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“I find it incredible that there will not be a sweeping revolution

in the methods of building during the next century. A few Non-traditional houses
energetic men might at any time set out to alter all this.”
Identifying non-traditional houses in the UK 1918–75
H G Wells, Anticipations, 1902

“There has been altogether too much buncombe associated

with the factory-built home. Publishers everywhere have Compiled and edited by
accepted too freely the idea of pre-fabrication and have
Harry Harrison, Stephen Mullin,
given it much publicity. Students of the problem should
consider critically what has been proposed...” Barry Reeves and Alan Stevens
John Burchard 2nd, in The Evolving House, Vol. III (A F Bemis), 1936

“Down in the jungle, living in a tent,

better than a prefab – no rent.”
Charlie Chester, Stand Easy, BBC Light Programme, 1946
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Foreword

BRE is the UK’s leading centre of expertise on the built The Building Research Housing Group (BRHG) – a self-help club for innovative and enterprising
environment, construction, energy use in buildings, fire prevention social housing providers run by a BRE secretariat – is very aware of the great value of this book
and control, and risk management. BRE Global is a part of the to housing maintenance teams. In fact, BRHG owes its existence to concerns over renovation
BRE Group, a world leading research, consultancy, training,
testing and certification organisation, delivering sustainability and problems with non-traditional housing (NTH) in the early 1990s, in anticipation of the ending of
innovation across the built environment and beyond. The BRE the Housing Defects Scheme of Assistance.
Group is wholly owned by the BRE Trust, a registered charity
aiming to advance knowledge, innovation and communication in The Group’s inaugural conference in April 1992 began with a discussion on precast reinforced
all matters concerning the built environment for the benefit of all. concrete NTH; this was followed by a day-and-a-half workshop on house reinstatement, which
All BRE Group profits are passed to the BRE Trust to promote its included a site visit to a BISF house under refurbishment near Swansea. This interest started a
charitable objectives. wave of enquiries on NTH, which has continued to this day.
BRE is committed to providing impartial and authoritative During our early years, we were aware of the large survey undertaken by BRE in the 1980s on
information on all aspects of the built environment for clients, the condition and performance of NTH. During this period, the Group hosted presentations from
designers, contractors, engineers, manufacturers and owners. BRE experts on the development of its Government-commissioned register of upgraded NTH,
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy and quality of
information and guidance when it is published. However, we can which would serve both as a guide to identification and provide information on whether past
take no responsibility for the subsequent use of this information, refurbishment work had changed house type identification characteristics. Our members were
nor for any errors or omissions it may contain. among those local authorities and housing associations sent questionnaires to gather data on
type of system, numbers owned and changes carried out and planned.
BRE, Garston, Watford WD25 9XX
Tel: 01923 664000 The BRHG membership, over its 12-year partnership with BRE, has always recognised the
enquiries@bre.co.uk benefits of sharing knowledge. In a spirit of pooling expertise and resources, BRHG members
www.bre.co.uk have provided access to properties for investigation by BRE researchers, for example, to
BRE publications are available from:
Reema Hollow Panel houses to measure temperature, humidity and oxygen levels before and
www.brebookshop.com after over-cladding.
or
Consequently, in its recognition of the hard work that has gone into amassing all the detail in
IHS BRE Press
Willoughby Road this splendid book, the Group has enthusiastically sponsored its production. We know that it will
Bracknell RG12 8FB help to answer such questions as whether the repair or improvement of a non-traditional house
Tel: 01344 328038 of any type is possible and can be justified.
Fax: 01344 328005
brepress@ihs.com As responsible housing practitioners, the BRHG welcomes this publication and we are keen to
share these valuable technical details on housing construction, maintenance, refurbishment,
Published by IHS BRE Press renewal and repair. Our aims as a Group are to provide value-for-money through cost-effective
technical solutions and we are pleased to promote this book to those ends.
Requests to copy any part of this publication should be made to
the publisher:
IHS BRE Press Phil Hallman
Garston, Watford WD25 9XX BRE Associate and Advisor to the BRHG Secretariat
Tel: 01923 664761
brepress@ihs.com

AP 294
© Copyright BRE 2004, 2012
First published 2004 as BR 469 Information on the BRHG can be obtained from its website www.brhg.org.uk, which
Digital edition 2012 contains a password-protected ‘members-only’ section, with a discussion forum for
ISBN 978-1-84806-275-7 sharing day-to-day experience on housing technical and management matters.
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Contents

Foreword vi
The Editors x
Preface xi

Introduction xiii

Acronyms xxvi
For Bucky, Cedric and Peter How to use this book xxvii
Designated defective houses xxx
References xxxii
Further reading xxxv
List of house types xxxvi

PART ONE: METAL FRAMED HOUSES 1

Appendix to Part One: Metal framed houses 211

PART TWO: PRECAST CONCRETE HOUSES 219

Appendix to Part Two: Precast concrete houses 501

PART THREE: IN-SITU CONCRETE HOUSES 509

Appendix to Part Three: In-situ concrete houses 635

PART FOUR: TIMBER FRAMED HOUSES 639

Appendix to Part Four: Timber framed houses 927

ADDENDUM to the digital edition 937

APPENDICES
A Systems for which information on structure is not available 947
B Systems based on small unit size loadbearing masonry 948
C Rationalised traditional houses 949

INDEX of house names and alternative names 950

ix
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The Editors
Harry Harrison is a former Superintending
Architect at the Building Research Establish-
ment, responsible for the Construction Practice
Division, including the Housing Defects Unit and
the BRE Advisory Service. He has been heavily
involved in assessing the performance and
durability of all kinds of non-traditional houses
(and, indeed, of other building types) for over
50 years, but with a special interest in metal
framed systems.
Stephen Mullin is a former Principal Architect
in the Department of the Environment, and its
successor Departments. From 1986 onwards
he was responsible for the Department’s pro-
gramme of research into non-traditional dwellings,
and for the technical implementation of the
Housing Defects legislation. He was the DOE
nominated officer for the research contract
which DOE placed with BRE for this book.
x xi
Barry Reeves is a Principal Engineer in the
BRE Centre for Concrete Construction. He has
been particularly involved over the last 20 years
with research on the performance and durability
of in-situ and precast concrete systems of
construction, and currently advises owners and
their professional advisers on the condition of
non-traditional dwellings.
Alan Stevens is a former Senior Scientific
Officer with the Building Research Establish-
ment, and has been particularly involved over
the last 25 years with research on the perfor-
mance and durability of metal framed and
timber framed systems. He was the BRE
nominated officer responsible for the research
contract which DOE placed with BRE for this
book.
In the early 1980s defects in design and con-
struction were discovered in a number of house
types designed and built before 1960. These
were subsequently designated as inherently de-
fective under the Housing Defects legislation.
Although these house types formed only a
relatively small proportion of the entire UK non-
traditional stock (some 1 1/2 million dwellings in
all), lending institutions were concerned that
similar defects might be present in other types
of construction. They recognised that their sur-
veyors and valuers had little or no experience
of the inspection and assessment of non-
traditional houses; since before the advent of
the Right to Buy virtually none of this stock had
ever been in the private sector.
Accordingly, in 1986 the Department of the
Environment commissioned a comprehensive
research programme from BRE, aimed at provi-
ding owners, valuers and building profession-
als with aids to identification of the main types;
information on their construction; advice on their
inspection and assessment; and guidance on
best practice in their maintenance, repair and
improvement.
Some of this information has already been
published, but much remained unpublished or
relatively inaccessible to potential users. This
book seeks to remedy this and make unpub-
lished information available to building pro-
fessionals. It draws together all BRE’s research
and survey experience in this field and is aimed
not only at the private sector, but at housing
associations and local authorities as well; since
much of the public sector stock which would
typically currently fall under review for improve-
ment, because of its age, is of non-traditional
construction. Ill-considered work to such houses,
without proper understanding of the principles
which need to be followed, could lead to much
wasted investment.
The book does not cover flats. Although
Preface
many of the systems described here were used
for the construction of other forms of housing,
and are so noted where this is the case, the
appraisal of multi-storey blocks usually calls for
a different level of expertise from that com-
monly possessed by building professionals
involved in the survey of individual houses.
However, a CD-ROM containing all 82 BRE
reports and leaflets on non-traditional housing of
all forms in pdf format, covering constructional
details, assessments of condition, maintenance
and repair is available separately from BRE
Bookshop (Ref. AP 149). Further information is
given elsewhere in this book.
Also excluded from the scope of the book
are ‘rationalised traditional’ systems, where the
primary structure is of loadbearing brick; or of
blockwork where the size and weight of compo-
nents is such as to allow for the traditional one-
man lift (as opposed to precast panels requiring
a two-man lift or mechanical aids). Nevertheless,
where proprietary names are known to have
been used for such construction they are listed
in the Appendices to obviate futile searches. But
be warned that manufacturers in the 1960s and
1970s often used the same name for traditional
and non-traditional systems. Check with the
Index at the back of the book and the Search
Engine on the CD ROM.
Nor are house types developed after 1975
included. This is because 1974 saw major
changes to the Building Regulations which drew
on the experience of previous years, and also
because very few new systems were developed
after that date. Those that were have been
relatively recent, and there has therefore been
insufficient time to adequately assess their per-
formance in use.
Help us
Nevertheless, the Editors are well aware that
there may still be some house types which do
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Preface
fall within the scope of this book, and may not
have been recorded. In addition, there is
scanty information on many other house types,
either in technical details, or in the form of a
proper photographic record. If readers have
information which could help us remedy these
omissions for a later edition of this book, or for
supplementary information which could be made
available on the Internet, such contributions
should be sent to www.nontradhouses.org.uk.
Acknowledgements
The generous financial support of the Office
of the Deputy Prime Minister and the Building
Research Housing Group is gratefully acknow-
ledged.
The list of people who have contributed to
this book in one way or another is endless, but
special mention must be made of the BRE staff
who either had direct involvement in the investi-
gations of various house types, or made a sig-
nificant contribution to the book:
Alan Butler, Alan Covington, Ray Cox,
Marilyn Edwards, Peter Finch, Ian Freeman,
Eddie Grant, Ken Harling, Ian McIntyre,
Ros Redman, Cy Robinson, Jim Thomson.
Many private individuals and local authori-
ties also generously contributed archive photo-
graphs and documents, technical information, and
news of previously undiscovered house types: in
particular, Michael Dyson, Ronald Green, Dr
Richard Moore, the late Frank Newby, Dr John
Parkinson, the late Sir Philip Powell, Martin Rogers,
Mike Fisher of the Halifax Building Society, offi-
cers from Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool and Ports-
mouth City Councils, and colleagues in the
Northern Ireland, Scottish and Welsh Offices;
without whose help this book would have been
much the poorer.
xii
The photograph opposite is by Ian Smith,
and those used in entries T114 and T128 are
by Jon Broome and Terrapin Ltd, respectively.
A number of black and white archive photo-
graphs have been reproduced from widely used
promotional material bearing no copyright ack-
nowledgement, including the annual CIBSA direc-
tories, the IBSAC magazine and National Building
Agency certificates. It is understood that these
photographs were supplied to the original pub-
lishers by the system sponsors, nearly all of
whom by now have been out of business for
many years. Every effort has been made to trace
extant copyright ownerships, largely without
success, and the publishers will be glad to hear
of any inadvertent infringement and will acknow-
ledge the source.
Photographs throughout this book have been
reproduced from the files of Architectural Review
and The Architects’ Journal, by permission.
Preface to the Digital Edition
In preparing the Digital Edition, the Editors have
taken the opportunity to revise and expand
existing entries and to add a number of new
systems which have come to light since the
original publication, These are detailed in the
Addendum to the Digital Edition on page 937,
after Section 4.
They have also noted the growing number
of new non-traditional housing systems which
have emerged over the last ten years as a
result of the Government’s Modern Methods of
Construction (MMC) initiative. While these
remain outside the scope of this book, for the
reasons detailed above in the Preface,
nevertheless building professionals involved in
inspection and assessment will increasingly
need to be aware of the constructional details
of such systems, as properties return to the
market.
Why 1918? After all, practically every form of
construction used in housing has at one time or
other been seen as non-traditional, from the evo-
lution of the mediaeval timber frame to the
introduction of machine-made concrete and
terracotta blocks and tiles. But before the 20th
Century such changes had been relatively gra-
dual, allowing plenty of time for assessing the
performance in use of materials and components
brought together in a novel and unfamiliar way.
However, when the pace and volume of inno-
vation overtook the timescale needed for evalu-
ation, then housebuilders entered uncharted
territory. So there are good reasons for choos-
ing 1918 as a starting point. But the full story,
of course, begins a little while earlier.
The impact of the Industrial Revolution on
structural innovation is well documented else-
where, most succinctly, perhaps, by R B White 1,
and readers will no doubt be familiar with the 19th
Century use of cast iron to provide prefabricated
buildings, including houses, for shipment to the
colonies. Less well known, perhaps, is the experi-
mentation in concrete construction that occurred
at the same time. The earliest known pair of no-
fines concrete houses, on the Isle of Wight, has
been dated 1852; and throughout the latter half
of the 19th Century and the early years of the
No-Fines houses at East Cowes, Isle of Wight, built by
Richard Langley in 1852.
Introduction
20th Century development continued 2, so that by
1918 it was possible to compile a whole book on
the various forms of concrete construction
available for domestic use 3.
Homes for heroes
It was an opportune moment for such a pub-
lication. The Great War had just ended. House-
building had virtually ceased over the previous
four years, and Richardson and Aldcroft 4 have
estimated that nearly 900,000 new houses were
needed simply to make up the backlog; and over
twice that number to provide for new households
over the next ten years. All this, without taking
into account the need for slum clearance. Yet
Lloyd George had promised “homes fit for
heroes”. How could his new Coalition government
meet the challenge?
Traditional methods of construction seemed
unequal to the task. There was a severe shortage
of orthodox building materials, which was to
continue for the next four years 5. Skilled labour
was at nearly half the prewar level, and union
obstruction meant that progress in training newly
demobbed soldiers was slow. But wartime
growth in the armaments industry had produced
a considerable spare production capacity, along
with technological advances in construction
equipment which could allow the use of unskilled
labour. The government saw a combination of
financial incentives and technical innovation as a
way of capitalising on these resources.
The Addison Act of 1919 introduced gen-
erous subsidies for local authorities, with an addi-
tional financial carrot for houses that embodied
new forms of construction. At the same time, the
Ministry of Health launched a fortnightly maga-
zine 6 which dealt with all aspects of the housing
drive, from the financial framework of the new
legislation, through the model house plans and
housing layouts envisaged by the 1918 Tudor
xiii
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Introduction
Walters Report, to innovative methods of house-
building.
The task of identifying and approving such
systems was entrusted in 1920 to Sir Ernest
Moir as Chairman of the Committee for Standard-
isation and New Methods of Construction. The
First Interim Report of the Committee in 1924 7
catalogued a bewildering array of proposals,
88 in all, ranging from fully prefabricated house
types to ingenious variations on standard con-
crete block construction (the latter therefore being
mostly outside the scope of this book). Some of
the systems described would raise eyebrows
today, yet a surprising number of them, like the
Duplex Sheath house (M038*) were actually built,
at least in prototype form.
The first – and last – Duplex Sheath house under
construction.
The systems which emerged during this
period fall clearly into two parts: those (utilising
steel, timber and large component precast con-
crete) which capitalised on skilled workers in fac-
tory and shipyard production, like Atholl (M010),
Dorlonco (M037), Telford (M093), Weir (T137),
Scano (T110), Boot (P026), and Parkinson (P094);
and those which employed a combination of small
scale on-site precast concrete and in-situ concrete
(Duo-Slab (S022), Winget (P137), Fidler (S027)),
or climbing or permanent shuttering for in-situ
concrete (Boswell (S007), Dry Walls (S021),
Easiform (S023, S024), Forrester-Marsh (S030),
Universal (S056)) to maximise the use of un-
skilled labour.
* The numbers after the house types refer to the entries
in the main part of the book.
xiv
Dorlonco houses under construction.
Major cities which had pioneered council
housing before the war were among the first to
adopt such systems of construction, notably Man-
chester, Birmingham, Leeds, Bradford, Bristol,
Liverpool (which also developed its own sys-
tems 8), and, in particular, the London County
Council 9. But other, smaller local authorities
proved equally innovative. Acton Urban District
Council, in West London, driven by an energetic
Surveyor, and pressed with a housing shortage
caused by the construction of factories nearby,
erected 70 Dry Walls bungalows in an unusual
and highly attractive layout.
At the same time, they compulsorily pur-
chased a site in East Acton which they offered as
a demonstration site for new forms of construc-
tion. The Acton site, despite the depredations of
the double glazing salesman, and the recent loss
of a poured concrete house, remains an evo-
cative Garden City reminder of the Ministry’s sug-
gestion that “a visit…would prove interesting and
instructive to those Councils whose schemes are
being delayed through lack of bricklayers” 10.
Parkinson houses under construction.
Introduction
One of the local authorities which made a
series of such visits (though not, apparently, to
the Acton site) was a Sub-Committee of Norwich
City Council, who were instructed “to inspect and
report on housing systems that will employ an
amount of unskilled labour, with the object of
erecting quickly a larger number of houses per
annum than is being erected at the present time” 11.
After interviewing a number of entrepreneurs in
London, with whom the Sub-Committee appears
to have been somewhat unimpressed (“The sys-
tem appears to be in its experimental stage and
Duo-Slab houses under construction.
the Company in its infancy”) they visited Leeds,
Wakefield and Glasgow, before making their final
shortlist.
They identified four house types “the building
of which is on really commercial lines”: Duo-Slab,
Underdown (P123), Winget, and Weir. The first
three, all utilizing a mixture of precast and in-situ
concrete, were, they noted, “not systems of
housebuilding, but of wall building only”; however,
they “find a large proportion of work for unskilled
men”. The Weir house, by contrast – timber
framed and steel clad – “provides a very small
proportion thereof but has the virtue of extreme
expedition in erection…The whole point of Lord Boswell houses under construction.
Weir’s scheme is complete standardisation of a
high class rapidly produced product…” terms White may well be correct in commenting
As one might expect from their brief, the Sub- that “the impact on the country and the building
Committee were divided on the merits of the Weir industry of all this pother was relatively slight” 13,
house, but recommended purchase of 100 each but the wider impact on consumers, producers
of the other three types. Their conclusions seem and building professionals should not be under-
not untypical of many local authorities, and it is estimated.
difficult to disagree with the view of an American By the 1930s, the idea of cheap, off-the-peg
commentator a decade later that “most, if not all, prefabricated timber bungalows, clad in sheet
of the alternate systems were employed by the materials like asbestos cement, had proved
Ministry of Health and the Local Authorities pri- widely attractive to the general public, par-
marily as a club to wield over the bricklayers, who, ticularly as holiday or retirement homes. Writers
aware of the housing shortage and the Govern- like Clough Williams-Ellis might fulminate against
ment program, seemed from time to time to be their effect on the countryside 14, but they did
on the point of demanding exorbitant wages” 12. demonstrate that non-traditional construction
Nevertheless, by the end of the first post-war was not only acceptable to consumers, but
decade, when the subsidies payable under the could offer definite advantages in terms of cost
Addison Act and its successors were finally and speed of erection. And, at the same time, a
phased out, some 50,000 ‘non-traditional’ houses new generation of architects was to see factory
had been built, all but a tiny minority by local production, and, in particular, the standardisa-
authorities. And not all of these were low-skill tion of components, as a logical step towards
systems: steel and timber framed houses ac- achieving the social and political goals of the
counted for over 20% of the total. In numerical Modern Movement.
xv
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Introduction
Popular prefabrication, the ‘Cottabunga’, 1928.
When we build again
With the advent of the Second World War, im-
mediate attention was concentrated on the need
for emergency housing, which, it was assumed,
would be needed for the many thousands of
people made homeless by a massive bombing
offensive. In anticipation of this, the British Com-
mittee for War Relief asked Buckminster Fuller to
design a steel emergency shelter, but when the
effects of the Blitz proved far less devastating
than feared the government saw the need for
armament production as more pressing in the
use of scarce resources 15.
By 1942, with the entry of the United States
into the war, attention could now be focused on
post-war objectives. Along with health, education
and social security, housing was seen as a key
factor in reconstruction. With the experience of
the First World War in mind, the Burt Committee
was set up “to investigate the alternative methods
of house construction used in the inter-war years,
and to advise on such methods as might be
capable of application or suitable for develop-
ment in the post-war period”.
As with the Moir Committee, the Burt Com-
mittee was overwhelmed with submissions, 221
in all, and White commented 16 that it might have
xvi
been better to have examined what had gone
wrong with this catch-all approach some 20
years ago, rather than spend time evaluating
largely obsolete systems. However, the Commit-
tee had learned from Moir’s failure to do much
more than determine whether a system could
actually be built, and, working closely with the
Study Committees of the Ministry of Works and
the Building Research Station, weeded out the
most obviously complicated and expensive pro-
posals.
Nevertheless, by January 1945, Richard
Sheppard could write that “The Tate Gallery, both
inside and out, is crammed with prototypes of
prefabricated systems, and daily more appear
round these damp walls” 17. Sheppard was one of
a number of young architects, like Edric Neel, the
designer of the Coventry Corporation (Radiation)
house (M027), who had both worked on proto-
types and written extensively since 1943 on the
need for standardisation and dimensional co-
ordination, in journals like The Builder, The
Architects’ Journal, and Architectural Design and
Construction 18.
Architects had barely been involved with any
of the Moir systems, but now they appeared at the
forefront of non-traditional design. The star per-
formers on the Ministry of Works 1943 Demon-
stration Site at Northolt 19 were undoubtedly
Frederick Gibberd’s BISF houses Type A and B
(M016, M018), which in the modified A1 form
(M017) were to prove a major player in the post-
war Permanent Prefabrication Programme 20. The
BISF houses were essentially an update of the
BISF Type A1 houses under construction.
Birmingham Corporation Type ST houses under
construction.
Dorlonco house of the 1920s, much as the Ford
Popular car of 1946 represented a re-styling of a
1939 chassis and road train. The young Philip
Powell had worked on these, and was later to
develop, with the engineer Eric Chick, the much
more sophisticated Howard house (M050,
M051), which contained a truckable 2-storey
kitchen/bathroom ‘heart unit’.
In the event, it was not architects but engi-
neers who, with these notable exceptions, were
to prove the front runners when the Permanent
Prefabrication Programme finally got under way
in 1945. Although major cities like Birmingham,
Leeds, and Manchester once again produced their
own systems in some numbers (Birmingham
Corporation Type ST (M015), Livett-Cartwright
(M059), Riley (M080), and prewar heavyweights
like F R S Yorke, Owen Williams and G Grey
Wornum put forward prototypes for submission
to the Burt Committee (Braithwaite (M021), Wilvan
(P136), Keyhouse Unibuilt (M055)), a fascination
with technical ingenuity tended to result in over-
complex forms of construction.
It was the Working Party on Prefabricated
Housing, set up jointly by the Ministries of Supply,
Health and Works in 1945, incorporating repre-
sentation from the Building Research Station, and
chaired by Professor J D Bernal, which had the
unenviable task of reducing 39 potentially viable
systems of construction to a manageable short-
list of (according to the minutes of the first
meeting) “as small a number of systems as
possible” 21.
Introduction
From the start, there appear to have been
tensions within the Working Party. Colonel Post,
for the Ministry of Works, declared robustly that
“one house in 1946 was regarded as worth two
in 1947” adding that “the scale of output en-
visaged was of the order of 150,000 per annum
of all types of unconventional construction” (in
the event, it never approached more than a third
of that). His colleague, the architect Joseph
Emberton, had different priorities: “Dear
Symon” he wrote in a confidential letter to the
Ministry of Health’s representative “The proto-
type Howard House…was bristling with defects,
and in my opinion showed every indication that
its perpetrators did not know a lot about
building…”
“This is very mild” he commented, before
turning his attention to the prototype Airey
houses (P003), designed by the engineer Sir
Edwin Airey, who had pioneered the Duo-Slab
house in the 1920s. “The…Group…presents
the general appearance of a site covered with
buildings which look as much like home as air-
raid shelters…” However, after a cosmetic
face-lift by Frederick Gibberd, the house went
on, as the ‘Airey Rural’, to be one of the main
workhorses of the programme 22, along with the
Cornish Unit (P039, P040) and Unity (P127,
P128) houses, both designed by engineers,
and both, like the Airey house, involving small
scale, lightweight, precast reinforced concrete
structural elements.
Wilvan houses under construction.
xvii
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Introduction
From the Airey Rural House Handbook of Erection
Instructions, Ministry of Health, 1947.
Mosquitoes and Mulberries
The wartime need for rapid construction of
encampments for the forces had provided an
enormous impetus to the development of pre-
cision factory casting. Components which could
be ordered from depots around the country, and
moved and placed by two men with little more
help than a small winch-crane and a lorry, proved
ideal for housing, particularly in rural areas. Un-
fortunately, the very advances in technology which
enabled the creation of such components were
later to prove their Achilles’ Heel. Minimal con-
crete cover to the reinforcement meant that the
(then) little understood chemical phenomenon of
‘carbonation’ would eventually significantly reduce
their useful life, though not, it must be stressed,
to much less than the 60 years for which they
were originally designed.
In addition, the construction of the D-Day
Mulberry Harbours provided further valuable ex-
perience. Wates, who were heavily involved in the
construction of the Harbours, used their expertise
to develop the eponymous Wates house (P130) 23,
while the engineers Reed and Mallick, who had
also worked on the programme, joined forces to
produce the equally successful Reema Hollow
Panel (P101) house, the first production example
in the UK of a large panel concrete system.
xviii
Other wartime developments in technology
also had a considerable impact. The develop-
ment of resin-bonded plywood for the Mosquito
bomber and for motor torpedo boats produced,
first, the prototype Jicwood Temporary Bungalow
(T062) and then British Power Boats’ Scottwood
house (T112), of which over a thousand were
built. But the biggest influence of wartime mass-
production techniques was to be, not on the post-
war Permanent Prefabrication Programme, but on
the earlier, and even more vital Temporary Hou-
sing Programme.
By 1944 it had become evident that,
however optimistic the forecast production of
permanent non-traditional houses after the war
might be, it would simply not be in place in time
to accommodate returning ex-servicemen and
war-workers, and those rendered homeless by
bombing. There was also the little matter of a
post-war election to deal with. In spite of
opposition from his Conservative colleagues to
the idea of compulsory land acquisition, Churchill
saw that delivering a programme of instant
‘homes from the factory’ could be a vote-winner.
In a major speech in the spring of 1944, he
unveiled the Portal Temporary Bungalow (M075)
as the answer to the housing crisis. Designed by
the Ministry of Works (MOW), and built from
pressed steel and plywood with an innovative
prefabricated kitchen/bathroom unit, it immedi-
ately caught the imagination of the public. “Mr
Churchill is a great man, he is winning the war, he
lays bricks in his spare time, so this tin-can house
of his must be all right was the popular attitude” 24.
There were, however, a few problems. The
prototype, erected at the Tate Gallery, proved
Reema Hollow Panel houses under construction.
to be severely prone to condensation in use.
More seriously, the car industry, which had been
earmarked for its production, did not possess
presses of sufficient size to manufacture the
steel panels: the first Portal house had to be
laboriously hand-built, and suitable presses
needed to be ordered from the United States.
Finally, the choice of both materials and
manufacturer did not find universal favour in
the National government: Stafford Cripps, the
Minister of Aircraft Production, strongly backed
the claims of the aircraft industry to carry out
the programme 25. And since Cripps had come
close to tying with Anthony Eden as a
successor to Churchill in a 1941 opinion poll,
his was a voice to be reckoned with.
For architects like Hugh Casson, who had
observed the success of the wartime pro-
gramme of prefabricated housing for war-workers
in the United States, the Temporary Housing Pro-
gramme was a vindication of all they had fought
for. “At this moment when we are embarking
upon the largest housing programme in history, the
full significance of this American solution needs
no emphasis“ 26. Yet, ironically, it was the 850
timber-framed houses supplied under ‘lend-lease’
by the Federal National Housing Agency which were
to prove the only real failure of the programme,
and the only ones to last less than the 10 years
theoretical design life of the 11 house types
eventually chosen for the programme 27.
In the event, it was the Aircraft Industries
Research Organisation on Housing (AIROH) which
was to build nearly half the 124,455 ‘prefabs’
that were eventually delivered before the termi-
nation of the programme in 1948. The ‘Aluminium
Bungalow’ was certainly the most technologically
advanced of all these: factory-built on an assem-
bly line in four fully-finished sections, and fitted
with the MOW kitchen/bathroom unit destined
for the unfortunate Portal, whose fate had been
sealed by the advent of the 1945 Labour govern-
ment, with Cripps as Minister of Trade.
In a rational world, there would have been
but one house type chosen for the programme,
and that would have been the AIROH Temporary
Bungalow (M002). But the fatal British in -
cli nation to have ‘some of this, and some of
that’ triumphed again, as it did in the Permanent
Introduction
Prefabrication Programme 28, wasting the advan-
tages of economy of scale. As a result, the Gird-
wood Committee of the Ministry of Health,
reporting in 1948, found “no evidence as yet that
any substantial saving in cost has accrued from
the use of the prefabricated or non-traditional
systems of construction so far developed”.
In strict cash terms this was correct. How-
ever, were the same study to be done today, it
would undoubtedly also quantify the social and
health benefits, and reductions in loan charges,
that accrued from the 450,000 dwellings erected
under the temporary and permanent prefabrica-
tion programmes in the decade following 1945,
due to speedy access to a decent home 29. An
analysis carried out within the National Building
Agency in 1965 showed that the peak produc-
tion years for non-traditional dwellings – 1947
and 1953 – correlated exactly with the high
points in housing productivity during this period,
measured in man-hours per dwelling per annum.
Seen in this light, the balance sheet might have
looked rather different.
The prototype AIROH Temporary Bungalow is erected in
Oxford Street.
The final solution?
1954 was a high water mark for housing pro-
duction in the UK, with just under 350,000
dwellings completed. From then on, output drop-
ped steadily, before stabilising at a plateau of
around 300,000 in 1960. Yet the need for new
housing was as pressing as ever. An article in
The Times of 2 February of that year revealed
that 90% of the original ‘prefabs’ were still in use,
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Introduction
and a spokesman for Birmingham City Council
spelled out why. There were 60,000–70,000
people on the council’s waiting list for houses
“and in that situation you don’t pull down tempo-
rary houses that are still habitable and certainly a
great deal better than slum property” 30.
Once again, the government looked to alter-
native methods of construction to put them
ahead in the bidding match with the Labour Party
on housing targets. In December 1963, in a some-
what ill-judged turn of phrase, the Housing
Minister, Sir Keith Joseph, announced the “final
solution” to the housing problem. ‘Industrialised
building’ would fill the gap between the magic
figure of 500,000 homes a year, and current
output. A new National Building Agency (NBA)
would issue appraisal certificates for systems
to be used by local authorities, and provide
guidance on their appropriateness for particular
requirements.
In a paper 31 given in March of the following
year, shortly before his departure to the NBA,
Cleeve Barr, Chief Architect to the Ministry of
Housing and Local Government, spelled out the
rationale behind the programme. He was careful
not to promise dramatic savings in expenditure.
“In terms of costs alone it is extremely difficult to
compete with traditional building”. Where these
new methods of construction would score would
be in speed and productivity, helping to offset
any drain of labour from housebuilding to other
sectors of the construction industry.
They would also offer significant improve-
ments in space standards, better heating and
thermal insulation, and greater flexibility in living
areas, since “the majority of systems are linked
with plan types based on the Parker Morris
standards” 32. Understandably, he omitted to
mention that it was his own Ministry which, with
Harold Macmillan’s ‘People’s House’ of the 1950s,
had significantly reduced the (roughly equivalent)
space standards set out in the 1947 Ministry of
Health Housing Manual.
The fall of the Conservative administration
later that year had little effect on the programme:
if anything, it accelerated its implementation.
Harold Wilson had promised the “white heat of
technology”, and the Industrialised Building
Drive, as it was now called, fitted neatly into this
xx
scenario, with a new Ministry of Technology
taking the Building Research Station under its
wing. Circular 76/65 in the following year set a
target of 500,000 houses a year by 1970, with
local authorities building 40% of their output
by industrialised methods which would be “ex-
pected” to use plans incorporating Parker Morris
standards.
In reality, ‘houses’ was something of a mis-
nomer. When the NBA started work, practi-
cally the only industrialised systems available
Roften steel framed houses under construction.
were large panel precast concrete systems
bought in from Continental Europe, such as
Larsen-Neilsen, Camus and Jespersen. The
pattern of post-war reconstruction there had
followed quite a different path from that in the
UK, with high rise construction the norm, and
little interest in ‘cottage’ housing on the UK
model 33, at least in terms of non-traditional
construction.
So from the start the bias was towards high
and medium rise flats, a pattern which was to
continue right through to 1975, even after the
subsidy reforms of 1967 which effectively rang
the death-knell for the tower block, sealed by the
partial collapse of Ronan Point the following year.
The need for large, phased contracts to achieve
economies of scale meant that urban local auth-
orities were locked into programmes of many
years’ duration. The juggernaut, once started,
had acquired a momentum all of its own 34.
However, by 1964 the Ministry had adapted
the Jespersen system for two storey houses in
Oldham, where it was known as Jespersen 12M
(P067), and produced its own steel framed sys-
tem in a team under the leadership of Pat Tindale
(MOHLG 5M (M064)). The appearance of ‘M’ (for
‘Module’) signals a return to the preoccupations
of architects in the 1940s with dimensionally co-
ordinated components. Although a changeover
to the metric system of measurement was to be
many years away, pressure groups like the
Modular Society saw as the next best thing the
adoption of the four inch module, which roughly
approximated to 100 mm.
‘5M’ therefore stood for a 1'8" dimensional
grid, while ‘12M’ (4'0") also related to the stan-
dard Imperial sheet material size of 8'0" x 4'0".
The idea was that components should be readily
interchangeable. Instead of ‘closed’ systems,
where only the system manufacturer’s compo-
nents would fit, ‘open’ systems would allow the
use of a multiplicity of products. The 5M system
was described by the Ministry as a “non-
proprietary system…designed primarily for use
by the smaller builder”, and was derived from
the successful light steel CLASP system of
school construction, initiated by Donald Gibson in
the 1950s.
Introduction
Modules and Metric Shells
Although nearly 3500 5M houses were built
between 1964 and 1970, the system cannot be
accounted a great success. The need to accom-
modate as many alternative cladding systems as
possible meant that, structurally, it was over
designed, and an unnecessarily large number of
joints had to be accommodated, with the
associated risk of water penetration 35. Unkind
commentators have suggested that, like the
later versions of its progenitor, CLASP, the 5M
house could easily have stood up without the
assistance of its steel frame.
Meanwhile, the NBA pressed ahead with the
appraisal of other proposals for two and three
storey houses, paying particular regard to modu-
lar co-ordination and the use of preferred plans.
By 1968 it had issued certificates for 42 sys-
tems, and another 34 were undergoing app-
raisal. Of these, 24 utilised precast concrete, 4
in-situ concrete, 23 were timber framed, 10 were
steel framed, and the remaining 15 were of
‘rationalised traditional’ construction.
This last category was a comparatively
recent arrival. As the name suggests, systems of
this type used traditional masonry crosswalls to
support timber floors and roofs: the factory-made
timber framed infill panels at front and rear were
non-loadbearing. Such house types are therefore
outside the scope of this book, but a list of
known rationalised traditional (or ‘Rat-Trad’) sys-
tems is included in Appendix C. Confusingly, some
precast concrete, in-situ concrete or timber frame
crosswall systems offered traditional masonry as
an alternative, so the name alone will not
necessarily provide identification of the structural
system employed.
The common factor in most approved
systems was the wide range of claddings avail-
able. Walls might be of brick, tile-hung or boarded:
roofs could be gabled, monopitch or flat. This
diversity was deliberately encouraged by the
NBA: they saw a range of choice in terms of
appearance as the best way of extending the use
of non-traditional construction into the private
sector. However, with the exception of most of
the heavy concrete systems, this can make
visual identification very difficult: the same house
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Introduction
type can appear in a New Town with a flat roof
and simple lightweight cladding, and on a private
estate with a pitched roof and a proliferation of
brick and tile finishes.
One area in which the NBA did not encour-
age diversity, at least in the public sector, was
that of internal planning. In 1968, in preparation
for the changeover to metric dimensioning by
1972, they published a book of preferred Metric
House Shells. The Ministry of Housing’s Circular
69/69 explained why. “This provides an oppor-
tunity, which may never recur, for bringing about
a significant reduction in the great variety of two-
storey house plans used by local authorities…
Variety in house design is of course necessary
for many reasons…But none of these require-
ments calls for the enormous numbers of plans
now in use.”
Once again, cost factors had pointed up the
conflict between the house as a product, and as
a playground for designers, which Geoffrey
Hutton had identified in 1964. “There cannot be
so many satisfactory solutions for buildings serv-
ing as equipment for a task, and our failure to
identify the forms can only be due to ignorance
of the activities involved on the part of both the
client and his architect” 36.
1970 was to see the peak of non-traditional
construction, with 55,701 dwellings completed.
From then on, as the economic situation wor-
sened, production tailed off to less than half that
number in 1975, much of it, as already explained,
consisting of long running contracts. Anthony
Crosland’s blunt comment in 1975, as Secretary
of State for the Department of the Environment,
that “the party’s over” only confirmed what most
local authorities must have known already.
Indeed, the NBA’s appraisal role had been termi-
nated in 1972, and its advisory functions were
now only available on a fee-paying basis.
Nevertheless, by 1975 some 418,000 non-
traditional dwellings had been erected by local
authorities in England and Wales alone, and there
can be no doubt that the industrialised building
drive did make a significant contribution to the
physical improvement of the nation’s housing
stock. The social consequences of an early con-
centration on high and medium rise flats were, of
course, already proving much more debatable;
xxii
not least, as Muthesius and Glendinning have made
clear 37, because of the access they provided to
a rather broader social spectrum of potential
tenants than hitherto.
Partly as a result of this, from 1973 onwards
such public sector housing investment as survived
the economic downturn and the Conservative
party’s return to power in 1979 was mainly con-
centrated on the improvement of existing stock,
while in the private sector the sole relic of non-
traditional construction was to be found in the
limited use of timber frame. Even this was effect-
ively killed off by a scare television programme in
1983. The allegations subsequently proved to be
unfounded 38, but by then the damage was done,
and the idea of ‘homes from the factory’ was to
lie dormant for the next 15 years.
Medway Type I timber framed houses under
construction.
Hindsight
If we had access to a time machine, and could
roam back over the last 50 years, where would
we go? To Sir Ernest Moir, perhaps, to chide his
Committee for their insouciant approach to evalu-
ation? And then on to Sir George Burt, to congratu-
late him on avoiding his predecessor’s pitfalls,
but warn him of the dangers of ‘some of this and
some of that’? Or we might bang a few of the
squabbling wartime Ministries’ heads together,
and suggest that the clear priorities of the Tem-
porary Housing Programme demanded an equally
single-minded approach to production.
We could suggest to enthusiasts for modular
co-ordination that more joints might mean more
leaks; or whisper in Sir Edwin Airey’s ear the
single word ‘carbonation’. And we could warn
Geoffrey Hutton that his dream of a “completely
finished and equipped building as an end product
from which the first user tears the plastic
wrapping” 39 might be some 40 years away from
reality. Or we might even parade a group of dis-
gruntled tenants before a hapless Keith Joseph,
bearing placards (handily provided by a daytime
television programme) inscribed “Get us out of
this Hell”, and “They call it Alcatraz”.
But, as any devotee of science fiction will
know, dramatic interventions in the course of his-
tory rarely have the anticipated effect. The com-
plex social, political and economic factors which
shaped the evolution of non-traditional housing in
this country were not susceptible to such simplis-
tic adjustment; and, in retrospect, it is probably
just as well that this should have been the case.
For they did produce a wealth of case
studies unique to the UK, from which valuable les-
sons can be drawn. They demonstrated that,
given the will, manufacturers and government can
work together to radically alter for the better our
expectations of what that multi-function living-
machine which we call the house should provide.
And, through a ‘wasteful’ diversity of house types,
they paradoxically ensured that the relatively few
design mistakes that have been made have not
had major economic and social consequences.
In fact, BRE’s research shows that, with these
very few exceptions, non-traditional houses built
since 1918 have performed overall just as well
as their traditionally built counterparts; and that
almost all of them have lasted, or are set to last,
the full length of 60 years set as a loan period for
local authority investment back in the 1920s.
Indeed, they have demonstrated the question-
able nature of such arbitrary requirements, when
it is becoming evident that social and locational
obsolescence is becoming much more of a
problem in housing than physical durability 40.
Now, for the fourth time in 50 years, we
again have a crisis in housing supply, albeit one
that appears to be regionally concentrated. Once
again, we have an undermanned, underskilled
housebuilding industry, with an output barely half
that achieved in the 1960s. And, once more, we
have a determination by the government of the
day to introduce a step-change in housing pro-
duction, involving radical reforms in the design
Introduction
Macrae Plus volumetric timber framed houses under
construction.
and construction chain. What are the chances of
success this time?
Many of the omens are good. Gone is the
obsession with go-anywhere build-anything sys-
tems, whether ‘open’ or ‘closed’. Instead, we see
a concentration on the development of structural
systems in light steel or timber for application to
specific housing types, for which Geoffrey Hutton
called in 1964. Materials are being exploited for
their inherent advantages – steel and timber for
internal planning flexibility and speed of erection,
precast concrete for acoustic and thermal per-
formance – rather than being forced into unsuit-
able roles.
A rational approach to external skins has en-
couraged the development of multi-layered
rainscreens rather than claddings which depend
on the success or failure of a single joint. ‘All in
one’ roofs which allow speedy on-site weather
protection have made an appearance, as have
prefabricated bathroom modules. And, at a
larger scale, volumetric construction, first pro-
posed by Wells Coates in 1946, and developed
by firms like Calders, Hallam and Macrae in the
1960s, has finally come of age, allowing high
performance factory-finished dwellings to be
erected with a minimum of on-site labour.
On the minus side, there still remains a
lurking belief that the endemic and longstanding
structural problems of the UK housebuilding
industry can be conveniently disregarded; that
‘homes from the factory’ will somehow compen-
sate for the lack of skilled labour. But, as Sir John
Egan has made clear 41, partnering in design,
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Introduction
manufacturing and construction cannot succeed
unless the on-site workforce is equally integrated
into the process at comparable levels of skill.
The experience elsewhere in Europe is that
successful innovation requires a much higher
level of education and training than that associ-
ated with traditional construction. Site operatives
need to be able to reach beyond traditional
‘trades’ to embrace a multiplicity of skills, and to
be equipped to take informed decisions at their
own level. And, for government and industry to
make the necessary investment, a continuing
Notes
1 In Prefabrication: a history of its development
in Great Britain, HMSO, 1965: still the classic work
on the subject. [The book is reproduced on the
accompanying CD ROM.]
2 Most notably in the Lascelles post and panel
system, used by Norman Shaw in 1878; and in J A
Brodie’s Liverpool System of 1904. See ‘An early
system of large-panel building’, Richard Moore,
RIBA Journal, September 1969.
3 Concrete Cottages Bungalows and Garages,
Albert Lakeman, Concrete Publications Ltd, 1918.
The first edition leans heavily on American examples,
but by the second edition of 1924 the author was
able to document a wide range of British systems.
4 Building in the British economy between the
Wars, Harry W Richardson and Derek H Aldcroft,
Allen and Unwin, 1968.
5 The Moir Committee identified 486 derelict
brickyards at the end of the War, of which only
208 were capable of re-opening.
6 Housing, Ministry of Health Housing Depart-
ment, July 1919 to June 1921.
7 Usually referred to as the Moir Report. In fact,
the committee produced three later, and much
shorter, interim reports, but never appears to have
produced a final report. [The report is reproduced
on the accompanying CD ROM.]
8 See, in particular, Housing, op. cit. Vol II, No. 35,
pp119–24.
9 Who experimented on a large scale with timber
framed, steel framed, precast concrete and in-situ
concrete systems on their ‘out-County’ Becontree,
Castelnau, Downham and Watling estates. For an
oral history of these estates, illustrated with many
archive photographs, see Just like the Country, Ed.
xxiv
pattern of economic stability is required. Without
all this, the current administration’s ambitious
plans are in danger of going the same way as
those of its predecessors.
These concerns may prove baseless. But
history is a stern judge, and will not lightly forgive
a failure to learn from experience, not once, not
twice, but three times in succession.
Stephen Mullin
London 2004
Antonia Rubinstein, Andy Andrews, Pam Schweitzer,
Age Exchange, 1991.
10 Housing, op. cit. Vol II, No. 27, pp142–5
11 Report of the Sub-Committee to the Housing
Committee of Norwich City Council, 21 October
1924. Quoted in Concrete Houses in Norwich,
S Potter, unpublished thesis, 1978.
12 By John Burchard 2nd in the supplement to
The evolving house Vol III: Rational design, A F
Bemis, MIT Press and Batsford, 1936. The supple-
ment contains an extensive list of prefabricated
systems in use in the USA and Britain at the time,
with detailed technical descriptions and drawings.
13 Prefabrication, op. cit. p88.
14 In England and the Octopus, Clough Williams-
Ellis, Geoffrey Bles, 1928
15 The Dymaxion Deployment Unit, developed
from grain silo construction and a forerunner of the
Wichita House, did in fact later go into limited pro-
duction and deployment for the US Army. See My
Private Sky, Ed. Joachim Krause and Claude Lich-
tenstein, Lars Muller, pp212–7.
16 Prefabrication, op. cit. p154.
17 Developments in post-war housing in 1944,
Richard Sheppard, The Architects’ Journal, 18
January 1945.
18 Architectural Design and Construction launched a
monthly Housing Forum in January 1943, starting with
a summary of the Tudor Walters report and the 1919
Housing Acts entitled 20 years of housing progress.
19 See Demonstration Houses, HMSO, 1944, for
a detailed account of the house types involved.
20 The BISF houses Types A and B still exist on
the Northolt site, as does the more radical Type C
(M019) which utilised pressed steel construction.
The Type C , much mutilated now like the Types A
and B , is not recorded in Demonstration Houses,
and was a later addition to the site, as were the
prototype Orlit houses (P091, P092) next door.
21 Altogether, by 1 October 1945, a staggering
1342 proposals had been received by the Ministry
of Works and the Building Research Station for
evaluation. Of these, 84 had received experimental
building licences, and 28 prototype houses had
been completed.
22 And was later built in the Netherlands, albeit
with a different type of cladding. See Tuindorp
Kethel Schiedam, Hans van der Heijden and Barbara
Klomp, THOTH, 2004. Wates houses were also
built in Morocco for the French colonial govern-
ment: see 29 below for the publication reference.
This cross-Channel exchange of technology was
anticipated in the early 1920s with the adoption by
the Municipality of Amsterdam of the Winget and
Dorlonco systems in their experiments with pre-
fabricated construction, later reciprocated in the
use of the Dutch Occident system (ADP001) for
the construction of the first large panel system (LPS)
houses in the UK at Cambridge. The Dutch appear
to have had much the same problems with the
building trades unions as their British counterparts.
See Concrete and Constructional Engineering Vol
XX no.3, 1925, and Vol XXII 1927.
23 The prototypes were indeed referred to in the
press as ‘Mulberry Houses’.
24 Developments in post-war housing in 1944,
op. cit.
25 I am indebted to Ged Robinson for access to
her research on the Portal house.
26 Homes by the Million, Hugh Casson, Penguin,
1946.
27 Except for the AIROH bungalow, which later
suffered from electrolytic corrosion due to impuri-
ties in the aircraft grade scrap aluminium used,
examples of all the other ‘temporary’ bungalows
still survive to this day.
28 The Third Report of the Burt Committee, pub-
lished in 1948 as Post-War Building Studies No. 25,
lists 101 systems considered suitable for develop-
ment and use by local authorities. [The three reports
of the Committee are reproduced on the accom-
panying CD ROM.]
29 “As an example of the speed with which Wates
houses can be built, five houses were recently
commissioned by a local authority in London were
Introduction
handed over exactly nine weeks after building
began, whilst in an another London area a pair of
houses was started and finished in twenty-two
working days”. Concrete Quarterly, January 1949.
30 The London County Council still had more than
8000 ‘prefabs’ within its administrative boundaries
and actually revived the temporary housing concept
with the LCC Mobile (T071), a sectional timber
framed bungalow, designed to be transported, as
the name suggests, to other vacant sites as the one
it occupied became required for permanent housing.
In reality, the cost of site preparation, services and
removal meant that this option was rarely exercised.
31 Housing from the Factory: Progress Report
1964, at the Royal Institute of British Architects,
10 March 1964.
32 In fact, it was not until 1967 that Parker Morris
standards became mandatory for all public sector
housing, as part of the change in subsidy arrange-
ments.
33 The post-war UK programme did include a
sizeable number of flats, but these were in the
main low rise walk-ups, usually in poured concrete
(Easiform, Wimpey No-Fines (S063)), although a
13-storey block was proposed in a Unity brochure,
and the Reema Hollow Panel system was used for
high-rise blocks in Leeds in the 1950s.
34 A comprehensive account is given in Tower
Block: Modern Public Housing in England, Scotland,
Wales and Northern Ireland, Stefan Muthesius and
Miles Glendinning, Yale U P, 1994.
35 “Although in terms of machine production it is
not exactly true to say that every hole in a Meccano
set costs money, nevertheless such redundancy of
structural facility and material is uneconomic”.
Geoffrey Hutton in ‘Pre-IBSAC Symposium’, The
Architects’ Journal, 24 June 1964.
36 The Architects’ Journal, 24 June 1964, op. cit.
37 In Tower Block, op. cit.
38 See Moisture conditions in the walls of timber-
framed housing, BRE Report 228, 1992.
39 The Architects’ Journal, 24 June 1964, op. cit.
40 “But perhaps the real challenge lies in persua-
ding owners that their ownership responsibilities
involve replacement – either of the entire asset, or
of key components – rather than continual repair
and maintenance”. ‘How long should housing last?’,
James L Meikle and John D Connaughton, Con-
struction Management and Economics, 1994 (12).
41 In Rethinking Construction, DETR, London, 1998.
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Acronyms How to use this book

BRE Building Research Establishment ODPM Office of the Deputy Prime Minister Systems described in the Handbook are The Search Engine classifies all the systems
BRS Building Research Station PC Precast concrete grouped into four sections classified by form of covered by the Handbook by Construction
CIBSA The Comprehensive Industrialised PRC Precast reinforced concrete construction: Metal Framed Houses (prefixed Class, by the Local Authorities and Regions in
Building Systems Annual ‘M’ in the numbered reference to each system), whose area the system has been reported, by
PS Pressed steel
DOE Department of the Environment Precast Concrete Houses (prefixed ‘P’), In-Situ Name or Alternative Name(s), and by Identifi-
PSA Pressed steel angle Concrete Houses (prefixed ‘S’) and Timber cation Characteristics. Any or all of these classi-
DPC Damp proof course PSRC Prestressed reinforced concrete Framed Houses (prefixed ‘T’). In each case, the fications can be used in combination to narrow
DPM Damp proof membrane PVC Polyvinyl chloride class of construction refers to the loadbearing down the search, depending on the amount of
GRP Glassfibre reinforced plastics PWBS Post-War Building Studies structure of the dwelling, which will not necess- information available.
HAC High alumina cement RC Reinforced concrete arily be of the same material(s) as the external The lists of house types by Local Authority
HT High tensile visible cladding. are drawn from a number of surveys carried out
RS Rolled steel
IBSAC The Industrialised Building Systems The guide overleaf explains in detail the since 1980 for the (then) Department of the
RSA Rolled steel angle function of the text, photograph and isometric Environment, and the Northern Ireland, Scottish
and Components Magazine
RSC Rolled steel channel drawing in each double page spread. Where and Welsh Offices, supplemented by BRE’s own
MOHLG Ministry of Housing and Local
RSJ Rolled steel joist sufficient information on a particular house type research and information provided by others.
Government
RST Rolled steel T-section is not available to provide either a photograph Although every effort has been made to ensure
MOW Ministry of Works
SS Stainless steel or a drawing, the system is included in an that this information is correct, it should not
MS Mild steel Appendix at the end of the construction class necessarily be assumed that it is fully compre-
T&G Tongued and grooved (boarding)
NBA National Building Agency section, and further prefixed ‘A’ (e.g. numbered hensive. Where the information received does
TRADA Timber Research and Development references to the Appendix to Metal Framed not fully specify a named system (e.g. Unity), all
NBS National Building Studies
Association
NHBC National House-Building Council Houses are prefixed ‘AM’). possible systems are listed (e.g. Unity Type I,
NTHSc A Guide to Non-traditional and Colour photographs have been taken within Unity Type II).
Temporary Housing in Scotland the last 20 years. Those in black and white are The CD inside the back cover of the book
(1923-1955). HMSO, 1987, 2001. from archive material. contains copies of key reports on non-traditional
While in some cases it will be possible to housing published by BRE and its predecessors,
identify a particular system through the name and by central government. These are referen-
only, because of the multiplicity of alternative ced in the text and listed in the References
names used for many systems, or because this section on pages xxxii–xxxiv.
information is not available, in the majority of Another CD (Ref: AP 149) is available from
cases it will be necessary to use the Search BRE Bookshop, which contains over 80 BRE
Engine on the CD that accompanies this book to reports on particular house types. Details are
arrive at a definitive identification. given on page xlii.

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How to use this book
Each house type is listed alphabetically by Name, and numerically by the Reference in the top
right hand corner. The name is that most commonly used by the manufacturer. The suffixes
‘Mk’ and ‘No’ are those used by the manufacturer. The suffix ‘Type’ is used to differentiate
between different forms of construction covered by the same manufacturer’s name.
Orlit Type II
Manufacturer: Orlit Ltd
Designer:
Period built: 1940s–1950s
Number built: 17,000 (Types I and II)
Numbers built are drawn from various sources;
although every effort has been made to verify the
figures, their accuracy cannot be guaranteed.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced
houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles or flat roof
covered with asphalt or bituminous felt.
External walls of PRC slabs throughout.
Gable apex tile hanging.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 36
PWBS No. 25
References list reports and journal articles for
each house type. For details see pages xxxii–xxxiv.
Identification Characteristics lists features in standard
format to help visual identification. ‘Chalet bungalows’ refer to
2-storey houses with the upper floor rooms wholly contained
within a gabled or hipped roof pitch.
Roof pitches are: ‘STEEP’, 45° or greater; ‘MEDIUM’, between
23° and 44°; or ‘SHALLOW’, less than 23°. Claddings listed are
those known to have been used in the original construction:
they do not include those used in subsequent alterations.
xxviii
How to use this book
Each house type is identified numerically by the Reference number in the
top right hand corner. M indicates metal framed houses, P precast concrete
houses, S in-situ concrete houses and T timber framed houses. Reference
numbers for houses listed in the Appendix to each part are prefixed by ‘A’.
Alternative names known to P092
have been used are listed.
Alternative name: Orlit
Names of the Manufacturer(s) and Designer(s),
where known, are given.
Where dates for Period built are available, these are
listed; otherwise dating is by decade (e.g. ‘1960s’). The cutaway Isometric
Construction Drawing is
keyed by number to the
Construction notes. The
form of construction shown
in the drawing and described
in the notes is that most
commonly found.
If the house type has been
investigated by BRE the
notes are based on the BRE
The Photograph shows a representative investigation. Otherwise,
view of the house type. However, many they are drawn from
house types used a variety of claddings various published and
(see Identification Characteristics and unpublished sources, and
Variants). In addition the house may have their accuracy cannot be
been re-clad (see Designated defective guaranteed.
houses, overleaf).
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS
The Designated defective
Substructure: Pad foundations [1]. PC stub columns Flat roof of profiled PRC eaves units, screed and asphalt
stamp is explained overleaf. cast into foundations [2]. or bituminous felt.
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
Frame: 5 1/2" x 5 1/2" PRC columns with integral beam
Main PRC columns and beams have only up to 30 mm stubs [3] and bolted steel flange connectors [4]. 7 1/2"
cover, carbonation depths 10–20 mm and sometimes PRC primary [5] and secondary [6] beams with
significant chloride content. concrete cover [7].
External walls: 2" PC base bonding units [8], 2" PC
Variations from this form of construction
Cracking of OPC and HAC stitches.
Low quality HAC concrete in stitches. slabs [9], 2 1/2" lightweight PC slabs [10], timber framing known to exist are listed in Variants.
Cracking of secondary beams and carbonation depths lined with plasterboard [11]. Galvanised ties [12].
up to 20 mm. Separating wall: PRC frame infilled with foamed slag
aggregate concrete blocks.
Significant levels of chloride in beams.
Partitions: Lightweight concrete slabs. Most of house types were designed using
Deterioration of other PRC components.
Ground floor: Concrete. Imperial measurements, so most dimensions
First floor: Timber boarding on timber beams [13] on
The system was also used for flats.
PRC secondary beams.
are given in feet and inches. For the very few
Ceilings: Plasterboard. systems built to Metric measurements, Metric
Roof: PRC beams, timber wall plates, timber trusses
and purlins and tiles.
dimensions are used.
If the house type has been investigated by BRE
Notes for Surveyors lists defects found. Such Construction information is presented in a A key to the Acronyms used for components
defects will not necessarily have been encoun- consistent format for each house type, and materials is on page xxvi.
tered in every house surveyed, and they are generally moving upward from the foundations
listed to alert surveyors to areas requiring par- to the roof, and from the outside inward.
ticular examination. If the house type has not Dimensions of components are shown in the
been investigated by BRE, this is noted, with order height x width x depth.
references to appropriate BRE publications on
survey and assessment.
If the system is known to have been used
for flats, this is noted. The construction for
flats may not be identical to that for houses.
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Designated defective houses
In the early 1980s, investigation of fire damage
to an Airey house revealed cracking to the
structural PRC columns caused by inadequate
cover to the embedded steel reinforcement
and chemical changes to the surrounding con-
crete. Subsequent investigations by BRE
showed that a number of other house types
built in the immediate postwar period exhibited
similar defects, and that these would eventually
lead to structural failure.
Accordingly, in 1984 the Government
brought forward legislation to compensate
owners who had bought, in good faith, houses
from the public sector with serious structural
defects which could not have been known
about, or discovered on survey, at time of pur-
chase. The Housing Defects Legislation (now
Part XVI of the Housing Act 1985) allowed the
Secretary of State to designate particular
dwelling types as inherently defective, and em-
powered local authorities to operate a Scheme
of Assistance for eligible owners, either by way
of repurchase or by way of reinstatement
(‘repair’). Over 28,000 households were aided
under the Scheme of Assistance which is now
substantially complete, with only a tiny handful
of eligible properties remaining to be or repur-
chased or reinstated."
Most ‘repairs’ were carried out using sys-
tems of reinstatement licensed, inspected and
certificated by PRC Homes Ltd, a wholly owned
subsidiary of NHBC, but not all owners used
this route, and in addition some local auth-
orities carried out ‘partial repairs’ to their own
stock which did not remove all the defective
PRC structural elements from the dwelling.
Surveyors encountering a house type which
has been Designated Defective are therefore
advised to check whether any ‘repairs’ carried
out were in accordance with a PRC Homes Ltd
licensed system, and certificated as such. PRC
Homes Ltd was wound up in 1996. After that,
xxx
Designated defective houses
Thirty house types were eventually desig- stantially in accordance with the construction
nated as inherently defective, in separate shown in the designation documents for
legislation in England, Wales, Scotland and Dorran (P046) and Woolaway (P138) houses,
Northern Ireland. The subsequent BRE research respectively.
programme into all non-traditional housing re- Under the ‘Notes for surveyors’ on the
vealed no further house types which met the relevant pages, a warning symbol appears:
houses repaired under licensed systems were Government’s criteria for designation. However, DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
generally accepted for mortgage purposes it should be noted that designation was by
with an ordinary NHBC warranty." reference to a construction drawing forming The house types listed below are designa-
The legislation did not allow for any ‘better- part of the Order, rather than a named house ted as inherently defective under the Housing
ment’ during reinstatement, and therefore while, type, and some local authorities have deter- Defects legislation (they are shown under the
superficially, the appearance of a reinstated mined that the construction of Lilleshall (P075) names and reference numbers listed in the
house may have changed dramatically, key and Cheecol Keeland (P035) houses is sub- Handbook):
identification characteristics such as window
and door openings, and roof pitch, will remain
Airey (P003) Schindler (S049)
constant, as demonstrated in the Before and
Ayrshire County Council (P010) Smith (P107)
After photographs of the houses below. Once
Blackburn Orlit (P024) Stent (P110)
again, it needs to be stressed that the pre-
Boot Beaucrete (P025) Stonecrete (P113)
sence of a new brick skin on such a house
Boot Pier and Panel (P026) Tarran Temporary Bungalow (P115)
does not of itself signify that the house has
Boswell (S007) Tee Beam (P117)
been reinstated in such a way that it is
Cornish Unit Type I (P039) Ulster Cottage (P122)
generally acceptable for mortgage purposes.
Cornish Unit Type II (P040) Underdown (P123)
Dorran (P046) Unitroy (P126)
Dyke (P047) Unity Type I (P127)
Gregory (P055) Unity Type II (P128)
Mac-Girling (P078) Waller (P129)
Myton (P087) Wates (P130)
Newland (P090) Wessex (P132)
Orlit (P091, P092) Whitson-Fairhurst (P134)
Parkinson (P094) Winget (P137)
Reema Hollow Panel (P101) WooIaway (P138)
Cornish Unit Type II (upper) and Airey (lower) houses
before and after repair.
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References
BRE REPORTS
These Reports are available in pdf format on a CD
ROM (Ref: AP 149) from BRE Bookshop.
BR 29 Airey houses: technical information
and guidance (1982)
BR 34 The structural condition of Boot pier
and panel cavity houses (1983)
BR 35 The structural condition of Cornish Unit
houses (1983)
BR 36 The structural condition of Orlit houses
(1983)
BR 37 The structural condition of Smith system
houses (1983)
BR 38 The structural condition of Unity houses
(1983)
BR 39 The structural condition of Wates prefabrica-
ted reinforced concrete houses (1983)
BR 40 The structural condition of Woolaway
houses (1983)
BR 50 The structural condition of Ayrshire County
Council (Lindsay) and Whitson-Fairhurst
houses (1984)
BR 51 The structural condition of Dorran, Myton,
Newland and Tarran houses (1984)
BR 52 The structural condition of Parkinson
Framed houses (1984)
BR 53 The structural condition of Reema hollow
panel system houses (1984)
BR 54 The structural condition of Stent houses
(1984)
BR 55 The structural condition of Underdown
and Winget houses (1984)
BR 63 Large panel systems: the structure of
Ronan Point and other Taylor Woodrow–
Anglian buildings (1985)
BR 71 Smith system houses in Sandwell, West
Midlands (1985)
BR 74 Large panel system dwellings: preliminary
information on ownership and condition
(1986)
BR 75 Carbonation depths in structural-quality
concrete (1986)
BR 77 The British Iron & Steel Federation steel
framed house (1986)
xxxii
BR 78 Howard steel framed houses (1986)
BR 93 Overcladding: external walls of large
panel system dwellings (1986)
BR 105 Boswell houses: investigation of
structural condition (1987)
BR 107 The structural adequacy and durability
of large panel system dwellings (1987)
Part 1: Investigations of construction
Part 2: Guidance on appraisal
[Summary in IP 8/87]
BR 110 Dorlonco steel framed houses (1987)
[See also BR 149]
BR 111 Thorncliffe cast-iron panel houses (1987)
BR 113 Steel framed and steel clad houses:
inspection and assessment (1987)
[Summary in IP 14/87]
BR 116 Reema large panel system dwellings:
constructional details (1987)
BR 118 Bison large panel system dwellings:
constructional details (1988)
BR 119 Roften steel framed houses (1988)
BR 120 Dennis-Wild steel framed houses (1988)
BR 130 The structural condition of Easiform
cavity-walled dwellings (1988)
BR 132 Cussins steel framed houses (1988)
BR 133 Livett-Cartwright steel framed houses
(1988)
BR 139 Cruden Rural steel-framed houses (1989)
BR 144 Falkiner–Nuttall steel-framed houses (1989)
BR 145 Crane steel-framed bungalows (1989)
BR 146 Trusteel Mk II steel-framed houses (1989)
BR 147 Trusteel 3M steel-framed houses (1989)
BR 148 Atholl steel-framed, steel-clad houses (1989)
BR 149 Dorlonco steel framed houses.
Supplement to BR 110 (1989)
BR 152 Hawthorn Leslie steel-framed houses (1989)
BR 153 The structural condition of Wimpey No-
Fines low-rise dwellings (1989)
BR 154 Improving the habitability of large panel
system dwellings (1989)
BR 155 Forrester–Marsh houses (1989)
BR 156 Cast Rendered No-Fines houses (1989)
BR 157 Incast houses (1989)
BR 158 Universal houses (1989)
BR 159 Fidler houses (1989)
BR 160 No-Fines houses (1989)
BR 161 BRS Type 4 houses (1989)
BR 163 Nissen–Petren steel-framed houses (1990)
BR 185 Over-roofing: especially for large panel
system dwellings (1991)
BR 188 Lowton–Cubitt steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 189 Telford steel-clad houses (1991)
BR 190 Mowlem in-situ concrete low-rise
dwellings (1991)
BR 191 The renovation of no-fines housing: a
guide to the performance and rehabilita-
tion of loadbearing no-fines concrete
dwellings built using the Wimpey and
SSHA systems (1991)
BR 193 Cranwell steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 196 Birmingham Corporation steel-framed
houses (1991)
BR 197 Hills Presweld steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 198 Arcal steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 199 Homeville Industrialised steel-framed
houses (1991)
BR 200 5M steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 201 Arrowhead steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 202 British Housing steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 203 Keyhouse Unibuilt steel-framed houses
(1991)
BR 204 Open System Building steel-framed
houses (1991)
BR 205 Steane steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 214 Understanding and improving the
weathertightness of large panel system
dwellings (1992)
BR 217 Cowieson steel-clad houses (1992)
BR 218 Weir steel-clad (1920s) houses (1992)
BR 219 Stuart steel-framed houses (1992)
BR 221 Riley steel-framed houses (1992)
BR 222 Coventry Corporation steel-framed
houses (1992)
BR 228 Moisture conditions in the walls of timber-
framed housing (1992)
BR 233 Briefing guide for timber-framed housing
(1993)
BR 254 Repair and maintenance of reinforced
concrete (1994)
BR 275 The structural condition of early cast-in-
situ concrete low-rise dwellings (1996)
BR 282 Timber frame housing 1920–1975:
inspection and assessment (1995)
BR 283 Timber frame housing systems built in
the UK 1920–1965 (1995)
BR 284 Timber frame housing systems built in
the UK 1966–1975 (1995)
BR 318 The structural condition of cast-in-situ
concrete high-rise dwellings (1996)
References
BRE DIGESTS
Digest 405 Carbonation of concrete and its
effects on durability (1995)
Digest 444 Corrosion of steel in concrete (2000)
Part 1 Durability of reinforced concrete
structures, Part 2 Investigation and
assessment, Part 3 Protection and
remediation
BRE GOOD BUILDING GUIDES
GBG 11 Supplementary guidance for assess-
ment of timber frame housing: Part I
Inspection (1995)
GBG 12 Supplementary guidance for assess-
ment of timber frame housing: Part II
Interpretation (1995)
BRE INFORMATION AND OCCASIONAL PAPERS
IP 6/81 Carbonation of concrete made with dense
natural aggregates [in BR 107]
IP 10/84 The structural condition of prefabricated
concrete houses designed before 1960
IP 21/86 Determination of chloride and cement
contents of hardened concrete [in BR 107]
IP 8/87 The structural adequacy and durability of
large panel system dwellings: summary
of the report
IP 14/87 Inspecting steel houses
IP 15/87 Maintaining and improving steel houses
OP 5 Aid to identification: Dyke CCC houses (1986)
OP 6 Aid to identification: Mac-Girling houses
(1983)
OP 10 Aid to identification: Stonecrete houses
(1983)
OP 25 Blackburn-Orlit houses: technical infor-
mation (1984)
OP 34 Gregory houses: technical information
(1986)
OP 35 Hawksley SGS houses, technical
information (1986)
BRE ARCHIVE
Unpublished written information and drawings exist
at BRE. These may be consulted by special arrange-
ment with the BRE Librarian. The EP numbers
noted for some houses refer to the Burt Commit-
tee Experimental Panel reports and files.
In addition, short films of three housing sys-
tems under construction (Spooner, Wimpey No-
Fines, Woolaway) in the late 1940s are held in the
Archive.
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References
OTHER PUBLICATIONS [in chronological order]
PDF files of publications marked CD are included
on the CD ROM in the back of this book.
Moir Report CD
Ministry of Health. Particulars of systems of
house construction approved up to April 1920.
Report of the Committee on new methods of
house construction. London, HMSO. 44pp.
[The only report of value that survives from the
1920s. Contains drawings and photographs of
76 housing systems and 12 items of ancillary
equipment approved by the Ministry.]
PWBS No. 1 CD
Interdepartmental Committee on House Construction.
House Construction. Ministry of Works, Post-War
Building Studies No. 1. London, HMSO, 1944.
156pp. (Burt Committee 1st Report).
[Detailed information on 19 house types built
between 1919 and 1939.]
PWBS No. 23 CD
Interdepartmental Committee on House Construction.
House Construction, Second Report. Ministry of
Works, Post-War Building Studies No. 23. London,
HMSO, 1946. 84pp. (Burt Committee 2nd Report).
[Reports on the first tranche of proposals for
construction after the war, built in prototype
form and assessed. Includes photographs of
houses under construction.]
PWBS No. 25 CD
Interdepartmental Committee on House Construction.
House Construction, Third Report. Ministry of Works,
Post-War Building Studies No. 25. London, HMSO,
1948. (Burt Committee 3rd Report). 86pp.
[Reports on 10 house types, all approved for
use by local authorities. Includes photographs
of houses under construction.]
White R B, Prefabrication CD
Prefabrication. A history of its development in
Great Britain. National Building Studies, Special
Report No. 36. HMSO, London, 1965. 368pp +
52pp illus.
[Valuable narrative account of the technical and
political development of prefabrication up to
1962. Numerous photographs and references.]
xxxiv
NTHSc
Scottish Office Building Directorate. A Guide to
Non-traditional and Temporary Housing in Scotland
(1923-1955). Edinburgh, HMSO, 1987, reprinted
2001. 260pp.
[Covers more than 90 Scottish systems built
up to 1955. Company information and plans
are useful for identification purposes.]
Interbuild. System Building.
Published in 1963 and 1964 by Interbuild.
[Describes and illustrates 21 (1963) and 31
(1964) systems. Also covers European and
non-housing applications.]
IBSAC
The Industrialised Building Systems and Compo-
nents Magazine. Published between 1964 and
1970.
[Useful ‘snapshots’ of systems available at the
time of publication.]
CIBSA
Deeson A F L (ed). The Comprehensive Industrial-
ised Building Systems Annual. Product Journals,
West Wickham. Published annually between 1965
and 1970.
[Useful ‘snapshots’ of systems available at the
time of publication. Many of the entries include
a photograph or drawing.]
NBA and Scottish NBA
National Building Agency. Certificates were issued
between the mid-1960s and 1972. Dates of NBA
appraisal certificates are given where known. The
BRE collection of these certificates is not complete,
but a full set is thought to be housed in ODPM
Archives.
[Very detailed information and construction
drawings of proposed systems, which may
have been modified for production.]
NFBTE
British Systems Yearbook 1977–78. National
Federation of Building Trades Employers, London,
1977. 64pp.
[Brief information and photographs of 46
housing systems.]
Anthony, Hugh. Houses: Permanence and
Prefabrication, Pleiades Books, 1945. 64pp.
Bemis, A F. The evolving house. Vol. 3. Rational
design. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. and Batsford,
London, 1936.
[Includes descriptions of systems designed
and built in the UK in the 1920s.]
Building Research Station. Structural require-
ments for houses. National Building Studies
Special Report No. 1. London, HMSO, 1947.
Cox, B H. Prefabricated houses. London, 1945.
Demonstration Houses, HMSO, 1944.
[Detailed description of houses on the Ministry
of Works demonstration site at Northolt, London,
with many construction photographs.]
Hans van der Heijden and Barbara Klomp, Tuindorp
Kethel Schiedam, Thoth, Bussum, Netherlands, 2004.
[Contains a detailed account of the use of the
Airey system in the Netherlands.]
Lakeman, Albert. Concrete Cottages Bungalows and
Garages, Concrete Publications Ltd, 2nd edn 1924.
Madge, Charles (Ed.) Clarence Crescent, Pilot
Papers, Vol. I, No. 4, Pilot Press, 1946.
[Photo-journalist account of life on an estate of
Seco temporary bungalows.]
Madge, John (Ed.) Tomorrow’s Houses: new
building methods, structures and materials.
London, Pilot Press, 1946. 336pp.
Ministry of Health. Housing, Vols I and II: July
1919–June 1921.
Ministry of Works. New methods of house con-
struction (1945–47). National Building Studies
Special Report No. 4. London, HMSO, 1947.
[Analyses labour content and costs.]
Ministry of Works. New methods of house con-
struction, Second Report (1947–48). National
Building Studies Special Report No. 10. London,
HMSO, 1948.
Richardson, Harry W and Aldcroft, Derek H.
Building in the British Economy between the Wars,
Allen and Unwin, 1968.
Further reading
Rubinstein, Antonia, Andrews, Andy and Schweitzer,
Pam (Eds). Just like the Country, Age Exchange, 1991.
[Oral history of the LCC interwar cottage
estates, with many archive photographs of
non-traditional houses on the Becontree,
Downham and Watling Estates.]
Some new methods of construction: a brief
survey. The Structural Engineer, Vol. 03, 1925.
pp174–184.
[Various types of industrialised building briefly
described and illustrated.]
Saunders, C E. Some effects of prefabrication on
post war building. The Structural Engineer, Vol. 35,
No. 8 August 1957. pp277–296.
Sheppard, Richard. Prefabrication in Building,
Architectural Press, 1946. 148pp.
The corrosion of steel in steel houses. National
Building Studies Special Report No. 16. London,
HMSO, 1951. 44pp. CD
[Examines corrosion in steel clad and steel
framed houses built between 1920 and 1927.]
The durability of reinforced concrete in buildings.
National Building Studies Special Report No. 25.
London, HMSO, 1956.
Timber Development Association. Prefabricated
timber houses. A statement of the principles and
practice of prefabrication. London, [1944?], 26pp.
Timber Development Association. Prefabricated
timber houses. A review of constructional
methods, including in situ and prefabricated
constructions. London, 1947, 39pp.
Vale, Brenda. Prefabs: a history of the UK
temporary housing programme. London, Spon,
1995. 192pp.
Watson, Alexander. Demonstration Houses:
Sighthill, Edinburgh (1945–65), Scottish Special
Housing Association, Edinburgh, 1987. 92pp.
[A review of the housing stock built for experi-
mental and demonstration purposes at Sighthill,
Edinburgh, from 1945 to 1965, with plans and
construction details.]
xxxv
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List of house types List of house types

Appendix to Part One: P021 Bison Wall Frame
P022 Blackborrow
Metal framed houses
P023 Blackburn
Note: Some systems built with different materials have the same name. Use of the Index of AM001 Adams P024 Blackburn Orlit
AM002 Anchorloc P025 Boot Beaucrete
names and alternative names at the end of the book or the Search Engine on the accom- AM003 Anderson Permanent House P026 Boot Pier and Panel
panying CD ROM is therefore strongly recommended in searching for a particular house type. AM004 Arlon P027 Broadmead
AM005 Bailey Stratton P028 BRS L-shaped panels
AM006 Boyd P029 Bryant Low Rise
PART ONE: M052 IBIS AM007 Braby P030 Bryant Low Rise System 4
M053 Integer P031 Building Systems Ltd
METAL FRAMED HOUSES AM008 Braddock
M054 Kelvin AM009 Broadway P032 Camus
M001 AGB Modular 6 M055 Keyhouse Unibuilt AM010 Brodie P033 Carlton
M002 AIROH Temporary Bungalow M056 Kingstone AM011 Buckwyn P034 Channello
M003 Aluminium Bungalow BL8 M057 Langlands AM012 Canister P035 Cheecol Keeland
M004 Aluminium House M058 Liverpool Corporation AM013 Clements P036 Concept 4
M005 Arcal M059 Livett-Cartwright AM014 Copeland P037 Concrete Houses Ltd
M006 Arcon M060 Lowton-Cubitt AM015 Coseley P038 Cornish Flush Panel
M007 Arcon Temporary Bungalow M061 Macfarlane AM016 Fewac P039 Cornish Unit Type I
M008 Arrowhead M062 Mark AM017 Fillod P040 Cornish Unit Type II
M009 Atherton M063 Minox AM018 Fincast P041 Cosmos
M010 Atholl 1926 M064 MOHLG 5M AM019 Fromson P042 Costain
M011 Atholl 1945 M065 Mucklow Plan AM020 Intercon P043 Crosby
M012 Atholl 1951 M066 Multispan AM021 Mackay H & Sons P044 Dalcot
M013 Beanland No 1 M067 New Georgian AM022 MC2 P045 Domkonstruado
M014 Birmingham Corporation M068 Nissen-Petren AM023 Modform P046 Dorran
M015 Birmingham Corporation Type ST M069 Northern Ideal Homesteads AM024 Opperman P047 Dyke CCC
M016 BISF Type A M070 Nuttall Building System AM025 Parcrete P048 East Knowle Special
M017 BISF Type A1 M071 Nuttall Mk II AM026 Sanders-Foster P049 Fairweather
M018 BISF Type B M072 Open System Building AM027 Scott & Middleton P050 Falcon
M019 BISF Type C M073 Paragon AM028 Structural and Mechanical Engineering P051 Farlington Special
M020 B-J M074 Phoenix Temporary Bungalow AM029 Stuart Scheme II P052 Fram
M021 Braithwaite M075 Portal Temporary Bungalow AM030 Swiftplan Multiflex H P053 Glasgow Foamed Slag
M022 British Housing M076 Procol AM031 Thermostatic Steel House P054 GLE
M023 Buchan M077 Quality AM032 Town & Vale P055 Gregory
M024 Conatus M078 Reith AM033 Trellit P056 Gregory Industrialised
M025 Connell M079 Resiform AM034 TSB P057 Hamish Cross Type I
M026 Cornes M080 Riley AM035 Tubrick P058 Hamish Cross Type II
M027 Coventry Corporation M081 Roften AM036 Veneercraft P059 Hardy
M028 Craig Atholl M082 Rothschild AM037 Waldic P060 HDC
M029 Crane M083 Rotinoff P061 Hertsmere Special
M030 Cranwell M084 RTB Temporary Bungalow PART TWO: P062 Hexham Special
M031 Cruden M085 Rubery Owen P063 Howells
M086 Seco
PRECAST CONCRETE HOUSES P064 HSSB
M032 Cussins
M033 Denis Poulton M087 Shipston Aluminium P001 Adams H1 P065 Industricon
M034 Dennis M088 Spaceway P002 Adams HVA3 P066 Jansel
M035 Dennis-Wild M089 Steane P003 Airey P067 Jespersen 12M
M036 Discus M090 Stewart & Lloyd P004 Alcrete P068 Kenkast
M037 Dorlonco M091 Stuart P005 AMcK P069 Ketton
M038 Duplex Sheath M092 Symplex P006 Anglia Type A P070 Kincorth Mk III
M039 Falkiner Nuttall M093 Telford P007 Argyll P071 Kingsthorne Special
M040 Formula M094 Thames P008 Arrow P072 Lecaplan Type A
M041 Gateshead Corporation M095 Thorncliffe P009 Atlas Stone P073 Lecaplan Type B
M042 Gee Walker & Slater M096 Trusteel 3M P010 Ayrshire County Council P074 Lightning Construction
M043 Grenfell Baines M097 Trusteel Mk II P011 Balency P075 Lilleshall
M044 Grid M098 Turner & Newall P012 Balfour Beatty P076 Livett-Cartwright
M045 Hawthorn Leslie M099 Unitroy P013 Bates 4L P077 Loudon Mk II
M046 Hillcon M100 Universal Temporary Bungalow P014 Battery Cast P078 Mac-Girling
M047 Hills Presweld M101 Universal Type I P015 BCCF P079 Malthouse
M048 Hitchins M102 Universal Type II P016 BDG P080 Marley
M049 Homeville Industrialised M103 WH P017 Beanland No 2 P081 MeTraCon
M050 Howard Type A M104 Wilson P018 Belfry P082 MFC
M051 Howard Type B P019 Bellrock P083 Minniel
P020 Bison Crosswall P084 MOD Special

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List of house types List of house types

P085 Modus AP005 Barvis S013 Conslab AS010 Intercon

P086 Morrell AP006 Beale & Son S014 Cook AS011 Intrad
P087 Myton AP007 Bison Trimline S015 Corolite AS012 King & Howse
P088 Natcon AP008 Bonding Block System S016 Corvus AS013 Laidlow Thornton
P089 NCB AP009 British Craft Homes S017 Craftcast AS014 Lo Rona
P090 Newland AP010 Cebus S018 Dagenham Special AS015 MacKeown
P091 Orlit Type I AP011 Cemacrete S019 Diatomite AS016 Multilite
P092 Orlit Type II AP012 Clugston Cawood S020 Doric AS017 MWM
P093 Orlit-Bellrock AP013 Coignet S021 Dry-Walls AS018 Rapirect
P094 Parkinson AP014 Concrete Utilities S022 Duo-Slab AS019 RCC
P095 Pemcrete AP015 Davis S023 Easiform Type I AS020 Sidney Stone
P096 Permabuilt AP016 Dudley Coles S024 Easiform Type II AS021 SSHA Commissioners Resumption
P097 Perma-Erecta AP017 Halls Mk III S025 Edinburgh Foamed Slag AS022 Tayton
P098 Potters Bar Special AP018 Hardie S026 Farrans No-Fines AS023 Whitcon
P099 Reema Conclad AP019 Hayes Interlock S027 Fidler
P100 Reema Contrad AP020 Incon S028 Firmcrete PART FOUR:
P101 Reema Hollow Panel AP021 Kent S029 Foamed Slag
P102 Russell Leighton S030 Forrester-Marsh TIMBER FRAMED HOUSES
AP022 Keylock
P103 SB2 AP023 Kingston S031 Gadie T001 Aberdeen Corporation
P104 Simplified Brickwork AP024 Locarn S032 Herald T002 Anchor 12M
P105 Siporex 6M AP025 Luton S033 Incast T003 Andover
P106 Skarne AP026 Maycrete S034 Kirton T004 Anvil
P107 Smith AP027 Neale S035 Lamella T005 Appleyard
P108 SNW AP028 Oakridge S036 Lowestoft Borough T006 Arbor
P109 Spacemaker AP029 PAC S037 Maxim T007 Arcal
P110 Stent AP030 Palmer S038 Miller No-Fines T008 Arrowtrim
P111 Stewart & Partners Type I AP031 Panelwall S039 Miller Temporary Bungalow T009 Bennett
P112 Stewart & Partners Type II AP032 Pearce S040 MOW Demonstration Expanded Clay T010 Boro
P113 Stonecrete AP033 Pentagon S041 MOW Demonstration Foamed Slag T011 Boulton & Paul
P114 Stubbings Industrialised AP034 Plysyl Bungalow S042 MOW Demonstration No-Fines T012 Bricket Wood Special
P115 Tarran Temporary Bungalow AP035 Poolman S043 Mowlem T013 Bullock
P116 Taylor Woodrow-Anglian AP036 Prefacto S044 O’Sullivan T014 Bur-Pal
P117 Tee Beam AP037 Rationalised Housing S045 Parkwall T015 Burt Boulton
P118 Thornwall AP038 RB2 S046 Permacrete T016 Calder
P119 Token AP039 Ridgeway S047 Quikform T017 Caldervale
P120 Tracoba Low Rise AP040 Ross S048 Rumble T018 Calverley Type I
P121 Truscon RD 27 AP041 Shingleton Conslab S049 Schindler T019 Calverley Type II
P122 Ulster Cottage AP042 Simmcast S050 Solvyt T020 Cameron
P123 Underdown AP043 Speyroc S051 SSHA No-Fines T021 Canadian Demonstration Homes
P124 Uniment S052 SSHA Wartime Cellular Concrete T022 Canadian Timber Type I
AP044 Strongman
P125 Unit-Built S053 Sunskeeme T023 Caspon
AP045 Trentrox
P126 Unitroy S054 Tenaplas T024 Cedar Homes
AP046 Unit System
P127 Unity Type I S055 Unit No-Fines T025 Cedarworth Homes
AP047 Weedon
P128 Unity Type II S056 Universal T026 Celtic Homes
AP048 Western System
P129 Waller S057 Vine & Vine T027 Challow
AP049 WL Ring
P130 Wates S058 Wakefield Special T028 Colt
AP050 Young RW
P131 Webb S059 War Office No-Fines T029 Cowieson
AP051 Ytong
P132 Wessex S060 Weir No-Fines T030 Czechoslovakian Timber
P133 West’s 5M S061 Whatling T031 Devon Lady
P134 Whitson-Fairhurst PART THREE:
S062 Wimpey No-Fines T032 Edgell
P135 Wil-Mac IN-SITU CONCRETE HOUSES T033 Eklectron
P136 Wilvan Appendix to Part Three: T034 Elementhus
S001 Aberdeen Corporation
P137 Winget T035 Elsworthy
S002 Alderton In-situ concrete houses
P138 Woolaway T036 Engineered Homes
S003 Arup AS001 Calway
P139 Woolaways Bungalow T037 Eurodean
S004 Banton No-Fines AS002 Combined Concrete Construction
P140 XW T038 Facta
S005 Beco Wallform AS003 Ctesiphon
S006 Blackburn No-Fines T039 Faculty
Appendix to Part Two: AS004 Davies
S007 Boswell T040 Federated System 2
Precast concrete houses AS005 Davis J T041 Flexi
S008 Boyd Gibbons No-Fines
AS006 F3C and F4C Concrete Houses T042 Fontaberry
AP001 Addison S009 BRS Type 4
AS007 Firth T043 Forfar Borough
AP002 Allbetong S010 Brydon No-Fines
AS008 Giles T044 Frameform
AP003 Andrews S011 Cast Rendered
AS009 Hughes T045 Fredericks Cedarwood
AP004 Artmet S012 Concrete Frames

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List of house types List of house types

T046 Fredericks Frame System T109 Scano Type II AT025 Essihus AT076 Rothwell-Perrin
T047 G Block Watne T110 Scano Type III AT026 Factrad AT077 RTE
T048 Goldcrest T111 Scotlog AT027 Farquahar AT078 Ryedale
T049 Grenfell Baines T112 Scottwood AT028 Finnish Timber AT079 Salveson
T050 Grove Homes T113 Seco Temporary Bungalow AT029 Fleming AT080 Scan
T051 Guildway T114 Segal AT030 Formula AT081 Scanda Plan
T052 Hall T115 Shepherd AT031 Forth AT082 Scandev
T053 Hallam Mk I & Mk II T116 Sherwood AT032 Framecourt AT083 Scandia
T054 Hallam Mk III T117 Silksworth AT033 Fraser & McDonald AT084 Scansiv
T055 Hallam Volumetric T118 Simms C-DA AT034 Fribohus AT085 Scansystem
T056 Harvey Frame T119 Simms Sons & Cooke SWPA AT035 Gart AT086 Scotfast
T057 Hertfordshire County Council T120 Simms Sons & Cooke AT036 Glasgow Corporation AT087 Shaddow Wall
T058 Hultsfreds T121 Solid Cedar AT037 Goldenhomes AT088 Slingsby
T059 Humphreys T122 Spooner AT038 Grange AT089 Spacemaker Bungalow
T060 Jackson T123 Spooner Temporary Bungalow AT039 Gray AT090 Steinkjer
T061 Jansel T124 SSHA AT040 Grayholme AT091 Stex
T062 Jicwood Temporary Bungalow T125 Swedish Timber AT041 GT AT092 Supalite
T063 Ketton T126 Swift AT042 Heath AT093 Superhome
T064 Kier BDC T127 Swiftplan Multiflex H12 AT043 Highland Tain AT094 Surrey Grove
T065 Lanark County Council T128 Terrapin AT044 Howard Mersham AT095 Sutherland
T066 Langlands Bungalow T129 TRADA Type I AT045 Interbild AT096 Swedale
T067 Langlands Mansard T130 TRADA Type II AT046 Janes AT097 Systemac
T068 Langlands Terrazzo T131 Trybo AT047 Kingston AT098 Taygon
T069 Langlands Type N2 T132 Unicorn AT048 Lawrence Building Co. AT099 Thain Capital
T070 Lawrence T133 Unit System 67 AT049 Leyland Industrial AT100 THUS
T071 LCC Mobile T134 USA Temporary Bungalow AT050 Lisset AT101 Timber Frame (UK) Ltd
T072 Linton T135 Wates AT051 Lothian AT102 Timcon
T073 Liverpool Special T136 Weir Postwar AT052 Louden AT103 Toogood
T074 Lovell T137 Weir Prewar AT053 Ludford AT104 Trussit
T075 Macrae T138 Wellbuilt AT054 M&J AT105 Unicom
T076 Macrae Plus T139 YDG AT055 Mactaggart & Mickel AT106 Unistem
T077 Mactrad T140 Yorkshire Timber Frame AT056 Marley AT107 Unit
T078 Maple Leaf T141 Young Elizabethan AT057 Maxim AT108 Variform
T079 McAlpine T142 Youngman AT058 McLean AT109 Varney
T080 McDonald T143 Yuill AT059 Mears Cowlin AT110 Waddington
T081 Medway Type I AT060 MFC AT111 Walemesh
T082 Medway Type II Appendix to Part Four: AT061 Mitchell AT112 Walker
T083 MeTraTim AT062 Module Two AT113 Wallis
T084 Meyer Timber framed houses AT063 Modumould AT114 Walton
T085 MHC AT001 Anchor 600 AT064 Multispan AT115 Wellgrave
T086 Miller AT002 Anchor Modular AT065 Neata AT116 Western
T087 Minox AT003 ASD AT066 New Trend AT117 Whatlings Redwood
T088 Moelven Brug AT004 Aspect AT067 Nuway AT118 Wilson
T089 MOHLG AT005 Austin Hall AT068 Papworth Permanent Bungalow AT119 Woodclad
T090 Multicom AT006 Avonside AT069 Potton
T091 Multigrid AT007 B&J AT070 Pratten
T092 Newcastle Corporation AT008 Barratt AT071 Pre-Cut Norwegian Addendum to the digital edition
T093 Nokkelhus AT009 Bayley Bartlett AT072 Pyrocol ADM001 Span Type K
T094 Norwegian Log AT010 Bigland & Mowat AT073 Ramsjo ADP001 Occident
T095 Peak Homes AT011 Bradley AT074 Redifice Bungalow ADT001 Douglas Special
T096 Perren AT012 Brims AT075 Reid ADT002 Swedish Sectional Timber
T097 Prestoplan AT013 Brown of Wem
T098 Purpose Built Type I AT014 Bruce
T099 Purpose Built Type II AT015 Build Form
T100 Puutalo AT016 Canadian Timber Type II
T101 Quikbild AT017 Contrad
T102 Reeves Frame AT018 Cosmos
T103 Resiform AT019 Cuckow
T104 Rileyform AT020 Cuyper
T105 RMR AT021 Daleholme
T106 Rowcon Type I AT022 Domus
T107 Rowcon Type II AT023 ECP Modular
T108 Scano Type I AT024 Elliott

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Part One
METAL FRAMED HOUSES

Birmingham Corporation Type ST houses under construction.

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AGB Modular 6 M001

Manufacturers: Modular New Homes Ltd Alternative names: Dudley Coles
A.G.B. Group Modular 6
Dudley Coles Ltd Modular Housing
Designers: G R Vaughan Ellis
Brian L Godfrey

Period built: 1965

Number built: 50

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ceilings: Plasterboard.

Bungalows and 2-storey terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles or flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
Front and rear external walls of timber frame infill panels
clad with horizontal or vertical profiled plastics-coated
steel sheets, asbestos cement sheets, plastics boarding
or tile hanging.
Gable wall of horizontally profiled steel sheets or
rendered to eaves level and vertically profiled steel
sheets or asbestos cement sheets at apex.
Terraced houses have single storey flat roof porch and
store extension at front and rear elevation.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1970
NBA Certificate
Moderate corrosion of frame throughout.
The system was also used for flats.
Roof: Timber trusses, bituminous felt and interlocking
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions. concrete tiles. Mineral wool insulation quilt at ceiling
Concrete slab thickened around perimeter [1]. DPC. level.
Frame: 5 RS hollow box stanchions [2] (1 single
storey), 2 RSC perimeter ties [3], 1 RSJ floor support
beam, 2 braced RS box spandrel beams [4], 2 storey
height braced RS hollow box spandrel beams [5], 2 RSJ VARIANTS
perimeter beams [6], see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Zinc paint. Concrete strip footings along gable wall.
External walls: Storey height timber frame infill panels External walls clad with tile hanging or plastic boarding.
clad with profiled plastics-coated steel sheets over Gable wall of rendered block to eaves level and asbestos
building paper [7] and asbestos cement sheets and cement sheets above.
plastics boarding. Lined with laminated plasterboard. Separating wall in roof space lined with asbestos cement
Gable apex clad with vertically profiled plastics-coated sheets.
steel sheets. Steel cover strips at corners and at Flat roof of timber joists, chipboard and bituminous felt.
separating wall.
Separating wall: Timber frame panel cavity wall lined
with laminated plasterboard. Mineral wool insulation quilt
in cavity.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber joists and chipboard.

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AIROH Temporary Bungalow M002

Manufacturers: Blackburn & General Aircraft Ltd Alternative names: Aluminium Bungalow
Bristol Aeroplane Co. Ltd Aluminium Bungalow B1
A W Hawksley Ltd Aluminium Bungalow B2
Vickers - Armstrong Ltd Blackburn
Designer: Aircraft Industries Research Hawksley
Organisation on Housing Hawksley Aluminium
Prefab
Period built: 1945–48

Number built: 69,000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Roof: Sandwich of profiled and flat aluminium sheets.

Detached bungalows. Severe corrosion of components particularly in the wall Substructure: Concrete slab thickened around perimeter
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled aluminium base and ground floor frame. [1]. Brick underbuilding. DPC.
sheets. Frame: Volumetric box construction. Storey height VARIANTS
External walls of flat aluminium sheets throughout. Phased demolition of stock from 1962. aluminium units of h-section [2] and back-to-back channel
Curved aluminium door canopy over central front door. sections [3] framing with top-hat-section intermediate Concrete underbuilding.
studs, floor panels of Z-section [4] and channel section
[5] framing with I-section [6] and channel section inter-
mediate joists, ceiling panels of U-section, roof trusses
[7] of channel section rafters and ties and angle section
bracings and channel and angle section trussed purlins,
see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Framing and cladding internally of
bitumen.
REFERENCE External walls: Painted aluminium sheets [8], foamed
slag concrete [9], plasterboard.
White R B, Prefabrication Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: Aluminium frame panels infilled with aerated
concrete, and lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber bearers.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Fibreboard on timber framing on building paper.
Glass fibre insulation.

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Aluminium Bungalow BL8 M003

Manufacturers: A W Hawksley Ltd Alternative names: Aluminium Bungalow
Bristol Aeroplane Co. Aluminium Bungalow BL8D
Blackburn
Designer: Structural and Mechanical Design Hawksley
Engineers Hawksley Aluminium Bungalow BL8
Permanent Aluminium
Period built: 1948–50

Number built: 55,000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached, semi-detached and terraced bungalows. Corrosion of sill members and bottom edges of Substructure: Concrete strip footings [1]. Brick under- Hardboard wall linings.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled aluminium cladding. building. DPC. Concrete raft foundation (BL8D).
sheets. Frame: Not applicable.
Generous eaves overhang. Repair schedule devised in the 1960s. Protective coating: Panel framing not known. Stove
External walls of matching vertically profiled aluminium enamelled priming paint, oil based paint on external
sheets to eaves level with flat aluminium sheets at gable surface of sheets.
apex. External walls: Profiled aluminium sheets [2], bituminous
building paper, aluminium framing [3] infilled with glass
fibre insulation, plasterboard [4].
Separating wall: Profiled aluminium sheets, bituminous
building paper, aluminium framing infilled with glass fibre
insulation, plasterboard.
Partitions: Aluminium channel section framing lined with
REFERENCE plasterboard.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
White R B, Prefabrication First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Aluminium angle trusses, fibreboard and profiled
aluminium sheets.

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Aluminium House M004

Manufacturer: A W Hawksley Alternative names: Bristol Aeroplane
Hawksley
Hawksley Aluminium
Designer: Bristol Aeroplane Co.

Period built: 1950

Number built: 2

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Substructure: Brick underbuilding. None known.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled metal Frame: Metal frame.
sheeting. Protective coating: Not known.
External walls of metal sheets throughout. External walls: Storey height 3' 4" and 6' 8" metal
Projecting string course at first floor level. sheets with vertical cover moulds over vertical joints.
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Profiled metal sheeting.

REFERENCE

White R B, Prefabrication

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Arcal M005
Manufacturer: Gee Walker & Slater Ltd Alternative name: Gee Walker & Slater

Designer: G80 Developments Ltd

Period built: 1964–70

Number built: 700

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2 storey detached, semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls rendered to first floor level
with glazed asbestos cement sheets above.
Gable wall rendered throughout.
Recessed porch.
Detached houses orientated with gable in front elevation.
Rendered and spar dashed throughout.
Central front door.
Terraced houses rendered and spar dashed throughout.
Single storey porch extension.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 198
NBA Certificate 1966
Severe corrosion of RSJ stanchion bases of early
detached and semi-detached houses.
Superficial corrosion of RSJ stanchion bases in terraced
houses.
Rain penetration at panel-window joint.
Rot in plywood sheathing and timber studs.
Disintegration of plasterboard lining.
Poorly constructed separating walls in roof space.
Rain penetration of roof at chimney gutter flashings.
Missing or poorly fixed asbestos cement sheet claddings.
Fire protection missing in first floor and eaves void.
Fine cracks and spalling of render.
Minor corrosion of galvanised trimming beads.
Asbestos cement sheet claddings and fire protective
casings.
Substructure: Concrete slab over existing concrete Detached house has repeat of gable steel framework,
foundation [1] DPM. see frame layout [B].
Frame: 3 RSJ stanchions [2], 4 RS hollow box single Terraced houses have simplified steel framework, see
storey stanchions [3], 2 RSJ floor support beams [4], frame layout [C].
4 RSC floor ties [5], 2 steel rod ties [6] and 1 RSA roof Concrete trench fill incorporating ground floor slab.
truss in two sections [7], see frame layout [A]. Concrete strip footings, brick underbuilding and concrete
Protective coating: Red oxide paint and black ground floor slab.
bituminous paint. External walls rendered and spar dashed throughout.
External walls: Storey height timber frame panels [8] Chipboard flooring.
sheathed externally with plywood and rendered [9] on Timber purlins.
gable wall and to first floor level on front and rear walls
with glazed asbestos cement sheets above. Lined with
foil-backed plasterboard.
Separating wall: Block cavity wall, 9" block laid flat in
roof space.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: 4 Z-section PS purlins, timber rafters, bituminous
felt and interlocking concrete tiles.

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Arcon M006
Manufacturer: Taylor Woodrow Ltd Alternative names: Arcon Permanent House
Stewart & Lloyd

Designer: Arcon

Period built: 1947

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos
cement sheets.
Front and rear external walls of brick to first floor level
topped with concrete band course, and vertically ribbed
asbestos cement sheets above.
Gable wall of brick or rendered throughout.
Steel doors, windows and surrounds.
Single storey brick outbuilding.
Concrete canopy over front door.
REFERENCE
White R B, Prefabrication
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete slab thickened around perimeter None known.
[1]. DPC.
Frame: 2 RS base plates [2], 6 double RSA single storey
stanchions each forming T [3], 2 RSA horizontal beams
[4], 1 tubular steel roof truss [5], RSA purlins and
cladding rails, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Front and rear walls of brick, cavity,
block [6] to first floor level topped with concrete band
course [7] and double skin vertically ribbed asbestos
cement sheets [8], cavity, timber framing lined with
plasterboard and backed with woodwool slabs [9]
above.
Gable wall of brick, cavity, block [10] throughout.
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Block spine wall. Others not known.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Profiled asbestos cement sheets.

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Arcon Temporary Bungalow M007

Manufacturer: Taylor Woodrow (Arcon) Ltd Alternative names: Arcon
Arcon Mk V
Prefab
Designer: Arcon Stewart & Lloyd

Period built: 1945

Number built: 40,000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete slab with kerb thickened around Concrete strip footings.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos assessment of steel framed houses is given in: perimeter [1]. DPC. Brick underbuilding.
cement sheets and curved ridge. Frame: Setting out jig around perimeter [2], 14 double T&G boarding on timber joists.
External walls of vertically profiled asbestos cement Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and RSA stanchions each forming T [3], 4 RSA perimeter Partitions lined with fibreboard.
sheets throughout. assessment (BR 113) beams [4], RST ceiling support ties [5], RSA cladding External wall gable apex clad with fluted asbestos cement
Gable apex of vertically ribbed or fluted asbestos cement Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) rails [6], metal profiled eaves and gutter units [7], 2 RSA sheets.
sheets. Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) roof trusses [8] and 2 tubular steel roof trusses [9] and
Steel doors, windows and surrounds. tubular steel purlins [10], see frame layout [A].
Asbestos cement canopy over doors. Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Double skin profiled asbestos cement
sheets [11], cavity, timber frame lined with plasterboard
and infilled with woodwool insulation [12].
Gable apex clad with ribbed asbestos cement sheets [13].
REFERENCES Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
NTHSc Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber battens set in
White R B, Prefabrication concrete floor.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Tubular steel purlins and corrugated asbestos
cement sheets [14].

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Arrowhead M008
Manufacturer: Rigid Frame Construction Ltd Alternative names: Prowting
RFC
Rigid Frame
Designer: Rigid Frame Construction

Period built: 1963–70

Number built: 1000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ground floor: Concrete.

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced
houses.
Shallow pitch gable or monopitch roof covered with inter-
locking concrete tiles or flat roof covered with bituminous
felt.
Front and rear walls of brick, exposed aggregate or
Tyrolean finish PC panels throughout; or mathematical
tiling to eaves level at separating wall with flat asbestos
cement sheets or horizontal timber boarding to first floor
level, then tile hanging and asbestos cement sheets or
horizontal timber boarding above.
Gable wall of brick or mathematical tiling throughout
returned around corners or to eaves level with flat
asbestos cement sheets to apex.
Flat canopy over front door.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 201
NBA Certificates April 1966, May 1968
Superficial corrosion of metal web stanchions.
Broken or missing tiles in tile hanging.
Large notches cut in floor joists.
Poorly constructed blockwork at verge of gable wall in
roof space.
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1].
Concrete slab thickened around perimeter. DPC.
Frame: 4 double PS metal web stanchions [2], 1 single
storey RS hollow box stanchion, 8 PS metal web peri-
meter beams [3], 1 flitched floor support beam and
2 PS metal web purlins, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Stove enamelled paint.
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
timber frame infill panels clad with mathematical tiling
over bituminous felt at separating wall and with asbestos
cement sheets to first floor level, tile hanging [4] over
bituminous felt and asbestos cement sheets above. Lined
with composite panels of compressed fibre and flat
asbestos cement sheets [5].
Gable wall of timber frame infill panels clad with
brickwork and/or mathematical tiling over bituminous
felt to eaves level returned around front and rear walls.
Angle trims masking corners.
Separating wall: Storey height composite panels of
compressed fibre and flat asbestos cement sheets.
Partitions: Composite panels of compressed fibre and
flat asbestos cement sheets.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timbers rafters, bituminous felt, timber battens
and interlocking concrete tiles.
VARIANTS
Concrete trench fill foundation with concrete or brick
kerb around perimeter.
Additional stanchions to support wide spans.
Conventional crosswall construction with PS metal web
beams at first floor and eaves level in front and rear walls.
Brick and block cavity external walls lined with plaster-
board.
Gable apex of asbestos cement sheets.
PC exposed aggregate cladding panels.
PC lightweight panels with Tyrolean finish.
Linings of straw cored panels.
Block cavity separating wall lined with plasterboard.
Honeycomb plasterboard partitions.
Suspended ground floor of chipboard on timber joists.
Timber roof trusses.
Flat roof of timber boarding and bituminous felt.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

Atherton M009
Manufacturer: Alternative name: Clip Slab

Designer: Atherton & Sharples

Period built: 1919

Number built: 24

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with pantiles.
Rendered [roughcast] external walls throughout.
REFERENCE
Aggregate may contain unstable fractions of unburnt
coal.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete raft foundation [1]. Concrete None known.
slab. DPC.
Frame: 22 RSJ stanchions [2] and 8 RSJ perimeter
beams [3], see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Rendered [4] dense concrete slabs [5],
cavity, clinker concrete slabs [6].
Separating wall: Clinker concrete slab cavity wall.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Conventional timber covered with pantiles.

Moir Report

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

Atholl 1926 M010

Manufacturer: Atholl Steel Houses Ltd Alternative names: Atholl
Atholl Prewar
Boiler Plate
Designer:

Period built: 1926–28

Number built: 1000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with interlocking clay
tiles or asbestos cement slates.
Painted or paint harled [roughcast] flat steel sheets.
Exposed stanchion flanges or narrow cover plates
masking vertical joints of steel sheets.
Flat or sloping canopy over front door.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 148
Bemis A F, The evolving house. Vol. III Rational design
NBS Special Report No. 16
NTHSc
Minor corrosion of stanchions at bases.
Moderate corrosion at edges and rear faces of steel
sheets.
Buckling of narrow cover plates.
Corrosion of fixing bolts.
Gaps in steel sheets in roof space of separating wall.
Rot in timber studs and fillets.
Infestation of timber floor joists and boarding.
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Concrete underbuilding stepped internally Terraced houses
[1]. DPC. Stanchions and perimeter ties omitted in separating wall,
Frame: 2 RSA corner stanchions [2], 8 RST stanchions [3], see frame layout [B].
2 RSA perimeter floor support beams [4], 5 RSA perimeter 9" brick separating wall.
ties at first floor and roof level [5], see frame layout [A]. Brick or block partitions.
Protective coating: Red lead and bituminous paint. Lath and plaster linings and ceilings.
External walls: Painted flat steel sheets bolted to back Suspended ground floor of T&G boarding on timber joists.
of stanchion flanges [6], horizontal timber fillets fixed to
flanges of steel sheets supporting timber studs lined with
horizontal timber boarding and asbestos cement sheets
[7]. Back of steel sheets protected with red lead and
bituminous paint.
Separating wall: Flat steel sheets, timber fillets and
studs lined with T&G timber boarding and asbestos
cement sheets.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with asbestos cement sheets.
Ground floor: Concrete. Living room: T&G boarding on
timber battens bedded in concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Asbestos cement sheets.
Roof: Timber purlins and rafters, bituminous felt and clay
tiles.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

Atholl 1945 M011

Manufacturer: Atholl Steel Houses Ltd Alternative names: Atholl
Atholl Postwar

Designer:

Period built: 1945–48

Number built: 1600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Minor corrosion of stanchions at bases and at upper flat Substructure: Raised and stepped concrete pads below None known.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos entrance. stanchions [1]. Strip concrete footings. Block under-
cement sheets or concrete tiles. Extensive corrosion at edges and rear faces of steel building. DPC.
Painted harled [roughcast] flat steel sheets. sheets, corrosion of fixing bolts. Frame: 2 RSA corner stanchions [2], 4 RSJ stanchions
Visible vertical butt joints overlapping horizontal joints (2 single storey) [3], 4 RST stanchions [4], 2 RSA [5]
between steel sheets. The system was also used for flats. and 1 RSJ [6] floor support beams, 1 RSC trimmer beam
Flat canopy over front door. [7], 2 steel roof trusses and 1 mock truss, see frame
layout [A].
Protective coating: Red lead paint.
External walls: Paint harled [roughcast] flat steel sheets
bolted over stanchion flanges [8] with timber fillets fixed
to panel flanges supporting timber frames lined with
mineral wool insulation and plasterboard [9]. Rear faces
REFERENCES of steel sheets protected with red lead and bitumen paint.
Separating wall: Block cavity wall.
BRE Report BR 148 Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
NTHSc Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber purlins and profiled asbestos cement
sheets.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

Atholl 1951 M012

Manufacturer: Atholl Steel Houses Ltd Alternative names: Atholl
Atholl Postwar

Designer:

Period built: 1951–55

Number built: 1200

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey detached, semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles.
Rendered [roughcast] external walls throughout.
Pronounced bell mouth at first floor level on front
elevation.
Projecting surround to door and window openings.
Some dwellings have flat concrete canopy over front
door.
REFERENCE
NTHSc
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1]. Suspended concrete ground floor.
Concrete strip footings. Brick underbuilding. DPC.
Frame: 8 RSA stanchions [2], 2 RSJ stanchions [3],
1 single storey tubular steel stanchion, 1 RSJ floor
support beam [4], 2 RSA perimeter beams [5], 1 RSA
floor tie, 2 RSA ceiling ties [6] and 3 RSA roof trusses
[7], see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Rendered [roughcast] brick [8], cavity,
timber framing overlaid with building paper and lined
with plasterboard [9]. Timber rails between stanchions
in cavity at first floor level.
Separating wall: Concrete block cavity wall.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber purlins, timber sarking, bituminous felt and
tiles.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

Beanland No 1 M013
Manufacturer: Beanland Unit Construction Ltd Alternative name: Beanland

Designer:

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Flat concrete roof with overhanging eaves covered with
asphalt.
External walls of brick to first floor level and rendered
above.
Projecting band course at first floor level.
PS surrounds to door and window openings.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete slab with splayed edge and External walls of brick to first floor level and brick
small kerb [1]. DPC. above.
Frame: Storey height PSC framed panels [2] connected
through eaves height timber posts [3]. PSC perimeter
beams [4] at first floor level and at eaves level. PSC
separator beams [5] at first floor and eaves level. PS
hollow box beams forming band course [6]. PS cornice
unit forming eaves [7].
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Render on expanded metal lathing [8]
on PSC framed panels stiffened with timber noggins and
lined with wallboard [9]. Insulation quilt between frame
noggins [10].
Separating wall: PSC framed panels infilled or backed
with woodwool slabs and lined with wallboard.
Partitions: PSC framed panels lined with wallboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Wallboard.
Roof: Timber joists, concrete on expanded metal mesh
and asphalt.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

Birmingham Corporation M014

Manufacturer: Hills Patent Glazing Ltd Alternative name: Hills

Designer: Birmingham Corporation

Period built: 1945

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached houses.
Steep pitch gable roof covered with interlocking concrete
tiles or profiled asbestos cement sheets.
Generous overhanging eaves and verges.
External walls of brick throughout with PRC band course
at first floor level extending to form canopy over front
door and roof of bay window, or of horizontal profiled
asbestos cement sheets throughout.
PS door and window surrounds.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 196
PWBS No. 23
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Superficial corrosion of steelwork, particularly at
stanchion bases,
Superficial corrosion of steel sheet fascia and soffit.
Deterioration of PRC band course, particularly over bay
window.
Defective flashings around chimney.
Minor corrosion of galvanised steel window frames.
CONSTRUCTION Roof: Timber purlins, lightweight PRC slabs and inter-
locking concrete tiles. Pre-formed galvanised metal
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- soffit, fascia and bargeboard.
building [1]. DPC.
Frame: 21 lattice steel stanchions [2], (3 single storey
supported by bay window lattice beam), 1 mock joist [3]
formed by 2 RSAs and flat steel plates, 6 lattice floor VARIANTS
support beams [4], 2 double RSAs [5] forming channel
and 2 RSA perimeter ties [6]. 1 mock truss [7] and 6 External walls of profiled asbestos cement sheets,
lattice roof trusses, PSA and rod bracings, see frame cavity, clinker concrete block.
layout [A]. Clinker concrete block partitions.
Protective coating: 2 coats hot bitumen. Lightweight PRC floor slabs.
External walls: Brick and block cavity wall [8]. Steel PRC staircase.
frame isolated from brick by bituminous felt strips. PRC Profiled asbestos cement sheet roof cover.
band course at first floor level. Galvanised PS door and
window surrounds.
Separating wall: Block cavity wall.
Partitions: 9" brick spine partition, remainder 3" block.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists. Woodwool
fibre insulation quilt in floor void.
Ceilings: Fibreboard.

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Birmingham Corporation Type ST M015

Manufacturer: Hills Patent Glazing Co. Ltd Alternative names: Birmingham Corporation
Birmingham Corporation Postwar
Experimental
Designer: Birmingham Corporation

Period built: 1945

Number built: 68

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles.
External walls of vertically profiled asbestos cement
sheets to first floor window head level and flat asbestos
cement sheets above.
Asbestos cement flashing pieces at ground and first floor
window head levels.
Pressed steel door and window surrounds.
Projecting brick plinth capped with asbestos cement sill
piece.
Profiled asbestos cement canopy on tubular steel
supports over front door
REFERENCE
BRE Report 196
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick-faced External walls with block linings.
concrete underbuilding [1]. DPC. Separating wall of four leaf block cavity construction.
Frame: 22 steel lattice stanchions [2], 1 single storey Partitions of blocks.
prop stanchion, 7 steel lattice floor joists [3], 1 double
RSA mock joist [4], RSA cladding rails and ties [5], 7
lattice roof trusses, 1 mock roof truss, see frame layout
[A].
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Vertically profiled asbestos cement
sheets [6], flat asbestos cement sheets at eaves [7] and
at gable apex [8], cavity, light timber framing infilled
with woodwool and lined with plasterboard [9].
Separating wall: Block cavity wall, timber framed
panels lined with plasterboard.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Timber boarding or quarry tiles on breeze
concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber bearers (in
panels).
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber battens and concrete tiles.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

BISF Type A M016

Manufacturers: British Iron & Steel Federation Alternative names: BISF
British Steel Homes Ltd

Designers: Frederick Gibberd

Donovan Lee

Period built: 1944

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- None known.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled steel assessment of steel framed houses is given in: building [1]. Concrete slab thickened around perimeter.
sheets. DPC.
External walls of brick to first floor level and vertically Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and Frame: 17 RSC stanchions [2], 3 single storey tubular
profiled steel sheets above. assessment (BR 113) steel stanchions, 1 RSC floor support beam, 2 RSA
Large ground floor windows. Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) perimeter ties [3], 7 RSJ floor joists [4], 7 RSJ ceiling
PS trims to windows and doors. Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) joists [5], 2 RSA joist support ties [6], RSA cladding
Sloping eaves soffit. rails [7] and bracings, 2 tubular steel roof trusses, 1
mock truss and RSA purlins, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red lead paint and black
bituminous paint.
External walls: Brick and block cavity wall to first floor
level [8] and vertically profiled steel sheets backed with
REFERENCE fibreboard [9], cavity, block [10] above, hook-bolted to
rails, see detail [B].
PWBS No. 23 Partitions: Block.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Concrete on expanded metal lathing.
Ceilings: Plaster on expanded metal lathing.
Roof: Profiled steel sheets backed with fibreboard.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

BISF Type A1 M017

Manufacturers: British Iron & Steel Federation Alternative names: BISF
British Steel Homes Ltd

Designers: Frederick Gibberd

Donovan Lee

Period built: 1944–50

Number built: 35,000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. Minor to severe corrosion of RSA and RSC stanchions, Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- Roof: Profiled asbestos cement sheets.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos particularly at bases and corners. building [1]. Concrete slab thickened around perimeter.
cement sheets. Minor to severe corrosion of sheeting rails. DPC.
External walls rendered to first floor level and vertically Cracking of ground floor slabs, particularly at corners. Frame: 17 RSC stanchions [2], 3 double RSA single
profiled steel sheets above. Corrosion of metal lathing and failure of render. storey stanchions each forming hollow box, 1 RSJ floor VARIANTS
Large ground floor windows. Corrosion of profiled steel sheets and steel flashings. support beam, 2 RSA floor joist supports [3], 7 RSJ floor
PS trims to windows and doors. Corrosion of cast-iron flue pipes and metal cowling. joists [4], 7 RSJ ceiling joists [5], RSA cladding rails [6], Trenchfill concrete foundation incorporating ground floor
Some houses have single storey lean-to structure at Deterioration of profiled asbestos cement sheet roof bracings, 2 tubular steel roof trusses, 1 mock truss and slab.
gable wall. cover. RSA purlins, see frame layout [A]. Fibreboard, hardboard and Stramit board linings to
Protective coating: Red lead paint and black walls, partitions and ceilings.
Prototypes developed by BISF are Type A, Type B and bituminous paint. Steel sheets galvanised and coated RSA roof trusses.
Type C. with red lead paint. Single storey lean to structure at gable wall.
External walls: Rendered expanded metal lathing to
REFERENCES first floor level [7] and vertically profiled steel sheets [8]
above, cavity, glass fibre insulation blanket, timber
BRE Report BR 77 framing lined with plasterboard [9].
PWBS No. 23 Separating wall: Breeze concrete block cavity wall faced
NTHSc with timber framing lined with plasterboard. Single leaf
block in roof space.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

BISF Type B M018

Manufacturers: British Iron & Steel Federation Alternative names: BISF
British Steel Homes Ltd

Designers: Frederick Gibberd

Donovan Lee

Period built: 1944

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ground floor: Concrete.

First floor: T&G boarding on timber battens.
2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled steel assessment of steel framed houses is given in: building [1]. Concrete slab thickened around perimeter. Roof: Profiled steel sheets backed with fibreboard.
sheets. DPC.
External walls rendered to first floor level and shiplap steel Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and Frame: 19 PSC stanchions [2], 3 single storey tubular
sheets above. assessment (BR 113) stanchions, 1 double PSC forming I-section floor support
PS cover strips mask corners. Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) beam, 2 PSC perimeter ties [3], 2 PSC [4] and 5 double VARIANTS
Wide ground and first floor windows on the front Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) PSC floor joists [5] each forming I-section, 7 PSC
elevation. ceiling joists [6], 2 double PSC ceiling joist supports [7] None known.
PS trims to windows, mullions and doors. each forming I-section, PSC roof trusses and purlins,
Sloping eaves soffit. see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Metallic phosphate primer and black
bituminous paint. Steel sheets galvanised and coated
with red lead paint.
REFERENCE External walls: Front and rear walls of rendered [8]
grooved steel sheets [9] to first floor level and shiplap
PWBS No. 23 steel sheets above [10] and gable wall of rendered wire
fabric [11] to first floor level and shiplap steel sheets
above, cavity, timber frame lined with fibreboard and
plasterboard [12].
Separating wall: Block cavity wall. Single leaf block in
roof space.
Partitions: Block.

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BISF Type C M019

Manufacturers: British Iron & Steel Federation Alternative names: BISF
British Steel Homes Ltd

Designers: Frederick Gibberd

Donovan Lee

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete slab Timber frame partitions.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled steel assessment of steel framed houses is given in: thickened around perimeter with raised plinth [1]. DPC. Fibreboard linings.
sheets. Frame: Not applicable.
External walls of paint harled steel sheets throughout. Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and Protective coating: Not known.
Stove enamelled steel cover strips masking vertical assessment (BR 113) External walls: Eaves height PSC frame panels [2],
joints and corners. Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) complete with window and door frames, clad with paint
Flat canopy over front door. Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) harled flat steel sheets [3] and joints masked with stove
enamelled steel cover strips [4], see frame layout [A].
Composite insulation board and plasterboard [5] on light
timber framing and joints masked with plywood cover
strips.
Separating wall: PSC frame cavity wall lined with
woodwool slabs and plasterboard. Single leaf in roof
REFERENCE space lined on both sides with asbestos cement sheets.
Partitions: PSC frames lined with plasterboard.
PWBS No. 23 Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on double cold PSC beams,
forming I-section [6].
Ceilings: Fibreboard.
Roof: PSC trusses and purlins and profiled steel sheets.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

B-J M020
Manufacturer: B & J Structures Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: J Markham

Period built: 1946

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos
cement sheets.
External walls of exposed eaves height RSA framed
panels infilled with fluted asbestos cement sheets.
Gable apex clad with profiled asbestos cement sheets.
PC canopy over front door.
REFERENCE
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
CONSTRUCTION First floor: T&G boarding on timber battens.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Substructure: Concrete pad below stanchions [1]. Roof: Profiled asbestos cement sheets.
Concrete oversite slab. DPC.
Frame: 6 double RSC stanchions forming I-section [2],
2 RSA lattice spandrel beams [3], 1 RSA lattice floor
support beam [4], 2 RSC floor support beams [5], 7 VARIANTS
flitched floor joists, 2 RSJ eaves beams [6], 4 RSC
hangers, 1 RSA lattice ridge beam, 7 RSA roof trusses Expanded rubber insulation to back of fluted asbestos
and purlins, see frame layout [A]. cement sheets.
Protective coating: Not known. Lead capping where Plasterboard wall linings.
metal exposed. Brick separating wall.
External walls: Eaves height RSA framed panels [7] Sheet metal roof covering.
infilled with fluted asbestos cement sheets [8] backed
with sprayed asbestos, cavity, timber framing infilled
with woodwool and lined with plywood [9].
Gable apex clad with profiled asbestos cement sheets.
Separating wall: Concrete block cavity wall to first
floor level and solid wall above, faced with timber
framing lined with plywood throughout.
Partitions: Timber stud infilled with woodwool and lined
with plywood.
Ground floor: Concrete.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

Braithwaite M021
Manufacturer: Braithwaite & Co. Ltd Alternative name: Unit Frame

Designer: F R S Yorke

Period built: 1945

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
External walls of storey height fluted asbestos cement
sheets throughout, or on front and rear walls with flank
wall of brick to first floor level and fluted asbestos cement
sheets above.
REFERENCE
PWBS No. 23
Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance
on inspection and assessment of steel framed houses is
given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete trenchfill foundation incorporating External walls clad with fluted asbestos cement sheets
concrete slab [1]. DPC. throughout.
Frame: Eaves height ladder like PSC steel frames bolted Cellular plywood linings, partitions and ceiling panels.
together with brackets [2], 2 PSC floor [3] and 2 PSC
roof [4] support perimeter beams and PSC section floor
and roof support beams [5], see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Graphite paint.
External walls: Front and rear walls clad with fluted
asbestos cement sheets [6].
Flank wall clad with brick over building paper [7] to first
floor level and fluted asbestos cement sheets above [8].
Lined with wallboard. Mineral fibre insulation between
frame studs.
Separating wall: Aerated concrete block cavity wall.
Partitions: Steel framing lined with fibreboard.
Ground floor: Blockboard panels on concrete.
First floor: Blockboard panels on timber bearers.
Ceilings: Fibreboard.
Roof: Aerated concrete slabs and bituminous felt.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

British Housing M022

Manufacturer: John Lynn & Co. Ltd Alternative names: Doxford
Lynn

Designer: F Hedley

Period built: 1965–67

Number built: 100

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ceilings: Asbestolux panels.

Roof: Timber trusses and insulated polyester glass
Bungalows and 2-storey detached, semi-detached and Minor corrosion of boxed RSA and RSC stanchions and Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1]. laminate.
terraced houses. cleats, particularly at bases. Concrete slab. DPC.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with coloured polyester Failure of render. Deterioration of resin coat to render. Frame: 4 double RSA corner stanchions [2], 4 double
glass laminate. Corrosion of wire mesh reinforcement and trimming RSC stanchions [3] and 1single storey double RSC
Front and rear external walls of slate, stone, polyester beads. Vertical cracking internally and externally at stanchion, each forming hollow box, 2 RSC perimeter VARIANTS
glass laminate, tile hanging or timber shiplap boarding. panel junctions. beams [4] and pair of RSC floor support beams [5],
Gable wall rendered and coated with synthetic resin Water staining of roof timbers at eaves. see frame layout [A]. Concrete perimeter kerbs on sloping sites.
based aggregate. Asbestolux ceiling panels. Protective coating: Calcium plumbate paint. Front and rear walls externally clad with tile hanging,
Possible sprayed limpet asbestos within timber stud External walls: Eaves height timber frame panels with timber shiplap boarding or stone panels.
panels. front and rear panels, containing large windows, clad
with polyester glass laminates and slate panels [6] and
gable wall panels clad with woodwool slabs, mesh
reinforcement and render coated with synthetic resin
REFERENCES based aggregate [7]. Lined with foil-backed plasterboard.
Separating wall: Eaves height timber frame panel cavity
BRE Report BR 202 wall backed with woodwool slabs and lined with foil-
NBA Certificate 1966 backed plasterboard. Mineral wool insulation between
frame studs.
Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.First floor: Chipboard on
timber joists.

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Buchan M023
Manufacturer: Johnston Bros. Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1945–46

Number built: 5

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows, L-shaped in plan.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with plain clay tiles.
External walls of paint harled or plain painted steel sheets
throughout.
Front door in internal corner of 'L' with extended roof
forming porch.
Front elevation windows returned around corner.
REFERENCE
NTHSc
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings and under- None known.
building [1]. Concrete upstand. DPC.
Frame: 56 RSA stanchions [2], 2 RSJ floor support
beams, 6 RSA perimeter beams [3], RSA roof trusses,
purlins and hip rafters, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Bitumen and oil paint.
External walls: Paint harled flat steel sheets [4],
timber framing lined with plasterboard [5]. Mineral wool
insulation between frame studs.
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber purlins, timber boarding, bituminous felt
and single lap tiles.

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Conatus M024
Manufacturer: Conatus Industries Ltd Alternative names:

Designer:

Period built: 1974 onward

Number built:

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles.
External walls rendered (roughcast) throughout to eaves
level.
Horizontal timber or plastics boarding to gable apex.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Not known.
Frame: Not known. None known.
External walls: Steel framed composite panels with
square steel tube spacer/connectors. Steel sill plate
and stiffening saddles at eaves level.
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Concrete or T&G boarding on timber
joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Trussed timber rafters, timber battens and
interlocking concrete tiles.

REFERENCE

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Connell M025
Manufacturer: J N Connell Ltd Alternative name: Phoenix

Designer: Sam Bunton & Associates

Period built: 1946

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip foundations. Brick under- Concrete ground floor.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos assessment of steel framed houses is given in: building. PC plinth [1]. DPC. PC suspended ground floor.
cement sheets. Frame: 14 tubular steel stanchions [2] (3 single storey), Lightweight PC slab inner leaf to external walls.
External walls of rendered storey height PC panels Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and 4 PSC perimeter beams [3], PSC floor support beams Masonry partitions.
throughout. assessment (BR 113) [4], 2 double PSC beams each forming I [5] floor
PS fascia and soffit. Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) support beams, 3 RSA roof trusses and 7 RSA purlins,
PS canopy over front door. Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) see frame layout [A].
Distinctive front elevation ground floor windows of wide Protective coating: Red lead paint and agraphite.
and narrow window separated by mullion. External walls: Rendered storey height PRC panels [6],
mineral wool insulation, timber battens and plasterboard
[7].
Separating wall: Clinker concrete slab cavity wall.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
REFERENCE Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber battens.
NTHSc Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Profiled asbestos cement sheets.

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Cornes M026
Manufacturers: C Cornes & Son Ltd Alternative names: Cornes Cussins
Cussins Ltd Cussins
Cussins Cornes
Designer:

Period built: 1964

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with bituminous felt or
interlocking concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of horizontal timber
boarding or flat asbestos cement sheets or plastics-
coated steel sheets throughout or to first floor level and
exposed aggregate PC panels above.
PC panels or brick at separating wall.
Gable wall of exposed aggregate PC panels or brick or
plastics-coated steel sheets returned around one
corner.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1967
NBA Certificate February 1966
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Ground floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1], PRC First floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
ground beam below separating wall. PRC slab plinth. DPC. Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Frame: 4 RS hollow box stanchions [2], 4 RSC Roof: Timber purlins, timber boarding and bituminous
stanchions [3], 9 RSC perimeter beams [4], 2 RSJ floor felt.
support beams [5], 1 RST ceiling support beam [6], 5
support rods (2 single storey) [7], 2 RSA trussed
spandrel beams [8] and RSA vertical struts [9], 3 RSA
roof trusses and diagonal bracings, see frame layout [A]. VARIANTS
Frame members connected with Kariscol joint, see
figure [B]. Front and rear external wall timber frame panels clad
Protective coating: Not known. with flat asbestos cement sheets or plastics-coated
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height steel sheets.
timber framed panels incorporating doors and windows, External walls insulated with expanded polystyrene.
clad with shiplap boarding [10] and exposed aggregate Gable wall of brick returned around one corner.
PC panels [11], cavity, glass fibre insulation and foil- Roof cover of interlocking concrete tiles.
backed honeycomb plasterboard [12].
Gable wall clad with exposed aggregate PC panels
throughout.
Separating wall: Timber frame cavity wall lined with 2
layers of plasterboard. Glass fibre insulation between
frame studs.

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Coventry Corporation M027

Manufacturer: Coventry Corporation Alternative name: Radiation House

Designer: Donald E Gibson

Edric Neel

Period built: 1945

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ceilings: Fibreboard.

Roof: Profiled asbestos cement tiles.
2-storey semi-detached houses. Severe corrosion of tubular steel stanchions, particularly Substructure: Concrete strip footings. PC underbuilding
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos at bases. at corners [1] with perimeter infilled with suspended PC
cement tiles. Severe corrosion of steel setting out sill. apron. DPC. VARIANTS
Front and rear external walls of PC panels to first floor Deterioration of pointing between PC panel joints. Frame: Steel setting out sill around perimeter [2], 30
window sill level and asbestos cement sheets above. Mould growth on underside of asbestos cement roof tubular steel stanchions [3], 4 tubular steel lattice Red oxide and aluminium paint protective coating.
Gable wall of PC panels. tiles. perimeter beams [4], 18 tubular steel lattice floor T&G boarding on timber battens to first floor.
Cracking and spalling of PC underbuilding. support beams [5] and 9 tubular steel roof trusses [6],
see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red oxide paint.
External walls: Front and rear walls of PC panels [7] to
first floor window sill level and asbestos cement sheets
[8] above and gable wall of PC panels throughout [9],
cavity, timber framing infilled with woodwool and lined
REFERENCES with plasterboard [10].
Separating wall: PC panel cavity wall faced with timber
BRE Report BR 222 framing infilled with woodwool and lined with
PWBS No. 25 plasterboard.
Partitions: Timber frame panels infilled with woodwool
and lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Suspended PRC panels.
First floor: Plywood on timber battens.

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Licensed copy from CIS: emma@ewpeng.co.uk, EGNIOL ENVIRONMENTAL LTD, 09/09/2020, Unco

Craig Atholl M028

Manufacturer: Atholl Steel Houses Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: Sam Bunton & Associates

Period built: 1951

Number built: 4

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls rendered [roughcast] throughout.
Pronounced bellmouth at eaves level on gable wall.
PS surrounds to door and window openings.
Flat canopy over front door supported on tubular
columns.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings [1]. None known.
Frame: RSJ [2] and RSA [3] stanchions, steel perimeter
beams and steel trusses.
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Rendered [4] keyed bituminous felt,
Bellrock plaster panels [5] infilled between stanchions
and forming shuttering for concrete cast around
steelwork.
Separating wall: Brick cavity wall.
Partitions: Bellrock plaster panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber sarking and concrete tiles.

NTHSc

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Crane M029
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer: Alderman Crane

Period built: 1925–26

Number built: 400

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached and semi-detached bungalows. Minor corrosion of RSA and RST stanchions, particularly Substructure: Concrete raft foundation thickened None known.
Steep pitch hipped roof covered with asbestos cement at bases around perimeter, [1]. DPC.
pantiles. Superficial corrosion of roof trusses. Frame: 2 double RSA corner stanchions [2], 15 RST
Generous overhanging eaves. Cracking of render and corrosion of mesh reinforcement. stanchions [3], 3 RSA perimeter ties [4], 5 RST trusses,
External walls rendered (roughcast) throughout. Cracking of hollow clinker blocks in external walls. 1 RST hip truss, RST hip and jack rafters, see frame
Steel windows and PS surrounds. Spalling of clinker partition blocks. layout [A].
Recessed porch. Cracking of floor screeds, skirtings and window sills. Protective coating: Red oxide paint.
Cracking and disintegration of pantiles. External walls: Roughcast rendered [5] hollow clinker
Cracking of cast iron flue pipes. concrete blocks [6] fair-faced internally.
Separating wall: Hollow plaster block cavity wall.
Profiled asbestos cement sheets in roof space.
Partitions: Straw reinforced plaster block. Clinker
concrete block around fuel store.
REFERENCES Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Not applicable.
BRE Report BR 145 Ceilings: Asbestos cement panels on RST ceiling
PWBS No. 1 support grid.
NBS Special Report No. 16 Roof: Timber battens, bituminous felt and asbestos
cement pantiles.

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Cranwell M030
Manufacturers: Cranwell Construction Co. Alternative name:
Cranwell Syndicate Ltd
Mid-Kent Builders Ltd
Designer:

Period built: 1945–48

Number built: 600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with inter-
locking concrete tiles or profiled asbestos cement
sheets.
External walls rendered throughout.
Gable apex clad with tile hanging or profiled asbestos
cement sheets.
PRC door and window surrounds.
Terraced houses have passage-way (ginnel) access to
rear garden.
REFERENCE
BRE Report BR 193
Minor corrosion of RSJ stanchions, particularly at bases.
Moderate corrosion of setting out jig.
Fine vertical cracks in render and in plaster linings at
stanchion locations.
Carbonation of PRC door and window surrounds and
corrosion of reinforcement.
Cracking and lifting of magnesite floor screed.
Shrinking of first floor joists and bulging of floor boarding
over RSJ floor support beams.
Substructure: Concrete trenchfill incorporating ground RSA frame connections over ginnel in terraced houses.
floor slab [1]. DPC. RSA truncated roof truss, hip rafters, jack rafters and
Frame: Setting out jig [2] around perimeter, 4 double ridge in hipped roofs.
RSA corner stanchions [3], 28 RSJ intermediate Plasterboard ceilings.
stanchions [4], 1 single storey RS stanchion, 1 RS floor Profiled asbestos cement sheet roof cover and cladding
support beam [5], 8 RSA perimeter ties [6], 1 RSA roof to gable apex.
truss, 2 RSA mock roof trusses, 6 RSA purlins and 2
RST ceiling supports. Separating wall frames connected
across cavity with steel straps, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red oxide, red lead or black
bituminous paint.
External walls: Rendered hollow clay blocks [7],
cavity, woodwool slabs [8]. Tile hanging at gable apex.
Separating wall: Hollow clay block cavity wall lined with
woodwool slabs. Block cavity in roof space.
Partitions: Block.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Fibreboard.
Roof: Timber rafters, bituminous felt and interlocking
concrete tiles.

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Cruden M031
Manufacturer: Cruden Houses Ltd Alternative names: Cruden Brick-clad
Cruden Rural

Designer:

Period built: 1947–50

Number built: 3000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. Severe corrosion of cold RSC stanchions, particularly at Substructure: Concrete strip footings. PC underbuilding Concrete underbuilding.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking bases. [1]. DPC. Harled brick external walls.
concrete tiles. Corrosion of beam and stanchion connections at first Frame: 24 cold RSC stanchions (1 single storey) [2], Painted concrete block external walls.
External walls of harled or plain painted PRC blocks floor level 4 cold RSA lateral perimeter ties [3], 8 cold RSC floor Suspended timber ground floor.
throughout. Corrosion of horizontal sill members. support beams [4], cold RSA sills, 8 cold RSC trusses Concrete ground floor.
Flat or sloping canopy over front door. Bowing of external concrete block walling. and cold RSA purlins, see frame layout [A]. Black bituminous paint protective coating.
Cracking of render and external walling. Protective coating: Zinc-chrome paint.
Cracking and spalling of concrete blocks at windows. External walls: Harled PRC blocks [5], cavity, timber
framing backed with building paper and lined with
The system was also used for flats. fibreboard and plasterboard [6]. Glass-fibre insulation
between frame studs. Fuel store lined with PRC blocks.
Separating wall: PRC block cavity wall lined with timber
framing backed with building paper, fibreboard and
REFERENCES plasterboard. Glass-fibre insulation between frame studs.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
BRE Report BR 139 Ground floor: PRC slabs on PC block dwarf walls.
NTHSc First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists on steel
beams.
Ceilings: Fibreboard and plasterboard on timber framing.
Roof: Bituminous felt, timber battens and interlocking
concrete tiles. PS eaves fascia, soffit and bargeboards.

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Cussins M032
Manufacturer: Cussins Ltd Alternative names: Cornes
Cornes Cussins
Cussins Cornes
Designer:

Period built: 1945–46

Number built: 3500

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with clay pantiles or
interlocking concrete tiles.
External walls of clay-slip-faced (unbonded pattern) or
rendered PRC panels, or brick throughout.
Varying window sizes.
Single storey brick outhouse to gable wall.
Flat canopy over front door.
REFERENCE
BRE Report BR 132
Minor corrosion of hollow box RSC stanchions,
particularly at bases and below DPC.
Minor corrosion of RSJ ground floor beams.
Superficial corrosion of RSC secondary framing.
Corrosion of reinforcement in PRC panels, restraining
hooks, associated rods and spacers.
Displacement of PRC panels.
Cracking of mortar joints between PRC panels.
Cracking of brickwork.
Detachment of render.
Substructure: Concrete strip footings [1]. Brick-faced Additional intermediate beams at ground floor, first floor
RC edge beam. DPC. and eaves level.
Frame: 9 double RSC stanchions each forming hollow Concrete raft foundation.
box [2], 12 RSJ perimeter beams [3], 6 RSJ floor and Brick external walls.
ceiling support beams [4], 1 RSJ trimmer beam [5], RSC Rendered PRC panel external walls
horizontal and vertical secondary framing [6], 6 RSJ Woodwool slab cavity separating wall.
rafters and 6 RSA purlins, see frame layout [A]. Frame Concrete block separating wall.
members connected with Kariscol joint, see figure [B]. Metal and timber framed partitions.
Protective coating: Red oxide paint. Secondary frame Suspended ground floor of T&G boarding on timber
with black bituminous paint. joists.
External walls: PRC panels faced with clay slips in Clay pantile roof cover.
unbonded pattern [7], tied back to MS bars [8], cavity,
woodwool slabs [9].
Separating wall: 9" brick.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Asphalt on concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber rafters, bituminous felt, timber battens
and interlocking concrete tiles.

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Denis Poulton M033

Manufacturer: Alternative name: Poulton

Designer: Denis Poulton

Period built: 1936–37

Number built: 30

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles.
External walls brick throughout.
Eaves height bay windows with curved ends.
Flat concrete canopy over front door.
REFERENCES
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- External wall linings and partitions of timber stud and
building. Concrete oversite slab [1]. DPC. wallboard.
Frame: 4 RSA corner stanchions [2]. 4 RST inter-
mediate stanchions [3]. 1 single storey RS stanchion,
8 RSJ perimeter beams [4], 1 RSJ floor support beam
[5], see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Tar.
External walls: Brick [6], cavity, plaster block [7].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Plaster block.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Wallboard.
Roof: Timber rafters and tiles.

PWBS No. 1
PWBS No. 25

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Dennis M034
Manufacturer: E B Dennis Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1945

Number built: 20

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with clay tiles.
External walls of brick throughout, or to first floor level
and tile hanging above.
Eaves height flat roofed bay windows with PC sills,
mullions and lintels.
Some houses have pitched and hipped roof porch
covered with clay tiles.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1]. RC External walls of brick to first floor level and tile hanging
strip footings. Brick underbuilding. DPC. on timber battens on timber stud framing above.
Frame: 10 RSJ stanchions [2], encased in concrete to
first floor level and in plasterboard above, 3 single storey
RSJ floor props, 2 RSC floor support ties [3], 1 RSJ floor
support beam [4], 6 RSA perimeter ties [5] and 2
truncated steel roof trusses, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Brick [6], cavity, foamed slag slabs [7].
Separating wall: Foamed slag slab cavity wall.
Partitions: Foamed slag slabs.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber purlins and rafters, bituminous felt and clay
tiles.

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Dennis-Wild M035
Manufacturer: James Wild & Co (Housing) Alternative names: Dennis
Dennis Steel Frame House
Dennis-Wild Patent Steel Frame
Designer: Composite System
James Wild
Wild
Period built: 1920s Wild Steel Frame System

Number built: 10,000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. Moderate to severe corrosion of RSJ stanchions, Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete pads Wide range of steelwork sizes.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles or slates. particularly at bases. below stanchions [1]. Brick underbuilding. DPC. RSAs as corner stanchions.
External walls of brick to first floor level and rendered DPC not always present. Frame: 9 RSJ stanchions [2] (one single storey), 2 RSC Stanchions encased in concrete.
[pebbledash] or tile or slate hanging above, or brick to Vertical cracking of brickwork at stanchion locations. [3] and 1 RSJ [4] floor support beams, 2 RSA perimeter No protective coatings to stanchions on one site.
eaves level. Vertical cracking of upper floor render at timber stud ties [5], see frame layout [A]. Facing brick to external walls eaves level.
Some houses have single storey bay window at front locations. Protective coating: Red lead/oxide primer. Rendered (pebbledash) block at external wall first floor
elevation. Bulging of external walls. External walls: Brick and block cavity wall up to first level (see photograph).
Cradle roof truss with iron tie rods. Wall ties: insufficient, failure to bridge wide cavity, floor level [6] and timber perimeter beams at first floor Single storey bay window.
corrosion. and eaves level [7], connected by timber studs [8], clad Brick-on-edge external wall inner leaf, partitions and
Decay of timber perimeter beams at first floor level. with tile or slate hanging [9] and lined with blocks [10]. separating wall.
Bowing of timber purlins and tilting of timber wall plates. Separating wall: Block cavity wall. Plasterboard lining to upper floor.
Partitions: Ground floor of brick and block. First floor Truncated cradle roof truss trimmed to horizontal timber
The system was also used for flats. of block. cross piece.
REFERENCES Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists. Kitchen
area concrete.
BRE Report BR 120 First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
PWBS No. 1 Ceilings: Asbestos cement sheets.
NBS Special Report 16 Roof: Timber rafters, purlins and tiles or slates. Cradle
NTHSc roof truss with iron tie rods, see figure [B].

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Discus M036
Manufacturer: Discus Research & Method Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1970s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached and semi-detached bungalows.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete inter-
locking tiles or bituminous felt.
External walls of render and brick slips.
Gable wall of brick slips throughout returned around
corners.
Some bungalows have unequal pitch gable roof to front
elevation.
REFERENCE
Asbestolux used in wall construction.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete slab foundations [1]. DPC. Roof cover of bituminous felt.
Frame: Volumetric box construction. Welded steel frame Unequal pitch gable roof to front elevation.
of hollow box stanchions and beams [2] and RSA floor
support beams [3], see frame layout [A]. Hollow box
stanchions and beams filled with foam insulation.
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Storey height timber frame infill panels
[4] sheathed externally and internally with Asbestolux
sheets, clad with brick slips [5] and render [6] and lined
with plasterboard [7] backed with fire resistant mat.
Panel core lined with Asbestolux. Fibreboard and
polystyrene insulation between frame studs [8].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Hollow box steel frame lined with
plasterboard.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses, chipboard and interlocking
concrete tiles.

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Dorlonco M037
Manufacturer: Dorman Long & Co. Ltd Alternative name: Dorman Long

Designer:

Period built: 1920–28

Number built: 10,000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch hipped or gable roofs covered with
concrete tiles, slates or pantiles.
External walls rendered or stone throughout, or
front and rear walls of brick to first floor level and
rendered above.
Gable wall of brick throughout.
Some dwellings have flat canopy above front door.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 110
BRE Report BR 149
PWBS No. 1
NBS Special Report No. 16
Minor to severe corrosion of RSA stanchions, particularly Substructure: Concrete ground beam [1]. Concrete
at bases. slab. DPC.
Carbonation and cracking of render. Frame: Setting out jig [2] around perimeter, 22 RSA
Vertical cracking of brickwork and render at stanchion stanchions [3], 1 single storey composite stanchion, 1
locations. RSC spine beam, 6 RSC [4] and 2 RSA [5] floor support
Corrosion of metal lathing in walls, floors, ceilings and beams, 4 RSA perimeter ties [6], 6 RSC beams trimming
roof cover. chimney breasts [7], 6 roof trusses with RST ceiling ties
Corrosion of wall ties. [8] and RSA rafters, 2 mock roof trusses with RSA
ceiling ties [9] and rafters, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Black bituminous paint.
External walls: Expanded metal lathing rendered both
sides, cavity, clinker concrete block [10].
Separating wall: Clinker concrete block cavity wall.
Partitions: 4" brick to ground floor, clinker concrete
block to first floor.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Concrete on expanded metal lathing.
Ceilings: Sand and cement to ground floor. Clinker
concrete on expanded metal lathing with sand and
cement finish to first floor.
Roof: Timber sarking and concrete tiles.
No setting out jig, RST intermediate stanchions, no
stanchions in separating wall, RSJ floor support beams,
no single storey composite stanchion or RSC spine beam,
flat steel eaves perimeter ties, see frame layout [B].
Rendered concrete, cork, clinker block external walls.
Clinker concrete block partitions throughout.
T&G boarding on timber joists at first floor.
Lath and plaster ceilings.
Timber rafters and purlins, bituminous felt and concrete
tile roof cover.
Stone clad external walls.
Brick external walls rendered above first floor level on
front and rear external walls.
Hollow clay pot linings.
Concrete ground floor partitions.
Slate roof cover on timber battens or on timber sarking.
Pantile roof cover on clinker concrete on mesh.

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Duplex Sheath M038

Manufacturer: Duplex-Sheath Construction Co. Ltd Alternative name: Duplex

Designer:

Period built: 1924

Number built: 1

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey detached house. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1]. None known.
Rendered semi-circular roof with ribs at regular intervals. assessment of steel framed houses is given in: Concrete slab thickened around perimeter. DPC.
Rendered external walls throughout. Frame: 8 RSJ single storey stanchions [2], 2 double
External brick chimney breast at gable ends. Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and RSC perimeter beams forming I [3], 2 double RSC
Flat canopy over front door. assessment (BR 113) perimeter beams [4], 2 RSJ floor support beams [5],
Dormer windows. Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) 11 semi-circular double RSA roof ribs each forming T
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) [6], 1 RSJ ridge beam [7] and steel rod bracings [8],
see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Rendered metal lathing cavity walls [9].
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Concrete.
REFERENCE First floor: PRC slabs on steel beams.
Ceilings: Not known.
Bemis A F. The evolving house. Vol. 3. Rational design Roof: Ridge tiles forming ribs over frame, bitumen-
Moir Report coated material and render on wire mesh [10].

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Falkiner-Nuttall M039
Manufacturer: Alternative name: Nuttall

Designer:

Period built: 1947

Number built: 40

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Semi-detached chalet bungalows.
Steep pitch gable roof covered with interlocking concrete
tiles.
External walls rendered throughout.
Gable apex clad with tile hanging.
Rendered dormers in front and rear elevations.
REFERENCE
BRE Report BR 144
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
RSC frames in good condition.
Superficial corrosion of other steelwork members.
Superficial corrosion of underside of corrugated steel
sheets.
Corrosion of expanded metal lathing.
Minor horizontal cracks in render.
CONSTRUCTION Roof: Bituminous felt, timber battens and interlocking
concrete tiles.
Substructure: Concrete raft foundation thickened Flat dormer roof of corrugated steel sheets, concrete
around perimeter [1]. DPC. screed and bituminous felt.
Frame: 2' or 3' storey height bolted RSC frames [2] with
steel rod bracings above and below windows [3] and
steel strap bracings below windows in dormers, 6 RSJ
floor support beams [4], RSA rafters [5], RSA [6] and VARIANTS
RSC [7] purlins, RSA roof stanchions [8], RST dormer
ceiling binders, tubular steel trusses and rod ties, see None known.
frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red oxide and bituminous paint.
Frames galvanised.
External walls: Expanded metal lathing rendered both
sides [9], cavity, vapour barrier and woodwool slabs [10].
Gable apex clad with tiles and lined with woodwool slabs.
Separating wall: Block cavity wall, single leaf in roof
space.
Partitions: Block.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Screed with mastic asphalt finish on
galvanised corrugated steel sheets [11].
Ceilings: Plasterboard.

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Formula M040
Manufacturer: Lewis and Watters Ltd Alternative name:

Designers: Thorne and Barton

Morrison and Partners

Period built: 1966–67

Number built: 160

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey hexagonal detached, semi-detached and terraced
houses.
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
External walls of tile hanging, coloured asbestos cement
sheets, and vertical or horizontal timber boarding.
Horizontal cover strips mask junctions at first floor and
eaves levels, and vertical cover strips mask joints at
panel junctions.
REFERENCE
Interbuild System Building 2
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete ring beam. Concrete slab [1]. External walls of timber frame panels clad with asbestos
Frame: 6 perimeter and 1 central tubular stanchions cement sheets, vertical or horizontal timber boarding,
[2], 12 RSA perimeter beams [3], 6 RSA panel supports and lined with fibreboard.
welded to perimeter beams [4] at first floor level, 12 Asbestos cement sheet cavity separating wall.
double RSA radial floor and roof support beams [5] each
forming T, see frame layout [A]. Based on hexagon with
sides of 12' 4".
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Storey height timber frame infill panels
clad with tile hanging [6] and lined with foil-backed
plasterboard. Polystyrene insulation between frame studs.
Separating wall: Brick cavity wall lined with
plasterboard.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber joists, insulation quilt, chipboard and
bituminous felt.

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Gateshead Corporation M041

Manufacturer: Alternative name: Gateshead Experimental

Designer: Gateshead Borough Council

Period built: 1950

Number built: 4

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Steep pitch gable roof covered with asbestos cement
tiles.
External walls of PRC slabs throughout.
Gable apex of asbestos cement tiles.
Flat canopy over front door on tubular steel columns.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete None known.
underbuilding thickened below stanchions [1]. Concrete
slab. DPC.
Frame: 11 double RSC stanchions [2] each forming
hollow box (1 single storey), 4 RSJ perimeter beams [3],
1 RSJ floor support beam [4], 3 RSJ roof trusses [5],
RSA purlins and bracings, see frame layout [A]. Frame
members connected with Kariscol joint, see figure [B].
Protective coating: Red oxide paint.
External walls: PRC slabs, cavity, foamed slag concrete
blocks [6].
Gable apex of asbestos cement tiles on timber battens.
Separating wall: Foamed slag concrete block cavity
wall.
Partitions: Foamed slag concrete blocks.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Pitchmastic on PRC slabs.
Ceilings: Ribbed metal lathing to ground floor,
plasterboard to first floor.
Roof: Timber rafters and asbestos cement tiles.

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Gee Walker & Slater M042

Manufacturer: Gee Walker & Slater Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1946

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos
cement sheets.
External walls of aerated concrete panels, pebble dashed
to first floor level and roughcast above, and panelled on
gable apex.
Smooth rendered band at first floor and eaves level.
Profiled asbestos canopy over front door supported on
square posts.
REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 82)
Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance
on inspection and assessment of steel framed houses is
given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete slab Fibreboard ceilings.
[1]. DPC. Protective coating of red lead and bituminous paint.
Frame: 8 RSJ stanchions [2] and 1 RSJ single storey Timber stud partitions.
stanchion, 8 RSJ perimeter beams [3], 2 RSJ floor
support beams [4], 2 RSJ trimmers [5] and 5 RSA
trussed purlins, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Bituminous paint.
External walls: Storey height concrete posts [6] clad
with aerated concrete slabs [7] rendered externally with
pebbledash to first floor level and roughcast above and
lined with aerated concrete slabs [8].
Separating wall: Concrete post and aerated concrete
panel cavity wall.
Partitions: Concrete posts lined with cement and
granulated cork reinforced slabs.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Cement and granulated cork slabs.
Roof: Profiled asbestos cement sheets.

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Grenfell Baines M043

Manufacturer: English Electric Ltd Alternative name: English Electric

Designer: Grenfell Baines Group

Period built: 1945

Number built: 2

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with bituminous felt.
Front and rear external walls of fine pebble dashed
ribbed steel sheets.
Gable wall of brick.
Brick pier at separating wall.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Hollow clay None known.
block oversite. Bituminous felt DPM. Concrete slab [1].
Frame: Steel channel setting out jig. Front and rear
elevations of eaves height PSC panels [2], RSC perimeter
beams [3], double RSA each forming T lattice first floor
joists [4], PSC floor ties [5] and roof panels of PSC
framing stiffened with PS cross members and
incorporating mock roof trusses, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: 2 coats of stoved Anodite.
External walls: Front and rear walls of vertically ribbed
steel sheets, cavity, woodwool slabs [6].
Gable wall of cavity brick [7].
Separating wall: Brick cavity wall.
Partitions: Woodwool slabs.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Plywood on timber bearers.
Ceilings: Woodwool slabs.
Roof: fibreboard and bituminous felt.

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Grid M044
Manufacturer: Morrison and Partners Alternative name: RM Housing

Designer: Morrison and Partners

Period built: 1966

Number built: 160

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey detached, semi-detached and terraced houses.
Flat roof covered with plastics sheets.
External walls of storey height timber frame infill panels
clad with tile or slate hanging, horizontal timber
boarding, coloured asbestos cement sheets, aluminium
or plastics sheets or concrete panels.
Vertical cover strips at corners.
Fascia panels encircling dwelling at eaves level.
Concrete apron around perimeter of building.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1966, 1967
IBSAC, February 1966
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchion External wall timber frame panels clad with tile or slate
locations. Concrete slab thickened around perimeter [1]. hanging, coloured asbestos cement sheets, aluminium
DPC. or plastics sheets.
Frame: 9 RS hollow box stanchions [2], 4 RSC floor External wall timber frame panels clad with concrete
support beams [3] (2 at intermediate stanchion position panels.
[4]), 4 RSC roof support beams [5] (2 at intermediate
stanchion position [6]), see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Storey height timber frame infill panels
clad with horizontal timber boarding over building paper
[7] and lined with honeycomb plasterboard [8]. Mineral
wool insulation between frame studs. Vertical timber
cover strips at corners.
Separating wall: Masonry.
Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber joists, plywood and plastics sheets.

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Hawthorn Leslie M045

Manufacturer: Hawthorn Leslie (Buildings) Alternative names: HLB
Plasteel

Designers: P Keate and F Mould

Period built: 1964–69

Number built: 3600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Bungalows and 2-storey detached, semi-detached and
terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles, or shallow pitch gable or flat roof
covered with bituminous felt.
External walls of storey height cladding panels coated
with various coloured aggregate finishes.
Large section timber cover strips mask corner and
separating wall junctions.
Gable apex clad with timber shiplap boarding.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 152
NBA Certificate February 1966
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Superficial corrosion at bases of RS hollow box
stanchions.
Loose or missing holding down bolts.
Corrosion of plain metal panel frames.
Separation of aggregate coating from cladding panels.
Warping of asbestos cement cladding sheets.
Rain penetration at panel-window frame joints.
Poorly constructed roof space separating walls.
Deterioration of bituminous felt roof cover.
Racking of roof trusses in detached dwellings.
Asbestos cement sheet claddings and fire protection
casings.
The system was also used for flats.
CONSTRUCTION
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1].
Perimeter kerb formed in oversite concrete. DPC.
Frame: 9 RS hollow box stanchions [2] (one single
storey) and 1 RSA floor support beam [3], see frame
layout [A].
Protective coating: Brown Primocon paint.
External walls: Storey height dwelling width galvanised
MS channel panels [4], complete with door and window
frames, clad with asbestos cement sheets and coated
with various coloured aggregate finishes, and lined with
plasterboard and filled with polyurethane insulation.
Panels bolted through stanchions and over-lapped at first
floor level. Timber cover strips at corners [5] and at
separating wall.
Gable apex clad with timber shiplap boarding.
Separating wall: Block cavity wall, 9" block laid flat in
roof space.
Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.
Ground floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
First floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses, bituminous felt and interlocking
concrete tiles.
VARIANTS
Ground floor slab thickened around perimeter to form
ground beam.
Intermediate stanchions omitted in narrow fronted
dwellings.
Gable external wall stanchions omitted.
Stanchions omitted in small detached bungalows.
External wall panels flush jointed with timber cover strip.
External wall panels overclad with timber or PVC shiplap
boarding.
Additional linings of plasterboard or honeycomb
plasterboard.
Concrete ground floor.
Timber stud partitions lined with plasterboard.
Flat or shallow pitch roof covered with bituminous felt.

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Hillcon M046
Manufacturer: Hills (West Bromwich) Ltd Alternative names: Hilcon
Hills

Designer: Hills Patent Glazing Co. Ltd

Period built: 1952

Number built: 100

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles.
External walls harled [roughcast] throughout with smooth
render around door and window openings.
PS door and window surrounds.
Flat PC canopy over front door.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 197
NTHSc
Severe corrosion of steel lattice stanchions, particularly
at bases.
Superficial corrosion of galvanised steelwork.
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- None known.
building stepped internally [1]. DPC.
Frame: 26 steel lattice stanchions (2 single storey) [2],
6 double RSA mock perimeter beams [3], 1 steel lattice
floor support beam, 2 RSA perimeter ties [4], steel
lattice floor joists [5], 8 steel lattice trusses and 1 RSA
mock truss, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Galvanised, or red oxide and black
bituminous paint.
External walls: Brick, cavity, timber framing lined with
plasterboard [6]. Insulation blanket in cavity.
Separating wall: 9" brick laid on edge.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete on expanded metal lathing [7]
on steel lattice joists.
First floor: T&G boarding on battens on steel lattice
joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber battens, timber sarking and interlocking
concrete tiles.

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Hills Presweld M047

Manufacturer: Hills (West Bromwich) Ltd Alternative names: Hills
Presweld

Designers: Hills Patent Glazing Co. Ltd

E D Hinchliffe

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Steep pitch gable roof covered with interlocking tiles or
PRC scalloped tiles.
External walls of brick, rendered block, roughcast no-fines
concrete or PC panels throughout.
Tile hanging to gable apex of some brick clad houses.
Terraced houses have ginnel access to rear.
PS door and window surrounds.
Flat PC or pitched tile canopy over front door.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 197
PWBS No. 25
NBA Certificate 1966
Superficial corrosion of steel lattice stanchions,
particularly at bases.
Vertical cracking to no-fines concrete external walling.
Galvanised components in sound condition.
Substructure: Concrete trenchfill incorporating ground Some steel components galvanised.
floor slab [1]. DPC. Roughcast no-fines concrete external walls.
Frame: 20 steel lattice stanchions [2], 6 steel lattice Rendered no-fines concrete block external walls.
floor joists [3], 1 double RSA mock joist [4], 5 RSA External walls of PRC panels, cavity, fibreboard on timber
perimeter ties [5], 6 steel lattice trusses and 1 RSA battens.
mock truss, see frame layout [A]. Glass fibre insulation in cavity.
Protective coating: Galvanised or red oxide and black Woodwool slab linings.
bituminous paint. Ground floor of timber boarding on battens bedded in
External walls: Brick and block cavity [6]. Block in roof concrete.
space. PS door and window surrounds. Roof cover of PRC scalloped tiles.
Separating wall: 9" brick, 9" block in roof space.
Partitions: 9" brick single storey spine wall, remainder
2" block.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on battens.
Ceilings: Plasterboard on battens.
Roof: Bituminous felt, timber battens and interlocking
tiles.

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Hitchins M048
Manufacturer: Hitchins Steel Core Buildings Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: A G MacDonald

Period built: 1946

Number built: 50

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos
cement sheets.
External walls of small exposed aggregate PC slabs.
Small radius rounded PC corner units.
Sloping and projecting band course at first floor level.
Gable apex of decorative tile hanging.
REFERENCE
BRE Archive
Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance
on inspection and assessment of steel framed houses is
given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- Plasterboard linings to walls and ceilings.
building [1]. DPC.
Frame: RS flat setting out jig [2], 26 tubular steel
stanchions encased in timber [3], RSC perimeter ties
[4], RS flat ties [5], 7 RS roof trusses, RS purlins and
bracings, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Bitumen and bituminous paint.
External walls: Exposed aggregate PC slabs infilled
with woodwool [6], cavity, timber framing lined with
plywood [7].
Separating wall: Tubular steel stanchions encased in
timber cavity wall backed with woodwool slabs and
faced with timber framing lined with plywood.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plywood.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber framing.
Ceilings: Fibreboard.
Roof: Profiled asbestos cement sheets.

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Homeville Industrialised M049

Manufacturer: The Homeville Co. Ltd Alternative name: Homeville

Designer:

Period built: 1963–70

Number built: 600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Bungalows and 2-storey detached, semi-detached and
terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of tile hanging or
mathematical tiles with brick or rendered block piers at
separating wall.
Gable wall of brick return piers at corners, recessed
render to eaves level and apex of timber shiplap
boarding, or recessed joint mathematical tiles
throughout.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 199
CIBSA 1968
NBA Certificates February 1966, May 967
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Minor corrosion of RSJ stanchions, particularly at bases.
Damage at corners and wide joints to concrete panels in
gable wall.
Poorly constructed roof space separating wall.
The system was also used for flats.
CONSTRUCTION First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1]. Roof: Timber trusses, bituminous felt and interlocking
Concrete slab thickened around perimeter. DPC. concrete tiles.
Frame: 4 RSJ stanchions [2], 1 RSJ single storey and
1 RS hollow box single storey stanchion, 4 RSJ [3] and
4 RSC [4] perimeter beams, 1 RSJ wall panel support
beam [5], 1 RSJ floor support beam [6] and RSA VARIANTS
bracings, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red oxide paint. RSA braces within separating wall.
External walls: Front and rear walls of brick pier at Rendered block pier to separating wall and gable return
separating wall and timber frame infill panels clad with corners.
tile hanging and lined with foil-backed plasterboard [7]. Mathematical tiles on gable wall up to roof line.
Gable wall of brick return piers at corners [8], storey Asbestos cement sheet linings in roof space of gable
height rendered gas concrete panels [9] recessed behind apex and separating walls.
brick piers, cavity and lined with honeycomb plasterboard. Gable and separating wall lined with 3 layers of
Insulation quilt in cavity. laminated plasterboard.
Apex clad with timber shiplap boarding. 2 layers of
plasterboard to inside of gable roof truss.
Separating wall: Honeycomb plasterboard cavity wall,
2 layers of plasterboard to inside of roof truss. Insulation
quilt in cavity.
Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.

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Howard Type A M050

Manufacturer: John Howard & Co. Ltd Alternative name: Howard

Designers: Philip Powell

Eric Chick

Period built: 1945

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION First floor: T&G boarding on flitched joists.
Ceilings: Laminated board to ground floor, fibreboard
2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete slab stepped around perimeter to first floor.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos assessment of steel framed houses is given in: with extended apron. [1] DPC. Roof: Profiled asbestos cement sheets.
cement sheets. Frame: 2 RSA [2] and 3 RSJ [3] stanchions, 2 RSA
External walls of clay tile-faced PC panels to ground floor Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and frames, 3 RSJ single storey stanchions, 1 RSJ floor
window sill level and flat asbestos cement sheets in assessment (BR 113) support beam [4], 9 flitched [5] and 2 PSC [6] first floor
horizontal bands above. Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) joists, braced RSA spandrel perimeter beams at first VARIANTS
Timber cover strips mask corners. Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) floor and eaves level [7], RSA cladding rails [8], 7 RST
Recess at separating wall on both front and rear roof trusses and RSA purlins. None known.
elevations infilled with projecting single storey storage Protective coating: Not known.
area on both elevations. External walls: Front and rear walls of clay-tile-faced
Steel window frames. PC panels to ground floor window sill level [9] and timber
framing clad with flat asbestos cement sheets in
horizontal bands above [10] (gable wall throughout),
REFERENCE cavity, timber framing overlaid with aluminium-coated
bituminous paper, infilled with woodwool slabs and lined
PWBS No. 23 with asbestos cement sheets [11].
Separating wall: Timber frame panel cavity wall infilled
with woodwool slabs and backed and lined with flat
asbestos cement sheets.
Partitions: Timber framing infilled with woodwool slabs
and lined with asbestos cement sheets.
Ground floor: Concrete.

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Howard Type B M051

Manufacturer: John Howard & Co. Ltd Alternative name: Howard

Designers: Philip Powell

Eric Chick

Period built: 1945–50

Number built: 1500

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos
cement sheets.
External walls of PC panels to ground floor window sill
level and flat asbestos cement sheets in horizontal bands
above.
Timber cover strips mask corners.
Recess at separating wall on both front and rear
elevations infilled with projecting single storey storage
area on both elevations.
Steel window frames.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 78
PWBS No. 23
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Superficial corrosion of RSA, RSC and RSJ stanchions,
particularly at bases.
Superficial corrosion of RSA cladding rails, RSA spandrel
perimeter beams and roof trusses.
Rain penetration at joints of wall panels.
Asbestos cement sheet claddings, roof cover, internal
separating wall linings and fire stops at first floor level.
CONSTRUCTION Partitions: Timber stud infilled with woodwool slabs
and lined with plasterboard.
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1]. PC Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
block underbuilding. Oversite concrete. DPC. First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Frame: 2 RSA [2] and 2 RSC [3] stanchions, 2 RSA Ceilings: Plasterboard at ground floor and fibreboard at
frames, 4 RSJ single storey stanchions [4], 1 RSA first floor.
spandrel support stanchion [5], 2 RSJ floor support Roof: Wire reinforced polyethylene sarking and profiled
beams [6], 9 RSJ ground and first floor joists [7], asbestos cement sheets.
braced RSA spandrel perimeter beams at first floor and
eaves level [8], RSA cladding rails [9], 8 RSA roof
trusses and 10 RSA purlins, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red lead paint and black bituminous VARIANTS
paint.
External walls: PC panels [10] to ground floor window None known.
sill level and timber framing clad with flat asbestos cement
sheets in horizontal bands [11] above, cavity, timber
frame panels overlaid with aluminium-coated bituminous
paper, infilled with woodwool slabs and lined with
plasterboard [12]. Timber cover strips at corners.
Separating wall: Timber frame panel cavity wall infilled
with woodwool slabs, backed with flat asbestos cement
sheets to first floor and plasterboard above and lined
with plasterboard. Mineral wool insulation quilt in cavity.
Woodwool slabs on both sides of central roof truss.

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IBIS M052
Manufacturers: Richard Thomas & Baldwins Alternative name: RTB
Pressed Steel Co.

Designer: A Gordon & Partners

Period built: 1960s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey detached, semi-detached and
terraced houses.
Monopitch or flat roof covered with butyl rubber sheets.
Aggregate-coated external walls to first floor level and
vertically profiled steel sheets above.
Corners masked with cover strips.
Some dwellings have single storey or 2-storey extensions.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1968
IBSAC December 1965, October 1967
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1]. Monopitch roof with PSC rafters.
Concrete oversite. PC apron around perimeter [2]. DPC.
Frame: 11 PS hollow box stanchions [3], 12 PS hollow
box perimeter beams [4], 8 PS hollow box floor and
ceiling support beams and PSC intermediate joists [5],
see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Galvanised or RTB-coated.
External walls: Storey height PSC frame panels clad
with steel backed with polystyrene sheets, aggregate-
coated [6] to first floor level and vertically profiled above
[7]. Lined with plasterboard [8].
Separating wall: PSC frame panel cavity wall lined with
plasterboard.
Partitions: PSC frame panels lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Plywood sheets on steel joists.
First floor: Plywood sheets on steel joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Plywood sheets with one piece butyl rubber
covering, fixed around the edges, and weighted down
with pebbles.

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Integer M053
Manufacturer: Fitzpatrick & Son Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 30

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: RC slab [1]. None known.
Flat roof with generous overhang on front and rear assessment of steel framed houses is given in: Frame: Setting out jig [2]. PS panel framing (module
elevation. basis 4') [3]. PS vertical jointing tubes [4].
External walls of flat PS panels clad with aluminium Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and Protective coating: Galvanised.
sheets and large areas of glazing. assessment (BR 113) External walls: Flat aluminium sheets [5], expanded
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) polyurethane foam, cavity, plasterboard [6]. Lattice steel
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) roof joists [7].
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: PS panel framing lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Woodwool slabs.
REFERENCE

CIBSA 1967

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Kelvin M054
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1926

Number built: 2

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows.
Shallow pitch hipped roof covered with copper sheets.
External walls rendered [roughcast] throughout.
Steel windows with concrete sills.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions. None known.
Concrete strip foundation and vented underbuilding.
Frame: 16 RSA stanchions, 5 RSA floor support
beams, RSA rafters and RST ceiling ties.
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Timber framing clad with roughcast
render on mesh and lined with fibreboard.
Separating wall: Timber framing lined with fibreboard.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with fibreboard.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber purlins on RSA clips, timber boarding,
bituminous felt and copper sheets.

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Keyhouse Unibuilt M055

Manufacturer: Keyhouse Unibuilt Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: Richard Sheppard

G Grey Wornum

Period built: 1946

Number built: 4

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached houses.
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
Painted asbestos cement tray external walls throughout.
Narrow trays at corners and at separating wall.
PS trims to windows and doors.
Flat canopy on tubular supports over front door.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 203
PWBS No. 23
NTHSc
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Severe corrosion with complete loss of section to RSC
stanchions and bracings, particularly at bases.
Corrosion of cladding panel fixing clips.
Corrosion of internal PS trims around windows.
Corrosion of conduit and socket boxes.
No insulation or ventilation in roof space.
Deterioration of PRC floor slabs.
Deterioration of PRC edge beam.
Movement in PC coping around roof perimeter.
CONSTRUCTION First floor: PRC slabs [9] on timber bearers.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Vented brick Roof: PRC slabs, timber boarding and bituminous felt
underbuilding. PRC edge beam [1]. Honeycomb brick [10]. PC coping around perimeter [11].
internal sleeper walls [2]. DPC.
Frame: Eaves height cold RSC frame panels [3] each
formed with 3 double vertical members and horizontal and
diagonal bracings welded between verticals, (corner units VARIANTS
[4] have 4 vertical members at corner edge), 4 RSA
perimeter ties [5], cold RSC double horizontal member Cantilevered canopy over front door.
floor and roof joists [6], cold RSC single horizontal
member lattice ties, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Stove enamelled.
External walls: Frame panels clad with painted asbestos
cement trays [7] filled with woodwool slabs and lined
with plasterboard on timber noggins [8] and joints masked
with flat steel cover strips. Narrow trays at corners and
separating wall.
Separating wall: Woodwool slab cavity wall backed and
lined with laminated plasterboard.
Partitions: PSC studs lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists. Hall and
kitchen PRC slabs on timber joists.

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Kingstone M056
Manufacturer: Tarran Industries Ltd Alternative name: Tarran

Designer:

Period built: 1945

Number built: 4

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with copper sheets.
External walls of exposed aggregate-faced PRC slabs
with open joints.
REFERENCE
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Sprayed asbestos insulation on cavity side of sheet
steel diaphragm.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
CONSTRUCTION First floor: Timber boarding on timber bearers.
Ceilings: Timber framed cast plaster panels.
Substructure: Concrete slab. Concrete underbuilding Roof: Timber framed panels, timber boarding,
[1]. DPC. bituminous felt and copper sheets.
Frame: Storey height PSC frame panels [2] with welded
sheet steel diaphragm [3] sprayed with asbestos
insulation on inner face. PS wall plate and drip at ground
floor [4] and first floor [5] levels. PSC frame floor panels VARIANTS
at ground floor [6] and first floor [7] levels. 5 storey
height tubular steel floor panel props. 7 PSC roof trusses. External walls of 2-storey panels.
See frame layout [A]. Floor panels fitted inside the external walls.
Protective coating: Red lead or read oxide paint. Separating wall with steel diaphragms omitted.
External walls: Open jointed exposed aggregate PRC
panels [8] supported on steel rods [9] welded hori-
zontally to PSC panels, cavity, sheet steel diaphragm,
timber framing [10] lined with cast plaster panels [11].
Asbestos cement sheets at gable apex.
Separating wall: Cavity wall of PSC frames backed with
steel diaphragm and lined with PRC panels and timber
framing lined with cast plaster panels.
Partitions: PSC framing and timber framing lined with
cast plaster panels.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber bearers.

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Langlands M057
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1926

Number built: 2

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip foundation and None known.
Shallow pitch hipped roof covered with asbestos cement assessment of steel framed houses is given in: underbuilding.
slates. Frame: 4 RSA corner stanchions, 22 RST intermediate
External walls of concrete blocks throughout, protruding Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and stanchions, 4 RSJ floor support beams, 2 RSJ perimeter
at quoins. assessment (BR 113) beams, RSA ceiling support beams, RST rafters and RSA
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) struts.
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: 2" concrete blocks with rods along
horizontal joints, cavity, timber framing.
Separating wall: Breeze concrete cavity wall.
Partitions: Timber stud.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber and RSA
joists.
REFERENCE First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber purlins, timber sarking, bituminous felt and
asbestos cement slates.

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Liverpool Corporation M058

Manufacturer: Liverpool Corporation Alternative names:

Designer:

Period built: 1920s

Number built:

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with slates.
External walls rendered throughout.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and No construction details known. None known.
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)

REFERENCE

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Livett-Cartwright M059
Manufacturer: N B Bell & Co. Ltd Alternative names: Bell-Livett
Index
Leeds Corporation
Designer:

Period built: 1948–56

Number built: 2500

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with profiled asbestos
cement sheets or interlocking concrete tiles.
External walls of storey height exposed aggregate or plain
PRC panels (L-shaped at corners) throughout.
PS window and door surrounds.
Flat canopy over doors.
Plain PRC panelled houses have projecting band course
at first floor window sill level.
Single storey flat roof outhouse at flank wall.
Metal cowl to chimney.
REFERENCE
BRE Report BR 133
Minor corrosion of RSJ stanchions, particularly at bases
and PRC plinth level.
Corrosion of steel windows and PS surrounds.
Spalling of concrete PRC panels window sills and door
canopies.
Deterioration of mortar joints between PRC panels.
Corrosion of cast iron flue pipes.
Substructure: Concrete pad [1] below stanchions, PRC External walls of plain PRC panels and projecting band
plinth units. Concrete slab. DPC. course at first floor window sill level.
Frame: 9 RSJ stanchions [2] (one single storey), 4 RSC Woodwool fibre insulation in external cavity wall.
perimeter beams [3], 6 RSA [4] and 4 RST [5] cladding PC window surrounds.
rails, 1 RSJ floor support beam [6], composite lattice floor In-situ concrete plinth.
joists [7], RSA purlins, RSJ hip rafters, RSA mid-hip rafter Timber first floor joists.
and 2 RST trusses with RSA struts, see frame layout [A]. Interlocking concrete tile roof cover.
Protective coating: Red oxide primer, black bituminous PC chimney units.
paint.
External walls: Exposed aggregate storey height 18"
width PRC panels [8], cavity, timber frame panels lined
with plasterboard [9]. Glass fibre insulation quilt in cavity.
Separating wall: PRC panel cavity wall and timber
panels lined with plasterboard to eaves level.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on composite lattice joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins, bituminous felt and
profiled asbestos cement sheets.

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Lowton-Cubitt M060
Manufacturers: Cubitts Construction Systems Ltd Alternative names: Cubitt
Lowton-Cubitt Housing Ltd LC
LC System
Designer: Lowton Construction Group Modulow

Period built: 1964–1970s

Number built: 3700

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles.
External walls of tile hanging, PVC shiplap boarding or
render.
Brick panels at separating wall.
Gable wall of brick throughout or mathematical tiles to
eaves level and vertical timber boarding at apex.
Brick or mathematical tiles returned around front and
rear walls.
Some dwellings have integral garages and utility rooms
on ground floor giving appearance of 3-storey house.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 188
CIBSA 1970
NBA Certificates 1966, May 1967, December 1969
Minor to moderate corrosion of RSC frame and RS hollow
box stanchions, particularly at external wall bases located
below DPC.
Damaged, loose or missing holding down bolts.
Vertical and horizontal cracking of gas concrete panels,
particularly in separating wall.
Rain penetration at infill panel-brick joints.
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Concrete trench foundation rebated
externally [1]. DPC.
Frame: 2 2' 0" [2] and 2 4' 0" welded RSC frames, 2 RS
hollow box stanchions [3], 6 RSA [4] and 2 RSC [5]
perimeter beams, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red oxide paint and site applied
black bituminous paint.
External walls: Front and rear walls of brick panel,
cavity, gas concrete panels at separating wall and timber
frame infill panels clad with tile hanging and lined with
insulation board and plasterboard [6].
Gable wall of brick, cavity, gas concrete panels [7]
returned around front and rear walls.
Separating wall: Gas concrete panel cavity wall. Block
in roof space, sealed at eaves level.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard to ground
floor and honeycomb plasterboard to first floor.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses, bituminous felt and interlocking
concrete tiles. Truss lined with sheathing at gable wall.
Concrete pads and PRC ground beams.
No rebate to front edge.
Steel frames all 2' 0" wide and additional RS hollow box
stanchions. Siting of steel frames vary, see frame layouts
[B] and [C]. Single storey or eaves height RS hollow box
stanchions in front and rear walls.
Mathematical tile cladding at separating and gable walls,
returned around front and rear walls.
Gable apex clad with vertical timber boarding.
Chipboard to external face of steel frames.
Timber stud frame, glass fibre insulation, lined with
plasterboard.
PVC shiplap boarding or render to front and rear infill
panels.
Chipboard on timber joists at ground floor.
Plasterboard lining to separating wall.
Gas concrete panels to roof line.
Trussed timber or plywood webbed purlins.
Brick integral garage and utility room on ground floor
[no steelwork at this level] forming a 3-storey house.

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Macfarlane M061
Manufacturer: Walter Macfarlane & Co. Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1926

Number built: 2

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Vented concrete foundation. DPC. None known.
Shallow pitch hipped roof covered with asbestos cement assessment of steel framed houses is given in: Frame: 2 cast iron angle corner stanchions, 22 cast
slates. iron channel section stanchions. Cast iron angle beams,
External walls rendered [roughcast] throughout. Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and cast iron T-section rafters, cast iron angle ceiling ties.
Steel windows. assessment (BR 113) Protective coating: Not known.
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) External walls: Rendered [roughcast] rectangular cast
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) iron panels bolted to stanchion flanges, timber framing
lined with fibreboard. Steel windows.
Separating wall: 4 1/2" brick.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Fibreboard.
REFERENCE Roof: Timber purlins on cast iron clips, timber boarding
and asbestos cement slates.

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Mark M062
Manufacturers: Marnel Holdings Ltd Alternative name: Marnel
Marnel Development Co. Ltd
Five Oaks Group
Designers: A. Clark
Marsh and Jolley

Period built: 1965–75

Number built: 50

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey detached, semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles.
Front and rear walls rendered to first floor level and tile
hanging above, or rendered with horizontal timber
boarding between ground floor window head level and
first floor window sill level.
Rendered gable wall. Apex clad with band of shiplap
boarding and tile hanging above.
Flat canopy over front door supported on tubular steel
props.
Deep fascia at eaves level.
REFERENCES
NBA Certificate
CIBSA February 1966, 1967
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
CONSTRUCTION First floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions. Concrete Roof: Timber trusses, bituminous felt, timber battens and
foundation along gable wall [1]. Concrete slab. DPC. interlocking concrete tiles.
Frame: 6 RSJ stanchions [2], 4 RSC perimeter beams
[3], 4 RSJ perimeter beams [4] and 1 RSJ floor support
beam [5], see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Not known. VARIANTS
External walls: Storey height timber frame panels faced
with bituminous paper with front and rear walls clad with Sizes of steelwork vary with spans.
rendered woodwool slabs and lined with foil-backed honey- Additional intermediate stanchion.
comb plasterboard [6] to first floor level and clad with Floor support beam spanning from front to rear.
tile hanging on timber battens and lined with chipboard Front and rear external walls clad with rendered plywood
backed with polystyrene insulation [7] above. with horizontal timber boarding between ground floor
Gable wall of rendered brick with apex clad with band of window head level and first floor window sill level.
shiplap boarding with tile hanging above and lined with
foil-backed honeycomb plasterboard [8] to first floor level
and chipboard backed with polystyrene insulation above.
Separating wall: Concrete block lined with foil-backed
honeycomb plasterboard.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with honeycomb plaster-
board.
Ground floor: Concrete.

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Minox M063
Manufacturers: F J Minns & Co. Ltd Alternative name:
Minox Structures Ltd

Designer:

Period built: 1965

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION First floor: Chipboard.

2 storey detached and semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of eaves height plastics-
faced central panels and asbestos cement infill panels.
Gable wall of brick or brick panels.
REFERENCES
IBSAC September and December 1965
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Substructure: Concrete pads [1]. PC ground beams. Roof: Timber battens and concrete tiles.
Concrete slab.
Frame: 30 double cold RSC, forming Z-section stanchions
[2], 8 double cold RSC forming I-section perimeter
beams [3], double cold RSC forming I-section floor VARIANTS
support beams [4] and steel roof trusses, see frame
layout [A]. Gable wall outer leaf of brick.
Protective coating: 2 coats of stove enamel on
phosphate.
External walls: Front and rear walls of eaves height
timber frame panels [5] clad centrally with eaves height
plastics-faced PC panels and elsewhere with asbestos
cement sheets [6].
Gable wall of brick panels [7]. Lined with foil-backed
plasterboard [8]. Cavity filled with polyurethane foam
insulation [9].
Separating wall: Foil-backed plasterboard cavity wall.
Cavity filled with no-fines concrete. Brick or block in roof
space.
Partitions: Composite (sandwich) plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.

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MOHLG 5M M064
Manufacturer: Alternative names: 5M
CLASP
CLASP 5M
Designer: Ministry of Housing & Local
Government Development
Group (Patricia Tindale)
Period built: 1963–70

Number built: 3500

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ground floor: Concrete.

Bungalows, 2- and 3-storey semi-detached and terraced
houses.
Flat roof covered with asphalt.
Front and rear external walls of vertical T&G boarding or
exposed aggregate PRC panels to first floor level, and of
decorative tile or slate hanging above or with roughcast
panels between upper window frames.
Flank wall of brick or decorative tile hanging throughout,
or of exposed aggregate PRC panels to first floor level
and decorative tile hanging above.
Generally plywood or ribbed asbestos cement fascia panels
encircling dwelling at first floor and eaves level.
Vertical timber cover strips at corners.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 200
CIBSA 1965
NBA Certificates 1966, May 1967
Superficial corrosion of RS hollow box stanchions,
particularly at bases.
Excessive steel shim packing pieces.
Carbonation of concrete kerb.
Carbonation, cracking and spalling of PC panels.
Rot in plywood box perimeter beams and lower areas of
timber claddings.
Ineffective insulation in external walls.
Cracks in, and poor drainage to, asphalt roof cover.
Asbestos cement sheet external sheathing, fascia panels,
ceilings in passageways and strip fire protection.
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Concrete ground floor slab with raised
perimeter kerb and apron [1]. DPC.
Frame: 9 RS hollow box stanchions [2], 2 composite floor
and roof support beams, 6 plywood box perimeter beams
[3], 2 timber floor joist beams, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red oxide and zinc chromate paint.
External walls: Front and rear walls to first floor level
of storey height timber frame panels clad with vertical
T&G boarding over bituminous building paper [4].
Flank wall to first floor level of storey height timber frame
panels clad with exposed aggregate PRC panels [5]. Upper
storey flank, front and rear walls, of timber frame panels
sheathed externally with asbestos cement sheets, building
paper and tile hanging [6]. Lined with foil-backed plaster-
board throughout. Mineral fibre insulation blanket between
frame studs. Timber cover strips at corners [7]. Flat
plywood fascia panels to first floor and eaves perimeter
beams [8].
Separating wall: Laminated plasterboard panel cavity
wall. Mineral fibre insulation blanket in cavity. Asbestos
cement sheet fire stops.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists on joist hangers.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Mineral fibre insulation blanket, plywood decking
and asphalt.
VARIANTS
PRC kerb bedded in concrete slab.
Concrete strip footings and brick underbuilding.
Additional stanchions, 2-storey (extra bedroom) or single
storey (passageway, garages).
Brick outer leaf flank wall.
Exposed aggregate PRC panels or brick flank wall
returned around ground floor corners.
Flank, front and rear external walls of timber frame panels
sheathed externally with fibreboard and slate or tile hanging.
Ribbed asbestos cement sheet fascia panels.
Rendered 3" block cavity separating wall.
Chipboard flooring.
Asbestos cement sheet ceilings to through passageways.
Single storey extension of exposed aggregate PRC panels
forming enclosed porches, storage areas or integral
garages to some dwellings.

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Mucklow Plan M065

Manufacturers: A & J Mucklow Group Ltd Alternative name: Mucklow
Mucklow Plan Ltd

Designer: Mucklow Plan Ltd

Period built: 1965 onward

Number built: 400

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced
houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with tiles or flat roof
covered with elastomeric compound.
Front and rear external walls of brick to first floor level
and asbestos cement slates or concrete tiles above.
Flank wall of brick throughout, returned around corners,
Deep horizontal timber boarding fascia at roof level.
Some houses have single storey flat roof extension to
rear elevation.
REFERENCES
NBA Certificate October 1966
CIBSA 1967
IBSAC May 1967
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
CONSTRUCTION Roof: Stressed skin plywood panels and elastomeric
compound.
Substructure: Oversite concrete thickened around peri-
meter [1]. Concrete pad at corners. DPC.
Frame: Volumetric box construction. Storey height PSA
frame units [2] sheathed externally with plasterboard, VARIANTS
see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Not known. Upper storey front and rear external walls clad with
External walls: Front and rear walls clad with brick [3] concrete tiles on timber battens.
to first floor level and asbestos cement slates [4] on Roof cover of tiles.
timber battens on building paper above and flank wall of
brick [5] throughout. Lined with storey height stressed
skin plywood panels with plywood cellular ribs infilled
with Stellite insulation [6]. Horizontal timber boarding
fascia at eaves level [7].
Separating wall: Stressed skin plywood cavity wall
backed with plasterboard and one leaf infilled with Stellite
insulation.
Partitions: Stressed skin plywood panels.
Ground floor: Stressed skin plywood panels.
First floor: Double stressed skin plywood panels with
Stellite insulation between panels.
Ceilings: Plywood.

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Multispan M066
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1960s

Number built:

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. None known.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with tiles. assessment of steel framed houses is given in: External walls: Not known.
External walls rendered throughout with horizontal Separating wall: Not known.
timber boarding to gable apex. Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and Partitions: Not known.
assessment (BR 113) Ground floor: Not known.
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) First floor: Not known.
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known.

REFERENCE

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New Georgian M067

Manufacturer: A Roberts & Co. Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Steep pitch hipped roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles.
External walls of brick throughout.
Octagonal windows to ground floor.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. brick under- None known.
building. Concrete slab [1]. DPC.
Frame: 18 RSJ stanchions [2], 1 single storey concrete
encased double RSA forming T stanchion, 2 RSJ [3] and
2 RST [4] perimeter beams, 1 RSJ floor support beam,
4 double RSA forming T floor support beams [5], 4 RSA
perimeter ties [6], RSA window ties [7], RSA trusses and
purlins and RSC hip rafter, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Bituminous paint.
External walls: Brick, cavity, PSC frames infilled with
woodwool slabs [8].
Separating wall: PSC frame, infilled with woodwool
slabs, cavity wall with concrete clinker slabs between
stanchions.
Partitions: PSC frames infilled with woodwool slabs.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard to ground floor, woodwool slabs
to first floor.
Roof: Timber frame, timber battens and concrete inter-
locking tiles.

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Nissen-Petren M068
Manufacturer: Nissen-Petren Houses Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: Petter & Warren

Period built: 1925

Number built: 20

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Semi-circular/curved roof covered with bituminous-
coated corrugated steel sheets.
Rendered [roughcast] external walls throughout.
REFERENCES
Superficial corrosion to steel ribs, particularly at bases
and in roof.
Severe corrosion of corrugated steel sheets.
Deterioration of bituminous protective coating to roof.
Wet rot in timber purlins.
No separating wall in roof space.
Substructure: Concrete slab thickened around perimeter Concrete strip foundation and brick underbuilding.
[1]. DPC. Rendered brick cavity external walls.
Frame: 5 semi-circular RST ribs [2] each of 3 sections Suspended timber ground floor.
connected by bolted plates, see frame layout [A]. Angular mansard roof.
Protective coating: Grey oxide paint.
External walls: Rendered [3] concrete block cavity
walls [4].
Separating wall: Masonry.
Partitions: Concrete block.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists
Ceilings: Lath and plaster.
Roof: Timber purlins [5] and bituminous-coated
corrugated steel sheets [6].

BRE Report BR 163

NBS Special Report No. 16
NTHSc

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Northern Ideal Homesteads M069

Manufacturers: Northern Ideal Homesteads Ltd Alternative names: Bracpress
Land & Developments Group Ideal
Ideal Industrialised
Designer:

Period built: 1966

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced
houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking concrete
tiles.
Front and rear walls of timber frame panels, complete with
door and window units, on ground floor, aggregate-faced
glass reinforced plastics spandrel panels at first floor level
and timber frame panels, complete with windows, above.
Gable wall of aggregate-faced glass fibre reinforced
plastics panels throughout.
Aggregate-faced glass reinforced plastics cover panel at
separating wall.
Timber frame flat canopy on tubular supports over front
door.
REFERENCES
IBSAC May 1966
NBA Certificates September 1966, withdrawn March 1967
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
CONSTRUCTION Roof: Counter battens, bituminous felt and interlocking
concrete tiles.
Substructure: RC edge beams. Concrete slab [1].
Concrete plinth [2]. DPC.
Frame: 20 RS lattice stanchions [3] (some single storey)
[4], 4 RSJ perimeter beams [5], 1 RSJ floor support VARIANTS
beam and 8 RS lattice trusses [6], see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Galvanised. None known.
External walls: Front and rear walls of timber frame
panels, complete with door and window units [7], to first
floor level, aggregate-faced glass fibre plastics spandrel
panels at first floor level and timber frame panels,
complete with window unit, above.
Gable wall of aggregate-faced glass fibre reinforced
plastics panels [8], cavity, Stramit panels [9] backed with
bituminous paper.
Separating wall: Block cavity wall lined with plaster-
board.
Partitions: Stramit (strawboard) panels.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
First floor: T&G boarding on steel lattice joists [10].
Ceilings: Plasterboard.

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Nuttall Building System M070

Manufacturer: Nuttall Houses (Richmond) Ltd Alternative name: Nuttall

Designer:

Period built: 1947–64

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles or flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
External walls of shiplap timber boarding to first floor
level and tile hanging above.
Single storey porch extension to front elevation.
REFERENCE
BRE Archive
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Short bored piles below stanchions [1]. Timber roof trusses.
Concrete slab. DPC. Flat roof with steel or timber joists, Stramit compressed
Frame: 21 double RSA stanchions each forming hollow straw boarding and bituminous felt.
box [2] (1 single storey), 4 RSC perimeter beams [3],
2 RSA perimeter ties [4] and 7 roof trusses with lattice
rafters and RSA ties [5], see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Galvanised.
External walls: Horizontal shiplap timber boarding on
timber battens [6] to first floor level and bituminous felt
and tile hanging on timber battens [7] above, cavity,
Stramit boards [8].
Separating wall: Asbestos-faced Stramit board cavity
wall. Glass fibre insulation in cavity.
Partitions: Stramit board.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Plywood sheets on timber joists on timber
floor support beam.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Bituminous felt, timber battens and interlocking
concrete tiles.

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Nuttall Mk II M071
Manufacturer: Nuttall Houses (Richmond) Ltd Alternative name: Nuttall

Designers: Steane Shipman & Associates

A George & Associates

Period built: 1964

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey detached, semi-detached and terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete slab thickened around perimeter Plasterboard linings to external wall.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking assessment of steel framed houses is given in: [1]. DPC. Honeycomb plasterboard linings to partitions.
concrete tiles. Frame: 19 RS hollow box stanchions [2] (3 single
Front and rear external walls of shiplap timber boarding Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and storey), 1 RSJ floor support beam [3], 11 lattice floor
throughout. assessment (BR 113) joists [4], 2 double RSA mock perimeter beams [5],
Brick gable wall. Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) 2 RSC perimeter beams [6], and 11 roof trusses [7]
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) with lattice rafters and RSA ties, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Not known.
The system was also used for flats. External walls: Front and rear walls of shiplap timber
boarding [8] on timber battens, cavity, Stramit board
[9] on timber battens.
Gable wall of cavity brick [10] throughout.
Separating wall: Not known.
REFERENCE Partitions: Stramit strawboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
NBA Certificate January 1967 First floor: Plywood on timber battens.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Bituminous felt, timber battens and interlocking
concrete tiles.

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Open System Building M072

Manufacturer: Open System Building Ltd Alternative names: Dare
OSB
Poulson
Designer: J G L Poulson

Period built: 1967–70

Number built: 500

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of storey height PRC panels
infilled with asbestos cement sheets to ground floor
window sill level and PVC boarding above.
Gable wall of brick or PRC panels returned around corners
of front and rear walls.
Exposed edge of PRC slab coated with bitumen.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 204
CIBSA 1970
NBA Certificate April 1968
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Steelwork in good condition.
Concrete pads to support beams missing from some
gable walls.
Severe cracking and bowing of PRC panels in front and
rear walls.
Uneven floor where timber boarding passes over PSC
support beams.
The system was also used for flats.
CONSTRUCTION First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: 2 layers of plasterboard to ground floor.
Substructure: Concrete raft foundation thickened Polystyrene backed plasterboard to first floor.
around perimeter [1]. DPC. Roof: Timber trusses, bituminous felt and interlocking
Frame: 3 PSC stanchions [2] (one single storey), 5 PSC concrete tiles.
floor support beams [3] and 4 PSC perimeter beams [4],
see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Galvanised.
External walls: Front and rear walls of timber frame VARIANTS
panels clad with storey height PRC panels [5], lined with
polystyrene backed plasterboard and foil-backed plaster- PRC panels to gable wall supported by additional PSC
board [6] and infilled with storey height timber frame stanchions and beams, see frame layout [B].
panels [7], incorporating doors and windows, clad to Honeycomb plasterboard partitions.
ground floor window sill level with asbestos cement sheets
[8] and PVC boarding [9] above and lined with poly-
styrene and plasterboard backed with polyethylene vapour
control layer.
Brick and block cavity gable wall [10] with brick returns
around corners and lined with plasterboard. PC pads [11]
supporting PSC floor support and perimeter beams.
Separating wall: Block cavity wall lined with
plasterboard. 9" block in roof space laid flat.
Partitions: Strawboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.

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Paragon M073
Manufacturer: G & J Weir Ltd Alternative names: Weir
Weir Paragon

Designer:

Period built: 1945

Number built: 100

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. RC under- Fibreboard linings and ceilings.
Flat roof covered with painted steel sheets. assessment of steel framed houses is given in: building [1]. Oversite concrete. pitchmastic DPM. Steel cover strips over butt jointed steel panels.
External walls of harled or painted flat steel sheets. Frame: Not applicable. Concrete foundation walls.
Bungalows U-shaped on plan. Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and Protective coating: Paint harling externally, red lead
Flat canopy over front door situated in recess. assessment (BR 113) paint internally.
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) External walls: Storey height tray section PS panels [2]
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) joggled along one edge with welded PSC and PSA
stiffeners, PSC frame [3] lined with rexine-faced plaster-
board. Glass fibre insulation quilt between frames [4].
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: PS frame lined with rexine-faced
plasterboard.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber battens on
REFERENCE composite joists of timber and PS channels [5].
First floor: Not applicable.
NTHSc Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: PSC roof supports [6] and tray section PS sheets
[7]. Glass fibre insulation at ceiling level.

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Phoenix Temporary Bungalow M074

Manufacturer: Alternative names: Phoenix
Prefab

Designer:

Period built: 1945–48

Number built: 2000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete slab [1]. DPC. None known.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos assessment of steel framed houses is given in: Frame: 6 tubular steel portal frames [2], 6 tubular
cement sheets. steel props, PSC fixing rails [3], see frame layout [A].
External walls of profiled asbestos cement sheets Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and Protective coating: Not known.
throughout. assessment (BR 113) External walls: Vertically profiled asbestos cement
Flat roof canopy over central front door. Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) sheets [4], cavity, aluminium-faced paper, timber framing
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) lined with plywood [5].
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plywood.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber battens on
concrete slab.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Fibreboard (sloping ceiling).
REFERENCE Roof: Timber framing and profiled asbestos cement
sheets.
NTHSc

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Portal Temporary Bungalow M075

Manufacturers: Briggs Motor Bodies Alternative names: MOW Emergency
Pressed Steel Co. Portal
Prefab
Designers: A W Kenyon
C J Mole

Period built: 1944

Number built: 1

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalow.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled steel
sheets coated with tar and sand.
External walls of profiled steel sheets coated with
sanded paint.
Gable apex of flat steel sheets.
Flat roof extension on gable wall provides an entrance
hall and storage area.
REFERENCE
White R B, Prefabrication
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete slab [1]. DPC. None known.
Frame: Hollow box PS setting out jig [2], hollow box PS
posts [3], double PSC forming complex I-section floor
support joists [4], PSC section secondary joists [5],
double PSC forming I-section tapered rafters [6] and
PSA lattice purlin at ridge, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Bituminous paint, tar and sand.
External walls: PSC frame panels clad with profiled
steel sheets [7], cavity, aluminium backed building
paper, timber framing lined with plywood [8].
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: PS framing lined with plywood.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on PS joists.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Steel sheets on timber framing.
Roof: Profiled PS sheets.

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Procol M076
Manufacturer: Harrison Procol Systems Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: T Spencer & Partners

Period built: 1960s

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of PC exposed aggregate
panels clad with asbestos cement sheets.
Gable wall of exposed aggregate PC panels throughout.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1965, 1966, 1967
IBSAC April 1965
Asbestolux used in ceilings.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions, PC ring Concrete footings and underbuilding.
beam [1]. DPC. Concrete ground floor.
Frame: 9 RS hollow box stanchions [2], 8 RSA perimeter First floor of chipboard.
beams [3], and 3 RST floor and ceiling support beams
[4], see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red oxide paint.
External walls: Front and rear walls of exposed
aggregate PC panels [5] infilled with storey height timber
frame panels, incorporating doors and windows, clad
with asbestos cement sheets [6].
Gable wall of exposed aggregate PC panels throughout
[7] lined with woodwool slabs [8].
Separating wall: Woodwool cavity wall filled with pea
gravel.
Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Asbestolux.
Roof: Timber trusses, bituminous felt and interlocking
concrete tiles.

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Quality M077
Manufacturer: G & J Weir Ltd Alternative names: Phoenix (after refurbishment)
Weir
Weir Quality
Designer: Cardonald Housing Corp. Ltd

Period built: 1945

Number built: 4000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION First floor: T&G boarding on PSC joists [8].
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. Asbestos fibres sprayed one inside of steel roof panels Substructure: Concrete pads. Masonry piers to PC Roof: Bituminous felt, insulation and flat steel sheets [9].
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt. and on both sides of steel panel version separating wall. plinth [1]. Small concrete footing to support masonry
External walls of painted or paint harled flat steel sheets apron sealing perimeter of under floor void.
throughout. Stock re-furbished with brick outer skin and hipped or Frame: 3 tubular RS stanchions (1 single storey), 1 pair
Recessed corner porch with tubular stanchion supports. gable pitched roof covered with interlocking concrete single storey RS tubular stanchions [2], 5 double PSC VARIANTS
tiles. each forming I-section floor support beams [3], 2 PSC
floor support beams [4] and 7 double PSC each forming Double PSC, forming hollow box stanchions.
I-section roof support beams [5] (12 tapered), see Ground floor of T&G boarding on steel joists.
frame layout [A]. Separating wall of steel panels with trough-shaped
Protective coating: Stoved iron oxide paint, paint stiffeners welded on both sides and sprayed with
harled externally. asbestos fibres.
External walls: Storey height tray like steel panels [6] Pitched and hipped roof with concrete interlocking tiles.
with trough-shaped steel channel stiffeners welded
REFERENCES vertically to rear face, cavity, timber frame panels
sheathed externally with fibreboard over vapour control
PWBS No. 25 layer and lined with plasterboard [7].
NTHSc Separating wall: RSA frame and timber frame cavity wall
lined with plasterboard. Woodwool slabs within steel
frame.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: PC slabs.

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Reith M078
Manufacturer: John Cran & Somerville Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1926

Number built: 4

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with steel sheets.
External walls of flat steel sheets throughout.
Steel canopy over central recessed front door.
Small window above front entrance.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete under- None known.
building [1] and dwarf walls. DPC.
Frame: Not applicable.
Protective coating: Paint or paint harling.
External walls: Tray-like steel panels [2] bolted together
through flanges, timber framing [3] fixed between
flanges of steel sheets and lined with fibreboard.
Separating wall: Timber stud infilled with breeze
concrete slabs and lined with fibreboard.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with fibreboard.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Fibreboard.
Roof: Tray-like steel panels [4].

NTHSc

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Resiform M079
Manufacturer: William Old Ltd Alternative name:

Designers: Richardson, Son & Knowles

Field and Shaw

Period built: 1965

Number built: 6

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles, or flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
External walls of storey height glass fibre reinforced
resin panels.
Flat canopy over front door.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1965, 1966
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: RC raft foundation [1]. Lattice steel joists to first floor and roof level.
Frame: PSA corner stanchions [2] and double PSA Honeycomb plasterboard linings.
forming T intermediate stanchions [3], PSA perimeter Suspended timber ground floor.
beams [4] and double PSA forming C perimeter beams Pitched roof of timber trusses, bituminous felt and
[5]. interlocking concrete tiles.
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Storey height glass fibre reinforced
resin panels backed with perforated asbestos cement
sheets [6], PS angle Dexion framing, cavity, glass fibre
insulation quilt, timber studding lined with plasterboard [7].
Separating wall: Timber frame cavity wall lined with
plasterboard. Glass fibre insulation quilt in cavity.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber joists, chipboard, glass fibre insulation
and bituminous felt.

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Riley M080
Manufacturers: Riley Constructional Systems Alternative name:
Cawood, Wharton & Co. Ltd

Designer:

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 200

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with profiled metal
sheets or corrugated asbestos cement sheets.
External walls rendered to first floor level and of flat
aluminium sheets and vertical timber strips above.
Aluminium weather strip encircles houses at first floor
and eaves level.
PS trims to windows and doors.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 221
PWBS No. 25
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Minor corrosion to RSC stanchions, particularly at bases.
Corrosion of RSC setting out channel.
Superficial corrosion of steelwork in roof space.
Superficial corrosion of internal faces of flat aluminium
sheets at gable apex.
Corrosion of expanded metal lathing.
Cracking, bulging and spalling of render.
CONSTRUCTION First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Substructure: Concrete ground floor slab thickened Roof: Corrugated asbestos cement sheets.
around edges [1]. DPC.
Frame: RSC setting out channel [2] around perimeter,
12 double RSC stanchions each forming hollow box [3]
(4 single storey [4]), 2 RSC perimeter beams [5], 4 VARIANTS
lattice steel floor support beams [6], 3 RSA floor ties
[7], 2 RST ceiling ties [8], 2 RSA roof trusses, 3 steel Insulated profiled metal sheet roof cover.
trussed purlins, 2 RSA lattice purlins [9] and RSA and
steel rod bracings, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red lead paint.
External walls: Eaves height timber frame panels clad
with render on expanded metal lathing [10] to first floor
level and flat aluminium sheets backed with bituminous
building paper, and vertical timber strips [11] above.
Lined with plasterboard throughout. Glass fibre insulation
blanket between frame studs. No insulation or lining at
gable apex.
Separating wall: Block cavity wall. Single skin in roof
space.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.

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Roften M081
Manufacturer: Roften Homes Ltd Alternative name:

Designers: Williams & Williams Ltd

A E Roberts & Co. Ltd
Steel Company of Wales
Period built: 1964

Number built: 600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Bungalows and 2-storey terraced houses.
Flat roof covered with butyl sheets.
Front and rear external walls of flat asbestos cement
sheets, plywood or tile hanging.
Flank wall of asbestos cement sheets throughout, or tile
hanging on upper storey.
Houses overclad above first floor level or between ground
floor window head level and first floor window sill level
with horizontally profiled steel sheets.
PS window frames.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 119
CIBSA 1967
NBA Certificates February 1966, September 1969
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Superficial corrosion of PS setting out channels.
Minor corrosion of PSC framed panels, fixing bolts,
window frames and troughed PS roof decking.
Deterioration of butyl sheet roof cover.
Rot in plywood roof deck.
CONSTRUCTION
Substructure: RC raft foundation, [1]. DPC.
Frame: PS setting out channel [2], 4 RSC corner
stanchions [3], 2 PS hollow box floor support beams [4],
2 plated PS hollow box roof support beams [5], 2 braced
PSC beams at first floor [6] and 2 at roof level [7],
troughed steel sheet floor and roof deck [8], see frame
layout [A].
Protective coating: Red oxide and black bituminous
paint.
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
dwelling width PSC or timber frame panels [9] complete
with door and window frames, clad with asbestos cement
sheets and lined with foil-backed plasterboard [10].
Flank wall of storey height PSC frame panels [11], infilled
with two leaves of woodwool slabs [12] separated by
cavity, clad with asbestos cement sheets and lined with
asbestos cement sheets. Polystyrene insulation between
frame studs throughout. Upper storey panels overclad
with horizontally profiled galvanised sheet steel protected
with plastics coating [13].
Separating wall: Storey height PSC frame panels infilled
with two leaves of woodwool slabs separated by cavity,
clad and lined with asbestos cement sheets. Polystyrene
insulation between frame studs.
Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Plywood or woodite panels on troughed PS
decking.
Ceilings: Asbestos cement sheets.
Roof: Troughed PS decking, polystyrene insulation,
plywood sheets and butyl sheets.
VARIANTS
Plywood clad infill panels in front and rear external walls.
Front and rear external walls overclad with flat steel
sheets between ground floor window head level and first
floor window sill level.
Asbestos cement sheet linings throughout.
Asbestos based sheet floor and roof deck.
Ceilings of composite sheet linings of asbestos cellulose
fibreboard and wood fibre insulation board.
Glass fibre quilt roof insulation.

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Rothschild M082
Manufacturers: B I Prefabrication Co. Alternative name: Shamah Houses
Prebuilt Construction Ltd

Designer: Prebuilt Construction Ltd

Period built: 1946–48

Number built: 50

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Roof: Reinforced steel mesh and clay tiles.

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with clay tiles.
External walls of brick throughout.
PC canopy supported on steel posts over front door.
REFERENCE
Deterioration of protective coatings to steelwork in roof
space.
Superficial corrosion of stanchions and beams.
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: RC raft foundation. DPC.
Frame: 16 RSJ corner and intermediate stanchions [1],
1 single storey stanchion, 4 single storey RSJ inter- VARIANTS
mediate stanchions [2], 2 RSJ perimeter beams at first
floor level [3], 4 RSC perimeter beams [4], 3 RSJ floor Plasterboard ceilings.
support beams [5], 2 RSA stairwell trimmers, 5 RSC
perimeter beams at eaves level [6], 1 RSJ perimeter beam,
5 RSJ ceiling support beams [7], RSC and RSJ rafters,
RSJ hip rafters, RSA purlins and collar ties and RSJ ridge
beam, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red oxide paint. Additional
bituminous coating to steel in cavity.
External walls: Brick [8] coated internally with pitch,
cavity, aluminium-faced bituminous paper, PSC framed
chipboard [9].
Separating wall: 9" hollow concrete block, cavity, PSC
framed chipboard.
Partitions: PSC framed chipboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: PC planks.
Ceilings: Fibreboard on timber battens. First floor battens
clipped to RST ceiling supports.

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Rotinoff M083
Manufacturer: Rotinoff Construction Ltd Alternative name:

Designers: Patrick Abercrombie

R Nickson

Period built: 1945

Number built: 2

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled aluminium
sheets or asbestos cement sheets.
External walls of storey height painted vertically profiled
aluminium sheets.
Gable apex of painted flat aluminium sheets.
Prominent aluminium drip around perimeter at first floor
level.
REFERENCE
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
CONSTRUCTION
Substructure: Trench fill concrete foundation. Concrete
slab [1]. DPC.
Frame: Volumetric box and panel construction. Storey
height aluminium frame of I-section stanchions [2],
Z-section and channel section perimeter beams [3],
channel section floor and ceiling support beams [4] and
aluminium trusses [5], see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Aluminium paint externally,
bituminous paint internally.
External walls: Profiled aluminium sheets [6], cavity,
timber framing sheathed externally with fibreboard and
lined with plywood [7].
Separating wall: Timber frame cavity wall lined with
plywood and infilled with woodwool slabs.
Partitions: Loadbearing: aluminium framing with timber
framing backed with fibreboard and lined with plywood.
Non-loadbearing: timber framing lined with plywood.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on PS channels on cork
strips on I-section aluminium joists [8].
First floor: T&G boarding on PS channels on cork strips
on I-section aluminium joists.
Ceilings: Ground floor of plywood on timber framing
infilled with woodwool slabs. First floor of fibreboard on
timber framing.
Roof: Timber sarking, bituminous paper and profiled
aluminium sheets.
VARIANTS
External wall linings of plastered woodwool slabs,
vermiculite concrete slabs, aerated concrete slabs or
plasterboard.
Vapour control layer in roof.
Roof cover of aluminium sandwich with cork or paper
infill.
Roof cover of asbestos cement sheets with insulation at
first floor ceiling level.
Floors of T&G boarding on timber battens.

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RTB Temporary Bungalow M084

Manufacturer: Richard Thomas & Baldwins Alternative names: Richard Thomas & Baldwins
RTB

Designer:

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 1

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. None known.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled metal assessment of steel framed houses is given in: External walls: Not known.
sheets. Separating wall: Not known.
External walls covered with flat metal sheets. Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and Partitions: Not known.
assessment (BR 113) Ground floor: Not known.
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) First floor: Not known.
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known.

REFERENCE

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Rubery Owen M085

Manufacturer: Rubery Owen Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1945

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2- storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete slab [1]. Brick underbuilding Single leaf brick to separating wall in roof space.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos assessment of steel framed houses is given in: and sleeper walls. DPC. Lightweight concrete roof slabs.
cement sheets. Frame: PSJ stanchions [2], PSC perimeter beams [3] Plasterboard ceilings.
External walls of brick to first floor level and profiled Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and and floor support joists [4]. Glass wool insulation at upper storey ceiling level.
aluminium sheets above. assessment (BR 113) Protective coating: Not known. Rolled steel framing.
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) External walls: Brick [5] to first floor level and profiled Plasterboard or fibreboard linings.
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) aluminium sheets [6] above, cavity, composite panels of First floor of T&G boarding on timber joists.
plywood and expanded rubber [7].
Separating wall: Brick cavity wall.
Partitions: Composite plywood panels.
Ground floor: PRC slabs on brick sleeper walls.
First floor: Cellular plywood on PS floor joists.
Ceilings: Fibreboard.
REFERENCE Roof: PS trusses and 2 layers of profiled asbestos
cement sheets.

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Seco M086
Manufacturer: Selection Engineering Co. Ltd Alternative names: Seco Frame
Seco Permanent House
Uni-Seco
Designer: R G Booth

Period built: 1946

Number built: 2

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance Substructure: Concrete slab thickened around perimeter Linings of fibreboard overlaid with plasterboard.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking on inspection and assessment of steel framed houses is [1]. DPC. Plasterboard ceilings at first floor level.
concrete tiles. given in: Frame: Storey height PSC framed units [2], PSC panel Plasterboard and fibreboard ceilings at eaves level.
Front and rear external walls of bonded brick slips to ties [3], PS I-section floor joists [4], RSA cladding rails Separating wall of breeze concrete slabs, cavity, PSC
first floor level and PC panels with horizontal weatherboard Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and [5] and PSC roof trusses [6], see frame layout [A]. frame units backed with plasterboard.
facing above. assessment (BR 113) Protective coating: Zinc chromate primer.
Gable wall of PC panels with horizontal weatherboard Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) External walls: Front and rear walls of PC panels faced
facing throughout. Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) with bonded brick slips [7] to first floor level and PC slabs
with horizontal weatherboard facing [8] above, cavity,
aluminium-faced bituminous paper, woodwool slabs [9].
Gable wall of PC slabs with horizontal weatherboard
facing throughout [10].
Separating wall: PSC frame units lined with woodwool
REFERENCE slabs.
Partitions: PSC frame units lined with woodwool slabs.
BRE Archive (EP 26) Ground floor: Plywood on timber battens on
bituminous felt on concrete.
First floor: Plywood on timber battens.
Ceilings: Woodwool slabs.
Roof: Timber sarking, timber battens and counter
battens and interlocking concrete tiles.

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Shipston Aluminium M087

Manufacturer: Blackburn (Dumbarton) Ltd Alternative name: Shipston

Designer: C D Robinson

Period built: 1955

Number built: 1

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalow. Not investigated by BRE. Substructure: Concrete raft foundation with chamfered None known.
Shallow pitch hipped roof covered with profiled aluminium edges [1]. DPC.
sheets. Frame: Storey height aluminium frame panels with
External walls of horizontally ribbed aluminium sheets channel section members [2] and intermediate channel
throughout. section aluminium studs backed with timber battens [3].
Aluminium sheet cover strips at corners. Protective coating: Not known.
Recessed front door. External walls: Horizontally ribbed aluminium sheets
[4], glass fibre insulation, plasterboard [5].
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: Aluminium framing with timber intermediate
studs lined with hardboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Not applicable.
REFERENCE Ceilings: Hardboard on timber joists.
Roof: Aluminium angle rafters and profiled aluminium
NTHSc sheets.

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Spaceway M088
Manufacturers: Spaceway Ltd Alternative name:
Medway Building Group Ltd

Designer:

Period built: 1976

Number built: 40

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached and linked bungalows.
Shallow pitch gable or flat roof covered with bituminous
felt.
External walls of flat glass reinforced plastics sheets.
Gable apex of vertical timber boarding.
Windows with rounded corners and sideways sliding
sashes.
Flat roof canopy over front door.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete pads at corners [1]. None known.
Frame: Volumetric box construction. Hollow box steel
stanchions at corners and C-section steel beams [3] and
floor joists [4], see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Timber framing clad with glass reinforced
plastics sub-frame and lined with plasterboard. Foam
insulation between frame studs [5].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Suspended textured panels.
Roof: Not known.

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Steane M089
Manufacturer: J & A Steane Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1945–50

Number built: 200

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey detached and semi-detached
houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with clay tiles.
External walls of horizontally banded stone-faced PRC
panels or brick slips throughout.
Piers to front door with flat decorative concrete canopy.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 205
PWBS No. 25
Superficial corrosion of RSC stanchions, particularly at
bases.
Superficial corrosion of setting out jig.
Superficial corrosion of RSA perimeter ties.
Cracking of PRC panels.
Cracking of breeze concrete panels.
Movement at joints of PRC and breeze concrete panels.
Voids in separating wall at first floor and eaves level.
Floor and ceiling joists distorted.
Cracking and lifting of ground floor screed.
Deterioration of roof bituminous felt.
Substructure: Concrete raft foundation thickened around Brick slip facing to PRC panels.
perimeter [1]. DPC.
Frame: RSA setting out jig around perimeter [2], 24 RSC
stanchions [3], 8 RSA perimeter ties [4], 12 composite
floor joists [5], 3 RSA eaves perimeter beams [6],
composite ceiling joists, RSA purlins, rafters and hip
rafters, and RSC lintels, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Black bituminous paint.
External walls: Horizontally grooved PRC panels [7],
cavity, storey height breeze concrete panels [8].
Separating wall: Storey height breeze concrete panel
cavity wall.
Partitions: Breeze concrete panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on composite joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Bituminous felt, timber battens and clay tiles.

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Stewart & Lloyd M090

Manufacturer: Stewart & Lloyd Ltd Alternative name: Lloyd

Designer: Arcon Ltd

Period built: 1945

Number built: 2

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls of PRC panels to first floor level and
profiled asbestos cement sheets above.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Not known. None known.
Frame: RSA setting out jig [1], tubular steel stanchions
[2], tubular steel perimeter beams [3], lattice steel floor
support beams [4] and tubular steel roof trusses and
bracings.
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Storey height PRC panels [5] to first
floor level and profiled asbestos cement sheets [6]
above, cavity, timber framing infilled with woodwool slabs
and lined with plasterboard [7].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Timber framing infilled with woodwool slabs
and lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Concrete tiles.

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Stuart M091
Manufacturer: Stuart & Sons (Housing) Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1946–50

Number built: 2500

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Roof: Timber rafters, timber sarking, roofing felt, timber
battens and concrete tiles.
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. Superficial corrosion of RSA stanchions, particularly at Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick piers below
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with concrete tiles. bases, and ground floor lattice beams, first floor lattice stanchions [1]. Brick underbuilding stepped internally [2].
External walls harled [roughcast] throughout. joists and floor support beams. Dwarf support walls. DPC.
Flat canopy over front door. Vertical and horizontal cracking of flank walls. Frame: 4 double RSA corner stanchions forming channel VARIANTS
Cracking between ground floor window heads and first (single RSA above first floor level) [3], 3 double RSA
floor window sills on front and rear external walls. stanchions forming T [4], 2 RSA stanchions [5], 2 RSA Concrete pads below stanchions.
floor support beams [6], 1 double RSA floor support Screeded PRC slabs to ground floor.
The system was also used for flats. beam [7] and 1 double RSA ceiling support beam [8] Block external walls.
each forming T, 2 RSA ceiling support beams [9], 3 RSA Honeycomb plaster panel inner leaf, and separating wall,
perimeter beams [10], composite lattice floor beams with concrete columns and ring beams formed within
[11] and floor joists [12], steel lattice purlins and hip panels.
and raking rafters, see frame layout [A]. Honeycomb plaster panel partitions and ceilings.
Protective coating: Red oxide paint and black bitumi- RSC raking and hip rafters, RSA diagonal struts.
REFERENCES nous paint.
External walls: Harled brick [13], cavity, timber framing
BRE Report BR 219 lined with plasterboard over insulating paper [14].
PWBS No. 1 Separating wall: Rendered block cavity wall.
PWBS No. 25 Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
NTHSc Ground floor: T&G boarding on lattice joists.
First floor: T&G boarding on lattice joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.

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Symplex M092
Manufacturers: C Cornes & Sons Ltd Alternative names: Cornes
Cussins Ltd Cornes Cussins
Cussins
Designer: Forshaw, Greaves & Partners Cussins Cornes

Period built: 1965

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof or flat roof covered with plastics
roof sheets or interlocking concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of storey height timber
frame panels incorporating doors and windows, clad
with shiplap boarding and tile-faced PC panels.
Gable wall of tile-faced PC panels throughout.
REFERENCE
NBA Certificate 1966
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete pad below stanchions [1]. Suspended ground floor of chipboard or plywood on
Concrete slab thickened around perimeter. DPC. timber joists.
Frame: 8 RSC stanchions [2], (2 single storey) 4 RSC First floor of plywood on timber joists.
perimeter beams [3], 4 RSJ perimeter beams [4], 1 RSJ Stramit boards cavity separating wall.
floor support beam, 1 RST ceiling support beam, and Interlocking concrete tile roof cover.
1 RSJ and 2 RSA roof trusses each with RSA ties [5], see Flat roof.
frame layout [A]. Frame members connected with
Kariscol joint, see figure [B].
Protective coating: Chromium plumbate paint.
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
timber frame panels, incorporating doors and windows,
clad with shiplap boarding [6] and tile-faced PC panels
[7], cavity, Stramit boards [8].
Gable wall clad with tile-faced PC panels throughout [9].
Separating wall: Concrete lined with plasterboard.
Partitions: Stramit (strawboard) boarding.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber purlins, flaxboard and Duraform plastics
sheets.

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Telford M093
Manufacturer: Braithwaite & Co. Ltd Alternative names: Braithwaite
Braithwaite Unit Frame

Designer:

Period built: 1924

Number built: 300

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Severe corrosion of steel panels, particularly at bases. Substructure: Concrete trenchfill incorporating ground RSA purlins, timber rafters and plain clay tiles.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with steel panels or Corrosion of panel fixing bolts. floor slab [1]. Raised and splayed perimeter kerb and Some houses re-roofed with interlocking concrete tiles.
plain clay tiles. Corrosion and expansion of joints between panels. apron. Concrete slab foundation.
External walls of storey height flat steel panels throughout Superficial corrosion to backs of panels and to roof Frame: Not applicable.
with rounded corners and projecting band course at first space steelwork. Protective coating: Black bituminous paint or red lead
floor level. Bow in wall panels. paint sprinkled with cork granules.
Single storey bay window. Cracked and broken concrete kerb. External walls: Tray like storey height steel panels [2]
Rot in timber framing. and rounded corner panels [3] bolted together through
Rot in ground floor boarding. flanges. Projecting steel band course at first floor level
[4], Timber framing [5] tied to panels with metal straps
and lined with asbestos cement sheets.
Separating wall: Double cavity timber stud frames lined
with asbestos cement sheets. Central leaf of storey
REFERENCES height steel panels.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with asbestos cement
BRE Report BR 189 sheets. Steel panels in kitchen and coal store area.
Bemis A F, The evolving house. Vol. III Rational design Ground floor: Concrete. Living room T&G boarding on
NBS Special Report No. 16 timber battens bedded in concrete.
PWBS No. 1 First floor: T&G boarding on flitched timber joists.
Ceilings: Asbestos cement sheets.
Roof: RSA ties and steel panels.

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Thames M094
Manufacturer: Briggs Motor Bodies Ltd Alternative name: Thames House

Designer: Joseph Emberton

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Roof: Curved steel panels with edges of panels turned
up and sealed with capping piece and covered with
2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete under- bituminous (green mineral) felt.
Curved ribbed roof covered with bituminous felt. assessment of steel framed houses is given in: building [1]. DPC.
External walls of steel sheets throughout. Frame: PS ring beams at ground floor and first floor
Projecting PS beams at ground floor and first floor level. Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and level [2]. Storey height PSC frame panels [3]. Double VARIANTS
assessment (BR 113) PSC floor joists forming I-section [4] at ground floor
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) and first floor level, see frame layout [A]. None known
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) Protective coating: Panels stoved with 1 coat red
oxide-alkyd primer and 1 coat undercoat. Perimeter
beams sprayed with zinc and coated with aluminised
bituminous paint.
External walls: Steel sheets [5], aerated concrete [6],
plaster.
Separating wall: Cavity wall of PSC panels infilled with
REFERENCES aerated concrete, backed with steel sheets and lined
with plaster.
BRE Archive (EP 92) Partitions: Steel framing infilled with aerated
concrete.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on steel joists.
First floor: Timber boarding on steel joists.
Ceilings: PS trays. Ground floor infilled with aerated
concrete.

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Thorncliffe M095
Manufacturer: Newton Chambers & Co. Ltd Alternative names: Cast Iron
Newton Chambers

Designer:

Period built: 1927–28

Number built: 600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Steep pitch hipped roof covered with clay tiles.
External walls of rendered rectangular cast iron
loadbearing panels with pointed joints.
Tiled sloping canopy above front door.
Exposed rafter ends at eaves.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 111
PWBS No. 1
Superficial corrosion of internal faces of cast-iron panels.
Corrosion of holding down bolts.
Cracking of concrete kerb.
Disruption of solid ground floor and brick substructure.
Bulging of external walls.
Failure of pointing of panel joints.
Spalling of render.
Substructure: Concrete ground beam stepped internally Concrete strip foundation and brick underbuilding.
forming kerb to support floor joists and splayed externally Fibreboard linings.
to form water shed [1]. DPC. Concrete ground floor throughout.
Frame: Not applicable. Interlocking clay tiles.
Protective coating: Black bituminous paint to back and
edges of panels.
External walls: Rendered rectangular cast iron panels
[2] and corner units [3] about 3' high bolted together
through timber fillets [4]. Lined with asbestos cement
sheets.
Separating wall: 9" brick lined with asbestos cement
sheets, 4 1/2" brick in roof space.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with asbestos cement
sheets.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Kitchen area concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Asbestos cement sheets.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and plain clay tiles.

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Trusteel 3M M096
Manufacturer: Trusteel Corporation (Universal) Ltd Alternative name: Trusteel

Designer: M R Park
C R Stapleford

Period built: 1966–76

Number built: 17,000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced
houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof or monopitch covered with inter-
locking concrete tiles or slates or flat roof covered with
asphalt.
External walls of brick, concrete panel, tile hanging or
shiplap timber boarding throughout or in combination.
Steelwork visible in roof space.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 147
CIBSA 1970
NBA Certificates February 1966, May 1967, March 1969
Scottish NBA Certificate
Superficial corrosion of cold RSC stanchions, particularly
at bases.
Superficial corrosion of steel lintels over doors and
windows.
DPC near or below ground level.
Debris and mortar droppings in cavity bottom.
Condensation and mould growth in living areas and roof
space.
Damaged, loose or missing roof tiles and flashings.
Inadequate fire stopping of separating wall.
Flue pipes misaligned, poor support and missing
sections.
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Concrete raft foundation thickened below
stanchions and loadbearing walls [1]. DPC.
Frame: 13 double cold RSC forming I-section stanchions
[2], 6 cold RSC perimeter beams with timber top and
bottom battens [3], 7 double cold RSC floor joists [4],
2 cold RSC and 5 double cold RSC roof trusses, see
frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red oxide paint
External walls: Brick, cavity, foil-backed plasterboard,
plain plasterboard [5].
Separating wall: 9" brick lined with plasterboard.
Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on steel joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Bituminous felt, timber battens and interlocking
concrete tiles.
Concrete pads or piles with PRC perimeter beams.
Concrete strip footings and brick substructure.
Varying numbers and arrangement of stanchions and
roof trusses, see frame layouts [B] and [C].
Single storey stanchions with perimeter beams connecting
the tops of stanchions.
Double cold RSA forming T-section ceiling joists.
External walls of PC panels or timber frame panels, clad
with shiplap timber boarding or tile hanging.
Brick or block cavity separating wall.
No-fines concrete separating wall.
Suspended ground floor of T&G boarding on timber
joists.
Stramit board linings and partitions.
Glass-fibre insulation quilt in cavity and roof space.
Asphalt or felt, flat or monopitch roofs lined with
woodwool slabs.
Slate roof cover.

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Trusteel Mk II M097
Manufacturer: Trusteel Corporation (Universal) Ltd Alternative names: Minox
Trusteel

Designer: C R Stapleford

Period built: 1946–66

Number built: 20,000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows, chalet bungalows and 2-storey detached, Severe corrosion of steel lattice stanchions, particularly Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick Concrete trenchfill foundation.
semi-detached and terraced houses. at bases. underbuilding [1]. DPC. Suspended ground floor of T&G boarding on timber
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with plain or Severe corrosion of steel lintels and sill supports. Frame: 22 steel lattice stanchions [2], 7 steel lattice joists.
interlocking concrete tiles. DPCs near or below ground level. floor joists [3], 7 steel lattice roof trusses, see frame Varying numbers and arrangement of stanchions and roof
External walls of brick, plain or harled [pebbledash] render, Debris and mortar droppings in cavity bottom. layout [A]. trusses.
tile hanging or shiplap boarding throughout or in Sulfate attack to concrete ground floor slab. Protective coating: Red oxide paint. No stanchions in gable wall.
combination. Corrosion of galvanised windows. External walls: Brick, cavity, woodwool slabs [4]. Steel joist and box beam lintels, cold RSC sill struts and
Steelwork visible in roof space. Separating wall: 3" block cavity wall. stud stanchions at window openings.
Partitions: Brick or block to ground floor, block to first Steel metal trims around windows and mullions.
floor. Bracings to stanchions at corner bays. Bracings in
Ground floor: Concrete. separating wall.
First floor: T&G boarding on steel joists. Separating wall of double steel lattice stanchions in
Ceilings: Plasterboard. foam slag concrete.
REFERENCES Roof: Bituminous felt, timber battens and interlocking Brick, cavity, block external walls.
concrete tiles. Brick, cavity, render on mesh external walls.
BRE Report BR 146 Plain or pebbledash render, tile hanging or shiplap
CIBSA 1967 boarding to front and rear external walls.
PWBS No. 1 Single leaf brick or block in separating wall.
Two layer plasterboard linings.
Hipped roofs.

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Turner & Newall M098

Manufacturer: Turner & Newall Ltd Alternative name: T&N

Designer:

Period built: 1966

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey detached, semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos
cement sheets.
Front and rear external walls of eaves height glazed
timber frame infill panels clad with flat asbestos cement
sheets.
Gable wall of narrow eaves height asbestos cement panels
and moulded asbestos cement corner panels.
Flat roof single storey porch and storage extension.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1967
NBA Certificate
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
CONSTRUCTION First floor: Plywood on timber joists.
Ceilings: Asbestos cement sheets.
Substructure: Concrete raft foundation thickened Roof: Profiled asbestos cement sheets.
around perimeter [1]. DPC. Aluminium flashings.
Frame: 2 PSA setting out jigs [2], 9 PS hollow box
stanchions [3] (3 single storey), 6 PSC perimeter beams
[4], 4 PSC floor support beams [5], 3 PS hollow box VARIANTS
roof trusses, and 4 Z-shaped steel purlins, see frame
layout [A]. None known.
Protective coating: Galvanised.
External walls: Front and rear walls of eaves height
timber frame panels [6], complete with door and
window frames, clad and lined with asbestos cement
sheets. Mineral wool insulation between frame studs.
Gable wall, and front and rear walls between timber
frame panels, of eaves height asbestos cement sheets
[7], cavity, fibre cored panels faced on both sides with
asbestos cement sheets [8]. Moulded asbestos cement
sheet corner panels [9].
Separating wall: Storey height timber frame fibre cored
asbestos-cement-faced panel cavity wall. Mineral wool
insulation in cavity.
Partitions: Fibre cored asbestos-cement-faced panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.

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Unitroy M099
Manufacturer: Unitroy Ltd Alternative name:

Designers: M Flatman
J Mason

Period built: 1946

Number built: 1

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalow. Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with bituminous felt. on inspection and assessment of steel framed houses is
Rendered [roughcast] external walls throughout. given in:
Exposed flanges of stanchions.
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 53)
Substructure: Concrete strip footing incorporating None known.
concrete slab [1]. DPC.
Frame: 4 RSA stanchions [2], 30 RST stanchions [3],
8 RSA perimeter ties [4], RSA window head and sill ties
and 9 RS roof trusses, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Zinc coating.
External walls: Storey height composite PS and timber
frame panels clad with flat asbestos cement sheets [5],
lined with plasterboard and infilled with cement and cork
reinforced with reeds.
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: Composite PS and timber frame panels lined
with plasterboard and infilled with cement and cork
reinforced with reeds.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Composite PS and timber frame panels lined and
backed with asbestos cement sheets infilled with cement
and cork reinforced with reeds and bituminous felt.

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Universal Temporary Bungalow M100

Manufacturer: Alternative name: Prefab
Universal
Universal Mk III
Designer:

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. None known.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos assessment of steel framed houses is given in: External walls: Not known.
cement sheets. Separating wall: Not known.
External walls of profiled asbestos cement sheets Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and Partitions: Not known.
throughout. assessment (BR 113) Ground floor: Not known.
Metal chimney cowl. Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) First floor: Not known.
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known.

REFERENCE

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Universal Type I M101

Manufacturer: Universal Housing Alternative names: Universal
Universal Permanent
Prefabricated House
Designer:

Period built: 1945

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos
cement sheets.
External walls of storey height asbestos cement sheets
throughout.
Overlapping joint at first floor level. Flush joint at eaves
level at gable apex, weathered with metal flashing.
Moulded cover strips mask corners.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1]. None known.
Concrete slab thickened around perimeter. DPC.
Frame: 8 RSC stanchions [2] (1 single storey), 1 double
RSC forming hollow box stanchion [3], 2 RSA perimeter
beams [4], 2 RSA floor support beams [5], 1 double
RSA forming T floor support beam [6], 2 RSC perimeter
ties [7], 1 RSA truss with RSC ceiling tie, 1 RSA truss
with double RSA forming T ceiling tie, 1 mock RSA truss
and RSA purlins, see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Red oxide paint.
External walls: Storey height timber frame panels clad
with flat asbestos cement sheets [8] and lined with
fibreboard backed with aluminium foil paper.
Separating wall: Clinker concrete block cavity wall.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with fibreboard. Clinker
concrete block in kitchen. Brick in sitting room.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Fibreboard.
Roof: Profiled asbestos cement sheets.

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Universal Type II M102

Manufacturer: Alternative name: Universal

Designer:

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Mamsard roof covered with tiles.
External walls of asbestos cement sheets or brick
throughout.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. None known.
assessment of steel framed houses is given in: Frame: Steel frame clad with 4' wide asbestos cement
sheets or brick throughout.
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and Protective coating: Not known.
assessment (BR 113) External walls: Not known.
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) Separating wall: Not known.
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known.

REFERENCE

BRE Archive

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WH M103
Manufacturers: H A Holmes & Son Ltd Alternative name:
Notley & Notley

Designer:

Period built: 1966

Number built: 200

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey detached houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with cedar shingles.
External walls of horizontal timber weatherboarding
throughout.
Horizontal timber boarding at first floor and eaves
levels.
Flat roof single storey extension.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1965, 1966
Interbuild System Building 1963
Asbestolux in external walls.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions [1]. None known.
Concrete slab. DPC.
Frame: 9 RS stanchions [2], 8 RSC perimeter beams
[3], 2 RSC floor support beams [4], 2 RSC ceiling
support beams [5] and 1 RSC ridge support beam [6],
see frame layout [A].
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Timber framing clad with horizontal
timber weatherboarding over building paper [7] and lined
with insulation board faced on both sides with aluminium
foil and Asbestolux [8].
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plywood.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on laminated timber beams.
Ceilings: Underside of timber boarding and exposed
laminated timber beams.
Roof: Deep trussed purlins, aluminium foil, timber
battens and cedar shingles.

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Wilson M104
Manufacturer: Alternative name: Wilson House

Designer: A R Wilson

Period built: 1947

Number built: 2

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings, brick under- Concrete ground floor.
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt. assessment of steel framed houses is given in: building. PC kerb around perimeter [1]. Oversite
External walls of narrow rendered storey height panels concrete. DPC.
throughout. Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and Frame: PSA setting out jig [2]. Storey height PSC framed
Concrete post at corners. assessment (BR 113) panels [3] braced internally with ladder like PSAs.
Vertical joints between panels and horizontal joint at first Inspecting steel houses (IP 14/87) Lattice steel joists [4] at first floor and roof levels.
floor level pointed with mastic. Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87) Protective coating: Not known.
Concrete kerb around around perimeter of roof with External walls: PRC posts at corners [5], RC rendered
generous eaves overhang. woodwool slabs [6], cavity, plasterboard.
Flat canopy over front door. Separating wall: PSC frame cavity wall lined with
plasterboard and backed with woodwool slabs. PRC
posts at corners.
Partitions: PSC framing lined with plasterboard.
REFERENCE Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber battens on PRC
slabs.
First floor: Plywood on timber battens.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: PRC slabs and bituminous felt.

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Appendix to Part One

METAL FRAMED HOUSES

Adams AM001
Alternative name: Adams Housing Syndicate

Anchorloc AM002

Anderson Permanent House AM003

Designer: Black and Shapley CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1940s External walls: Internal leaves of loadbearing Stramit
panels. Outer leaf of 4 1/2" brick with piers.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS Separating wall: 11" cavity brick.
2 storey semi-detached houses. Partitions: Stramit panels.
External cladding mostly brick with deep PRC window sills. Ground floor: T&G boards on timber joists.
Medium pitch roof covered with concrete roof tiles. First floor: T&G boards on timber joists.
Ceilings: Ground floor plasterboard. First floor
REFERENCE underside of Stramit panels.
BRE Archive Roof: Medium pitch RSA trusses carrying woodwool
slabs and concrete roof tiles.

Arlon AM004
REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 104)

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Brick lower storey, steel framed upper storey.

Bailey Stratton AM005

Boyd AM006
Period built: 1920s

REFERENCE
BRE Archive

Braby AM007
Manufacturer: F Braby & Co.

REFERENCES
CIBSA 1965
Interbuild System Building 2

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Braddock AM008 Clements AM013

Manufacturer: Braddock CONSTRUCTION Period built: 1940s CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1940s Substructure: RC raft with deep perimeter on hardcore. External walls: Steel frame clad with brick or block. Lining
External walls: RSC stanchions tied with RSAs. External IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS of Delarex prefabricated panels of unknown composition.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS walls of brick or cement rendered panels. Plain tile 2-storey semi-detached houses. Separating wall: Half brick wall lined each side with
2-storey houses. window sills. Lining not known but probably Paramount Medium pitch plain tiled roof. Delarex prefabricated panels of unknown composition.
Steep pitch roof covered with plain clay tiles. hollow core plasterboard-faced panels. Brick or block external wall.
External walls of brick or cement rendered panels on Ground floor: Granolithic concrete slab on ash bed.
Ceilings: Plaster on expanded metal lath below ceiling First floor: Steel lattice frames filled with concrete and
3’ 0" grid. heating panels. Insulation slab in first floor ceiling. REFERENCE
Plain tile window sills. finished with mastic (asphalt?) flooring.
Roof: Steep pitch RSA fink roof trusses covered with BRE Archive
One piece L-shaped asbestos cement fascia and soffit sarking of pre-formed asbestos cement batten sheets Roof: RSJ purlins carrying T-section, plain tiles on timber
combined. and plain clay tiles. One piece L-shaped asbestos battens.
cement fascia and soffit combined.
REFERENCE
BRE Archive Copeland AM014
Manufacturer: R Copeland CONSTRUCTION
Broadway AM009 Period built: 1940s Steel frame with Kariscol joints.

Manufacturer: D Firth and S Webster CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE

Designer: S Grant Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete slab BRE Archive (EP 2)
Period built: 1950 thickened around perimeter. DPC.
Frame: 6 RSC stanchions, 2 RSC and 1 RSJ floor support
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS beams, 11 pairs trussed rafters and trussed purlins. Coseley AM015
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. External walls: Front and rear walls of stone-faced PC
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with bituminous felt. Manufacturer: Coseley Buildings Ltd CONSTRUCTION
plinth panels, ribbed PC panels to first floor window sill Period built: 1960s External walls: Aluminium frame panels sheathed with
Front and rear external walls of stone-faced PC panel level and profiled steel sheets above, and gable wall of Number built: 14 plywood or asbestos cement sheets. Lined with composite
plinth course, ribbed or plain PC panels to first floor stone-faced PC panels to eaves level and profiled steel hardboard panels.
window sill level, and profiled steel sheets above. sheets at apex, cavity, woodwool slabs. IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Stone-faced PC panels at exposed separating wall. Separating wall: Clinker concrete block cavity wall. Bungalows.
Gable wall of stone-faced PC panels to eaves level and Partitions: Woodwool slabs. Shallow pitch roof.
profiled steel sheets at apex. Ground floor: Concrete. External walls of plywood or asbestos cement sheets
Projecting PC surrounds to door and window openings. First floor: RC slabs on RC joists. throughout.
Flat concrete canopy over front door. Ceilings: Ground floor of plaster on metal lathing, first
floor of woodwool slabs.
Roof: RC slabs and bituminous felt.
Fewac AM016
Manufacturer: Young & Co. CONSTRUCTION
VARIANTS Period built: 1920 Frame: Steel stanchions encased in concrete. Steel beams.
Front and rear external wall of plain PC panels between External walls: Clinker PC slabs clad with timber
plinth level and first floor window sill level. boarding on timber battens.

Brodie AM010 Fillod AM017

Period built: 1920s Manufacturer: British Fillod CONSTRUCTION
Designer: Robert Cromie External walls: Sheet steel formed into open jointed
REFERENCE Period built: 1940s slotted tubes connected in pairs with slots facing
BRE Archive Number built: 1 outwards into which flanged sheet steel panels are
Alternative name: Adams inserted. Internal wall is dry filled, presumably with no
fines aggregate.
Buckwyn AM011 REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 171)
Roof: RSA roof trusses.

Manufacturer: Buckwyn CONSTRUCTION

Period built: 1940s
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached houses.
Steel sheet cladding to roof.
External walls of steel sheets.
Projecting rail at window sill height.
REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 70, EP 129)
External walls: 12" wide steel sheet cladding to walls NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Inspected by BRE at prototype stage only.
in two heights, 4’ 6" and 3’ 0" clipped to horizontal PS
angle. Vertical joint T&G formed in steel sheet edge IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
profile. Projecting rail at window sill height. 2-storey houses.
Roof: Steel sheet cladding to roof, structure surmised External walls of steel sheets throughout with tight butt
to be steel. vertical joints.
Horizontal joint not known.

Canister AM012

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Fincast AM018 Opperman AM024

Manufacturer: Fincast Ltd CONSTRUCTION Designer: S E Opperman CONSTRUCTION
Designer: Frank Saunders & Partners Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions. Period built: 1940s Substructure: Brick underbuilding.
Period built: 1966 Concrete slab. DPC. External walls: RSC frame. Rendered corrugated
Number built: 10 Frame: Hollow tubular steel frame. IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS metal lathing formed into storey height panels 15’ 0" or
External walls: Exposed aggregate PC panels, cavity, 2 storey houses and bungalows. 20’ 0" wide lined with fibreboard. Metal window sills.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS plasterboard. Shallow pitch roof.
2-storey detached, semi-detached and terraced houses. Partitions: Light steel frame lined with fibreboard.
Separating wall: PC panel cavity wall. Cavity filled with Brick or rendered external walls throughout. Ceilings: Fibreboard.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles or slates. concrete.
External walls of storey height exposed aggregate PC Services: Prefabricated services unit.
Ground floor: Concrete. REFERENCE
panels throughout, or in combination with timber boarding, First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists. BRE Archive
glass reinforced plastics panels or tile hanging. VARIANTS
Ceilings: Plasterboard. Brick external walls throughout.
Some houses may have split pitch, butterfly pitch or flat
roofs. VARIANTS
REFERENCE
External walls clad with a combination of timber boarding,
glass reinforced plastics panels or tile hanging.
Parcrete AM025
CIBSA 1967 First floor of PC panels.
Rowcon AM026
Fromson AM019 Manuafacturer: Rowlinson Construction Ltd
Period built: 1940s Period built: 1964
Number built: 4
REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 113) IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey houses.
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS Flat roof.
Steel frame prototype inspected by BRE. Walls tile hung throughout.
Recessed ground floor.

Intercon AM020 Sanders-Foster AM027

Designer: Dennis Clarke Hall CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1940s Steel frame, umbrella roof.
Scott and Middleton AM028
REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 37) Manufacturer: Associated with Gabriel, Wade CONSTRUCTION
and English Substructure: Brick underbuilding but no concrete slab.
Designer: HJ Spiwak External walls: Light RSC frame carrying 24’ 0" storey
Mackay H & Sons AM021 Period built: 1940s height panels spanning between separating walls, sheathed
Number built: 2 with plywood external and lined with fibreboard. Plinth of
Period built: 1940s CONSTRUCTION Alternative name: WSM House 9 courses of facing brick capped by stone coping.
Steel frame bungalow, clad in riven Caithness stone. Separating wall: Light steel frame cavity wall lined
REFERENCE Steel frame hip roof. IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS with woodwool panels.
BRE Archive (EP 54) 2 storey semi-detached houses. Partitions: Light steel frame with fibreboard facings.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with asbestos cement Ground floor: Suspended timber over bitumen sprayed
sheets. solum.
MC2 AM022 Resin-bonded plywood external sheathing to 24’ 0" panels. Ceilings: Fibreboard.
Roof: Medium pitch steel frame covered with asbestos
Period built: 1960s REFERENCE cement sheets.
Number built: 199 BRE Archive (EP 10)
Alternative name: Martin Construction VARIANTS
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS Slated roof covering.
Inspected by BRE at prototype stage only.
Modform AM023
Manufacturer:
Period built:
Dicker Joinery
1964–65
CONSTRUCTION
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under-
Structural and Mechanical Engineering AM029
Number built: 5 building. DPC. Period built: 1940s CONSTRUCTION
Alternative name: System Modform Frame: 3 RS floor support beams, 2 RS roof support Aluminium house.
beams. REFERENCE
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS BRE Archive (EP 12)
External walls: Storey height timber frame infill panels.
2-storey terraced houses. Separating wall: 9" brick lined with plasterboard.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles. Partitions: timber stud lined with chipboard.
External walls of timber frame infill panels. First floor: Chipboard on timber joists. Stuart Scheme II AM030
Roof: Timber trusses and rafters and tiles. Period built: 1940s CONSTRUCTION
Blockwork ground floor but some steel content above
REFERENCE first floor.
BRE Archive (EP 201)

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Swiftplan Multiflex H AM031 Tubrick AM036

Manufacturer: Swiftplan Ltd CONSTRUCTION Designers: R C Evans (Architect) CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1965 Substructure: Concrete pads below stanchions. DPC. F J Samuely (Engineer) Steel frame, aluminium sheet cladding.
Alternative name: Swiftplan Frame: Hollow box steel stanchions and composite steel Period built: 1940s
beams. Internal stanchions and beams cased with Asbestolux.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS External walls: Timber frame infill panels clad with slate REFERENCE
2- and 3-storey houses. veneered timber boarding over building paper and lined BRE Archive (EP 127)
Flat roof covered with thermoplastic sheets. with asbestos composition boarding. Insulation between
External walls of asbestos cement, metal or plastics frame studs.
sheets and timber boarding, on occasion with slate
veneer, in combination.
Separating wall: Timber frame cavity wall lined with Veneercraft AM037
plasterboard. Insulation in cavity.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard. Period built: 1944 CONSTRUCTION
REFERENCE Ground floor: Concrete. Light steel frame clad in lightweight concrete panels
CIBSA 1965 First floor: Plywood on timber joists. REFERENCE and asbestos cement.
Ceilings: Plasterboard. BRE Archive
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Asbestolux in frame. Roof: Timber joists, plywood and thermoplastic sheets.
Insulation between joists.
The system was also used for flats.
Waldic AM038
VARIANTS
Plasterboard linings.
Concrete block separating wall lined with plasterboard
on timber battens.
Ceilings of T&G boarding or insulation boarding.
External walls clad with asbestos cement, metal or
plastics sheets.

Thermostatic Steel House AM032

Designer: Donald Brown
Period built: 1940s

REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 116)

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Bungalows.

Town & Vale AM033

Manufacturer: Town & Vale Ltd
Period built: 1967
Number built: 60
Alternative name: Experimental Pressed Steel Frame

Trellit AM034
Period built: 1920s

REFERENCE
BRE Archive

TSB AM035
Manufacturer: Tees-side Bridge and Engineering Ltd CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1940s Substructure: Concrete strip with exposed splayed
external face.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS External walls: Light RST frames with timber framed
2 storey semi-detached houses. infill panel. Undulating PS sheet outer cladding with top
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos hat PS section cover moulds. Celotex sheathing and
cement sheets. plasterboard lining.
Walls of pressed steel sheets. Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber bearers on steel beams.
REFERENCE
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
BRE Archive
Roof: RSA trussed rafters and asbestos cement trays.

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Walemesh AT111
ADDENDUM
Walker AT112
Number built: 60
to the digital edition
Wallis AT113
Manufacturer: John Wallis and Co. CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1920s Substructure: Not known.
External walls: Timber frame panels infilled with flint-
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS faced concrete and lined with lath and plaster.
External walls of exposed timber frame panels infilled
with flint-faced concrete.

Walton T114
Manufacturer: F Walton CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1920s Substructure: Slate footings. Concrete underbuilding.
External walls: Balloon frame construction. Eaves height
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS timber frame panels tied together with vertical iron rods
2-storey houses. and covered with lath and render and lath and plaster.
Medium pitch hipped roof. Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
External walls of lath and render and lath and plaster. First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
REFERENCE
Moir Report

Welgrave AT115

Western AT116
Manufacturer: Western Timber Co.

Whatlings Redwood AT117

Wilson AT118

Woodclad AT119

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Span Type K ADM001

Manufacturer: Span Developments Ltd Alternative name: Span

Designer: Eric Lyons

Period built: 1967–69

Number built: 341

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Terraced bungalows and 2- and 3-storey terraced
houses.
Shallow pitch monopitch roof, or double monopitch roof
of sawtooth section, covered with asbestos
cement slates. External walls of brick, painted asbestos
cement sheet, asbestos cement slate hanging or
painted vertical timber boarding to first floor level, and
stained vertical timber boarding or asbestos cement
slate hanging to upper floors. Single storey entrance
porch to most dwellings, clad in stained vertical timber
boarding, with flat roof.
Some dwellings have single storey rear extensions with
flat or monopitch roofs.
Painted asbestos cement sheet panels at separating wall.
Gable wall of brick throughout.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inpecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Not known. None known.
Frame: Coupled RS A-frames placed centrally on plan.
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Front and rear walls of timber frame
panels with asbestos cement, brick, vertical timber
boarding cladding or asbestos cement slate hanging to
first floor level, and vertical timber boarding or asbestos
cement slate hanging above. Gable wall of brick, cavity
and blockwork.
Separating wall: Brick, faced externally with 9" width
painted asbestos cement panels.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber panels.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Pitched roof of timber panels on timber purlins,
and asbestos-cement slates. Flat roof of timber panels
and bituminous felt.

Architectural Design and Construction, February 1944

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Occident ADP001
Manufacturer: British Occident Concrete Alternative name: Wheatley
Construction Co. Ltd

Designer: John Bland

Period built: 1926–27

Number built: 30

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with clay tiles.
External walls of storey height PC panels throughout,
painted to first floor level and covered with tile hanging
above.
Bay window to front elevation with spandrel panels of
rendered blockwork.
Cast concrete architrave to door.
REFERENCE
Concrete and Constructional Engineering 1925,1927
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. None known.
External walls: Full width storey height 71/2" PC
panels incorporating door and window frames to
ground floor on mortar bed, with 2" exposed dense
aggregate outer leaf, 31/2" cavity with loose clinker
fill, and 2" clinker concrete inner leaf, finished skim
coat plaster. First floor similar, but with 2" clinker
concrete outer leaf covered with tile hanging. Steel
interlocking lugs linking edge steel reinforcement.
Mortar joint.
Separating wall: Full width storey height 71/2" clinker
concrete PC panels incorporating flues, finished skim
coat plaster.
Partitions: Storey height room sized clinker concrete
PC panels, 41/2" to ground floor, and 2" above, finished
skim coat plaster.
Ground floor: Suspended timber joists.
First floor: Timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber joists and purlins, and plain tiles.

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Douglas Special ADT001

Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer: A H Mottram

Period built: 1944

Number built: 64

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows and chalet bungalows.
Medium pitch hipped roof (bungalows) or medium pitch
gable roof (chalet bungalows), covered in concrete tiles.
External walls of vertical timber boarding (bungalows) or
horizontal timber boarding (chalet bungalows)
throughout.
Timber porch.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of timber framed houses is given in:
Timber frame housing 1920–1975: inspection and
assessment (BR 282)
Supplementary guidance for assessment of timber-
framed houses: Part 1 Examination (GBG 11), Part 2
Interpretation (GBG 12)
Substructure: Brick on concrete strip footing. None known.
External walls: 2" solid timber planking lined
internally with fibreboard and externally sheathed with
building paper, diagonal timber boarding and vertical
timber boarding (bungalows) or horizontal timber
boarding (chalet bungalows).
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Timber stud.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins, and concrete tiles.

Architectural Design and Construction, February 1944

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Swedish Sectional Timber ADT002

Manufacturer: Alternative names: SST
Swedish Timber

Designer: C L Sjostrom Mardall

Period built: 1937–47

Number built: 300

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached or
terraced houses.
Shallow pitch monopitch roof,or shallow pitch gable roof
covered with profiled asbestos cement sheets.
External walls of stained or painted horizontal or vertical
timber boarding, or render.
Timber porch.
REFERENCE
Architectural Design and Construction, February 1944
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of timber framed houses is given in:
Timber frame housing 1920–1975: inspection and
assessment (BR 282)
Supplementary guidance for assessment of timber-
framed houses: Part 1 Examination (GBG 11), Part 2
Interpretation (GBG 12)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings carried up above External walls clad externally with 3/4" vertical timber
ground level. boarding and cement render on bitumen impregnated
External walls: 1- and 2-storey height timber frame fibreboard lathing.
panels lined internally with fibreboard on 11/2" T&G
timber boarding, and clad externally with felt and 1"
vertical or horizontal timber boarding.
Separating wall: Timber frame panels lined each side
with 11/2" T&G timber boarding and asbestos cement
sheeting.
Partitions: Timber stud.
Ground floor: T&G timber boarding on timber joists.
Paper insulation to joists.
First and second floors: T&G timber boarding on
timber joists.
Ceilings: Fibreboard.
Roof: Asbestos cement profiled sheeting on timber
rafters and purlins. Sawdust and lime insulation to
ceiling joists.

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Appendix A
Systems for which information
on structure is not available

Alastair MacDonald Hybrid

Arnold Hypsecon
Ayr Ideal Industrialised
Bittner Jones & Harvey
Bunton LVS
Celconite MacGregor
Chase McInerney
CHS Monoform
Clerk Mulso
Colridge U Frame 234 Multex
Consell Muniment
Crosspan Penilee
Crouch Point
CW Roy Industrialised
Donald Brown Skagervic
DSIR Stone Clad
E H Smith Tarmac
Edran Tarslag
EFMB Taylor Interlock
Elisol Templar
Experimental Thornton
Gough Cooper Torvale
Hadley Hollcoh

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Appendix B Appendix C
Systems based on small unit size Rationalised traditional houses
loadbearing masonry

These systems are outside the scope of this book. These systems are outside the scope of this book but are listed so that readers can eliminate
them from investigations. It should be noted that some manufacturers used the same name
Systems considered by the Moir Systems considered by the Burt for rationalised traditional and non-traditional houses.
Committee in the 1920s Committee Experimental Panel in the
For an explanation of the operation of this 1940s 4 H/7 New Decade
Committee, see Introduction, page xiv. For an explanation of the operation of this Bates Peak Homes
Committee, see Introduction, page xvi. Crouch Transitional Plus 3 Contracts
Aero Block (Thornley, Mott and Vines) Crux RATRA or Ratra
Autobond (McKaig) The EP numbers refer to the Experimental Drury System 3 Ratrad (Terrapin)
British Lean Panel reports held by BRE, which may be Faculty Rat-Trad (John McLean)
Cable-Rolock (WM Smith) consulted by arrangement with the BRE Federated System 1 Richard Thomas & Baldwin
Carler (Mountsorrel) Library. Forum Homes Rowcon
Haigh’s Improved Hales RTE
Interlock (Walter Jones) Airwork (EP 117) Hallam Mk I SASB
Jackson Aulei (EP 22) Halliwell Rat Trad Scan
Jefferies (Arthur E Jefferies) Beardmore (EP 134) Harvey & Lawrence Shaneley
Lissaman Carmyle (Stuart) (EP 204) Hemelite Homes (Rationalised Building Shanplan
Loc-Block (Aldridge) Clarincrete (EP 181) Systems) Shepherd Spacemaker
May System (Besarwick and Bruner) Dibden Purlieu Special (EP 161) Hillcon Sherwood
RE-Con-Block (Mitchell) Dri-crete (EP 217) HSD Simms CDA
Slater’s Three-ply Harvey Habala (EP 179) Jansel Southend 3M
Sutcliffe Laing’s Lightweight Concrete (EP 200) Kier Span Type K
Swingler LBC (EP 84) Kier BDC Housing Spooner Urban
Tebe (Sundstrom) Lockspeed Drylay (EP 62) Laing Stubbings
Triangular Block Mons-block (EP 16) Lawrence Weaver Surebuilt (Pearce and Barker)
Morgan Chemical Co (EP 11) Lesser Homes System 22 (Eton)
Mouldbloc (EP 146) Loudon Tersons 169
Masonry systems described by Bemis Muller (EP 20) M+J Thomson
in The evolving house Vol. III Rational Quetta (EP 20) Mactrad (John McLean) TR
design, 1936 Speed Block (EP 137) Medway Industrialised Transitional
Stabalite (EP 180) MeTra Trim
Carter WB (EP 52) MHC (Midlands Housing Consortium) Trybuilt
Jefferies Willment Type A (EP 196) Middleton Trygon
Loc Bloc Minox Ty-Built (Tiley and Sons)
Swingler MJ Three Unit M Plan
Triangular Block Mod L Unit System 66
Modform Weaver
Morris & Jacobs WG
Murphy YDG
Nema

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Index Index
Index of house names and alternative names Beanland No 2 P017 BRS Type 4 S009
Beco Wallform S005 Bruce AT014
Belcon P018 Bryant P021 P029 P030 S047
Belfry P018 Bryant Kwikform S047
Bell-Livett M059 P076 Bryant Large Panel P029
Bellrock P019 P093 Bryant Low Rise P029 P030
Bennett T009 Bryant Low Rise System 4 P030
Bigland & Mowat AT010 Bryant Quikform S047
Birmingham Corporation M015 Bryant System 2 P029
Many house types may be known by alternative names, Example Birmingham Corporation M014 Bryant System A S047
and these could have been used for more than one house The reported name of the house type is Adams and the Birmingham Corporation Postwar Experimental M015 Bryant Wall Frame P021
type. The names shown in bold are the definitive names structure is known to be of concrete. Adams is the Birmingham Corporation Type ST M015 Brydon S010
used in this book, and the entries to which these refer are definitive name of entry AM001. However, this is a BISF M016 M017 M018 M019 Brydon No-Fines S010
also shown in bold. metal-framed type. The most likely entry for this house BISF Type A M016 BSC P107
A definitive name may also have been used as an type is therefore either P001 (Adams H1) or P002 BISF Type A1 M017 BSL P031
alternative name for other house types, and where this is (Adams HVA3), both of which are precast concrete BISF Type B M018 Buchan M023
the case the references for these are also listed. house types. BISF Type C M019 Buckwyn AM011
Bison P020 P021 Build Form AT015
12M Jespersen P067 Arcon Mk V M007 Bison Crosswall P020 Building Systems Ltd P031
4L P013 Arcon Permanent House M006 Bison Trimline AP007 Bullock T013
5M M064 Arcon Temporary Bungalow M007 Bison Wall Frame P021 Bur-Pal T014
Argyll P007 B-J M020 Burt Boulton T015
A Arlon AM004 Blackborrow P022 Butterfly S062
Aberdeen Corporation S001 T001 Arrow P008 Blackburn M002 M003 P023 P024 S006 Butterfly No-Fines S062
Adams AM001 P001 P002 Arrowhead M008 Blackburn No-Fines S006 Butterley P127 P128
Adams H1 P001 Arrowtrim T008 Blackburn Orlit P024
Adams Housing Syndicate AM001 Artmet AP004 Blackpool P094 C
Adams HVA3 P002 Arup S003 Block Watne T047 Calder T016 T084
Addison AP001 ASD AT003 Boiler Plate M010 Calder Homes T016
AGB Modular 6 M001 Aspect AT004 Bonding Block System AP008 Caldervale T017
Airey P003 S022 Atherton M009 Boot P025 P026 Calverley Modular T018 T019 T143
Airey new improved duo-slab house P003 Atholl M010 M011 M012 Boot Beaucrete P025 Calverley Modular Type I T018
AIROH Temporary Bungalow M002 Atholl 1926 M010 Boot Pier and Panel P026 Calverley Modular Type II T019
Alcrete P004 Atholl 1945 M011 Boro T010 Calverley Type I T018
Alcrete Mk I P004 Atholl 1951 M012 Borohus T010 Calverley Type II T019
Alcrete Mk II P004 Atholl Postwar M011 M012 Boswell S007 Calway AS001
Alderton S002 Atholl Prewar M010 Boulton & Paul T011 Cameron T020
Allbetong AP002 Atlas Stone P009 Bourne P101 Camus P032
Aluminium Bungalow M002 M003 Austin Hall AT005 Boyd AM006 Canadian Demonstration T021
Aluminium Bungalow B1 M002 Avonside AT006 Boyd Gibbons S008 Canadian Demonstration Homes T021
Aluminium Bungalow B2 M002 AW Hawksley S049 Boyd Gibbons No-Fines S008 Canadian Timber T021 T022 AT016
Aluminium Bungalow BL8 M003 AW Hawksley SGS S049 Braby AM007 Canadian Timber Type I T022
Aluminium Bungalow BL8D M003 Ayrshire County Council P010 P134 Bracpress M069 Canadian Timber Type II AT016
Aluminium House M004 Braddock AM008 Canister AM012
AMcK P005 B Bradley P086 AT011 Carey Homes AT022
Amey Chivers P085 B&J AT007 Braithwaite M021 M093 Carlton P033
Anchor 12M T002 B&P T011 Braithwaite Unit Frame M093 Carnavon T028
Anchor 600 AT001 Bailey Stratton AM005 Bricket Wood Special T012 Caspon T023
Anchor Modular AT002 Balency P011 Brims AT012 Cast Iron M095
Anchorloc AM002 Balfour Beatty P012 Bristol Aeroplane M004 P004 Cast Rendered S011
Anderson Permanent House AM003 Banton S004 British Cast Concrete Federation P015 Cathcart T137
Andover T003 Banton No-Fines S004 British Craft Homes AP009 Cavi Costain P042
Andrews AP003 Barratt T088 AT008 British Housing M022 Cavicrete P042
Anglia P006 Barvis AP005 British Power Boat T112 CAWL T133
Anglia Type A P006 Bates 4L P013 British Ropes P031 C-DA AP042 T118
Anglian P116 Battery Cast P014 British Steel Construction P107 CDC T020
Anglian P006 Bayley Bartlett AT009 Broadmead P027 Cebus AP010
Anglo Swedish AT003 BCCF P015 Broadway AM009 Cedar Homes T024 T051
Anvil T004 BCCF Temporary Bungalow P015 Brodie AM010 Cedarwood T045
Anvil 6B T004 BDG P016 Brown of Wem AT013 Cedarworth Homes T025
Appleyard T005 T006 BDG Wessex P016 BRS S009 Celtic Homes T026 T052
Arbor T006 Beale & Son AP006 BRS Battery Cast P014 P052 Cemacrete AP011 S046
Arcal M005 T007 Beanland M013 P017 BRS Brecast P014 Cemalite S046
Arcon M006 M007 Beanland No 1 M013 BRS L-shaped panels P028 Challow T027

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Index Index
HLB M045 Knightsbridge T059 Mac-Girling P078 Multiflex T127
Homeville M049 Kwikform S047 Mackay H & Sons AM021 Multigrid T091
Homeville Industrialised M049 MacKeown AS015 Multilite AS016
Housing Development & Construction P060 L Macrae T075 Multispan M066 AT064
Howard M050 M051 Laidlow Thornton AS013 Macrae Plus T076 MWM AS017
Howard Mersham AT044 Laing P067 S023 S024 T104 AT093 Mactaggart & Mickel AT055 Myton P087
Howard Type A M050 Laing Crosswall P067 S024 Mactrad T077 Myton-Clyde P087
Howard Type B M051 Laing Timber AT093 Malthouse P079 Myton-Solway P087
Howells P063 Lamella S035 Maple Leaf T078
HSSB P064 Lamella Roofed Cottages S035 Mark M062 N
Hughes AS009 Lammermuir T052 Marley P080 AT056 Nadder P101
Hultsfredhus T058 Lanark County Council T065 Marnel M062 Natcon P088
Hultsfreds T058 Langlands M057 T066 T067 T068 T069 Martin Construction AM022 NBA Silksworth T117
Humphreys T059 Langlands Bungalow T066 Maxim S037 AT057 NCB P089
Humphreys Knightsbridge T059 Langlands Mansard T067 Maycrete AP026 Neale AP027
Langlands Terrazzo T068 MC2 AM022 Neata AT065
I Langlands Type N2 T069 McAlpine T079 New England T006
IBIS M052 Larsen & Neilsen P006 McDonald T080 New Georgian M067
IDC P060 Lauderdale T052 McLean T077 AT058 New Trend AT066
Ideal M069 Lawrence T070 Mears Cowlin AT059 Newcastle Corporation T092
Ideal Industrialised M069 Lawrence Building Co. AT048 Medway T081 T082 Newland P090
Incast S033 LC M060 Medway Industrialised T081 T082 Newton Chambers M095
Incon AP020 LC System M060 Medway Type I T081 Nissen-Petren M068
Index M059 P076 LCC Mobile T071 Medway Type II T082 No-Fines S004 S006 S008 S010 S011 S015
Industricon P065 LCC Timber T108 T109 T110 MeTraCon P081 S026 S029 S033 S038 S039 S042 S051
Integer M053 Lecaplan P072 P073 MeTraTim T083 S052 S055 S059 S060 S062 AS021
Interbild AT045 Lecaplan Type A P072 Metratrim T083 Nokkelhus T093
Intercon AM020 AS010 Lecaplan Type B P073 Meyer T084 Norlog T094
Intrad AS011 Leeds Corporation M059 P076 MFC P082 AT060 Northern Ideal Homesteads M069
ISEC T087 Lexington T006 MFC Housing P082 Norwegian Log T094
Lexington Super T006 MHC T085 Norwegian Timber T088 T092
J Leyland Industrial AT049 Midland Housing Consortium T085 Nuttall M039 M070 M071
Jackson T060 Lightning Construction P074 Millard T098 T099 Nuttall Building System M070
James Wild M035 Lilleshall P075 Miller S038 S039 T086 Nuttall Mk II M071
Janes AT046 Lindsay P010 P134 Miller No-Fines S038 S039 Nuway AT067
Jansel P066 T061 Lindsay Parkinson P064 S045 Miller O'Sullivan S044
Jespersen P067 Linton T072 Miller Temporary Bungalow S039 O
Jespersen 12M P067 Linton TD T070 Minniel P083 Oakridge AP028
Jicwood T062 Lisset AT050 Minox M063 M097 T087 Occident ADP001
Jicwood Temporary Bungalow T062 Liverpool Corporation M058 Monox Econstruction T087 Ontario T042
Jones & Harvey S017 Liverpool Special T073 Minster T023 Open System Building M072
Livett-Cartwright M059 P076 Mitchell AT061 Opperman AM024
K Llewellyn T101 Mitchell Unit P032 Orlit P024 P091 P092 P093 P122 P132
Keeland P035 Llewellyn Shells T101 MOD Special P084 Orlit Type I P091
Kelvin M054 Lloyd M090 Modern Building (Wales) T038 Orlit Type II P092
Kencast P068 Lo Rona AS014 Modform AM023 Orlit-Bellrock P093
Kenkast P068 Locarn AP024 Modular 6 M001 OSB M072
Kent AP021 Lothian AT051 Modular Housing M001 O'Sullivan S044
Ketton P069 T063 Louden AT052 Module Two AT062 O'Sullivans S044
Keyhouse Unibuilt M055 Loudon P077 Modulow M060 Outinard Parkinson S045
Keylock AP022 Loudon Mk II P077 Modumould AT063 Owen Williams P136
Kier T064 T081 Lovatt S055 Modus P028 P085
Kier BDC T064 Love P083 Moelven Brug T088 P
Kilpeck T004 Lovell T074 MOHLG T089 PAC AP029
Kinch T055 Lovell Housing System T074 MOHLG 5M M064 Page-Johnson S032
Kincorth P070 Lowestoft Borough S036 Morrell P086 Palmer AP030
Kincorth Mk III P070 Lowton-Cubitt M060 MOW Demonstration S040 S041 S042 Panelwall AP031
King & Howse AS012 Ludford AT053 MOW Demonstration Expanded Clay S040 Papworth Permanent Bungalow AT068
Kings Thorn Special P071 Luton AP025 MOW Demonstration Foamed Slag S041 Paragon M073
Kingsthorne Special P071 Lynn M022 MOW Demonstration No-Fines S042 Parcrete AM025
Kingston AT047 MOW Emergency M075 Parkinson P064 P094 S045
Kingston AP023 M Mowlem S043 Parkwall S045
Kingstone M056 M&J AT054 Mucklow M065 Parkway T036
Kirton S034 Macfarlane M061 Mucklow Plan M065 Peak Homes T095
Multicom T090 Pearce AP032

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Index Index
Challowette T027
Channello P034
D F Gilbert Ash
Gilbert Ash Tracoba
P120 AT035
P120
Dagenham Special S018 F J Moore P113
Cheecol Keeland P035 Giles AS008
Dalcot P044 F3C and F4C Concrete Houses AS006
Chicago T025 Glasgow Corporation AT036
Daleholme P046 AT021 Facta T038
CLASP M064 Glasgow Foamed Slag P053
Dare M072 Factrad AT026
CLASP 5M M064 GLC Anglia P006
Davies AS004 Faculty T039
Clements AM013 GLC Anglian House P116
Davis P104 AP015 Fairweather P049
Clip Slab M009 GLCC Mobile T071
Davis J AS005 Falcon P050
Clore Grange P046 GLE P054
Dean T037 Falkiner Nuttall M039
Clothed Concrete Construction P047 Goldcrest T048
Denis Poulton M033 Farlington Special P051
Clugston Cawood AP012 Goldenhomes AT037
Dennis M034 M035 Farquahar AT027
CM T018 T019 T143 Grampian T052
Dennis Steel Frame House M035 Farrans S026
CM Yuill T018 T019 T143 Grandidge T084
Dennis-Wild M035 Farrans No-Fines S026
CMX T018 T019 Grange AT038
Dennis-Wild Patent Steel Frame Composite System M035 Federated System 2 T040
Coignet AP013 Gray AT039
Devon Lady T031 Fewac AM016
Colt T028 Grayholme AT040
Diatomite S019 Fidler S027
Combined Concrete Construction AS002 Great Yarmouth Borough T060
Discus M036 Fillod AM017
Compton T031 Gregory P055 P056
Domkonstruado P045 Fincast AM018
Conatus M024 Gregory Crosswall P056
Domus AT022 Finnish Timber T100 AT028
Concept P036 Gregory Industrialised P056
Donald Cameron T020 Firmcrete S028
Concept 4 P036 Grenfell Baines M043 T049
Doncaster P031 Firth AS007
Concrete Construction (Wales) P132 Grid M044
Doric S020 Fleming AT029
Concrete Frames S012 Grove Homes T050
Dorlonco M037 Flexi T041
Concrete Houses Ltd P037 GT AT041
Dorman Long M037 Florida T025
Concrete Utilities AP014 Guildway T051
Dorran P046 Foamed Slag S029 S041
Connell M025
Douglas T137 Fontaberry T042
Conslab S013
Douglas Special ADT001 Forfar Borough T043
H
Conspan P109 Hall T052
Doxford M022 Formula M040 AT030
Contrad AT017 Hallam T053 T054 T055
Drury P049 P056 Formwall S062
Cook S014 Hallam 3M T054
Drury System 3 P056 Forrester-Marsh S030
Copeland AM014 Hallam Mk I & Mk II T053
Dry Walls S021 Forth AT031
Cornes M026 M032 M092 Hallam Mk III T054
DSIR Edmonton BRS P014 Fram P014 P032 P052 AP013 AP020
Cornes Cussins M026 M032 M092 Hallam VM T055
Dudley Coles AP016 T039 Fram BRS P014 P052
Cornish P038 P039 P040 Hallam Volumetric T055
Dudley Coles M001 Fram Construction P014 P032 P052 AP013 AP020
Cornish Flush Panel P038 Hallamshire Mk I T053
Duo-Slab S022 Fram Industrialised P052
Cornish Unit P038 P039 P040 Hallamshire Mk II T053
Duplex M038 Fram Russell P014 P032 P052 AP013 AP020
Cornish Unit Type I P039 Halliwell T138
Duplex Sheath M038 Framecourt AT032
Cornish Unit Type II P040 Halliwell Timber T138
Dyke P047 Frameform T044
Corolite S015 Halls Mk III AP017
Dyke CCC P047 Fraser & McDonald AT033
Coronation T028 Halls Programme H T052
Corvus S016 Fredericks T045 T046
Hamish Cross Type I P057
Coseley AM015 E Fredericks Cedarwood
Fredericks Frame System
T045
T046
Hamish Cross Type II P058
Cosmos P041 AT019 Easiform S023 S024 Hardie AP018
Costain P105 S049 Fredericks Industrialised Timber T046
Easiform Type I S023 Hardy P059
Costain P042 Fribahus AT034
Easiform Type II S024 Harley Haddow P070
Costain-Wilson P042 Fribo Hus AT034
East Knowle Special P048 Harry Neal Battery Cast P014
Coventry Corporation M027 Fribohus AT034
Eastwood T137 Harvey Frame T056
Cowieson T029 Fromson AM019
ECP Modular AT023 Hawksley M002 M003 M004 S049
Craftcast S017 Fyfield T003
Edgell T032 Hawksley Aluminium M002 M003 M004
Craig Atholl M028 Edinburgh Foamed Slag S025 Hawksley SGS S049
Crane M029 EDLO BRS P014 G Hawthorn Leslie M045
Cranwell M030 Edwards Construction S030 G 80 AP031 Hayes Interlock AP019
Croft Granite P015 Eklectron T033 G 80 Panelwall AP031 HDC P060
Crosby P043 Elementhus T034 G B Watne T047 Heath AT042
Cruden M031 P106 T132 Elliott AT024 G Block Watne T047 Herald S032
Cruden Brick-clad M031 Elsworthy T035 Gadie S031 Hertfordshire County Council T057
Cruden Rural M031 Enfield BRS P014 Gart AT035 Hertsmere Special P061
Cruden Unicorn T132 Engineered Homes P099 P100 P101 T036 Gateshead Butterfly S062 Hexham Special P062
Ctesiphon AS003 English Electric T049 Gateshead Corporation M041 Highland Tain AT044
Cubitt M060 Enso Gutzeit T010 Gateshead Experimental M041 High Speed System Building P064
Cuckow AT019 Errol T072 Gateshead No-Fines S062 Hilcon M046
Cussins M026 M032 M092 Eskdale T052 Gee Walker & Slater M005 M042 Hillcon M046
Cussins Cornes M026 M032 M092 Essihus AT025 Gemini T055 Hills M014 M046 M047
Cuyper AT020 Eurodean T037 Geneva T025 Hills Presweld M047
Czechoslovakian Timber T030 Expanded Clay S040 Gerrard Incon AP020 Hitchins M048

952 953
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Index Index
Pemcrete P095 Ridgeway AP039 Sherwood T116 Sunskeeme S053
Pennine T120 Rigid Frame M008 Shingleton Conslab AP041 Supalite AT092
Pentagon AP033 Rigid Frame Construction M008 Shipston M087 Superhome AT093
Pentland T052 Riley M080 Shipston Aluminium M087 Surrey Grove AT094
Permabuild P096 Rileyform T104 Sidney Stone AS020 Sutherland AT095
Permabuilt P096 Ringsakerhus T088 Silksworth T117 Swedale AT096
Permacrete S046 RM Housing M044 Simmcast AP042 Swedish Homes T125
Perma-Erecta P097 RMR T105 Simms AP042 T118 T119 T120 Swedish Sectional Timber ADT002
Permanent Aluminium M003 Roberts T017 Simms C-DA AP042 T118 Swedish Timber T058 T125 AT003 AT116
Perren T096 Roften M081 Simms Sons & Cooke C-DA T118 ADT002
PH6 P130 Rogers Concrete Construction AS019 Simms Sons & Cooke AP042 T118 T119 T120 Swift T126
Phoenix M025 M074 M077 M082 Rogers Construction AS019 Simms Sons & Cooke SWPA T120 Swiftplan AM030 T127
Phoenix Temporary Bungalow M074 Ross AP040 Simplified Brickwork P104 Swiftplan H12 T127
Plasteel M045 Rothschild M082 Sindall P103 Swiftplan Multiflex H AM030
Plysyl Bungalow AP034 Rothwell-Perrin AT076 Siporex P105 Swiftplan Multiflex H12 T127
Poolman AP035 Rotinoff M083 Siporex 6M P105 SWPA T120
Portal M075 Rowcon T106 T107 Skarne P106 Symplex M092
Portal Temporary Bungalow M075 Rowcon Type I T106 Slingsby P046 AT088 System DL T031
Potters Bar Special P098 Rowcon Type II T107 Slipform S024 Systemac AT097
Potton AT069 RTB M052 M084 Smith P107
Poulson M072 RTB Temporary Bungalow M084 SNW P108 T083 T
Poulton M033 RTE AT077 SNW XW P140 T&N M098
Pratten AT070 Rubery Owen M085 Solid Cedar T121 Tarran P115
Pre-Cut Norwegian AT071 Rumble S048 Solvyt S050 Tarran Mk IV P115
Prefab M002 M007 M074 M075 M086 M100 Russell Leighton P102 Solway P087 Tarran Temporary Bungalow P115
P015 P115 T062 T113 T123 T134 Ryedale AT078 Spacemaker P109 Tarran-Dorran P046
Prefacto AP036 Spacemaker Bungalow AT089 Tarran-Newland P090
Prestoplan T097 S Spaceway M088 Taygon AT098
Presweld M047 Salveson AT079 Speyroc AP043 Taylor Woodrow-Anglian P116
Procol M076 Sanders-Foster AM026 Span ADM001 Taylor-Woodrow Anglian P006
Prowting M008 T008 Sawston SB2 P103 Span Type K ADM001 Tayton AS022
Purpose Built T098 T099 SB2 P103 Spooner T023 T122 T123 Tee Beam P117
Purpose Built Type I T098 Scan AT080 Spooner Mk III T123 Telford M093
Purpose Built Type II T099 Scanda Plan AT081 Spooner Temporary Bungalow T123 Tenaplas S054
Puutalo T100 Scandev AT082 Spooner-Caspon T023 Terrapin T128
Pyrocol AT072 Scandia AT083 SSHA S051 S052 AS021 T124 Teviotdale T052
Scano T108 T109 T110 SSHA Canadian Commissioner's House T124 Thain Capital AT099
Q Scano Type I T108 SSHA Canadian Timber T124 Thames M094
Quality M077 Scano Type II T109 SSHA Cellular Concrete S051 S052 AS021 Thames House M094
Quikbild T101 Scano Type III T110 SSHA Commissioners Resumption AS021 Thermostatic Steel House AM031
Quikform S047 Scansiv AT084 SSHA No-Fines S051 S052 AS021 Thorncliffe M095
Scansystem AT085 SSHA Wartime Cellular Concrete S052 Thornwall P118
R Schindler S049 SST ADT002 Thornwall 3M P118
R M Rowlands T105 Schindler-Gohner System S049 Stanley Miller AS017 Thornwood P118
Radiation House M027 Scotfast P075 AT086 Steane M089 THUS AT100
Ramsjo AT073 Scotfast Taybank P075 Steinkjer AT090 Timber Flex T035
Rapirect AS018 Scotlog T111 Stent P110 Timber Frame (UK) AT101
Rationalised Housing AP037 Scott & Middleton AM027 Stewart P111 P112 Timcon AT102
RB2 AP038 Scottwood T112 Stewart & Lloyd M006 M007 M090 Token P119
RCC AS019 Seco M086 T113 Stewart & Partners P111 P112 Toogood AT103
RD 27 P121 Seco Frame M086 Stewart & Partners Type I P111 Town & Vale AM032
Redesdale T052 Seco Mk III M086 T113 Stewart & Partners Type II P112 Tracoba P120
Redifice Bungalow AT074 Seco Permanent House M086 Stex AT091 Tracoba Low Rise P120
Reema P099 P100 P101 Seco Temporary Bungalow T113 Stonecrete P113 TRADA T129 T130 AT100
Reema Coffered Panel P099 Segal T114 Stour P101 TRADA Directly Clad T129
Reema Conclad P099 Selleck Nicholls P038 P039 P040 P081 P108 Stratton Bungalow AM005 TRADA Separately Clad T130
Reema Contrad P100 P140 AS016 T083 Strongman AP044 TRADA Type I T129
Reema Hollow Panel P101 Selleck Nicholls & Williams P038 P039 P040 Structural and Mechanical Engineering AM028 TRADA Type II T130
Reema Waffle Panel P099 P081 P108 P140 AS016 T083 Stuart M091 Trellit AM033
Reeves Frame T102 SGS S049 Stuart Scheme II AM029 Trentrox AP045
Reid AT075 Shaddow Wall AT087 Stubbings P114 Truscon P121
Reith M078 Shama Houses M082 Stubbings Industrialised P114 Truscon RD 27 P121
Resiform M079 T103 Sharen T126 Stubbings Industrialised Low Rise P114 Trussit AT104
RFC M008 Shepherd P109 T115 Sunley AP002 Trusteel M096 M097
Richard Thomas & Baldwin M084 Shepherd Spacemaker P109 Sunley Allbetong AP002 Trusteel 3M M096
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Index
Trusteel Mk II M097 Weir Cathcart T137
Trybo T131 Weir Douglas T137
TSB AM034 Weir Eastwood T137
Tubrick AM035 Weir Multicom T090
Turner & Newall M098 Weir Multigrid T091
TWA P006 P116 Weir No-Fines S060
Tweedale T052 Weir Paragon M073
Weir Postwar T136
U Weir Prewar T137
UCO S055 Weir Quality M077
Ulster Cottage P122 Welgrave AT115
Underdown P123 Wellbuilt T138
Unicom AT105 Wellington T082
Unicorn T132 Wessex P016 P132
Uniment P124 West Pennine T120
Uni-Seco M086 T113 Western P138 T058 AT116
Unistem AT106 Western System AP048
Unit P032 P125 AP046 S055 T133 AT107 Westholm P139
Unit Camus P032 Westminster T079
Unit Construction P032 P125 AP046 T133 Westmorland T028
Unit Frame M021 West's 5M P133
Unit No-Fines S055 Weybridge T062
Unit System AP046 T133 WGH Pre-Fab System P096
Unit System 67 T133 WH M103
Unit-Built P125 Whatling S061
Unitroy M099 P126 Whatlings Redwood AT117
Unity P127 P128 Wheatley ADP001
Unity Brickclad P127 P128 Whitcon AS023
Unity Type I P127 Whitson-Fairhurst P010 P134
Unity Type II P128 Wild M035
Universal M100 M101 M102 S056 Wild Steel Frame System M035
Universal Mk III M100 Wilkinsons (Runfold) P096
Universal Permanent Prefabricated House M101 Willett Industricon P065
Universal Temporary Bungalow M100 Wil-Mac P135
Universal Type I M101 Wilson M104 AT118
Universal Type II M102 Wilson House M104
Urba T023 Wilson Lovatt S055
USA T134 Wilson Lovatt 83 S055
USA Temporary Bungalow T134 Wilvan P136
Wimpey S062
V Wimpey No-Fines S062
Variform AT108 Wimpey W6M S062
Varney AT109 Winget P137
Veneercraft AM036 WL Ring AP049
Vine & Vine S057 Woodclad AT119
Volumetric Timber T055 Woodley BRS P014
Woolaway P138
W Woolaways P138 P139
Waddington AT110 Woolaways Bungalow P139
Wakefield Special S058 Wylye P101
Waldic AM037
Walemesh AT111 X
Wales Sindall P103 XW P140
Walker AT112
Waller P129
Wallis AT113
Y
YDG T139
Walton AT114
Yorkshire Development Group T139
War Office No-Fines S059
Yorkshire Timber Frame T140
Wates P130 T135
Young Elizabethan T141
Wates Low Rise T135
Young RW AP050
Watne T047
Youngman T142
Webb P131
Ytong AP051
Weedon AP047
Yuill T018 T019 T143
Weir M073 M077 S060 T090 T091 T136

958