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MSC: Applying
5. Barry and Candace are disagreeing. Barry states that psychology is the study of the mind. Candace
believes that psychology is the science of behavior. Given your knowledge of psychology, how
would you resolve this argument?
A. Barry is correct. Psychology only studies the mind.
B. Candace is correct. Psychology only studies behavior.
C. Both are correct. Psychology studies both the mind and behavior.
D. Both are incorrect. Psychology only studies emotions.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology
MSC: Understanding
6. Allanah is a psychology major. Which of the following best describes what Allanah will learn
about?
A. the structure and function of the brain
B. mental disorders and their treatments
C. feelings and other subjective states
D. the mind, the brain, and behavior
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
MSC: Understanding
7. For much of its history, psychologists focused mostly on:

A. the brain. C. behaviors.
B. disorders. D. the mind.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
MSC: Remembering
8. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the mind?

A. Dr. Chu, who studies how weather influences children’s actions on the playground
B. Dr. Well, who studies neural activity during sleep cycles of elderly adults
C. Dr. Mann, who studies the accuracy of traumatic memories over time
D. Dr. East, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
OBJ: 1.1A
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
MSC: Applying
9. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the brain?

A. Dr. Fields, who studies the purchasing habits of impulsive individuals
B. Dr. Joe, who studies how neural activity changes as newborn babies develop
C. Dr. Perez, who studies how our feelings can influence our thought processes
D. Dr. Ladd, who studies the training activities of professional athletes
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
OBJ: 1.1A
MSC: Applying
10. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying behavior?
A. Dr. Wick, who studies how certain smells can trigger certain feelings
B. Dr. Woods, who studies patterns of neural activity related to drug use
C. Dr. Paul, who studies the thought processes involved in decision making
D. Dr. Hull, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
OBJ: 1.1A
MSC: Applying
11. According to your text, amiable skepticism is an important element in a type of reasoning called:
A. scholarly inquiry. C. analytic argumentation.
B. nay-sayerism. D. critical thinking.
ANS: D DIF: Easy
REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Remembering
12. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good consumer of scientific research?

A. open to new ideas C. wary of scientific findings
B. carefully considers the facts D. all of the above
ANS: D DIF: Easy
13. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that:

A. is systematic and reasonable.
B. is open-minded and creative.
C. criticizes others’ opinions.
D. uses inferences but does not solve problems.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate
14. Which of the following is an example of using critical thinking and scientific reasoning?
A. believing that sugar causes ADHD because you feel hyper after eating a candy bar
B. concluding that listening to Mozart improves learning in children after reading an article
about this topic in a popular magazine
C. using a personal example to show how a psychological principle must be wrong
D. conducting research to investigate the effectiveness of left brain/right brain games in
improving memory
ANS: D DIF: Moderate
Thinking MSC: Applying
15. Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research?

A. Researchers deliberately lie about their research findings.
B. There might be significant limitations to the research findings.
C. Research findings are rarely influenced by political and personal agendas.
D. There is always a single clear explanation and the researchers may not have found it.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate
16. Which of the following is an important goal of your psychology textbook?

A. to teach you how to be a therapist by using methods of psychology
B. to provide you with an education about the methods of psychological science
C. to help you define normal versus abnormal behavior so you can recognize mental illness
D. to help you predict how people will interact in novel situations
ANS: B DIF: Easy
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
17. The difference between using critical thinking explanations and everyday explanations for
psychological phenomena is that:
A. critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions.
B. everyday explanations rely on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions.
C. critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making
conclusions.
D. everyday explanations rely on personal examples and scientific evidence for making
conclusions.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
18. Taj is writing a paper on global warming. He only includes research findings that support his own
beliefs about global warming because he thinks that all the contradictory findings must be the
result of flawed research. This is an example of:
A. misunderstanding or not using statistics.
B. hindsight bias.
C. a failure to accurately judge source credibility.
D. the confirmation bias.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
OBJ: 1.1C
19. You are asked to write a newspaper article on a controversial political topic and you want to make
sure you are not influenced by the confirmation bias. Which of the following should you do in
order to avoid the confirmation bias?
A. focus mainly on evidence that you find on your favorite news website
B. place equal importance on evidence that supports and contradicts your own beliefs
C. focus mainly on evidence that supports your own beliefs, since it is the most accurate
research
D. place equal importance on evidence you find online and in textbooks
OBJ: 1.1C
20. Which of the following is one factor that contributes to the confirmation bias?
A. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is
negative
B. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is
positive
C. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that supports our
existing beliefs
D. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that goes against
our existing beliefs
ANS: C DIF: Moderate
OBJ: 1.1C
Thinking MSC: Understanding
21. A drug company wants to create an advertisement for a new antidepressant drug. Using your
knowledge of source credibility, which of the following advertisements would be most persuasive?
A. an ad that features a celebrity on the set of his or her new pirate movie
B. an ad that features an actor portraying a doctor
C. an ad that features the CEO of the drug company
D. an ad that features a famous person who has struggled with depression
ANS: B DIF: Difficult
OBJ: 1.1C
22. A drug company is creating a commercial for a new heart medication. Since the evidence for this
drug is weak, they focus on the expertise of the drug company instead of the research findings.
This strategy is known as:
A. taking mental shortcuts. C. appeals to authority.
B. the hindsight bias. D. the confirmation bias.
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.1C
23. Which of the following is NOT a reason why errors and biases occur in our thinking processes?
A. People are motivated to use their intelligence.
B. People want to make sense of events that happen around them.
C. The human brain is highly efficient at finding patterns between things.
D. The human brain is highly efficient at processing multiple streams of information.
OBJ: 1.1C
24. Which of the following is NOT one of the major biases in thinking described in your text?
A. misunderstanding or not using statistics
B. seeing relationships that do not exist
C. failing to accurately judge source credibility
D. ignoring other people’s perspectives
ANS: D DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.1C
25. Which of the following is an example of the “seeing relationships that do not exist” bias in
thinking described in your text?
A. Abby thinks she is an above-average dancer, an above-average singer, and an above-
average student, even though everyone else thinks she is just average.
B. Tony underestimates the likelihood of bicycle accidents because he cannot easily recall
one that happened recently.
C. Tim thinks that he must eat pizza right before class if he wants to do well on his exam.
D. Ziva believes that she is more likely to make her next shot, because she has made the last
three in a row.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult
OBJ: 1.1C
26. Which of the following is an example of the “misunderstanding or not using statistics” bias in
thinking described in your text?
A. Matt thinks he did well in psychology because he is intelligent, but failed chemistry
because his teacher was incompetent.
B. Meredith overestimates the likelihood of airplane accidents because she can easily recall
one that happened recently.
C. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game.
D. John believes that a coin that has landed on heads three times in a row is more likely to be
heads the next time it is flipped.
OBJ: 1.1C
27. Which of the following is an example of the “taking mental shortcuts” bias in thinking described in
your text?
A. Jack thinks he got an A on his essay because he is a great writer, but got a D on his
communications project because the instructions were too confusing.
B. Rose overestimates how often cruise ships sink because she can vividly remember the
sinking of the Titanic.
C. Wade believes that he will be funnier on stage if he eats fried chicken before he goes on
stage to perform.
D. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game.
OBJ: 1.1C
28. Which of the following is a correct explanation for why the hindsight bias exists?
A. Once we know the outcome, we pretend we knew it was going to happen to make
ourselves feel better.
B. Once we know the outcome, we reinterpret old evidence to make sense of that outcome.
C. Before we know the outcome, we ignore evidence that contradicts what we believe.
D. Before we know the outcome, we have too much evidence to consider to make an accurate
prediction.
OBJ: 1.1C
29. On his way to the basketball game, Tom says he cannot predict who will win. After his team wins
the game, Tom says he knew they were going to win because their defense always plays well
together. This is an example of:
A. taking mental shortcuts. C. the self-serving bias.
B. the hindsight bias. D. the confirmation bias.
OBJ: 1.1C
30. Which of the following is a benefit of using heuristics and mental shortcuts?
A. They can lead to reasonably good decisions without too much effort.
B. They can lead to better decisions compared to effortful decision-making strategies.
C. They can lead to poor decisions but are very easy to use.
D. They can lead to poor decisions, but we outgrow them as we get older.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.1C
31. Isaac is trying to decide how often shark attacks happen. He quickly remembers all the shark attack
shows he saw on television last week, so he decides that they must be common. Isaac’s
overestimation of the rate of shark attacks is an example of:
A. the hindsight bias.
B. taking mental shortcuts.
C. the self-serving bias.
D. failing to accurately judge source credibility.
OBJ: 1.1C
32. A recent survey found that 80 percent of high school students believed that they were above
average on reading, writing, and math skills. Given that only 50 percent can be above average on
any dimension, this is an example of the ________ bias.
A. hindsight C. confirmation
B. self-serving D. egocentric
OBJ: 1.1C
33. When Brent wins his track race, he says he won because of his athletic skills and hard work. When
Brent loses his next race, he says he lost because the track was slippery and he lost his balance.
This is an example of the ________ bias.
A. confirmation C. egocentric
B. hindsight D. self-serving
OBJ: 1.1C
34. Kaley has a big presentation at work. Afterward, her boss tells her she did a terrible job and fires
her immediately. Given what you know about the self-serving bias, how will Kaley explain this
situation?
A. I did poorly on this presentation because I am stupid.
B. I did poorly on this presentation because the topic was confusing and my boss did not give
me enough time to complete it.
C. I did well on this presentation because I am a good public speaker and I am smart.
D. I did well on this presentation because it was easy and my boss did most of the work.
OBJ: 1.1C
35. According to your text, the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius emphasized each of the
following psychological topics EXCEPT:
A. human development. C. intelligence.
B. interpersonal relations. D. education.
ANS: C DIF: Easy
REF: 1.2 What Are the Scientific Foundations of Psychology? OBJ: 1.2A
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Analyzing
36. Yuko remarks that she is interested in child development and educational psychology. Based on
your text’s discussion, Yuko’s interests echo the:
A. emphases of Confucius. C. thoughts of Greek scholars.
B. writings of da Vinci. D. writings of early Muslim thinkers.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding
37. Psychology developed into a discipline in:

A. ancient China.
B. nineteenth-century Europe.
C. classical Greece.
D. colonial America, in the eighteenth century.
ANS: B DIF: Easy
38. Your text traces the nature/nurture debate back to:

A. the Chinese philosopher Confucius.
B. the ancient Egyptians.
C. Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle.
D. the Renaissance philosopher Descartes.
ANS: C DIF: Easy
REF: 1.2 The Nature/Nurture Debate Has a Long History OBJ: 1.2B
39. The nature in the nature/nurture debate refers to either ________ factors affecting human
psychological development.
A. biological or behavioral C. biological or environmental
B. behavioral or environmental D. formal or natural
ANS: C DIF: Easy
40. According to the nature/nurture debate, nature states that individual psychological characteristics
are a result of:
A. education. C. experiences.
B. biological influences. D. culture.
ANS: B DIF: Easy
41. With respect to the nature/nurture debate, psychological scientists now believe that:
A. nature is the most important factor in understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior.
B. the mind, the brain, and behavior are largely a matter of nurture.
C. both nature and nurture are important in understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior.
D. the issue is largely irrelevant to understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior.
ANS: C DIF: Easy
42. A little boy is running around a grocery store, screaming, yelling, and throwing cans. His parents
cannot control him. A strict nurture-only theorist might say:
A. “His parents must have been really active when they were children.”
B. “He cannot help that he was born wild.”
C. “Even if he was born wild, his parents should be able to control him.”
D. “Boys evolved to act this way when they are young.”
43. Your friend gets in a traumatic car accident and the doctors are worried that she may develop
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, your friend seems to be coping well and is not
showing any PTSD symptoms. How would a strict nature-only theorist explain this situation?
A. Your friend inherited a genetic resilience against stressors that can lead to PTSD.
B. Your friend must have a good support network that prevented her from developing PTSD.
C. Your friend inherited a genetic predisposition to PTSD.
D. Your friend needs a better support network if she wants to avoid developing PTSD.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult
44. Over history, people have viewed the mind as being located in each of the following parts of the
body EXCEPT the:
A. brain. C. heart.
B. liver. D. sexual organs.
ANS: D DIF: Easy
REF: 1.2 The Mind/Body Problem Also Has Ancient Roots OBJ: 1.2B
45. Dualism is the idea that:

A. the mind and the brain are separate entities.
B. the mind and the brain are the same entity.
C. the mind and the brain are opposing forces.
D. there is no mind, just the brain.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
46. Which of the following philosophers is most noted for promoting dualism as an explanation of the
mind/body problem?
A. René Descartes C. Hippocrates
B. Leonardo da Vinci D. Sigmund Freud
ANS: A DIF: Easy
47. The idea that the mind and body are separate but intertwined describes the viewpoint of:
A. dualism. C. introspection.
B. structuralism. D. none of the above.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
48. For most of human history, Western scholars believed that the mind and body were separate and
that humans were unique among the animals because humans:
A. possessed a soul.
B. controlled other animals.
C. were mortal.
D. had a mind and body that interacted for a divine purpose.
49. With respect to the mind/body problem, which of the following alternatives best captures the view
of dualism held by contemporary psychological scientists?
A. Most psychological scientists reject dualism.
B. Most psychological scientists accept dualism.
C. While many psychological scientists reject dualism, a growing minority promote a return
to dualism.
D. While many psychological scientists accept dualism, a growing minority reject the view.
50. Who first proposed that psychology should be a science of observation and experimentation in
order to discover the laws of the mind?
A. René Descartes C. John Stuart Mill
B. John Locke D. Hermann von Helmholtz
ANS: C DIF: Easy
REF: 1.2 Experimental Psychology Began with Introspection OBJ: 1.2C
51. Which of the following changes did John Stuart Mill advocate for the field of psychology?
A. to move from the study of the mind to the study of the body
B. to move from the study of the body to the study of the mind
C. to move from speculation to observation and experimentation
D. to move from experimentation and observation to speculation
ANS: C DIF: Easy
52. In which city did Wilhelm Wundt open the first psychological laboratory?
A. Vienna, Austria C. Oxford, England
B. Leipzig, Germany D. Krakow, Poland
ANS: B DIF: Easy
53. A procedure in which an observer describes the simple elements of a mental experience in as much
detail as possible is called:
A. introspection. C. introjection.
B. internal perception. D. internal sensation.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
54. Dave walks into his dorm and finds his roommate Pete concentrating and staring at an apple. When
he questions what he is doing, Pete tells Dave he is trying to describe the apple’s quality and
intensity. Pete is using what technique?
A. stream of consciousness C. introspection
B. functionalism D. internal review
REF: 1.2 Introspection and Other Methods Led to Structuralism
OBJ: 1.2C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology
MSC: Applying
55. Your friend hands you a teddy bear and asks you to describe your sensations and feelings
connected to the teddy bear. In this example, you are engaging in:
A. psychoanalysis. C. introspection.
B. functionalism. D. free association.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying
56. Jordan studies consciousness by training himself to objectively report on his own sensations,
which is similar to how the ________ school investigated psychology.
A. structuralist C. psychodynamic
B. functionalist D. behaviorist
MSC: Applying
57. Which early school of psychology used introspection to study subjective mental experiences?
A. functionalism C. cognitive
B. behavioral D. structuralism
ANS: D DIF: Easy
MSC: Remembering
58. If you were asked to list all the thoughts and experiences you have while answering a test question,
the technique used would be:
A. inspection. C. abstraction.
B. conscription. D. introspection.
59. Lassandra takes a sip of cola. “Sweet . . . cold, wet, tingly . . . slightly bitter,” she reports.
Lassandra is engaging in:
A. functionalism. C. psychoanalysis.
B. free association. D. introspection.
60. The early school of structuralism was introduced by:

A. Edward Titchener. C. Wilhelm Wundt.
B. William James. D. Mary Whiton Calkins.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
MSC: Remembering
61. Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the school of structuralism?
A. Sigmund Freud C. Edward Titchener
B. B.F. Skinner D. William James
ANS: C DIF: Easy
MSC: Remembering
62. According to the structuralists, the goal of psychology is to:

A. uncover the unconscious determinants of behavior.
B. focus on observable behavior itself.
C. identify the elements of conscious experience.
D. identify the purposes of our behavior and mental processes.
MSC: Remembering
63. Dr. Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to isolate the fundamental attributes of mental
experience. Dr. Leleux appears most sympathetic to the ________ school of thought in
psychology.
A. structuralist C. functionalist
B. behaviorist D. Gestalt
MSC: Understanding
64. Mary and Brian see a machine on the television program American Inventor. Mary wants to know
what parts make up the machine, but Brian wants to know its purpose. Mary’s approach is most
similar to the ________ school of psychology, while Brian’s approach is most similar to the
________ school of psychology.
A. structuralist; functionalist C. Gestalt; psychoanalytic
B. functionalist; structuralist D. psychoanalytic; Gestalt
REF: 1.2 Functionalism Addressed the Purpose of Behavior OBJ: 1.2C
65. The fact that a variety of thoughts come to mind even as you are engaged in the activity of taking
this exam exemplifies psychologist William James’s concept of:
A. sea of ideas. C. river of thoughts.
B. ports of call. D. stream of consciousness.
ANS: D DIF: Easy
66. Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the school of functionalism?
A. Sigmund Freud C. Wilhelm Wundt
ANS: D DIF: Easy
67. With respect to the psychology of emotion, William James would be most interested in:
A. the contribution of unconscious memories to one’s emotional experience.
B. the basic nature of an emotional feeling or experience.
C. how emotions aid one’s adaptation to the environment.
D. one’s subjective interpretation of one’s emotions.
ANS: C DIF: Easy
68. Functionalism has been criticized because it:

A. does not include elements of the nature/nurture debate.
B. sometimes lacks scientific rigor.
C. focuses on narrow parts of problems rather than on the whole.
D. does not take into account the way children process information.
69. Functionalism has influenced each of the following pursuits EXCEPT:

A. determining the function of religion.
B. developing better ways of applying divergent thinking and creativity in the classroom.
C. determining teaching methods based on how children’s minds process information.
D. developing reward and punishment programs and token economies.
70. Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species had its strongest influence on the ________ school of
thought in psychology.
A. functionalist C. structuralist
B. humanistic D. psychoanalytic
ANS: A DIF: Easy
71. According to the concept of survival of the fittest:

A. random mutations are always adaptive.
B. only the biggest animals will survive.
C. organisms that are most adaptive to their environments are most likely to survive.
D. organisms that can spontaneously mutate their genes in response to the environment are
most likely to survive.
ANS: C DIF: Easy
72. Paul researches how cooperation in humans increases our ability to survive and successfully raise
children. Paul uses a(n) ________ approach in his research.
A. structuralist C. evolutionary
B. functionalist D. cognitive
73. Lucinda is afraid of dogs. Her psychologist, Dr. Lee, believes her fear is part of an adaptive
response that has helped our species survive. Which psychological approach does Dr. Lee follow?
A. psycholanalysis C. social
B. behaviorism D. evolutionary
74. Will believes that most modern men prefer young and healthy female partners because this
preference increases the likelihood of the survival of our genetic ancestors. Which psychological
approach does Will believe?
A. social C. functionalist
B. evolutionary D. cognitive
75. The idea that the mind came into existence over the course of human evolution is the viewpoint of:
A. structuralism. C. behaviorism.
B. functionalism. D. none of the above.
ANS: B DIF: Easy
76. Gestalt psychology is best seen as a reaction against the ________ approach.
A. functionalist C. psychoanalytic
B. humanistic D. structuralist
REF: 1.2 Gestalt Psychology Emphasized Patterns and Context in Learning
MSC: Remembering
77. Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the Gestalt school of
thought?
A. Sigmund Freud C. Wolfgang Köhler
ANS: C DIF: Easy
MSC: Remembering
78. The school of Gestalt:

A. is based on the idea that the whole is different than the sum of its parts.
B. includes the role of environment on behavior.
C. examines how social situations influence behavior.
D. is based on scientifically researched forms of therapy.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
MSC: Remembering
79. Gestalt psychology is LEAST relevant to our understanding of which of the following topics?
A. subjective experience C. visual perception
B. human personality D. cellular neuroscience
MSC: Understanding
80. Marty is an artist. He does not like when people talk about the separate parts of his pictures
because he believes that looking at the complete picture is most important. Marty’s opinion is
similar to the ________ approach.
A. structuralist C. Gestalt
B. behaviorist D. psychoanalytic
MSC: Applying
81. Roberto studies music preferences. Roberto claims that it is useless to isolate and listen to only a
rhythm, a violin part, or another single aspect of music because perceiving the complete piece is
most important. Roberto’s opinion is similar to the ________ approach.
A. structuralist C. behaviorist
B. Gestalt D. psychoanalytic
MSC: Applying
82. Which of the following types of evidence provided the foundation for Freudian theory?
A. survey responses of large samples of adults
B. observations of adults in everyday contexts
C. case studies of patients in therapy
D. laboratory studies of animal behavior
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Freud Emphasized Unconscious Conflicts
MSC: Remembering
83. Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the concept of the
unconscious?
A. Sigmund Freud C. Wilhelm Wundt
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Freud Emphasized Unconscious Conflicts
MSC: Remembering
84. The unconscious mind influences human behavior, according to:

A. structuralism. C. functionalism.
B. psychoanalysis. D. behaviorism.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Freud Emphasized Unconscious Conflicts
MSC: Remembering
85. Noreen asserts that our behavior often reflects unconscious motives and conflicts. This viewpoint
is most consistent with the ________ approach in psychology.
A. Freudian C. Gestalt
B. structuralist D. behaviorist
MSC: Understanding
86. The theories of Sigmund Freud and his followers:

A. are based on the idea that much of human behavior is determined by mental processes
operating below the level of conscious awareness.
B. emphasize the functions served by the mind.
C. emphasize the concept that the whole is different than the sum of its parts.
D. state that behavior can be altered by the application of reinforcement and punishment.
MSC: Remembering
87. Psychoanalysis is a type of psychological treatment developed by ________, a Viennese
neurologist.
A. Wilhelm Wundt C. Wolfgang Köhler
B. Sigmund Freud D. Edward Titchener
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Freud Emphasized Unconscious Conflicts
MSC: Remembering
88. “Why am I so depressed?” asked Phia. “Obviously,” said Dr. Fox, “you have inner, unconscious
turmoil that we need to explore.” Dr. Fox takes a(n) ________ approach to psychology.
A. evolutionary C. functionalist
B. psychoanalytic D. Gestalt
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Freud Emphasized Unconscious Conflicts
MSC: Applying
89. Mandy is talking about her problems on a radio talk show. The host explains that these problems
came about because of Mandy’s unconscious internal struggles. This explanation is consistent with
the ________ approach in psychology.
A. behaviorist C. evolutionary
B. structuralist D. psychoanalytic
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Freud Emphasized Unconscious Conflicts
MSC: Applying
90. The psychological approach that emphasizes the role of the environment in influencing behavior
is:
A. behaviorism. C. psychoanalytic.
B. humanism. D. none of the above.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Behaviorism Studied Environmental Forces
MSC: Remembering
91. Who would be most likely to agree with the statement, “Psychologists should study that which is
observable”?
A. a cognitive psychologist
B. a behavioral psychologist
C. a developmental psychologist
D. an industrial/organizational psychologist
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Behaviorism Studied Environmental Forces
OBJ: 1.2C
MSC: Analyzing
92. “I think therefore I behave”—a version of Descartes’s statement “I think therefore I am”—
indicates the importance of ________ on behavior and would not be agreed with by a behaviorist.
A. reflexes C. environment
B. mental functions D. the unconscious
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Behaviorism Studied Environmental Forces
MSC: Understanding
93. Which of the following is NOT one of the questions behaviorism has attempted to answer?
A. Which is more important, nature or nurture?
B. Does environment influence behavior?
C. How can rewards and punishments influence behavior?
D. How can the unconscious be described by neuroscience?
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Behaviorism Studied Environmental Forces
MSC: Analyzing
94. Which psychologist would be most dismayed by the emphasis on mental processes in modern
psychology?
A. Sigmund Freud C. Edward Titchener
B. Wilhelm Wundt D. John Watson
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 Behaviorism Studied Environmental Forces
MSC: Understanding
95. Damon thinks that it is impossible to study the experience of consciousness. Instead, he believes
psychologists should focus only on the actions people take and why they take them. Damon
believes in the ________ approach to psychology.
A. structuralist C. evolutionary
B. behaviorist D. psychoanalytic
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Behaviorism Studied Environmental Forces
MSC: Understanding
96. In which order did the behaviorists discussed in your text make their most important contributions
to the field, from the earliest to the most recent?
A. Watson, Pavlov, Skinner C. Pavlov, Skinner, Watson
B. Pavlov, Watson, Skinner D. Skinner, Watson, Pavlov
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 Behaviorism Studied Environmental Forces
MSC: Understanding
97. Leyna conducts research with puppies to determine if punishing them for inappropriate behavior
will be more effective than rewarding them for appropriate behavior. In this example, Leyna is
using a(n) ________ approach in her research.
A. functionalist C. behaviorist
B. structuralist D. psychoanalytic
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Behaviorism Studied Environmental Forces
MSC: Applying
98. Information processing views the brain as ________ and the mind as ________.
A. a program; a data port C. hardware; software
B. structure; function D. a program; input
ANS: C DIF: Easy
REF: 1.2 Cognitive Approaches Emphasized Mental Activity OBJ: 1.2C
99. Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the cognitive revolution?
A. George Miller C. Sigmund Freud
100. Which of the following developments was most important in the rise of the cognitive approach in
psychology?
A. the identification of the unconscious
B. the understanding of the effects of reward and punishment on behavior and thinking
C. the emergence of computers
D. the ability to identify different kinds of neurons
101. Which area of psychology studies how the mind processes, stores, and retrieves information?
A. cognitive C. behaviorism
B. structuralism D. functionalism
ANS: A DIF: Easy
102. Recall your text’s discussion of the cognitive approach in psychology. During which decade did
cognitive neuroscience become an influential field in cognitive psychology?
A. the 1960s C. the 1990s
B. the 1970s D. the 2000s
103. Which of the following statements best captures historical trends in the cognitive approach in
psychology?
A. In the 1970s, cognitive psychology emphasized the mind; today, it focuses mostly on
behavior.
B. In the 1970s, cognitive psychology emphasized the mind; today, it focuses mainly on the
brain.
C. In the 1970s, cognitive psychology emphasized the brain; today, it focuses on the mind
along with the brain.
D. In the 1970s, cognitive psychology emphasized the mind; today, it focuses on both the
mind and the brain.
104. Which of the following phenomena would likely be studied by social psychologists?
A. strategies leaders use to influence other people’s behaviors
B. how animals differ in their sensitivities to reward and punishment
C. which category of perceptual images is most likely to be identified quickly
D. which neurons are activated when people look at different shapes
REF: 1.2 Social Psychology Studies How Situations Shape Behavior
OBJ: 1.2C
MSC: Applying
105. Which of the following psychologists are most closely associated with social psychology?
A. Watson and Skinner C. Freud and Jung
B. Allport and Lewin D. Titchener and Wundt
MSC: Remembering
106. With respect to the historical development of the field of social psychology, which of the following
statements is most accurate?
A. Social psychology clearly reflects the continuing influence of the psychodynamic
approach.
B. Social psychology initially reflected the influence of the cognitive perspective; today,
though, the field is heavily behavioristic.
C. Social psychology initially reflected the influence of the psychodynamic perspective;
today, though, the field is more cognitive in orientation.
D. Social psychology has always reflected the impact of the Gestalt psychologists.
MSC: Understanding
107. Dr. Nick studies how the color and lighting in a room can influence how people interact with each
other during a conversation. Which approach is Dr. Nick using in his research?
A. cognitive C. personality
B. social D. cognitive neuroscience
MSC: Applying
108. Which of the following psychologists are most closely associated with humanistic psychology?
A. Watson and Skinner C. Freud and Jung
B. Allport and Lewin D. Rogers and Maslow
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Science Informs Psychological Treatments
MSC: Remembering
109. Humanism, championed by Maslow and Rogers, changed therapy by:

A. developing new techniques for questioning and listening to patients.
B. giving rise to greater use of imagery in therapy.
C. examining illogical cognitive processes.
D. using drug therapies to lessen symptoms.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Science Informs Psychological Treatments
MSC: Remembering
110. Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the development of psychological
therapy?
A. In the last four decades, a scientific approach to the treatment of psychological disorders
has emerged.
B. The scientific approach to the treatment of psychological disorders has mirrored general
advances in psychological science.
C. Most modern psychological therapies were developed using the scientific approach.
D. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were the first to emphasize the use of the scientific
approach.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 Science Informs Psychological Treatments
MSC: Understanding
111. Which of the following statements best captures the view of contemporary psychological science
with respect to the origin of behavioral and mental disorders?
A. Psychological disorders are best understood from an environmental— nurture—
perspective.
B. Psychological disorders are best understood from a biological—nature—perspective.
C. Psychological disorders are best understood as resulting from the inseparable interaction
of nature and nurture.
D. Psychological disorders were originally thought to be caused entirely by biological factors
but are now known to largely reflect environmental factors.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 Science Informs Psychological Treatments
OBJ: 1.2C
112. Which of the following areas has played a role in better understanding the biology of psychology?
A. advances in brain chemistry
B. advances in neuroscience
C. advances in understanding the human genome
D. all of the above
ANS: D DIF: Easy
REF: 1.3 Biology Is Increasingly Emphasized in Explaining Psychological Phenomena
MSC: Remembering
113. The area of science that focuses on studying the working brain is called:
A. psychological science. C. psychobiological science.
B. biological science. D. neuroscience.
ANS: D DIF: Easy
MSC: Remembering
114. Your text reviews three general developments in biology that have helped fuel the development of
psychological science. Which of the following is NOT among these developments?
A. developments in the understanding of brain chemistry
B. mapping the human genome
C. evolutionary evidence that proves that the mind developed from the brain
D. brain scan methods that allow scientists to watch a working brain
MSC: Analyzing
115. A genome is a:
A. genetic blueprint. C. mythical creature.
B. sex chromosome. D. component of DNA.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
MSC: Remembering
116. According to ________ theory, the brain has adapted over millions of years to solve problems
related to survival and reproduction.
A. adaptational C. the nature/nurture
B. evolutionary D. the neurochemical
ANS: B DIF: Easy
REF: 1.3 Evolutionary Thinking Is Increasingly Influential OBJ: 1.3A
117. Which of the following is NOT an example of a question scientists might ask regarding
evolutionary adaptations in humans?
A. Why do people like sweets and foods high in fat?
B. Why do young children develop a fear of heights, as shown in visual cliff studies?
C. How has walking upright increased human survival?
D. Can you learn to adapt your note-taking style from a lecture to small-group discussion
classes?
REF: 1.3 Evolutionary Thinking Is Increasingly Influential OBJ: 1.3A
118. Relative to human biological evolution, cultural evolution has occurred:

A. much slower. C. much faster.
B. at about the same speed. D. There is no way to know.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Culture Provides Adaptive Solutions
MSC: Remembering
119. Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between cultural evolution and
biological evolution?
A. Cultural evolution sets the stage for biological evolution.
B. Cultural evolution has taken over biological evolution.
C. Cultural evolution has occurred more rapidly than biological evolution.
D. Cultural evolution works against biological evolution.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Culture Provides Adaptive Solutions
MSC: Understanding
120. Almost anywhere you travel in the world you can find a McDonald’s restaurant or T-shirts with
American logos. Researchers theorize that this phenomenon is part of a process that accelerates
cultural evolution. What is this process called?
A. urbanization C. globalization
B. commercial warfare D. world exchange
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Culture Provides Adaptive Solutions
MSC: Applying
121. Which cultural group is most likely to focus on single elements of the foreground in an image
rather than on the entire image?
A. Eastern cultures
B. Western cultures
C. both Western and Eastern cultures
D. neither Western nor Eastern cultures
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Culture Provides Adaptive Solutions
OBJ: 1.3A
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 3, Ethical and Social
Responsibility in a Diverse World MSC: Remembering
122. Which cultural group is most likely to focus on an entire image rather than the single elements of
its foreground?
A. Eastern cultures
B. Western cultures
C. both Western and Eastern cultures
D. neither Western nor Eastern cultures
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Culture Provides Adaptive Solutions
OBJ: 1.3A
123. According to research conducted by Richard Nisbett, ________ tend to be ________ in their
thinking.
A. Western cultures; holistic
B. Eastern cultures; holistic
C. both Western and Eastern cultures; holistic
D. both Western and Eastern cultures; analytic
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Culture Provides Adaptive Solutions
OBJ: 1.3A
124. Which of the following statements best summarizes the role of culture in shaping behaviors?
A. Culture has a minor role that is far secondary to biology.
B. Culture plays an important role in shaping our behaviors.
C. Cultural experiences allow us to break down complex ideas.
D. Culture affects only social behaviors and not the way we think.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Culture Provides Adaptive Solutions
OBJ: 1.3A
Thinking | APA Goal 3, Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
MSC: Understanding
125. Dr. Scott is testing whether cultural norms about emotion influence neural responses to different
emotional expressions. Dr. Scott’s research is in the area of:
A. evolutionary psychology. C. bicultural psychology.
B. sociobiology. D. cultural neuroscience.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Culture Provides Adaptive Solutions
OBJ: 1.3A
Responsibility in a Diverse World MSC: Applying
126. Psychological science crosses which level(s) of analysis?

A. biological C. individual
B. social D. all of the above
ANS: D DIF: Easy
REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Now Crosses Levels of Analysis
MSC: Remembering
127. Which of the following is an example of research done at the individual level of analysis?
A. examining how neurotransmitters change when recalling a painful memory
B. studying how different personality traits can influence job success
C. testing whether people perform an easy skill better alone or in front of a group
D. exploring how the country one grows up in influences how one interprets nonverbal cues
OBJ: 1.3A
128. Which of the following is an example of research done at the biological level of analysis?
A. exploring how patterns of brain activity change under hypnosis
B. examining how mood can influence how we process persuasive arguments
C. researching how large and small groups function in problem-solving tasks
D. testing how one’s society influences how one explains failure and success
OBJ: 1.3A
129. Which of the following is an example of research done at the social level of analysis?
A. testing whether people perform a new skill better alone or in front of a group
B. examining how brain chemicals change when recalling a happy memory
C. testing how one’s culture influences how one explains personal failure and success
D. examining how sadness can influence how we process persuasive arguments
OBJ: 1.3A
130. Which of the following is an example of research done at the cultural level of analysis?
A. examining how large and small groups compromise during negotiations
B. studying how different personality traits can influence overall life satisfaction
C. testing how patterns of brain activity change under the influence of drugs
D. exploring how the country one grows up in influences how one interprets nonverbal cues
OBJ: 1.3A
131. Careers in psychology that are expected to grow in the future include:
A. working with older adults. C. homeland security.
B. working with soldiers. D. all of the above.
ANS: D DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Remembering
132. Which of the following would be an example of the biological level of analysis?
A. examining how the death of a spouse results in changes in serotonin in the brain
B. examining whether a person’s personality is enduring or changing across the life span
C. examining how being in a group changes whether a person will engage in illegal behavior
D. examining how different cultures define mental illness
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.3B
133. You catch your 12-year-old sister smoking. She says that she likes to smoke because her friends
smoke. You tell her she does it because she is addicted. Which of the following terms correspond
to the stated levels of analysis for the smoking behavior?
A. cultural, psychological C. social, psychological
B. cultural, biological D. social, biological
OBJ: 1.3B NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology
MSC: Applying
134. An interpersonal level of analysis falls into which of the following categories for understanding
behavior?
A. biological C. psychological
B. perceptual D. social
ANS: D DIF: Easy
MSC: Remembering
135. Which type of psychologist studies how people are affected by the presence of others?
A. developmental C. social
B. cultural D. clinical
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Remembering
136. Ethnomusicology examines music preferences from the ________ level of analysis.
A. biological C. social
B. individual D. cultural
ANS: D DIF: Easy
MSC: Remembering
137. Which area of psychology studies how shared ideas and behaviors are passed from one generation
to the next?
A. biological C. cultural
B. individual D. none of the above
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Remembering
138. Which level of analysis in psychology is correctly matched with an example?

A. Cultural level: At low doses, cocaine can improve performance on visual attention tasks,
such as detecting specific stimuli appearing on a computer screen.
B. Individual level: Cocaine abuse is associated with a history of violence and sexual abuse
in the family.
C. Biological level: Cocaine exerts its effects by prolonging the presence of specific
chemicals at the junctions between nerve cells.
D. Cultural level: Cocaine abuse is associated with high levels of the personality trait of
neuroticism and with low levels of the trait of conscientiousness.
OBJ: 1.3B
139. Which level of analysis in psychology is correctly matched with an example?

A. biological—testing how men and women differ in negotiations
B. individual—examining how large and small groups compromise during negotiations
C. social—studying what personality traits make one a better negotiator
D. cultural—exploring how the country in which one grows up impacts negotiation skills
OBJ: 1.3B
140. Dr. Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain might
contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Alvarez’s work best exemplifies the
________ subfield of psychology.
A. cognitive C. developmental
B. social D. biological
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Understanding
141. Which of the following subfields of psychology is INCORRECTLY matched with its description?
A. neuroscience—examines the relationship between the nervous system and behavior
B. cognitive—examines how people grow and change from conception to death
C. industrial/organization—examines behavior and productivity in the workplace
D. clinical—deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Remembering
142. Which of the following subfields in psychology is correctly matched with an example?
A. developmental—exploring how drug use rates differ by country
B. personality—testing how drug use rates differ across the life span
C. social—examining how friend groups influence each other’s drug use
D. cultural—studying how certain personality traits lead to faster drug recovery
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Understanding
143. Which of the following subfields of psychology is correctly matched with a sample topic?
A. cognitive psychology—the influence of emotions on decision making
B. developmental psychology—the effectiveness of drug therapy for obsessive-compulsive
disorder
C. counseling—the role of neurotransmitter deficits in schizophrenia
D. clinical—the development of valid achievement tests for elementary school students
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Understanding
144. Topics such as perception, thinking, and learning are studied by ________ psychologists.
A. organizational C. personality
B. developmental D. cognitive
ANS: D DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Remembering
145. Dr. Ebrahim examines how children’s friendships change through the elementary and middle
school years. Dr. Ebrahim is a(n) ________ psychologist.
A. developmental C. cognitive
B. personality D. organizational
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Applying
146. Dr. Chen studies several traits that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Doherty investigates
how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood. Dr. Chen is a
________ psychologist; Dr. Doherty is a ________.
A. personality; personality psychologist, too
B. personality; developmental psychologist
C. developmental; personality psychologist
D. developmental; developmental psychologist, too
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Applying
147. Dr. Growe is reading an article reporting research in which psychologists investigated the effect of
group size on the conformity of group members. Dr. Growe is most likely reading the Journal of
________ Psychology.
A. Developmental C. Cultural
B. Social D. Personality
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Understanding
148. Dr. Lin studies obesity. She believes that the likelihood of obesity is related to levels of the trait of
agreeableness. In which subfield is Dr. Lin most likely to work?
A. personality psychology C. counseling psychology
B. social psychology D. developmental psychology
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Applying
149. Which type of psychologists study, assess, and treat individuals with psychological disorders?
A. school C. clinical
B. personality D. cognitive
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Remembering
150. Clinical psychologists work with individuals:

A. with severe mental illness. C. with marital and family concerns.
B. with daily stressors. D. needing career advice.
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Remembering
151. A married couple experiencing relationship difficulties is best advised to consult a ________
psychologist.
A. social C. personality
B. clinical D. counseling
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Understanding
152. Workplace training and job placement would be of interest to which type of psychologist?
A. counseling C. industrial/organizational
B. clinical D. developmental
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Understanding
153. The psychologists most likely to work in business are ________ psychologists.
A. organizational C. experimental
B. clinical D. developmental
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Remembering
154. Kim spent years studying children in a remote village. To understand how their behavior and
mental processes change over time, she would like to study them over the course of their lifetimes.
Kim is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
A. personality C. cognitive
B. school D. developmental
ANS: D DIF: Easy
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Applying
155. General Mills wants to design new cereal packaging that is easy for parents to open but hard for
infants to open. To make sure it understands the capabilities and limitations of both age groups, it
should hire a(n) ________ psychologist.
A. biological C. developmental
B. cognitive D. industrial/organizational
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Applying
156. Which of the following is a research question that a personality psychologist might study?
A. What team processes make some teams more successful than others?
B. What individual traits lead to deviant behavior and criminal activity?
C. What are the best therapies for obsessive-compulsive disorder?
D. What interventions would reduce the rate of mental illness in homeless populations?
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Applying
157. Emily has created an individualized program to teach coping strategies to each child with learning
disabilities. Emily is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
A. school C. counseling
B. developmental D. cognitive
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Applying
158. Duane studies the relationship between hormone levels and people’s abilities to cope with stress.
In which subfield of psychology does Duane conduct research?
A. evolutionary C. biological
B. social D. developmental
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Applying
159. Mindy is a psychologist who was just hired to try to improve the morale and motivation of the
workers in her company. Mindy is probably a(n) ________ psychologist.
A. personality C. clinical/counseling
B. social D. industrial/organizational
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Applying
160. Jane has a phobia of public speaking. To help her overcome her phobia, she decided to consult a
________ psychologist.
A. personality C. counseling
B. clinical D. social
OBJ: 1.3B
MSC: Understanding
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attacker, thrash him if need be, do anything and everything sooner
than accede to any scoundrel’s proposals.
And yet here he was hemmed in with Yootha and on the point of
becoming an unwilling accessory to another’s blackmail in order to
shield, not himself only—that, he told himself, he never would have
done—but the woman he loved to distraction, and to protect her
honor. The prospect was too awful, and, as he thought about it now,
racking his brain to find a way out of the net which had been so
cleverly drawn around them both, every way seemed blocked, and a
cold perspiration broke out all over him.
Silently he kissed Yootha once more as she bade him good night,
and for several minutes they remained locked in each other’s arms.
When he was alone again, Tom came to him. In his hand was a
large, rather bulky gray envelope.
“This was brought for you, sir, about six o’clock, and as it is
marked very urgent I took the dinghy and rowed to the boat where
you had gone to tea, but the gentleman told me you had just left.”
“What gentleman?”
“I don’t know his name, sir, but——”
And he described his appearance.
“La Planta,” Preston said aloud, with a frown. Then he took the
letter and went below to read it by the light of the lamp, leaving Tom
on deck.
About two minutes later the ex-soldier stopped abruptly in his
work of folding up the deck-chairs, and listened. No sound was
audible.
“Strange,” he murmured. “I could have sworn I heard a groan.”
Stepping very quietly, he crept down the few steps, then peered
into his master’s cabin, the door of which stood half open.
Preston, seated with his elbows on the table, his head resting
between his hands, was staring at some letters spread out in front of
him. Thus he remained for several moments, motionless, though
from where Tom stood his heavy breathing was audible.
Tom gave a light knock on the door, then entered.
Preston gave no sign.
“Is there anything more I can do for you, sir, before I go to bed?”
the man asked.
Preston did not reply. He still made no sign, and seemed
unconscious of the other’s presence.
Tom was about to repeat the inquiry, when all at once Preston
collapsed in a heap, his head falling forward heavily on to the table.
Instantly his servant sprang to his assistance. Thinking he must
have fainted, though never before had he known him to faint, the
man loosened his collar, then ran quickly away and returned with
water with which he began to bathe his master’s temples and the
back of his neck. Thus he continued for some minutes, at the end of
which time Preston began slowly to recover consciousness. Soon he
looked into Tom’s face, then gripped his hand tightly.
“Tom,” he exclaimed in a hoarse whisper. “I have had bad news,
very bad news. I may be in great difficulties soon, and you are about
the only man who will then be able to help me. I can trust you
implicitly, eh, Tom?”
He gave the man a searching look, with an expression in his eyes
which Tom had never seen there before. Though only his servant,
Tom had come to be looked upon by Preston, who had so often
faced death with him, as a personal friend.
“I think so, sir,” he answered grimly. “Do you feel a little better
now, sir?”
“Yes, I’m all right. Tell me who handed you the letter you gave me
just now?”
Tom described the appearance of the man in flannels.
“Did he say anything?”
“No, sir. Only asked me to be sure to give it to you the moment
you returned, as it was very urgent. I was to give it to you myself,
sir.”
He turned, opened a little cupboard in the corner, and took out a
tantalus and a siphon.
“You had better drink this, sir,” and he handed his master a stiff
brandy and soda.
“Thank you, Tom.”
When he had emptied the tumbler, Preston looked better.
“Miss Hagerston must know nothing about my being taken ill,” he
said.
“She shall not, sir.”
“Or that I received a letter brought by hand.”
“She shall not, sir.”
“Tom, is my little automatic anywhere about?”
The man glanced at him suspiciously. A thought had flashed into
his mind, but the next moment he had dismissed it, and replied:
“Yes, sir, I have it.”
“Keep it loaded, will you?”
“Yes, sir.”
“And now you can go to bed, Tom. I hope you will manage to
sleep on that chair.”
“We have both of us slept in worse places than that, sir,” and he
smiled grimly at the recollection. “Will you be all right now, sir?”
“Quite all right. I think the heat upset me. Good night, Tom.”
“Good night, sir.”
“The heat!” Tom murmured as he rolled himself up in his blanket
in the deck-chair. “I don’t think!”
CHAPTER XVIII.
WHAT DOCTOR JOHNSON KNEW.

There had been several rather startling suicides during the
season which was now ending, of men and women of social
standing, and in every case the usual verdict had been returned. The
events had created a certain amount of interest; theories to account
for the tragedies had been advanced; then the nine days’ wonder
had subsided and London life had gone on again as usual.
When, however, no less than seven men and five women of high
rank and apparently without a care in the world had ended their lives
within the first three weeks of July, the newspapers had begun to
agitate to know the reason of this epidemic of suicides which
exceeded even the epidemic of 1918, when Lord Hope-Cooper,
Viscount Molesley, the Honorable Vera Froissart, Madame Leonora
Vandervelt, Sir Stephen Lethbridge, Henry Hartsilver, and others,
had died by their own hand.
In Society, too, everybody had begun to talk. The mystery of Lord
Froissart’s suicide comparatively recently, when his body had been
found at the foot of the cliffs at Bournemouth, had never been
solved. Now the hot weather was held by some to be responsible for
the series of tragedies, but this theory was not general. Interviewed
on the subject of the “epidemic” several eminent psychologists and
scientists expounded their views in more or less complex language,
the meaning of which most people failed to grasp.
Indeed, the majority of those interviewed endeavored to convince
the public that the series of tragedies was due to whatever cause
they themselves happened to be interested in. Thus the spiritualists
had theories concerning “souls” and “vampires” and the vengeance
of people long dead; ecclesiastics were perfectly certain the
prevalence of suicide was due to men’s, and especially to women’s,
sinful way of living; followers of certain unconventional physicians’
views on eugenics attributed the outbreak to the effects of
“unwholesome environment,” though in what way the dead people’s
environment had been unwholesome they did not explain; while
advocates of early Victorianism were ready to “prove” that the
tragedies would have been unthinkable in their young days.
All such speculation of course led nowhere, and served only to
increase anxiety as well as alarm. The theory which enlisted most
adherents was that folk lavishly endowed with this world’s goods
were in the habit of exercising so little self-control that eventually
their minds became affected, and finally unbalanced. This was, to
some extent, the view held by Doctor Johnson, and he told Blenkiron
as much when, happening to meet him one day at his club, their
conversation drifted to the prevalent topic.
“I am anxious about our common friend, Charlie Preston,”
Blenkiron said presently. “Have you seen him lately?”
“Not since Henley week,” Johnson replied. “What is the matter
with him?”
“I am certain he has something on his mind; he appears to me to
have changed enormously within the last week or so.”
“In what way?”
“All the ‘vim’ seems to have gone out of him. He seems to be
always preoccupied, always thinking—thinking. Often when I speak
to him he doesn’t answer; in fact I don’t believe he hears. He used
not to be like that.”
“He is engaged to be married.”
“I know, but I am positive that isn’t the reason. If it is, heaven
prevent my ever becoming engaged!” and Blenkiron smiled rather
grimly.
“Then to what do you attribute it?”
“I don’t attribute it. There is nothing to which I can attribute it. But I
tell you this in confidence, Johnson—if I heard that Charlie Preston
had become another victim to the suicide epidemic I should not be
surprised.”
“You don’t say so! He is one of the last men I should have thought
capable of that. When could I see him, I wonder? I should like to
have a talk with him, after what you say.”
“Why not ask him to lunch one day? Oddly enough, Johnson,
Miss Hagerston, whom he is to marry, has greatly changed too. This
is not imagination on my part, I can assure you.”
But before Johnson could invite Preston to lunch, something
happened.
This was a visit which Johnson received from Cora Hartsilver; she
had become acquainted with him about the time when Yootha was in
trouble regarding the pearl necklace.
Cora had made an appointment by telephone, and during the
afternoon she called.
“I have come to see you,” she said, “about my friend, Miss
Hagerston, who tells me she had the pleasure of meeting you at
Henley.”
“Yes, and I had the pleasure of congratulating her upon her
engagement. She is not indisposed, I hope?”
“Indeed she is, seriously indisposed, though not in the way you
mean. She is mentally indisposed, if I may put it so.”
“I am sorry to hear that. Can you give me a few particulars?”
“Well, she is staying with me at present, and has been since
Henley week. She asked me if she might come to stay with me
because she could no longer sleep at night in her flat—she got
frightened and had terrible nightmares, she said. That she has
something on her mind I am absolutely convinced; yet though we are
such intimate friends she positively refuses to tell me anything,
though she as good as admits that she is worried. So I thought I
would take the liberty of asking your advice without telling her.”
“Hadn’t I better see her?”
“I think not, at least not yet. Your calling to see her would arouse
her suspicion, because I have asked her once or twice to let me ask
a doctor to call, and each time she has strongly opposed the
suggestion.”
“Is she unhappy at the thought of her approaching marriage?”
“Indeed no! She is terribly in love. In fact, I tremble to think what
would happen to her if any mishap befell Captain Preston. So
strongly do I feel on that point that sometimes I wonder if she has
some secret cause to believe that some mishap may befall him. He
seems greatly worried too.”
“So I understand.”
“Why, who told you?”
“His great friend, Blenkiron.”
“Well, Doctor Johnson, what do you suggest?”
For a minute the doctor did not answer.
“You say the change in Miss Hagerston dates from Henley
Regatta?” he said at last.
“From the morning of the third day. She went to the Regatta on
the second day only. She went with Captain Preston.”
“That was the day I met them both on Mrs. Mervyn-Robertson’s
house-boat. They were then both in the best of spirits, apparently,
and looked radiantly happy.”
Again he pondered, his brow slightly contracted.
“Where did Miss Hagerston sleep that night?” he asked suddenly.
This was a question Cora had not expected. She colored violently.
Then she said awkwardly:
“Oh, at her flat in Knightsbridge, I suppose.”
“You don’t know for certain?”
“No. How should I?”
“You say that you and Miss Hagerston are great friends, Mrs.
Hartsilver, so I thought that probably you would know. She did not, I
suppose, spend the night on Preston’s house-boat?”
“How could she, Doctor Johnson, alone with him!”
The doctor looked at her keenly, but she would not meet his gaze.
“Why not be frank with me, Mrs. Hartsilver,” he said, lowering his
voice. “She did spend the night on the boat with him, and you know
it.”
Cora looked terribly alarmed.
“Oh, for heaven’s sake, doctor,” she exclaimed, “don’t let anybody
know! Think what would be said, the inference that would be drawn,
especially as they are engaged. I will be frank with you, then. I was
with friends at Henley, and Yootha was to have met me at ten o’clock
at night, and we were to have returned to town together. But she did
not meet me, and I, thinking she must have gone back to London
alone, returned with my friends. As soon as I got home I rang up her
flat, and her maid said she had not come in; the maid was sitting up,
awaiting her. I was dreadfully upset, and blamed myself for having
missed her.
“Next morning, about noon, she came to my house, looking very
ill and worried. She said that she and Captain Preston had forgotten
all about the time until it was too late to meet me, also by then the
last train had gone. Captain Preston tried everywhere to find a bed
for her, but there was not one to be had. Finally there was nothing for
it but for her to return with the captain to his house-boat, where he
gave her his bed and slept himself in his servant’s bed, while his
servant slept outside in a deck-chair. That is what she told me, and I
believe every word, because she couldn’t lie to me. There was no
harm in it at all, believe me, there was not, but of course it would not
do for people to know. Nobody knows but you and Captain Preston’s
servant, a man absolutely to be trusted not to talk.”
“And Miss Hagerston’s maid. At least she knows that her mistress
did not come home.”
Johnson began to pace the room.
“Of course I shall treat what you have just told me as strictly
confidential,” he said, “but the fact remains that we don’t know what
happened during the time Preston and Miss Hagerston left Mrs.
Mervyn-Robertson’s house-boat, and the time, late at night, when
they returned to his own house-boat.”
“What do you imply?” Cora asked sharply, drawing herself up.
“Forgive me if I have conveyed a wrong impression,” Johnson
said, stopping in his walk. “I assure you I did not mean to imply what
you think. Nothing was further from my mind. No, my thoughts were
traveling in quite a different channel. Tell me, Mrs. Hartsilver, are
Miss Hagerston and Captain Preston now on terms of intimacy with
Mrs. Mervyn-Robertson? They appeared to be the other day, and I
was surprised, because I was under the impression that their
acquaintanceship with her had for some time past been, how shall I
put it—rather strained?”
“Indeed it was more than rather strained,” Cora answered quickly.
“Mrs. Robertson detests Yootha almost as much as she detests me,
and I think I am safe in saying that she bears Captain Preston no
love at all. As we are speaking in confidence I may as well tell you
that Miss Hagerston, Captain Preston, myself, and one or two others
have for some months past suspected Jessica Mervyn-Robertson
and her friends, Mr. Aloysius Stapleton and Mr. Archie La Planta, of
being impostors of some sort, if nothing worse; we have reasons for
suspecting this. Consequently we have been making private
inquiries about them of the Metropolitan Secret Agency and other
sources, and this, I think, they have got to know. Captain Preston
and Yootha accepted their invitation to tea on their house-boat
chiefly out of curiosity, I believe, and were greatly surprised at the
exceptionally friendly reception accorded them. I think they made a
mistake in associating with Mrs. Robertson at all in the
circumstances.”
Johnson smiled.
“As that is so, Mrs. Hartsilver, perhaps you will admit me to your
little group which suspects ‘Mrs. Jessica’ and her two satellites of not
being all that they seem to be. Tell me, wasn’t Captain Preston in
Shanghai at one time?”
“Yes, I have heard him say so.”
“Well, from the middle of 1910 to the end of 1912 I practiced in
Hong Kong. Englishmen, as I dare say you know, become very
clannish when exiled in places of that sort. I used to visit Shanghai
rather frequently, where I had a locum tenens, and if Mrs. Jessica
and a notorious young woman named Angela Robertson are not the
same—oh, but they are the same, I am perfectly positive they are.
Stapleton, too, lived in Shanghai for a while—that must have been in
1911. He made the Astor Hotel his home, remember, and though I
only saw him once or twice, and never met him to speak to, my
locum tenens had all sorts of extraordinary stories about him, and
my locum was not a man to heed idle gossip.”
“Stapleton and Fobart Robertson—the adventurer whom Mrs.
Jessica married—were hand in glove at that time. Then one day
Fobart Robertson found Shanghai too hot to hold him—and if you
had ever been in Shanghai, Mrs. Hartsilver, you would know how hot
that must have been—and left hurriedly, whereupon Stapleton calmly
stepped into his shoes and became to all intents Mr. Robertson—at
the club they nicknamed him ‘Fobart’s understudy.’ It created
something of a scandal amongst the British population, but in the
East the morals of most Europeans are on a lower plane than over
here, and after a while the liaison came to be winked at, so that
Angela Robertson was once more received as she had been when
living with her husband, and Stapleton, being well-to-do and
extremely hospitable, and consequently popular, was no longer cold-
shouldered. Other friends of Angela Robertson’s in Shanghai were, I
remember, Mrs. Stringborg—yes, the woman whose necklace was
removed—and a queer fellow called Timothy Macmahon. It was
Macmahon’s widow to whom Lord Froissart left all his property, if you
remember. Does all this interest you, Mrs. Hartsilver, or am I boring
you?”
“Boring me!” Cora exclaimed. “I am thrilled! Captain Preston
knows nothing of all this, I suppose?”
“Not so far as I am aware. Of course it would not do for me to say
outside what I have just told you in confidence. Having no evidence
in support of my statements I might get myself into serious trouble, to
say nothing of ruining my practice.”
“Oh, but you will tell Captain Preston?”
“I would sooner you told him, Mrs. Hartsilver.”
Cora smiled.
“So that if either of us should get into trouble it would not be you?”
“Precisely,” Johnson replied with a laugh. He was silent for some
moments.
“And now you may think what I am about to say is strange, Mrs.
Hartsilver, but I have rather keen intuition, and something seems to
tell me that whatever happened to Preston and Miss Hagerston that
evening at Henley, which apparently upset them, Angela Robertson
and Stapleton had a hand in it. The idea may sound ridiculous, but
that is my strong impression.”
“But what can have happened to them, doctor?”
“I have no idea—at present. Can’t you induce Miss Hagerston to
tell you? You and she are such friends.”
“I am afraid not, but I will try.”
“Supposing, for instance, that in the ardor of their love for each
other they should have been discovered in some apparently
compromising, though in reality quite harmless situation—and been
blackmailed. Such things happen oftener than you might suppose;
not that I suppose you ever think about such things.”
Cora glanced at him with an expression of horror.
“Is that really so?” she asked.
Johnson nodded.
“Almost any man or woman, not excepting the most virtuous, may
under certain circumstances get let in for blackmail, and the wonder
to me is that more are not blackmailed. Look at this so-called
‘epidemic’ of suicide that everybody is talking about and that the
papers are full of. My private opinion is that some, at any rate, are
victims of blackmail, who have taken their lives to escape public
exposure.”
“But blackmailed by whom?”
“Ah, there you have me. The whole thing reads to me as though
the victims, if blackmailed, were charged by the same person, or it
may have been by members of some gang, or an organization of
some sort. Don’t you remember the series of suicides which took
place a year ago and that—oh, I beg your pardon, Mrs. Hartsilver. I
had quite forgotten.”
“Pray don’t apologize, Doctor Johnson. I am most interested in
what you say. I wonder—I wonder if poor Henry——”
“I knew your husband slightly, Mrs. Hartsilver, and I must say I
was amazed when I read of the tragedy. The last man—the very last
man——”
“So everybody said. Blackmail! Now I wonder if——”
Unconsciously she stopped, for strange thoughts, reflections,
memories of little incidents, were crowding in upon her. Then quickly
her train of thought shot away into a different channel. The man she
had loved so dearly, young Sir Stephen Lethbridge—the whole of the
terrible affair came back to her, as though it had happened the day
before.
“Exactly the way Molesley made away with himself,” again she
heard her husband’s voice, unemotional, cold as ice. And in Viscount
Molesley’s room a quantity of burnt papers, she remembered
reading, had been found in the grate and scattered beside the body.
CHAPTER XIX.
WITHOUT A STAIN.
Alix Stothert, the mysterious manager of the Metropolitan Secret
Agency, lived in the house with the bronze face, on the top floor, and
so did his partner, the woman known as Madame Camille Lenoir.
They were a sinister couple, of whom nobody seemed to know
anything, and the police, when questioned concerning them, as they
had been on more than one occasion, refused to make any
statement. That the police looked upon them with no favorable eye
was generally admitted by those in a position to know, and the
inference naturally drawn was that Scotland Yard was jealous of the
Metropolitan Secret Agency’s extraordinary success in making
discoveries which led to the arrest of criminals while the police failed
to obtain even clues.
They lived a strange life, apparently, for the door leading into the
suite of rooms which they occupied was always kept locked—it had
two Yale locks—and no servants or other helpers were ever
admitted.
The sitting-room, “living-room” would have been a better name for
it, had three telephones, and a metaphone which connected with
their office on the first floor. It had also a tape-machine, and in
Stothert’s bedroom was a speaking tube which went down to the
back entrance of the house and was so arranged that Stothert could
be spoken to from a blind alley off the narrow little street. On to this
blind alley the door opened.
Stothert and Camille Lenoir were alone in their living room about
ten o’clock one night during the first week of August, when the
speaking tube whistled shrilly in the room adjoining. At once the man
got up and went into the bedroom to find out who wanted him. For
only a few seconds he listened. Then he spoke one word, pushed
the whistle in again, and rejoined his partner.
“They are hot on the trail of Jessica,” he said calmly, as he seated
himself again, and readjusted the eye-shade which he had taken off
when he went into the next room. “I believe in the end they will prove
her undoing, and Stapleton’s.”
“Shall you warn her?” the woman asked anxiously.
“Certainly not. It is no concern of ours.”
“How do you mean—no concern of ours?”
“In the circumstances. Had she treated us differently——”
“I understand. And whom has she mostly to fear?”
“Preston. He is so clever, and has such foresight and imagination,
that Stapleton and La Planta may find themselves presently on the
horns of a dilemma of their own creating.”
After a minute’s pause, during which he seemed to be thinking
deeply, he unhooked the receiver from the transmitter on the table at
his elbow, and waited with it pressed to his ear, without asking for
any number.
“Please come here at once,” he said suddenly, speaking into the
transmitter.
“Yes, most important.”
“Yes, without any delay.”
Then he replaced the receiver, relit his pipe, which had gone out,
picked up a newspaper and began carelessly to scan its headlines.
“I see Preston’s wedding is to take place shortly,” he said
presently.
“Perhaps,” his companion observed significantly.
“Hulloa!” Stothert exclaimed suddenly, “have you seen this,
Camille? Levi Schomberg’s body is to be exhumed.”
The woman sprang up from her chair, and leant over Stothert’s
shoulder to read the startling announcement. It was contained in two
lines in the stop press. No reason for the exhumation was given or
hinted at.
“Alix, that will discomfort our friend,” she said with a grin. “And
Jessica and Stapleton too. I wonder who brought that about.”
“That Doctor Johnson, you may depend. He was much upset, as I
told you, at his opinion at the inquest being turned down by the
coroner. This may have an interesting sequel, not calculated to set
Jessica’s mind at rest.”
“And may strengthen Preston’s hand. I believe that, all along, he
and Blenkiron have suspected La Planta.”
They went on talking about the exhumation and what it might
eventually lead to, until the whistle of the speaking tube interrupted
them once more. After answering it Stothert pressed a button in the
wall, and waited. A minute later the door of the room opened and a
woman entered.
Young and very pretty, she was dressed apparently for a ball or a
reception. She shut the door after her, then without ceremony went
over and sat down in a big arm-chair near the two occupants of the
room, neither of whom had risen or greeted her when she entered.
“What do you want?” she asked curtly, addressing Stothert.
“We want you to find out as soon as possible, to-night if you can,
where Mrs. Timothy Macmahon is now, the woman to whom Lord
Froissart left his fortune which should have been inherited by his
elder daughter, Mrs. Ferdinand Westrup. When last we heard of Mrs.
Macmahon she still resided in Cashel, County Tipperary. Where are
you going to-night?”
“To a reception in Berkeley Square,” and she mentioned the name
of her hostess. “You have put me to great inconvenience by making
me come here at this hour.”
Stothert shrugged his shoulders.
“We are all put to inconvenience at times,” he said. “You surely
did not expect me to make an exception in your case? People of
higher social standing than you have been put to inconvenience on
our account.”
“Shall I ring you up if I discover the woman’s whereabouts?” his
visitor inquired, changing the subject.
“If you please. Also you will notice if any people of interest to us
attend the reception. And take this.” He handed her a sealed
envelope. “Its contents you can read when you have left here.”
For fully five minutes after the pretty visitor had gone, Stothert sat
in silence, sucking thoughtfully at his pipe. His companion,
apparently still thinking about the announcement in the newspaper,
made no attempt to interrupt him. Suddenly he turned to her and
removed his pipe from his mouth.
“Froissart’s death was most unfortunate,” he said, “most
unfortunate. I particularly wanted him to attend the Albert Hall ball,
and he was going to on our advice, if you remember.”
“Not more unfortunate than Sir Stephen Lethbridge’s death,”
Camille Lenoir answered, “or, for that matter, Leonora Vandervelt’s.
We have to face these setbacks. Still, nobody up to the present
suspects our methods.”
“Up to the present—no. But don’t be too confident. The police
would ask nothing better than to be able to find out all about us, and
how we work, and then let us down in order to get back on us. If the
true verdict had been brought in regarding Vera Froissart’s death,
and the cause of her suicide, it would have been a bad day for us. I
shall not be sorry when we cut adrift from this business. There are
times when the excitement of carrying on becomes too tense for a
man of my age.”
His companion smiled.
“How you keep on about your age,” she said. “You may be getting
on physically, but how many men of your age possess your clear
brain and your clear intelligence? I don’t look forward to the
Schomberg inquiry, I can assure you. What can they suspect? And
who can have applied for the exhumation? Not his relatives, I am
sure. They were too anxious to inherit his estate to be likely to want
inquiries to be made. And I am not of your opinion that Johnson and
Blenkiron made the application.”
Nobody, listening to Camille then, would have believed her to be
the common French woman familiar to clients of the Metropolitan
Secret Agency. For now, closeted with her partner in their private
sitting-room, she spoke excellent English, while her foreign accent
was barely perceptible.
The telephone bell rang, and Camille answered it. Then she
pressed her palm on the transmitter.
“Preston,” she said laconically. “He wants to speak to you at
once.”
Stothert took the instrument.
“That you, Captain Preston?” he asked.
“No, I can’t see you to-night.”
“Yes. Almost any time to-morrow would suit me.”
“I am sorry. I have no further news as yet, but I hope to have
some soon.”
“Oh, yes, we are getting on famously, and on the right line, I feel
sure. By the way, I take it the announcement of your approaching
marriage in to-day’s papers is official?”
“It is. Then I congratulate you. Good night, Captain Preston.”
“He has not read the announcement about the exhumation,
apparently, and it was no affair of mine to tell him,” Stothert
remarked, when he had rung off. “We must tell him something soon
about Jessica, if only to keep him quiet. By the way, Stapleton told
me recently that Levi Schomberg had hinted to him more than once
that Mrs. Hartsilver was a designing woman. What can Schomberg’s
reason have been for saying what we know to be manifestly untrue?”
“Probably the same reason which prompted him to make other
false statements,” Camille replied. “We may learn that, and other
curious things concerning Levi at the inquiry.”
The news that apparently some mystery surrounded Levi
Schomberg’s death aroused considerable comment. Though rarely
seen in public places, he had been well known to a comparatively
large circle of London Society, and had borne, rightly or wrongly, the
reputation of being the most “accommodating” man of his calling in
London.
This reputation had been due possibly to the fact that his
knowledge of the class for which he catered had been exceedingly
deep, also that he happened to be an excellent judge of character
and of human nature. Thus where he would politely refuse to
accommodate A, B and C, with a loan, no matter how small, to D, E
and F, though in no better circumstances and with no better security
to offer, he would readily advance quite large sums, instinctively
knowing them to be people who would eventually repay the loans of
their own accord, also the heavy interest which he charged, even
though before doing so they might need to renew their bills perhaps
several times.
“Odd thing, this exhumation of Schomberg’s body,” Blenkiron
remarked carelessly as he stood chatting with La Planta at the
corner of Brook Street one morning. “What do you make of it,
Archie?”
“Don’t ask me,” La Planta replied quickly. “I only hope I shall not
be dragged in to give evidence. I begin to wish to heaven I had not
met Schomberg that night, but Louie would invite him.”
“I wish you had been present at the inquest,” Blenkiron went on.
“Your documentary evidence left several points undecided, as the
coroner clearly explained. I believe if those points had been cleared
up this exhumation business would never have come about.”
“Yes. I now wish, too, that I had been there, though I
congratulated myself at the time on being out of it all. The doctor,
you see, wouldn’t let me out of bed—I had such a bad chill. What is
your theory concerning the cause of death?”
“Oh, I have no theory,” Blenkiron answered. “The coroner
attributed death to natural causes, so I stand by his decision.”
“That is exactly my argument,” La Planta said hurriedly. “Yet I
meet fellows who declare they thought all along there was something
‘fishy,’ as they call it, about the poor fellow’s death, though you may
depend on it the ‘fishiness’ would never have occurred to them if this
exhumation had not been ordered. The police, I hear, were notified
privately that there were certain doubts as to the cause of death.”
Yet when the inquiry did take place, the report was not wholly
satisfactory. Though no traces of any sort of poison could be found,
the condition of the remains was declared to be abnormal.
There is no need to go into details. The next startling
announcement was that Archie La Planta had been arrested.
At once the newspapers focused the attention of the public on the
unhappy young man, and then for the first time the searchlight of
notoriety illuminated as much of his past life as the press was able to
rake up. Indeed, it came as rather a shock to some of his friends to
find that apparently nothing was known about him prior to his arrival
in London some years previously.
Questioned on this point during his cross-examination, La Planta
admitted having spent some years of his life in the East, also that he
had known Stapleton in China. The question put as a trap: “Did you
ever borrow money from deceased?” he emphatically negatived.
“Now can you,” asked the cross-examiner a little later, “account
for the fact that some drops of a very rare perfume, the name and
nature of which I need not for the moment specify, were found on the
left sleeve of the fancy tunic you wore at the Albert Hall ball, and that
some of the same perfume was discovered on the fancy dress suit
worn by deceased that night?”
“Certainly,” La Planta answered without an instant’s hesitation. “I
had a little phial of the perfume with me at the ball, and as Mr.
Schomberg told me he liked the scent very much I gave him a little.
In fact I sprayed it on his clothes myself.”
“And where did you obtain the perfume? I understand it is not to
be had in London.”
“Quite true. I have to get it from abroad.”
“‘Abroad,’ is a big place, Mr. La Planta,” the examining counsel
observed dryly. “May I ask you to be more definite in your
statement? Perhaps you will tell me from what town or place ‘abroad’
it is, or was, sent to you?”
“Shanghai.”
“Shanghai! Indeed! This is most interesting. And who sends it to
you from Shanghai? May I have his—or her—name and address?”
At once La Planta scribbled on a scrap of paper which he then
handed to counsel for the prosecution.
When the latter had conferred in undertones with his solicitor, he
continued:
“Are you aware, Mr. La Planta, that this perfume may not be
legally sold or bought in this country without a special license, also
that to import it is illegal, owing to its being, in addition to a perfume,
an extremely potent drug possessing peculiar properties?”
“I am aware of that.”
“And yet you deliberately imported it?”
“I did.”
To all present in Court it was obvious examining counsel was
becoming annoyed at La Planta’s frank and unhesitating replies to
questions meant to disconcert him. For nearly two hours the
examination continued, and when at last it ended the witness left the
Court “without a stain upon his character” so far as the Jew’s death
was concerned.

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7. For much of its history, psychologists focused mostly on:

8. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the mind?

9. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the brain?

12. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good consumer of scientific research?

13. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that:

15. Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research?

16. Which of the following is an important goal of your psychology textbook?

37. Psychology developed into a discipline in:

38. Your text traces the nature/nurture debate back to:

45. Dualism is the idea that:

60. The early school of structuralism was introduced by:

62. According to the structuralists, the goal of psychology is to:

68. Functionalism has been criticized because it:

69. Functionalism has influenced each of the following pursuits EXCEPT:

71. According to the concept of survival of the fittest:

78. The school of Gestalt:

84. The unconscious mind influences human behavior, according to:

86. The theories of Sigmund Freud and his followers:

109. Humanism, championed by Maslow and Rogers, changed therapy by:

118. Relative to human biological evolution, cultural evolution has occurred:

126. Psychological science crosses which level(s) of analysis?

138. Which level of analysis in psychology is correctly matched with an example?

139. Which level of analysis in psychology is correctly matched with an example?

150. Clinical psychologists work with individuals:

WHAT DOCTOR JOHNSON KNEW.

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