside Front Cover
4. Title Page
5. Copyright Page
6. Dedication
7. About the Authors
8. About the Contributors
9. Brief Contents
10. Contents
11. To the Student
12. How to Get the Most from This Program
13. Maps
14. Features
15. Working with Evidence
16. AP® History Practices and Skills: A Primer
17. Prologue: From Cosmic History to Human History
18. The History of the Universe
19. The History of a Planet
20. The History of the Human Species . . . in a Single Paragraph
21. Why World History?
22. Change, Comparison, and Connection: The Three Cs of World History
23. Part One First Things First: Beginnings in History, to 600 B.C.E.
24. The Big Picture: Turning Points in Early World History
25. The Emergence of Humankind
26. The Globalization of Humankind
27. The Revolution of Farming and Herding
28. The Turning Point of Civilization
29. Time and World History
30. Landmarks in World History (to ca. 600 B.C.E.)
31. Understanding AP® Themes in Part One
32. 1 First Peoples; First Farmers: Most of History in a Single Chapter, to 4000 B.C.E.
33. Out of Africa: First Migrations
34. Into Eurasia
35. Into Australia
36. Into the Americas
37. Into the Pacific
38. The Ways We Were
39. The First Human Societies
40. Economy and the Environment
41. The Realm of the Spirit
42. Settling Down: The Great Transition
43. Zooming In: Göbekli Tepe: Monumental Construction before Agriculture
44. Breakthroughs to Agriculture
45. Common Patterns
46. Variations
47. The Globalization of Agriculture
48. Triumph and Resistance
49. The Culture of Agriculture
50. Zooming In: Ishi, the Last of His People
51. Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture
52. Pastoral Societies
53. Agricultural Village Societies
54. Chiefdoms
55. Reflections: The Uses of the Paleolithic
56. Chapter Review
57. What’s the Significance?
58. Big Picture Questions
59. Next Steps: For Further Study
60. Working with Evidence: Written Sources
61. Stories of the Australian Dreamtime
62. 1.1 Understanding Creation: Yhi Brings Life to the World
63. 1.2 Understanding the Significance of Animals: The Platypus
64. 1.3 Understanding Men and Women: The Man-Eater: The Mutjinga Myth
65. 1.4 Understanding Death: How Death Came: The Purukapali Myth
66. 2 First Civilizations: Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, 3500 B.C.E.–600 B.C.E.
67. Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations
68. Introducing the First Civilizations
69. Zooming In: Caral, a City of Norte Chico
70. The Question of Origins
71. An Urban Revolution
72. The Erosion of Equality
73. Hierarchies of Class
74. Hierarchies of Gender
75. Patriarchy in Practice
76. The Rise of the State
77. Coercion and Consent
78. Writing and Accounting
79. The Grandeur of Kings
80. Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt
81. Environment and Culture
82. Cities and States
83. Zooming In: Paneb, an Egyptian Troublemaker
84. Interaction and Exchange
85. Reflections: “Civilization”: What’s in a Word?
86. Chapter Review
87. What’s the Significance?
88. Big Picture Questions
89. Next Steps: For Further Study
90. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
91. Indus Valley Civilization
92. 2.1 A Seal from the Indus Valley
93. 2.2 Man from Mohenjo Daro
94. 2.3 Dancing Girl
95. Part One AP® Exam Practice Questions
96. Part Two Second-Wave Civilizations in World History, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
97. The Big Picture: After the First Civilizations: What Changed and What Didn’t?
98. Continuities in Civilization
99. Changes in Civilization
100. Landmarks in World History (ca. 600 B.C.E.–ca. 600 C.E.)
101. Understanding AP® Themes in Part Two
102. 3 State and Empire in Eurasia/North Africa, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
103. Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks
104. The Persian Empire
105. The Greeks
106. Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars
107. Collision: Alexander and the Hellenistic Era
108. Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese
109. Rome: From City-State to Empire
110. China: From Warring States to Empire
111. Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires
112. Zooming In: Trung Trac: Resisting the Chinese Empire
113. The Collapse of Empires
114. Zooming In: The Kushan Empire
115. Intermittent Empire: The Case of India
116. Reflections: Enduring Legacies of Second-Wave Empires
117. Chapter Review
118. What’s the Significance?
119. Big Picture Questions
120. Next Steps: For Further Study
121. Working with Evidence: Written Sources
122. Perceptions of Outsiders in the Ancient World
123. 3.1 A Greek Historian on Persia and Egypt: Herodotus, The Histories, Mid-
Fifth Century B.C.E.
124. 3.2 A Roman Historian on the Germans: Tacitus, Germania, First Century C.E.
125. 3.3 A Chinese Historian on the Xiongnu: Sima Qian, Records of the Grand
Historian, ca. 100 B.C.E.
126. 4 Culture and Religion in Eurasia/North Africa, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
127. China and the Search for Order
128. The Legalist Answer
129. The Confucian Answer
130. The Daoist Answer
131. Cultural Traditions of Classical India
132. South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation
133. The Buddhist Challenge
134. Zooming In: Nalanda, India’s Buddhist University
135. Hinduism as a Religion of Duty and Devotion
136. Toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East
137. Zoroastrianism
138. Judaism
139. The Cultural Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a Rational Order
140. The Greek Way of Knowing
141. The Greek Legacy
142. The Birth of Christianity . . . with Buddhist Comparisons
143. The Lives of the Founders
144. The Spread of New Religions
145. Zooming In: Perpetua, Christian Martyr
146. Institutions, Controversies, and Divisions
147. Reflections: Religion and Historians
148. Chapter Review
149. What’s the Significance?
150. Big Picture Questions
151. Next Steps: For Further Study
152. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
153. Representations of the Buddha
154. 4.1 Footprints of the Buddha
155. 4.2 A Gandhara Buddha
156. 4.3 A Bodhisattva of Compassion: Avalokitesvara with a Thousand Arms
157. 4.4 The Chinese Maitreya Buddha
158. 5 Society and Inequality in Eurasia/North Africa, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
159. Society and the State in China
160. An Elite of Officials
161. The Landlord Class
162. Peasants
163. Zooming In: Ge Hong, a Chinese Scholar in Troubled Times
164. Merchants
165. Class and Caste in India
166. Caste as Varna
167. Caste as Jati
168. The Functions of Caste
169. Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
170. Slavery and Civilization
171. The Making of Roman Slavery
172. Zooming In: The Spartacus Slave Revolt
173. Comparing Patriarchies
174. A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China
175. Contrasting Patriarchies: Athens and Sparta
176. Reflections: What Changes? What Persists?
177. Chapter Review
178. What’s the Significance?
179. Big Picture Questions
180. Next Steps: For Further Study
181. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
182. Pompeii as a Window on the Roman World
183. 5.1 Terentius Neo and His Wife
184. 5.2 A Pompeii Banquet
185. 5.3 Scenes in a Pompeii Tavern
186. 5.4 A Domestic Shrine
187. 5.5 Mystery Religions: The Cult of Dionysus
188. 6 Commonalities and Variations: Africa, the Americas, and Pacific Oceania,
600 B.C.E.–1200 C.E.
189. Continental Comparisons
190. Civilizations of Africa
191. Meroë: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization
192. Zooming In: Piye, Kushite Conqueror of Egypt
193. Axum: The Making of a Christian Kingdom
194. Along the Niger River: Cities without States
195. Civilizations of Mesoamerica
196. The Maya: Writing and Warfare
197. Teotihuacán: The Americas’ Greatest City
198. Civilizations of the Andes
199. Chavín: A Pan-Andean Religious Movement
200. Moche: A Civilization of the Coast
201. Wari and Tiwanaku: Empires of the Interior
202. Zooming In: The Lord of Sipan and the Lady of Cao
203. Alternatives to Civilization
204. Bantu Africa: Cultural Encounters and Social Variation
205. North America: Ancestral Pueblo and Mound Builders
206. Pacific Oceania: Peoples of the Sea
207. Reflections: Deciding What’s Important: Balance in World History
208. Chapter Review
209. What’s the Significance?
210. Big Picture Questions
211. Next Steps: For Further Study
212. Working with Evidence: Written Sources
213. Axum and the World
214. 6.1 A Guidebook to the World of Indian Ocean Commerce: The Periplus of the
Erythraean Sea, First Century C.E.
215. 6.2 The Making of an Axumite Empire: Inscription on a Stone Throne, Second
or Third Century C.E.
216. 6.3 The Coming of Christianity to Axum: Rufinus, On the Evangelization of
Abyssinia, Late Fourth Century C.E.
217. 6.4 Axum and the Gold Trade: Cosmas, The Christian Topography, Sixth
Century C.E.
218. Part Two AP® Exam Practice Questions
219. Part Three An Age of Accelerating Connections, 600 C.E.–1450
220. The Big Picture: Defining a Millennium
221. Third-Wave Civilizations: Something New, Something Old, Something Blended
222. The Ties That Bind: Transregional Interaction in the Third-Wave Era
223. Landmarks in World History (600 C.E.–1450)
224. Understanding AP® Themes in Part Three
225. 7 Commerce and Culture, 600–1450
226. Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia
227. The Growth of the Silk Roads
228. Goods in Transit
229. Cultures in Transit
230. Disease in Transit
231. Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean
232. Weaving the Web of an Indian Ocean World
233. Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia
234. Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East Africa
235. Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara
236. Commercial Beginnings in West Africa
237. Gold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West Africa
238. Zooming In: The Arabian Camel
239. An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western
Hemisphere
240. Zooming In: Thorfinn Karlsefni, Viking Voyager
241. Reflections: Economic Globalization — Ancient and Modern
242. Chapter Review
243. What’s the Significance?
244. Big Picture Questions
245. Next Steps: For Further Study
246. Working with Evidence: Written Sources
247. Travelers’ Tales and Observations
248. 7.1 A Chinese Buddhist in India: Huili, A Biography of the Tripitaka Master,
Seventh Century C.E.; Xuanzang, Record of the Western Region, Seventh Century C.E.
249. 7.2 A European Christian in China: Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo,
1299
250. 7.3 A Moroccan Diplomat in West Africa: Leo Africanus, The History and
Description of Africa, 1526
251. 8 China and the World: East Asian Connections, 600–1300
252. Together Again: The Reemergence of a Unified China
253. A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement
254. Zooming In: Gunpowder
255. Women in the Song Dynasty
256. China and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the Making
257. The Tribute System in Theory
258. The Tribute System in Practice
259. Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier
260. Coping with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and Japan
261. Korea and China
262. Vietnam and China
263. Japan and China
264. Zooming In: Izumi Shikibu, Japanese Poet and Lover
265. China and the Eurasian World Economy
266. Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia
267. On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary
268. China and Buddhism
269. Making Buddhism Chinese
270. Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism
271. Reflections: Why Do Things Change?
272. Chapter Review
273. What’s the Significance?
274. Big Picture Questions
275. Next Steps: For Further Study
276. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
277. The Leisure Life of China’s Elites
278. 8.1 A Banquet with the Emperor
279. 8.2 At Table with the Empress
280. 8.3 A Literary Gathering
281. 8.4 An Elite Night Party
282. 9 The Worlds of Islam: Afro-Eurasian Connections, 600–1450
283. The Birth of a New Religion
284. The Homeland of Islam
285. The Messenger and the Message
286. The Transformation of Arabia
287. The Making of an Arab Empire
288. War, Conquest, and Tolerance
289. Conversion
290. Divisions and Controversies
291. Zooming In: Mullah Nasruddin, the Wise Fool of Islam
292. Women and Men in Early Islam
293. Islam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way Comparison
294. The Case of India
295. The Case of Anatolia
296. The Case of West Africa
297. The Case of Spain
298. Zooming In: Mansa Musa, West African Monarch and Muslim Pilgrim
299. The World of Islam as a New Civilization
300. Networks of Faith
301. Networks of Exchange
302. Reflections: Past and Present: Choosing Our History
303. Chapter Review
304. What’s the Significance?
305. Big Picture Questions
306. Next Steps: For Further Study
307. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
308. The Life of the Prophet
309. 9.1 Muhammad and the Archangel Gabriel
310. 9.2 The Night Journey of Muhammad
311. 9.3 The Battle at Badr
312. 9.4 The Destruction of the Idols
313. 10 The Worlds of Christendom: Contraction, Expansion, and Division, 600–
1300
314. Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
315. Asian Christianity
316. African Christianity
317. Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
318. The Byzantine State
319. The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence
320. Byzantium and the World
321. The Conversion of Russia
322. Zooming In: 988 and the Conversion of Rus
323. Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
324. Political Life in Western Europe
325. Society and the Church
326. Accelerating Change in the West
327. Zooming In: Cecilia Penifader, an English Peasant and Unmarried Woman
328. Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition
329. The West in Comparative Perspective
330. Catching Up
331. Pluralism in Politics
332. Reason and Faith
333. Reflections: Remembering and Forgetting: Continuity and Surprise in the
Worlds of Christendom
334. Chapter Review
335. What’s the Significance?
336. Big Picture Questions
337. Next Steps: For Further Study
338. Working with Evidence: Written Sources
339. The Making of Christian Europe
340. 10.1 The Conversion of Clovis: Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, Late
Sixth Century
341. 10.2 Advice on Dealing with “Pagans”: Pope Gregory, Advice to the English
Church, 601
342. 10.3 Charlemagne and the Saxons: Charlemagne, Capitulary on Saxony, 785
343. 10.4 The Persistence of Tradition: Willibald, Life of Boniface, ca. 760
344. 10.5 The Persistence of Tradition: Leechbook, Tenth Century
345. 11 Pastoral Peoples on the Global Stage: The Mongol Moment, 1200–1450
346. Looking Back and Looking Around: The Long History of Pastoral Peoples
347. The World of Pastoral Societies
348. Before the Mongols: Pastoralists in History
349. Breakout: The Mongol Empire
350. From Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol Empire
351. Explaining the Mongol Moment
352. Zooming In: A Mongol Failure: The Invasion of Japan
353. Encountering the Mongols: Comparing Three Cases
354. China and the Mongols
355. Persia and the Mongols
356. Zooming In: Khutulun, a Mongol Wrestler Princess
357. Russia and the Mongols
358. The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network
359. Toward a World Economy
360. Diplomacy on a Eurasian Scale
361. Cultural Exchange in the Mongol Realm
362. The Plague: An Afro-Eurasian Pandemic
363. Reflections: Changing Images of Pastoral Peoples
364. Chapter Review
365. What’s the Significance?
366. Big Picture Questions
367. Next Steps: For Further Study
368. Working with Evidence: Written Sources
369. Perspectives on the Mongols
370. 11.1 Mongol History from a Mongol Source: The Secret History of the
Mongols, ca. 1240
371. 11.2 Chinggis Khan and Changchun: Chinggis Khan, Letter to Changchun,
1219
372. 11.3 The Conquest of Bukhara: A Persian View: Juvaini, The History of the
World Conqueror, 1219
373. 11.4 A Russian View of the Mongols: The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1238
374. 11.5 Mongol Women through European Eyes: William of Rubruck, Journey to
the Land of the Mongols, ca. 1255
375. 12 The Worlds of the Fifteenth Century
376. The Shapes of Human Communities
377. Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America
378. Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois
379. Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa
380. Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe
381. Ming Dynasty China
382. Zooming In: Zheng He, China’s Non-Chinese Admiral
383. European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal
384. European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging
385. Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World
386. In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
387. Zooming In: 1453 in Constantinople
388. On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires
389. Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Americas
390. The Aztec Empire
391. The Inca Empire
392. Webs of Connection
393. A Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era, 1450–
2015
394. Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History
395. Chapter Review
396. What’s the Significance?
397. Big Picture Questions
398. Next Steps: For Further Study
399. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
400. Islam and Renaissance Europe
401. 12.1 Gentile Bellini, Portrait of Mehmed II
402. 12.2 The Venetian Ambassador Visits Damascus
403. 12.3 Aristotle and Averroes
404. 12.4 Saint George Baptizes the Pagans of Jerusalem
405. 12.5 Giovanni da Modena, Muhammad in Hell
406. Part Three AP® Exam Practice Questions
407. Part Four The Early Modern World, 1450–1750
408. The Big Picture: Debating the Character of an Era
409. An Early Modern Era?
410. A Late Agrarian Era?
411. Landmarks in World History (ca. 1450–ca. 1750)
412. Understanding AP® Themes in Part Four
413. 13 Political Transformations: Empires and Encounters, 1450–1750
414. European Empires in the Americas
415. The European Advantage
416. The Great Dying and the Little Ice Age
417. Zooming In: Doña Marina: Between Two Worlds
418. The Columbian Exchange
419. Comparing Colonial Societies in the Americas
420. In the Lands of the Aztecs and the Incas
421. Colonies of Sugar
422. Settler Colonies in North America
423. The Steppes and Siberia: The Making of a Russian Empire
424. Experiencing the Russian Empire
425. Russians and Empire
426. Asian Empires
427. Making China an Empire
428. Muslims and Hindus in the Mughal Empire
429. Muslims and Christians in the Ottoman Empire
430. Zooming In: Devshirme: The “Gathering” of Christian Boys in the Ottoman
Empire
431. Reflections: The Centrality of Context in World History
432. Chapter Review
433. What’s the Significance?
434. Big Picture Questions
435. Next Steps: For Further Study
436. Working with Evidence: Written Sources
437. State Building in the Early Modern Era
438. 13.1 The Memoirs of Emperor Jahangir: Jahangir, Memoirs, 1605–1627
439. 13.2 An Outsider’s View of the Ottoman Empire: Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq,
The Turkish Letters, 1555–1562
440. 13.3 French State Building and Louis XIV: Louis XIV, Memoirs, 1670
441. 13.4 An Outsider’s View of the Inca Empire: Pedro de Cieza de León,
Chronicles of the Incas, ca. 1550
442. 14 Economic Transformations: Commerce and Consequence, 1450–1750
443. Europeans and Asian Commerce
444. A Portuguese Empire of Commerce
445. Spain and the Philippines
446. The East India Companies
447. Asians and Asian Commerce
448. Silver and Global Commerce
449. Zooming In: Potosí, a Mountain of Silver
450. “The World Hunt”: Fur in Global Commerce
451. Commerce in People: The Atlantic Slave Trade
452. The Slave Trade in Context
453. The Slave Trade in Practice
454. Consequences: The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa
455. Zooming In: Ayuba Suleiman Diallo: To Slavery and Back
456. Reflections: Economic Globalization — Then and Now
457. Chapter Review
458. What’s the Significance?
459. Big Picture Questions
460. Next Steps: For Further Study
461. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
462. Exchange and Status in the Early Modern World
463. 14.1 Tea and Porcelain in Europe
464. 14.2 A Chocolate Party in Spain
465. 14.3 An Ottoman Coffeehouse
466. 14.4 Clothing and Status in Colonial Mexico
467. 15 Cultural Transformations: Religion and Science, 1450–1750
468. The Globalization of Christianity
469. Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation
470. Christianity Outward Bound
471. Conversion and Adaptation in Spanish America
472. Zooming In: Úrsula de Jesús, an Afro-Peruvian Slave and Christian Visionary
473. An Asian Comparison: China and the Jesuits
474. Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions
475. Expansion and Renewal in the Islamic World
476. China: New Directions in an Old Tradition
477. India: Bridging the Hindu/Muslim Divide
478. A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science
479. The Question of Origins: Why Europe?
480. Science as Cultural Revolution
481. Zooming In: Galileo and the Telescope: Reflecting on Science and Religion
482. Science and Enlightenment
483. Looking Ahead: Science in the Nineteenth Century and Beyond
484. European Science beyond the West
485. Reflections: Cultural Borrowing and Its Hazards
486. Chapter Review
487. What’s the Significance?
488. Big Picture Questions
489. Next Steps: For Further Study
490. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
491. Global Christianity in the Early Modern Era
492. 15.1 Interior of a Dutch Reformed Church
493. 15.2 Catholic Baroque, Interior of Pilgrimage Church, Mariazell, Austria
494. 15.3 Cultural Blending in Andean Christianity
495. 15.4 Making Christianity Chinese
496. 15.5 Christian Art at the Mughal Court
497. Part Four AP® Exam Practice Questions
498. Part Five The European Moment in World History, 1750–1900
499. The Big Picture: European Centrality and the Problem of Eurocentrism
500. Eurocentric Geography and History
501. Countering Eurocentrism
502. Landmarks in World History (ca. 1750–ca. 1900)
503. Understanding AP® Themes in Part Five
504. 16 Atlantic Revolutions, Global Echoes, 1750–1900
505. Atlantic Revolutions in a Global Context
506. Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
507. The North American Revolution, 1775–1787
508. The French Revolution, 1789–1815
509. The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804
510. Spanish American Revolutions, 1808–1825
511. Echoes of Revolution
512. The Abolition of Slavery
513. Zooming In: The Russian Decembrist Revolt
514. Nations and Nationalism
515. Feminist Beginnings
516. Zooming In: Kartini: Feminism and Nationalism in Java
517. Reflections: Revolutions: Pro and Con
518. Chapter Review
519. What’s the Significance?
520. Big Picture Questions
521. Next Steps: For Further Study
522. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
523. Representing the French Revolution
524. 16.1 The Patriotic Snack, Reunion of the Three Estates, August 4, 1789
525. 16.2 A Reversal of Roles: The Three Estates of Revolutionary France
526. 16.3 Revolution and Religion: “Patience, Monsignor, your turn will come.”
527. 16.4 An English Response to Revolution: “Hell Broke Loose, or, The Murder of
Louis”
528. 17 Revolutions of Industrialization, 1750–1900
529. Explaining the Industrial Revolution
530. Why Europe?
531. Why Britain?
532. The First Industrial Society
533. The British Aristocracy
534. The Middle Classes
535. The Laboring Classes
536. Social Protest
537. Zooming In: Ellen Johnston, Factory Worker and Poet
538. Europeans in Motion
539. Variations on a Theme: Industrialization in the United States and Russia
540. Zooming In: The English Luddites and Machine Breaking
541. The United States: Industrialization without Socialism
542. Russia: Industrialization and Revolution
543. The Industrial Revolution and Latin America in the Nineteenth Century
544. After Independence in Latin America
545. Facing the World Economy
546. Becoming like Europe?
547. Reflections: History and Horse Races
548. Chapter Review
549. What’s the Significance?
550. Big Picture Questions
551. Next Steps: For Further Study
552. Working with Evidence: Written Sources
553. Voices of European Socialism
554. 17.1 Socialism According to Marx: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The
Communist Manifesto, 1848
555. 17.2 Socialism without Revolution: Eduard Bernstein, Evolutionary Socialism,
1899
556. 17.3 Socialism and Women: Clara Zetkin, The German Socialist Women’s
Movement, 1909
557. 17.4 Lenin and Russian Socialism: Lenin, What Is to Be Done?, 1902
558. 18 Colonial Encounters in Asia, Africa, and Oceania, 1750–1950
559. Industry and Empire
560. A Second Wave of European Conquests
561. Under European Rule
562. Cooperation and Rebellion
563. Colonial Empires with a Difference
564. Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies
565. Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State
566. Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market
567. Economies of Wage Labor: Migration for Work
568. Women and the Colonial Economy: Examples from Africa
569. Zooming In: Wanjiku of Kenya
570. Assessing Colonial Development
571. Believing and Belonging: Identity and Cultural Change in the Colonial Era
572. Education
573. Religion
574. Zooming In: Vivekananda, a Hindu Monk in America
575. “Race” and “Tribe”
576. Reflections: Who Makes History?
577. Chapter Review
578. What’s the Significance?
579. Big Picture Questions
580. Next Steps: For Further Study
581. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
582. The Scramble for Africa
583. 18.1 Prelude to the Scramble
584. 18.2 Conquest and Competition
585. 18.3 From the Cape to Cairo
586. 18.4 British and French in North Africa
587. 19 Empires in Collision: Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia, 1800–1900
588. Reversal of Fortune: China’s Century of Crisis
589. The Crisis Within
590. Western Pressures
591. Zooming In: Lin Zexu: Confronting the Opium Trade
592. The Failure of Conservative Modernization
593. The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century
594. “The Sick Man of Europe”
595. Reform and Its Opponents
596. Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire
597. Zooming In: 1896: The Battle of Adowa
598. The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power
599. The Tokugawa Background
600. American Intrusion and the Meiji Restoration
601. Modernization Japanese-Style
602. Japan and the World
603. Reflections: Success and Failure in History
604. Chapter Review
605. What’s the Significance?
606. Big Picture Questions
607. Next Steps: For Further Study
608. Working with Evidence: Written Sources
609. Changing China
610. 19.1 Toward a Constitutional Monarchy: Kang Youwei, An Appeal to Emperor
Guangxu, 1898
611. 19.2 Education and Examination: Anonymous, Editorial on China’s
Examination System, 1898; Emperor Guangxu, Edict on Education, 1898
612. 19.3 Gender, Reform, and Revolution: Qiu Jin, Address to Two Hundred
Million Fellow Countrywomen, 1904
613. 19.4 Prescriptions for a Revolutionary China: Sun Yat-sen, The Three People’s
Principles and the Future of the Chinese People, 1906
614. Part Five AP® Exam Practice Questions
615. Part Six The Most Recent Century, 1900–present
616. The Big Picture: Since World War I: A New Period in World History?
617. Landmarks in World History (ca. 1900–present)
618. Understanding AP® Themes in Part Six
619. 20 Collapse at the Center: World War, Depression, and the Rebalancing of
Global Power, 1900–1970s
620. The First World War: European Civilization in Crisis, 1914–1918
621. An Accident Waiting to Happen
622. Legacies of the Great War
623. Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression
624. Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy, Germany, and Japan
625. The Fascist Alternative in Europe
626. Hitler and the Nazis
627. Zooming In: Etty Hillesum, Witness to the Holocaust
628. Japanese Authoritarianism
629. A Second World War, 1937–1945
630. The Road to War in Asia
631. The Road to War in Europe
632. The Outcomes of Global Conflict
633. Zooming In: Hiroshima
634. The Recovery of Europe
635. Reflections: War and Remembrance: Learning from History
636. Chapter Review
637. What’s the Significance?
638. Big Picture Questions
639. Next Steps: For Further Study
640. Working with Evidence: Written Sources
641. Ideologies of the Axis Powers
642. 20.1 Hitler on Nazism: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (My Struggle), 1925–1926
643. 20.2 The Japanese Way: Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan,
1937
644. 21 Revolution, Socialism, and Global Conflict: The Rise and Fall of World
Communism, 1917–present
645. Global Communism
646. Revolutions as a Path to Communism
647. Russia: Revolution in a Single Year
648. China: A Prolonged Revolutionary Struggle
649. Building Socialism
650. Communist Feminism
651. Socialism in the Countryside
652. Communism and Industrial Development
653. The Search for Enemies
654. East versus West: A Global Divide and a Cold War
655. Zooming In: Anna Dubova, a Russian Peasant Girl and Urban Woman
656. Military Conflict and the Cold War
657. Nuclear Standoff and Third-World Rivalry
658. Zooming In: The Cuban Revolution
659. The Cold War and the Superpowers
660. Paths to the End of Communism
661. China: Abandoning Communism and Maintaining the Party
662. The Soviet Union: The Collapse of Communism and Country
663. Reflections: To Judge or Not to Judge
664. Chapter Review
665. What’s the Significance?
666. Big Picture Questions
667. Next Steps: For Further Study
668. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
669. Poster Art in Mao’s China
670. 21.1 Smashing the Old Society
671. 21.2 Building the New Society: The People’s Commune
672. 21.3 Women, Nature, and Industrialization
673. 21.4 The Cult of Mao
674. 22 The End of Empire: The Global South on the Global Stage, 1900–present
675. Toward Freedom: Struggles for Independence
676. The End of Empire in World History
677. Explaining African and Asian Independence
678. Comparing Freedom Struggles
679. The Case of India: Ending British Rule
680. The Case of South Africa: Ending Apartheid
681. Zooming In: Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Muslim Pacifist
682. Experiments with Freedom
683. Experiments in Political Order: Party, Army, and the Fate of Democracy
684. Zooming In: Mozambique: Civil War and Reconciliation
685. Experiments in Economic Development: Changing Priorities, Varying
Outcomes
686. Experiments with Culture: The Role of Islam in Turkey and Iran
687. Reflections: History in the Middle of the Stream
688. Chapter Review
689. What’s the Significance?
690. Big Picture Questions
691. Next Steps: For Further Study
692. Working with Evidence: Written Sources
693. Contending for Islam
694. 22.1 A Secular State for an Islamic Society: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Speech
to the General Congress of the Republican Party, 1927
695. 22.2 Toward an Islamic Society: The Muslim Brotherhood, Toward the Light,
1936
696. 22.3 Progressive Islam: Kabir Helminski, Islam and Human Values, 2009
697. 22.4 Islam and Women’s Dress: Emaan, Hijab: The Beauty of Muslim Women,
2010; Saira Khan, Why I, as a British Muslim Woman, Want the Burkha Banned from
Our Streets, 2009
698. 23 Capitalism and Culture: The Acceleration of Globalization, since 1945
699. The Transformation of the World Economy
700. Reglobalization
701. Growth, Instability, and Inequality
702. Globalization and an American Empire
703. The Globalization of Liberation: Focus on Feminism
704. Feminism in the West
705. Feminism in the Global South
706. International Feminism
707. Religion and Global Modernity
708. Fundamentalism on a Global Scale
709. Creating Islamic Societies: Resistance and Renewal in the World of Islam
710. Zooming In: Barbie and Her Competitors in the Muslim World
711. Religious Alternatives to Fundamentalism
712. Experiencing the Anthropocene Era: Environment and Environmentalism
713. The Global Environment Transformed
714. Green and Global
715. Zooming In: Rachel Carson, Pioneer of Environmentalism
716. Reflections: Pondering the Past: Limitations and Possibilities
717. Chapter Review
718. What’s the Significance?
719. Big Picture Questions
720. Next Steps: For Further Study
721. Working with Evidence: Visual Sources
722. Faces of Globalization
723. 23.1 Globalization and Work
724. 23.2 Globalization and Consumerism
725. 23.3 Globalization and Protest
726. 23.4 Globalization and Social Media
727. 23.5 Globalization and Culture
728. 23.6 Globalization: One World or Many?
729. Part Six AP® Exam Practice Questions
730. Back Matter
731. Notes
732. Acknowledgments
733. Index
734. Inside Back Cover
735. Back Cover
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Sitten hän koko ajan ajatteli Roman sähkösanomaa ennenkuin
hän saapui rajalle. Hän koetti kuvitella mitä se sisältää: »Voin hyvin,
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»Facchino!»
»Signore?»
»Ei, signore.»
Kun juna taas lähti liikkeelle, oli Rossi vankina ja istui kahden
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ollut muuta kuin yksi.
»Siellä oli eräs nainen, kun tämä käsky kirjoitettiin, ja jos saan
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Rossi näki, mikä nimi oli miehen huulilla, ja heittäytyi häntä kohti
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syynä hänen vangitsemiseensa. Hän ajatteli kaikkia naisia, jotka hän
oli tuntenut lähemmin Englannissa ja Amerikassa, ja vihdoin Elenaa
ja vanhaa Francescaa. Turhaan. Ei ollut koko maailmassa muuta
kuin yksi nainen, joka tiesi hänen aikaisemman elämänsä
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Juna kiiti lukemattomien tunnelien läpi aivan kuin ilma virtaa huilun
läpi, joskus suhisten pimeässä, joskus viheltäen päivän valossa.
Rossi sulki silmänsä ollakseen näkemättä ohikulkevia, kiduttavia
maisemia, mutta hän näki heti silloin Roman. Hän näki Roman
samanlaisena kuin ennen, hänen kellahtavan ihonsa, hänen suuret,
tummat silmänsä ja kaarevat kulmakarvat, tuon viehättävän,
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häntä. Se oli tehdä hänet vallan hulluksi, ja taas hän hypähti
seisomaan ja aikoi astua käytävälle, kun karabinieeri, joka oli
torkkunut, heräsi ja sulki oven.
Yö tuli ja kuu nousi suurena ja punaisena kuin laskeva aurinko.
Kun juna kiiti Rooman Campagnalle aivan kuin vene aavalle merelle,
tuntui tuo laaja, juhlallinen aavikko olevan vielä entistä enemmän
erotettu elävän maailman näyistä ja äänistä. Rossi muisti, miten
iloisin mielin hän oli toivonut kiitävänsä tuon tutun seudun poikki.
Sitten hän loi katseensa sotamiehiin, jotka kuorsasivat paikoillaan.
»Minne, signore?»
Roma vihasi tuota miestä. Kun hän ajatteli paronin suhdetta hänen
isäänsä, kuohui hänessä katkeruus. Kun hän ajatteli paronin
suhdetta häneen itseensä, vapisi hän inhosta. Muistaessaan paronin
suhdetta Davido Rossiin hän oli tukehtua raivosta.
Hyvästi, armas! Koeta antaa minulle anteeksi niin pian kuin voit.
Minä olen sen tietävä… olenpa missä tahansa… ja se on suloista
tuntea. Sinua rakastava, erehtyvä, murtunut
Romasi.»