REMOTE SENSING

(DCG40163)

REPORT PRACTICAL 3
IMAGE CLASSIFICATION (UNSUPERVISED AND SUPERVISED)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

DIPLOMA IN GEOMATIC

NAME YUNI ALYSSA MOHD SHAFIE

CLASS DGU4A
LECTURER’S NAME PN. AYATI BINTI PARMEN @ SR FIRHAN BIN
SALIAN

1
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENT PAGE

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. OBJECTIVE 3

3. INSTRUMENTS 4

4. WORKING PROCEDURE 5-24

5. OUTPUT 25-26

6. CONCLUSION 27

7. REFERENCE 27

2
INTRODUCTION
Image classification is the process of categorizing all pixels in an image or raw remotely
sensed satellite data to obtain a given set of labels or land cover themes. Commonly applied to
classify digital images into land cover. Common methods used are Unsupervised Classification
and Supervised Classification. The major steps of image classification may include determination
of a suitable classification system, selection of training samples, image preprocessing, and feature
extraction, selection of suitable classification approaches, post-classification processing, and
accuracy assessment. The user’s need, scale of the study area, economic condition, and analyst’s
skills are important factors influencing the selection of remotely sensed data, the design of the
classification procedure, and the quality of the classification results
There are various classification approaches that have been developed and widely used to
produce land cover maps. They range in logic, from supervised to unsupervised; parametric to
nonparametric to non-metric, or hard and soft (fuzzy) classification, or per-pixel, sub-pixel, and
prefield as can be seen from the brief descriptions of these categories in Table 1. However, there
are two broad types of classification procedure and each finds application in the processing of
remote sensing images: one is referred to as supervised classification and the other one is
unsupervised classification. These can be used as alternative approaches, but are often combined
into hybrid methodologies using more than one method
(Richards, Jia 2006)

OBJECTIVE
 To understand and perform supervised classification on two different images.
 To able Collect Training Samples and Perform Supervised Classification
 To understand and perform unsupervised classification on two different images.
 To Generate Thematic Raster Layer
 To analyze individual classes of the image.
 To do recode images based on their classifications.
 To execute two different categories of unsupervised image classification

3
INSTRUMENTS

INSTRUMENTS FUNCTION

1 ERDAS IMAGINE

To process the image

2 LAPTOP

To install the software

3 IMAGE

To perform image classification

4
WORKING PROCEDURE
a) UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFIACTION

1. Firstly, open Erdas Imagine then open raster layer to insert image that has been corrected.

2. Then click Raster > Unsupervised > Unsupervised Classification.

5
3. Save the output as unsupervised. Set the class at 15 and set the maximum iterations at 6.
Click OK.

4. Wait until it finish processing (the bar turn into fully green) then click close.

6
5. Click Add views > display two views. Then insert the unsupervised image before.

6. Right click on the unsupervised image then click display attribute table.

7
7. It will come out like this.

8. Open Iplan and search the location that match the Johor image given.

8
9. Label the class.

10. Click Raster > Supervised > Accuracy Assessment to assess a classified picture file's
correctness using values and locations of known grown truth.

9
11. Click file then choose the unsupervised image. Click OK.

12. Click Edit > Create/Add Random Points.

10
13. Insert the number of points by the number 40. Then click OK.

14. Click Edit > Show Class Value.

11
15. The class value will come out like this.

16. Click View > Select Viewer. Click the image on the right.

12
17. Click View > Show All. The point will be shown on the unsupervised image.

18. Click the arrow on Classes > Edit > Copy.

13
19. Click Reference > Edit > Paste.

20. Click View > Select Viewer. Click the image on the left.

14
21. Click show all.

22. On the right image, click right > Inquire.

15
23. Click Home > Link Views

24. Check all the IDs value. Then open Accuracy Assessment > Report > Accuracy Report.

16
25. Make sure the accuracy is 100%.

26. Click Thematic > Statistical Filtering. Then for the window size, choose 5x5.

17
SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION

1) Open Erdas Imagine > Raster layer. Insert image that has been corrected.

2) Click Raster > Supervised > Signature editor.

18
3) Click Drawing and choose polygon.

4) Draw the polygon on any surface of that image then click Create New Signature(s) from
AOI.

19
5) Create at least 5 polygons with the same type of surface (eg: Sea, Urban).

6) Select all the signatures then click on Merge Selected Singnatures.

20
7) Then delete all the selected signatures. Repeat step 3-7 for the other signatures (eg: Urban,
open space (kawasan lapang) and roads).

8) Click file > save as. Save the file name as signature supervised

21
9) Click Raster > Supervised Classification.

10) Insert the previous signature file at Insert Signature File and save classified file as
supervised image.

22
11) Wait until it finish processing (the bar turn into fully green) then click close.

12) Clear view then open raster layer to insert the corrected image. Click add views > Display
Two Views. On the right display, open raster layer then insert the supervised image.

23
13) Right click on supervised image > Display Attribute table. The colour of the signature can
be changed.

24
OUTPUT

UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION

25
SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION

26
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, image classification in remote sensing plays a pivotal role in extracting

valuable In conclusion, the application of image classification techniques, both supervised and
unsupervised, in remote sensing brings significant advantages for extracting valuable insights from
vast amounts of Earth observation data. Each approach has its own strengths and limitations, and
the choice between supervised and unsupervised methods often depends on the specific goals and
characteristics of the remote sensing task.
The choice between supervised and unsupervised image classification in remote sensing
depends on the specific requirements of the task at hand. Supervised methods offer precision and
accuracy, making them suitable for well-defined classification tasks, while unsupervised methods
are more exploratory, providing insights into the inherent patterns within the data. The ongoing
advancements in machine learning and remote sensing technologies are likely to further enhance
the capabilities of both approaches, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of our
changing environment

REFERENCE
i. Richards, Jia (2006). Image Classification in Remote Sensing,
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234663192.pdf

27