AGRA, SARINA BERNADETTE D.

2011 BSHTM-HRRM 3 HISTORY OF BAKING: EARLIER TIMES -discovery of fire making - followed the discovery of different grasses and their seeds which could be prepared for nourishment. - With the help of heat and grain, one was now able to prepare a kind of broth. - Hot stones were covered with this broth or the broth was roasted on embers and the first unsoured flat bread was created.

24 November 11:30-1:30 TH D822

EGYPTIANS: -2600-2100 B.C. bread was baked by Egyptians -learned skills from Babylonians -breads shaped as animals for sacrifices

-Engravings on a tomb-stone of a Roman baker, dating back to the first century A.D., show the different stages in the production of bread at that time. - Clearly visible in a picture taken in Rome, an excavated bakery in Pompeii, is the bread oven with its chimney and in the foreground the remains of two grain-mills.

GREEKS: -Aristophanes 450-385 B.C, show the existence of honey flans and patterned tortes. - Ancient Greeks also had a type of doughnut made from crude flour - and honey called Dispyrus a ring-cake that was submerged in wine and consumed hot.

EUROPE: -From the Roman Empire, the art of pastry-cooking gradually spread throughout Europe and the world. - Dutchman, Rembrandt, created a sketch in 1635 showing a pancake cook in the streets, surrounded by children eagerly waiting and hoping for a sample. - Portrayed on a sketch is a gingerbread merchant selling his wares in one of the better streets in London. - He uses a hand-cart as a shop on wheels, in contrast to the rather primitive shops of the ordinary merchants.

MODERN AGE: - Bakery products are in great demand - Readymade breads, slices, pizza and patties were introduced. - Modern day baking is mostly dependent on machines. - high-tech machines have made the baking process easier, efficient, and they produce products with more quality.

ROMAN EMPIRE: - Greek culture influenced the Roman Empire -. . During the fourth century A.D., evidence also emerges of the first pastry-cooks association or pastillarium - The sweet art of pastry-cooking emerged as a highly respected profession. - Time of Christ around three hundred independent bakers existed in Rome. - Cato (234-148 B.C.) names a great many different kinds of bread, sacrificial cakes libum, cakes made with flour, groats.